ETPL IoT -001
BSN-Care: A Secure IOT-based Modern Healthcare System Using Body Sensor Network
Advances in information and communication technologies have led to the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT). In the modern health care environment, the usage of IoT technologies brings convenience of physicians and patients, since they are applied to various medical areas (such as real-time monitoring, patient information management, and healthcare management). The body sensor network (BSN) technology is one of the core technologies of IoT developments in healthcare system, where a patient can be monitored using a collection of tiny-powered and lightweight wireless sensor nodes. However, the development of this new technology in healthcare applications without considering security makes patient privacy vulnerable. In this paper, at first, we highlight the major security requirements in BSN-based modern healthcare system. Subsequently, we propose a secure IoT-based healthcare system using BSN, called BSN-Care, which can efficiently accomplish those requirements.
ETPL IoT - 002
Multi-hop WBAN Construction for Healthcare IoT System
It is expected that the Internet of Things (IoT) applications for medical services can be one of the most remarkable solution for taking care of aging population which is in the rapid growth. IoT consists of communications and sensors to accomplish purpose. In the diverse kinds of networks, wireless body area network (WBAN) is a highly suitable communication tool for the medical IoT devices. There are many researches about WBAN and sensor network, which are mainly focused on energy efficiency. However, in this paper, we discuss more practical issues for implementation of WBAN to healthcare service. Therefore, we propose a multi-hop WBAN construction scheme that is consists of 4 operations, the clustered topology setup, mobility support, and transmission efficiency enhancement. As an auxiliary benefit, the proposed scheme achieves an energy efficient feature by reducing the number of total control messages. Extensive simulation shows that the proposed scheme remarkably improves the performance of WBAN.
ETPL IoT -003
Abandoned Object Detection via Temporal Consistency Modeling and Back-Tracing Verification for Visual Surveillance
This paper presents an effective approach for detecting abandoned luggage in surveillance videos. We combine short- and long-term background models to extract foreground objects, where each pixel in an input image is classified as a 2-bit code. Subsequently, we introduce a framework to identify static foreground regions based on the temporal transition of code patterns, and to determine whether the candidate regions contain abandoned objects by analyzing the back-traced trajectories of luggage owners. The experimental results obtained based on video images from 2006 Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance and 2007 Advanced Video and Signal-based Surveillance databases show that the proposed approach is effective for detecting abandoned luggage, and that it outperforms previous methods.
ETPL IoT - 004
Design and implementation of interoperable IoT healthcare system based on international standards
In Internet of Things (IoT) environment, IoT devices are limited to power supply, CPU capacity, memory, etc. and have a constrained network performance such as bandwidth, wireless channel, throughput, payload, etc., the resources of IoT devices however can be shared by other IoT devices. Specially, in IoT healthcare service, the way of management and interoperability of patient-related and device information are very important. In this paper, we propose the design and implementation of an IoT healthcare system using ISO/IEEE 11073 PHD (Personal Healthcare Device) and CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) standards in order to enhance the interoperability and reduce the data loss between the devices and measured information while in transmission. To demonstrate the proposed architecture, we implement comparative performance evaluation between HTTP and CoAP in terms of the number of packets in one transaction, the number of packets by data loss rate in during transmission and a syntax usage between XML and JSON.
ETPL IoT -005
Powering the IOT: Storage-less and converter less energy harvesting
Wide spread of Internet of Things (IoTs) still have huddles in cost and maintenance. Energy harvesting is a promising option to mitigate battery replacement, but the current energy harvesting methods still rely on batteries or equivalent and power converters for the maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Unfortunately, batteries are subject to wear and tear, which is a primary factor to prevent from being maintenance free. Power converters are expensive, heavy and lossy as well. In this paper, we introduce a novel energy harvesting and management technique to power the IoT, which does not require any long-term energy storages nor voltage converters unlike traditional energy harvesting systems. Extensive simulations and measurements from our prototype demonstrate that the proposed method harvests 8% more energy and extends the operation time of the device 60% more during a day. This paper also demonstrates a UV (ultraviolet) level meter for skin protect, named SmartPatch, using the proposed energy harvesting method. The proposed method is not limited to photovoltaic energy harvesting but applicable to most energy harvesting IoT power supplies that require impedance tracking.
