XfrogPlants Volume Bundle Table of Contents : Africa. . . . . . . . . . Agriculture. . . . . . Asia. . . . . . . . . . . Autumn. . . . . . . . Basic. . . . . . . . . . Blossoming. . . . . . Bonsai. . . . . . . . . Europe 1 . . . . . . . Europe 2 . . . . . . . Europe 3 . . . . . . . EU Groundcover . . Flowers 1. . . . . . . Flowers 2. . . . . . . Flowers 3. . . . . . . Fruit . . . . . . . . . . Home Garden. . . .
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HousePlants. . . . Japan . . . . . . . . Landscaping. . . . Mediterranean. . Oceania 1. . . . . . Oceania 2. . . . . . Oceania 3. . . . . . Prehistoric . . . . . Red Sea. . . . . . . Shrubs. . . . . . . . Tropical . . . . . . . USA Conifers . . . USA East . . . . . . USA Southwest. . USA West. . . . . . Index. . . . . . . . .
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XfrogPlants | Africa
XfrogPlants AFRICA Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2013 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
AFRICA
A Foreword about African Ecosystems Africa is a large continent, and as such, it features a huge diversity of ecosystems or “biomes”, many of which presents unique characteristics related to the specific conditions of particular areas. On this page, we introduce only a few basic, generic types of African ecosystems, as a “user guide” for the non-specialist, in order to help him/her use the XfrogPlants African models appropriately in digital recreations of African landscapes. These generic categories do not describe all the complexity and specific varieties, nor they go into the necessary depth: both tasks going beyond the purpose of this manual. The basic differences with the temperate world regions must be kept in mind. For instance, in a large part of Africa, the seasonal turn in broadleaf trees is not determined by temperature, like in the temperate world, but by precipitations: broadleaf trees lose their leaves in the dry season. This situation also affects evergreens: several of them are in fact classified as semi-evergreens, because depending on the region they live in, or on possible drought, they can temporarily lose their leaves in order to survive a difficult circumstance.
The Main Generic African Ecosystems Probably the most typical of African ecosystems is the Savannah (called Bushveld in Southern Africa), which dominates a large part of Eastern and South-Eastern Africa. The Savannah is, in fact, divided into several subtypes, bearing significant differences from each other. We outline the basic ones:
GRASSLAND SAVANNAH
In this type of Savannah, only grasses can survive the temperatures and the scarcity of water and soil nutrients.
SHRUBLAND SAVANNAH
There, grasses are joined by small shrubs, usually deciduous or semi-evergreen. Occasionally, where there is deep water, you can also find isolated small trees (usually acacias and other drought-resistant species) or palms (usually Doum palms).
BUSHLAND SAVANNAH
Bushland Savannah is the intermediate area between Shrubland and Woodland Savannahs. It is probably the most diffused type of Savannah, and the one that hosts the bigger variety of animal life. There, in addition to grasses and shrubs, you can find a variety of larger bushes, small and medium-sized trees. You can sometimes also find the majestic lonesome Baobab.
WOODLAND SAVANNAH
Woodland Savannah hosts a variety of trees of small, medium and also large sizes, alternated with large clearings. Woodland Savannah only occurs where the yearly precipitations insure enough water quantity and change for the full development of trees. The ground is usually rockier than the other types of Savannah, and there are sometimes areas subject to seasonal floods (read about them later). Savannahs of course are only a part of the African landscape. Here’s the description of the other biomes:
XfrogPlants
AFRICA Another significant presence on the African continent is that of forests. There are, of course, different types of forest ecosystems. Here’s the main ones:
EQUATORIAL FOREST
Also called Rain Forest, this type of forest is found over the so-called Equatorial Belt, that is, the large longitudinal area that follows the Equator line from East to West. Due to differences in the land conformation, the Equatorial Belt is larger and denser on the West side of Africa than it is on the East side. This ecosystem is characterized by constant temperatures and constant, high levels of precipitation all year long. For this reason, it mostly hosts evergreen species.
RIVERINE (“TUNNEL”) FOREST
The riverine forest features a somehow similar vegetation to that of the Equatorial forests, but occurs only along rivers and streams, even on regions that are not Equatorial but more typically Tropical. This means that they can be found even on drier lands, and when seen from above, they look like big green tunnels running through ochre land — hence their name.
COASTAL AND DUNE FOREST
Coastal forest can have many sub-types depending on the shape and altitude of the land. It is impossible to cover them all here, but they have some common points: vegetation must be salttolerant, wind-resistant, and able to grow on very poor soils (rocky, gravely, or sandy).
SWAMP FOREST
Swamp forests host very different species compared to the other types of forest. There, the vegetation must be able to live in a partial or (like is the case of some plants) even total immersion in the waters. Mangroves are the most immediately recognizable vegetation of this type.
MOUNTAIN FOREST
AS the name suggests, these are the tropical forests that cover mountain sides. Being characterized by the altitude, they are usually formed by a mixture of conifers and broadleaves, both of which must be able to resist the occasional or seasonal tropical drought periods.
SEASONAL FLOOD AREAS
These areas are characterized by regular seasonal floods of water courses which afterwards retreat. They can occur in diverse areas (most commonly in low-altitude savannah plains) and are very different from the swamp forests, so you must not mistake one for the other. The vegetation on seasonal flood areas is usually formed by palms and hydrophilous tall plants.
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AFRICA DESERTS
Deserts cover a large part of the African continent. There are several types and sub-types of deserts, but for ease we can summarize them into two main types: sandy deserts (such as Sahara), and rocky deserts. In Africa, you can find both, in many local sub-varieties. Vegetation life in deserts is usually limited to a few and very specialized species (usually succulents).
ARID AND SEMI-ARID AREAS
Arid areas are those areas surrounding the properly said deserts. Differently from deserts, arid areas feature subterranean waters (at different levels of depth), and receive a slightly larger and longer amount of precipitations. In the arid areas you can find succulents of tree-like sizes, but you also can occasionally find real trees, shrubs, and palms, located over underground waters.
MOUNTAIN GRASSLAND
Grasslands are not only found in low– and mid-altitude savannahs, but also on mountain sides and table-land, where the altitude is too high for trees to grow, or the rainfall is too scarce, or the soil is too poor, or a combination of the above. Mountain Grassland looks significantly different from Grassland Savannah: it is usually much greener and more sparsely distributed.
MOUNTAIN BUSHLAND
You can find Mountain Shrubland at mid– and high-altitudes, where the rainfall would allow for the growth of large trees but the soil is too rocky, steep, or poor in nutrients to host them. There, less demanding shrubs and small trees cover the land, usually in a sparse, low-density fashion.
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01.
Umbrella Acacia
AFRICA
( Acacia tortilis )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Eastern and South-Eastern Africa Environment : Bushland and shrubland savannah; on hill slopes, river terraces, dry courses Climate : Hot, warm; drought-resistant African Names : Mgunga (Swahili), Ol-gorete, Ol-tepesi (Maasai) Notes : This is a very common species, widespread over most savannah Africa. There are about 100 Acacia species in Africa. This one can appear with flat or umbrella-shaped crown. When young, it curiously looks like a triangular shrub. The combination of the different age shapes gives the Eastern Africa savannah it’s typical look. Pods and leaves are highly nutritional. Elephants also eat the bark. Giraffes browse the foliage careless of the dense thorns.
Adult 15 m
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AFRICA
Medium 10 m
Young 3m shrubby
01. Umbrella Acacia ( Acacia tortilis )
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02.
Arrow Poison
AFRICA
( Acokanthera venenata / oppositifolia )
Shrub/Tree, semi-evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Eastern and South-Eastern Africa Environment : Woodland savannah, dry forest margins, river forests Climate : Warm, mild; on well-drained soil African Names : Mururu (Kikuyu), Ol-morijoi (Maasai), Mukweu (Kamba) Notes : Arrows Poison is a small tree or shrub that is common in wooded places in a variety of South-Eastern Africa habitats. Like most members of Apocynaceae family (e.g. Oleander and Bottle Trees), it is lethally poisonous in all parts and in very small doses: a case has been recorded of a man who died by eating meat grilled on the fire of Arrow Poison’s wood! As the name obviously implies, the bark, root and leaves are used to prepare poison for arrows.
Adult 7m
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AFRICA
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Medium (1) 4m Medium (2) 3m dead (higher branch detail)
02. Arrow Poison ( Acokanthera venenata / oppositifolia )
03.
Baobob
AFRICA
( Adansonia digitata )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Eastern Africa (from Sahara borders to Kenya, Tanzania, Botswana) Environment : Dry hot shrubland, bushland, and woodland savannah Climate : Hot, warm, mild; drought-tolerant; frost-intolerant African Names : Mbuyu (Swahili), Ol-mesera (Maasai), Maramba (Pare),
Isimuku (Zulu), Mowana (Tswana), Kremetartboom (Afrikaans)
Notes : Not really a tall tree (up to 20 m.), Baobab has a trunk that can grow larger than 10 meters! It grows single in open spaces because it’s a too weak competitor for forests, due to it’s very slow growth. It is mostly found in hot dry areas, but this must not deceive: Baobabs thrive if planted in rainy areas, as long as the soil is well drained. Baobab is one of the longest living trees, the biggest exemplars being 2,000 years old. It can survive total cuts and fires.
Adult (1) 20 m
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AFRICA
Medium 12 m polycormic
Adult (2) 14 m barren (higher branch detail)
03. Baobab ( Adansonia digitata )
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04.
Tree Aloe
AFRICA
( Aloe bainesii / barberae )
Arboreal Evergreen Plant Shape : Upright Origin : Natal (South Africa) Environment : Wooded ravines, coastal bush, high-rainfall mountain grassland Climate : Warm, mild, temperate; drought-tolerant; frost-intolerant African Names : Boomaalwyn (Afrikaans), Inkalane enkulu (Zulu) Notes : This solitary-growing, tree-looking succulent plant with a thick trunk and two– or three-forked branches grows of preference on rocky ground and slopes. It can tolerate a wide range of temperatures and soil types, but requires a full sunlight or light shade position. It loves rainy summers, but tolerates drought. It is the largest of tree aloes, being able to sometimes reach heights of up to 18 meters!
Adult 10 m multi-branched
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AFRICA
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Medium (1) 7m Medium (2) 4m
Young 1.5 m
04. Tree Aloe ( Aloe bainesii / barberae )
05.
Egyptian Carissa
AFRICA
( Carissa edulis )
Shrub/Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Eastern Africa (Ethiopia) Environment : Shrubland savannah, dry forest edges Climate : Hot, warm African Names : Mtanda-mboo (Swahili), Muyonza (Luganda), Manka (Chagga) Notes : Also known as Natal Plum, this scrambling, spiny shrub is widespread throughout Eastern Africa, from Southern Egypt to Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, down to Northernmost South Africa. It is the most commonly found shrub in bushland savannah. Carissa is used to treat malaria, intestinal worms and as pregnancy painkiller. The edible fruits are an alternative food source during famine.
Adult 5m
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AFRICA
Young 2m
Medium 3.5 m
05. Egyptian Carissa ( Carissa edulis )
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06.
River Wild Pear
AFRICA
( Dombeya kirkii )
Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : South-Eastern Africa (Zimbabwe, Mozambique) Environment : Low-altitude bushland savannah, usually in riverline thickets Climate : Warm African Names : Rivierdrolpeer (Afrikaans) Notes : The Dombeya genus includes over 190 species of shrubs and small trees, all known for their large soft leaves and their blossoming. They usually grow at forest margins and along rivers, and thrive best in light shade. The River Wild Pear is typically found along rivers (hence the common name), grows very fast, and is much appreciated by black rhinos, who eat both the leaves and bark!
Adult 4m
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AFRICA
Medium 2.5 m
Young 1m
06. River Wild Pear ( Dombeya kirkii )
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07.
Kei Apple
AFRICA
( Dovyalis caffra / Aberia caffra )
Shrub/Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : South Africa Environment : Coastal forests, bushland savannah, riverline thickets Climate : Warm, mild, temperate; moderately frost-resistant African Names : Keiappel (Afrikaans), Kaiyaba (Kikuyu) Notes : The Kei Apple is a much-branched thorny shrub or small tree whose large orange fruits are edible, although acidic, and used to make excellent jam. It is a hardy species, that is often found at altitudes above 1,200 meters. It prefers well-drained soils. The foliage is a much appreciated food for wild animals. Kei Apples are tolerant of salt and drought, and often found as coastal shrub.
Adult 5m
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AFRICA
Young 1.5 m
Medium 3m
07. Kei Apple ( Dovyalis caffra / Aberia caffra )
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08.
Dragon Tree
AFRICA
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( Dracaena draco )
Arboreal Evergreen Plant Shape : Upright, with rounded crown Origin : Canary Islands (large of Western Sahara coasts) Environment : Dry bush, at low altitudes, on rocky ground and slopes Climate : Hot, warm; in full sunlight; frost-intolerant
Notes : Dracaena is an African genus of arboreal plants. The Dragon Tree owes his name to the myth of the 11th labour of Hercules, who killed Landon, a hundredheaded dragon whose blood gave birth to this tree. A very slow grower, it takes it 15 or more years to reach an height of 1 meter! It is flowering that causes the branches to split, which happens regularly every 10 years and gives this plant it’s regular shape. The Dragon Tree can live very long, over 1,000 years.
Adult 10 m
AFRICA
Medium 5m
08. Dragon Tree ( Dracaena draco )
Young 3m
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09.
Bushman’s River Cycad
AFRICA
( Encephalartos altensteinii )
Evergreen Cycad Shape : Broad Origin : Natal (South Africa) Environment : Coastal and river sites, in open shrubland or leaning
from steep rocky slopes; closed evergreen forests in valleys Climate : Warm, mild African Names : Oos-Kaapse broodboom (Afrikaans)
Notes : Also known as Eastern Cape Cycad, or Bread Tree Cycad, this species belongs to the Encephalartos genus, whose name, of Greek origin, means “bread in the head”. This refers to the Hottentots’ practice of burying the pith for two months before baking it as bread. The burial destroys the toxins in the pith. It is a longlived species, but like the whole genus, it is classified as endangered.
Adult 7m leaning from ravine
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AFRICA
Young 1.5 m
Medium 4.5 m group
09. Bushman’s River Cycad ( Encephalartos altensteinii )
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10.
Forest Sandpaper Fig
AFRICA
( Ficus exasperata )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central Africa Environment : In evergreen forests, also in secondary forests Climate : Warm African Names : Woudskurwevy (Afrikaans), Msasa Notes : This species (one of the over 800 in the Ficus genus!) is widely distributed throughout Central Africa, from Mozambique, Zambia and Northern Angola to Senegal and Ethiopia. It is also found in Southernmost Arabian peninsula and Southern India. The leaves are very rough on both sides, and for this reason they are widely used as a substitute for sandpaper, and also for medical applications in traditional medicine.
Adult 18 m in clearing
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AFRICA
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Young 3m in forest, leaning for light
Medium 14 m in forest
10. Forest Sandpaper Fig ( Ficus exasperata )
11.
African Doum Palm
AFRICA
( Hyphaene thebaica )
Palm Shape : Branching; sparsely clustering Origin : Northern and North-Eastern Africa Environment : Open savannah, near coasts, along streams in arid inland Climate : Hot, warm; dry; highly salt– and draught-resistant African Names : Mkoma, Mkoche (Swahili), Eng’oli (Turkana), Mlala (Giriama) Notes : Also known as Gingerbread Palm, it is one of the very few truly branching palms. It can even grow in arid areas near deserts, as long as there are subsurface waters that it’s deeply penetrating roots can reach. It is a landmark of Eastern Africa bushland savannah, where it often appears mixed with flat-top acacias, and is heavily browsed by elephants. It was revered by early Egyptians and often depicted on their frescoes. Seeds have been found in Pharaos’ tombs.
Adult 10 m clump
XfrogPlants
AFRICA
Medium 6m
Young 4m
11. African Doum Palm ( Hyphaene thebaica )
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12.
African Mahogany
AFRICA
( Khaya ivorensis )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : West Equatorial Africa (Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria) Environment : Equatorial forests, riverine fringe forests Climate : Warm; humid African Names : Akuk, Bandoro, Degema, Acajou, Bisselon, Bitehi, Diala iri, Eri Kiree, Ogwango
Notes : The African Mahogany is one of the largest jungle trees, often 45 m. tall. It is widely diffused, in several local varieties, throughout the Equatorial region of West Africa. It can grow in a multi-trunk shape. The scarcity of Honduras’ true Mahogany has led to an increasing use of African Mahogany for timber wood use. The wood is excellent for furniture and boat building.
Adult 30 m polycormic
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AFRICA
Medium 15 m
12. African Mahogany ( Khaya ivorensis )
Young 5m
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13.
Wild Peach
AFRICA
( Kiggelaria africana )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Southern Africa Environment : Inland and coastal forests, wooded ravines, rocky outcrops in
grasslands, bushland and woodland savannah Climate : Warm, mild; in full sunlight; moderately frost-hardy African Names : Wildeperske (Afrikaans), umKokoko (Xhosa), uMunwe (Zulu)
Notes : This robust low-branching tree is widely diffused in Southern Africa, from Kenya to Western Cape. Some people think that touching it will attract lighting, but the South Sotho use it to protect their kraals. The common name is because of the juvenile leaves being similar to Peach tree leaves. Many birds choose this tree as their home, because of the evergreen foliage.
Adult 20 m
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AFRICA
Young 3m Medium 7m
13. Wild Peach ( Kiggelaria africana )
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14.
African Boxwood
AFRICA
( Myrsine africana )
Shrub, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Rounded Origin : Southern and Eastern Africa Environment : Forest margins, bush clumps, in sunlight or shade Climate : Warm, mild; salt-resistant African Names : Mirting (Afrikaans) Notes : Also known as Cape Myrtle, this densely branched shrub grows on well-drained soil and is sometimes considered an invasive weed. It is salt-hardy and for this reason often found along coasts in the Cape region of South Africa. In Ethiopia and Kenya the African Boxwood is widely used for treatment of malaria, tuberculosis and tape worm disease. Crushed leaves are aromatic. An almost identical species grows in Eastern Asia.
model 1 2m clump
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AFRICA
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model 3 1m single, withered
model 2 1.5 m single
14. African Boxwood ( Myrsine africana )
15.
Triangle Palm
AFRICA
( Neodypsis decaryi )
Palm Shape : Triangular Origin : South-Eastern Madagascar Environment : Dry forests, on poor soil, in full sunlight or partial shade Climate : Warm; moderately cold-resistant; extremely draught-resistant
Notes : The Triangle Palm is immediately unmistakeable, because of the leaves precisely arranged in three planes of symmetrical columns. It’s native of a very small region of South-eastern Madagascar, where it is seriously threatened of extinction because people collects so many seeds for export that the palms can not regenerate themselves. The extraordinary visual charm of this species is turning it into a more and more successful landscape decoration item.
Adult 8m
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AFRICA
Medium 4m Young 2m
15. Triangle Palm ( Neodypsis decaryi )
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16.
Large Bottle Tree
AFRICA
( Pachypodium geayi )
Arboreal plant Shape : Upright Origin : South-western Madagascar Environment : On rocky slopes, in full sunlight, on very well drained soil Climate : Hot, warm, mild; dry or arid; extremely draught-resistant
Notes : Pachypodium is a genus of African succulent arboreal plants that comprises 23 species, 18 native of Madagascar and 5 native of the continent. They are all xerophyte, meaning that they live in dry or even arid conditions, both because of the long dry season (up to 10 months) and because they grow on rocky, sandy or gravely soils, that do not retain water and nutrients. They can survive cold winters, but their leaves die and they fall in dormant state. The big trunk of Pachypodium geayi resembles a bottle shape, hence the common name.
Adult 10 m
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AFRICA
Medium 5m Young 1.5 m
16. Large Bottle Tree ( Pachypodium geayi )
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17.
Senegal Date Palm
AFRICA
( Phoenix reclinata )
Palm Shape : clumping; broad spreading Origin : Equatorial Africa Environment : along rivers, swamps, in forest clearings, on rocky mountain
sides, coastal dunes, seasonally flooded bushland savannah Climate : Hot, warm; cold-intolerant African Names : Mkindu (Swahili), Makindu (Kamba), Olpiroo (Arusha)
Notes : Also known as African Wild Date Palm, this densely clumping palm’s Latin name reclinata hints at the way the outer stems gently bend and lean forward. This species suckers vigorously, and an adult clump can sometimes count even 20 stems! Wild and unpruned, it quickly forms walls of clumps that are nearly impenetrable to man. It grows from sea level to 3,000 m. altitude, in full sunlight.When occurring in low-altitude bushveld, it is browsed by elephants.
Adult 15 m leaning
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AFRICA
Young 4m
Medium 9m leaning
17. Senegal Date Palm ( Phoenix reclinata )
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AFRICA
Baby 2m
Root Suckers 1.5 m
17. Senegal Date Palm ( Phoenix reclinata )
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18.
Yellowwood
AFRICA
( Podocarpus falcatus )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Eastern and South-Eastern Africa Environment : Upland rain forests; occasionally in coastal and sand forests Climate : Warm, mild, temperate; humid African Names : Ol-pirripirri (Maasai), Muthengera (Kikuyu), Mvavavi (Chagga), Outeniekwageelhout (Afrikaans), Umsonti (Zulu)
Notes : This beautiful conifer is reported to occasionally reach heights of 45 to 60 m. (which make of it one of the tallest African trees), but is more often found at adult heights of 25-30 m. It is an upland forest tree, usually growing in the altitude range from 1,500 to 2,400 m. The Maasai people use it’s bark to cure stomachache. The wood is excellent quality, used for furniture and sculpture.
Adult 25 m
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AFRICA
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Medium 15 m
Young 6m
18. Yellowwood ( Podocarpus falcatus )
19.
White (Giant) Bird Of Paradise
AFRICA
( Strelitzia nicolai )
Arboreal Plant Shape : Upright; clumping Origin : South-Eastern Africa (Eastern Cape, Natal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique) Environment : Coastal dune vegetation, evergreen coastal forests Climate : Warm, mild; salt- and drought-tolerant; frost-intolerant African Names : Natal Wieldepiesang (Afrikaans), Igceba (Zulu), Ikhamanga Notes : Also known as Natal Wild Banana (but not related to real Banana), this spectacular plant is sometimes classified as tree because of the huge dimensions (up to 12 m. high and 4 m. wide) and the tough stem. It grows in dense clumps created by roots suckers. The leaf blades can reach a length of 2 m. Its dense formations offer a vital shelter to many bird species of the sea and river.
Adult 12 m inside clump
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AFRICA
Medium 5m Young 2m
Baby 1m
19. White (Giant) Bird Of Paradise ( Strelitzia nicolai )
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20.
Tamarind
AFRICA
( Tamarindus indica )
Tree, semi-evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Equatorial Africa (from Nigeria to Madagascar) Environment : Woodland savannah (often on termitaria), river forests Climate : Warm to hot (tolerates big heat); frost-intolerant. African Names : Timbingo (Mandinka) Dakah (Wollof) Mkwaju (Swahili) Mukoge (Luganda) Moya (Chagga) Tamarind (Afrikaans)
Notes : Native to Africa, Tamarind is spread today all over the Tropics, especially in India (hence the name). Native to humid regions, it tolerates prolonged draught, so you can even find it near deserts! Since the pods (of great food value) are harvested in the dry season, Tamarind is often planted by tropical farmers to minimise the risk of crop failure. It can grow up to 25 mt tall and 12 mt wide, with a lifespan of 200 years. It can produce up to half a ton of pods per year!
Adult 25 m
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AFRICA
Medium 15 m Young 5m
20. Tamarind ( Tamarindus indica )
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XfrogPlants | Agriculture
Lettuce Wheat
XfrogPlants AGRICULTURE Contents : 180 3D Models in: Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, .3DS and .XFR formats XFR can be edited with Xfrog 3.5 software (Purchased Separately) With Xfrog 3.5 Procedural Software, easily create your very own variations of Growth, Branching, Add or Reduce Model Complexity, and much more. 180 1600 x 1600, Billboard Renders 180 1600 x 1600, Perspective Renders Xfrog Software and Models: Xfrog User Group:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/Xfrog
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures, are copyright: © 2001 - 2010 Xfrog Inc Tel. 310 933 5949 Support3@xfrog.com All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business. If you wish to further distribute the content, e.g. models, textures, or derivative models, or model parts, inside a game title; or use the library in any multi-user context; please contact us for distribution licensing.
XfrogPlants Development : Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Rendering
Peter Fantke: Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
01. Oats ( Avena sativa )
AGRICULTURE
Annual grass Height : up to 90 cm. Origin : Mediterranean Environment : open fields, on well-drained soils;
can grow even on nutritionally poor ground Climate : temperate, cool; frost resistant
Notes :
Oats are common today as human food as they are as fodder for animals, but in the Ancient and Middle Ages they were only used to feed animals, because they were believed to be a mediocre unworthy food. Oats are really healthy food, especially because of their cholesterollowering properties. In Scotland Oats are highly esteemed and a part of the national diet. Oats are grown throughout the temperate zones. They have a lower summer heat requirement and greater tolerance of rain than other cereals like wheat, rye or barley. Variation 7 57 cm
xfrogplants
Variation 8 55 cm
Variation 9 65 cm
Variation 5 51 cm Variation 6 55 cm
01. Oats ( Avena sativa )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 4 40 cm Variation 3 33 cm
Variation 1 24 cm
Variation 2 26 cm
01. Oats ( Avena sativa )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
02. Tea ( Camellia sinensis )
AGRICULTURE
Tree/Shrub, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 3 m in cultivation (up to 20 m wild) Origin : China, Southeast Asia Environment : hillsides, open woodland Climate : warm and humid Notes :
The Tea plant is usually a shrub or small tree. In cultivation, it is kept at an average height of 3 meters and in a spreading shrub posture (subspecies Sinensis). But in the wild, the subspecies Assamica can grow up to 20 meters! More than 3000 different types of tea are created blending the leaves of different varieties of this tree. The Tea infusion was invented in China, but soon became the favourite drink of Japanese Buddist monks. World tea production is 3.15 million tonnes annually. The primary producer is China, followed by India.
Variation 9 70 cm
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Variation 7 138 cm
Variation 8 149 cm
Variation 5 89 cm Variation 6 114 cm
02. Tea ( Camellia sinensis )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 3 85 cm
Variation 4 88 cm
Variation 1 57 cm
Variation 2 63 cm
02. Tea ( Camellia sinensis )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
03. Chile Pepper ( Capsicum annuum )
AGRICULTURE
Perennial plant, often cultivated as annual Height : up to 150 cm Origin : Central and Southern America Environment : sunny plains and hillsides;
on rich, fertile, well-drained soils Climate : hot, warm; frost-intolerant
Notes :
Although native of dry hot climates, the Chili Pepper plant (in it's many varieties) can grow well also in temperate regions, as long as it is protected from frost. It can be an ornamental plant but it is mainly cultivated for the fruits, that can be long and narrow, or short and roundish, and are a much appreciated hot spice in many kitchen recipes. They also have antiseptic properties. China is, by far, the largest producer of Chili Peppers, followed by Mexico, Turkey, and United States.
Variation 7 89 cm
xfrogplants
Variation 8 91 cm
Variation 9 88 cm
Variation 6 87 cm
03. Chili Pepper ( Capsicum annuum )
Variation 5 62 cm
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 4 67 cm Variation 3 64 cm
Variation 1 34 cm
Variation 2 61 cm
03. Chili Pepper ( Capsicum annuum )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
04. Coffee ( Coffea arabica )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Perennial shrub/small tree Height : up to 5m (usually 2m) in cultivation, up to 12m wild Origin : Ethiopia (Kaffa region) Environment : highland Savannah Climate : warm and dry; cold-tolerant but frost-intolerant Notes :
Coffee is a small tree or shrub native of the Kaffa region of Ethiopia (hence the name). It grows best in the native conditions (1300-1500 meters altitude, at average temperature of 20° C), but it is also cultivated everywhere in warm climates. In cultivation, it is usually trimmed at 2 meters height, to make harvesting easier. It was Arabians who made coffee a popular drink worldwide. In North America and Europe one cup of coffee is drunk every three glasses of tap water. About 7 million metric tons of coffee are produced annually worldwide.
