Siting and Design Guidelines for EVSE by WXY architecture + urban design

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT

Prepared for: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority and Transportation and Climate Initiative Prepared by: WXY Architecture + Urban Design With support from: Energetics Incorporated November 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Overview Charging Basics Levels of Charge

1 2 3

SITE SELECTION AND DESIGN Site Selection Site Design Elements EVSE Interfaces Network Interface Urban Interface Power Interface Parking Interface EVSE Interface

4 5 5 6 8 9 10 12

SIGNAGE AND WAYFINDING Regulatory Wayfinding

14 15

INSTALLATION CONTEXTS Implementation Considerations Commercial Multi-Unit Residential On-Street Service Station Fleet

16 18 21 23 25 27

RESOURCES

NOTICE This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Award Number #DE-EE0005586. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government, the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority and the State of New York. Neither the United States Government, the State of New York nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the United States Government, the State of New York or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Information and documents published under the name of the Transportation and Climate Initiative (TCI) represent work produced in support of the TCI or its projects. TCI materials do not necessarily reflect the positions of individual jurisdictions or agencies unless explicitly stated. TCI is a collaboration of the transportation, energy and environment agencies from the 11 Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states and Washington, DC, focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector. Jurisdictions participating in this TCI project are Connecticut, Delaware, DC, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Vermont. Clean Cities Coalitions from the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions are working with the TCI states on this project through the Northeast Electric Vehicle Network. This document was commissioned by TCI, and was developed as part of the Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) Support project awarded under NYSERDA Program Opportunity Notice (PON) 2392 to Energetics Incorporated. The research, interviews and analysis in this report were performed by WXY Architecture + Urban Design (Project team Adam Lubinsky, Jennifer Gardner, Paul Salama, Stephanie Koltun and Justine Ala), with support from Energetics Incorporated. The authors would also like to acknowledge the support of Steve Schey, Rob Russo, Tom Jacobson, Paul Heitmann from ECOtality, Gustavo Collantes and Mark Stout. vi

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW Overview Charging Basics Levels of Charge

Charging stations are the point of connection to the electrical grid for electric vehicles (EVs), and the point of power for EV drivers. With the anticipated growth of EVs as a widespread transportation choice, the incorporation of electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) will become a critical element of city and town planning and designing from a master plan for site-specific installation. EVSE is a new infrastructure typology. Unlike traditional fueling stations for gas engine vehicles, EVSE lets drivers charge up at home, at work and countless places in between. In fact, this is one of the central value propositions behind EVs—the ability to charge from the grid anytime, anywhere. Estimates suggest that approximately 80%–90% of charging occurs at home, and nearly all of those homes are of the single-family variety. These design guidelines focus on the other 10%–20% of charging—multi-unit dwellings; publiclyaccessible locations such as downtown lots, on-street spaces, and highway stops; and private locations including offices and fleet depots—which are critical to establishing a full network of charging options. Expanding the infrastructure network will help make EVs a viable option for all drivers, even those without garages. The benefits come from extended infrastructure networks that are consistent, accessible and easy to use from place to place. EVSE deployment depends on cooperation, a process in which municipalities, the development community and the EV industry will all play leading roles. The purpose of these design guidelines is to identify and diagram key siting and design issues that are relevant to local governments as well as developers, homeowners, businesses, utility providers and other organizations interested in best practices for EVSE implementation.

The guidelines are organized into two main sections. ELEMENTS OF SITE DESIGN Site-level planning creates the user and public interface for EV charging. Critical factors in early EVSE deployment include the following: • Accessibility and ease of use • Visibility • Safety for installers, users and the public The guidelines explore communication networks, connection to the grid and user interface, as well as considerations that range from the parking spot up to the urban scale. Every site is unique. These guidelines set out a framework for analyzing site conditions, typical issues and for locating additional resources. INSTALLATION SCENARIOS These guidelines present analysis and site design solutions that approach these considerations from the perspective of installation scenarios. Surface lots, on-street parking, parking decks or garages, in-transit and trucking applications comprise the primary installation scenarios that, collectively, cover a majority of potential EVSE applications. Siting and installation of EVSE will depend on a number of considerations, including: proximity to power supply, parking space size and orientation, pedestrian traffic, lighting and visibility. Many of these considerations are not yet standardized in terms of functionality, and others fall outside the realm of the standards and codes system, such as aesthetics. Each EVSE installation will be different, so these guidelines takes the important step of establishing baseline considerations that are predicated on a typology of sites.

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

CHARGING BASICS EVSE COMPONENTS EVSE delivers electrical energy from the power source to the EV, and ensures that an appropriate and safe flow of electricity is supplied to the vehicle. EVSE is the main interface between user, vehicle and utility. BATTERIES Most EVs use lithium-ion batteries for their relatively good power performance, energy storage density, rapid charge capability and long life span. The size and energy density of batteries will greatly impact the future of EV range, functionality and consumer cost. As storage capacity increases—and as battery size and weight decrease—charging times and driving distance will change according to new technology. CHARGING STATION There are currently three categories of charging stations, which correspond to the three levels of charge detailed in the diagram on the following page. The charging station acts as the point of transfer from grid to vehicle, and for level 2 and up contains network communications, utility communications and monitoring, payment interface and, oftentimes, user information opportunities, such as advertising screens. The majority of the charging operation actually occurs inside the vehicle’s on-board charger, where the conversion from alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) takes place at charging levels 1 and 2, and the battery charge is regulated.

CONNECTORS AND CORD SETS Most EVs and EVSE use the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J1772 connector and receptacle that is standard for both level 1 and 2 charging equipment. Nearly all EVs come equipped with a portable level 1 cord that can plug into a typical wall outlet. Standardization in this area is an ongoing issue for DC fast charging. Almost all current DC fast charge EVSE in the US use the CHAdeMO connector, developed in Japan and used by Japanese EVs like the Nissan LEAF and Mitsubishi iMiEV, allows vehicles to connect to DC fast chargers. In October 2012 the SAE finalized the standard for a “hybrid” connector, which allows all charging to occur through a single receptacle on the EV. American auto manufacturers are expected to begin installing in vehicles beginning in 2013. The National Electrical Code (NEC) requires that cords be no longer than 25 feet, unless the charging station is equipped with a retraction or other cord control device. However, experienced installers recommend site design that will require no more than 3-5 feet of cord distance from vehicle to charging station or outlet to minimize tripping hazards.

IMAGE 1. FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: J1772 CONNECTOR AND J1772 DC FAST CHARGER (DCFC) COMBO CONNECTOR

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

LEVELS OF CHARGE: DIAGRAMS AND ATTRIBUTES

8–20+ HOURS CHARGE TIME

LEVEL 1 LVL 1 120V AC

(12 [amperage] amps)

ATTRIBUTES: • A standard outlet can potentially fully recharge an EV battery in 8–12 hours, though larger batteries, such as on the Tesla Model S, would require between 1 and 2 days • This level is often sufficient for overnight, home charging • Standard outlets can also provide an option for “peace of mind” charging using onboard equipment on the go • Uses standard J1772 coupler • In-vehicle power conversion LEVEL 2 LVL 2 240V AC (15–30 amps)

ATTRIBUTES: • Free-standing or hanging charging station units mediate the connection between power outlets and vehicles • Requires installation of charging equipment and often a dedicated 20–80 amp circuit, and may require utility upgrades • Well-suited for inside and outside locations, where cars park for only several hours at a time, or when homeowners seek added flexibility of use and a faster recharge • The public charging network will comprise primarily level 2 charging stations • Public context requires additional design features, such as payment and provider network interfaces or reservation systems • Uses standard J1772 coupler • In-vehicle power conversion, charging speed limited by the onboard charger DC FAST CHARGE 480– 600V

FAST CHARGER

(120 amps)

4–8 HOURS CHARGE TIME

30 MINUTES CHARGE TIME

ATTRIBUTES • Free-standing units, often higher profile • Enable rapid charging of EV battery to 80% capacity in as little as 30 minutes • Electrical conversion occurs in EVSE unit itself • Relatively high cost compared to level 2 chargers, but new units on the market are more competitively priced • Draws large amounts of electrical current, requires utility upgrades and dedicated circuits • Beneficial in heavy-use transit corridors or public fueling stations • Standard J1772 “combo” coupler approved in October 2012 SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

SITE SELECTION AND DESIGN

SITE SELECTION

Site Selection Connection to Power Networks and Communications Existing Infrastructure EVSE Interfaces

Selecting a site for EVSE installation will likely require consideration of a combination of factors. While every site is unique and every EVSE host has priorities for installation, common physical elements characterize every EVSE site design.

a driver’s charge is complete. Complications for network connections arise in garages, where repeaters may need to be installed in order to guarantee network signals. Potential installation sites should be assessed for their network connection ability.

Site Design Elements Installation Access Operation

CONNECTION TO POWER When installing EVSE or EVSE-ready wiring, a dedicated circuit may be required or optimal. This can be added to an existing panel, or planned for in new construction. Dedicated circuits may require a new conduit, in addition to the conduit running from the panel to the EVSE’s location. Costs rise as cable length increases due to the installation costs of construction and trenching. Experienced installers recommend not exceeding 25 feet of conduit from panel to EVSE site, but this will vary widely.

EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE Construction costs are the number one driver of added expense for EVSE, and the cost differential depends on the work required. Existing elements such as landscaping, walkways, curb cuts and other structural elements should be considered in an EVSE site plan. These elements add costs for removal or relocation, in addition to acting as barriers to accessible charging. Trenching, curb cuts and drilling through hardscaping or structural elements to add new conduits to connect EVSE to power sources can also be cost prohibitive. When possible, consider trenching through landscaping, although the EVSE should always be mounted on a concrete or other hard surface pad and protected from traffic.

Most facilities have accessible 120V circuits sufficient to power level 1 EVSE. Level 2 charging requires 208-240 volts and at least 15-30 amps. Many jurisdictions require or recommend a dedicated branch circuit for level 2 charging. The existing electrical panel in most installations, especially older structures constructed prior to 1960, will not have the system capacity to handle large and continuous loads. While level 2 EVSE is similar to other household appliances like clothes dryers, the continuous nature of the load may be a burden on the system. Installation of dedicated branch circuits/new panels may reduce safety risk and assist with peak load management in scenarios with multiple charging vehicles. NETWORKS AND COMMUNICATIONS Most public EVSE will contain an advanced metering system and link to a network that tracks usage, bills customers and manages electrical loads. Some EVSE will connect to telecommunications networks using wi-fi, Ethernet or cellular connections. This type of communication is especially important for managing user messaging and other technology advances that regulate information about available charging stations and when

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

EVSE INTERFACES Each of the broad-based considerations discussed above impacts planning at multiple scales. Interfaces—points of interaction—set up actors, relationships and decision making, determining specifics of EVSE site design and implementation strategies. The following sections diagram site design components and relationships governing installation, use and maintenance from different points of reference, including: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Network Interface (page 6) Urban Interface (page 8) Power Interface (page 9) Parking Interface (page10) EVSE Interface (page12)