ETPL IoT - 006
A conceptual framework for IoT-based healthcare system using cloud computing
Internet of Things (IoT) envisions a future in which anything/anyone/anyservice can be linked by means of appropriate information and communication technologies which will bring technological revolution in the fields of domestics, smart homes, healthcare systems, goods monitoring and logistics. This paper presents the applications of IoT and addresses some essential parameters and characteristics of each of the applications of IoT. In this paper, we have deeply explored the role of IoT in healthcare delivery and its technological aspects that make it a reality and examine the opportunities. A cloud based conceptual framework has been proposed which will be beneficial to the healthcare industry implementing IoT healthcare solutions.
ETPL IoT -007
Building smart cities applications using IoT and cloud-based architectures
The concept of a Smart City highlights the need to enhance quality, interconnection and performance of various urban services with the use of information and communication technologies (ICT). Smart City technologies promote cloud-based and Internet of Things (IoT) based services in which real-world user interfaces use smart phones, sensors and RFIDs. Cloud computing and IoT are presently two most important ICT models that are shaping the next generation of computing. Both concepts have major impact on how we build and deploy smart applications/solutions for smart cities. Cloud computing represents the delivery of hardware and software resources on demand over the Internet-as-a-service. On the other hand, IoT concept envisions a new generation of devices (sensors, both virtual and physical) that are connected to the Internet and provide different services for value-added applications. This paper addresses the convergent domain of cloud computing and IoT for any smart city application deployment. Dubai as a smart city is discussed with some application-based scenarios. An IoT-based healthcare framework is also proposed in the paper.
ETPL IoT - 008
Proximity Detection with RFID: A Step towards the Internet of Things
In the Internet of Things (IoT), things will be able to sense, communicate, and interact. They will also exchange data and information and locate themselves and other things that surround them. To interact, the things must recognize that they're in proximity of other things. It's anticipated that a widespread component of the IoT will be passive RFID tags, because they're inexpensive and provide automatic identification. However, passive RFID tags can't perform complex operations, such as proximity detection and localization. In this article, the authors describe existing problems with current RFID systems and survey potential solutions for proximity detection. They then present a new RFID device, called "Sense-a-Tag" (ST) that can passively detect and decode backscatter signals from tags in its proximity. The authors show that when STs are added to a standard RFID system, the problems of proximity detection in the IoT with RFID tags can readily be resolved. They demonstrate the feasibility of an ST-based RFID system through proximity detection experiments.
ETPL IoT - 009
Turning the internet of (My) Things into a remote controlled Laboratory
In this paper we use a locally developed adaptive watering system as an example of a remote controlled laboratory (RCL) developed with standard open hardware and using libraries taken from the e-lab. This experiment is a particular case that could benefit from a large number of RCLs proposing different water budget strategies, allowing the studies of the best controller algorithm to save water. The water consumption log can be monitored in real-time and served to any user as a distributed remote laboratory with support of a Raspberry PI and a web connection, using an open source Arduino board and custom made shield. The ultimate goal of RCLs will be achieved when anyone can easily publish their own experiment in the WWW.
ETPL IoT - 010
Effective ways to use Internet of Things in the field of medical and smart health care
The recent advancements in technology and the availability of the Internet make it possible to connect various devices that can communicate with each other and share data. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new concept that allows users to connect various sensors and smart devices to collect real-time data from the environment. However, it has been observed that a comprehensive platform is still missing in the e-Health and m-Health architectures to use smartphone sensors to sense and transmit important data related to a patient's health. In this paper, our contribution is twofold. Firstly, we critically evaluate the existing literature, which discusses the effective ways to deploy IoT in the field of medical and smart health care. Secondly, we propose a new semantic model for patients' e-Health. The proposed model named as `k-Healthcare' makes use of 4 layers; the sensor layer, the network layer, the Internet layer and the services layer. All layers cooperate with each other effectively and efficiently to provide a platform for accessing patients' health data using smart phones.