Variation 8 177 cm
Variation 7 154 cm
Variation 9 141 cm
Variation 6 138 cm
04. Coffee ( Coffea arabica )
Variation 5 125 cm
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 3 67 cm
Variation 4 128 cm
Variation 1 31 cm
Variation 2 57 cm
04. Coffee ( Coffea arabica )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
05. Artichoke ( Cynara scolymus )
AGRICULTURE
Perennial Plant Height : up to 2 m Origin : Mediterranean Environment : fertile soils, in full sun; requires regular irrigation; it does not survive freezing frost Climate : warm; moderately humid
Notes :
Artichoke is one of the world's oldest cultivated vegetables. The common name comes from the Arabic word ardi shauk (groundthorn), which was transported into ancient Italian word articiocco and from there into all western languages. Caterina de' Medici introduced the Artichoke to France and from there it was spread worldwide. The plant has important medical qualities, especially as liver protector. Today, Artichoke is widely cultivated in other warm areas of the globe such as California where it is a very large crop.
Variation 7 69 cm
xfrogplants
Variation 9 97 cm Variation 8 71 cm
Variation 6 59 cm Variation 5 56 cm
05. Artichoke ( Cynara scolymus )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 3 43 cm
Variation 4 48 cm
Variation 2 43 cm
Variation 1 34 cm
05. Artichoke ( Cynara scolymus )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
06. Strawberry ( Fragaria x ananassa )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Perennial plant Height : up to 30 cm. Origin : garden crossover of Fragaria Virginiana (Virginia
Strawberry) and Fragaria chiloensis (Beach Strawberry) Environment : light woodland, forest edges, on all soil types as long as moist and well-drained Climate : temperate; humid
Notes :
The Garden Strawberry is the most widely cultivated strawberry worldwide, and must not be confused with the common wild strawberry, Fragaria vesca (Woodland Strawberry), easily found in forests all over the Northern Hemisphere. The Strawberry, a member of Rosaceae family, was considered a flower of the Paradise and was commonly used in the arts as a symbol of Christ and the Trinity. The harvest period is mid April through May. Virtually the entire strawberry crop is hand-harvested.
Variation 8 43 cm
Variation 9 48 cm
Variation 7 41 cm
Variation 6 39 cm
Variation 5 42 cm
06. Strawberry ( Fragaria x ananassa )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 4 52 cm Variation 3 44 cm
Variation 2 37 cm
Variation 1 33 cm
06. Strawberry ( Fragaria x ananassa )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
07. Soybean ( Glycine max. )
AGRICULTURE
Annual plant Height : up to 130 cm Origin : Eastern Asia (Japan, China) Environment : hillsides, fields;
grows on many soils, as long as deep and fertile Climate : subtropical; warm, temperate; humid warm summers
Notes :
The Soybean (a.k.a. Soya) is a leguminous plant whose cultivation started as food crop for animals, but recently became increasingly important for human food, to make oil, margarine, flour, milk, and even as meat substitute. Soybean is the richest natural vegetable food, almost complete in nutrients. The United States is the world's leading soybean producer and exporter. Farm value of U. S. soybean production in 2003/04 was $18.0 billion, the second-highest value among U.S.-produced crops, trailing only corn. Soybeans equal about 90% of U.S. total oilseed production.
Variation 7 94 cm
xfrogplants
Variation 8 94 cm
Variation 9 100 cm
Variation 6 77 cm
07. Soybean ( Glycine max. )
Variation 5 71 cm
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 4 55 m
Variation 3 30 m
Variation 1 12 m
Variation 2 24 m
07. Soybean ( Glycine max. )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
08. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Annual plant Height : up to 40 cm. Origin : Pantropical (uncertain) Environment : open fields, in full sunlight; on neutral
or calcareous soils Climate : tropical, warm; dry; salt-resistant but frost-intolerant
Notes :
Cotton is one of the most industrially important plants of the world. The fiber is used in the textile industry, to produce all kind of clothes. The seeds are used for the oil (food and soap use), and the by-products are used in the animal food industry. The Cotton cultivation needs little water but requires warm and constantly increasing temperatures from germination to the final opening of capsules, and is therefore only possible in tropical or subtropical areas. United States are the 3rd world producer of Cotton, after China and India, but are the leading exporter, before Uzbekistan and India.
Variation 8 61 cm
Variation 7 54 cm
Variation 9 64 cm
Variation 5 43 cm
Variation 6 52 cm
08. Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 3 38 cm
Variation 4 45 cm
Variation 1 15 cm
Variation 2 26 cm
08. Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
09. Barley ( Hordeum vulgare )
AGRICULTURE
Annual grass Height : up to 1 mt, sometimes more Origin : Near and Middle East (Mesopotamia) Environment : plains, highlands and hillsides Climate : warm, temperate, cool; dry; tolerates extreme temperatures as long as humidity is low
Notes :
Barley is the fourth cereal crop in the world. It is largely used as cattle food, but it also has important properties for human health: it re-mineralizes bones and helps prevention of heart, lungs and stomach diseases. The Malt (germinated Barley) is the basic ingredient to produce beer since the ancient Babylon times! It is also a wellknown symbol of abundance and fertility, especially male. Variation 8 125 cm
xfrogplants
Variation 7 122 cm
Variation 9 120 cm
Variation 5 106 cm
Variation 6 103 cm
09. Barley ( Hordeum vulgare )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 4 108 cm
Variation 3 67 cm
Variation 1 43 cm
Variation 2 51 cm
09. Barley ( Hordeum vulgare )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
10. Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Annual or Biennial plant Height : up to 90 cm. Origin : Mediterranean Environment : open land; in full sun or half shade;
on fresh, rich, fertile well-drained soil Climate : warm, temperate; cold-resistant
Notes :
An ancient crop, Lettuce was used for food in the Mediterranean basin for at least 4500 years. The name "Lactuca" comes from Latin lactis (milk), and hints at the milkish white juice of the plant, whose mild opiate-like properties were known by Romans and Egyptians, who used to eat Lettuce at the end of the meals to induce sleep. Lettuce is rich in minerals and their pigmented varieties also contain antioxidants. It is an important crop in Europe, but a minor one in the USA, with approximately 78,000 acres produced annually in California.
Variation 7 20 cm
Variation 9 33 cm
Variation 8 30 cm
Variation 6 21 cm
Variation 10
Variation 5 19 cm
10. Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 3 21 cm
Variation 4 21 cm
Variation 1 12 cm
Variation 2 16 cm
10. Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
11. Lavender ( Lavandula angustifolia )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Perennial plant Height : up to 2 m (1 m outside native area) Origin : West Mediterranean Environment : in full sun; thrives on rich, deep, well-
drained soil, but grows also on rocky arid terrains Climate : warm, temperate; frost-intolerant
Notes :
Lavender is a Mediterranean shrub that is cultivated worldwide because of the beautiful scented flowers. The name Lavanda is a Latin verb meaning "to be washed", and hints at the Latins' habit of using Lavender flowers to scent the water for washing themselves. Today, Lavender is mostly used for garden decoration, but essential oil and tea with curative properties are also produced. Lavender ranks high as a sustainable crop because it does not rely on pesticides and fertilizers.
Variation 4 57 cm
Variation 8 71 cm
Variation 9 72 cm
Variation 6 65 cm
Variation 7 65 cm
11. Lavender ( Lavandula angustifolia )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 3 52 cm
Variation 5 61 cm
Variation 2 44 cm
11. Lavender ( Lavandula angustifolia )
Variation 1 46 cm
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
12. Ryegrass ( Lolium perenne )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Perennial grass Height : variable, from 10 to 40 cm. Origin : Europe, Western Asia, Northern Africa Environment : grasslands Climate : temperate Notes :
Ryegrasses exist in both annual and perennial varieties. The perennial species such as Lolium perenne are most suited to live in cool climates as they remain green the whole year. It's thick dense growth makes it ideal both for decorative gardens and for sports (golf courses), but it's also widely cultivated as pasture and forage plant. Unfortunately, it's also one of the most aggressive graminaceae to allergy-affected people. Ryegrass is the principal grazing grass in New Zealand where some 10 million kilograms of certified seed are produced every year.
Variation 9 58 cm
Variation 8 48 cm Variation 7 55 cm
Variation 5 63 cm
Variation 6 62 cm
12. Ryegrass ( Lolium perenne )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 4 55 cm
Variation 3 65 cm
Variation 2 32 cm
12. Ryegrass ( Lolium perenne )
Variation 1 14 cm
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 11
Variation 10
12. Ryegrass ( Lolium perenne )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
13. Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Perennial plant Height : up to 2 m (usually 1m) Origin : Central America Environment : highlands and hillsides Climate : temperate Notes :
Central American natives used to use Tobacco as hallucinogenic drug for ritual ceremonies, and also simply for food, long before the arrival of the Europeans. In Europe and North America Tobacco became quickly a highly successful plant, although even in the early times it's smoke was criticized as dangerous for the health. The cultivation of Tobacco was one of the main reasons that started the slaves commerce from Africa to North America. World tobacco production is projected to reach over 7.1 million tonnes of tobacco leaf in the year 2010, up from 5.9 million tonnes in 1997/99. The number of smokers is expected to grow of about 1.5 percent annually, up to 1.3 billion smokers in 2010.
Variation 8 79 cm
Variation 7 77 cm
Variation 9 79 cm
Variation 5 76 cm
Variation 6 76 cm
13. Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 3 56 cm
Variation 4 58 cm
Variation 1 29 cm
Variation 2 40 cm
13. Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
14. Rice ( Oryza sp. )
AGRICULTURE
Annual or Perennial grass Height : up to 2 m (normally 1 m) Origin : tropical and sub-tropical Southern Asia, South-
eastern Africa Environment : Humid plains; some species need to grow in a swamp environment Climate : warm, temperate; humid
Notes :
The Oryza genus of grasses includes 22 wild species and 2 cultivated species, of which Oryza sativa (Common Rice) is the most popular. Rice is the most cultivated and consumed cereal across the world, and therefore the most important food source for the human race. The cultivation requires a lot of irrigation, and for some species also a three month immersion in swamps; for this reason, rice is widely cultivated in high rainfall areas.
Variation 7 60 cm
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Variation 9 74 m
Variation 8 67 m
Variation 5 57 m
Variation 6 57 m
14. Rice ( Oryza ssp. )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 3 49 m
Variation 4 41 m
Variation 2 36 m
14. Rice ( Oryza ssp. )
Variation 1 38 m
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
15. Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum )
AGRICULTURE
Annual plant Height : from 50 cm up to 2 m, depending on the posture Origin : Central and Southern America
(from Mexico to Peru) Environment : fields, grasslands, sunny hillsides; in full sun Climate : warm, mild, temperate; frost-intolerant
Notes :
Tomato belongs to the Solanaceae family of plants, that also includes Tobacco, Chili Peppers and Potato. The original Aztec name was Tomati. Even if known in Europe since the discovery of America, for a long time Tomato was considered poisonous and planted only for decoration. The first kitchen use is documented in an Italian recipe of the beginning of 18th century, and the first industrial production started in Parma around 1850. The tomato is today grown worldwide. A total 125 million tonnes per year are produced. The main producer is China with 31 tonnes per year.
Variation 9 108 cm
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Variation 7 164 cm
Variation 8 177 cm
Variation 5 157 cm
Variation 6 146 cm
15. Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 3 148 cm
Variation 4 144 cm
Variation 1 135 cm
Variation 2 131 cm
15. Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 10
15. Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
16. Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Annual grass Height : up to 6 m. Origin : Southern Africa Environment : open land; on many soils,
from arid to waterlogged Climate : hot and dry; can also grow in cool and humid regions
Notes :
Sorghum is a big and densely seeded grass which grows in the South of Africa. Although native of hot dry areas, it can grow practically everywhere. There are many cultivars of this species (the last verified number is 571). Sorghum comes in two main variants: White Sorghum, sweeter, grain crop, good for human food, and Red Sorghum, less tasty, good for making beer and as cattle fodder. Variation 4 205 cm
Variation 9 257 cm
Variation 8 250 cm
Variation 6 188 cm
Variation 7 238 cm
16. Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 5 241 cm
Variation 3 159 cm
Variation 1 26 cm
Variation 2 64 cm
16. Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
17. Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Annual herb Height : up to 30 cm. Origin : Central and Southwestern Asia Environment : open fields; on fertile sandy loams,
high in organic matter; needs moist at ground level Climate : temperate, warm; humid
Notes :
Spinach was cultivated in Iran over 2000 years ago. Cultivation in Europe started with Greeks and Romans. The name derives from the Persian word ispanai (green hand) which became spinachia in Latin. The Arabs named it "Prince of Vegetables". Spinach can have about double iron content than average vegetables. Their shallow roots can not reach deep water, thus their cultivation requires constant irrigation.
Variation 9 17 cm
Variation 7 9 cm
Variation 8 16 cm
Variation 6 8 cm Variation 5 8 cm
17. Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 4 7 cm
Variation 3 7 cm
Variation 1 6 cm
Variation 2 6 cm
17. Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
18. Wheat ( Triticum ssp. )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Annual grass Height : up to 80 cm. Origin : Southwest Asia Environment : open fields, in full sunlight Climate : warm, temperate Notes :
Wheat is cultivated worldwide and ranks as the second largest cereal crop behind Corn. From it's flour, bread, pasta, cakes and cookies are made all over the world. The plant is also used for fermentation, to make beer, alcohol, vodka. The cultivation of Wheat dates back to the Neolithic period! Today, the production of wheat is insufficient to cover the needs of mankind. 2006 was the first year when the demand of wheat was higher than the offer, and the gap between need and production will keep widening.
Variation 13
Variation 8 111 cm
Variation 9 95 cm
Variation 6 96 cm
Variation 7 99 cm
18. Wheat ( Triticum ssp. )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 3 51 cm Variation 4 68 cm
Variation 5 68 cm
Variation 1 40 cm
Variation 2 42 cm
18. Wheat ( Triticum ssp. )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 15
Variation 14 Variation 12
Variation 10
Variation 11
18. Wheat ( Triticum ssp. )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
19. Grape Vine ( Vitis vinifera )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Perennial plant Height : variable, usually not higher than 3 m. Origin : Southeastern Europe, Middle East Environment : hillsides; in full sun Climate : warm, temperate; dry Notes :
The Grape Vine (a.k.a. European Vine) was already cultivated by Sumerians 5000 years ago. In Caucasian Europe the plant was cultivated for food, while in Mediterranean Europe it was cultivated for the wine. Today, the original European Vine is almost extinct because of a roots disease. So farmers grafted European Vine into the roots of American Vine, and thanks to this "surgery" we are still able to drink and enjoy wine today. Spain, France, Italy and Turkey are the nations that dedicate the widest areas to the grape cultivation. 71% of world’s grape production is used for wine, 27% as fresh fruit, and a small 2% as dried fruit. Variation 6 152 cm
Variation 8 189 m
Variation 9 197 m
Variation 5 141 m
Variation 7 191 m
19. Grape Vine ( Vitis vinifera )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 4 143 m Variation 3 114 m
Variation 1 121 m
Variation 2 118 m
19. Grape Vine ( Vitis vinifera )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
20. Corn ( Zea mays )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Annual plant Height : up to 3 m. Origin : Mexico Environment : hillsides, fields; in full sun Climate : warm, temperate; cold-intolerant Notes :
Also known as Maize, Corn (short for "Indian Corn") is the largest crop in all of the Americas (270 million tons yearly in the USA alone). The name mays comes from the Arawak (Caribbean native tribe) word for the plant. The very rapid growth (3 cm per day!) has made it a very popular crop worldwide. Corn is used as both human and animal food. Today, it is often manipulated into genetic variations, of which Sweetcorn is the most popular.
Variation 8 291 m
Variation 7 289 cm
Variation 9 303 cm
Variation 5 270 cm
Variation 6 271 cm
20. Corn ( Zea mays )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
Variation 3 210 cm
Variation 4 221 cm
Variation 1 46 cm
Variation 2 76 cm
20. Corn ( Zea mays )
AGRICULTURE
xfrogplants
XfrogPlants | Asia
XfrogPlants ASIA Contents : 180 3D Models in: Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ or .3DS formats. 180 1600 x 1600 Billboard Renders 180 1600 x 1600 Perspective Renders Xfrog Software and Models: Xfrog User Group:
(with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/Xfrog
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2015 Xfrog Inc Tel. 323 798 4602 support@xfrog.zendesk.com All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business. If you wish to further distribute the content, e.g. models, textures, or derivative models, or model parts, inside a game title; or use the library in any multi-user context; please contact us for distribution licensing.
XfrogPlants Development: Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
Matthew Cohn : Documentation
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
01. Golden Bamboo (
Bambusa vulgaris )
ASIA
xfrogplants
Plant Height : up to 20m Origin : Madagascar or southern China Environment : moist soils on open ground in low altitudes Climate : tropical/warm Notes :
Golden Bamboo is grown widely throughout the tropics and subtropics. It is also one of the largest species of bamboo, and is easily recognizeable growing in large, dense tufted clums. It grows rapidly year round, and spreads mainly through its roots or rhizomes. Golden Bamboo is a popular ornamental plant but can also used in construction, as a food source and for erosion control.
Variation 8 12.7 m
Variation 2 2.6 m
Variation 4 3.6 m
01. Golden Bamboo ( Bambusa vulgaris )
Variation 1 1.9 m
Variation 3 3.2 m
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 6 6.2 m
Variation 5 4.0 m
Variation 9 3.4 m Variation 7 11.3 m
01. Golden Bamboo ( Bambusa vulgaris )
ASIA
xfrogplants
02. Flame of the Forest (
Butea monosperma )
ASIA
xfrogplants
Tree, deciduous flowering Height : up to 15 m Origin : India and Southeast Asia Environment : forests and open grassland Climate : dry, tropical and subtropical Notes :
Flame of the Forest, also called Dhak or Palah, is a slow-growing, medium-sized tree native to India. The tree gets its name from the vibrant red-orange flowers that bloom in from January to April. These bright flowers are used to create traditional colors for Holi, the Hindu spring festival. Flame of the Forest trees are also used for timber, resin, fodder and dye.
Variation 9 11.2 m
Variation 1 2.6 m Variation 2 3.7 m
Variation 3 4.3 m Variation 4 4.8 m
02. Flame of the Forest ( Butea monosperma )
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 5 6.4 m
Variation 6 7.1 m
Variation 7 9.1 m
Variation 8 10.0 m
02. Flame of the Forest ( Butea monosperma )
ASIA
xfrogplants
03. Jaggery Palm (
Caryota urens )
ASIA
xfrogplants
Palm Height : up to 20 m Origin : Sri Lanka, India and Myanmar Environment : fields and rainforest clearings Climate : monsoon climates and peri-humid regions Notes :
The Jaggery Palm, also known as fishtail palm or toddy palm, grows in the understory of moist flatlands and low mountain rain forests. Distinct, evenly spaced rings on the trunk are scars formed by fallen leaves. The Jaggery Palm begins to produce flowers when it reaches approximately 6 m. It is frequently used as an ornamental tree; commonly planted in gardens or parks.
Variation 7 7.0 m
Variation 3 4.4 m
Variation 4 5.3 m
Variation 1 3.5 m
03. Jaggery Palm ( Caryota urens )
Variation 2 4.0 m
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 6 6.5 m
Variation 5 6.2 m
Variation 8 8.5 m
03. Jaggery Palm ( Caryota urens )
Variation 9 9.6 m
ASIA
xfrogplants
04. Golden Shower Tree (
Cassia fistula )
ASIA
Tree, flowering deciduous Height : up to 20 m Origin : India and South Asia Environment : forests Climate : dry, tropical/subtropical Notes :
The Golden Shower Tree blossoms in early spring into summer, and the flowers hang together in groups sometimes entirely covering the tree in bright yellow. The tree is both a popular ornamental plant as well as a component in herbal medicine. Golden Shower Tree is the national tree of Thailand, and its flowers are a symbol of Thai royalty.
Variation 9 12.1 m
xfrogplants
Variation 2 4.0 m
Variation 4 7.0 m
Variation 3 5.0 m
Variation 1 3.0 m
04. Golden Shower Tree ( Cassia fistula )
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 5 7.7 m
Variation 6 9.0 m
Variation 8 11.2 m
Variation 7 10.2 m
04. Golden Shower Tree ( Cassia fistula )
ASIA
xfrogplants
05. Quince (
Cydonia oblonga )
ASIA
xfrogplants
Tree/shrub, deciduous Height : up to 8 m Origin : Caucasus region of Asia Environment : moist soil and full sun Climate : warm-temperate, frost-resistant Notes :
Related to apples and pears, the Quince is cultivated around the world for its bright golden fruit. Though too hard and sour to be eaten raw, it can be made into jams and jellies or roasted and baked. In the spring, Quince trees produce light pink blossoms, making it popular as an ornamental plant as well.
Variation 9 3.8 m
Variation 2 2.8 m
Variation 1 2.2 m
Variation 4 4.4 m
Variation 3 3.6 m
05. Quince ( Cydonia oblonga )
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 6 5.3 m
Variation 8 5.8 m
Variation 5 5.0 m
Variation 7 5.8 m
05. Quince ( Cydonia oblonga )
ASIA
xfrogplants
06. Banyan (
Ficus bengalensis )
ASIA
Tree, evergreen Height : up to 20 m Origin : India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh Environment : monsoon and rainforests Climate : warm, moist Notes :
The Banyan is most notable for its aerial roots, which grow into sturdy trunks once they reach the ground. Old trees can cover an extremely wide area as they grow this way. The Great Banyan, located near Kolkata, India, is over 200 years old, covers over two acres and has hundreds of trunks. The Banyan is also considered sacred in India, and can often be found by temples.
Variation 5 8.7 m
xfrogplants
Variation 2 5.2 m
Variation 4 6.7 m
Variation 1 4.0 m
Variation 3 6.0 m
06. Banyan ( Ficus bengalensis )
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 7 10.5 m
Variation 9 13.8 m Variation 6 8.0 m
Variation 8 13.5 m
06. Banyan ( Ficus bengalensis )
ASIA
xfrogplants
07. Weeping Fig (
Ficus benjamina )
ASIA
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Height : up to 30 m Origin : Southeast Asia and Australia Environment : rainforest Climate : tropical/temperate Notes :
Also called Benjamin’s Fig or Ficus Tree, the Weeping fig is one of the most common and popular species of ficus. Its glossy oval leaves make it a favorite ornamental plant, both as an indoor houseplant or in landscaping as hedges or shrubs. In its natural environment however, the Weeping Fig can grow to tremendous heights.
Variation 8 11.4 m
xfrogplants
Variation 2 5.1 m
Variation 1 3.4 m
Variation 4 6.7 m Variation 3 5.0 m
07. Weeping Fig ( Ficus benjamina )
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 6 6.0 m
Variation 7 8.0 m
Variation 9 11.5 m
Variation 5 8.2 m
07. Weeping Fig ( Ficus benjamina )
ASIA
xfrogplants
08. Rubber Fig (
Ficus elastica )
ASIA
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Height : up to 40 m Origin : India and Indonesia Environment : rainforest Climate : wet, tropical Notes :
The Rubber Fig is a large tree in the fig family which grows broad, glossy oval shaped leaves. Young Rubber Figs have large leaves, while they are much smaller on older trees. It is commonly grown in warmer climates outdoors as an ornamental plant, and in colder climates it is popular as a houseplant. While a type of rubber can be made from its sap, the Rubber Fig is not used in commercial rubber production.
Variation 6 11.2 m
xfrogplants
Variation 2 2.9 m
Variation 4 5.7 m Variation 1 2.2 m
Variation 3 4.8 m
08. Rubber Fig ( Ficus elastica )
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 8 8.4 m
Variation 9 8.5 m
Variation 5 9.0 m
Variation 7 13.3 m
08. Rubber Fig ( Ficus elastica )
ASIA
xfrogplants
09. Common Jasmine (
Jasminum officinale )
ASIA
Vine/bush, flowering Height : up to 3 m Origin : Central Asia Environment : open plains and hillsides Climate : moist soil and partial sun Notes :
Common Jasmine has been used to beautify gardens for hundreds of years. It is grown for its fragrance and can be used to make essential oils and certain varieties of tea. Jasmine grows as a creeping vine, on a trellis or as a bush, and can be pruned to use in hedges. Its delicate white flowers bloom from spring to fall and open at night.
Variation 5 1.9 m
xfrogplants
Variation 1 2.0 m
Variation 2 2.0 m
Variation 4 1.7 m
Variation 3 2.0 m
09. Common Jasmine ( Jasminum officinale )
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 6 1.2 m
Variation 9 2.8 m
Variation 8 2.8 m
Variation 7 2.2 m
09. Common Jasmine ( Jasminum officinale )
ASIA
xfrogplants
10. Giant Crape Myrtle (
Lagerstroemia speciosa )
Tree, deciduous flowering Height : up to 20 m Origin : Southeast Asia Environment : open forests, grasslands and along rivers Climate : tropical/subtropical Notes :
Also known as the Queen’s Crape Myrtle or the Banabá, the Giant Crape Myrtle is a popular ornamental plant due to its bright pink flowers. Flowers grow in long panicles and they blossom from summer to autumn. Its leaves are used in preparation of types of tea, and Banabá extract is used as a natural health supplement.
Variation 5 4.0 m
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 1 2.1 m Variation 3 2.3 m
Variation 2 2.1 m
Variation 4 3.9 m
10. Giant Crape Myrtle ( Lagerstroemia speciosa )
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 7 4.0 m
Variation 9 6.7 m
Variation 6 5.4 m
Variation 8 5.9 m
10. Giant Crape Myrtle ( Lagerstroemia speciosa )
ASIA
xfrogplants
11. Chinaberry Tree
( Melia azedarach )
ASIA
Tree, deciduous Height : up to 15 m Origin : India and Southeast Asia Environment : seasonal forests and woodlands Climate : tropical/warm temperate Notes :
The Chinaberry Tree blossoms in the spring, growing clusters of small white lilac-like flowers. After flowering, it produces small light yellow fruits which are poisonous to humans. The Chinaberry Tree can grow very large, and its wood produces high quality timber. This tree is highly adaptive, and was brought to the United States in the early 1800s, but is now considered an invasive species.
Variation 4 11.4 m
xfrogplants
Variation 5 5.8 m
Variation 1 5.6 m
Variation 3 9.0 m
Variation 2 7.4 m
11. Chinaberry Tree ( Melia azedarach )
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 7 10.8 m
Variation 8 5.9 m
Variation 9 6.8 m
Variation 6 5.7 m
11. Chinaberry Tree ( Melia azedarach )
ASIA
xfrogplants
12. Curry Leaf Tree (
Murraya koenigii )
ASIA
Tree/shrub, deciduous Height : up to 6 m Origin : Southern India Environment : forests Climate : tropical/subtropical Notes :
The Curry Leaf Tree is most well known for its fragrant leaves and their use as a seasoning in Indian and Sri Lankan cuisine. The English word curry comes from the Tamil term kari, meaning soup or sauce. The Curry Leaf Tree blossoms in the spring, producing small white flowers. In the summer, it grows small, edible, dark red fruits.