MOUNTING APPROACH ACCESSIBILITY PARKING SPACE LOCATION WEATHER SIGNAGE SPACE LOCATION SPACE ORIENTATIONPARKING TYPE OF ESVE SIGNAGE LOCATION OF PORTPARKING ON VEHICLE ACCESSIBILITY TYPE OF ESVE TECHNOLOGY SIGNAGE EVSE PROTECTION TYPE OF ESVETRAFFIC LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC PEDESTRIAN VISIBILITY WEATHER MOUNTING APPROACH PARKING SPACE LOCATION LOCATION EVSE PROTECTION OF PORTPEDESTRIAN ON VEHICLE SITE DESIGN ELEMENTS EVSE PROTECTION WEATHER CONNECTORS SPACE SIZE TRAFFIC SIGNAGE CONNECTORS SPACE SIZE EVSE PROTECTIONLIGHTING OBSTACLES/HAZARDS OBSTACLES/HAZARDS CONNECTORS INSTALLATION ACCESS OPERATION MOUNTING APPROACH LIGHTING ACCESSIBILITY These site design elements are considerAccessibility has many aspects and These LOCATION OF PORT ONelements VEHICLE of site design relate to VISIBILITY ations for initial site planning and design. includes wireless connections to VISIBILITY comday-to-day use of the EVSE as well as OBSTACLES/HAZARDS TYPE OF ESVE MOUNTING APPROACH SLOPED PARKING SPAC LENGTH CHARGING TIME TheyOF contribute to costs and determine what munications networks, as well as access long-term goals of hosts and operators. EVSE PROTECTION MOUNTING APPROACH SPACE SIZE SLOPED PARKING SPACES WATER POOLING WATER POOLING type of EVSE to install. to buildings. These site design elements LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME WEATHER METERING relate to the user experience. PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC TIME LENGTH OF CHARGING SPACE METERING TYPE OFSIZE ESVE WATER POOLING ACCESSIBILITY LIGHTING WEATHER PARKING SPACE ORIENT ACCESSIBILITY CONNECTORS TYPE OF PARKING ESVE PARKINGCONNECTION SPACE ORIENTATION SLOPED SPACES HOST-OPERATOR AGREEMENTS CHARGE NETWORK WEATHER TECHNOLOGY TYPE OFLEVEL ESVE VISIBILITY ON-STREET TRAFFIC ON-STREET TRAFFIC OBSTACLES/HAZARDS SLOPED PARKING SPACES TECHNOLOGY MOUNTING APPROACH CONNECTORS PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC PARKING SPACE LOCAT ON-STREET TRAFFIC METERING VISIBILITY PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC PARKING SPACE LOCATION MOUNTING APPROACH LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION MOUNTING APPROACH CONNECTORS SIGNAGEPOOLING WEATHER ACCESSIBILITY VISIBILITY VISIBILITY WATER PROXIMITY TO ACCESSIBILITY PROXIMITY TOPOWER POWER SOURCE PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE CONNECTORS PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION SIGNAGE MOUNTING APPROACH OBSTACLES/HAZARDS TYPE OF ESVE LOCATION PORT ON LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME OFTO TECHNOLOGY OBSTACLES/HAZARDS PROXIMITY POWER ACCESSIBILITY LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE PARKING SPACE LOCATION VISIBILITY EVSE PROTECTION TYPE OF ESVE LIGHTING MOUNTING APPROACH PROXIMITY TO TRAFFIC TRAFFIC LOCATION IN LOTLOCATION CHARGING TIME TYPE OFOF ESVE ACCESSIBILITY PEDESTRIAN PARKING SPACE MOUNTING APPROACH PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR EVSE PROTECTIONLENGTH ON-STREET TRAFFIC LENGTHSIZE OF CHARGING TIME SPACE WATER POOLING TYPE OF ESVE WATER POOLING SIGNAGE CONNECTORS PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC PROXIMITY TO ELEVAT LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE ACCESSIBILITY SIZE PROXIMITY OBSTACLES/HAZARDS PEDESTRIAN LOCATION PORTSPACE ON VEHICLE PROXIMITY BUILDING PROXIMITYTOTOBUILDING BUILDING METERING CONNECTORS NUMBER OFTO CORD SETS CONNECTORS METERING OFTRAFFIC PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE SLOPED PARKING SPACES ENTRANCE LIGHTING EVSE TYPE OF ESVE ENTRANCE ENTRANCE ON-STREET TRAFFIC EVSE PROTECTION CONNECTORS PROXIMITY TO BUILDIN EVSE OBSTACLES/HAZARDS ON-STREET TRAFFIC LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME ENTRANCE WATER POOLING SPACE SIZE TRAFFIC PEDESTRIAN SLOPED PARKING SPAC WEATHER OBSTACLES/HAZARDS TECHNOLOGY PARKING SPACE DIMENSIONS LENGTH OF STAY PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION LIGHTING LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME ! WEATHER PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME METERING CONNECTORS PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE WATER POOLING ! PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME OBSTACLES/HAZARDS WATER POOLING PARKING SLOPED PARKING EVSE SPACES SPACE ORIENT SPACE SIZE SIGNAGE VISIBILITY ON-STREET TRAFFIC PARKING SPACE LOCATION ENVIRONMENTAL EVSE PROXIMITY TO BUILDING LIGHTING FUTURE-PROOFING LIGHTING WEATHER VISIBILITY MOUNTING APPROACH TECHNOLOGY METERING CONDITIONS ENTRANCE PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR MOUNTING APPROACH LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME WEATHER ON-STREET TRAFFIC PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR WATER POOLING PARKING SPACE LOCAT PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION EVSE SLOPED PARKING SPAC EVSE PROTECTION ON-STREET TRAFFIC ACCESSIBILITY PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY SIGNAGE AND WAYFINDING SIGNAGE VISIBILITY TECHNOLOGY METERING ACCESSIBILITY EVSE TYPE OF ESVE PROXIMITY TO BUILDING VISIBILITY BUILDING EVSE PROXIMITY TO POWER ENTRANCE TYPE OF ESVE PARKING SPACE LOCATION LOCATION OF PORT ON ! SOURCE MOUNTING APPROACH PARKING SPACE ORIEN ENTRANCE ON-STREET TRAFFIC PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR SIGNAGE EVSE PROTECTION HAZARDS PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC TECHNOLOGY ACCESSIBILITY PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC ! EVSE ! CONNECTORS ACCESSIBILITY PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE PARKING SPACE LOCAT CONNECTORS PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE EVSE OBSTACLES/HAZARDS TYPE OF ESVE PROXIMITY TO BUILDING PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR EVSE SIGNAGE EVSE PROTECTION OBSTACLES/HAZARDS PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC ENTRANCE EVSE WEATHER PROXIMITY PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC EVSE LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME TO BUILDING LOCATION OF PORT ON WATER POOLING 5 ENTRANCE LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE) PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR PROXIMITY TO BUILDING EVSE CONNECTORS WATER POOLING EVSE PROTECTION OBSTACLES/HAZARDS WEATHER ENTRANCE MOUNTING APPROACH SIGNAGE

METERING ACCESSIBILITY

TECHNOLOGY

SPECIFICATIONS SITE CONDITIONS SITE CONDITIONS PARKING CONDIT ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS PARKING CONDITIONSEVSE SPECIFICATIONS IONAL ELEMENTS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS PARKING CONDITIONSSITE CONDITIONS PARKING CONDITIONS ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS SITE CONDITIONS SITE CONDITIONS SPECIFICATIONS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS SITE CONDITIONS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS PARKING CONDITIONS PARKING CONDIT ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS

PARKING CONDITIONSSITE CONDITIONS ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS SITE CONDITIONS PARKING CONDIT ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS SITE CONDITIONS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS SITE CONDITIONS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS

SITE CONDITIONS

SITE CONDITIONS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS

1) NETWORK INTERFACE Many EVSE and EV manufacturers include onboard or on-unit technology enabling network communications and metering. Networks help maximize drivers’ access to EVSE by providing a mechanism through which drivers can most efficiently locate and cycle through EVSE parking spaces. Car to parking spot communication occurs through cellular network communication, alerting drivers to charging space locations in public areas through on-vehicle systems or smart phone apps. Developments on the horizon include built-in sensors that help determine if spaces are free. Consumer to charging network communication enables payment for publicly-accessible EVSE. Public EVSE will need to track usage and potentially bill consumers by charging network, typically connecting to back-office billing software. Such communications will involve an ongoing evolution of business models; currently, most networks require members to swipe an access card that links charging to an account. Not all networks are yet compatible across charging platforms, but innovation in the area of communications will ultimately improve overall efficiency and ease of use. EVSE to utility communication can enable better service, even adapting the rate of flow of electrical current to the unit, such as at times when grid loads are high—and when rates peak.

In each of these communications areas, data collection will improve systems and let us learn more about EV charging demand. PHYSICAL NETWORKS EVSE is connected via physical road and highway networks, and electrified corridors extend the effective battery range of an EV. ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS Networks can help mitigate emerging issues in the EV driver community. Systems like alerts and other communication-based approaches can help ensure more efficient access to and use of publicly-accessible EVSE charging spaces. Network-based communication and community enforcement may help to avoid regulatory enforcement—a more costly approach for local jurisdictions responsible for ticketing and towing. As an alternative to enforcing parking ordinances, networks can disincentivize prolonged parking by charging for time in addition to electricity, where allowed. NETWORKED COMMUNICATIONS 1) EV to parking space sensor 2) EV to EVSE 3) EVSE to grid 4) Consumer to payment network 5) Consumer to vehicle 6) EVSE to host/operator

FIGURE 1. EXAMPLE CELLULAR APPLICATION INTERFACE

AVAILABILITY

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

VACANT

METERING TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY Charging networks are currently experimenting with options. It is widely agreed that a common platform for communication will be via smart phones, in addition to built-in vehicle technology. SIGNAGE

ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS

PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION

FIGURE 2. NETWORKED PATHWAY TO A FULL CHARGE THIS DIAGRAM FOLLOWS THE PATH OF ONE VEHICLE FROM A LOW BATTERY ALERT TO THE LOCATION OF A CHARGING STATION. ALSO SHOWN IS THE PARKED CAR CONNECTING TO THE CHARGING NETWORK AND THE UTILITY COMPANY THROUGH WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS.

PARKING SPACE LOCATION PARKING CONDITIONS

This type of technology depends on network access in all locations. Hardwiring and wireless network connections may require LIGHTING special to bring these networks to EVSEequipment PROTECTION remote or indoor scenarios. METERING Most EVSE have integrated payment METERING technologies. Whether in residential or public locations, EVSE will need to communicate with the utility grid in order to measure and meter electricty used.

SPACE SIZEOF PORT ON VEHICLE LOCATION

SLOPED PARKING SPACES

SITE CONDITIONS PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION

TECHNOLOGY

WEATHER PARKING SPACE LOCATION

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS SIGNAGE

VISIBILITY LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE

MOUNTING APPROACH EVSE PROTECTION

100%

TYPE OF ESVE

SITE CONDITIONS PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC

CONNECTORS

WEATHER OBSTACLES/HAZARDS

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME MOUNTING APPROACH

TYPE OF ESVE LOW

CONNECTORS

ACCESSIBILITY

VISIBILITY WATER POOLING

VACANT

ACCESSIBILITY ON-STREET TRAFFIC PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE OBSTACLES/HAZARDS PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME

PARKING CONDITIONS VISIBILITY

PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC

CONNECTORS

2) URBAN INTERFACE SPACE SIZE

OBSTACLES/HAZARDS

ACCESSIBILITY

LENGTH TIMEthe larger-scale systems The urban interface of OF theCHARGING EVSE includes and patterns that relatePARKING to traffic,SPACES frequency of EVSE use and accesSLOPED sibility, as well as the fine-grained details of how the EVSE and EV driver interact with the streetscape. Placement of EVSE with respect PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIChost priorities. From an owner or to building frontage demonstrates host perspective, the urban scale includes location choice and the SPACE ORIENTATION management PARKING of the EVSE and parking space. The urban interface considers functional and aesthetic aspects of site design.

PARKING CONDITIONS

ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS LIGHTING OBSTACLES/HAZARDS

PARKING SPACE LOCATION

PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR

SIGNAGE AND WAYFINDING User visibility begins with wayfinding systems that SIGNAGE PROXIMITY TO and POWER provide consistent clearSOURCE signage to direct EV drivers to parking spaces. Signage should have a hierarchy, helping to direct drivers and organize the EVSE infrastructure network at the urban scale. Consistency WEATHER PROTECTION andEVSE visibility of signage throughout a city, state or region ELEVATOR can PROXIMITY help drivers TO locate EVSE regardless of network access.

SITE CONDITIONS !

