B: PART 3.0 – COURSE MATERIALS

B: 3.1 INTRODUCTION TO WILDLIFE TRADE (GLOBAL AND REGIONAL)

B: 3.1.1 Presentation - Introduction to Wildlife Trade (Global and Regional)

Note: Examples on the main purposes of wildlife trade (Slide 11 – 23) can be adapted to examples that are more relatable to your country or region.

File name - B.3.1.1 Introduction to Wildlife Trade.pptx

Resource: Greater Mekong Wildlife Trade video

This documentary depicts the unabated illegal wildlife trade in the Mekong Region, focusing on the thousands of illegal wildlife parts and products found for sale in the Lower Mekong. The sale of illegal wildlife underscores the region’s continuing struggle to address wildlife crime and the need to ramp up anti-trafficking efforts. With pictures and videos taken in the Greater Mekong area where illegal wildlife trade is concerned, this video serves as a good introduction to the topic.

The video is available in English, with Vietnamese, Chinese, Thai and Burmese subtitles.

Folder name - Greater Mekong Wildlife Trade Videos

B: 3.2 AGENCY ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES (COUNTRY)

In this section, the country’s CITES MA can be invited as a guest lecturer to talk about wildlife enforcement in the country.

B: 3.2.1 Outline – Agency Roles and Responsibilities in Country

The guest lecturer is to explain: a) The country’s obligation to the implementation of CITES b) What agencies are involved investigations, prosecutions and other law enforcement activities c) What are the roles and responsibilities of these agencies d) Cooperation between different agencies in the country

B: 3.2.2 Outline – Authority and Powers, Search, Seizure and Arrest

The guest lecturer is to explain: a) under what law, legislation or regulation, rangers and other law enforcement agencies have authority to carry out their duties, b) under what law can they conduct a search, c) under what law can they seize evidence, d) under what law can they detain for enquiries or arrest as suspect.

B: 3.3 WHAT IS CITES

B: 3.3.1 Presentation – What is CITES

Participants are taught the structure of the Convention and how it operates to monitor wildlife trade amongst its members. A brief explanation of how each member party performs its duties to CITES is given to assist participants who are members of law enforcement to understand their role to enforce the Convention and its requirements.

File name - B.3.3.1 What is CITES.pptx

B: 3.4 CITES APPENDICES

B: 3.4.1 Presentation – CITES Appendices

Participants are first lead through a brief simple explanation about taxonomy to help them understand how species are named. This provides them with basic understanding on how to utilize the CITES Appendices. This session teaches them how the Appendices are structured and introduces several tools (such as the Checklist of CITES and Species Plus) so that participants can learn how to read and use the Appendices.

File name - B.3.4.1 CITES Appendices.pptx

B: 3.4.2 Presentation – CITES Appendices Quiz

This Quiz presentation slide is useful to keep trainees engaged. A copy of the latest CITES Appendices can be accessed at https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php. It is advisable to print the Appendices on paper. Then, ask participants to look for the right species based on what is shown in the quiz, which Appendix the species falls under and the page number.

Note: Ensure that you are using the latest version of the CITES Appendices!

File name - B.3.4.2 CITES Appendices Quiz.pptx

B: 3.5 CITES

Permits And Certificates

B: 3.5.1 Presentation – CITES Permits and Certificates

This session provides a review on how CITES works with reference to its documents, such as their export, import, re-export and other certificates. This includes also a brief mention of CITES exemptions and trade with Non-parties.

File name - B.3.5.1 CITES Permits and Certificates.pptx

B: 3.6 FRAUDULENT PERMITS

B: 3.6.1 Presentation – Fraudulent Permits

Participants are taught how to verify CITES permits in this session. Key indicators for specific columns are discussed in detail. Participants are also taught to identify the three main categories of fraudulent permits and also look at examples of situations where fraudulent documents may be found.

File name - B.3.6.1 Fraudulent Permits.pptx

Various resources are provided under this lesson.

• The Fraudulent Permit Exercise puts the learner to test on their skills to identify fake permits. Trainees are given the handout to find the problematic boxes and point out why it is wrong.