Variation 8 6.5 m
xfrogplants
Variation 1 0.9 m
Variation 3 1.6 m
12. Curry Leaf Tree ( Murraya koenigii )
Variation 4 1.7 m
Variation 2 1.3 m
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 9 6.4 m
Variation 6 2.8 m Variation 5 2.0 m
Variation 7 3.8 m
12. Curry Leaf Tree ( Murraya koenigii )
ASIA
xfrogplants
13. Mazari Palm ( Nannorrhops ritchiana ) Palm Height : up to 3 m Origin : Afghanistan and Pakistan Environment : desert Climate : dry, adapted to hot and cold Notes :
The Mazari Palm grows in clumps, with several stems sprouting from a single base. Native to the desert, the Mazari Palm is suited to an extreme range hot and cold conditions. It is a fan palm with long, smooth, bluegreen leaves that are used for basket weaving, roof thatching or rope making.
Variation 8 2.6 m
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 1 0.75 m Variation 2 0.8 m
Variation 4 1.2 m
Variation 3 1.3 m
13. Mazari Palm ( Nannorrhops ritchiana )
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 5 1.7 m
Variation 7 1.9 m
Variation 9 3.4 m
Variation 6 1.9 m
13. Mazari Palm ( Nannorrhops ritchiana )
ASIA
xfrogplants
14. Persian Ironwood (
Parrotia persica )
ASIA
Tree, deciduous Height : up to 30 m Origin : Iran Environment : mountain forests Climate : mild, cool Notes :
The Persian Ironwood is a member of the Hamamelidaceae family, related to witch hazel, sweet gum and witch-alder. It often has multiple trunks or a short trunk that forks close to the ground. The Persian Ironwood is native to the slopes of the Alborz Mountains and around the Caspian Sea, but it is now a popular ornamental tree found throughout Europe and the United States.
Variation 7 15.4 m
xfrogplants
Variation 2 4.5 m
Variation 1 2.7 m
Variation 4 8.7 m
Variation 3 5.9 m
14. Persian Ironwood ( Parrotia persica )
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 6 12.9 m
Variation 5 11.7 m
Variation 9 17.5 m
Variation 8 17.5 m
14. Persian Ironwood ( Parrotia persica )
ASIA
xfrogplants
15. Silver Date Palm (
Phoenix sylvestris )
ASIA
Palm Height : up to 15 m Origin : India Environment : plains, scrubland and along riverbanks Climate : tropical Notes :
The Sugar Date Palm grows naturally in many parts of India, but it is also one of the most popular species of palm and is cultivated as an ornamental tree around the world. It grows long feather-shaped leaves from the top of the trunk and which scar and form a distinct diamond pattern on its trunk as they fall off. The Sugar Date Palm produces an edible fruit which can be used to make jellies and wine.
Variation 7 3.1 m
xfrogplants
Variation 2 1.5 m Variation 1 1.1 m
Variation 4 2.5 m
Variation 3 2.1 m
15. Silver Date Palm ( Phoenix sylvestris )
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 6 2.9 m
Variation 5 2.5 m
Variation 9 2.7 m
Variation 8 3.8 m
15. Silver Date Palm ( Phoenix sylvestris )
ASIA
xfrogplants
16. Asiatic Mangrove (
Rhizophora mucronata )
Tree, evergreen Height : up to 30 m Origin : Southeast Asia Environment : tidal creeks and coastal areas Climate : wet, tropical Notes :
The Asiatic Mangrove grows on the banks of tidal creeks, around estuaries and in areas flooded by daily high tides. Like all Rhizophora species, the trunk is supported by arching stilt-roots which raise the tree above the water. This species seeds quickly and is widespread throughout the coasts of the Indian Ocean.
Variation 9 9.4 m
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 4 3.2 m
Variation 2 2.5 m
Variation 1 2.0 m
Variation 3 2.5 m
16. Asiatic Mangrove ( Rhizophora mucronata )
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 5 4.0 m
Variation 8 8.1 m Variation 6 6.1 m
Variation 7 6.8 m
16. Asiatic Mangrove ( Rhizophora mucronata )
ASIA
xfrogplants
17. Common Rhododendron (
Rhododendron ponticum )
Tree/shrub, evergreen flowering Height : up to 5m Origin : Western Asia Environment : mixed forests Climate : tolerates a wide range of temperatures Notes :
Common Rhododendron has been extensively cultivated around the world as ornamental plants. It grows clusters of violet-purple flowers which blossom in late spring and early summer. In Western Europe and parts of New Zealand however, it has become an invasive species, crowding out the native flora.
Variation 8 2.9 m
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 1 1.4 m
Variation 2 1.5 m
Variation 3 1.7 m
17. Common Rhododendron ( Rhododendron ponticum )
Variation 4 2.1 m
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 6 2.3 m
Variation 5 2.2 m
Variation 9 4.1 m
Variation 7 2.3 m
17. Common Rhododendron ( Rhododendron ponticum )
ASIA
xfrogplants
18. Indian Sandalwood (
Santalum album )
Tree, evergreen Height : up to 20 m Origin : Indonesia or Australia Environment : forests Climate : dry, tropical Notes :
The Indian Sandalwood is indigenous to India, Indonesia and Australia. It usually grows in dry forests or scrublands, but can also be found in coastal regions above the high water line and on cliffs above beaches. While it is desirable for its wood and its fragrant essential oil, the Indian Sandalwood is a protected species due to overharvesting.
Variation 6 10.4 m
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 3 8.6 m
Variation 2 6.8 m
Variation 1 4.8 m
Variation 4 2.1 m
18. Indian Sandalwood ( Santalum album )
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 7 15.2 m
Variation 9 19.1 m
Variation 5 9.6 m
Variation 8 18.1 m
18. Indian Sandalwood ( Santalum album )
ASIA
xfrogplants
19. Ashoka Tree (
Saraca indica )
ASIA
Tree, evergreen flowering Height : up to 10 m Origin : Central India Environment : rainforest Climate : warm, humid Notes :
The Ashoka Tree is famous for its brightly-colored fragrant flowers. From February to April, the tree grows large bunches of its vibrant yellow-orange blossoms which darken and turn red before wilting. Though it is widely cultivated, it is a vulnerable species and is becoming rarer in the wild. The Ashoka Tree is considered sacred throughout the Indian subcontinent and has many religious and folkloric associations.
Variation 9 9.2 m
xfrogplants
Variation 4 6.9 m
Variation 1.6 m Variation 2 2.3 m
Variation 3 5.4 m
19. Ashoka Tree ( Saraca indica )
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 6 3.4 m
Variation 8 6.3 m
Variation 5 2.7 m
Variation 7 5.2 m
19. Ashoka Tree ( Saraca indica )
ASIA
xfrogplants
20. Tropical Almond (
Terminalia catappa )
ASIA
Tree, deciduous Height : up to 35 m Origin : Southeast Asia Environment : coastal forests Climate : moist, tropical/subtropical Notes :
The Tropical Almond is grown in tropical areas around the world as an ornamental tree. It grows naturally on coastal plains, near river mouths and inland from beaches, and its spreading roots are vital to stabilizing coastlines. Though not a true almond, the Tropical Almond produces an edible nut with a similar taste.
Variation 9 5.5 m
xfrogplants
Variation 1 1.6 m
Variation 2 1.9 m
Variation 4 2.3 m
Variation 3 2.1 m
20. Tropical Almond ( Terminalia catappa )
ASIA
xfrogplants
Variation 6 2.7 m
Variation 8 4.7 m
Variation 5 3.2 m
Variation 7 3.9 m
20. Tropical Almond ( Terminalia catappa )
ASIA
xfrogplants
XfrogPlants | Autumn
XfrogPlants Autumn Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2014 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
01.
Japanese Maple
AUTUMN
( Acer palmatum )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : West Asia Environment : Forests Climate : Mild Notes :
The Japanese Maple is widely diffused in city parks all over the world, because of the gorgeous Autumn colours. Many cultivars have been produced of this tree, with different leaf sizes and colours. The Japanese Maple is sensitive to late frost and should be planted in a sheltered position. Japanese name : Iroha-momiji.
Adult 15 m
XfrogPlants
AUTUMN
Medium 7m
01. Japanese Maple ( Acer palmatum )
Young 3.5 m
XfrogPlants
02.
Norway Maple
AUTUMN
( Acer platanoides )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Europe (from Norway to Spain and Italy) Environment : Humid forests, from sea level to 1.200 m. Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :
A fast-growing tree, the Norway Maple grows preferably (like most maples) on a humid, well-drained soil. It loves both sun and half-shade. It is often planted in cities because it is pollution-resistant, and for the Autumn leaves which are often multi-coloured (red, yellow, and all shades in between).
Adult 20 m
XfrogPlants
AUTUMN
Medium 14 m
Young 5.5 m
02. Norway Maple ( Acer platanoides )
XfrogPlants
03.
Sycamore Maple
AUTUMN
( Acer pseudoplatanus )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southeast of Europe, Southwest of Asia Environment : mountain forests, up to 1,600 m. and above Climate : cool, cold Notes :
Also known as Sycamore Maple, the Mountain Maple is the largest of all maples. It grows fast, on deep, humid soils, in both sunlight or partial shade. The creamcoloured wood is highly prized for furniture and musical instruments. The name “pseudoplatanus” underlines the similarity of the leaves with those of the Planetree.
Adult 26 m
XfrogPlants
AUTUMN
Medium 15 m Young 4.5 m
03. Sycamore Maple ( Acer pseudoplatanus )
XfrogPlants
04.
Silver Maple
AUTUMN
( Acer saccharinum )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : East of North America (from Quebec to Florida) Environment : Humid places, river sides, on humid, well-drained soil Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :
The Silver Maple is a very fast growing, elegant tree often used for urban decoration. The back side of leaves has a silvery colour (hence the name), while the front side turns yellow-orange in Autumn. It likes full sunlight. It is cold-resistant, but the fragile wood is often broken by strong winds.
Adult 30 m
XfrogPlants
AUTUMN
Young 4m Medium 14 m
04. Silver Maple ( Acer saccharinum )
XfrogPlants
05.
Horse Chestnut
AUTUMN
( Aesculus hippocastanum )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southeast of Europe (Albania, Northern Greece) Environment : Mountain forests, up to 1,300 m. Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
Often used for urban decoration because of the beautiful shape, springtime blossoms and dense summer shadows. The “Horse Chestnut” name derives from an old Turkish habit of grinding the seeds for use as curative food for winded horses. One of the most popular trees for decorating city boulevards.
Adult 34.5 m
XfrogPlants
AUTUMN
XfrogPlants
Young 4m
Medium 14 m
05. Horse Chestnut ( Aesculus hippocastanum )
06.
Serviceberry
AUTUMN
( Amelanchier arborea )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central and Eastern USA Environment : Woodland, stream banks Climate : Mild Notes :
The Serviceberry is a very much appreciated tree for urban decoration because it makes spectacular sets in Spring (with clusters of white blossoms), Summer (with red fruits) and Autumn (with deep orange or red leaves). It requires humid, well-drained soils.
Adult 13 m
XfrogPlants
AUTUMN
Young 3.5 m
Medium 6.5 m
06. Serviceberry ( Amelanchier arborea )
XfrogPlants
07.
European Beech
AUTUMN
( Fagus sylvatica )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Europe (from Norway to Sicily) Environment : Mountain forests from 600 to 1.700 m. altitude Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The European Beech is one of Europe’s widest-ranged mountain trees. The slow growth rate, however, is causing it’s progressive replacement with the faster-growing spruce trees. The ground of beech forests is acid because of the very little light passing through. The beech wood can be easily bent, and has balsamic properties.
Adult 27 m
XfrogPlants
AUTUMN
Medium 17 m Young 1.5 m
07. European Beech ( Fagus sylvatica )
XfrogPlants
08.
Ginkgo
AUTUMN
( Ginko biloba )
Tree, deciduous ginkgo Shape : Broad conical Origin : China (long-time extinct in nature) Environment : Wild environment unknown Climate : Temperate Notes :
The Ginkgo (250 millions of years old) is one of the most ancient living beings on earth. It’s reproductive system is so old that no tree today has a similar one (only ferns and a few other plants). A long-time extinct in nature, Ginkgo has been preserved by monks, who cultivated it for thousands of years for it’s medical qualities. It is immune to pollution and to almost all of today’s parasites. Japanese name : Ichou.
Adult 30 m
XfrogPlants
AUTUMN
Medium 15 m
Young 6m
08. Ginkgo ( Ginkgo biloba )
XfrogPlants
09.
Honeylocust
AUTUMN
( Gleditsia triacanthos f. Inermis )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central North America Environment : fertile humid forests Climate : mild, temperate, cool Notes :
Gleditsia’s strong thorns (but the Inermis form is thornless) are the reason why it has been used to reinforce cattle fences. The fast growth and strong roots make it ideal for wasted areas where the ground is unstable. It is cold-resistant but short-lived. It was named after the famous German botanist Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch.
Adult 40 m
XfrogPlants
AUTUMN
Young 6m
Medium 19 m
09. Honeylocust ( Gleditsia triacanthos f. Inermis )
XfrogPlants
10.
European Walnut
AUTUMN
( Juglans regia )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Southeast of Europe, West Asia Environment : Valleys and river sides, in full sunlight, up to 1,000 m. Climate : Mild Notes :
Also known as Persian Walnut or English Walnut, this tree grows on fresh fertile soil, and is intolerant of both stagnation and dryness. The walnuts are highly appreciated, and the very strong wood is prized amongst the best for furniture. In the Middle Ages, the similarity of the fruit with the human brain led to the belief that it could cure mental illness.
Adult 30 m
XfrogPlants
AUTUMN
Young 6.5 m
Medium 17 m
10. European Walnut ( Juglans regia )
XfrogPlants
11.
Crape Myrtle
AUTUMN
( Lagerstroemia indica )
Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Shrubby, broad spreading Origin : West Asia (China, Japan) Environment : Open, sunny places Climate : Mild, warm Notes :
The Crape Myrtle is a very decorative shrub or small tree, because of the Summer blooming and thanks to the leaves that turn orange and red in the late Autumn. It grows on deep, fertile soils. It does not stand deep frost and cold.
Adult 7m
XfrogPlants
AUTUMN
Medium 4m
11. Crape Myrtle ( Lagerstroemia indica )
Young 2.5 m
XfrogPlants
12.
European Larch
AUTUMN
( Larix decidua )
Tree, deciduous conifer Shape : Narrow Conical Origin : Central Europe Environment : Mountains, from 600 to 2,500 m., in full sunlight Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
A true mountain tree, the European Larch usually does not grow below 600 m., although it can be damaged by late frost. It is a useful species because it can grow on fire-wasted areas. It needs abundant light and space, and does not like humidity. The excellent wood is highly prized. In Autumn the leaves turn yellow and fall.
Adult 32 m
XfrogPlants
AUTUMN
Medium 19 m
Young 8m
12. European Larch ( Larix decidua )
XfrogPlants
13.
Tuliptree
AUTUMN
( Liriodendron tulipifera )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Northeast of North America Environment : hill forests, in sunny places, on deep, humid soil Climate : mild, temperate Notes :
The Tuliptree (Indiana, Kentucky and Tennessee State tree), called after the shape of the blossoms, is a very ancient species. It is drought-intolerant. The tall size of the trunk made Tuliptree the tree of choice for Native Americans to build long canoes. Today it is often found in city parks because of the beautiful Autumn colour.
Adult 32 m
XfrogPlants
AUTUMN
Young 4m Medium 27 m
13. Tuliptree ( Liriodendron tulipifera )
XfrogPlants
14.
London Planetree
AUTUMN
( Platanus x acerifolia )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Spontaneous garden crossover Environment : humid places and mountain forests, on deep, fertile soil Climate : mild, temperate Notes :
The London Plane tree is a spontaneous crossover between the Oriental Plane tree and the American Plane tree, which happened in a London garden (hence the name). It is considered to be more resistant to parasites than it’s parents, so it is often the Plane tree of choice for urban decoration, especially in Europe.
Adult 32 m
XfrogPlants
AUTUMN
Young 4.5 m
Medium 20 m
14. London Planetree ( Platanus x acerifolia )
XfrogPlants
15.
Lombardy Poplar
AUTUMN
( Populus nigra var. Italica )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Upright columnar Origin : Italy (Lombardy) Environment : planted by man in the countryside, at low altitudes Climate : mild, temperate Notes :
The Lombardy Poplar is the result of a spontaneous genetic anomaly in a Black Poplar exemplar located in Lombardy (Italy), in the 18th. Century. The branches were then used to propagate the new variety, which in only 200 years became one of the world’s most popular for decoration of the countryside. It exists only as male, so it can not reproduce itself spontaneously.
Adult 30 m
XfrogPlants
AUTUMN
Medium 18 m
15. Lombardy Poplar ( Populus nigra var. Italica )
Young 8m
XfrogPlants
16.
English Oak
AUTUMN
XfrogPlants
( Quercus robur )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Europe Environment : Plain and hill forests Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The English Oak used to be one of the most diffused trees on the European plains and hills. Today only a small portion of the old oak forests remain. The Latin name “robur” hints at the sturdiness of the wood, which is resistant but easy to work, and therefore widely used to build houses and ships.
Adult 27 m
AUTUMN
Medium 15 m
Young 5m
16. English Oak ( Quercus robur )
XfrogPlants
17.
Red Oak
AUTUMN
( Quercus rubra )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Northeast of North America Environment : Mountain forests, on deep, well-drained soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The Red Oak (Prince Edward Island provincial tree) is not a competitive species and needs space and sun to grow. The very fast growth rate (2,5 m. per year) and the tolerance of cold and of acidic soils make it important for wood production. The bark, rich in tannin, is used by the leather industry.
Adult 20 m
XfrogPlants
AUTUMN
Medium 13 m Young 6.5 m
17. Red Oak ( Quercus rubra )
XfrogPlants
18.
Bald Cypress
AUTUMN
( Taxodium distichum )
Tree, deciduous conifer Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Southeast of North America Environment : Swamps and river sides Climate : Mild, warm Notes :
The Bald Cypress (Louisiana State tree) grows in the swamps, in low stagnating waters. To get oxygen, the roots grow out of the ground and above the waters, giving the tree it’s unique look. When planted in nonstagnating soils, the roots don’t show up. In Autumn the leaves turn to a rusty red colour and fall (hence the name).
Adult 30 m
XfrogPlants
AUTUMN
Young 7.5 m
Medium 22 m
18. Bald Cypress ( Taxodium distichum )
XfrogPlants
19.
Littleleaf Linden
AUTUMN
( Tilia cordata )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Europe, West Asia Environment : Hill forests, on dry calcareous soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The Littleleaf Linden used to be widespread on the hills of Europe before the expansion of agriculture and cities. The excellent wood is used for guitars and piano keys. The flowers are sedative and diuretic. Ancient Greeks sacred it to Aphrodite, because they associated the intense blooming smell with the feminine ideal.
Adult 25 m
XfrogPlants
AUTUMN
Medium 18 m
19. Littleleaf Linden ( Tilia cordata )
Young 5m
XfrogPlants
20.
Smooth-leaved Elm
AUTUMN
( Ulmus minor )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southern Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asia Environment : Forests, forest slopes, wild plains, river and stream banks Climate : Mild Notes :
The Smooth-leaved Elm is a widespread European elm. It is endangered by graphiosis, a disease which will lead all Elm species to a sure extinction. Before the disease spread out, the Smooth-leaved Elm used to grow practically everywhere in Southern Central Europe. Ironically, it is one of the most pollution-resistant species.
Adult 30 m
XfrogPlants
AUTUMN
Medium 15 m
Young 6m
20. Smooth-leaved Elm ( Ulmus minor )
XfrogPlants
XfrogPlants | Basic
XfrogPlants BASIC Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2013 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
01.
Horse Chestnut
BASIC
( Aesculus hippocastanum )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southeast of Europe (Albania, Northern Greece) Environment : Mountain forests, up to 1,300 m. Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
Often used for urban decoration because of the beautiful shape, springtime blossoms and dense summer shadows. The “Horse Chestnut” name derives from an old Turkish habit of grinding the seeds for use as curative food for winded horses. One of the most popular trees for decorating city boulevards.
Adult 20 m
XfrogPlants
BASIC
Young 4m Medium 14 m
01. Horse Chestnut ( Aesculus hippocastanum )
XfrogPlants
02.
Sweet Birch
BASIC
( Betula lenta )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Northeast of North America (Ontario and big lakes region) Environment : Humid forests Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
Like the other birches, Sweet Birch too has a short life span. It is an important tree for economy: it’s wood is used as building material for houses and ships. The bark and branches are aromatic and they are used to distil an oil.
Adult 18 m
XfrogPlants
BASIC
Young 6m Medium 12 m
02. Sweet Birch ( Betula lenta )
XfrogPlants
03.
Grey Birch
BASIC
( Betula populifolia )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Northeast of USA (New England, coastal provinces and states) Environment : Mountain forests, prairies Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
Grey Birch is one of the shortest-living trees (it rarely lives longer than 30 years). It can grow on diverse soils, humid or dry, sandy or loamy. It’s a pioneer tree, often the first species to re-colonize wasted or deserted lands, where it’s presence protects the growth of more delicate species.
Adult 12 m
XfrogPlants
BASIC
Medium 6m
Young 4m
03. Grey Birch ( Betula populifolia )
XfrogPlants
04.
Pecan
XfrogPlants
( Carya illinoensis )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southern USA (Mississippi valley) Environment : Forests and river valleys, on humid, deep sandy soil Climate : Mild Notes :
BASIC
The nuts of Pecan are of excellent quality, but the tree is not widely cultivated because the nuts get ripe only in the native regions. Pecan stands the pollution very well, but the wide and dense foliage is not opportune for urban decoration. The word “Pecan” comes from the Algonquian native American tribe.
Adult 25 m
BASIC
Medium 15 m
Young 7m
04. Pecan ( Carya illinoensis )
XfrogPlants
05.
Shagbark Hickory
BASIC
( Carya ovata )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Northeast of North America (from Quebec to Texas and Georgia) Environment : Fertile forests and valleys Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The name “Shagbark” is because of the long (up to 30 cm.) “chips” of bark, that scientist suppose are a natural defensive “strategy” of the tree against predators of nuts (like squirrels). The word “Hickory” is of native American origin: “pawcohiccora” was the name of the oily food made with the grinded seeds mixed with boiling water.
Adult 25 m
XfrogPlants
BASIC
Young 4m
Medium 15 m
05. Shagbark Hickory ( Carya ovata )
XfrogPlants
06.
Lawson’s Falsecypress
BASIC
( Chamaecyparis lawsoniana )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West coast of USA (from Oregon to California) Environment : Steep mountain sides and canyons, on deep soil Climate : Mild Notes :
This tree loves oceanic climate, with mild winters and cool summers. It prefers to grow sheltered from direct sun. In city parks it can only grow half as tall compared to the native environment. The hard, resistant wood is often used for critical building uses. Also known as Port Orford Cedar.
Adult 30 m
XfrogPlants
BASIC
XfrogPlants
Young 7.5 m Medium 15 m
06. Lawson’s Falsecypress ( Chamaecyparis lawsoniana )
07.
European Beech
BASIC
( Fagus sylvatica )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Europe (from Norway to Sicily) Environment : Mountain forests from 600 to 1.700 m. altitude Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The European Beech is one of Europe’s widest-ranged mountain trees. The slow growth rate, however, is causing it’s progressive replacement with the faster-growing spruce trees. The ground of beech forests is acid because of the very little light passing through. The beech wood can be easily bent, and has balsamic properties.
Adult 27 m
XfrogPlants
BASIC
XfrogPlants
Young 1.5 m
Medium 17 m
07. European Beech ( Fagus sylvatica )
08.
Southern Magnolia
BASIC
( Magnolia grandiflora )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad conical Origin : Southeast of USA, Mexico (gulf area) Environment : On river sides and humid places of coastal plains Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
The Southern Magnolia (Mississippi State tree) grows very slowly, on deep, fertile neutral or acidic soils. It is frost-intolerant. It starts blooming only at 20 years of age. The long-lasting, big Summer blossoms made it one of the most appreciated decorative trees all over the world (where climate allows).
Adult 15 m
XfrogPlants
BASIC
Young 4m
Medium 10 m
08. Southern Magnolia ( Magnolia grandiflora )
XfrogPlants
09.
Norway Spruce
BASIC
( Picea abies )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Northern and Central Europe (from Norway to the Alps) Environment : Mountain forests up to 2,000 m., on humid soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The Norway Spruce is the traditional Christmas tree for all Europe. It’s the most important European conifer, with a native range from Scandinavia to Siberia to the Alps. The wood is of excellent quality and appreciated for making violins and furniture. In the ancient ages, it was used to prepare pitch, and the bark for tanning hides.
Adult 25 m
XfrogPlants
BASIC
Medium 10 m Young 3.5 m
09. Norway Spruce ( Picea abies )
XfrogPlants
10.
Colorado Spruce
BASIC
( Picea pungens )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of USA (Rocky Mountains) Environment : Mountain slopes and river sides, from 1,800 to 3,000 m. Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The Colorado Spruce (Colorado and Utah State tree) grows of preference in pure or mixed conifer woods, on very humid soils, even in bogs. It is extremely coldresistant. It is often also used for urban decorations of city parks, because of the elegant shape.
Adult 20 m
XfrogPlants
BASIC
Medium 10 m
Young 5m
10. Colorado Spruce ( Picea pungens )
XfrogPlants
11.
Mugo Pine
BASIC
( Pinus mugo )
Shrub/Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Shrubby, broad spreading Origin : Europe (Alps) Environment : Alpine slopes and thickets, from 1,500 to 2,700 m. Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The Mugo Pine is easily recognizable because of the prostrate shape, with dense laying branches pointing upwards. Only rarely it grows tree-tall. It plays a very important role in the Alpine ecosystem, because it shelters young trees and trunks of older trees from the freezing winds. It also creates a natural barrier against avalanches.
Adult 2.5 m
XfrogPlants
BASIC
Young 1m
Medium 1.5 m
11. Mugo Pine ( Pinus mugo )
XfrogPlants
12.
Austrian Pine
BASIC
( Pinus nigra )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southeast of Europe (from Eastern Alps to Greece) Environment : Mountains and hills, on rocky calcareous soil Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :
Also known as European Black Pine, The Austrian Black Pine is often used as pioneer species on wasted areas, because it tolerates arid soils. Although not a mountain tree, it is cold-tolerant. It needs a lot of vertical light, but can stand lateral density, so woods of Black Pine are often dense with trunks. It is called “black” because of the dark needles.
Adult 26 m
XfrogPlants
BASIC
XfrogPlants
Medium 16 m Young 7m
12. Austrian Pine ( Pinus nigra )
13.
London Planetree
BASIC
( Platanus x acerifolia )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Spontaneous garden crossover Environment : humid places and mountain forests, on deep, fertile soil Climate : mild, temperate Notes :
The London Plane tree is a spontaneous crossover between the Oriental Plane tree and the American Plane tree, which happened in a London garden (hence the name). It is considered to be more resistant to parasites than it’s parents, so it is often the Plane tree of choice for urban decoration, especially in Europe.
Adult 32 m
XfrogPlants
BASIC
Medium 20 m Young 7m
13. London Planetree ( Platanus x acerifolia )
XfrogPlants
14.
Lombardy Poplar
BASIC
( Populus nigra var. Italica )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Upright columnar Origin : Italy (Lombardy) Environment : Planted by man in the countryside, at low altitudes Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The Lombardy Poplar is the result of a spontaneous genetic anomaly in a Black Poplar exemplar located in Lombardy (Italy), in the 18th. Century. The branches were then used to propagate the new variety, which in only 200 years became one of the world’s most popular for decoration of the countryside. It exists only as male, so it can not reproduce itself spontaneously.