EVSE

ON-STREET SPACE SIZE TRAFFIC

SLOPED PARKING SPACES PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE

WATER POOLING PROXIMITY TO TRAFFIC METERING Physical proximity to heavy traffic use may be positive (highLOCATION traffic volume) or negative (difficult to install onOF PORT ON VEHICLE street EVSE). Large-scale traffic patterns and counts determine viability of locations for most commercial operations, and TRAFFIC such analytics may be used for EVSE TECHNOLOGY ON-STREET location choice. EVSE

WATER POOLING

PROXIMITY VISIBILITYTO BUILDING ENTRANCE PROXIMITY TOEVSE BUILDING Placement of the determines its visibility and accessibility, typically with respect to priority parking ENTRANCE spaces—those that are located a short distance from building entrances. EVSE hosts that choose to highlight the ACCESSIBILITY EVSE through prominent placement may incur higher installation costs, due to increased distance from panels.

PARKING SPACE LOCATION PROXIMITY TO BUILDING ENTRANCE LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE

SITE CONDITIONS

EVSE PEDESTRIAN SPECIFICATIONS TRAFFIC

HighPEDESTRIAN traffic areas TRAFFIC offer visibility and challenges. EVSE and cord sets should not interfere with pedestrian routes; MOUNTING APPROACH charging stations should not be placed in a location that would cause a cord to be a tripping hazard. Pedestrian paths relate to site planning and design of parking lots, OBSTACLES/HAZARDS garages and other places. EVSE site choices should consider building entry ways, pathways, street crossings and meeting points so as not to impede pedestrians.

TYPE OF ESVE WATER POOLING

CONNECTORS

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

ON-STREET TRAFFIC

WEATHER MANAGEMENT OF SPACE At theVISIBILITY urban scale, EVSE hosts or owners (e.g., garage managers, retail chain stores, transportation authorities) are responsible for managing the use and maintenance of the EVSE and parking space. On-site relationships are very important to user experience (accessibility or charge network access, for example). EVSE locations and amenities depend on the motivation of EVSE hosts. Green branding ACCESSIBILITY or points for the U.S. Green Building Council’s LEED certification, providing customer amenities, and a company’s sustainability mission are all examples of factors that determine whether a parking operator chooses to host EVSE and where within the lot these are located. PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC

WATER POOLING

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS

3) POWER INTERFACE

ON-STREET TRAFFIC

ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS MOUNTING APPROACH PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE

The ability to connect to a power source is the top priority for EVSE site design—without power, there is no charge. The EVSE’s connection to both vehicle and power source occurs across boundaries of ownership and management and includes both the public and private sectors. There is a potentially complex set of relationships and costs, with different aspects of the power connection occurring in one or both of two areas: the public realm, including the public right-of-way, and the private space. These relationships have physical and business implications.

Installing the EVSE close to the required PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE power source reduces the need for cutting, trenching and drilling to add new conduits LIGHTING to reach the EVSE. Additionally, the cost of TYPE OFcan ESVE installation be reduced if the existing conduit has adequate capacity for EVSE. PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR METERING Separate or sub-metering allows electricity METERING used by EVSE to be isolated from the rest of CONNECTORS PROXIMITY TO BUILDING a building’ or structure’s energy usage, though distinguishing ENTRANCE usage between multiple cords of an EVSE can only be accomplished by the TECHNOLOGY EVSE itself. For locations with multiple EVSE, it is best practice to separately meter each. LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME Smart meters, through a network connection to the utility, help users and utilities to balance electrical use across peak energy times. SIGNAGE

ELECTRICAL CAPACITY Connecting EVSE to a power source will require evaluation of existing electrical capacity.EVSE This has two parts: the electrical system at the location of the EVSE installation, and the capacity of neighborhood systems to support many EVs charging at once. Electrical cabinets, panels and circuitry will need to accommodate the anticipated additional load. Some municipalities, such as Vancouver, Canada, have used their building codes to require that new construction allow sufficient space within electrical rooms for panels and other equipment required to increase capacity in the future.EVSE

Utilities will be at the center of discussions of capacity. In addition to ensuring safety where EVSE is installed, utilities are concerned with overloading local transformers. Jurisdictions such as Maryland have passed legislation that allows for the disclosure of EV owner data to utilities, enabling them to plan for neighborhood power needs.

HOST-OPERATOR AGREEMENTS Different ownership and management structures will determine the degree of difficulty EVSE PROTECTION associated with accessing power supply, running conduit and maintaining EVSE. The relationship of owners and operators is critical, as different business models will place different requirements on navigating these relationships. The utility will work with the host or operator to bring the power connection to the site.

CONSTRUCTION COST The cost differential for EVSE installation is represented by the power interface. Considering a site’s power sources and capacity will help plan for lower-cost installations that require less physical construction.

MANAGEMENT IN THE EVSE INFRASTRUCTURE DOMAIN

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS EVSE

FIGURE 3. ZONES OF OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT IN THE EVSE INFRASTRUCTURE DOMAIN THE EVSE INFRASTRUCTURE DOMAIN INCLUDES ALL CHARGING-RELATED EQUIPMENT FROM THE COUPLER THAT CONNECTS THE CHARGER TO THE VEHICLE TO THE ELECTRICAL PANEL AND CONDUIT THAT CONNECTS THE CHARGING STATION TO THE UTILITY GRID. THE OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT OF EACH AREA THAT THE EVSE CONNECTS TO WILL REQUIRE CONSULTATION AND POSSIBLE PARTNERSHIP TO INSTALL CHARGING EQUIPMENT.

! EVSE

VEHICLE

POWER INTERFACE

MOUNTING APPROACH ELECTRICAL CLOSET

TYPE OF ESVE

LANDLORD CONNECTORS

UTILITY

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME

PARKING CONDITIONS ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS PARKING CONDITIONS ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS 4) PARKING INTERFACE

WAYS TO AVOID SPACE SIZE SPACE SIZE TRIPPING

PARKING CONDITIONS

LIGHTING ADDITIONAL LIGHTING ELEMENTS

HAZARDS

With regard to parking spaces, EVs will require certain considerations above and beyond typical design approaches to parking lots and garages. At this scale, the physical requirements take precedence but theLIGHTING user experience must be considered. Cost-adding conMETERING cerns are largely addressed inMETERING the previous section; however, design choices such as canopies, alternative power sources and other extras will add expense. Adding EVSE into the typically tight mix of parking lot and garage planning may cost planners and developers some valuable floorTECHNOLOGY area; EVSE installation and access can require several TECHNOLOGY METERING extra square feet of space.

SLOPED PARKING SPACES SPACE SIZE SLOPED PARKING SPACES - CAR STOPPER

PARKING SPACEPARKING ORIENTATION SLOPED PARKING SPACESSPACE ORIENTATION SPACE LOCATION PARKING SPACEPARKING LOCATION ORIENTATION

For safety, extra care in general should be given to placement of electrical equipment in areas that will experience extreme weather SIGNAGE or pooling of water. TECHNOLOGY SIGNAGE

- BOLLARD

PARKING CONDITIONS

LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE PARKING SPACE LOCATION

SIGNAGE AND WAYFINDING EVSE PROTECTION SIGNAGE SPACE SIZEto the EVSE PROTECTION Guiding a car space is one function of signage, but the parking interface requires clear markings that designate the space for EVSE charging only. Markings appearing on the ground similar to striped spaces (reserved for handicapped parking) as well as on vertical SLOPED PARKING SPACES EVSE PROTECTION surfaces should be used.

LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE - ELEVATED CONNECTOR MOUNTING

SITE CONDITIONS SITE CONDITIONS

PARKING SPACE SIZE In addition standard parking space considerations, PARKINGtoSPACE ORIENTATION when siting EVSE, the charging equipment must not interfere with passenger loading and unloading nor impact adjacent traffic.

WEATHER WEATHER SITE CONDITIONS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS

FIGURE 4. EVSE PROTECTION WHEEL STOPS AND BOLLARDS OFFER PROTECTION OF THE EVSE FROM TRAFFIC INCIDENT, AND CAN ALSO SERVE TO BLOCK PEDESTRIAN ACCESS FROM TRIPPING HAZARDS. COST AND SPACE WILL DETERMINE WHAT TYPE, IF ANY EVSE PROTECTION IS SUITABLE. WALL-MOUNTED BARRIERS AND SETBACKS ARE OTHER PROTECTION OPTIONS.

PARKING SPACE LOCATION

MOUNTING APPROACH Site design willAPPROACH specify a mounting approach. Choice of MOUNTING APPROACH MOUNTING EVSE unit design will allow site planners to save space by choosing a configuration that maximizes square footLOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE age: wall- or ceiling-mounted products will be appropriate where floor area is at a premium, while charging stations with multiple cord sets will enable one unit to MOUNTING APPROACH serve TYPE OF ESVE TYPEmultiple OF ESVEspaces.

WEATHER VISIBILITY

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS

ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS

ACCESSIBILITY

SITE CONDITIONS

LENGTHTIME OF CHARGING TIME LENGTH OF CHARGING VISIBILITY TECHNOLOGY LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME

necessary to create spaces and routes that VISIBILITY ItareisACCESSIBILITY ACCESSIBILITY safe and accessible to drivers of all physical

PARKING CONDITIONS abilities. In general, EV drivers spend more

LIGHTING Visibility is critical for EV driver safety and helps to deter LIGHTING vandalism ofESVE the equipment. Most parking facilities are TYPE OF CONNECTORS CONNECTORS designed with lighting that is suitable for EVSE installations. Dim lights or cables can create tripping hazards. Lighting upgrades (such as to more sustainable fluorescent lamps) may also present an opportunity to extend WEATHER METERING wiring for EVSE installation. CONNECTORS

VISIBILITY

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

time than usual maneuvering around a parking space in order to connect and disconnect from the PEDESTRIAN EVSE. Accessibility strategies should seek SPACE SIZE TRAFFIC ACCESSIBILITY PEDESTRIAN toTRAFFIC limit tripping hazards and minimize liability concerns. Accessibility is also about Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)-compatible designs and space designation. Wheelchair accessible EV SLOPED PARKING SPACES charging needs a free path from the space to the OBSTACLES/HAZARDS OBSTACLES/HAZARDS PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC building entrance. Standards are being considered to determine how many, if any, EVSE spaces in a lot should be ADA-accessible.

POOLING WATER PARKINGPOOLING SPACEWATER ORIENTATION OBSTACLES/HAZARDS PARKINGPOOLING SPACE LOCATION WATER

FIGURE 6. PARKING SPACE CONSIDERATIONS FOR WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBILITY THE GROUND SURFACE SHOULD BE FIRM, LEVEL, AND HAVE A SLOPE NO MORE THAN 2% IN ANY DIRECTION

36” MINIMUM CLEARANCE

FIGURE 5. STANDARD PARKING SPACE CONSIDERATIONS MORE THAN TYPICAL SPACE IS REQUIRED IN ORDER TO ENSURE SAFE AND EASY MOVEMENT AROUND THE CHARGING STATION.

18’ MINIMUM

FIGURE 7. POSSIBLE VARIATIONS FOR WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE EVSE CHARGING SPACES

9’ MINIMUM

5’ MINIMUM

= FIGURE 8. MULTI-DIMENSIONS OF ACCESSIBILITY VERTICAL SIGNAGE (SEE SECTION ON SIGNAGE AND WAYFINDING FOR MORE DETAIL) SHOULD DESIGNATE WHETHER EVSE IS WHEELCHAIRACCESSIBLE. THE GROUND SURFACE SHOULD BE FIRM, LEVEL, AND HAVE A SLOPE NO MORE THAN 2% IN ANY DIRECTION

2% SLOPE

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS

EVSE PROTECTION

5) EVSE INTERFACE

THE CHARGING EXPERIENCE Most EVSE is equipped with touch screens and video capability, providing a forum for user information, ranging from communicating EV driver account details to local news content. Branding also plays a role in bringing information to drivers. The user experience at the EVSE site presents branding opportunities for the EVSE host’s, installer’s, or partners’ purposes.