ETPL IoT - 011
Improving the security of wireless sensor networks in an IoT environmental monitoring system
The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a popular subject in the technology industry and will soon reach the popularity level of smartphones. With the rapid technological advancements of sensors, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has become the main technology for IoT. We investigated the security of WSNs in an environmental monitoring system with the goal to improve the overall security. We implemented a Secure Temperature Monitoring System (STMS), which served as our investigational environment. Our results revealed a security flaw found in the bootstrap loader (BSL) password used to protect firmware found in the MSP430 MCU. We demonstrated how the BSL password could be brute forced in a matter of days. Furthermore, to our knowledge we illustrated the first sample of how an attacker can reverse engineer firmware and obtain WSN cryptographic keys. Our sample provides a step-by-step procedure on how to reverse engineer MSP430 firmware. We contributed a solution to improve the BSL password and better protect firmware found in the MSP430 chips. The Secure-BSL software we contributed allows the randomization of the BSL password. Our solution guarantees brute force times in a matter of decades. The impractical brute force time assures the security of firmware and prevents future reverse engineering tactics. In addition, our Secure-BSL software supports two-factor authentication, therefore adding another layer of security. The two-factor authentication feature allows developers to specify a user-defined passphrase to further protect the MSP430 MCU. Our research serves as proof that any security implemented in a WSN environment is broken if an attacker has access to firmware found in sensor devices.
ETPL IoT - 012
Towards programmable and scalable IoT infrastructures for smart cities
Smart cities applications and infrastructures are actively being developed and rolled out. However, maintenance complexity is significant, often limiting deployments to small regions or small cities. To support gradual or spontaneous infrastructure scaling at region or national levels, infrastructure management that monitors end device connectivity and ensures overall IoT communication reliability becomes key. This article describes a method using intercontinental research facilities that programmatically manages smart devices and their communication with the ultimate aim to elastically deploy IoT servers in the cloud. Implementation details and experimental results of real devices are included.
ETPL IoT - 013
Development of IoT based smart security and monitoring devices for agriculture
Agriculture sector being the backbone of the Indian economy deserves security. Security not in terms of resources only but also agricultural products needs security and protection at very initial stage, like protection from attacks of rodents or insects, in fields or grain stores. Such challenges should also be taken into consideration. Security systems which are being used now a days are not smart enough to provide real time notification after sensing the problem. The integration of traditional methodology with latest technologies as Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks can lead to agricultural modernization. Keeping this scenario in our mind we have designed, tested and analysed an 'Internet of Things' based device which is capable of analysing the sensed information and then transmitting it to the user. This device can be controlled and monitored from remote location and it can be implemented in agricultural fields, grain stores and cold stores for security purpose. This paper is oriented to accentuate the methods to solve such problems like identification of rodents, threats to crops and delivering real time notification based on information analysis and processing without human intervention. In this device, mentioned sensors and electronic devices are integrated using Python scripts. Based on attempted test cases, we were able to achieve success in 84.8% test cases.
ETPL IoT - 014
Interoperability of IoT wireless technologies in ambient assisted living environments
With development of technologies and industry, our living becomes more comfortable. However, a problem of today's world is population aging. Over last decades the number of older people has been increasing. The goal of many researches is to enable elderly people to live independently. The ambient assisted living encompasses technical systems, infrastructures, and services to support elderly people in their daily routine and to allow an independent and safe lifestyle as long as possible. One of those projects is eWALL project. IoT is a concept that is used in these projects and it represents the connections between humans and smart objects that are part of this environments. In these kinds of smart environments, different technologies are used for communication. These technologies are: WiFi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy and ZigBee. The goal of this work is to show possible problems in coexistence of above mentioned technologies. Also, cognitive radio is considered as a solution for interference problem caused by coexistence of different technologies in home environment.
ETPL IoT - 015
Attendance generating system using RFID and GSM
In this paper, we propose a new model for parent alerting and automatic attendance marking using of RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication). This system will enable automated and reliable attendance, informing parents and school administration about the same. For implementing this system each student and professor will be having a unique RFID card. A micro controller is attached to the classroom door which is used to match the RFID of the student with the RFID present in the database. If they are match the door will open. This is done by using a GSM module.
ETPL IoT - 016
Building smart cities applications using IoT and cloud-based architectures
The concept of a Smart City highlights the need to enhance quality, interconnection and performance of various urban services with the use of information and communication technologies (ICT). Smart City technologies promote cloud-based and Internet of Things (IoT) based services in which real-world user interfaces use smart phones, sensors and RFIDs. Cloud computing and IoT are presently two most important ICT models that are shaping the next generation of computing. Both concepts have major impact on how we build and deploy smart applications/solutions for smart cities. Cloud computing represents the delivery of hardware and software resources on demand over the Internet-as-a-service. On the other hand, IoT concept envisions a new generation of devices (sensors, both virtual and physical) that are connected to the Internet and provide different services for value-added applications. This paper addresses the convergent domain of cloud computing and IoT for any smart city application deployment. Dubai as a smart city is discussed with some application-based scenarios. An IoT-based healthcare framework is also proposed in the paper.