Adult 30 m
XfrogPlants
BASIC
Medium 18 m
Young 8m
14. Lombardy Poplar ( Populus nigra var. Italica )
XfrogPlants
15.
Weeping Willow
BASIC
XfrogPlants
( Salix babylonica )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad weeping Origin : China Environment : Wild environment unknown, usually planted next to ponds Climate : Mild, temperate
Notes :
Introduced in Europe from China in 1692, the Weeping Willow has become since then one of the most popular decorative trees everywhere. It is not to be found wild anymore. The name “babylonica” comes from an erroneous interpretation of the Bible; the tree was in fact unknown in the Middle East at the time.
Adult 12 m
BASIC
Medium 8m
Young 3.5 m
15. Weeping Willow ( Salix babylonica )
XfrogPlants
16.
Sassafras
BASIC
( Sassafras albidum )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Northeast of North America (from Ontario to Central Florida) Environment : Valleys and plains, on fertile, deep non-calcareous soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The Sassafras loves full sunlight and is frost-intolerant. It is often planted in city parks because of the autumn colours. The roots have medical usefulness, and are also used to produce a tea and to give flavour to soft drinks. The leaves, when rubbed, produce a distinctive smell similar to orange and vanilla.
Adult 16 m
XfrogPlants
BASIC
Medium 10 m
Young 4m
16. Sassafras ( Sassafras albidum )
XfrogPlants
17.
European Mountain Ash
BASIC
( Sorbus aucuparia )
Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Shrubby, broad conical Origin : Europe, Northern Africa, Asia Environment : Alpine forests, moorland, on moist, acetous soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The Latin “aucuparia” is because in the past, the berries of this tree were used as bird lure. Rich in vitamins, they were also medication to cure scurvy. In Scotland and Scandinavia this tree was believed to keep the Devil away, and planted in front of churches and houses. Celtic druids sacred this tree to the goddess Brigid.
Adult 16 m
XfrogPlants
BASIC
Medium 8.5 m
Young 4m
17. European Mountain Ash ( Sorbus aucuparia )
XfrogPlants
18.
English Yew
BASIC
( Taxus baccata )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Northern Africa, Southeast of Europe Environment : In the shade of broadleaf forests, on calcareous soil Climate : Mild Notes :
In spite of the name, the English Yew is a Southern tree. It is very poisonous for man: ancient Romans called it the “death tree” and wore the branches as mourning ornament. Horses and cows can eat it. A very ancient species (already present in the Tertiary era), it has a very long life: there are exemplars older than 1,500 years.
Adult 16 m
XfrogPlants
BASIC
Medium 10.5 m Young 4.5 m
18. English Yew ( Taxus baccata )
XfrogPlants
19.
Western Red Cedar
BASIC
( Thuja plicata )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Northwest of North America (from Alaska to California) Environment : Mountains, on fresh soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The Western Red Cedar (British Columbia provincial tree) is not really a cedar, but a tree of the Cypress family. It loves snowy winters and cool humid summers. Native Americans were aware that the wood is waterproof, and used it to build canoes and totems. Because of the majestic look, it is a popular choice for city parks.
Adult 30 m
XfrogPlants
BASIC
Medium 20 m
Young 6m
19. Western Red Cedar ( Thuja plicata )
XfrogPlants
20.
Littleleaf Linden
BASIC
( Tilia cordata )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Europe, West Asia Environment : Hill forests, on dry calcareous soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The Littleleaf Linden used to be widespread on the hills of Europe before the expansion of agriculture and cities. The excellent wood is used for guitars and piano keys. The flowers are sedative and diuretic. Ancient Greeks sacred it to Aphrodite, because they associated the intense blooming smell with the feminine ideal.
Adult 25 m
XfrogPlants
BASIC
Medium 18 m
20. Littleleaf Linden ( Tilia cordata )
Young 5m
XfrogPlants
XfrogPlants | Blossoming
XfrogPlants BLOSSOMING Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2014 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
01.
Judas Tree
BLOSSOMING
( Cercis siliquastrum )
Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Whole Mediterranean area Environment : Forests, on calcareous soils, up to 400 m. Climate : Warm, mild, temperate Bloom : April Notes :
Here shown in it’s gorgeous springtime bloom, the Judas tree is often found in urban parks and gardens. The legend says that Judah hanged himself to this tree after having betrayed Jesus Christ, and the popular belief indicate this as the reason why the blossoms are of a blood-like colour. Also known as Redbud.
Adult 10.5 m
XfrogPlants
BLOSSOMING
Medium 6.5 m
Young 4.5 m
01. Judas Tree ( Cercis siliquastrum )
XfrogPlants
02.
Kousa Dogwood
BLOSSOMING
( Cornus kousa )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Japan, China, Korea Environment : Mountain forests Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Bloom : June Notes :
Also known as Japanese Dogwood, this tree is a popular choice for parks and gardens because of the elegantshaped and visible white bracts that surround it’s flowers. The fruits are red, small and clustered, with a consistent flesh similar to that of strawberries; they are edible.
Adult 15 m
XfrogPlants
BLOSSOMING
Medium 9.5 m
Young 4.5 m
02. Kousa Dogwood ( Cornus kousa )
XfrogPlants
03.
Golden Chain
BLOSSOMING
( Laburnum anagyroides )
Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Shape : broad spreading Origin : Central and Southern Europe Environment : open broadleaf forests, from sea level to 800 m. Climate : mild Bloom : May Notes :
The Golden Chain needs sunny places, and although it likes calcareous soils better, it can also grow on acidic soils. The wood is very much valued and is used for handicraft works. The Golden Chain can be found in cities because of the gorgeous blooming, but it is not planted often since it is poisonous in all of it’s parts, including the flowers.
Adult 6m
XfrogPlants
BLOSSOMING
Medium 4.5 m
Young 3m
03. Golden Chain ( Laburnum anagyroides )
XfrogPlants
04.
Crape Myrtle
BLOSSOMING
XfrogPlants
( Lagerstroemia indica )
Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Shrubby, broad spreading Origin : West Asia (China, Japan) Environment : Open, sunny places Climate : Mild, warm Bloom : July - October Notes :
The Crape Myrtle is a very decorative shrub or small tree, because of the Summer blooming and thanks to the leaves that turn orange and red in the late Autumn. It grows on deep, fertile soils. It does not stand deep frost and cold.
Adult 7m
BLOSSOMING
Medium 4m
04. Crape Myrtle ( Lagerstroemia indica )
Young 2.5 m
XfrogPlants
05.
Southern Magnolia
BLOSSOMING
( Magnolia grandiflora )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad conical Origin : Southeast of USA, Mexico (gulf area) Environment : On river sides and humid places of coastal plains Climate : Warm, mild Bloom : June-July Notes :
The Southern Magnolia (Mississippi State tree) grows very slowly, on deep, fertile neutral or acidic soils. It is frost-intolerant. It starts blooming only at 20 years of age. The long-lasting, big Summer blossoms made it one of the most appreciated decorative trees all over the world (where climate allows).
Adult 15 m
XfrogPlants
BLOSSOMING
Medium 10 m
05. Southern Magnolia ( Magnolia grandiflora )
Young 4m
XfrogPlants
06.
Saucer Magnolia
BLOSSOMING
XfrogPlants
( Magnolia x soulangeana )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Garden cultivar Environment : Cultivations and gardens Climate : Mild Bloom : March - April Notes :
This tree is a hybrid of two Asian Magnolia species. It has deciduous leaves and the flowers appear in Spring, before, or together with, the first leaves. Originally with white tepals, a very popular cultivar has been also produced with a purple blush at the base which fades into white.
Adult 9m
BLOSSOMING
Medium 5m Young 3m
06. Saucer Magnolia ( Magnolia x soulangeana )
XfrogPlants
07.
Apple Tree
BLOSSOMING
( Malus domestica )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Garden variety of the native European tree (Malus sylvestris) Environment : Forests and thickets, up to 1.200 m. Climate : Temperate, cool Bloom : April - May Notes :
The Common (Garden) Apple tree is a garden species derived from the Wild Apple (Malus sylvestris), a tree that can still be found in the wild in the forests of Central-Southern Europe. The most visible difference between the species is the absence, in the Garden Apple tree, of the small thorns that are present on the branches of the Wild Apple.
Adult 10 m
XfrogPlants
BLOSSOMING
XfrogPlants
Young 4.5 m
Medium 6.5 m
07. Apple Tree ( Malus domestica )
08.
Japanese Crab Apple
BLOSSOMING
( Malus floribunda )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : broad spreading Origin : garden cultivar Environment : cultivations and gardens Climate : Mild Bloom : April - May Notes :
The Japanese Crab Apple is a garden cultivar whose origin details are unknown except for the country (Japan). It is a favourite for urban decoration throughout the world because of it’s spectacular and abundant springtime blossoming.
Adult 7.5 m
XfrogPlants
BLOSSOMING
Young 3m
Medium 5m
08. Japanese Crab Apple ( Malus floribunda )
XfrogPlants
09.
Oleander
BLOSSOMING
XfrogPlants
( Nerium oleander )
Tree/Shrub, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central Mediterranean (Southern Italy, Greece) Environment : Near waters (rivers, sea coasts) Climate : Warm and dry, needs water at the roots Bloom : June - September Notes :
The undisputed protagonist of the Mediterranean landscape along the rivers, with it’s spectacular pink or white blooming that lasts all summer, the Oleander can also be found next to the sea, because it is salt-resistant. On the other hand, it is frost-intolerant. All of it’s parts are extremely poisonous for the heart of men and animals: even a single leaf can be lethal, if eaten.
Adult 9m
BLOSSOMING
Medium 4m
Young 2m
09. Oleander ( Nerium oleander )
XfrogPlants
10.
Apricot Tree
BLOSSOMING
( Prunus armeniaca )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : China Environment : Hillside thickets Climate : Mild, warm Bloom : March-April Notes :
The Apricot tree, more than the Cherry or Plum, needs a relatively warm climate to grow. It suffers from late frost, especially if it happens during the blossoming period. Like the other species in the Prunus family, the Apricot tree, too, can be attacked by many parasites and diseases.
Adult 9m
XfrogPlants
BLOSSOMING
Medium 6m Young 5m
10. Apricot Tree ( Prunus armeniaca )
XfrogPlants
11.
Sweet Cherry Tree
BLOSSOMING
( Prunus avium )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Europe, West Asia Environment : Forests, hedge rows, river sides, from sea level to 1,500 m. Climate : Temperate, cool Bloom : April - May Notes :
The Sweet Cherry is a tree that adapts well to most soils. It can stand well the cold and frost, and because of this, it can also grow on the mountains. It is a very appreciated tree not only because of the delicious fruits, but also because of the excellent quality of the wood, highly prized for furniture and musical instruments.
Adult 20 m
XfrogPlants
BLOSSOMING
Medium 11.5 m Young 6m
11. Sweet Cherry Tree ( Prunus avium )
XfrogPlants
12.
Pissardii Cherry Plum
BLOSSOMING
( Prunus cerasifera var. Pissardii )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Garden variety of the Cherry Plum (Southeast of Europe) Environment : Woods, hedge rows, in sunny places Climate : Mild, warm Bloom : March-April Notes :
The Pissardii Cherry Plum (also known as Pissardii Myrobalan) has purplecoloured leaves. It is commonly found in cities because of the decorative colour and because it stands pruning very well (and for this reason it is even used for hedges). This variety has pink blossom (while the original Cherry Plum has white). It adapts to most soils.
Adult 34.5 m
XfrogPlants
BLOSSOMING
Medium 5m
12. Pissardii Cherry Plum ( Prunus cerasifera var. Pissardii )
Young 3.5 m
XfrogPlants
13.
Sour Cherry
BLOSSOMING
( Prunus cerasus )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Probably a garden variety of the Sweet Cherry Environment : Forests, hedge rows, glades, from sea level to 1,200 m. Climate : Mild Bloom : April - May Notes :
Also know as Wild Cherry or Mazzard, the Sour Cherry is diffused as wild species over Central and Southern Europe, but it is probably of garden origin. Compared to it’s most likely parent (the Sweet Cherry), it has sour fruits of a lighter and brighter red. Because of the sour taste, it’s fruits are more commonly used to produce syrups and liquors than eaten.
Adult 10 m
XfrogPlants
BLOSSOMING
Medium 6m
Young 4m
13. Sour Cherry ( Prunus cerasus )
XfrogPlants
14.
Plum Tree
BLOSSOMING
( Prunus domestica )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : A garden hybrid of two European species Environment : Cultivations and gardens Climate : Mild Bloom : March - April Notes :
The Plum Tree is almost certainly a hybrid of Cherry Plum (Prunus cerasifera) and Sloe (Prunus spinosa). It was created to produce the delicious fruits we know, and for this reason, it is widely cultivated both industrially and rurally, and also in home gardens. Two subspecies of Plum Tree are common, one with violet fruits, another with dark yellow fruits.
Adult 10 m
XfrogPlants
BLOSSOMING
Medium 7m
14. Plum Tree ( Prunus domestica )
Young 4.5 m
XfrogPlants
15.
Almond Tree
BLOSSOMING
( Prunus dulcis )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Mediterranean (Northern Africa, Western Asia) Environment : Dry slopes and scrubs, in full sunlight Climate : Warm Bloom : February - March Notes :
The Almond Tree is the earliest of all Pruni to bloom. It does in February-March, but if the winter is warm, it can also exceptionally bloom in January. It grows only in sunny places and in warm regions, where it can be safe from freezing cold. The fruits are widely appreciated in the kitchen, especially for sweets.
Adult 8m
XfrogPlants
BLOSSOMING
Medium 4.5 m
15. Almond Tree ( Prunus dulcis )
Young 3m
XfrogPlants
16.
Peach Tree
BLOSSOMING
( Prunus persica )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : China Environment : Forests, from sea level to 600 m. Climate : Mild Bloom : April Notes :
Imported in the Mediterranean region from Persia (hence the Latin name) way back in the 4th century B.C., the Peach is really of Chinese origin. It is widely cultivated because of the delicious fruits, but it’s delicate pink flowers are also appreciated for decoration. The small size makes it perfect for home gardens decoration.
Adult 7m
XfrogPlants
BLOSSOMING
Medium 5m
Young 3.5 m
16. Peach Tree ( Prunus persica )
XfrogPlants
17.
Kanzan Cherry
BLOSSOMING
( Prunus serrulata var. Kanzan )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Japan Environment : Hills and mountains Climate : Temperate Bloom : April - May Notes :
It is probable that the Kanzan cherry is a garden hybrid of two popular Japanese wild cherries, Hill Cherry and Oshima Cherry. Kanzan is surely the most appreciated species for urban decoration, thanks to the spectacular blooming. Several cultivars of it exist, with varied blossoms.
Adult 10.5 m
XfrogPlants
BLOSSOMING
Medium 6.5 m
17. Kanzan Cherry ( Prunus serrulata var. Kanzan )
Young 3.5 m
XfrogPlants
18.
Weeping Higan Cherry
BLOSSOMING
( Prunus subhirtella var. Pendula )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad weeping Origin : Japan Environment : Mixed forests with other Prunus species Climate : Temperate Bloom : March - April Notes :
A natural hybrid, the Weeping Higan cherry is a very popular choice all over the world for garden and park decoration, because of the shape and of the gorgeous blooming. A variety of it exists, called “Autumnalis”, whose blooming takes place in late Autumn (NovemberDecember).
Adult 7.5 m
XfrogPlants
BLOSSOMING
Medium 4m
Young 3m
18. Weeping Higan Cherry ( Prunus subhirtella var. Pendula )
XfrogPlants
19.
Yoshino Cherry
BLOSSOMING
( Prunus x yedoensis )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Japan Environment : Mixed forests with other Prunus species Climate : Temperate Bloom : March - April Notes :
The Yoshino Cherry has probably an ancient garden origin. The white blossoms (but subspecies exist with different colours) have an intense scent and appear at early Spring. The fruits are very sour and usually not eaten: the Yoshino Cherry is in fact mostly used for garden decoration.
Adult 10 m
XfrogPlants
BLOSSOMING
Medium 6m
19. Yoshino Cherry ( Prunus x yedoensis )
Young 4m
XfrogPlants
20.
Pear Tree
BLOSSOMING
( Pyrus communis )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Garden variety of the Wild Pear (European) Environment : Cultivations and gardens Climate : Temperate Bloom : April-May Notes :
The common Pear tree is a garden variety of the Wild Pear, an European and Asian tree that is diffused in the native areas where broadleaf woods grow on humid, fertile soil. The pronounced vertical growth (when growing free) makes it easily recognizable. The white flowers have a slightly Bigger diameter than most other Rosaceae.
Adult 15 m
XfrogPlants
BLOSSOMING
Medium 7.5 m
Young 4.5 m
20. Pear Tree ( Pyrus communis )
XfrogPlants
XfrogPlants | Bonsai
XfrogPlants BONSAI Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2014 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
A Foreword about Bonsai Bonsai is much more than trees planted in a vase. It is an art of millenarian tradition that has deep conceptual implications and meaningful rules. Not a mere reproduction of nature, but neither an arbitrary abuse of it, Bonsai shows the hand and thoughts of man distillating and synthesizing an ideal essence of nature that can fit within the aesthetical canon of Oriental art. The XfrogPlants Bonsai library has been created with the intent of being respectful of Bonsai rules and traditions as much as possible. All models have been created after real prized Bonsai exemplars, chosen at the end of an extensive research. Here follows a short list of some of the main Japanese Bonsai styles. Although Bonsai art was born in China in very ancient times, it is the Japanese styles that are most popular throughout the world today. Many of the styles listed here are represented in the Greenworks Bonsai library. Please use this short guide together with the species specs if you wish to understand the styles used for our models.
Quick Guide to Bonsai Styles CHOKKAN (Formal Upright)
One tree growing straight upright, with the tip parallel to the base of trunk.
MOYO-GI (Informal Upright)
Similar to Chokkan, but the trunk has sweet undulating bends.
TACHI-GI (Ordered Upright)
Similar to Moyo-Gi, from which it differs in the order of branches.
SHAKAN (Oblique)
The trunk grows with an angle of approx. 45° from the base. Leaf mass should be mostly outside of the base’s ideal perpendicular projection.
KENGAI (Cascade)
The trunk grows out and down the vase’s limit, but the tip must be placed above the top line of the vase. Leafing should occur mostly in the terminal part of the trunk, without touching the vase.
HAN-KENGAI (Semi-Cascade)
Similar to Kengai, this style has two tips, one (usually a branch) falling down and never ending above the top line of vase, the other (usually the trunk) growing upwards in the same direction.
HOKIDACHI (Broom)
All branches grow near the tip of the trunk, creating a shape similar to an upside-down broom.
FUKINAGASHI (Windswept)
The trunk bends of 45° or more, representing the effect of a strong wind. The branches must (atleast for the most part) bend to the same direction of the wind.
NEAGARI (Exposed Roots)
The roots of the tree are exposed to view, above the ground level.
BONSAI
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BUNJIN (Literati)
The peculiarity of this style is the disproportion between the lenght of trunk and the masses ofleaves and roots. The goal is abstract simple elegance.
BANKAN (Coiled)
The trunk revolves over itself. It is a very rare style nowadays.
SHARIMIKI (Driftwood)
Trunk and roots shown to great evidence, with little foliage. Must suggest a tree which survivedstrong natural calamities.
IKADA-BUKI (Raft)
Many trunks placed in line create a small forest that originates from what appears to be the samehorizontal root, but really is the trunk of tree, placed horizontally, and the trunks are really thebranches of it, forced to grow upwards.
NE-TSURANARI (Connected roots)
Similar to Ikada-Buki, but this time the roots are real roots and the trunks are developed suckers.
KABUDACHI (Clump)
Many trunks originating from the same base point of the roots (the typical “multi-trunk”).
TAKOZUKURI (Octopus)
Both trunk and branches display an evident and strong alternating ondulation.
SEKIJOJU (Roots over Rock)
The roots of the tree wrap around a big rock before ending into the ground.
ISHITSUKI (Clinging to a Rock)
The tree is planted directly within a hole in the rock. Often presented in a landscape fashion,sometimes within a very low vase containing water (to simulate a lake).
SAIKEI (Saikei, Landscape)
Many trees are used to recreate a natural environment, often with other natural elements such as rocks, grasses, and water.
NEJIKAN (Twisted)
The trunk grows twisted, in a spiral fashion. This style is uncommon today.
SECONDARY CLASSIFICATIONS Bonsai can be furtherly classified for height, number of trunks (of the same tree), and number of different trees:
Height
Number of Trunks
Number of Trees
Shito (up to 7.5 cm) Mame (7.5 to 15 cm) Kotate Mochi (15 to 30 cm) Chiu Bonsai (30 to 60 cm) Dai Bonsai (60 cm and above)
Tankan (1 trunk) Sokan (2 trunks) Sankan (3 trunks) Gokan (5 trunks) Nanakan (7 trunks) Kyukan (9 or more trunks)
Soju (2 trees) Sanbon Yose (3 trees) Gohon Yose (5 trees) Nanahon Yose (7 trees) Kyuhon Yose (9 trees) Yose Uhe (more than 9 trees)
BONSAI
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01.
Field Maple
BONSAI
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( Acer Campestre )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central Europe (Denmark to Italy), Eastern Europe Environment : Broadleaf forests and hedges up to 800 m. Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
The Field Maple is one of those humble but truly characteristic rural trees of Europe. In the past, European farmers used it to support the vine rows. It used to be the most diffused European Maple, but today more decorative maple species are often preferred for urban decoration.
Kabudachi (Sankan) 60 cm
BONSAI
Moyo-Gi 43 m Moyo-Gi 49 cm
01. Field Maple ( Acer Campestre )
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02.
Japanese Maple
BONSAI
( Acer palmatum )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : West Asia Environment : Forests Climate : Mild Notes :
The Japanese Maple is widely diffused in city parks all over the world, because of the gorgeous Autumn colours. Many cultivars have been produced of this tree, with different leaf sizes and colours. The Japanese Maple is sensitive to late frost and should be planted in a sheltered position. Japanese name : Iroha-momiji.
Kabudachi (Sankan) 60 cm
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BONSAI
Saikei (Gohon Yose) 50 cm
Chokkan 56 cm
02. Japanese Maple ( Acer palmatum )
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03.
Hornbeam
BONSAI
( Carpinus betulus )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central and Eastern Europe (Germany to Italy and Balkans) Environment : Mixed forests, up to 1,000 m; on fresh, fertile soil Climate : Temperate Notes :
The Hornbeam is a humble but sometimes majestic rural tree. Once common in Europe’s mixed broadleaf forests (with English Oak, Sweet Chestnut, European Beech and Hazel), it is much less diffused today. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Hornbeam became a high-society fashionable tree for decoration of villas’ boulevards.
Saikei (Gohon Yose) 67 cm
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BONSAI
Moyo-Gi 81 cm
03. Hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus )
Sekijoju 84 cm
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04.
Hinoki Falsecypress
BONSAI
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( Chamaecyparis obtusa )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Japan Environment : Mountain slopes, on moist but well-drained acidic soil Climate : Temperate, cool Japanese Name : Hinoki Notes :
The Hinoki Falsecypress loves to grow in full direct sunlight. It’s wood is very much prized in Japan. As a decorative species, it is often planted in city parks throughout the world. Some dwarf garden cultivars exist.
Shakan 50 cm
BONSAI
Chokkan 62 cm
04. Hinoki Falsecypress ( Chamaecyparis obtusa )
Bunjin 45 cm
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05.
Japanese Cedar
BONSAI
( Cryptomeria japonica )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Japan Environment : Forests Climate : Temperate Japanese Name : Sugi Notes :
The Japanese Cedar (but it’s really a species of the Cupressaceae family) is a highly ornamental species, often planted in city parks. It is also very much appreciated in Japan for the highly prized quality of the wood. The foliage re-greens in the Spring.
Chokkan 40 cm
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BONSAI
Saikei (Gohon Yose) 32 cm
Saikei (Sanbon Yose) 50 cm
05. Japanese Cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica )
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06.
European Beech
BONSAI
( Fagus sylvatica )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Europe (from Norway to Sicily) Environment : Mountain forests from 600 to 1,700 m. altitude Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The European Beech is one of Europe’s widest-ranged mountain trees. The slow growth rate, however, is causing it’s progressive replacement with the faster-growing spruce trees. The ground of beech forests is acid because of the very little light passing through. The beech wood can be easily bent, and has balsamic properties.
Hokidachi 42 cm
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BONSAI
Chokkan 50 cm
Saikei (Gohon Yose) 40 cm
06. European Beech ( Fagus sylvatica )
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07.
Fig Tree
BONSAI
( Ficus carica )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : South-Western of Asia Environment : Humid and shady; on rocky soil Climate : Warm, mild, temperate Notes :
The Fig Tree is a rustic species that grows even on arid soils and rocks, tolerating a wide range of temperatures. Fruits are very high in sugar (20% when fresh, 50% dried). One fruit is born from several merged flowers. Many myths are centred on the Fig Tree, considered the Tree of Knowledge, and a symbol of Fertility as well.
Chokkan 55 cm
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BONSAI
Shakan 55 cm Neagari 77 cm
07. Fig Tree ( Ficus carica )
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08.
Ginkgo
BONSAI
( Ginko biloba )
Tree, deciduous ginkgo Shape : Broad conical Origin : China (long-time extinct in nature) Environment : Wild environment unknown Climate : Temperate Japanese Name : Ichou Notes :
The Ginkgo (250 millions of years old) is one of the most ancient living beings on earth. It’s reproductive system is so old that no tree today has a similar one (only ferns and a few other plants). A long-time extinct in nature, Ginkgo has been preserved by monks, who cultivated it for thousands of years for it’s medical qualities. It is immune to pollution and to almost all of today’s parasites.
Hokidachi 62 cm
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BONSAI
Chokkan 70 cm
08. Ginkgo ( Ginkgo biloba )
Moyo-Gi 55 cm
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09.
Western Juniper
BONSAI
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( Juniperus occidentalis )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : West of USA Environment : Rocky slopes, dry mountain areas Climate : Mild and dry Notes :
The Western Juniper can become a dramatically spectacular tree, because of the red furrowed bark and the gnarled, massive shapes. It is one of the longest living trees on Earth: living exemplars are known that are over 2,000 years old. It is an amazing species because it grow directly out of solid rock!
Saikei (Sanbon Yose) 35 cm
BONSAI
Moyo-Gi 30 cm
Sharimiki 45 cm
09. Western Juniper ( Juniperus occidentalis )
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10.
Temple Juniper
BONSAI
( Juniperus rigida )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Central and Southern Japan Environment : Hills and mountains Climate : Temperate, cool Japanese Name : Nezumisashi Notes :
The Temple Juniper is more exacting with soil than other juniper species, it needs a rich, well-drained soil for an ideal growth. It preferably grows under direct sunlight and has a slow growth rate. The tree shape significantly broadens with age.
Shakan 55 cm
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BONSAI
Moyo-Gi 60 cm Moyo-Gi 52 cm
10. Temple Juniper ( Juniperus rigida )
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11.
Japanese White Larch
( Larix kaempferi )
Tree, deciduous conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Central Japan Environment : Mountain forests, on humid, well-drained soil Climate : Cool, cold Japanese Name : Karamatsu Notes :
Compared to the European Larch, the Japanese White Larch is more tolerant of poor soils. It is planted for urban decoration in temperate or cool climate cities but it’s large size make it suitable for parks only. Like all larches, it has deciduous coloured Autumn foliage.
Saikei (Gohon Yose) 45 cm
BONSAI
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BONSAI
Moyo-Gi 76 cm
Ne-Tsuranari (Sankan) 90 cm
11. Japanese White Larch ( Larix kaempferi )
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12.