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS MOUNTING APPROACH APPROACH SITE MOUNTING CONDITIONS Site design will APPROACH specify a mounting approach, MOUNTING which will affect users’ interaction with the EVSE. EVSE models should be chosen to TYPE OF ESVE allow users easy access to the electric cord WEATHER and EVSE interface.

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS

TYPE OF ESVE

NUMBER OF CONNECTORS TheCONNECTORS method of coupling the EV to the charger VISIBILITY impacts placement at the site and ease-of-use for EV drivers.

At the scale of the vehicle, the interface connecting the EV and the EV driver to the charging station highlights the final group of site design considerations.

MOUNTING APPROACH

The EVSE interface presents design challenges for several key exchanges: 1) Physical interface of the technical components 2) Human and technology interface

TYPE OF ESVE

CONNECTORS ADDITIONAL ACCESSIBILITY ELEMENTS LENGTH CHARGING TIMErefers to the At the EVSE OF scale, accessibility ACCESSIBILITY ability of the EV driver to comfortably and ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS safely plug in and access any on-screen or

other controls on the EVSE unit. The location LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME to the EVSE LIGHTING of the on-vehicle inlet to connect coupler presents TRAFFIC an accessibility issue for EV PEDESTRIAN drivers at this scale. As a rule of thumb, EVSE LIGHTING should be located in the first 1/3 of a parking space, preferably directly ahead, to allow drivers to plug in with minimal draping of the METERING OBSTACLES/HAZARDS cord.

CONNECTORS

METERING

TECHNOLOGY Communications systems linking the EV to TECHNOLOGY WATER POOLING the EVSE via sensors (such as those that detect the presence of the vehicle and can TECHNOLOGY indicate that the space is occupied).

LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME

FIGURE 9. EXAMPLES OF USER INTERFACE

SIGNAGE

EVSE

AVAILABILITY

VACANT

AVAILABILITY

VACANT

EVSE PROTECTION PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE EVSE PROTECTION

PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR

EVSE

CHARGING

COMPLETE

YOU WILL BE CHARGED:

CHARGING

COMPLETE

100%

YOU WILL BE $4.25 CHARGED:

100%

$4.25

! 12

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

EVSE

SIGNAGE ANDTRAFFIC WAYFINDING ON-STREET Signage indicating parking information and SIGNAGE directions on how to operate the EVSE completes the signage hierarchy.

EVSE

PROXIMITY TO BUILDING

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS ENTRANCE EVSE SPECIFICATIONS MOUNTING APPROACH

MOUNTING APPROACH

09/06/12 3:45 PM 82° F

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”D

”W

09/06/12 4:02 PM 82° F

47%

DISTANCE TRAVELED ON OUR NETWORK: 72” HEIGHT

MOUNT CONNECTOR BETWEEN 36” AND 48”

2,690 miles 09/06/12 4:15 PM 82° F

LOCATION OF CORD

100%

THANK YOU FOR CHARGING YOUR VEHICLE WITH US! YOU WILL BE CHARGED:

$4.25

FIGURE 10. EVSE CLEARANCE DIMENSIONS THE RECOMMENDED CLEARANCE WIDTH AND HEIGHT FOR EVSE ARE FROM THE NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE 2008 EDITION.

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

SIGNAGE AND WAYFINDING Regulatory Wayfinding

Signage designates EV parking spaces and helps EV drivers locate charging stations. Regulatory signage designates a space and restrictions regarding its use, while wayfinding signage directs drivers to charging stations; both should be provided in a consistent and accessible style.

Regulatory signs indicate who may park in a designated location. Common examples of regulatory include handicapped parking designations, curb striping, no parking or permit-only signs. Regulations can be communicated through wording or design, The United States Department of such as through the color. A report on EVSE Transportation Federal Highway Administration signage written by ECOtality for the EV publishes a guide, Manual of Uniform Project recommends a combination of visual Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) that sets and written cues. These would include both signage standards used by road managers an EV symbol and regulatory instructions. A nationwide on all public and private roads. symbol and wording, such as “Electric Vehicle Local regulations also come into play. Local Charging Only,” can be used in combination. jurisdictions, property owners and parking managers will have preferences for look and Vertical or pole-mounted signage is the most function of signs. For EVSE, the goal should standard (please reference the following page be clarity and consistency, particularly in the for examples). Pavement markings, similar to early stages of the sector’s development. A those used at handicapped-accessible parking common visual identity will reduce confusion spots, can also be used for clear designation and increase public awareness of EVSE. of EV parking spaces. For handicappedaccessible EV parking spots, additional It is important for local jurisdictions and pavement markings can indicate ADA routes designers to note that any deviance from that must be kept clear. See page 11 for MUTCD regulations requires approval under several possibilities for designating handicapthe “experimentations” waiver. Overall accessible EV charging spaces. regulations applicable to EV charging designation signage include color and Other regulations, such as the length of placement hierarchy. The examples of signage parking if the electricity is provided with offered in these guidelines are intended to the cost of parking, can be indicated. Signs be illustrative. Jurisdictions and designers associated with DC fast chargers should will need to ensure their signs and systems indicate a time limit of up to one hour, for comply with any applicable regulations. example. This is one example of how signage

FIGURE 11. PAVEMENT MARKINGS EFFECTIVE WAYS OF CLEARLY DESIGNATING SPACES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING. 14

REGULATORY

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

FIGURE 12. WALL MARKINGS PARKING GARAGES OFFER MANY SURFACES FOR SIGNAGE TO BE ATTACHED OR PAINTED.

FIGURE 13. WAYFINDING SIGNAGE DIRECTS DRIVERS TO EV CHARGING STATIONS AND CAN INDICATE WHAT TYPE OF EVSE IS AVAILABLE.

can work with local parking management strategies to establish clear expectations for EV and non-EV drivers. Time limits will also include the participation of local authorities or parking managers to enforce the regulations established on the sign. Information on the charging station should also indicate voltage and amp levels and any fees or safety information. Electrical codes will ask hosts to indicate the date of installation, equipment type and model and owner contact information on the EVSE.

WAYFINDING Wayfinding describes a system of signs that do just that—help people find their way. In the case of EVSE, wayfinding systems will direct drivers to EVSE locations. These signs can be located on adjacent streets, access points to parking areas and highways. Pavement markings can also offer additional guidance and point drivers to the exact spaces. It may also be beneficial to drivers if signs indicate the level of charging available. The MUTCD provides guidelines for developing wayfinding signage systems. Community wayfinding signs have a lower placement priority than other guide signs. MUTCD also suggests that color coding can be an effective way to differentiate between different types of destinations.

Where wayfinding signs can be installed will be an area of potential contention for EVSE. At present, community wayfinding signs cannot be installed on freeway or expressway main lines or ramps. Nor can they be used to designate primary destinations. Recognizing the need to connect a decentralized infrastructure system, moving forward, it will be necessary for communities and for the Federal Highway Administration to consider what type of destination an EV charging station is, and whether EV charging station locations can be indicated to drivers en route along major highways. COLOR AND SYMBOLS Currently, a variety of symbols, colors and wording are used for EVSE and the associated regulations. As such, signs can be extremely confusing and may result in non-EV drivers unintentionally using these spaces. Color choice also poses a communication problem. Blue is often mistaken for accessibility, green is mistaken for short term parking and red is associated with prohibited action.

the term “charging” to eliminate confusion for drivers of hybrid electric vehicles, or EVs that do not need to charge. This language also encourages drivers to move their EV once charging is complete. It is important to indicate the active use of the charging station for EVSE designated parking stalls. INFORMATION AND ADVERTISING The many surfaces of the EVSE can be used to display information, such as how to use the machine or level of power. Display screens also may provide status information for the user and other communications, including advertising and branding for the EVSE host or partners.

LANGUAGE There is a need for clear language on all regulatory and wayfinding signs. “No Parking Except for Electric Vehicle Charging” has been recommended to be used on regulatory signs. Signs should use

EXCEPT FOR VEHICLE CHARGING

FIGURE 14. EV-ONLY SIGNAGE EXAMPLES A COMBINATION OF SYMBOL AND TEXT IS RECOMMENDED. THE TERM “CHARGING” SHOULD BE USED TO ENSURE HYBRID VEHICLES DO NOT USE THE SPACES FOR PARKING. THE SELECTED ELECTRIC VEHICLE SYMBOL SHOULD BE LARGER AND MORE PRONOUNCED THAN THE NO-PARKING SYMBOL TO AVOID CONFUSING MESSAGES. SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

INSTALLATION CONTEXTS Implementation Considerations Factors Affecting EVSE Installation

This section is intended to illustrate basic site design concerns and wider implementation considerations, such as the motivations of the EVSE installer, costs and operational issues that are relevant to shaping EVSE deployment on a site-by-site basis. The installation contexts described in the following pages of this guide will place design issues in perspective. It is acknowledged that each context shown here would include a wide degree of site-specific variation.

IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS

structural, utility or electrical work. Soft costs are incurred through the permitting, maintenance and network servicing of EVSE. In some cases, EVSE manufacturers and service providers will supply the EVSE unit for free if they are in position to collect data or fees associated with the EVSE usage. As a result, the business models of the EVSE manufacturing groups may have an influence on emerging EV locations based on their ability to collect fees in certain kinds of locations.

REGULATIONS Ordinances serve planning and permitting purposes at the city-wide scale and are MARKETS AND MOTIVATION another layer of agreement for developers and Placement of the EVSE will depend on host EVSE hosts. Liability issues associated with motivation. For example, green branding opportunities require prominent placement while hazards and accessibility are another regulatory concern. the provision of EV charging for employees might mean settling for more economically efficient locations. The hostâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s understanding of HOST AGREEMENTS Tenants, such as retail operators, contract the EVSE users at their site and the benefits with landowners; both of these parties may that the EVSE will provide them with will inform decisions about their site locations and assume responsibility for EVSE-related costs, but landlords will likely assume liability for the expenditures. EVSE. Owners, tenants, developers, parking lot operators and EVSE networks may be INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS operators of the EVSE. The capital outlay associated with EVSE includes the purchase of the unit and the construction costs associated with trenching,

COMMERCIAL LOT 16

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

2 MULTI-UNIT RESIDENTIAL

OPERATIONS

LEGAL

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

MARKET ANALYSIS

FACTORS AFFECTING EVSE INSTALLATION TARGET MARKETS

What are the host’s motivations and goals for EVSE installation?

DEMAND

How does anticipated use determine the scope of work for charging stations and EVSE-ready sites?

HOST LOCATION

Does the retail, commercial or residential location affect the rate of use?

EVSE COST

Will grant or program funding be available? What is the marginal cost of additional EVSE?

CONSTRUCTION

Is trenching or other heavy work required?

SERVICE UPGRADE

What is the cost of a service upgrade? How does this impact location?

MAINTENANCE

What will annual upkeep cost?

REVENUE

What business model is most appropriate for recuperating the host’s or network’s capital outlay?

FISCAL IMPACTS

What costs and benefits are associated with public or government-installed EVSE?

REGULATIONS

What codes and ordinances apply to the site, construction and electrical installation?

LAND USE

Are there any local barriers to where EVSE can be installed?

LIABILITY

What entity takes responsibility for any necessary insurance or other liability measures?

TERMS

What agreements and contracts are necessary or advisable to install and operate EVSE?

MANAGEMENT

What entity (host/site owner/network/municipality) will operate and maintain the EVSE?

UTILITY

What upgrades to service, conduit installation, and metering are needed?

EQUIPMENT

Will installation require equipment or technology upgrades beyond the charging station itself?

SCENARIOS

What alternative installation scenarios could reduce costs or increase revenue?