• The Steps in Verifying CITES Permits is a summary of this section developed by CITES.

• A blank standard CITES Permit is provided as an example. You can include a sample of blank CITES Permit in your country so that trainees would have an idea of how it looks like and what should or should not appear on the permit (e.g. security stamp).

• A compilation of scanned CITES permits from different countries can be shown too.

B: 3.6.2 Presentation – Fraudulent Permit Exercise

This exercise serves as a revision of the lessons learnt in B.3.6.1. The first slide of the powerpoint is the ‘fraudulent’ permit, which should be provided to the participants as a separate handout (see B.3.6.2). Participants can be given some time to try to detect where the errors are on the handout. The answers to identify the fraudulent parts of the permit (see B.3.6.4) are provided in the second slide of this powerpoint, which can be shown on the projection screen as the trainer discusses the answers with the participants.

File name – B.3.6.2 Fraudulent Permit Exercise.pptx

B: 3.6.3 PDF Handout – Fraudulent Permit Exercise

File name - B.3.6.3 PDF Handout - Fraudulent Permit Exercise.pdf

B: 3.6.4 PDF – Fraudulent Permit Exercise and Answers

File name - B.3.6.4 PDF - Fraudulent Permit Exercise Answers.pdf

B: 3.6.5 Steps in verifying CITES Permits

This document combines the critical points in the lesson provided in B.3.6.2 and is formatted in a table to allow for easy reference for those tasked to verify CITES documents.

File name - B.3.6.5 Steps in verifying CITES permits - print.pdf

B: 3.6.6 Blank CITES Permit (sample)

This CITES permit sample is openly available on the CITES website: https://cites.org/sites/default/files/eng/res/12/E-Res-12-03R16-A2.pdfand is useful to give participants an idea of what a standard CITES permit could look like.

Note: Many CITES countries use this permit as a template but will make minor changes to their own country CITES permits (see B.3.6.7). If and when in doubt of the validity of a permit, encourage participants to check with their country’s CITES Management Authority.

File name - B.3.6.6 Blank CITES Permit (sample).pdf

B: 3.6.7 Scanned CITES Permit Examples

The two documents listed below are a compilation of several different types of CITES permits from different countries and are useful as reference.

File name - B.3.6.7 Scanned CITES Permit Example A.pdf

File name - B.3.6.7 Scanned CITES Permit Example B.pdf

B: 3.7 SPECIES IN TRADE (BASED ON TRAFFIC’S MARKET SURVEY RESULTS)

B: 3.7.1 Presentation – Species in Trade

The two presentations here illustrate what are found at markets from 2019 to 2021 by TRAFFIC, including wildlife traded alive or dead or as parts and derivatives. You can update this with latest information and photos in your country, highlighting the hotspots of illegal wildlife trade.

File name - B.3.7.1 Wildlife Species in Trade (TH market survey).pptx

File name - B.3.7.1 Wildlife Species in Trade (LA market survey).pptx

B: 3.8 SPECIES IDENTIFICATION

B: 3.8.1 Presentation – Species Identification

This presentation varies across countries. The resources (Picture guide and Identification guide, or other resources that have similar content) are essential in this session. Trainees can refer to the resources as the presenter talks about selected/relevant species.

Note: Adapt according to the region you deliver this training.

File name - B.3.8.1 Species ID - LA.pptx

File name - B.3.8.1 Species ID - TH.pptx

Resource: Picture Guide to Illegal Wildlife Parts and Products Commonly Found in Southeast Asia

Folder name – Picture Guides

Resource: Identification of Commonly Traded Wildlife (with a focus on the Golden Triangle)

Folder name – Identification of Commonly Traded Wildlife

B: 3.9 SMUGGLING TECHNIQUES

B: 3.9.1 Presentation – Smuggling Techniques

This session gives examples of how wildlife and wildlife parts and products are traded globally and in the region. Participants are shown several different examples of wildlife smuggling modus operandi (via air, land and sea) to give them an idea of how resourceful smugglers/traffickers can be.

Note: This resource can be updated/revised with specific localized smuggling/trafficking incidences of wildlife and wildlife parts and products in the region/country.