Apple Tree
BONSAI
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( Malus domestica )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Garden variety of the native European tree (Malus sylvestris) Environment : Forests and thickets, up to 1.200 m. Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
The Common (Garden) Apple tree is a garden species derived from the Wild Apple (Malus sylvestris), a tree that can still be found in the wild in the forests of Central-Southern Europe. The most visible difference between the species is the absence, in the Garden Apple tree, of the small thorns that are present on the branches of the Wild Apple.
Chokkan 60 cm
BONSAI
Tachi-Gi 50 cm
12. Apple Tree ( Malus domestica )
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Tachi-Gi 50 cm
13.
Olive Tree
BONSAI
( Olea europaea )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : West and Central Mediterranean (Spain, Italy, North Africa) Environment : Sea coasts and hills, on dry rocky soil Climate : Warm, with mild winters and dry summers Notes :
One of the most important trees economically, because of oil, olive trees are also spectacular because of trunks’ contorted shapes. One of the longest living trees: living exemplars exist in Palestine that are over 2,000 year old, thus older than Jesus. The Gospel says that Jesus spent his last night praying in a garden of olives.
Han-Kengai 55 cm
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BONSAI
Hokidachi 89 cm
Ishitsuki (Gohon Yose) 52 cm
13. Olive ( Olea europaea )
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14.
White Spruce
BONSAI
( Picea glauca )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Canada, North of USA Environment : Forests, in full sunlight, on well-drained, acidic soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The White Spruce (South Dakota State tree, Manitoba provincial tree) is often planted outside it’s native areas for decoration. The leaves have an intense but unpleasant smell when crushed. It is often used as Christmas Tree, and although it prefers cool climates, it can be planted near the sea because it is salt-tolerant.
Saikei (Yose Uhe) 50 cm
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BONSAI
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Moyo-Gi 75 cm
Chokkan 92 cm
14. White Spruce ( Picea glauca )
15.
Japanese White Pine
BONSAI
( Pinus parviflora )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Japan Environment : Mountain forests, on rocky soil Climate : Cool, cold Japanese Name : Goyomatsu Notes :
This Japanese pine is often planted in city parks throughout the world. It can sometimes have weeping branches. It is mostly known, though, because it is one of the most popular and suitable species for Bonsai cultivation.
Kengai 70 cm
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BONSAI
Moyo-Gi 95 cm
15. Japanese White Pine ( Pinus parviflora )
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Sekijoju 55 cm
16.
Scotch Pine
BONSAI
( Pinus sylvestris )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Whole Europe, Asia Environment : Mountains, on sandy soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
Also known as Scots pine, it is probably the tree with the widest diffusion over Europe, from Spain to Siberia, Scandinavia to Apennines. It is a rustic tree that loves full sunlight and grows even on arid soils. The resin is used to produce turpentine and colophony, a paste that makes ships waterproof. The buds are balsamic.
Moyo-Gi 50 cm
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BONSAI
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Fukinagashi 65 cm Kengai 30 cm
16. Scotch Pine ( Pinus sylvestris )
17.
Apricot Tree
BONSAI
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( Prunus armeniaca )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : China Environment : Hillside thickets Climate : Mild, warm Notes :
The Apricot tree, more than the Cherry or Plum, needs a relatively warm climate to grow. It suffers from late frost, especially if it happens during the blossoming period. Like the other species in the Prunus family, the Apricot tree, too, can be attacked by many parasites and diseases.
Moyo-Gi 70 cm
BONSAI
Moyo-Gi 40 cm
Han-Kengai 50 cm
17. Apricot Tree ( Prunus armeniaca )
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18.
Satsuki Azalea
BONSAI
( Rhododendron indicum )
Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Shrubby, broad spreading Origin : Japan Environment : Valley meadows, thickets, on moist, acidic soil Climate : Mild, temperate and humid Notes :
This small tree or shrub grows of preference in the shade of other species, or in partial sunlight. During blooming it prefers more light. Blooming lasts longer in cool climates. The Azaleae species need the soil to be always moist and the air to be humid.
Kabudachi (Sankan) 55 cm
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BONSAI
Tachi-Gi 45 cm
Moyo-Gi 50 cm
18. Satsuki Azalea ( Rhododendron indicum )
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19.
Smooth-leaved Elm
BONSAI
( Ulmus minor )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southern Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asia Environment : Forests, forest slopes, wild plains, river and stream banks Climate : Mild Notes :
The Smooth-leaved Elm is a widespread European elm. It is endangered by graphiosis, a disease which will lead all Elm species to a sure extinction. Before the disease spread out, the Smooth-leaved Elm used to grow practically everywhere in Southern Central Europe. Ironically, it is one of the most pollution-resistant species.
Ishitsuki (Gohon Yose) 55 cm
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BONSAI
Ikada-Buki (Gokan) 50 cm
Moyo-Gi 98 cm
19. Smooth-leaved Elm ( Ulmus minor )
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20.
Japanese Zelkova
BONSAI
( Zelkova serrata )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Japan, China, Korea Environment : Along streams, on moist soil Climate : Temperate Japanese Name : Keyaki Notes :
Zelkovae are often planted as substitutes for Elms (decimated by graphiosis), and in fact they are Ulmaceae too. The Japanese Zelkova can become a tall, spectacular tree; it is shade-tolerant and doesn’t need special care. The bark changes with age, from smooth to shaggy and rough.
Hokidachi (Gohon Yose) 23 cm
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BONSAI
Hokidachi 64 cm
Hokidachi 50 cm
20. Japanese Zelkova ( Zelkova serrata )
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XfrogPlants | Europe 1
XfrogPlants EUROPE 1 Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2013 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
01.
Field Maple
EUROPE 1
( Acer Campestre )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central Europe (Denmark to Italy), Eastern Europe Environment : Broadleaf forests and hedges up to 800 m. Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
The Field Maple is one of those humble but truly characteristic rural trees of Europe. In the past, European farmers used it to support the vine rows. It used to be the most diffused European Maple, but today more decorative maple species are often preferred for urban decoration.
Adult 9m
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EUROPE 1
Medium 9.5 m
Young 3m
01. Field Maple ( Acer Campestre )
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02.
Montpellier Maple
EUROPE 1
( Acer monspessulanum )
Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southern Europe Environment : Sub-Mediterranean broadleaf forests Climate : Mild, warm Notes :
Often growing as shrub, the Montpellier Maple is commonly found next to the Mediterranean’s coastal belt, in mixed woods with Manna Ash, Evergreen Oak and Pubescent Oak. Ancient Greeks and Romans considered maples as fatal trees, because the leaves often turn of a blood-like red in Autumn.
Adult 9.5 m
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EUROPE 1
Medium 5.5 m
Young 3m
02. Montpellier Maple ( Acer monspessulanum )
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03.
Italian Maple
EUROPE 1
( Acer opalus )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central and Southern Italy, Yugoslavia Environment : Broadleaf forests, from sea level to 1,300 m. Climate : Mild, warm Notes :
In spite of the name, the Italian Maple is not the most diffused native maple tree of Italy. It’s original area is quite narrow and it is not a single species, but a group of at least 3 species with varied characteristics that Botanists still haven’t been able to identify with certainty. It’s popularity as decorative tree is increasing.
Adult 19 m
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EUROPE 1
Medium 5m
Young 3.5 m
03. Italian Maple ( Acer opalus )
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04.
Black Alder
EUROPE 1
( Alnus glutinosa )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad conical Origin : Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asia Environment : Still water areas (ponds and swamps) up to 800 m. Climate : Temperate, mild, warm Notes :
According to an ancient legend, the Black Alder hosts the Evil spirit. The leaves soon turn to a dark shade of green (hence the “black” name). It has been widely planted for land reclamation of swamp areas. The wood is waterproof and as such extensively used for ships. Often found in mixed woods with willows and poplars.
Adult 21 m
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EUROPE 1
Medium 14 m
Young 5.5 m
04. Black Alder ( Alnus glutinosa )
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05.
Hornbeam
EUROPE 1
( Carpinus betulus )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central and Eastern Europe (Germany to Italy and Balkans) Environment : Mixed forests, up to 1,000 m; on fresh, fertile soil Climate : Temperate Notes :
The Hornbeam is a humble but sometimes majestic rural tree. Once common in Europe’s mixed broadleaf forests (with English Oak, Sweet Chestnut, European Beech and Hazel), it is much less diffused today. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Hornbeam became a high-society fashionable tree for decoration of villas’ boulevards.
Adult 21 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 1
Medium 13 m
05. Hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus )
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Young 3m
06.
European Hackberry
EUROPE 1
( Celtis australis )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Sub-Mediterranean Europe, Western Asia Environment : Broadleaf forests up to 600 m., on arid, rocky soils Climate : Temperate, mild, warm Notes :
The Hackberry is a humble rustic tree typical of Southern Europe countryside. It can grow between the rocks, and it’s Italian name (“Spaccasassi”, rockbreaker) let us imagine how powerful the roots are. The berries are much appreciated by the birds. It is often used in urban decoration because it is very resistant to pollution and parasites.
Adult 20 m
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EUROPE 1
Medium 9.5 m
Young 3.5 m
06. European Hackberry ( Celtis australis )
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07.
Common Ash
EUROPE 1
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( Fraxinus excelsior )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Europe Environment : Moist forests and river banks, on fresh, deep soil Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :
Before the Christian age, Scandinavia people considered this tree sacred to god Odin. There was also a belief that burning some Common Ash wood in a room could turn the evil spirits away. Vampires were believed to be killed only with a Common Ash pole in their hearts. Today the tree is cultivated for the highly prized wood.
Adult 32 m
EUROPE 1
Medium 15.5 m
Young 4m
07. Common Ash ( Fraxinus excelsior )
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08.
Austrian Pine
EUROPE 1
( Pinus nigra )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southeast of Europe (from Eastern Alps to Greece) Environment : Mountains and hills, on rocky calcareous soil Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :
Also known as European Black Pine, The Austrian Black Pine is often used as pioneer species on wasted areas, because it tolerates arid soils. Although not a mountain tree, it is cold-tolerant. It needs a lot of vertical light, but can stand lateral density, so woods of Black Pine are often dense with trunks. It is called “black” because of the dark needles.
Adult 26 m
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EUROPE 1
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Young 7.5 m
Medium 16 m
08. Austrian Pine ( Pinus nigra )
09.
White Poplar
EUROPE 1
( Populus alba )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southern Europe, Western Asia, Northern Africa Environment : River banks, moist forests up to 1,000 m. Climate : Mild, warm Notes :
Often found on river sides, the White Poplar is one of the most beautiful trees of Southern Europe, with the white bark and the spectacular leaves (dark green on the upper side, white on the under side). It grows on sandy or gravely deep calcareous soils, often in mixed woods with Black Poplar, White Willow and Black Alder.
Adult 30 m
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EUROPE 1
Young 7m
Medium 10 m
09. White Poplar ( Populus alba )
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10.
Black Poplar
EUROPE 1
( Populus nigra )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central and Southern Europe, Western Asia Environment : River banks, moist forests up to 1,000 m. Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The Black Poplar is the most diffused European poplar, and one of the landmarks of Europe’s river valleys, although today the pure species can be found only in the wild, because in cultivations faster-growing hybrids are preferred. Differently from the White Poplar, the Black Poplar is drought-intolerant.
Adult 26 m
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EUROPE 1
Medium 13 m Young 2m
10. Black Poplar ( Populus nigra )
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11.
Lombardy Poplar
EUROPE 1
( Populus nigra var. Italica )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Upright columnar Origin : Italy (Lombardy) Environment : Planted by man in the countryside, at low altitudes Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The Lombardy Poplar is the result of a spontaneous genetic anomaly in a Black Poplar exemplar located in Lombardy (Italy), in the 18th. Century. The branches were then used to propagate the new variety, which in only 200 years became one of the world’s most popular for decoration of the countryside. It exists only as male, so it can not reproduce itself spontaneously.
Adult 30 m
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EUROPE 1
Young 8m Medium 18 m
11. Lombardy Poplar ( Populus nigra var. Italica )
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12.
Cherry Laurel
EUROPE 1
( Prunus laurocerasus )
Shrub/Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Eastern Europe, Western Asia Environment : Forests and thickets, in full sunlight or partial shade Climate : Mild Notes :
The Cherry Laurel can be found as a small tree or shrub. It is a very popular choice for hedges, because it has a dense growth and stands severe pruning. All parts are poisonous for man because of the Prussic acid, yet birds enjoy the cherries very much and often nest amongst the branches.
Adult 10 m
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EUROPE 1
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Young 2m
Medium 5.5 m
12. Cherry Laurel ( Prunus laurocerasus )
13.
Sessile Oak
EUROPE 1
( Quercus petraea )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Europe, from Scandinavia to Southern Italy Environment : Forests, from sea level to 1,300 m. Climate : Cool, temperate, mild, warm Notes :
Also known as Durmast Oak. It is often found in mixed woods with English Oak, Turkey Oak and Hornbeam (at lower altitudes), or with Sweet Chestnut and Beech (on the mountains). It is very tolerant of both cool and warm temperatures. The wood is the most appreciated of all Oak wood for furnishing.
Adult 32 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 1
Medium 14 m Young 5m
13. Sessile Oak ( Quercus petraea )
XfrogPlants
14.
English Oak
EUROPE 1
XfrogPlants
( Quercus robur )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Europe Environment : Plain and hill forests Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The English Oak used to be one of the most diffused trees on the European plains and hills. Today only a small portion of the old oak forests remain. The Latin name “robur” hints at the sturdiness of the wood, which is resistant but easy to work, and therefore widely used to build houses and ships.
Adult 27 m
EUROPE 1
Medium 15 m
14. English Oak ( Quercus robur )
Young 5m
XfrogPlants
15.
White Willow
EUROPE 1
( Salix alba )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Europe, Western Asia Environment : River sides, from sea level to 1,000 m. Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The White Willow is one of the landmarks of the European countryside, being present almost everywhere on river sides and water pools. It very often grows in mixed stands with the Black Poplar. It used to be widely cultivated for the production of wicker, but not so much often today.
Adult 15 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 1
Medium 11 m
Young 5.5 m
15. White Willow ( Salix alba )
XfrogPlants
16.
Crack Willow
EUROPE 1
( Salix fragilis )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Europe, Asia Environment : River banks Climate : Mild Notes :
The Crack Willow is named after the fragility of it’s branches, which are easily broken by the water stream and carried away, to be left in the mud where they grow as new trees. For this reason it is not unusual to find this tree growing in the middle of low waters. It tolerates pollution and salt and it is planted to consolidate embankments.
Adult 12 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 1
Medium 8m Young 3m
16. Crack Willow ( Salix fragilis )
XfrogPlants
17.
Elderberry
EUROPE 1
( Sambucus nigra )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Europe, Western Asia Environment : Humid woods, river sides, wasted lands, in full sunlight Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
The Elderberry grows where the soil is humid and rich with Nitrogen: abandoned buildings, areas wasted by fire, where it often is the first re-colonizing species. The raw berries, rich of C vitamin, are loved by birds, but poisonous for man. People make jam from them. Berries and flowers have important medical qualities.
Adult 6.5 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 1
XfrogPlants
Young 2.5 m
Medium 6.5 m
17. Elderberry ( Sambucus nigra )
18.
English Yew
EUROPE 1
( Taxus baccata )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Northern Africa, Southeast of Europe Environment : In the shade of broadleaf forests, on calcareous soil Climate : Mild Notes :
In spite of the name, the English Yew is a Southern tree. It is very poisonous for man: ancient Romans called it the “death tree” and wore the branches as mourning ornament. Horses and cows can eat it. A very ancient species (already present in the Tertiary era), it has a very long life: there are exemplars older than 1,500 years.
Adult 16 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 1
Medium 10.5 m Young 4.5 m
18. English Yew ( Taxus baccata )
XfrogPlants
19.
Broad Leaved Linden
EUROPE 1
( Tilia platyphyllos )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Europe, Southwest of Asia Environment : Moist forests, from sea level to 1,200 m. Climate : Mild Notes :
Often found in mixed woods with Hornbeam, Elms, Oaks and Common Ash, the Broad-Leaved Linden is not the most diffused European linden, because it needs a more humid soil. It also blooms some weeks sooner than the others. It is cultivated by honey producers because the flowers are very much appreciated by bees.
Adult 20 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 1
Young 5m Medium 12.5 m
19. Broad Leaved Linden ( Tilia platyphyllos )
XfrogPlants
20.
Silver Linden
EUROPE 1
( Tilia tomentosa )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southeast of Europe, Southwest of Asia Environment : Open hill forests, on calcareous soils Climate : Mild Notes :
The Silver Linden is so called because the under side of leaves is of a light greenish colour. It is the most pollutionresistant and climate-tolerant of all linden species, and widely used for urban decoration. The flowers are the most scented of all linden trees, but can be lethal for bees, therefore the Silver Linden is not used in apiculture.
Adult 25 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 1
Medium 10 m Young 4.5 m
20. Silver Linden ( Tilia tomentosa )
XfrogPlants
XfrogPlants | Europe 2
XfrogPlants EUROPE 2 Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2013 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
21.
Silver Fir
EUROPE 2
( Abies alba )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Central and Southern Europe (Alps, Apennines, Carpathians) Environment : Mountain forests Climate : Cool Notes :
In mixed formations with the European Beech, the Silver Fir used to be the king of the mountain forests of Central-Southern Europe, but the indiscriminate exploitation and the climatic changes reduced it’s spaces in favour of faster growing species. Widely used by the Romans to build their ships.
Adult 35 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 2
Medium 20 m
21. Silver Fir ( Abies alba )
XfrogPlants
Young 6m
22.
Caucasian Fir
EUROPE 2
( Abies nordmanniana )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Eastern Europe, Turkey Environment : Mountain forests, from 600 to 1,800 m. Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The Caucasian Fir, differently from most similar conifers, does keep it’s lowest branches on even when old. This gives it a high decoration value and it’s the reason why it is so often planted in parks and gardens. It’s growth rate is slow. First discovered on the Caucasian mountains in the 19th Century.
Adult 25 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 2
Medium 19 m
Young 6.5 m
22. Caucasian Fir ( Abies nordmanniana )
XfrogPlants
23.
Silver Birch
EUROPE 2
( Betula pendula )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Narrow weeping Origin : Europe (except for Spain), Northern Asia Environment : Humid forests, sub-alpine thickets from 500 to 2,000 m. Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
In spite of the delicate look, the Silver Birch is one of the most resistant trees. On the mountains it can even grow up to the trees limit. The Shamans of Northern Siberia consider it the Cosmic tree. It is planted for decoration all over the world because of the very elegant shape and colours of bark and leaves.
Adult 24 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 2
Medium 11 m
Young 6.5 m
23. Silver Birch ( Betula pendula )
XfrogPlants
24.
Sweet Chestnut
EUROPE 2
( Castanea sativa )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asia Environment : Sub-Mediterranean forests, on acidic soil, up to 900 m. Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The Sweet Chestnut has been diffused all over Europe by the Romans. It is found in mixed woods (with English and Turkey Oaks, Sea Pine, European Beech). Because of the fruits, it was cultivated since a very ancient age, even before the cereals were. In the Middle Ages, sweet chestnuts were the main food source for the populations of Southern Europe.
Adult 30 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 2
Medium 11.5 m
Young 4m
24. Sweet Chestnut ( Castanea sativa )
XfrogPlants
25.
Hazel Tree
EUROPE 2
( Corylus avellana )
Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Shrubby, broad columnar Origin : Europe, South-Western Asia Environment : Hills and mountains underwood, up to 1,700 m. Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
Often a shrub, the Hazel Tree grows on deep, fresh calcareous soil. It has been cultivated since the Roman age because of the fruits. In the 19th century the hazelnut paste became a substitute for chocolate. The Hazel tree is considered a symbol of the moon, and for this reason its branches are used by the water diviners.
Adult 5.5 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 2
Medium 3m
Young 2m
25. Hazel Tree ( Corylus avellana )
XfrogPlants
26.
European Beech
EUROPE 2
( Fagus sylvatica )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Europe (from Norway to Sicily) Environment : Mountain forests from 600 to 1,700 m. altitude Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The European Beech is one of Europe’s widest-ranged mountain trees. The slow growth rate, however, is causing it’s progressive replacement with the faster-growing spruce trees. The ground of beech forests is acid because of the very little light passing through. The beech wood can be easily bent, and has balsamic properties.
Adult 27 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 2
Young 2m Medium 14.5 m
26. European Beech ( Fagus sylvatica )
XfrogPlants
27.
Holly
EUROPE 2
( Ilex aquifolium )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Europe, West Asia Environment : Undergrowth of beach and oak forests Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The Holly has a very nice look in winter, with the shiny leaves and the red berries, and for this reason it’s twigs are a popular choice for Christmas decoration. The fruits are poisonous for man but birds like them very much. The heavy wood is appreciated for handicraft work.
Adult 20 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 2
Medium 10.5 m
27. Holly ( Ilex aquifolium )
Young 3m
XfrogPlants
28.
Common Juniper
EUROPE 2
( Juniperus communis )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Europe Environment : Open places on dry rocky slopes, from sea level to 3,000 m. Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
The Common Juniper can grow easily on arid and rocky soils and for this reason it has been used to consolidate the ground of unstable slopes. It can be found as shrub or tree, and it is highly ornamental. The berries are much appreciated as culinary flavouring. Today in many European regions it is a protected species.
Adult 7m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 2
Young 2.5 m
Medium 4.5 m
28. Common Juniper ( Juniperus communis )
XfrogPlants
29.
Alpine Laburnum
EUROPE 2
( Laburnum alpinum )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central and Southern Europe (from Alps to Balcans) Environment : Mountains Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The Alpine laburnum is a very decorative shrub or tree, with long, weeping flowers and fruits. It’s flowers are smaller than those of the Common Laburnum (Golden Chain). All parts of the Alpine Laburnum, and especially the seeds, are poisonous.
Adult 7.5 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 2
Medium 4m
29. Alpine Laburnum ( Laburnum alpinum )
Young 2.5 m
XfrogPlants
30.
European Larch
EUROPE 2
( Larix decidua )
Tree, deciduous conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Central Europe Environment : Mountains, from 600 to 2,500 m., in full sunlight Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
A true mountain tree, the European Larch usually does not grow below 600 m., although it can be damaged by late frost. It is a useful species because it can grow on fire-wasted areas. It needs abundant light and space, and does not like humidity. The excellent wood is highly prized. In Autumn the leaves turn yellow and fall.
Adult 32 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 2
Young 8m
Medium 19 m
30. European Larch ( Larix decidua )
XfrogPlants
31.
Medlar
EUROPE 2
( Mespilus germanica )
Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Southeast of Europe, Southwest of Asia Environment : Forests, mountain thickets Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :
The Medlar can be either a small tree or a shrub. It was very much appreciated by ancient Greeks and Romans because of the fruits. The Medlar was sacred to the god Saturn (Chronos). The fruits become edible only after long exposure to frost.
Adult 6.5 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 2
Medium 4m
Young 2.5 m
31. Medlar ( Mespilus germanica )
XfrogPlants
32.
Norway Spruce
EUROPE 2
( Picea abies )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Northern and Central Europe (from Norway to the Alps) Environment : Mountain forests up to 2,000 m., on humid soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The Norway Spruce is the traditional Christmas tree for all Europe. It’s the most important European conifer, with a native range from Scandinavia to Siberia to the Alps. The wood is of excellent quality and appreciated for making violins and furniture. In the ancient ages, it was used to prepare pitch, and the bark for tanning hides.
Adult 25 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 2
Medium 10 m
Young 3.5 m
32. Norway Spruce ( Picea abies )
XfrogPlants
33.
Serbian Spruce
EUROPE 2
( Picea omorika )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Bosnia-Herzegovina, Jugoslavija Environment : Near rivers, on limestone Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The Serbian spruce could survive the last Glacial era only in one place, the valley of river Drina, where it grasped on the rocky calcareous mountains, as it still does today. It is used for urban decoration in cold cities, because it is resistant to cold, wind, parasites, and pollution. It grows very slowly.
Adult 23.5 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 2
Young 5.5 m
Medium 14.5 m
33. Serbian Spruce ( Picea omorika )
XfrogPlants
34.
Oriental Spruce
EUROPE 2
( Picea orientalis )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Caucasus, Northeast of Turkey Environment : Mountain forests up to 2,150 m. Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
This majestic tree can reach a considerable height in it’s native lands of Caucasus. It is also appreciated for urban decoration because of the elegant shape and the fact that it resists well to parasites. The wood has similar qualities to that of Norway Spruce.
Adult 41 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 2
Medium 20 m
Young 6.5 m
34. Oriental Spruce ( Picea orientalis )
XfrogPlants
35.
Swiss Stone Pine
EUROPE 2
( Pinus cembra )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow columnar Origin : Europe (Alps, Carpathians), Northern Asia Environment : Mountains, from 1,500 to 2,400 m. Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
This small tree is, after the Mugo Pine, the second highest-altitude growing pine of Europe. It grows very slowly and keeps the lowest, near to ground branches while growing. This characteristics make it appreciated for urban decoration in cold climate cities. The wood is prized for handicraft work. The seeds are edible.
Adult 20 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 2
Medium 10 m
Young 5.5 m
35. Swiss Stone Pine ( Pinus cembra )
XfrogPlants
36.
Mugo Pine
EUROPE 2
( Pinus mugo )
Shrub/Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Shrubby, broad spreading Origin : Europe (Alps) Environment : Alpine slopes and thickets, from 1,500 to 2,700 m. Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The Mugo Pine is easily recognizable because of the prostrate shape, with dense laying branches pointing upwards. Only rarely it grows tree-tall. It plays a very important role in the Alpine ecosystem, because it shelters young trees and trunks of older trees from the freezing winds. It also creates a natural barrier against avalanches.
Adult 2.5 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 2
Medium 1.5 m
Young 1m
36. Mugo Pine ( Pinus mugo )
XfrogPlants
37.
Scotch Pine
EUROPE 2
( Pinus sylvestris )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Whole Europe, Asia Environment : Mountains, on sandy soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
Also known as Scots pine, it is probably the tree with the widest diffusion over Europe, from Spain to Siberia, Scandinavia to Apennines. It is a rustic tree that loves full sunlight and grows even on arid soils. The resin is used to produce turpentine and colophony, a paste that makes ships waterproof. The buds are balsamic.
Adult 21 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 2
Medium 12 m
Young 4m
37. Scotch Pine ( Pinus sylvestris )
XfrogPlants
38.
Oriental Planetree
EUROPE 2
( Platanus orientalis )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southeast of Europe Environment : Mountain forests and riversides, on deep, fertile soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The Oriental Planetree is the native European planetree. It can reach the age of 500 years. It is very much resistant to pollution but it can suffer from some parasites, and for this reason the London Planetree (Platanus acerifolia, a garden crossover) is often preferred for urban decoration.
Adult 30 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 2
Medium 14 m
38. Oriental Planetree ( Platanus orientalis )
Young 5m
XfrogPlants
39.
Pyrenean Oak
EUROPE 2
( Quercus pyrenaica )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southwest of Europe, Northern Africa Environment : Mountain forests Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The Pyrenean oak has characteristics that are similar to those of other European and Mediterranean oaks. it grows on hills and mountain woods, in pure stands or mixed with other species. It features long leaves and can also be found in a natural weeping variety.
Adult 20 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 2
Medium 9m
Young 5.5 m
39. Pyrenean Oak ( Quercus pyrenaica )
XfrogPlants
40.
European Mountain Ash
EUROPE 2
( Sorbus aucuparia )
Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : May-June Origin : Europe, Northern Africa, Asia Environment : Alpine forests, moorland, on moist, acetous soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The Latin “aucuparia” is because in the past, the berries of this tree were used as bird lure. Rich in vitamins, they were also medication to cure scurvy. In Scotland and Scandinavia this tree was believed to keep the Devil away, and planted in front of churches and houses. Celtic druids sacred this tree to the goddess Brigid.