EXCEPT FOR VEHICLE CHARGING

3 ON-STREET PARKING

4 SERVICE STATION

FLEET SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

1) COMMERCIAL Retailers and other commercial operators will be among the early adopters of EVSE. For retail and commercial parking, priority considerations may include satisfying customers, branding the retail outlet or serving employees. The outcomes for the decisions about site location and design will vary depending on the key host motivations. The chart on page 19 associates the EVSE decision-making process for commercial parking lots with iconography describing the relevant site design elements.

36 ” CL MIN EA IM RA UM NC E

1) Signage is critical for finding designated spaces within a busy lot. For large and heavily trafficked lots, vertical signage indicating EVSE charging is key. This type of signage should not be used for commercial purposes, such as branding.

1 3

2) Pedestrian safety in commercial areas is critical. ADA requires a minimum of 36” clearance between building wall and street furniture or signage, so care should be taken not to obstruct pathways for safety and egress.

18 ’

5’

M 9

I ’M

4 FIGURE 15. SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR A COMMERCIAL LOT

IMAGE 2. MILILANI, HI THE EVSE IS MOUNTED ON AN EXISTING POST AS TO NOT SHORTEN THE PARKING SPACE OR INTERFERE WITH PEDESTRIAN ROUTES. 18

IMAGE 3. BURBANK, CA THE EVSE IS PLACED ON A CONCRETE PAD IN EXISTING LANDSCAPING, TAKING ADVANTAGE OF EXISTING OPEN SPACE IN FRONT OF THE PARKING SPOT WITHOUT REDUCING SIZE.

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

3) Commercial operators seeking to highlight “green” branding will choose to install EVSE in prime parking spaces. Priority locations communicate to customers the value that the EVSE host places on sustainable business, while incentivizing EV drivers to patronize their store. In some locations, however, such as hospitality businesses with long or overnight stays or those with valet parking, it may be more advantageous to position EVSE further out in the lot, leaving prime spaces free for all customers. 4) Installing EVSE in prime parking spaces will likely add additional expenses, as these spaces are often far from the electrical panel, which are commonly located at the back of a building. Trenching, running additional conduit and replacing paving are the types of construction activities that account for the primary expenditures associated with EVSE. 5) Placing EVSE close to the door is an incentive and an out-front location may act as an additional deterrent to vandalism or other damage. Care should be taken to allow sufficient room for user access, including curb cuts, as well as methods to prevent tripping over cords.

EVSE PROTECTION

SIGNAGE CONNECTORS METERING

1A) MID-LOT

PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC TECHNOLOGY SLOPED PARKING SPACES APPR LOCATIONMOUNTING OF PORT ON VEH TYPE OF ESVE PROXIMITY TO POWER SOU OBSTACLES/HAZARDS METERI WEATHER SIGNAGE PARKING SPACE ORIENTAT

SITE CONDITIO

EVSE PROTECTION PARKING COND ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS SITE COND PRIORITIES FOR RETAIL AND COMMERCIAL PARKING LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME EVSE SPECIFICATIONS TECHNOLOGY WATER POOLING CONNECTORS TYPE OF ESVE

EVSE

LIGHTING MOUNTING APPROACH EVSE SPECIFICATIONSSITE CONDITIONS PROXIMITY TO BUILDING MARKET ANALYSIS

SIGNAGE

TARGET MARKETS HOST LOCATION

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

CONSTRUCTION REVENUE

LEGAL

METERINGMOUNTING APPROACH EVSE PROTECTION EVSE SPECIFICATIONS TYPE OF ESVE ! EVSE

LAND USE LIABILITY TERMS

TECHNOLOGY MOUNTING APPROACH TYPE OF ESVE CONNECTORS SIGNAGE

TYPE OF ESVE CONNECTORS LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME

EVSE

FIGURE 16. SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR A MID-LOT

1B) CARPORTS

EVSE

OPERATIONS

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS EVSE PROTECTION

PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR TECHNO SPACE SIZE WEATHE VISIBILITY EVSE PROTECTION PARKING SPACE LOCATION

CONNECTORS LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME MOUNTING APPROACH EQUIPMENT

SIGNAG CONNECTORS LENGTH OF CHAR ON-STREET TRAFFIC SLOPED PARKING ENTRANCE WEATHER LOCATIONACCESSIBILITY OF PORTVISIBILI ON VEH

ADDITIONALEVSEELPR EVSE

PARKING SPACE PROXIMITY TO POWER SOUO LENGTH OF CHAR VISIBILITYPEDESTRIAN ACCESS TRA

!LIGHTING EVSE SPECIFICATIO PARKING SPACE L SITE CONDITIONS PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR

OBSTACLES/HAZA PEDEST ACCESSIBILITY EVSE MOUNTING APPROACH WEATHERMETERING LOCATION OF POR PROXIMITY TO BUILDING WATER POOLING OBSTAC PEDESTRIAN ENTRANCE TRAFFIC

EVSE SPEC

VISIBILITY TECHNOLOGY TYPE OF ESVE WATER OBSTACLES/HAZARDS MOUNT ON-STREET TRAF EVSE

SITE CONDITION

SIGNAGE ACCESSIBILITY CONNECTORS LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME 1) Mid-lot parking represents a range of opportunities. POOLING In some cases, such as big-box stores orWATER shopping TYPE OF ESVE PROXIMITY TO PO ! most center locations with no building-adjacent parking, WEATHER mid-lot ON-STR EVSE spaces will be prime locations for EVSE. The same instal- TYPE OF EVSETRAFFIC PROTECTION lation can take place further from the building entrance as PEDESTRIAN EVSE well. LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME PROXIM ON-STREET TRAFFIC CONNECTORS PROXIMITY TO EL 2) EVSE can maximize small spaces by ! being installed in VISIBILITY CONNEC locations accessible to multiple parked vehicles. Wheel MOUNTING APPROACH OBSTACLES/HAZARDS

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS

stops protect the EVSE but may present a tripping hazard. EVSE

3) Landscaped areas can accommodate EVSE as well, PROXIMITY TOSOU BU PROXIMITY TObut POWER PROXIM LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME concrete pads are necessary to anchor the device.ACCESSIBILITY

EVSE

! EVSE EVSE FIGURE 17. SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR CARPORTS

ENTRANCELENGTH WATER POOLING

TYPE OF ESVE 4) Canopies and carports add visibility, shelter and op-

EVSE SPECIFICA

EVSE

CONNECTORS

EVSE

portunities for signage. Price Chopper supermarkets, for PROXIM example, are installing canopies to designate EVSE parkPROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR PEDESTRIAN TRA ing spaces, which will feature a sustainability branding ENTRAN campaign.

ON-STREET TRAFFIC

MOUNTING APPRO 5) Photovoltaics are a natural fit for canopy designs. SolarTO BUILDING assisted EVSE enhance green marketing,PROXIMITY and in instances OBSTACLES/HAZA where connections to the grid are impracticle, there is ENTRANCE potential for a closed-loop setup containing substantial PROXIMITY TO POWER SOU battery storage.

LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME

TYPE OFPOOLING ESVE WATER 19

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE EVSE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

1 2

FIGURE 18. SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR MULTI-USE RESIDENTIAL PARKING

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

TECHNOLOGY

ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS SITE CONDITIONS PARKING CONDITIONS ELEMENTS 2) MULTI-UNIT EVSE SPECIFICATIONS G TIME EVSE PROTECTION OBSTACLES/HAZARDS MOUNTING APPROACH LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE SLOPED PARKING SPACES SIGNAGE RESIDENTIAL

WATER POOLING LIGHTING WEATHER PRIORITIES FOR MULTI-UNIT RESIDENTIAL PARKINGSPACE SPACESIZE ORIENTATION TYPE OF ESVE MOUNTING APPROACH EVSE PROTECTION MARKET ANALYSIS

ICATIONS

APPROACH

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

EVSE COST CONSTRUCTION SERVICE UPGRADE

LEGAL

TIONS

TARGET MARKETS DEMAND

REGULATIONS LAND USE TERMS

OPERATIONS

CTION CHARGING TIME MANAGEMENT

PARKING CONDITIO

VISIBILITY PARKING WEATHERSPACE LOCATION

SPACE SIZE ACCESSIBILITY LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE VISIBILITY

SITE CONDITIONS PARKING CONDITIONS SLOPED PARKING SPACES WEATHER

ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS SITE CONDITIONS PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC VISIBILITY PARKING SPACE LOCATION METERING ON-STREET TRAFFIC SLOPED PARKING SPACES ACCESSIBILITY EVSE SPECIFICATIONS SPACE SIZE CONNECTORS TYPE OF LIGHTING ESVE PARKING SPACE ORIENTATI WEATHER SITE PARKING CONDITIONS VISIBILITY OBSTACLES/HAZARDS CONDITIONS ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS TECHNOLOGY LOCATION OFTOPORT ON SOURCE VEHICLE PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION PROXIMITY POWER MOUNTING APPROACH ACCESSIBILITY LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME VISIBILITY METERING CONNECTORS LIGHTING SIGNAGE PARKING SPACE LOCATION PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR TYPE OF ESVE TECHNOLOGY ACCESSIBILITY MOUNTING LENGTH LOCATION OFAPPROACH CHARGING TIME OF PORT ON VEHICLE EVSE PROTECTION METERING OBSTACLES/HAZARDS PROXIMITY TO BUILDING

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS

SITE CONDITIONS ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS ENTRANCE CONNECTORS WEATHERSIGNAGE PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC WATER POOLING LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY TYPE OF ESVE

PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC SLOPED PARKING SPACES WEATHER PARKING SPACE LOCATION SPACE SIZE WATER POOLING ACCESSIBILITY OBSTACLES/HAZARDS PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHI VISIBILITYSLOPED PARKING SPACES PEDESTRIAN ON-STREET TRAFFIC TRAFFIC WATER POOLING PARKING SPACE LOCATION

PARKING CONDITIO

PARKING SPACE SPACE SIZE ORIENTATION ACCESSIBILITY OBSTACLES/HAZARDS PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE UTILITY LOCATION PORT ON VEHICLE EQUIPMENT IMAGE 4. PARAMUS, NJ BY MOUNTING THE EVSE ON ANTRAFFIC EXISTINGOF POST BETWEEN ON-STREET SPACES, PARKING SPACE SIZES ARE MAINTAINED AND WHEEL STOPS OR BOLLARDS LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME PARKING SPACE LOCATION VISIBILITY EVSE PROTECTION PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC DO NOT NEED TO BE INSTALLED OBSTACLES/HAZARDS SLOPEDPOOLING PARKING SPACES WATER H SIGNAGE PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR WEATHER METERING ON-STREET TRAFFIC CONNECTORS PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE most 1) How EVSE electricity consumption is metered and billed is a cenG TIMEMulti-unit residential applications are among the WEATHER complex. While estimates presume thatWATER up to 90% of tral multi-unit residential question. Typically, tenants or owners willVEHICLE LOCATION OF PORT ON POOLING OBSTACLES/HAZARDS ACCESSIBILITY PARKING SPACE ORIENTATI EV charging will occur at home, issues arise for drivers be billed for the electricity used in their unit; installing split metering ON-STREET TOunit BUILDING EVSE residential without private, off-street parking. While parking for parking lot electricity use and assigningPROXIMITY usage to the is TRAFFIC a EVSE PROTECTION VISIBILITY PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE arrangements range widely and include both surface and TECHNOLOGY challenge. ENTRANCE LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR structured garage parking, the scenario presented here MOUNTING APPROACH WATER POOLING VISIBILITY looks at an indoor garage. ManagementPEDESTRIAN considerations 2) The location of EVSE within a residential garage will involveSPACE costs LOCATION PARKING TRAFFIC WEATHER ON-STREET TRAFFIC PPROACH include differences in owner vs. renter-occupied buildings associated with extending conduits from the available panel or ! PROXIMITY TO POWER SOUR and designation of parking spaces. Developers of new electrical room, which will be the primary consideration. However, SIGNAGE ACCESSIBILITY construction housing with parking consider TO ELEVATORbuildings that provide EVSE space in only theTO most accessible locaPROXIMITY BUILDING EVSE garages shouldPROXIMITY the opportunity to add EVSE-ready wiring tions may feel push back from residents who are not EV drivers, EVSE at construction, ENTRANCE TYPE OF ESVE particularly in the early stages ofON-STREET LOCATION OF PORT ON VEH OBSTACLES/HAZARDS which is much less costly than retrofitting in the ACCESSIBILITY future EV adoption. TRAFFIC VISIBILITY PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE when demand arises. In general, the decision to include E APPROACH PROXIMITYinTO ELEVATOR EVSE EVSE in a residential application will hinge on a developer/ are constructed WEATHER PROXIMITY TO PROTECTION BUILDING3) Garages have limited available space, and PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC ! as an amenity toMOUNTING resimodules, meaning that adding one or two additional spaces for EVSE G TIMEownerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s choice to provide EVSE ENTRANCE dents. to a plan may not be possible. Finding space within an existing layout WATER POOLING PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC that is suitable for EVSE involvesPROXIMITY CONNECTORS TO POWER SOURCE some creativity. Smaller spaces like EVSE PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR Image 4 can often accommodate chargingACCESSIBILITY with thePROXIMITY right mounting TO BUILDING EVSE S approach. Underutilized space near rampsVISIBILITY or entrances can also OBSTACLES/HAZARDS TYPE OF ESVE ENTRANCE MOUNTING APPROACH often accommodate temporary EV charging. OBSTACLES/HAZARDS ON-STREET TRAFFIC 4) EVSE-ready ensure PEDESTRIAN sufficient space in the PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR PROXIMITY LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME installations should TRAFFIC ! TO BUILDING electrical room or closet for the future inclusion of capacity, panels WATER POOLING ENTRANCE WEATHER ACCESSIBILITY and, potentially, charging equipment. HARGING TIME CONNECTORS WATER POOLING EVSETYPE ESVE SOURCE PROXIMITY TO BUILDING EVSE PROXIMITY TOOF POWER OBSTACLES/HAZARDS SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE 21 ENTRANCE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE) PEDESTRIAN TRAFFICTRAFFIC VISIBILITY ON-STREET