File name - B.3.9.1 Smuggling Techniques.pptx

B: 3.10 SURVIVAL AND RESCUE KNOTS

B: 3.10.1 Outline – Survival and Rescue Knots

Materials: Ropes and 550 Para cord

Trainees should have a basic knowledge of tying knots. The ability to tie the right knot for a particular task helps in accomplishing tasks at work. This might range from applying first aid, building shelters, constructing small bridges, crossing rivers or rock climbing. Learner should also know what knots are used for what purposes.

The learner must be able to tie the following knots and lashings:

• Reef knot

• Clove hitch

• Bowline

• Round turn and two half hitches

• Sheet bend and double sheet bend

This lesson is used to focus trainees as they start the day. It is a known fact that the first 10-15 minutes of the day, trainees do not pay attention. This lesson focuses not just on the skills of tying knots, but also encourages interaction between trainees. Trainees who are faster at learning could help others. This activity allows trainees to start the day with a feeling of success as they master new practical skills.

B: 3.10.2 Presentation – Survival and Rescue Knots

File name - B.3.10.2 BFC-12.8 Basic Survival Skills - Knots.pptx

Video support: BG Escape From Hell S01E06 0:00 – 01:22 (Shelter + Clove Hitch), 01:23 – 03:32

Flood in Brazil (importance of knowing what knots to use)

B: 3.11 SKETCH MAPS

B: 3.11.1 Outline – Sketch Maps

Materials: Notebooks, Maps, compasses, protractors, rulers, GPS, binoculars.

In this lesson, trainees will learn how to draw a sketch that shows enough detail and has enough accuracy to satisfy special tactical or administrative requirements.

Take trainees to different locations: a) Determine compasses error b) Correctly orientating maps c) Plot their positions d) 14 figure grid reference must be given e) The elevation must also be given for each point.

Trainees must point out the relevant topographical features such as saddle, valley, mountain, etc., on the map by reading the contours.

Trainees must also indicate the highest point shown on the map and must be able to identify map symbols pointed out to them. The sketch must indicate cardinal directions, have a scale and show contours. Indicate important features and have symbols the meaning of which must be indicated. Trainees also learn measurement methods depending on location of the evidence and where the crime scene sketches are for outdoor areas away from buildings, they are taught to use the Polar Coordinate method.

B: 3.11.2 Presentation – Sketch Maps

Law enforcement officers learn that the sketch maps are crucial to give directions, describe topography of an area to a senior officer, or be used in a presentation in court as evidence.

File name - B.3.11.2 BFC-07 Field Sketches.ppt

B: 3.11.3 Practical – Sketch Maps

The practical session for this lesson is the sketching of a crime scene, based on the crime scene photograph in the presentation (slide 21). Trainees should be able to draw a similar sketch like the one shown in slide 22.

B: 3.12 BRIEFING AND OPERATIONAL PLANNING

B: 3.12.1 Outline – Briefing and Operational Planning

Materials: Whiteboard, multimedia projector, flipchart and pens, Sand box, Model

In this lesson, trainees are taught the sequence of:

- A warning order is issued

- Order group (briefing) is held

- Preparation and planning takes place

- Execution

- Debriefing

- Patrol / operational report is submitted

B: 3.12.2 Presentation – Briefing and Operational Planning

All law enforcement officers need to know how to plan an operation and how to brief others on the content of that plan. This lesson covers all aspects of operations planning and how to brief others to successfully conduct the plan.

File name - B.3.12.2 BLE-15a Sample Briefing.pptx

B: 3.13 COMMUNICATIONS SKILLS

B: 3.13.1 Outline – Communications Skills

Materials: Paper, flipchart and pens

B: 3.13.2 Presentation – Communications Skills

The key point of this lesson is to learn how to effectively communicate with the target audiences (for e.g., travelers, communities and commercial sellers) with the aim of raising awareness of illegal wildlife trade, changing behaviours and reducing illegal wildlife trade. The lesson outlined the basic principles of strategic communications, identify motivations for the target groups to participate in illegal wildlife trade and find angles that might motivate a change in behaviour. It also outlined general best practices for designing communications strategies and materials, with relevant examples. The lesson also has a practical activity where trainees are tasked to design a strategic communications activity for a specific audience (Slide 23), and then present it to the group for feedback (Slide 24).