Adult 16 m
XfrogPlants
EUROPE 2
Medium 8.5 m
Young 4m
40. European Mountain Ash ( Sorbus aucuparia )
XfrogPlants
XfrogPlants | Europe 3
Cappadocian Maple
Golden Willow
XfrogPlants EUROPE 3 Contents : 180 3D Models in: Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, .3DS and .XFR formats XFR can be edited with Xfrog 3.5 software (Purchased Separately) With Xfrog 3.5 Procedural Software, easily create your very own variations of Growth, Branching, Add or Reduce Model Complexity, and much more. 180 1600 x 1600, Billboard Renders 180 1600 x 1600, Perspective Renders Xfrog Software and Models: Xfrog User Group:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/Xfrog
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures, are copyright: © 2001 - 2010 Xfrog Inc Tel. 310 933 5949 Support3@xfrog.com All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business. If you wish to further distribute the content, e.g. models, textures, or derivative models, or model parts, inside a game title; or use the library in any multi-user context; please contact us for distribution licensing.
XfrogPlants Development : Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Rendering
Peter Fantke: Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
41. Cappadocian Maple ( Acer cappadocicum )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Tree, deciduous broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 15 m Origin : Eastern Europe and Asia Environment : hill and mountain forests Climate : temperate, cool Notes :
The Cappadocian Maple is often planted in the cities as ornamental species, due to the brilliant autumn colour and dense summer foliage. The native range encompasses a wide area that goes from the Caucasus and inland Turkey to the Himalayas. It was first introduced in Great Britain in 1838. It is one of the few maple species that can re-grow from around the base of the trunk.
Variation 9 15 m Summer
Variation 7 10 m Autumn
Variation 8 12 m Spring
Variation 6 7m Summer
Variation 5 6m Autumn
41. Cappadocian Maple ( Acer cappadocicum )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 4m Autumn
Variation 4 5m Winter
Variation 2 3m Spring Variation 1 2m Autumn
41. Cappadocian Maple ( Acer cappadocicum )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
42. Grey Alder ( Alnus incana )
EUROPE 3
Tree, deciduous broadleaf, broad columnar Height : up to 20 m (typically around 12 m) Origin : Eastern Europe (Caucasus) Environment : mountain forests, near water courses;
on calcareous soil Climate : cool, temperate
Notes :
The Grey Alder is a fast-growing, short-living forest species of Eastern Europe that grows in mountain forests, preferably along water courses. It is a pioneer species (re-colonizing wasted lands) and it is often used along mountain roads to consolidate the mountain sides in order to avoid landslides. It is cold resistant. The timber is lighter than the one of the Black Alder, and not as useful. In Autumn, the foliage does not really turn colours, it only discolours a bit then falls.
Variation 7 11 m Autumn
xfrogplants
Variation 9 18 m Spring Variation 8 14 m Winter
Variation 6 8m Summer
42. Grey Alder ( Alnus incana )
Variation 5 6m Autumn
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Variation 4 5.5 m Spring Variation 3 5m Summer
Variation 2 2m Spring
Variation 1 1.5 m Summer
42. Grey Alder ( Alnus incana )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
43. Chestnut ( Castanea sativa )
EUROPE 3
Tree, deciduous broadleaf, broad columnar Height : up to 30 m (typically around 20 m) Origin : South-eastern Europe, Western Asia Environment : hills and low mountains forests, on neutral or slightly acidic soils
Climate : cool, temperate; moderately humid Notes :
The Chestnut used to be the main crop in Europe during Ancient and Middle Age times. Chestnut flour was used to make bread, which fed many generations of poor Europeans. The timber was much appreciated. Chestnuts were diffused all over Europe by the Romans. In recent times Chestnuts have become rarer because of the advent of American cereals and of other timber species. In Southern Europe Chestnuts grow in pure standings or mixed with the Downy Oak.
Variation 4 10 m Spring
xfrogplants
Variation 9 20 m Winter Variation 8 18 m Summer
Variation 6 12 m Autumn
Variation 7 16 m Spring
43. Chestnut ( Castanea sativa )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Variation 5 12 m Summer
Variation 3 7m Summer
Variation 2 5m Autumn
Variation 1 4.5 m Spring
43. Chestnut ( Castanea sativa )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
44. Turkish Hazel ( Corylus colurna )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Tree, deciduous broadleaf, broad conical Height : up to 20 m (typically around 15 m) Origin : Southeastern Europe, Southwestern Asia Environment : in full sunlight; on well-drained clay soil Climate : cool, temperate Notes :
The Turkish Hazel is native or the Balkans area and of Turkey and Iran. It is the tallest of all Corylus species, reaching 35 meters height in native standings, but growing rarely above 15 meters when planted elsewhere. The fruit is hard and small, so not useful commercially, but Turkish Hazels trunks are used in cultivations to graft in the branches of the Common Hazel, because the Turkish Hazel does not produce growths from the base. The Turkish Hazel is cold and pollution resistant, and thus often planted for urban decoration.
Variation 8 12 m Spring
Variation 7 11 m Autumn
Variation 5 8m Winter
Variation 9 15 m Summer
Variation 6 8m Spring
44. Turkish Hazel ( Corylus colurna )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Variation 4 7.5 m Summer
Variation 3 6.5 m Summer
Variation 2 3.5 m Autumn
44. Turkish Hazel ( Corylus colurna )
Variation 1 2.5 m Spring
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
45. European Smoketree ( Cotinus coggygria )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Shrub, deciduous broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 4 m Origin : Southern Europe Environment : in full sunlight;
on well-drained calcareous soils Climate : temperate
Notes :
The European Smoketree is a rustic shrub that can grow in different environments, as it is not very demanding. It mostly grows in thickets and it colonizes steep calcareous terrains. The leaves are rich in tannin and used for tanning leather. The timber is used for small craftsmanship works. The “Royal Purple” cultivar is a very popular garden-created variety that sports both leaves and flowers/ fruits of an intense purple colour.
Variation 6 2.2 m Summer
Variation 8 3m Summer
Variation 9 4m Spring
Variation 7 2.5 m (cv. Royal Purple) Summer
45. European Smoketree ( Cotinus coggygria )
Variation 5 1.9 m Autumn
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Variation 4 1.5 m Winter Variation 3 0.9 m Autumn
Variation 2 0.8 m (cv. Royal Purple) Autumn
45. European Smoketree ( Cotinus coggygria )
Variation 1 0.7 m Spring
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
46. Cutleaf European Beech ( Fagus sylvatica var. Asplenifolia )
EUROPE 3
Tree, deciduous broadleaf, broad columnar Height : up to 30 m Origin : Central Europe Environment : in full sun or partial shade;
on deep, fresh, well-drained soils Climate : temperate, mild
Notes :
The Cutleaf European Beech is a variety of the more common European Beech. It sports much narrower leaves, deeply lobed. It is more tolerant of lower altitudes than the common Beech, and therefore often planted in low-altitude cities, where it is appreciated for the elegant and uncommon aspect of the leaves. It does not tolerate frost and high excursion temperatures.
Variation 9 20 m Summer
xfrogplants
Variation 7 12 m Spring
Variation 8 18 m Autumn
Variation 6 10 m Spring
Variation 5 6m Winter
46. Cutleaf European Beech ( Fagus asplenifolia )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 4m Autumn
Variation 4 5m Summer
Variation 1 1.5 m Summer
Variation 2 2.5 m Summer
46. Cutleaf European Beech ( Fagus asplenifolia )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
47. Weeping European Beech ( Fagus sylvatica var. Pendula )
EUROPE 3
Tree, deciduous broadleaf, broad columnar Height : up to 30 m Origin : Central Europe Environment : in full sun or partial shade; from 600 to 1800 m altitude; on deep, fresh, well-drained soils
Climate : temperate, mild Notes :
The Weeping European Beech is a decorative variety of the common European Beech. The leaves look the same, but they are hanging down from the bent-down twigs. There is also an Atropurpurea variety with deep purple coloured leaves, which is more tolerant of low altitudes. The Weeping European Beech does not adapt well to plains and to dry soils. In city parks, it is often planted near lakes.
Variation 8 16 m (var. Atropurpurea) Summer
xfrogplants
Variation 9 20 m Winter
Variation 7 14 m Summer
Variation 5 10 m Autumn
Variation 6 12 m Spring
47. Weeping European Beech ( Fagus sylvatica var. Pendula )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 6m Spring Variation 4 8m Autumn
Variation 2 4m (var. Atropurpurea) Summer
47. Weeping European Beech ( Fagus sylvatica var. Pendula )
Variation 1 2m Summer
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
48. Savin Juniper ( Juniperus sabina )
EUROPE 3
Shrub/Tree, evergreen conifer, broad spreading Height : up o 6 m Origin : Europe, Asia Environment : on steep, rocky mountain sides; in full sun Climate : temperate, cool, cold Notes :
The Savin Juniper (also called simply Sabine) is a Juniper species that grows preferably on steep and rocky mountain sides, where it colonizes terrain. For this reason it is also planted by man along sides of mountain roads, to contrast landslides. The leaves are of intense green colour and have an acrid smell, due to the toxic substances that they contain (the plant is poisonous). Like the other Junipers, it can promote biogroups (group of differently aged plants where the older plant is surrounded by younger ones).
Variation 6 2m Spring
xfrogplants
Variation 9 6m Winter
Variation 8 4m Summer
Variation 7 2.5 m Autumn
Variation 5 1m Summer
48. Sabine Juniper ( Juniperus Sabina )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Variation 4 0.6 m Winter
Variation 3 0.5 m Autumn
Variation 1 0.3 m Winter
Variation 2 0.4 m Spring
48. Sabine Juniper ( Juniperus Sabina )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
49. European Fly Honeysuckle ( Lonicera xylosteum )
EUROPE 3
Shrub, deciduous broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 5 m Origin : Southeastern Europe Environment : in broadleaf forests; in full sun or shade Climate : temperate, warm Notes :
The Fly Honeysuckle is similar to the Common Honeysuckle, except that the latter is a creeping plant, while the Fly honeysuckle has a self-standing trunk. The leaves are hairy. It likes full sun, but it can also grow in the shade of broadleaf forests as part of the understorey. It is tolerant of a variety of soils, but it suffers in drought, which compromises the beautiful and intensely scented blooming.
Variation 8 2.5 m Spring
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Variation 6 2.2 m Summer Variation 9 3m Summer
Variation 7 2.5 m Summer
Variation 5 2m Spring
49. European Fly Honeysuckle ( Lonicera Xylosteum )
EUROPE 3
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Variation 4 1.6 m Spring
Variation 3 1.3 m Winter
Variation 2 1.2 m Autumn
Variation 1 0.5 m Spring
49. European Fly Honeysuckle ( Lonicera Xylosteum )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
50. European Hop Hornbeam ( Ostrya carpinifolia )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Shrub, deciduous broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 20 m Origin : East Mediterranean, Caucasus Environment : sunny hill sides, in mixed forests;
on well-drained calcareous soils Climate : temperate, warm
Notes :
The European Hop Hornbeam is widely diffused in the Mediterranean regions. It grows preferably in mixed forest standings together with the Downy Oak, in a xerophyte, heliophile and termophile. It does not tolerate frost. It can also grow on shallow soil because it’s radical apparatus is quite superficial. It’s rustic and adaptable character is appreciated for planting on road sides and as arboreal barrier.
Variation 6 7m Summer
Variation 8 14 m Winter
Variation 5 5.5 m Summer Variation 9 20 m Autumn
Variation 7 8m Spring
50. European Hop Hornbeam ( Ostrya carpinifolia )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 4.5 m Summer
Variation 4 5m Spring
Variation 2 4m Autumn
50. European Hop Hornbeam ( Ostrya carpinifolia )
Variation 1 3m Spring
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
51. Oriental Planetree ( Platanus orientalis )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Tree, deciduous broadleaf, broad columnar Height : up to 30 m Origin : Southeastern Europe, Middle East Environment : in full sun; up to 600 m altitude Climate : temperate, mild Notes :
The Oriental Planetree is the native planetree of Europe. It is very resistant to pollution and for this reason it was planted in most city parks and avenues. In the last decades, however, it was attacked by a disease, and for this reason, a hybrid species (Platanus x acerifolia), born from the crossover of the Oriental Planetree with the American Planetree, is almost exclusively planted today. The venerable existing species of the Oriental Planetree can reach an impressive size and shape.
Variation 7 14 m Summer
Variation 8 22 m Winter
Variation 9 24 m Summer
Variation 5 10 m Autumn
Variation 6 12 m Spring
51. Oriental Planetree ( Platanus orientalis )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 5m Spring
Variation 4 7m Summer
Variation 1 2m Autumn
Variation 2 4m Summer
51. Oriental Planetree ( Platanus orientalis )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
52. European Aspen ( Populus tremula )
EUROPE 3
Tree, deciduous broadleaf, broad columnar Height : up to 35 m (more commonly up to 25 m) Origin : Europe, Central Asia Environment : on mountain humid areas, in broadleaf forests; up to 1800 m altitude; on rich, fresh soils Climate : temperate, cool, cold
Notes :
The European Aspen is found on hills and mountains. The name tremula means ‘trembling’ as a reference to the way the long-stalked leaves move in the breeze. It’s a sun loving species, but it also can grow in the partial shade of broadleaf forests. Like all populus species, it is short-lived, and the timber is of poor quality and therefore used for packaging and to make matches and paper.
Variation 9 25 m Summer
xfrogplants
Variation 8 18 m Autumn
Variation 7 12 m Spring
Variation 6 10 m Autumn
52. European Aspen ( Populus tremula )
Variation 5 9m Summer
EUROPE 3
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Variation 3 4.5 m Autumn
Variation 4 6m Summer
Variation 2 3.5 m Autumn
52. European Aspen ( Populus tremula )
Variation 1 2m Spring
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
53. Caucasian Wingnut ( Pterocarya fraxinifolia )
EUROPE 3
Tree, deciduous broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 25 m Origin : Caucasus, Iran Environment : in full sun, along rivers;
on humid, deep clay soils Climate : temperate
Notes :
The Caucasian Wingnut is a large, attractive tree, often planted in parks and gardens for decoration. It is especially appreciated for the speed at which it can reach large dimensions. The timber is similar to the Walnut (Juglans regia), although not as strong and resistant.
Variation 8 12 m Spring
xfrogplants
Variation 7 10 m Summer
Variation 9 14 m Winter
Variation 5 7m Autumn
Variation 6 8m Autumn
53. Caucasian Wingnut ( Pterocarya fraxinifolia )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Variation 4 6m Summer
Variation 3 5m Spring
Variation 2 3m Summer
Variation 1 2m Summer
53. Caucasian Wingnut ( Pterocarya fraxinifolia )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
54. Scarlet Firethorn ( Pyracantha coccinea )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Shrub, evergreen broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 4 m Origin : Southeastern Europe Environment : in full sun or partial shade; on humid, rich soils
Climate : temperate, warm Notes :
The Firethorn is a very decorative shrub native of Southern Eastern Europe. It tends to grow with irregular shapes but stands pruning very well and is therefore often used for hedges. It is most appreciated for the decorative value of it’s flowers and especially of it’s Autumn fruits, which can be yellow, orange, or green. It blooms more abundantly if placed in a sunny position.
Variation 5 2.1 m Autumn
Variation 9 3.5 m Autumn
Variation 8 3.2 m Summer
Variation 7 3m Autumn
Variation 6 2.4 m Spring
54. Scarlet Firethorn ( Pyracantha coccinea )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 2m Autumn
Variation 4 1.8 m Autumn
Variation 1 1.2 m Winter
Variation 2 2.2 m Spring
54. Scarlet Firethorn ( Pyracantha coccinea )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
55. Downy Oak ( Quercus pubescens )
EUROPE 3
Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 20 m Origin : Central part of Southern Europe (Italy, Greece) Environment : hill sides; on well-drained soils Climate : temperate, warm Notes :
The Downy Oak is the most diffused Oak in Southern Europe. It often grows in almost shrubby form, but some exemplars can reach majestic dimensions. It is a landmark of winter landscapes because of the leaves. An European legend says that God allowed the devil to have power over the forests. The forest trees complained and God conceded them that devil would not have power over them until leaves were on the trees. The Oak therefore held it’s leaves all winter long, until the other trees put on the new ones.
Variation 7 7m Summer
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Variation 8 10 m Spring
Variation 5 3m Autumn
Variation 9 18 m Summer
Variation 6 4.5 m Winter
55. Downy Oak ( Quercus pubescens )
EUROPE 3
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Variation 4 1.8 m Autumn Variation 3 2.5 m Winter
Variation 2 2m Spring Variation 1 1m Winter
55. Downy Oak ( Quercus pubescens )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
56. Pussy Willow ( Salix caprea )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 12 m Origin : Asia, Europe Environment : hill sides, on various soils;
up to 1500 m altitude Climate : temperate
Notes :
The European Pussy Willow (also known as Goat Willow, from the Latin name) is a very rustic species. It can grow on almost any soil, even the poorest and sliding ones. For this reason it is often planted on hill and mountain sides to consolidate the ground and prevent landslides. It is a pioneer species, colonizing new or abandoned land. It often grows in mixed broadleaf forests. The timber is very elastic and therefore used to create basketworks.
Variation 1 0.6 m Early Spring
Variation 8 7m Winter
Variation 9 9m Summer
Variation 7 7m Autumn Variation 6 6m Late Spring
56. Pussy Willow ( Salix caprea )
EUROPE 3
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Variation 4 3m Late Spring
Variation 5 5m Autumn
Variation 3 2m Summer
Variation 2 0.8 m Summer
56. Pussy Willow ( Salix caprea )
EUROPE 3
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57. Golden Willow ( Salix alba var. Vitellina )
EUROPE 3
Tree, deciduous broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 18 m when free growing Origin : Europe, Southern Africa, Western Asia Environment : along water courses, in pure or mixed
standings; on many types of humid soils Climate : temperate, warm
Notes :
The Golden Willow is a variety of the White Willow that features intense yellow-orange new growth branches. For this reason, it is often planted in rows and constantly pollarded, to crop the new branches every one or two years for the basketwork production. The pollarding creates a very peculiar shape which has become a landmark of the European countryside landscape, especially in the Winter, when the yellow-orange branches stand out above the white snow.
Variation 5 4m Winter
xfrogplants
Variation 8 Variation 8 5m 5m Summer Summer
Variation 9 5.5 m Spring
Variation 7 4.5 m Winter
57. Golden Willow ( Salix vitellina )
Variation 6 4.5 m Winter
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 3.5 m Winter
Variation 4 4m Spring
Variation 2 2m Winter
57. Golden Willow ( Salix vitellina )
Variation 1 1.5 m Autumn
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
58. Service Tree ( Sorbus domestica )
EUROPE 3
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Tree, deciduous broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 22 m Origin : Mediterranean Environment : in mixed broadleaf forests; on deep, well-
drained stony or clay soils; up to 1000 m altitude Climate : temperate, warm
Notes :
The Service Tree is the most common Sorbus species in Southern Europe. It is found in mixed termophile broadleaf forests, together with oaks, hornbeams, or other Sorbus species, and with an understorey of Wayfaring tree, Hazel and Dogwood. The Service Tree grows slowly but it’s long-lived. The fruits are very decorative and also edible, and used in some tasty recipes.
Variation 9 21 m Summer
Variation 8 19 m Autumn
Variation 7 11 m Winter
Variation 5 8m Spring
Variation 6 10 m Summer
58. Service Tree ( Sorbus domestica )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 5m Autumn
Variation 4 7m Summer
Variation 1 2m Spring
Variation 2 4m Autumn
58. Service Tree ( Sorbus domestica )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
59. Wild Service Tree ( Sorbus torminalis )
EUROPE 3
Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 20 m as tree (much lower as shrub) Origin : Central and Southern Europe Environment : edges of broadleaf forests, open scrubs, on low mountains up to 800 m altitude; on various soils
Climate : temperate Notes :
The Wild Service Tree is a rustic species, that prefers acidic deep clay soils, but adapts well also to stony calcareous soils. It is found on the hillsides or low mountains, at the edges of broadleaf forests, but also in open scrubs. It is a heliophile species that thrives in the full sun. It grows slowly but it’s long-lived. It’s often planted to re-colonize wasted lands, but recently also in city parks because of the decorative blossoms and fruits.
Variation 2 5m Spring
xfrogplants
Variation 8 16 m Summer
Variation 9 18 m Autumn
Variation 5 10 m Autumn Variation 1 4m Autumn
59. Wild Service Tree ( Sorbus torminalis )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Variation 6 11 m Summer
Variation 7 14 m Spring
Variation 4 9m Winter
Variation 3 7m Spring
59. Wild Service Tree ( Sorbus torminalis )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
60. European White Elm ( Ulmus laevis )
EUROPE 3
Tree, deciduous broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 30 m (more commonly up to 20 m) Origin : Central Europe Environment : humid plain forests, on humid, fertile soils Climate : temperate Notes :
The European White Elm is a beautiful Elm Species native of Central Europe. It grows spontaneously in the plains, where it used to be the landmark species, but can grow up to 500 m altitude. It thrives when growing in full sunlight. It loves humid soils, as long as well drained. It is however a very rustic species, that can adapt to different soil and temperature conditions. Unfortunately, like other Ulmus species, the European White Elm is also vulnerable to the deadly Graphiosis disease.
Variation 5 12 m Summer
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Variation 8 16 m Winter
Variation 9 18 m Spring
Variation 7 16 m Summer
Variation 2 7m Summer
60. European White Elm ( Ulmus laevis )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
Variation 4 10 m Autumn
Variation 6 15 m Autumn
Variation 3 8m Summer
Variation 1 3m Spring
60. European White Elm ( Ulmus laevis )
EUROPE 3
xfrogplants
XfrogPlants | European Groundcover
XfrogPlants European Groundcover Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2014 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
01.
Common Yarrow
( Achillea millefolium )
Herb, perennial Bloom : June-October Origin : Europe, Central Asia, North America Environment : All open sites; on dry to fresh, rich soils; sunny Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
The Common Yarrow’s botanical name comes from the Greek hero Achilles and is an old medicinal plant. Ethereal oils and alkaloids are parts of the plant juice and they are used to treat indigestion, diarrhea, flatulence and more. In combination with sunlight the juice of the Common Yarrow can cause some skin inflammations.
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
XfrogPlants
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
Model 1 53 cm
01. Common Yarrow ( Achillea millefolium )
Model 3 43 cm Model 2 50 cm
XfrogPlants
02.
Garlic Mustard
( Alliaria petiolata )
Herb, annual to perennial Bloom : April-July Origin : Europe, Western Asia, Northwestern Africa Environment : Forests, path sides; on loose, moist, rich calcareous soil Climate : Temperate Notes :
If the leaves of the Garlic Mustard are crushed, they smell and taste like real Garlic. Some mustard oils are responsible for the special scent and taste of this plant. Hence the common name “Garlic Mustard”. It is an old medicinal plant. Although it tastes slightly bitter, in the Middle Ages it was used as substitute for salt and as spice for salad.
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
XfrogPlants
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
Model 1 80 cm
02. Garlic Mustard ( Alliaria petiolata )
Model 2 70 cm
Model 3 80 cm
XfrogPlants
03.
Mugwort
( Artemisia vulgaris )
Herb, perennial Bloom : July-October Origin : Europe, Western Asia, Northwestern Africa, North America Environment : Path sides, wasteland; on sandy and loamy, rich soil; sunny Climate : Temperate Notes :
The Mugwort spreads through the entire temperate climate zone and is one of the oldest medicinal plants in the world. Mugwort contains ethereal oils (cineole and a small amount of the toxic thujon) and in some countries it is popular as spice for meat dishes. After drying the Mugwort Plant becomes a very common tea.
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
XfrogPlants
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
Model 1 60 cm
03. Mugwort ( Artemisia vulgaris )
Model 2 50 cm
Model 3 50 cm
XfrogPlants
04.
Daisy
( Bellis perennis )
Herb, perennial Bloom : February-December Origin : Europe, Middle East Environment : Meadows, pasturelands, lawns; on fresh, rich soil; sunny Climate : Large climate range Notes :
The botanical genus name for the Daisy may come from the Latin word “bellus” to describe the beautifully shaped flower. It is widespread in all grasslands and it is frost resistant up to -15°C. At night and during rainfall the flowers close as a useful protection mechanism. Daisy contains different saponines and has an antiinflammatory and blood cleansing effect.
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
XfrogPlants
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
Model 3 8 cm
Model 1 15 cm
Model 2 16 cm
04. Daisy ( Bellis perennis )
XfrogPlants
05.
Cornflower
( Centaurea cyanus )
Herb, annual Bloom : June-September Origin : Europe, Western Asia Environment : Fields, wasteland; on sandy and loamy, rich soil; sunny Climate : Mediterranean (hot, dry summers and mild, humid winters) Notes :
The origin of the Cornflower is the Mediterranean region, but it was scattered all over the world by cultivation of grains. By using different herbicides in agriculture for many years the Cornflower is a very rare species today. It is an important source for honey and contains the organic blue dye (centaurine).
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
XfrogPlants
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
Model 1 24 cm
05. Cornflower ( Centaurea cyanus )
Model 2 21 cm
Model 3 28 cm
XfrogPlants
06.
Greater Celandine
( Chelidonium maius )
Herb, perennial Bloom : April-October Origin : Europe, Middle East, Central Asia, Northern Africa Environment : Path sides; on fresh, loamy, rich soil; shady Climate : Temperate Notes :
The Greater Celandine is a medicinal plant and it is extremely toxic. This plant blooms from the time the swallows arrive until they migrate. This explains the botanical genus name, which comes from the Greek word for “swallow” (“chelidon”). Different alkaloids are part of the yellow plant juice, so it irritates skin and eyes. Its curative effect against warts is controversial, so it should only be used under medical supervision.
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
XfrogPlants
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
Model 1 40 cm Model 2 43 cm
Model 3 44 cm
06. Greater Celandine ( Chelidonium maius )
XfrogPlants
07.
Ox-Eye Daisy
( Chrysanthemum leucanthemum )
Herb, perennial Bloom : May-October Origin : Europe, Asia Environment : Meadows, medium dry lawns, fallows; on any soil Climate : Mild Notes :
The Ox-Eye Daisy, also known as the Common Roadside Daisy, has very low demands. Very low nutrients will favor a better and faster growth while mowing lets it grow like a carpet. It is very popular as ornamental plant and therefore it exists all over the world, but it’s origin is Europe.
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
XfrogPlants
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
Model 1 23 cm Model 2 36 cm
07. Ox-Eye Daisy ( Chrysanthemum leucanthemum )
Model 3 25 cm
XfrogPlants
08.
Couch Grass
( Elytrigia repens )
Grass, perennial Bloom : June-August Origin : Europe, Northern Asia, Northern Africa, Southern America Environment : Lawns, fields, path sides; on fresh, rich soil; sunny Climate : Large climate range Notes :
The Couch Grass is one of the most famous and dangerous weeds in the world. If there is an appearance of a large quantity of this grass, the soil can dry out. Moreover its subterranean tillers can destroy all soft obstacles like potato tubers or similar components of plants. On the other hand it is very popular as cattle feed in agriculture.
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
XfrogPlants
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
Model 1 40 cm
08. Couch Grass ( Elytrigia repens )
Model 2 80 cm
Model 3 40 cm
XfrogPlants
09.