TIONS

ICATIONS

SITE CONDITIONS

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS

SITE CONDITIONS

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS

SITE CONDITIONS

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS

EXCEPT FOR VEHICLE CHARGING

4 5

FIGURE 19. SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ON-STREET PARKING

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION SLOPED PARKING SPACES TYPE OF ESVE TECHNOLOGY EVSE PROTECTION LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE SPACE SIZE PEDESTRIA LENGTH OFMETERING CHARGING TIME ACCESSIBILITY OBSTACLES/HAZARDS WATER POOLING LIGHTING PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC PARKING SPACE LOCATION VISIBILITY PROXIMITYTYPE TO POWER SOURCE CONNECTORS OF ESVE PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION 3) ON-STREET MOUNTING APPROACH CONNECTORS WEATHER SIGNAGE ING TIME TECHNOLOGY SLOPED PARKING SPACES PEDESTRIAN TRAFFICOBSTACLES WATER POOLING PRIORITIES FOR ON-STREET PARKING SPACE SIZE OBSTACLES/HAZARDS METERING WEATHER PARKING LOCATION OFTRAFFIC PORT ON VEHICLE ON-STREET SPACE LOCATION WEATHER ACCESSIBILI PROXIMITYCONNECTORS TO ELEVATOR G LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME EVSE PROTECTION WATERSIZE POO TYPE OFORIENTATION ESVE LENGTH OFSIGNAGE CHARGINGVISIBILITY TIME SPACE PARKING WEATHER SPACE OBSTACLES/HAZARDS MOUNTINGDEMAND APPROACH LIGHTING WATER POOLING ON-STREETSLOPED TRAFFIC PARKING SPACES HOST LOCATION TECHNOLOGY PROXIMITY TO POWEROFSOURCE VISIBILITY LOCATION PROXIMITY TO BUILDING PORT ON VEHICLE WEATHER PEDESTRIAN VISIBILITY NG MOUNTING APPROACH MOUNTING APPROACH LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME ENTRANCE SLOPED PAR EVSE PROTECTION PARKING SPACE LOCATION WATER POOLING ACCESSIBILITY CONNECTORS VISIBILITY ON-STREET EVSE COST SPACE ORIENTATION METERING MOUNTING APPROACH PROXIMITYPARKING TO POWER SOURCE SIGNAGE CONSTRUCTION TYPE OF ESVE ON-STREET TRAFFIC OBSTACLES/ ACCESSIBILITY PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR SERVICE UPGRADE VISIBILITY ACCESSIBILITY LOGY MAINTENANCE ACH PARKING SP LOCATION OFTRAFFIC PORT ON VEHICLE TYPE OF ESVE PEDESTRIAN WEATHER FISCAL IMPACTS TYPE OF ESVE ACCESSIBILITY SPACE SIZE PROXIMITY ON-STREET TRAFFIC LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME PARKING SPACE LOCATION TECHNOLOGY SPACE SIZE SOURCEWATER POOL EVSE PROTECTION LIGHTING PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR PROXIMITY TO POWER CONNECTORS PROXIMITY BUILDING EVSE SPACE SIZE OF ESVE PEDESTRIANTOTRAFFIC LIGHTING TYPE E PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC ACCESSIBILITY ENTRANCE LIGHTING PARKING SP REGULATIONS OBSTACLES/HAZARDS VISIBILITY WEATHER CONNECTORS LIABILITY SLOPED PARKING SPACES PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC CONNECTORS PROXIMITY TO POWERPROXIMITY SOURCE LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE SIGNAGE MOUNTING APPROACH PROXIMITY TO BUILDING SLOPED PARKING SPACES IMAGE 5. LONDON, UK CORD MANAGMENT AND EVSE ! PROXIMITYTECHNOLOGY TO ELEVATOR SLOPED PARKING SPACES OBSTACLES/HAZARDS OBSTACLES/HAZARDS ENTRANCEMETERING LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME PLACEMENT IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT FOR ON-STREET PARKING SO ASON-STREET T OTECTION PEDESTRIAN TRAFFICCONNECTORS METERING WATER POOLING TO NOT CREATE TRIPPING HAZARDS. EVSE SHOULD NOT BE PLACED IN LOCATION O METERING A LOCATION THAT WOULD CROSS SIDEWALKSVISIBILITY OR PEDESTRIAN PATHS. EVSE PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION ACCESSIBILITY OBSTACLES/HAZARDS MANAGEMENT PROXIMITY EVSE TIME EVSE PROTECTION LENGTH OF CHARGING PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR RETRACTION DEVICES OR A PLACE TO HANG PERMANENT CORDS AND LENGTH OFUTILITY CHARGING TIME PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION MOUNTING APPROACH PROXIMITY TO BUILDING EVSE WATER POOLING WEATHER SUFFICIENTLY ABOVE THE GROUND SHOULD BE PRESENT ENTRANCE TECHNOLOGY PARKINGCONNECTORS SPACE ORIENTATION WATER POOLING TYPE OF ESVE EQUIPMENT PROXIMITY T OBSTACLES/HAZARDS ON ALL EVSE. ENTRANCE TECHNOLOGY SCENARIOS LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME TECHNOLOGY WATERLOCATION POOLING ON-STREET TRAFFIC PARKING PEDESTRIAN TRAFFICSPACE ACCESSIBILITY PROXIMITY TO BUILDING EVSE parking is one of ! For urban centers and main streets, on-street the 3. Placement of EVSE in the public right-of-way is a chalPARKING SPACE LOCATION ING TIME ! SIGNAGE SPACECharging LOCATION primary types of parking available. Providing EVSE POOLING in parallel stations with simple ENTRANCE and streamlined deVISIBILITY PARKINGlenge. WATER TYPE OForESVE TRAFFIC CONNECTORS SIGNAGE ON-STREET TRAFFICsigns are desirable, as theON-STREET angled parking spaces in these highly trafficked areasWEATHER is tricky but not EVSE will be a part of an existing PROXIMITY T EVSE MOUNTING APPROACH SIGNAGE impossible: London, UK has recently installed hundreds of on-street streetscape that may already contain numerous obstacles, EVSE LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE ! Avenue,” an on-street EVSE, and Portland,OR has created “Electric such as planters, benches,OBSTACLES/HAZARDS bike racks,PEDESTRIAN signage, vending andTRAFFIC LOCATIONON-STREET OFTRAFFIC PORT ON VEHICLE demonstration project. Central issues and priorities outlined here merchant furniture or displays. WEATHER LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE PROTECTION point to challenges and opportunities for this context.EVSE For example, ACCESSIBILITY PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE EVSE EVSE PROTECTION TO POWER SOURCE EVSE may be provided in partnership with PROXIMITY T ON-STREET TRAFFIC municipalities or businesses looking to install on-street EVSE willPROXIMITY 4. On-street EVSE LENGTH OFCONNECTORS CHARGING TIME VISIBILITY EVSE associated PROTECTION weigh costs with accessibility and liability with the opporowners of nearby businesses or buildings, WATER POOLING from which ENTRANCE TYPE OF ESVE NG APPROACH PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR OBSTACLES/HAZARDS tunity to provide widely-accessible EVSE in the public realm. Many power may be drawn. Alternately, electricity may come PROXIMITY TO POWER municipalities have yet to consider zoning and other design issues from existing on-street sources, including city-owned lines, VISIBILITY ! TRAFFIC for on-street parking. This can be another hurdle for developers,PEDESTRIAN and telecommunications companies through phone booths and APPROACH PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR PROXIMITY TOparking POWER SOURCEMOUNTING TO ELEVATOR LENGTH OFPROXIMITY CHARGING TIME points to the need for municipalities to address on-street private sources connecting to street lighting, among others. ACCESSIBILITY locations. Ownership of the conduit will determine metering and billing WATER POOLING PROXIMITY TO BUILDING CONNECTORS EVSE responsibility and options.ON-STREET TRAFFIC PROXIMITY TO ELEVAT ESVE ENTRANCE ACCESSIBILI 1. Signage and wayfinding is crucial for locating and designating EVSE OBSTACLES/HAZARDS WEATHER TO BUILDING EVSE Municipalities or districts seekcharging spaces in the public realm. 5. Access for all drivers willPROXIMITY include allowing sufficient space PROXIMITY TO BUILDING WEATHER PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR OF ESVE PEDESTRIAN TRAFFICTYPE ing a green identity may choose to locate EVSE spaces in prominent to maneuver to the front and side of the EV in order to attach ENTRANCE WEATHER locations, and incorporate identity campaigns into accompanyingENTRANCE the coupler to the vehicle.PROXIMITY Drivers mayTO bePOWER required to enter SOURCE TRAFFIC EVSE LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME oncoming traffic in order to reach theON-STREET EV’s port. PROXIMITY EVSE place-TO BUILDIN TORSsignage. Signage should also designate limits of use. Enforcement WATER POOLING PEDESTRIAN should be provided by traffic police who issue tickets for metered ment will also help accessibility; because of the location ENTRANCE ! VISIBILITY parking, and penalties should be enforced in order to maximize use of EVSE inlets on most EVs is the front grill or over a front PROXIMITY TO BUILDING OBSTACLES/HAZARDS VISIBILITY MOUNTING APPROACH of the EVSE. CONNECTORS VISIBILITYwheel, EVSE should be installed at the front third of a paralENTRANCE!MOUNTING APPROACH lel space. For angled front-in parking, EVSE can occupy the SOURCE EVSE TO POWER PROXIMITYPROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR APPROACH 2. StreetMOUNTING markings can further identify spaces, but striping or painting triangular left over space at the front. OBSTACLES OF CHARGING should beTIME distinct from no parking or bike lane designation. ON-STREET TRAFFIC ACCESSIBILITY WATER POOLING EVSE ACCESSIBILITY SITING AND OF DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE) 23 ACCESSIBILITY TYPE OF ESVE LENGTH CHARGING TIME PROXIMITYPROXIMITY TO BUILDING EVSE TO ELEVATOR TYPE OF ESVE WATER POO TYPE OF ESVE ENTRANCE OPERATIONS