ETPL IoT - 017
An IOT by information retrieval approach: Smart lights controlled using WiFi
In recent years, the rapid development of Internet of Technology (IOT) makes the intelligent home come true as people expect. The intelligent home system creates the more comfortable, safer, humane and intelligent living environment. It can resolve the problems facing by the people who have busy schedules and get a very less amount of time to spend at home which is increasing rapidly around the world. For the solution of this problem, user can depend on the automated machines and gadgets like smart phones. These smart gadgets are using cloud computing which sends and receives signal o the cloud. The data that is of our use can be fetched by matching some key values using the concept of information retrieval. The key objective of this paper is to create a full-fledged application which could let user to operate the lights of their house from any remote location. The user have a list of options to select which light is to be on and when. The only requirement is to have working Wi-Fi at home to which the lights are connected. The developed in Lua Language by using the Esplorer Integrated Development Environment (IDE). We have also used the micro controller chip ESP 8266 to build our board.
ETPL IoT - 018
Software-defined wireless communications and positioning device for IoT development
The rapid progress in electronics, sensing, actuation, signal processing, and communication networking has spurred emergence of new technologies like Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, we report our work on a multi-function IoT (MioT) platform. The MioT supports multiple wireless waveforms that can be used for long as well as short range and beyond-line-of-sight environments and an IEEE 802.15.4 ultra-wide band (UWB) waveform for accurate and precise RF-positioning system in harsh wireless environments, e.g., indoor and industrial environments. With the MioT a library of software APIs are provided to configure different parameters of the device through the USB interface. Besides, USB can also be used to transfer data from host to the MioT and vice-versa. Using the MioT we develop a flexible implementation of the DMR access technology. This implementation is used to provide a robust long-range link for robotic command and control and for cognitive management of WiFi meshnetworks in a project for robotic-assisted search and rescue operations in disaster areas. We also report our preliminary results on RF-ranging based on the UWB waveform.
ETPL IoT - 019
Internet of Mobile Things: Mobility-Driven Challenges, Designs and Implementations
Smart environments such as smart grid, smart transportation, smart buildings are upon us because of major advances in sensor, communication, cloud and other cyber-physical system technologies. The collective name for interconnected sensors, placed on "things" within fixed cyber-physical infrastructures, is Internet of Things (IoT). IoT enables cities and rural areas to become smarter and to offer new digital services and functions to diverse groups of users. However, IoT often represents interconnection of static things, which are built-in into the physical infrastructures of users' homes, offices, roads and other physical and critical infrastructures. In this paper, we analyze things that are mobile, and explore the space of Internet of Mobile Things (IoMT). Mobility of digital devices such as phones and vehicles has been with us for some time, but as the number of sensors in mobile devices increases, the density of mobile devices increases, and users' reliance on mobile devices increases, mobile things become very much an integral fabric of our smart environment. In this paper, our goal is to discuss challenges, selective designs and implementations of IoMT. We show the impact of mobility and the care we collectively have to take when designing the next generation of smart environments with mobile things in them.
ETPL IoT - 020
Efficient embedded learning for IoT devices
The pervasiveness of IoT devices will usher an unprecedented growth in the amount of digital data produced and consumed. Realizing the rich class of applications enabled by IoT devices requires largescale machine learning systems to analyze, organize and draw inferences from data. State-of-the-art machine learning algorithms are highly compute and data intensive, posing significant computational challenges across the spectrum of computing devices, from low-power client devices to the cloud. As benefits due to semiconductor technology scaling diminish, addressing the computational gap requires identifying new sources of computing efficiency. We highlight 3 approaches viz. machine learning accelerators, approximate computing and post-CMOS technologies that demonstrate significant promise in bridging the efficiency gap. Such technologies may be instrumental in enabling machine learning based IoT applications to enter the mainstream.