Cleavers
( Galium aparine )
Herb, annual Bloom : May-September Origin : Europe, Asia, Northwestern Africa, North America Environment : Path sides, undergrowth, wasteland; fresh, loamy, rich wet soil Climate : Temperate Notes :
The Cleavers has small burrs on stem, leaves and fruits which help it to stick on other plants, furs and clothing. In former times it is said that a girl has a secret lover, if she unknowingly had a Cleavers on her back – and if the Cleavers fall down, the stems show the first letter of the lover’s name.
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
XfrogPlants
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
Model 1 42 cm
09. Cleavers ( Galium aparine )
XfrogPlants
Model 2 34 cm Model 3 31 cm
10.
Herb Robert
( Geranium robertianum )
Herb, annual Bloom : May-October Origin : Europe, Asia, Northwestern Africa, Northern and Central America Environment : Forests, quarries, rubble piles; dry, rich soil; shady Climate : Temperate Notes :
The Herb Robert is an old medicinal plant. The botanical species name as well as the common species name was given by the natural scientist Carl Linné. He called this plant “robertianum”, because one of his acquaintances had a very strange body odor – and his name was Robert.
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
XfrogPlants
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
Model 1 13 cm
Model 3 20 cm Model 2 15 cm
10. Herb Robert ( Geranium robertianum )
XfrogPlants
11.
German Chamomile
( Matricaria recutita )
Herb, annual Bloom : May-September Origin : Europe, Central Asia, Middle East Environment : Fields, fallows, wasteland, path sides; loamy, poor soil Climate : Temperate Notes :
Until today one of the most common medicinal plants is the German Chamomile. The whole plant, but primarily the flowers contain ethereal oils. Brewing the flowers produces a valuable substance – the anti-inflammatory chamazulen. Used as tea or as additive for bathing the leaves and the flowers exert a soothing influence.
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
XfrogPlants
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
XfrogPlants
Model 1 17 cm
Model 2 13 cm
11. German Chamomile ( Matricaria recutita )
Model 3 40 cm
12.
Field Poppy
( Papaver dubium )
Herb, annual Bloom : May-June Origin : Europe, Middle East Environment : Fields, wasteland, gravels;
dry, loamy, poor soil; sunny Climate : Temperate
Notes :
The Field Poppy contains a small amount of toxic alkaloids. For a long time it was impossible to distinguish this species from other Poppy species. Therefore it got the name “dubium”, the Latin word for “doubtful”. In contrast to the Corn Poppy (Papaver rhoeas) Field Poppy is not used as medicinal plant.
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
XfrogPlants
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
Model 1 52 cm
XfrogPlants
Model 2 50 cm Model 3 100 cm
12. Field Poppy ( Papaver dubium )
13.
Common Plantain
( Plantago maior )
Herb, perennial Bloom : June-October Origin : Europe, Northern Africa Environment : Path sides, wasteland, pasturelands; compressed, poor soil Climate : Large climate range Notes :
The Common Plantain prefers growing on soils, which are compressed by walking and it stands winter flooding. If the weather is humid, the seeds become congested – in this condition they stick to paws and shoes. Native Americans called it “footprint of the white man”, because the first settlers brought it all over the continent.
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
XfrogPlants
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
Model 1 5 cm
Model 3 8 cm
Model 2 10 cm
13. Common Plantain ( Plantago maior )
XfrogPlants
14.
Annual Blue Grass
( Poa annua )
Grass, annual Bloom : January-November Origin : Europe, Asia, Northern Africa, America, Australia Environment : Path sides, lawns; on fresh, loamy, rich soil Climate : Large climate range Notes :
The Annual Blue Grass is a real cosmopolitan plant – it grows from the coast to the high mountains. Further, it needs the shortest developing time of all grasses (less than 2 months) and is very useful on pasturelands. Around watering places it can prevent bogs with its fast growth. The weight of 1000 seeds is less than 0.3 g.
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
XfrogPlants
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
Model 1 7 cm
Model 3 10 cm
Model 2 5 cm
14. Annual Blue Grass ( Poa annua )
XfrogPlants
15.
Creeping Buttercup
( Ranunculus repens )
Herb, perennial Bloom : May-August Origin : Europe, Asia, Northern Africa Environment : Meadows, humid forests,
wasteland; moist, loamy rich soil
Climate : Temperate Notes :
The botanical genus name of the Creeping Buttercup points to the small, bent, green fruits (“ranunculus” means “small frog”). At shallow banks it sometimes reaches to the water and lives there immersed. Leaves of such individuals are longer and more narrow. Often hybrids with other similar species of Ranunculus are produced.
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
XfrogPlants
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
Model 1 28 cm
15. Creeping Buttercup ( Ranunculus repens )
Model 2 27 cm
Model 3 30 cm
XfrogPlants
16.
Garden Sorrel
( Rumex acetosa )
Herb, perennial Bloom : May-August Origin : Europe, Asia, North America Environment : Meadows, pasturelands, wasteland;
fresh, deep, wet loamy soil Climate : Temperate
Notes :
The Garden Sorrel contains vitamin C and is used as spice for many meals and as side dish for salad. Large amounts of it have detrimental effects because of its oxalic acid. In former times it was said that Sorrel brings a large number of children, if infertile women wear it on their left arm as amulet.
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
XfrogPlants
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
Model 1 21 cm
Model 2 26 cm
Model 3 36 cm
16. Garden Sorrel ( Rumex acetosa )
XfrogPlants
17.
Dandelion
( Taraxacum officinale )
Herb, perennial Bloom : April-October Origin : Europe, Asia, North America Environment : Meadows, woods, wasteland; on dry, sandy, loamy, rich soil Climate : Large climate range Notes :
The botanical genus name comes from the word “taraxis”, which means “inflammation of the eye”. It points the fact that this plant was used for eye diseases as long as anyone can remember. The seeds are important food for many birds and insects (nectar) and the flowers close during bad weather. It has well-known diuretic properties.
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
XfrogPlants
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
Model 1 2 cm
Model 3 22 cm
Model 2 20 cm
17. Dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale )
XfrogPlants
18.
White Clover
( Trifolium repens )
Herb, perennial Bloom : May-October Origin : Europe, Asia, Northwestern and Southern Africa, North America Environment : Meadows, pasturelands, path sides; on fresh, loamy, rich soil Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
The White Clover, the original Shamrock of Ireland, has very low demands on the soil and the climate. Its roots can reach a length of nearly 1 m and it is often used as fodder plant. White Clover and special Rhizobium bacterium form a symbiotic relationship. From the number of its leaves the botanical genus name was derived – “tria” means “three” and “folium” is the word for “leaves”.
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
XfrogPlants
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
Model 1 11 cm
Model 3 20 cm
Model 2 10 cm
18. White Clover ( Trifolium repens )
XfrogPlants
19.
Stinging Nettle
( Urtica dioica )
Herb, perennial Bloom : June-October Origin : Europe, Asia, America Environment : Path sides, wasteland, forests; on fresh, wet, rich soil Climate : Large climate range Notes :
The Stinging Nettle is very famous for its stinging hair, which are painful on skin because of its formic acid and an additional toxic substance. It is an important medicinal plant and used for rheumatism and arthritis. But it’s also appreciated as tea, for salads, and as main ingredient in the dressing for the “risotto con le ortiche”.
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
XfrogPlants
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
Model 1 110 cm
19. Stinging Nettle ( Urtica dioica )
Model 2 100 cm Model 3 82 cm
XfrogPlants
20.
Pansy
( Viola spec. )
Herb, perennial Bloom : April-June Origin : Europe, Asia, North America Environment : Forests, meadows, embankments; most soil; sunny to shady Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
The Pansy is one of the oldest medicinal plants and was used for epilepsy and headache in former times. An old legend tells about a Pansy, which had a tempting odor; everbody wanted to smell it while trampling on all grains around it; therefore the Pansy asked God to take away its sweet odor – since then it stopped smelling (Only wild growing species are fragrant).
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
XfrogPlants
EUROPEAN GROUNDCOVER
Model 3 10 cm
Model 1 12 cm Model 2 11 cm
20. Pansy ( Viola spec. )
XfrogPlants
XfrogPlants | Flowers 1
XfrogPlants FLOWERS 1 Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2046 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2014 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
01.
Flamingo Lily
FLOWERS 1
( Anthurium andraeanum )
Plant Bloom : May to September Origin : Colombia Environment : Tropical Climate : Warm and humid Notes :
The Flamingo Lily blooms from May until September in it’s native environment, and almost all year long in a greenhouse. It needs indirect but intense sunlight. It flowers only with high humidity. The sap of this plant may cause skin irritation.
Model 3 46 cm red
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 1
Model 2 40 cm red
Model 1 39 cm red
01. Flamingo Lily ( Anthurium andraeanum )
XfrogPlants
02.
Zebra Plant
( Aphelandra squarrosa )
Plant Bloom : Spring (greenhouse) Origin : Brazil Environment : Tropical Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
Appreciated for the big, shiny striped leaves. It rarely blooms in a home environment. It needs indirect but intense sunlight. It prefers high air humidity, and abundant watering (except in the Winter).
Model 3 62 cm yellow flower
FLOWERS 1
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 1
Model 2 66 cm yellow flower
Model 1 52.5 cm yellow flower
02. Zebra Plant ( Aphelandra squarrosa )
XfrogPlants
03.
Cornflower
FLOWERS 1
XfrogPlants
( Centaurea cyanus )
Plant Bloom : June - July Origin : Southeast of Europe (Romania, Armenia, Turkey) Environment : Caucasian mountain meadows, from 750 to 2,300 m. Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
Also known as Giant Knapweed or Bighead Knapweed. It has average water needs. The cornflower is a perennial mountain plant that reproduces by seeds; it needs to grow in full sunlight, on dry or moist loamy soil.
Model 4 31 cm blue flowers cluster
FLOWERS 1
Model 3 32 cm blue flowers Model 2 35 cm blue flowers
03. Cornflower ( Centaurea cyanus )
Model 1 32 cm blue flower
XfrogPlants
04.
Oxeye Daisy
( Chrysanthemum leucanthemum )
Plant Bloom : Early Spring to Autumn Origin : Europe Environment : Meadows, on any soil, dry or moist Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :
One of the many Daisy species, the Oxeye Daisy (also known as the Common Roadside Daisy) is a perennial plant that blooms every year since the second. The heaviest blooming is in early Spring, then on until Autumn. It is a very easy grower and competes well with grass on any soil. Of European origin, it is now naturalized in all the US and Canada.
Model 3 26 cm red flower
FLOWERS 1
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 1
Model 2 29 cm pink flower
04. Oxeye Daisy ( Chrysanthemum leucanthemum )
Model 1 29 cm white flower
XfrogPlants
05.
Cyclamen
( Cyclamen persicum )
Plant Bloom : December to early May Origin : Eastern and Southern Mediterranean Environment : Maquis, garigue, open scrubs, rocky hillsides, pines woodland, in full sunlight Climate : Warm, mild
Notes :
The Cyclamen is frost-intolerant and requires good watering during blooming, and little water in the summer. The petals are twisted and the floral faces are without lobes, so that the petals may look like if they are upside down. It grows from sea level up to 1,200 m.
Model 3 42.6 cm red flower
FLOWERS 1
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 1
XfrogPlants
Model 2 36 cm red-white flower
Model 1 39 cm white flower
05. Cyclamen ( Cyclamen persicum )
06.
Carnation
FLOWERS 1
( Dianthus hybridus )
Plant Bloom : Late Spring to Summer Origin : Europe, West Asia Environment : Meadows, in full or partial sunlight, on drained soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
Also known as Rainbow Loneliness, this plant is an old fashioned perennial recently rescued from extinction. The blooms have delicately fringed petals. The variety with pink flowers closely resembles the real Carnation.
Model 4 28 cm pink flower
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 1
Model 2 29 cm red flower
Model 3 27 cm yellow flower
06. Carnation ( Dianthus hybridus )
Model 1 28 cm yellow flower
XfrogPlants
07.
Meadows Cranebill
FLOWERS 1
XfrogPlants
( Geranium pratense )
Plant Bloom : July to September Origin : Europe Environment : Humid meadows, river sides, in full or partial sunlight Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
Also known as Hardy Geranium, the Meadows Cranebill is a hardy plant, which, once established, will self-seed freely, but may not always come true to colour. It is quite common to be found in Europe’s meadows.
Model 3 38 cm purple flower
FLOWERS 1
Model 2 23 cm purple flower
07. Meadows Cranebill ( Geranium pratense )
Model 1 50 cm purple flower
XfrogPlants
08.
Guzmania
( Guzmania lingulata )
Plant Bloom : End of Winter Origin : Tropical America Environment : Tropical, partial shade or partial sun, on moist acidic soil Climate : Warm and humid Notes :
Guzmania needs intense but indirect sunlight, and constantly high air humidity. It is intolerant of calcareous soils, and must not be watered with calcareous water. Although a humid environment native plant, it needs a well-drained soil.
Model 1 80 cm green leaves, red flowers
FLOWERS 1
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 1
Model 2 40 cm green leaves, red flowers
08. Guzmania ( Guzmania lingulata )
Model 3 40 cm green leaves, red flowers
XfrogPlants
09.
Sunflower
FLOWERS 1
( Helianthus annus )
Plant Bloom : Summer Origin : Southwest of USA Environment : On meadows and grasslands, in full sunlight Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
The Sunflower is an annual plant that blooms in the Summer. The large head produces hundreds of edible seeds and is heliotropic (it moves with the Sun, hence the name). Sunflowers are the only field crop native to North America. Cultivated by native Americans of the Southwest, the Sunflower was imported in Europe in 1510 as decorative plant, and only later cultivated for the seeds.
Model 1 80 cm yellow-orange flower
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 1
Model 2 72 cm yellow flower
09. Sunflower ( Helianthus annus )
Model 3 70 cm yellow flower
XfrogPlants
10.
Fire Bird
FLOWERS 1
( Heliconia stricta )
Plant Bloom : End of Winter (may vary) Origin : North of South America (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador,
Peru, Venezuela, Costa-Rica)
Environment : Tropical, in full sun or light shade, on moist drained soil Climate : Warm and humid Notes :
Also known as Lobsters Claw, the Fire Bird needs a constantly high air humidity and a warm temperature, like all other tropical plants. The beautiful evocative shape and colours make it a favourite for house decoration.
Model 3 59 cm red
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 1
Model 2 60 cm red
10. Fire Bird ( Heliconia stricta )
Model 1 55 cm red
XfrogPlants
11.
Dutch Iris
FLOWERS 1
( Iris xyphium )
Plant Bloom : Late Winter-Early Spring Origin : Western Mediterranean (from Spain to Italy) Environment : Meadows, in full sunlight Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
This Iris (called Dutch inappropriately since it is native of Spain) is a perennial plant with a small bulb that is planted in Autumn for a late Winter or early Spring blooming. A curiosity: the seeds of Iris, when toasted, can provide a coffee substitute.
Model 3 30 cm purple flower
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 1
Model 2 30 cm purple flower Model 1 32 cm purple flower
11. Dutch Iris ( Iris xyphium )
XfrogPlants
12.
Lily
FLOWERS 1
( Lilium hybridum )
Plant Bloom : Summer Origin : Asia Environment : meadows, in full but not intense sunlight, on drained soil Climate : mild, temperate Notes :
Lilies are amongst the most popular flowers. They grow well in a moderate sunlight and need a lot of watering during the blooming season, but the soil must be well drained to prevent water stagnation. Lilies grow better in a mild climate (18° to 22° C).
Model 1 55 cm yellow flower
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 1
Model 2 50 cm white flower Model 3 50 cm yellow flower
12. Lily ( Lilium hybridum )
XfrogPlants
13.
Geranium
FLOWERS 1
( Pelagonium grandiflorum )
Plant Bloom : Summer Origin : Southern Africa Environment : Meadows, on well-drained, dry soil Climate : Mild Notes :
Geranium is one of the gardener’s favourites, because it is a little demanding plant that can grow even on arid soils. Many cultivars have been produced of this very successful plant, often present on houses’ balconies. Some say that the scent of geraniums can keep mosquitos away.
Model 3 32 cm red flower
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 1
Model 1 36 cm red flower
Model 2 29 cm red flower
13. Geranium ( Pelagonium grandiflorum )
XfrogPlants
14.
Moth Orchid
FLOWERS 1
( Phalaenopsis amabilis )
Plant Bloom : All year Origin : Southeast of Asia (Philippines) Environment : In light shade, on a well-drained soil Climate : Warm and humid Notes :
The Moth Orchid is one of the most popular orchids for growing in the home, because it is possible to keep it in bloom almost all year round. It requires steady high humidity but care must be taken in not letting the roots stay in the water.
Model 3 70 cm violet flower
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 1
Model 2 53 cm white flower
14. Moth Orchid ( Phalaenopsis amabilis )
Model 1 72 cm white flower
XfrogPlants
15.
Creeping Cinquefoil
FLOWERS 1
( Potentilla reptans )
Plant Bloom : June to August Origin : Europe Environment : Meadows, up to 1.500 m. Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The Creeping Cinquefoil (also known as European Fivefinger Grass) is a very common meadows herbal plant in both native Europe and the US, where it was introduced and later naturalized. This plant has medical uses as mouthwash and against diarrhoea.
Model 3 23 cm yellow flower
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 1
Model 2 26 cm yellow flower
15. Creeping Cinquefoil ( Potentilla reptans )
Model 1 23 cm yellow flower
XfrogPlants
16.
Satsuki Azalea
FLOWERS 1
( Rhododendron indicum )
Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : Spring to Summer Origin : Japan Environment : Valley meadows, thickets, on moist, acidic soil Climate : Mild, temperate and humid Notes :
This small tree or shrub grows of preference in the shade of other species, or in partial sunlight. During blooming it prefers more light. Blooming lasts longer in cool climates. The Azaleae species need the soil to be always moist and the air to be humid.
Model 3 56 cm red flower
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 1
Model 2 52 cm red flower
Model 1 49 cm red flower
16. Satsuki Azalea ( Rhododendron indicum )
XfrogPlants
17.
Rose
FLOWERS 1
XfrogPlants
( Rosa spec. )
Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : Variable (Spring to Autumn) Origin : Northern hemisphere Environment : Hills and meadows, in full sunlight Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :
Roses are surely the most popular of all flowers. Being native to all the Northern hemisphere, many natural species exists, and literally thousands of cultivars have been produced by gardeners through the centuries. Roses are easily cultivated, they are fairly frost-resistant but they need full sunlight and rich, deep, well-drained soil.
Model 1 40 cm red flower
FLOWERS 1
Model 2 33 cm red-orange flower
17. Rose ( Rosa spec. )
Model 3 33 cm dark red flower
Model 4 35 cm red flower
XfrogPlants
18.
Bird Of Paradise
( Strelitzia reginae )
Plant Bloom : All year, intermittently Origin : Southern Africa Environment : Open places, in full sunlight Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
This tropical long-stemmed flower is well known for it’s typical bird-like appearance. It needs good watering especially during blooming. It starts blooming after 6 years of life. It is a favourite for house decoration.
Model 3 78 cm purple-orange
FLOWERS 1
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 1
Model 2 59 cm purple-orange Model 1 62 cm purple-orange
18. Bird Of Paradise ( Strelitzia reginae )
XfrogPlants
19.
Pansy
FLOWERS 1
( Viola wittrockiana )
Plant Bloom : Spring Origin : Europe Environment : Humid meadows, in full sunlight or light shade Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
Pansy is an annual (sometimes short-lived perennial) plant that is common on all European sunlit meadows where the soil is not too dry. It has been imported in the U.S. as ornamental plant.
Model 3 15 cm red flower
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 1
Model 2 16 cm yellow-black flower
Model 1 15 cm purple-white flower
19. Pansy ( Viola wittrockiana )
XfrogPlants
20.
Flaming Sword
FLOWERS 1
( Vriesea splendens )
Plant Bloom : Summer Origin : Brazil Environment : Tropical, in partial sunlight or
light shade, on consistently moist soil Climate : Warm and humid
Notes :
Flaming Sword is a perennial tropical plant that needs full but indirect sunlight, humid air, and humid soil. The leaves die after the blooming. The long-lasting, colourful blooming and the elegant leaves make them profitable as ornamentals in a house environment.
Model 1 60 cm red-yelllow
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 1
Model 2 58 cm red
20. Flaming Sword ( Vriesea splendens )
Model 3 60 cm yellow
XfrogPlants
XfrogPlants | Flowers 2
XfrogPlants FLOWERS 2 Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2014 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
21.
Bell Agapanthus
FLOWERS 2
( Agapanthus campanulatus )
Plant Bloom : Mid-late Summer Origin : South Africa Environment : Grassy and rocky places, at low altitudes Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
This species prefers a rich, light, well-drained soil. It requires plenty of moisture during the growing season but it needs to be kept dry in the winter. It only flowers freely when growing in a very sunny position. It seems to be immune to the predations of rabbits.
Model 3 40 cm purple flowers full open
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
Model 2 40 cm purple flowers part open
21. Bell Agapanthus ( Agapanthus campanulatus )
Model 1 30 cm purple flowers closed
XfrogPlants
22.
Poppy Anemone
( Anemone coronaria )
Plant Bloom : April - May Origin : Mediterranean Environment : Pastures and olive groves Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
A small but eye-catching plant, the Poppy Anemone (also called Windflower) is one of the first flowers to show up in early spring in the Mediterranean regions. The flowers open completely with the sunlight and close with the dark. The name Anemone comes from the ancient Greek word “anemos” (wind).
Model 4 20 cm violet flower open
FLOWERS 2
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
XfrogPlants
Model 1 20 cm violet flower half open
Model 5 20 cm white flower open
Model 3 20 cm red flower open
22. Poppy Anemone ( Anemone coronaria )
Model 2 25 cm white flower half open
23.
Delphinium
FLOWERS 2
( Delphinium elatum )
Plant Bloom : July - August Origin : Western Himalayas, Kashmir Environment : Grasslands, in full sunlight, on fertile, well-drained soils Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
Also known as Candle Larkspur or simply Larkspur, Delphinium is a tall plant, and one of the very few to naturally produce blue flowers. If cultivated in gardens, they need a lot of fertilizer. The name comes from the ancient Greek “delphinion” (dolphin), because of the shape of the nectary.
Model 1 60 cm purple flowers
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
Model 2 55 cm purple flowers
23. Delphinium ( Delphinium elatum )
Model 3 55 cm purple flowers
XfrogPlants
24.
Pompon Chrysanthemum
( Dedranthema morifolium )
Plant Bloom : September-October Origin : China Environment : Meadows, on any soil, dry or moist Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :
This is one of the many species of the Chrysantemum genus, which comes from two native areas: Mediterranean Europe and Asia (Japan, China). Two big categories exist: Grandiflora (big, full decorative flowers) and Multiflora (small flowers, with empty or half-full central part).
Model 6 40 cm red flower
FLOWERS 2
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
Model 1 35 cm white flower
24. Pompon Chrysanthemum ( Dedranthema morifolium )
Model 2 40 cm white flower cluster
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
Model 3 35 cm red flower Model 4 30 cm red flower
24. Pompon Chrysanthemum ( Dedranthema morifolium )
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
Model 5 30 cm white flower
24. Pompon Chrysanthemum ( Dedranthema morifolium )
Model 7 40 cm white flower
XfrogPlants
25.
Florist’s Chrysanthemum
( Dedranthema x grandiflorum )
Plant Bloom : Autumn Origin : Japan, China Environment : Valleys, hillsides, in bright shade, on moist soil Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
The Florist’s Chrysanthemum is a bushy plant that produces a dense flowering if set in an appropriate environment. The soil needs to be moist all the time, because this plant is drought-intolerant. Removing dead flowers heads helps to extend the flowering period.
Model 1 40 cm orange flower
FLOWERS 2
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
Model 2 40 cm white flower Model 3 40 cm yellow flower
25. Florist’s Chrysanthemum ( Dedranthema x grandiflorum )
XfrogPlants
26.
Sea Holly
FLOWERS 2
XfrogPlants
( Eryngium alpinum )
Plant Bloom : July - September Origin : Europe (Alps and Apennines) Environment : Meadows, in full sunlight, on calcareous soil Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
The soil on which Sea Holly grows can be dry to moist. In it’s natural environment (the Alps and Apennines) it is an endangered and therefore protected species. It is also one of the few natural blue-coloured flowers.
Model 1 45 cm purple flower cluster
FLOWERS 2
Model 3 40 cm purple flower single Model 2 40 cm purple flower
26. Sea Holly ( Eryngium alpinum )
XfrogPlants
27.
Scarlet Plume
FLOWERS 2
( Euphorbia fulgens )
Plant Bloom : February Origin : Mexico Environment : Tropical, in partial shade, on moist soil Climate : Warm and humid Notes :
The Scarlet Plume is a shrubby plant that grows in partial shade or partial sun. It thrives in a warm, humid atmosphere with good light. It does not tolerate over- or under-watering. When leaves are removed, or when the stem is cut, a white, sappy fluid is emitted.
Model 3 50 cm yellow flowers
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
Model 2 30 cm scarlet red flowers Model 1 60 cm scarlet red flowers
27. Scarlet Plume ( Euphorbia fulgens )
XfrogPlants
28.
Crown-of-Thorns
FLOWERS 2
( Euphorbia milii var. Splendens )
Plant Bloom : Winter Origin : Garden (a variety of the Madagascar plant) Environment : Sub-tropical, in full direct sunlight, on drained soil Climate : Warm and dry Notes :
The Euphorbia Splendens is a garden variety of the Crown-of-thorns (Euphorbia milii). The name comes from Euphorbius, an ancient Greek doctor who used the sap medicinally. The sap is poisonous and can be very irritating if touched. This plant loves the full direct sunlight, which makes the bloom last longer. It grows well in a dry warm environment.
Model 1 40 cm red flowers
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
Model 2 30 cm red flowers
28. Crown-of-Thorns ( Euphorbia milii var. Splendens )
Model 3 25 cm red flowers
XfrogPlants
29.
Poinsettia
( Euphorbia pulcherrima )
Plant Bloom : Winter Origin : Mexico Environment : Tropical, in partial shade, on moist soil Climate : Warm and humid Notes :
Poinsettia is very popular all around the world as a Christmas plant (in some countries, it is also called the equivalent of “Christmas Star”). It’s environmental conditions are similar to those good for Scarlet Plume. Additionally, Poinsettia is a “long-night” plant: it blooms only if kept in an environment where there are no less than 14 hours of darkness per day.
Model 1 30 cm red flowers big
FLOWERS 2
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
Model 2 20 cm red flowers small
29. Poinsettia ( Euphorbia pulcherrima )
Model 3 25 cm red flowers medium
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
XfrogPlants
Model 4 30 cm white flowers big
Model 5 20 cm white flowers small
29. Poinsettia ( Euphorbia pulcherrima )
30.
Lisianthus
( Eustoma grandiflorum )
Plant Bloom : Late Summer - Early Autumn Origin : USA (Colorado, Nebraska, Texas, New Mexico), Northern Mexico Environment : prairies, in full sun or partial shade, on well-drained soil Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
Also called Prairie Gentian or Texas Bluebell, Lisianthus bears large, single or double flowers. It needs adequate watering but does not tolerate over-watering.
Model 1 50 cm purple flowers open
FLOWERS 2
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
Model 2 50 cm purple flowers half open
30. Lisianthus ( Eustoma grandiflorum )
Model 3 45 cm purple flowers closed
XfrogPlants
31.
Freesia
FLOWERS 2
( Freesia ssp. )
Plant Bloom : Winter Origin : South Africa Environment : Sub-tropical, in full sunlight, with cool night temperatures Climate : Warm Notes :
Freesia can grow outdoors only in warm climates with dry Summers and moist Winters. They are very delicate and easily damaged by the elements, so people often grow them in containers. It needs constant watering during development and blooming, and little water after blooming.