LEGAL

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

MARKET ANALYSIS

SPECIFICATIONS SITEEVSE CONDITIONS PARKING CONDITIONS SITE CONDITIONS AL ELEMENTS SITE CONDITIONS PARKING CO ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS SITE CONDITIONS SPECIFICATIONS SITE EVSECONDITIONS SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS ATIONS SITE CONDITIONS PARKING CONDITIONS ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS PARKING CONDITIONS ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS PARKING CONDITIONS ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS SITE CONDITIONS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS

SPECIFICATIONS

CIFICATIONS

EVSESITE SPECIFICATIONS CONDITIONS SITE CONDITIONS

SITE CONDIT

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS SITE CONDITIONS

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS

SITE SITE CONDITIONS CONDITIONS

1 4

FIGURE 20. SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR SERVICE STATION PARKING

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS PARKING CO ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS SITE CONDITIONS PARKING CONDITIONS SITE CONDITIONS ELEMENTS PARKING CONDITIONS ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS SITEADDITIONAL CONDITIONS CONDI ELEMENTS SITE PARKING CONDITIONS ECIFICATIONS EVSECONDITIONS SPECIFICATIONS SITE ECIFICATIONS SITE CONDITIONS PARKING CONDITIONS ADDITIONAL ELEMENTSEVSE SPECIFICATIONS CONDITIONS CONDITIONS ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS SITE PARKING IONS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS SITE CONDITIONS PARKING CONDI SITEADDITIONAL CONDITIONSELEMENTS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS SITE CONDIT ECIFICATIONS SITE CONDITIONS SITE CONDITIONS SITE CONDITIONS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS CATIONS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS EVSESITE SPECIFICATIONS CONDITIONS SITE CONDITIONS VSE SPECIFICATIONS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS OPERATIONS

LEGAL

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

MARKET ANALYSIS

ACCESSIBILITY PARKING SPACE LOCATION MOUNTING APPROACH EVSE PROTECTION LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHIC TECHNOLOGY ACCESSIBILITY SPACE SIZE PARKING SPACE LOCATION PROTECTION TYPE OF ESVE WEATHER SLOPED PARKING SPACES TING TYPE OF ESVE EVSE PROTECTION VISIBILITY SIGNAGE PARKINGACCESSIBILITY SPACE LOCATION OBSTACLES/HAZARDS METERING LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE MOUNTING APPROACH PEDESTRIAN TRAFFI SIGNAGE TYPE OF ESVE 4) SERVICE STATION PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE SLOPED PARKING SPACES VISIBILITY SPACE SIZE CONNECTORS PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION TIME MOUNTING APPROACH RING LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE EVSE PROTECTION ACCESSIBILI LIGHTING CONNECTORS WATER POOLING WEATHER PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC TECHNOLOGY PRIORITIES FOR SERVICE STATION CHARGING OBSTACLES/HAZARD SPACE SIZE EVSE PROTECTION WEATHERSPACE SIZE TYPE OF ESVE OBSTACLES/HAZARDS PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION CONNECTORS PARKING SPACE LOCATION SLOPED PAR WEATHER ACCESSIBILITY LIGHTING SPACE SIZE LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME NOLOGY WEATHER DEMAND PEDESTRIAN OBSTACLES/HAZARDS LIGHTING SIGNAGE VISIBILITY WATER POOLING TYPE OF METERING ESVE LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME HOST LOCATION SLOPED PARKING SPACES ON-STREET TRAFFIC NTING APPROACH WATER POOLING VISIBILITY PARKING SPACE LOCATION SLOPED PARKING SPACES CONNECTORS LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE MOUNTING APPROACH PARKING SP LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC WEATHER VISIBILITY SLOPED PARKING SPA AGE METERING WATER POOLING VISIBILITY EVSE COST OBSTACLES NTING APPROACH WEATHER SPACE SIZE TECHNOLOGY EVSE ACCESSIBILITY CONSTRUCTION PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION METERING MOUNTING APPROACH PROXIMITY TOPROTECTION POWER SOURCE CONNECTORS ON-STREET TRAFFIC LIGHTING SERVICE UPLOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION WEATHER ACCESSIBILITY OF ESVE ON-STREET TRAFFIC GRADE SPACE SIZE PARKING SP LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME OBSTACLES/HAZARD PARKINGWATER SPACE POO ORIE VISIBILITY ACCESSIBILITY TECHNOLOGY PROTECTIONREVENUE LIGHTING TYPE OF ESVE ACCESSIBILITY FISCAL IMPACTS SIGNAGE SLOPED PARKING SPACES VISIBILITYON-STREET TRAFFIC PARKINGPEDESTRIAN SPACE LOCATION TECHNOLOGY TRAFFIC OF ESVE PROXIMITY APPROACH TO ELEVATOR PROXIMITY TO POWE MOUNTING LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME PARKING SPACE LOCATION TYPE OF ESVE METERING PEDESTRIAN VISIBILITY REGULATIONS PROXIMITY TOTRAFFIC POWER SOURCE WATER LOCATION SLOPED PARKING SPACESPOOLING ECTORS PARKING SPACE LOCO LAND USE MOUNTING APPROACH SIGNAGE PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC ACCESSIBILITY LIABILITY CONNECTORS METERING PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION ACCESSIBILITY EVSE PROTECTION ON-STREET SIGNAGE LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE PROXIMITY OBSTACLES/HAZARDS TERMS WEATHER TO POWER SOURCE PROXIMITY TO BUILDING NECTORS TECHNOLOGY LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE PROXIMITY TO ELEVA OBSTACLES/HAZARDS ENTRANCE TION TYPE OF ESVE CONNECTORS ACCESSIBILITY PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR IMAGE 6. BEAVERTON, OR THE EVSE IS INTEGRATED INTO EXISTING LOCATION OF PORT O SPACE SIZE ON-STREET TRAFFIC OBSTACLES/HAZARDS TH OF CHARGING TIME EVSETRAFFIC PROTECTION PEDESTRIAN INFRASTRUCTURE. IT IS LOCATED BETWEEN OTHER GAS PUMPS AS TO NOT WEATHER LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY TYPE OF ESVE PARKING SPACE LOCATION CHARGING VEHICLE MAY OBSTACLES/HAZARDS WATER POOLING FOR UPPROXIMITY EVSE PROTECTIONBLOCK TRAFFIC SINCE THE PEDESTRIAN UTILITY LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME TRAFFICBE PROXIMITY TOPARKED ELEVATOR VISIBILITY TO HALF AN HOUR. EQUIPMENT PROXIMITY TO BUILD EVSE WATER POOLING SIGNAGE TH OF CHARGING TIME MOUNTING APPROACH PARKING SPACE LOCATION PROXIMITY TO BUILDING PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC EVSE ENTRANCE LENGTHPOOLING OF CHARGING TIME CONNECTORS WATER SLOPED PARKING SP PROXIMITY TO POWE OBSTACLES/HAZARDS ENTRANCE WATER POOLING SIGNAGEVISIBILITY LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE METERING PROXIMITY TO BUILDING WEATHER PROXIMITY EVSECONNECTORS OBSTACLES/HAZARDS ON-STREET TRAFFIC NTINGService APPROACH ! ACCESSIBILITY station charging will most closely approximate the experi1) The type of EVSE most appropriate will likely be DC fast EVSE PROTECTION ENTRANCE TIME ence of gasoline fill stations,!and will likely be accommodated LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE ON-STREET TRAFFIC OBSTACLES/HAZARDS charging. Allowing customers to quickly charge up while in WEATHER PARKING SPACE ORI TYPE OF ESVE WATER POOLING at existing service station locations. This type of charging will TIME transit is the most important aspect of this context. LENGTH OF CHARGING PROXIMITY TO ELEVA ON-STREET TRAFFIC WEATHER EVSE EVSE PROTECTION prioritize speed and convenience, allowing drivers to pullACCESSIBILITY in offEVSE theTECHNOLOGY WATER POOLING ON-STREET TRAFFIC PROXIMITY ! LENGTH EVSE road and top off a battery in order to continue for distances. 2) Clear markings for EVSE charging is essential in order to VISIBILITY WEATHER PROXIMITY OFlonger CHARGING TIME TO POWER SOURCE PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC Service station operators may have to contend with negative cusavoid customer confusion, as POOLING many DC fast EVSE modelsENTRANCE MOUNTING APPROACH WATER OF ESVE PROXIMITY TOLocation POWER SOURCE PARKING tomer perception about the proximity of electricity and gasoline, resemble standard gasoline pumps. on the serviceSPACE LOC VISIBILITY EVSE PROXIMITY EVSEPROXIMITY CONNECTORS but in fact, this scenario does not present any clear additional user station site must not interfere with vehicles accessing the TO BUILD TO POWER SOURCE ON-STREET TRAFFIC ! SIGNAGE PPROACH VISIBILITY hazard. gasoline pumps. PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURC ENTRANCE MOUNTING APPROACH ON-STREET TRAFFIC ACCESSIBILI VISIBILITY OBSTACLES/HAZARDS PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR 3) Protecting DC fast chargers from the elements at outMOUNTING APPROACH WEATHER NECTORS LOCATION OF PORT O PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR EVSE TYPE OF ESVE door locations is both ON-STREET a customer TRAFFIC amenity and desirable !POWER SOURCE ACCESSIBILITY safety precaution for electrical devices. PROXIMITY TO LENGTH PROXIMITY OF CHARGING TOTIME ELEVATOR EVSE PROTECTION ACCESSIBILITY OBSTACLES/HAZARDS WEATHER PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR WATER POOLING PROXIMITY TO BUILDING 4) Service stations willPROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE PEDESTRIAN need to partner with EVSE networks ACCESSIBILITY TYPEEVSE OF ENTRANCE ESVE appropriate TO charge-for-charge model. VISIBILITYor establish their ownPROXIMITY PROXIMITY BUILDING EVSE TO POWER SOURCE TH OF CHARGING TIME APPROACH TYPE OF CONNECTORS ESVE PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC MOUNTING ENTRANCE PROXIMITY TO BUILDING WATER POOLING 5) Customer amenities are crucial, as driversTRAFFIC will need a PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR PEDESTRIAN PROXIMITY TO BUILDING VISIBILITY EVSE safe place to wait for up to a half hour while their vehicle ENTRANCE OBSTACLES/ PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC MOUNTING APPROACH ON-STREET TRAFFIC charges. Rest stops already have these options, but ENTRANCE ! CONNECTORS standard service stations may need to consider a covered ACCESSIBILITY PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR OBSTACLES/HAZARDS seating area or expanding the convenience retail model to CONNECTORS LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME PROXIMITY TO BUILDING include a cafÃ©. OBSTACLES/HAZARDS TYPE OF ESVE ! ON-STREET TRAFFIC WEATHER WATER POOL EVSE ACCESSIBILITY ENTRANCE PROXIMITY TO BUILDING OBSTACLES/HAZARD EVSE PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE HARGING TIME ENTRANCE TO BUILDING TYPE OFPOOLING ESVE PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC PROXIMITY EVSE EVSEWATER LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE) 25 WATER POOLING ENTRANCE LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME CONNECTORS PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC VISIBILITY !