File name - B.3.13.2 PWEN comms training.pptx

B: 3.14 SEARCH TECHNIQUES

B: 3.14.1 Outline – Search Techniques

Materials: Mock Weapons/ammunition, Cameras and film, Radios/mobile phones, First aid kit, Torches and batteries, Notebooks, pens, Evidence bags, labels, Toolbox, pry bar, Mirror and pole

The keypoint of this lesson is to highlight that to search unlawfully or attempt to search without the proper authorization would lay the searcher open to criminal prosecution for assault or to civil action for damages. The trainee must make sure that he/she is operating within the legal framework. A search of property or premises shall be orderly conducted. Trainees are taught to be familiar with their country’s Criminal Procedures Code that usually clearly describes the powers of arrest, search, detention, interviewing and confiscation of property (for detention) that law enforcement officers are legally empowered with.

B:

3.14.2

Presentation – Search Techniques

Trainees are taught the correct methodology and preparation before they conduct a search; whether is would be of an individual (with due regards to human rights concerns), a vehicle (including how to set up safe a roadblock), a premises, or an open area.

File name - B.3.14.2 BLE-06 Searches and Roadblocks.ppt

B: 3.14.3

Practical – Search Techniques

In the practical session for this lesson, trainees have to put into practice what they have learnt in the lesson of searching. Mock scenes could be of either searching an individual or a vehicle or a premise, etc. The presenter would have to prepare before hand:

- a space to act as a premise for search: an extra person as the owner of the premise

- a vehicle for search: hide items (knife, mock-up of a dead animals, weapons, etc.) in various spots in the vehicle.

Note: Adapt accordingly and/or re-create your own crime scene.

B: 3.15 CRIME SCENE MANAGEMENT BLE-13

B: 3.15.1 Outline – Crime Scene Management

Materials:

A mock-up of a dead animal.

Footprints

Evidence to connect the poacher to the crime Rangers will be provided with:

Notebooks and pencil.

A4 graph paper

Compass or GPS

Camera, Surgical gloves. Plastic packets and a ball point pen to collect evidence. Plaster of Paris.

Tape measure 50 m

Trainees are taught how to approach crime scenes and plan for collecting evidence correctly. This lesson outlines the 10 steps to managing a crime scene.

B: 3.15.2 Presentation – Crime Scene Management

In line with the International Crime Scene Investigators Association guidelines, trainees will be taught the ten steps required to investigate a crime scene, with explanations and examples. From first finding the scene, photographing it, preparing sketches, evidence collection and packaging and maintaining chain of custody.

File name - B.3.15.2 BLE-13 Managing a Crime Scene.ppt

B: 3.15.3 Practical – Crime Scene Management

Assign roles to the demonstrating search team:

- Team Members;

- Team Leader: In charge, Does the searches, decides on crime scene boundaries and compiles the report

- Photographer: Takes crime scene photos and works with the evidence collector

- Evidence collection officer: “Bags and tags” evidence that can be removed from the scene. Takes samples, fingerprints, and DNA swabs

- Sketcher: Draws the crime scene sketches and maps

- Scouts/Guards: Help search the scene and then guard it

There must be one or two clear tracks.

The scenario is as follows: the rangers come upon the scene. They must secure the scene. A big thunderstorm is approaching so the patrol leader decides to collect and record all evidence and make an accurate sketch of the scene. The leader must decide on whether to try and protect the track from rain damage or to try and make a plaster cast.

The sketch of the poaching scene must be spatially accurate. North must be indicated on the sketch. All items of evidence indicated on the sketch must be numbered and must correspond with the numbers of items of evidence collected. There should be supporting diagrams, sketches and photographs. There should be a plaster cast of a track.

Resource: Wildlife Crime Scene Investigation Aide Memoire

File name - WCSI Aide-memoire EN.pdf