ETPL IoT - 021
Connected Smart Cities: Interoperability with SEG 3.0 for the Internet of Things
The Internet of Things (IoT) is driving the technology and advances of the Internet and every day it is becoming more popular to talk about IoT systems in multiple domains: Smart Cities, Agriculture, and Industrial Internet, etc. Increasingly, IoT systems will need to interact and be interconnected for offering the always-promoted everything-connected paradigm. Current IoT systems rely on semantic web technologies for integrating data and ensure web services interoperability. However there are yet a gap to ensure semantic interoperability among IoT systems. Most of the existing proposed (open) approaches and solutions lack on formal methodologies for interoperability in technology and standard format of the data. We studied and analyzed most available semantic-based IoT approaches to identify the main requirements hindering IoT semantic interoperability. In this paper, we present SEG 3.0 a methodology to federate, unify and provide semantic interoperability. SEG 3.0 emerges from methodologies for ontology engineering and the idea of unification and federated systems. We propose SEG 3.0 and apply it to Internet of Things (IoT) and particularly on use cases for smart cities as proof of concept. Firstly, we define characteristics required for the methodology. Secondly, we describe the processes and the different formal steps. Thirdly, we provide a proof of concept framework and architecture applying this methodology, thus the benefits of using SEG 3.0 methodology in IoT domains are described. Finally, we demonstrate that the SEG 3.0 methodology is applied to three use cases: (1) the M3 framework to assist developers in designing semantic-based IoT applications, (2) the VITAL EU project for smart cities, and (3) the FIESTA-IoT EU project for IoT semantic interoperability. SEG 3.0 is a formal methodology generic enough to be applied to other domains than IoT and smart cities, since the main benefit of the SEG 3.0 is integrating heterogeneous data and adding value to it - o build innovative applications.
ETPL IoT - 022
A review of connectivity challenges in IoT-smart home
The Internet of Things with its enormous growth widens its applications to the living environment of the people by changing a home to smart home. Smart home is a connected home that connects all type of digital devices to communicate each other through the internet. These devices form a home area network where communications are enabled by different protocols. As these devices are designed by different companies with different standards and technologies there is a problem exists in their connectivity. This paper aims at describing the wireless standards used in home network and how these protocols face the connectivity challenges in the smart home network.
ETPL IoT - 023
An IoT based system for remote patient monitoring
Following a surgical procedure, patients are monitored in an ICU until physically stable, after which are discharged to a ward for further evaluation and recovery. Usually, ward evaluation does not imply continuous physiological parameters monitoring and therefore patient relapse is not uncommon. The present paper describes the steps taken to design and build a low-cost modular monitoring system prototype. This system aims to offer mobile support in order to facilitate faster and better medical interventions in emergency cases and has been developed using low-power dedicated sensor arrays for EKG, SpO2, temperature and movement. The interfaces for these sensors have been developed according to the IoT model: a central control unit exposes a RESTful based Web interface that ensures a platform agnostic behaviour and provides a flexible mechanism to integrate new components.
ETPL IoT - 024
ECG signal analysis and arrhythmia detection on IoT wearable medical devices
Healthcare is one of the most rapidly expanding application areas of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. IoT devices can be used to enable remote health monitoring of patients with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this paper we develop an algorithm for ECG analysis and classification for heartbeat diagnosis, and implement it on an IoT-based embedded platform. This algorithm is our proposal for a wearable ECG diagnosis device, suitable for 24-hour continuous monitoring of the patient. We use Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) for the ECG analysis, and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The best classification accuracy achieved is 98.9%, for a feature vector of size 18, and 2493 support vectors. Different implementations of the algorithm on the Galileo board, help demonstrate that the computational cost is such, that the ECG analysis and classification can be performed in real-time.
ETPL IoT - 025
An Indoor Location-Aware System for an IoT-Based Smart Museum
The new technologies characterizing the Internet of Things (IoT) allow realizing real smart environments able to provide advanced services to the users. Recently, these smart environments are also being exploited to renovate the users' interest on the cultural heritage, by guaranteeing real interactive cultural experiences. In this paper, we design and validate an indoor location-aware architecture able to enhance the user experience in a museum. In particular, the proposed system relies on a wearable device that combines image recognition and localization capabilities to automatically provide the users with cultural contents related to the observed artworks. The localization information is obtained by a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) infrastructure installed in the museum. Moreover, the system interacts with the Cloud to store multimedia contents produced by the user and to share environment-generated events on his/her social networks. Finally, several location-aware services, running in the system, control the environment status also according to users' movements. These services interact with physical devices through a multiprotocol middleware. The system has been designed to be easily extensible to other IoT technologies and its effectiveness has been evaluated in the MUST museum, Lecce, Italy.