SITE CONDITION

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS

FIGURE 21. SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL FLEET PARKING

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

TYPE OF ESVE TECHNOLOGY SPACE SIZE TYPE OF ESVE EVSE PROTECTION OBSTACLES/HAZARDS MOUNTING APPROACH

ON-STREET TRAFFIC VISIBILITY PARKING WEATHER SPACE LOCATION PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC

PARKING CONDITIONS SITEPARKING CONDITIONS SIGNAGE EVSE SPECIFICATIONS TIME CONNECTORS CONDITIONS SLOPED PARKING SPACES ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS WATER POOLING CONNECTORS PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE PARKING CONDIT ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS ACCESSIBILITY SITE CONDITIONS SPACE SIZE PRIORITIES FOR COMMERCIAL FLEET CHARGING RING LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE

ELEMENTS 5) FLEET

OBSTACLES/HAZARDS VISIBILITY WEATHER OBSTACLES/HAZARDS SPACE SIZE SPACE SIZE WEATHER DEMAND PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR WATER POOLING OLOGY WATER POOLING ACCESSIBILITY VISIBILITY SLOPED PARKING SPACES CONNECTORS MOUNTING APPROACH SLOPED PARKING SPA TYPE OFPARKING ESVE SPACE LOCATION VISIBILITY TO BUILDING PROXIMITY EVSEMETERING OBSTACLES/HAZARDS PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION GE EVSE COST MOUNTING APPROACH METERING PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE ENTRANCE CONSTRUCTION ON-STREET SPACE SIZE PEDESTRIAN TRAFFICTRAFFIC ACCESSIBILITY ON-STREET TRAFFIC PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION SERVICE UPLIGHTING LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME PARKING SPACE ORIEN WEATHER GRADE CONNECTORS TYPE ! OFTECHNOLOGY ESVE SPACE SIZE WATER POOLING ACCESSIBILITY PARKING SPACE LOCATION TECHNOLOGY PROTECTION LIGHTING PROXIMITY TO ELEVATORSLOPED OBSTACLES/HAZARDS PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURC TYPE OF ESVE PARKING SPACES PEDESTRIAN PARKING SPACE LOCATION PROXIMITY TOTRAFFIC POWER SOURCE EVSE PARKING SPACE LOCA REGULATIONS METERING VISIBILITY SIGNAGE SLOPED PARKING SPACES LAND USE CONNECTORS PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE MOUNTING APPROACH SIGNAGE ON-STREET TRAFFIC PROXIMITY TO BUILDING WATER POOLING METERING PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION OBSTACLES/HAZARDS LOCATIONPROXIMITY OF PORT ON TOVEHICLE ELEVATOR ENTRANCE CONNECTORS TION PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR IMAGE 7. FRITO LAY COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE TRUCKS SUCH AS SMITHOF PORT ON LOCATION TECHNOLOGY ELECTRIC’S NEWTON, PICTURED ABOVE, USE THE SPACE STANDARD J1772 PARKING ORIENTATION ACCESSIBILITY EVSE PROTECTION OBSTACLES/HAZARDS SPACE SIZE UTILITY USE PROPRIETARY ADAPTERS. EVSE PROTECTION CONNECTOR, BUT MANY FLEETS LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE LIGHTING WEATHER EQUIPMENT PARKING SPACE LOCATION TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY ESVE WATER POOLING PROXIMITY EVSE ON-STREET TRAFFIC TO BUILDING SCENARIOS PROXIMITY TO BUILDING EVSE LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME SIGNAGE ENTRANCE PARKING SPACE POOLING LOCATION ENTRANCE WATER PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC SLOPED PARK PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR SIGNAGE Commercial trucking represents a growth area for EV use. Benefits 1) Proximity to building entrances is a different considerLOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE VISIBILITY ! fleets an important METERING ation for fleet vehicles.ON-STREET CONNECTORS PROXIMITY TO POWER For green loading acces-SOURCE TRAFFICzones, TING associated APPROACHwith reduced air!pollution will make EV WEATHER such as option for inner city freight hubs. Several large corporations, sibility to freight entrances and elevators is the primary EVSE PROTECTION LOCATIONoperators OF PORTmay ON VEHICLE OBSTACLES/HAZARDS FedEx, Frito Lay and Duane Reade have begun to incorporate EVs into consideration. For other fleet charging, PARKING SPA EVSE WEATHER ON-STREET TRAFFIC their commercial fleets. Green desire a location further from building entrances so as not EVSE loading zones will be located at delivery PROXIMITY TO BUILDING WEATHER EVSE PROTECTION locations and will designate areas near loading docks, orACCESSIBILITY on the street TECHNOLOGY to impede delivery traffic or other industrial operations. ENTRANCE PROXIMITY TOSOURCE ELEVATOR adjacent to building freight entrances, LENGTH and eliminate the environmental OF CHARGING TIME PROXIMITY TO POWER VISIBILITY hazards associated with idling diesel engines. However, fleet use is not 2) Length of stay for fleet vehicles will help site planners to WATER POOLING OF ESVE PROACH PARKING SPA limited to delivery vehicles. University or medical campuses, governdetermine the appropriate level of charge. For green loading PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURC VISIBILITY ! are all incorporating EVs. All fleet ments and car share companies zones with a fast turnaround, DC fast charging may become VISIBILITY SIGNAGE the norm, although level 2 will be more cost effective APPROACH PEDESTRIAN vehicles will need a place to chargeEVSE overnight atMOUNTING their home parking TRAFFIC and PROXIMITY TO BUILDING MOUNTING APPROACH location. standard for the immediate future.TO ELEVATOR PROXIMITY ACCESSIBILITY WEATHER EVSE ENTRANCE ECTORS LOCATION OF TRAFFIC 3) Overnight chargingON-STREET is necessary but may place a burden ACCESSIBILITY PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR on the existing systems. Most industrial locations will ACCESSIBILITY EVSE PROTECTION OBSTACLES/HAZARDS WEATHER ! already have access to heavy power in the buildings, but TYPE OF ESVE PROXIMITY TO BUILDING EVSE bringing power to the charging location will add to installaTYPE OF ESVE PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC ENTRANCE VISIBILITY tion costs and the addition of numerous largeSOURCE EV batteries PROXIMITY TO POWER H MOUNTING OF CHARGING TIME EVSE PROXIMITY TO BUILDING EVSE to the circuit will dramatically increase the system’s load. APPROACH PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC WATER POOLING Local electrical service transmission capacity is a central PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC ENTRANCE VISIBILITY ! concern, and site designers will work with the local utility CONNECTORS MOUNTING APPROACH OBSTACLES/HAZARDS to ensure that any necessary upgrades are made. CONNECTORS ACCESSIBILITY ! PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR OBSTACLES/HAZARDS EVSE OBSTACLES/HAZARDS TYPE OF ESVE ARGING TIME WEATHER ON-STREET TRAFFIC ACCESSIBILITY EVSEWATER POOLING LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME TYPE OF ESVE PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC TIME LENGTH OF CHARGING PROXIMITY TOSUPPLY BUILDING EVSE WATER POOLING SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE EQUIPMENT (EVSE) 27 WATER POOLING ENTRANCE CONNECTORS PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC VISIBILITY TYPE OF MOUNTING ESVE APPROACH EVSE PROTECTION SPACE ORIENTATION LIGHTINGPARKING LENGTH LIGHTING OF CHARGING TIME LENGTH OF CHARGING TIMESPACES ON-STREET TRAFFIC SLOPED PARKING

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS

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ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

MARKET ANALYSIS

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS PARKING CONDITIONS TIONAL ELEMENTS CONDITIONS CONDITIONS ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS SITE PARKING

CIFICATIONS

CATIONS

SPECIFICATIONS

ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS SITE CONDITIONS

SITE CONDITIONS

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS EVSE SPECIFICATIONS SITE CONDITIONS

PARKING CO

SITE CONDITIONS SITE CONDITIONS

SITE CONDITIONS

EVSE SPECIFICATIONS

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EVSE SPECIFICATIONS

RESOURCES Advanced Energy. Charging Station Installation Handbook for Electrical Contractors and Inspectors, Version 1. (Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Advanced Energy Corporation, 2011). http://www.advancedenergy.org/transportation/evse/Charging%20Handbook.pdf. Advanced Energy. Community Planning Guide for Plug-In Electric Vehicles. (Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Advanced Energy Corporation, 2011.) http://www.advancedenergy.org/ transportation/resources/Community%20Planning%20Guide.pdf. Clean Cities. Plug-In Electric Vehicle Handbook for Public Charging Station Hosts. (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy, 2012). http://www.afdc.energy.gov/pdfs/51227.pdf. ECOtality North America. Lessons Learned - The EV Project EVSE Signage, Award #DEEE0002194. (Phenoix, AZ: ECOtality North America, 2012). http://www.theevproject.com/ downloads/documents/Signage%20Initial%20Issue%204-20-2012.pdf. Electric Transportation Engineering Corporation. Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Deployment Guidelines for the Oregon I-5 Metro Areas of Portland, Salem, Corvallis and Eugene. (Pheonix, AZ: Electric Transportation Engineering Corporation, April 2010). http:// www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/OIPP/docs/evdeployguidelines3-1.pdf. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, Revision 1. Vol. 77 No. 93. 23 C.F.R. 655 (May 14, 2012). http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-05-14/pdf/2012-11712. pdf. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, Revision 2. Vol. 77 No. 93. 23 C.F.R. 655 (May 14, 2012). http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-05-14/pdf/201211710.pdf. National Electrical Contractors Association. Standard for Installing and Maintaining Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE), NECA 413-2012. (Bethesda, MD: National Electrical Contractors Association, April 2011). http://www.necanet.org/store/products/index.cfm/ NECA%20413-12. John MacArthur and Colin Rowan. Charging Foward: Lessons Learned from the First Six Months at Electric Avenue. (Portland, OR: Oregon State University, June 2012). http://www. pdx.edu/electricavenue/sites/www.pdx.edu.electricavenue/files/ElectricAveLessonsV1.pdf. Puget Sound Regional Council. Electric Vehicle Infrastructure: A Guide for Local Governments in Washington State. (Olympia, WA: Washington Department of Commerce, July 2010). http://www.psrc.org/assets/4325/EVI_full_report.pdf. Sustainable Transportation Strategies. Site Design for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations. (Albany, NY: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, July 2012). http:// www.revi.net/downloads/NYSERDA%20Site%20Design%20for%20EV%20Charging%20 Stations.pdf?id=4294988404&dl=t.

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)

IMAGE CREDITS Image 1. SAE J1772-2010 Electric Vehicle Charges. JPG Digital Image, http://carstations.com/ types/j09 (accessed August 14, 2012) and SAE’s J1772 ‘combo connector’ for AC and DC charging advances with IEEE’s help. JPG Digital Image, http://www.sae.org/mags/aei/10128 (accessed July 29, 2012). Image 2. Ozawa, Ryan. Electric Vehicle Parking. Available from: Flickr. JPG Digital Image, http:// www.flickr.com/photos/hawaii/6879222319/ (accessed August 11, 2012). Image 3. Electric Vehicle Charging stations. Available from: IKEA. JPG Digital Image, http:// www.ikea.com/us/en/store/burbank/activities (accessed August 11, 2012). Image 4. Yasukawa, Mitsu. Chris Neff of Mendham charges his car at an electric charging station in parking lot A on the campus of Bergen County Community College. JPG Digital Image, http://www.northjersey.com/news/environment/Electric_car_tour_stops_in_Paramus_ to_charge_up_at_Bergen_Community_College.html?page=all (accessed August 14, 2012). Image 5. Plug-in Prius Prototype. JPG Digital Image, http://www.plugincars.com/exclusivetoyota-explains-its-position-electric-cars.html (accessed August 14, 2012). Image 6. Tenney, Sam. A new Chevron station at the corner of Allen and Murray boulevards in Beaverton features an eco-roof, a geothermal system, a solar array, and an electric-vehicle charging station. Available from: Daily Journal of Commerce Oregon. JPG Digital Image, http://djcoregon.com/news/2011/10/04/beaverton-gas-station-goes-green-with-help-fromeugene-company/ (accessed August 12, 2012). Image 7. Frito-Lay Smith EV. Available from: Fleets and Fuels (Business Intelligence For Clear Transportation Professionals). JPG Digital Image, http://www.fleetsandfuels.com/fuels/ cng/2012/05/100-more-smith-evs-for-frito-lay/ (accessed August 16, 2012).

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)