ETPL IoT - 026
A conceptual framework for IoT-based healthcare system using cloud computing
Internet of Things (IoT) envisions a future in which anything/anyone/anyservice can be linked by means of appropriate information and communication technologies which will bring technological revolution in the fields of domestics, smart homes, healthcare systems, goods monitoring and logistics. This paper presents the applications of IoT and addresses some essential parameters and characteristics of each of the applications of IoT. In this paper, we have deeply explored the role of IoT in healthcare delivery and its technological aspects that make it a reality and examine the opportunities. A cloud based conceptual framework has been proposed which will be beneficial to the healthcare industry implementing IoT healthcare solutions.
ETPL IoT - 027
Performance evaluation of IoT protocols under a constrained wireless access network
One of the challenges faced by today's Internet of Things (IoT) is to efficiently support machine-tomachine communication, given that the remote sensors and the gateway devices are connected through low bandwidth, unreliable, or intermittent wireless communication links. In this paper, we quantitatively compare the performance of IoT protocols, namely MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport), CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol), DDS (Data Distribution Service) and a custom UDP-based protocol in a medical setting. The performance of the protocols was evaluated using a network emulator, allowing us to emulate a low bandwidth, high system latency, and high packet loss wireless access network. This paper reports the observed performance of the protocols and arrives at the conclusion that although DDS results in higher bandwidth usage than MQTT, its superior performance with regard to data latency and reliability makes it an attractive choice for medical IoT applications and beyond.
ETPL IoT - 028
IoT based Interactive Industrial Home wireless system, Energy management system and embedded data acquisition system
The Concepts of Internet of Things (IoT) are applied to a number of applications ranging from home automation to industrial IoT, Where connecting physical things, from anywhere through a network. Let them take an active part in the Internet, exchanging information about themselves and their surroundings. This will give immediate access to information about the physical world and the objects in it leading to innovative services and increase in efficiency and productivity. The proposal of system is to develop an IoT based Interactive Industrial Home wireless system, Energy management system and embedded data acquisition system to display on web page using GPRS, SMS & E-mail alert. This device is essential for sensor data collection and controlling of the industrial Home Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in the Internet of Things (IoT) environment. It is planned to style a re-configurable sensible device interface for industrial WSN in IoT atmosphere, during which ARM is adopted as the core controller. Thus, it will scan information in parallel and in real time with high speed on multiple completely different device information. Intelligent device interface specification is adopted for this style. The device is combined with the most recent ARM programmable technology and intelligent device specification. By detecting the values of sensors it can be easily find out the Temperature, Smoke, and Fire present in the industrial environment on the Website and we can handle any situation from anywhere in the world through IOT. So that critical situation can be avoided and preventive measures are successfully implemented.
ETPL IoT - 029
A Study on Device Security in IoT Convergence
IoT(Internet of Things) is global infrastructure that enables any object to communicate. The term IoT is being widely used and that technologies are being applied to various areas. IoT technologies is expected to increase many services' convenience, expandability, accessibility and interoperability, but existing ICT environment could be exposed new security threats due to increased openness and IoT device's specialty. Actually, IoT devices' vulnerabilities and exploits are reported. If attacks on IoT devices succeed, it can cause much damage over the various areas. Therefore, we categorize IoT devices and examines threats of each category. Finally we deduct security requirements of IoT devices.
ETPL IoT - 030
An IoT Testbed for the Software Defined City Vision: The #SmartMe Project
To kick-start the process of morphing Messina into a "smart" city, an explicit mission for the crowd funded #Smart ME project, it is essential to set up an infrastructure of smart devices embedding sensors and actuators, to be scattered all over the urban area. A horizontal framework coupled with the Fog computing approach, by moving logic toward the "extreme" edge of the Internet where data needs to be quickly elaborated, decisions made, and actions performed, is a suitable solution for data- intensive services with time-bound constraints as those usually required by citizens. This is especially true in the context of IoT and Smart City where thousands of smart objects, vehicles, mobiles, and people interact to provide innovative services. We thus designed Stack4Things as an Open Stack-based framework spanning the Infrastructure-as-a-Service and Platform-as-a-Service layers. We present some of the core Stack4Things functionalities implementing a Fog computing approach towards a run- time "rewire able" Smart City paradigm, by outlining node management and contextualization mechanisms, also describing its usage in terms of already supported and developed verticals, as well as a specific example related to environmental data collection through #Smart ME.