Model 1 30 cm “blue heaven” flowers part open
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
Model 3 30 cm yellow flowers part open
Model 2 30 cm “blue heaven” flowers full open
31. Freesia ( Freesia ssp. )
Model 4 30 cm yellow flowers full open
XfrogPlants
32.
Gerbera
FLOWERS 2
( Gerbera jamesonii )
Plant Bloom : Spring to Autumn Origin : South Africa Environment : Sub-tropical, in full sunlight or partial shade Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
Also known as African Daisy or Transvaal Daisy. A large number of garden varieties in all colours exist. Having a long vase life, Gerberae are widely used in the cut flower industry. This plant is frost-intolerant so it should not be grown in environments where the temperature falls below +5° C. Rich blooming happens only in a full sunlight position.
Model 3 40 cm yellow flower
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
Model 2 40 cm red flower
32. Gerbera ( Gerbera jamesonii )
Model 1 40 cm orange flower
XfrogPlants
33.
Gladiolus
( Gladiolus communis )
Plant Bloom : April-July Origin : Mediterranean (Spain, Italy, Greece, Northern Africa) Environment : Underwood, grasslands, on well-drained, sandy loamy soil Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
The Gladiolus grows from an underground bulb and can reach the height of 50 cm. Gladiolus is a Latin word which means “small sword” and refers to the shape of the leaves. This also explains why the Gladiolus is sometimes called “Sword Lily”.
Model 1 55 cm pink-red flowers part open
FLOWERS 2
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
Model 2 40 cm pink-red flowers full open
33. Gladiolus ( Gladiolus communis )
Model 3 40 cm pink-red flowers part open
XfrogPlants
34.
Amaryllis
( Hippeastrum ssp. )
Plant Bloom : December - May Origin : South Africa Environment : Full sunlight, on sandy neutral soil Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
Amaryllis can grow outdoors only in a warm climate. They grow from an underground bulb. Blooming: outdoors, from December until May. Indoors, it can be force to bloom anytime of the year. It needs good watering when blooming, and little watering after. All parts of plant are poisonous if eaten.
Model 3 50 cm red flowers full open
FLOWERS 2
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
Model 2 50 cm red flowers half open
34. Amaryllis ( Hippeastrum ssp. )
Model 1 50 cm red flowers closed
XfrogPlants
35.
Hyacinth
( Hyacinthus orientalis )
Plant Bloom : Spring Origin : Southern Europe, Western Asia (Turkey) Environment : Full sunlight, on well-drained, sandy soil Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
The Hyacinth is a bulbous plant that is very popular because of the very intense scent and the fact that they are very easy to bring into blooming. The bulbs often bloom again in the following years, although usually with smaller flowers. The Hyacinth was a very popular flower also in the ancient Greek and Roman ages.
Model 3 30 cm purple flowers part open
FLOWERS 2
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
Model 2 30 cm purple flowers part open
35. Hyacinth ( Hyacinthus orientalis )
Model 1 30 cm purple flowers full open
XfrogPlants
36.
Nodding Pincushion
( Leucospermum nutans )
Plant Bloom : August-January Origin : South Africa Environment : Full sunlight, on moist, acidic sandy soil, from 30 to 500 m Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
The Nodding Pincushion is a rounded shrub approx. 2 m. wide. In their natural environment the seeds are collected by ants, stored in the soil, and germinate only after a fire has killed the mature plants and returned the nutrients back to the soil. The pollination happens thanks to birds and beetles.
Model 1 50 cm pink flower
FLOWERS 2
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
Model 2 20 cm red flower
36. Nodding Pincushion ( Leucospermum nutans )
Model 3 50 cm red flower single
XfrogPlants
37.
Blazing Star
( Liatris spicata )
Plant Bloom : Mid-Late Summer Origin : East of North America (from Canada to Florida) Environment : Prairies, in full sunlight, on drained soil Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
Perennial plant, also known as “Spike Gayfeather” or “March Blazing Star”. The stems of Blazing Star rise from a tuberous rootstock. It needs average water. It is a slow grower, but it’s very hardy once established.
Model 3 28 cm purple flower top open
FLOWERS 2
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
Model 2 28 cm purple flower part open
37. Blazing Star ( Liatris spicata )
Model 1 28 cm purple flower full open
XfrogPlants
38.
Pink Tiger Lily
FLOWERS 2
( Lilium lancifolium )
Plant Bloom : July - August Origin : Japan, China Environment : On moist soil, in partial shade Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
The Pink Tiger Lily is a very old hybrid from Japan / China. Tiger Lily is one of the favourite Lilies for house decoration because of the beautiful blooms in many shape and colour variations (we have built the pink one). It grows well on most soils and is very hardy. The name refers to the maroon dots on the flowers, similar to the skin of tigers.
Model 4 45 cm white-pink-red flowers part open
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
Model 2 40 cm white-pink-red flowers full open
Model 3 35 cm white-pink-red flowers part open
38. Pink Tiger Lily ( Lilium lancifolium )
Model 1 35 cm white-pink-red flowers full open
XfrogPlants
39.
Gooseneck Loosestrife
( Lysimachia clethroides )
Plant Bloom : Mid-Late Summer Origin : China, Korea, Japan Environment : Grassy hills, in full sun or partial shade, on moist, fertile soil Climate : Mild Notes :
The plant’s common name refers to the curiously curved spikes of the flowers which appear in mid- to late summer. The Gooseneck Loosestrife grows fast, and even faster with abundant water.
Model 1 45 cm purple flower full open
FLOWERS 2
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
Model 2 45 cm purple flower part open
39. Gooseneck Loosestrife ( Lysimachia clethroides )
Model 3 45 cm purple flower full open
XfrogPlants
40.
King Protea
( Prothea cynarioides )
Plant Bloom : Late Summer-Fall Origin : South Africa Environment : Sub-tropical coastal chaparral, on well-drained soil Climate : Warm or mild, dry Notes :
Also known as Giant Protea, the King Protea is the national flower of South Africa. The artichoke-like appearance of the flower-heads of the King Protea lead to the specific name ‘cynaroides’, which means ‘like cynara’ (the artichoke). It is said that Protea leaves can also be used to make a tea.
Model 3 40 cm pink flower full open
FLOWERS 2
XfrogPlants
FLOWERS 2
Model 2 40 cm pink flower half open
40. King Protea ( Prothea cynarioides )
Model 1 40 cm pink flower closed
XfrogPlants
XfrogPlants | Flowers 3
Snapdragon
Crocus
XfrogPlants | Flowers 3 Contents : 180 3D Models in: Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, .3DS PRGR 9XH RU 0LFUR6WDWLRQ formats 180 1600 x 1600, Billboard Renders 180 1600 x 1600, Perspective Renders
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Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures, are copyright: © 2001 - 2010 Xfrog Inc Tel. 310 933 5949 Support3@xfrog.com All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business. If you wish to further distribute the content, e.g. models, textures, or derivative models, or model parts, inside a game title; or use the library in any multi-user context; please contact us for distribution licensing.
XfrogPlants Development : Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Rendering
Peter Fantke: Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
41. Snapdragon ( Antirrhinum sp. )
FLOWERS 3
xfrogplants
Herbaceous plant, annual or perennial Height : up to 80 cm. Origin : Mediterranean Environment : steep hillsides, on rocky soils; in full sun Climate : warm and dry Notes :
Antirrhinum is a genus of herbaceous plants that grows on rocky and steep soils in the Mediterranean region. It can also be found growing on walls, always in full sunlight. The various species of Antirrhinum (more than 40) can be annual or perennial. Some of them have highly decorative flowers, especially Antirrhinum maius, which is often grown in nurseries for the flower shops. The Latin name of the genus hints at the nose-like shape of the flowers. The English common name is because the petals when pressed with fingers do open and let someone think of dragon jaws. For the same reason, the plant is called Bocca di Leone (Lion’s mouth) in Italian.
Variation 4 114.4 cm
Variation 9 106 cm
Variation 8 97.7 cm
Variation 7 113.8 cm
Variation 6 144.8 cm
41. Snapdragon
FLOWERS 3
( Antirrhinum sp. )
xfrogplants
Variation 5 141.7 cm
Variation 3 103.6 cm
Variation 2 108.1 cm
Variation 1 93.5 cm
41. Snapdragon
FLOWERS 3
( Antirrhinum sp. )
xfrogplants
42. Coxcomb ( Celosia sp. )
FLOWERS 3
xfrogplants
Plant, annual Height : up to 15 cm. Origin : Africa Environment : everywhere, in Tropical regions Climate : warm and humid Notes :
Celosia is a small genus of ornamental annual plants. They are of African origin, but now diffused worldwide. They are also food stuff in some places, like Indonesia and India, where they are grown for the edible foliage which, reportedly, tastes somehow like spinach. But mostly they are grown for decorative purpose, due to the brilliant colour of the flowers (the scientific name comes from Ancient Greek, where it used to mean “burning”). They grow very easily everywhere, and for this reason, they have now started to be considered as a farm crop option in those regions of the world where climate prevents most common crops from growing. Coxcombs have also curative properties against intestinal worms and mouth sores.
Variation 1 57 cm
Variation 9 45 cm
Variation 8 43 cm
Variation 7 49.7 cm
Variation 6 47.9 cm
42. Coxcomb
FLOWERS 3
( Celosia sp. )
xfrogplants
Variation 5 50 cm
Variation 4 50.4 cm
Variation 3 53.7 cm
Variation 2 60.5 cm
42. Coxcomb
FLOWERS 3
( Celosia sp. )
xfrogplants
43. Crocus ( Crocus sp. )
FLOWERS 3
xfrogplants
Herbaceous plant, perennial Height : up to 30 cm. Origin : Mediterranean Environment : hillsides, in full sun, on neutral or calcareous well-drained soils Climate : temperate
Notes :
The Crocus genus is much varied, with a wide range of different species. The name comes from Ancient Greek Krokos which means “fabric thread”; it hints at the long stigmas of the flowers. Crocus is a bulbous geophyte plant. Bulbous geophytes are herbaceous perennial plants which carry the new growth buds underground inside a bulb. The only leaves are basal, i.e. they are generated directly from the bulb. Crocus flowers are much diffused on the hillsides and subalpine meadows of Southern Europe.
Variation 3 15 cm
Variation 9 20 cm
Variation 8 17.5 cm
Variation 7 24.5 cm
Variation 6 23 cm
43. Crocus
FLOWERS 3
( Crocus sp. )
xfrogplants
Variation 5 22.5 cm
Variation 4 21.8 cm
Variation 2 14 cm
Variation 1 13.5 cm
43. Crocus
FLOWERS 3
( Crocus sp. )
xfrogplants
44. Dahlia ( Dahlia dahlia )
FLOWERS 3
xfrogplants
Plant, perennial Height : up to 1 m., sometimes more Origin : Mexico, Central America, Colombia Environment : meadows, in full sun or partial shade; on deep, rich soils Climate : temperate, warm
Notes :
Dahlia is a genus of bushy perennial plants. There are 36 species of Dahlias, some of them are garden cultivars grown for the sale of the flowers. The Aztecs used to cultivate Dahlias for food. Dahlias are the national flowers of Mexico. They were imported to Europe as early as the 17th century, but only started to be mass-cultivated by commercial plant breeders since the 19th century. The name Dahlia comes from the 18th-century Swedish botanist Anders Dahl.
Variation 8 44.7 cm
Variation 9 45 cm
Variation 7 48.2 cm
Variation 6 56.2 cm
Variation 5 63.4 cm
44. Dahlia
FLOWERS 3
( Dahlia dahlia )
xfrogplants
Variation 4 57.5 cm
Variation 3 56.6 cm
Variation 2 59.8 cm
Variation 1 46 cm
44. Dahlia
FLOWERS 3
( Dahlia dahlia )
xfrogplants
45. Gardenia ( Gardenia sp. )
FLOWERS 3
xfrogplants
Shrub/Small tree, evergreen broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 3 m in cultivation (up to 20 m wild) Origin : Africa, Southern Asia, Oceania Environment : in open shade; on well-drained acidic soils Climate : warm and humid Notes :
Gardenias were named by Linnaeus after Dr. Alexander Garden, a Scottish-born American naturalist. They are evergreen shrubs, sometimes growing as small trees, which thrive in warm and humid climates, and in bright environments, but not under direct sunlight. They are prized for the beautiful and strongly scented flowers. They are difficult to grow in temperate regions because they require a climate that is similar to their native Tropical environment. In Japan and China the Gardenia jasminoides species is cultivated for production of a yellow die that is used for clothes and food. Gardenia is the national flower of Pakistan.
Variation 8 66.5 cm
Variation 9 46.1 cm
Variation 7 65.3 cm
Variation 6 48.5 cm
Variation 5 47.5 cm
45. Gardenia
FLOWERS 3
( Gardenia sp. )
xfrogplants
Variation 4 58.3 cm
Variation 3 40.4 cm
Variation 2 38.3 cm
Variation 1 33.5 cm
45. Gardenia
FLOWERS 3
( Gardenia sp. )
xfrogplants
46. Spider Gerbera ( Gerbera sp. )
FLOWERS 3
xfrogplants
Herbaceous plant, perennial Height : up to 60 cm. Origin : Africa, Asia, Southern America Environment : in partial sun; on well-drained soil Climate : temperate; dry Notes :
Gerberas are bushy plants that are diffused all over the world. They are much appreciated for the decorative shape and colours of their flowers. It was named after German naturalist Traugott Gerber, a friend of Linnaeus. They are easy to grow but require a well-drained soil, since they do not tolerate water stagnation. For this reason, they must be watered with moderation. Gerberas tolerate well winter temperatures as long as they are kept in a dry place. Below the 13°C temperature, they lose all aerial parts (leaves and flowers), to produce them again when Springtime comes.
Variation 2 56.4 cm
Variation 9 53.7 cm
Variation 8 51 cm
Variation 7 51 cm
Variation 6 59.6 cm
46. Spider Gerbera ( Gerbera sp. )
FLOWERS 3 xfrogplants
Variation 5 36 cm
Variation 4 41.4 cm
Variation 3 61.5 cm
Variation 1 53 cm
46. Spider Gerbera ( Gerbera sp. )
FLOWERS 3 xfrogplants
47. Hibiscus ( Hibiscus sp. )
FLOWERS 3
xfrogplants
Shrub, deciduous broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 2 m., sometimes more Origin : Asia Environment : hill and river sides; in full sun; on any soil Climate : temperate Notes :
Hibiscus is a genus of small shrubs that includes over 300 species. They are native of the temperate areas of Asia, but today they are diffused all over the world, thanks to their rustic character and ability to grow even in difficult conditions and to survive draught. In native habitats, Hibiscus often grow in large colonies along the river sides, in thickets, or near swamps. During the cold season they lose all their aerial parts, which grow again in the following Springtime. All parts of the Hibiscus are useful for medication purposes, especially for curing the liver. From the dried flowers a hot drink is made, the Karkade. Hibiscus is the national flower of Korea.
Variation 3 149 cm
Variation 9 138 cm
Variation 8 167 cm
Variation 7 115 cm
Variation 6 192 cm
47. Hibiscus
FLOWERS 3
( Hibiscus sp. )
xfrogplants
Variation 5 156 cm
Variation 4 157 cm
Variation 2 152 cm
Variation 1 133 cm
47. Hibiscus
FLOWERS 3
( Hibiscus sp. )
xfrogplants
48. Hortensia ( Hydrangea sp. )
FLOWERS 3
xfrogplants
Shrub/Small tree, deciduous/evergreen broadleaf, broad spreading
Height : up to 3 m. sometimes higher Origin : South-Eastern Asia, Americas Environment : in shade; on fresh humid soil Climate : temperate Notes :
Hydrangea (commonly called Hortensia) is a genus of shrubs and small trees native for most part of Southern and Eastern Asia, but there are also some native American species. They can be either deciduous or evergreen, but the most cultivated species that are used for decoration are deciduous. They flower all year long except in Winter. Usually their flowers are arranged in large round flower heads. In some species the nature of the soil can influence the colour of the flowers: on acidic soil, the flowers grow blue; on neutral soil, they grow off-white; and on alkaline soils the flowers turn pink or purple. Hortensias are moderately toxic if eaten, but in Japan and Korea, some species are used to produce a sweet tea.
Variation 2 31.4 cm
Variation 9 61.2 cm
Variation 8 112.5 cm
Variation 7 100.6 cm
Variation 6 97.7 cm
48. Hortensia
FLOWERS 3
( Hydrangea sp. )
xfrogplants
Variation 5 80.8 cm
Variation 4 69 cm
Variation 3 32 cm
Variation 1 29.3 cm
48. Hortensia
FLOWERS 3
( Hydrangea sp. )
xfrogplants
49. Lotus ( Nelumbo sp. )
FLOWERS 3
xfrogplants
Plant, aquatic Height : up to 30 cm. Origin : China, Southeast Asia Environment : hillsides, open woodland Climate : warm and humid Notes :
Nelumbo is a genus of aquatic plants with a large showy flower known as Lotus. There are only two living species in the genus. Lotus are remarkable plants in that they have thermoregulation ability, i.e. they regulate their temperature in order to attract the insects they need for reproduction. When the plant flowers, the blossoms are heated to above 30°C for as long as four days, even when the air is as cool as 10°C. The heat releases an aroma that attracts the insects, that obtain both pollen and a cosy environment to mate and to prepare for flight. Curiously, the closest living genetic relatives to the Lotus plants are the Plane trees!
Variation 6 91.2 cm
Variation 9 87.7 cm
Variation 8 84.5 cm
Variation 7 88.7 cm
Variation 5 79.9 cm
49. Lotus
FLOWERS 3
( Nelumbo sp. )
xfrogplants
Variation 4 93.6 cm
Variation 3 89.3 cm
Variation 2 82.5 cm
Variation 1 80.5 cm
49. Lotus
FLOWERS 3
( Nelumbo sp. )
xfrogplants
50. Orchid ( Phalaenopsis sp. )
FLOWERS 3
xfrogplants
Herbaceous Plant, perennial Height : up to 50 cm. Origin : world wide Environment : humid places, over trunks or rocks Climate : warm and humid Notes :
Most Orchids grow in tropical or subtropical areas. Only 15% of them grows natively in temperate climate areas. The tropical species of Orchids often have fleshy aerial roots equipped with a radical veil that allows them to capture the humidity in the air. Mediterranean Orchids instead are earthly species with underground roots. Although Orchids feature sophisticated strategies to ensure pollination by pronubal insects, their reproduction can happen in both sexual and asexual ways. Orchids can adapt to most environments, except for glaciers and deserts. Several Orchid species are saprophyte (they take nutrients from decaying organisms).
Variation 1 100 cm
Variation 9 92 cm
Variation 8 49 cm
Variation 7 81 cm
Variation 6 87 cm
50. Orchid
FLOWERS 3
( Phalaenopsis sp. )
xfrogplants
Variation 5 83 cm
Variation 4 124 cm
Variation 3 114 cm
Variation 2 121 cm
50. Orchid
FLOWERS 3
( Phalaenopsis sp. )
xfrogplants
51. Peony ( Paeonia sp. )
FLOWERS 3
xfrogplants
Herbaceous Plant, perennial / Shrub deciduous broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 1 m. (up to 2 m. when in shrubby form) Origin : Europe, Asia Environment : in full sun or half shade;
on rich, neutral or slightly acidic soil Climate : temperate
Notes :
The Peony genus includes species native of Europe and other species native of Asia. The European species are herbaceous plants of perennial type, while the Asian species are woody shrubs. The shrubby species are rustic and can endure summer drought. However, they must be pruned carefully; an incautious pruning would cause the absence of flowering in the following springtime, or even the death of the plant. Multiplication is usually performed by implants, because seeding requires much care and time to be successful. In China Peonia is called “the queen of the flowers”. They were protected by the emperors, and they also became the main ornamental motif of Ching and Ming ceramics.
Variation 9 22 cm
Variation 8 29 cm
Variation 7 27 cm
Variation 6 34 cm
Variation 5 26 cm
51. Peony
FLOWERS 3
( Paeonia sp. )
xfrogplants
Variation 4 24 cm
Variation 3 18 cm
Variation 2 21 cm
Variation 1 17 cm
51. Peony
FLOWERS 3
( Paeonia sp. )
xfrogplants
52. Passionflower ( Passiflora sp. )
FLOWERS 3
Herbaceous plant, annual or perennial / Shrub/Small tree Height : up to 5-6 m. in tree-like form Origin : Central and Southern America Environment : in bright shade; on fresh, deep soils Climate : warm, moderately humid; frost-intolerant Notes :
The Passion Flower is a genus that encompasses many widely different species, from herbaceous plants, to creeping/ climbing shrubs, to small trees. Most of the species are of Tropical origin and nature, and therefore can not be planted outdoors in temperate regions. There are a few species, however, that are rustic and can tolerate the cold of winter, if not extreme. The name of Passion Flower was given by the Jesuit missionaries in 1610, because of the resemblance they seemed to find between parts or the flower and the religious symbols of the Passion of Christ. The plant has sedative properties, which were already known to the Aztecs.
Variation 4 124 cm
xfrogplants
Variation 9 23 cm
Variation 8 101 cm
Variation 7 102 cm
Variation 6 120 cm
52. Passionflower ( Passiflora sp. )
FLOWERS 3 xfrogplants
Variation 5 123 cm
Variation 3 110 cm
Variation 2 95 cm
Variation 1 85 cm
52. Passionflower ( Passiflora sp. )
FLOWERS 3 xfrogplants
53. Buttercup ( Ranunculus sp. )
FLOWERS 3
Herbaceous plant, annual/perennial Height : up to 1 m. Origin : Asia Environment : humid places, swamps; in the shade;
on slightly acidic soils Climate : temperate, cold
Notes :
Ranunculus (Buttercup) is a wide genus of flowering plants (600 species) native of temperate and cold areas of Asia. Buttercup was soon exported, however, and it was already well known in Europe in the ancient times, so much that Latin writer Apuleius called it The Wicked Herb because of the toxic properties. The Latin name Ranunculus means “small frog”, but it was the Greeks who first baptized the plant hinting at the frogs, by calling it Batrachion. The reason is that Buttercup loves the shade and the humid places near stagnant waters, just like frogs do! The plant and flower are toxic for both humans and animals, causing (amongst other things) skin ulceration.
Variation 4 50 cm
xfrogplants
Variation 9 55 cm
Variation 8 52 cm
Variation 7 42 cm
Variation 6 41 cm
53. Buttercup
FLOWERS 3
( Ranunculus sp. )
xfrogplants
Variation 5 38 cm
Variation 3 45 cm
Variation 2 52 cm
Variation 1 47 cm
53. Buttercup
FLOWERS 3
( Ranunculus sp. )
xfrogplants
54. African Violet ( Saintpaulia sp. )
FLOWERS 3
xfrogplants
Plant, perennial Height : up to 1 m (smaller when growing in apartment) Origin : Africa (Tanzania) Environment : in bright shade; on dry, well-drained soil Climate : warm, dry Notes :
The Saintpaulia is also known as African Violet, but it has no genetic relation with the Common Violet flower. They grow forming a round crown of leaves. Saintpaulias are rustic plants who grow easily. It is however of primary importance to avoid any water stagnation at the roots. For this reason, the plant must be watered sparsely, and preferably from the bottom of the vase, so that the plant can choose by itself how much water it needs. Not only the roots are delicate, but the leaves also: if wet with water, they get stained, and may also rotten. In temperate areas, Saintpaulias can only live indoors.
Variation 9 22.8 cm
Variation 8 17 cm
Variation 7 15 cm
Variation 6 13 cm
Variation 5 14.5 cm
54. African Violet
FLOWERS 3
( Saintpaulia sp. )
xfrogplants
Variation 4 12.8 cm
Variation 3 10.5 cm
Variation 2 10 cm
Variation 1 9.5 cm
54. African Violet
FLOWERS 3
( Saintpaulia sp. )
xfrogplants
55. Peace Lily ( Spathiphyllum sp. )
FLOWERS 3
xfrogplants
Plant, perennial Height : up to 60 cm. Origin : Southern America (Panama, Colombia, Venezue-
la, Ecuador)
Environment : in the shade; on well-drained soils Climate : warm and humid Notes :
Peace Lilies are tropical plants, that require tropical conditions to grow: shady position, warm temperature, high humidity, well-drained soils to avoid water damage to the roots and the leaves. It is used as potted ornamental in the apartments; it however requires good care to keep healthy. A peculiar characteristic of Peace Lilies is their complete lack of a stem: the leaves grow directly from the subterranean rizoma.
Variation 1 80 cm
Variation 9 162 cm
Variation 8 150 cm
Variation 7 135 cm
Variation 6 125 cm
55. Peace Lily
FLOWERS 3
( Spathiphyllum sp. )
xfrogplants
Variation 5 100 cm
Variation 4 86 cm
Variation 3 110 cm
Variation 2 90 cm
55. Peace Lily
FLOWERS 3
( Spathiphyllum sp. )
xfrogplants
56. Bat Flower ( Tacca sp. )
FLOWERS 3
xfrogplants
Plant, perennial Height : up to 1 m. Origin : Africa, Australia, South-Eastern Asia Environment : in the shade; on well-drained soils Climate : warm and humid Notes :
Tacca is a genus of 10 flowering species of plants. Several of these species are cultivated as ornamentals. The two most popular species are Tacca chantrieri (known as Black Bat Flower or Cat’s Whiskers) and Tacca integrifolia (White Bat Flower). Like many other tropical plants, the Bat Flower also requires to grow in the shade, in a warm environment with high air humidity and low ground humidity. The aspect of the flowers is striking and quite peculiar, but the species is also appreciated for the showy green leaves.
Variation 3 95 cm
Variation 9 135 cm
Variation 8 123 cm
Variation 7 116 cm
Variation 6 93 cm
56. Bat Flower ( Tacca sp. )
FLOWERS 3 xfrogplants
Variation 5 94 cm
Variation 4 97 cm
Variation 2 112 cm
Variation 1 80 cm
56. Bat Flower ( Tacca sp. )
FLOWERS 3 xfrogplants
57. Marigold ( Tagetes sp. )
FLOWERS 3
xfrogplants
Herbaceous plant, annual/perennial Height : up to 2 m. Origin : South-Western USA, Mexico,
Central and Southern America Environment : on well-drained sandy soils Climate : hot, warm
Notes :
The common name Marigold is apparently related to the Virgin Mary in Christian stories (Mary’s Gold). In the prehispanic Mexican culture the Marigold has cultural meaning as the flower of the dead. Marigold today has economical importance as twin cultivation along side with tomato, eggplant, and other cultivations, because it’s presence is a deterrent for some common insect pests. Marigold is also use for extraction of essential oil for perfume industry, and also as food flavourant and colourant.
Variation 4 7.9 cm
Variation 9 24 cm
Variation 8 24 cm
Variation 7 10 cm
Variation 6 9 cm
57. Marigold
FLOWERS 3
( Tagetes sp. )
xfrogplants
Variation 5 7 cm
Variation 3 8.5 cm
Variation 2 8.5 cm
Variation 1 7 cm
57. Marigold
FLOWERS 3
( Tagetes sp. )
xfrogplants
58. Tulip ( Tulipa sp. )
FLOWERS 3
xfrogplants
Plant, perennial Height : up to 70 cm. Origin : Mediterranean, Asia Environment : in full sun; on well-drained soil Climate : temperate Notes :
Tulips natively appear on mountainous regions with temperate climates, and need a period of cool dormancy. They do best in climate with cool long springs and early summers. Bulbs are planted in late Summer or early Autumn. Holland is today’s main producer of commercially sold plants, but the cultivation of the Tulips started a long time ago in the Middle East. Tulips arrived late in the USA, presumably around the half of XIX Century. Over the years gardeners have created many cultivar variations on the Tulips, inventing new and exciting colour patterns.
Variation 9 53.7 cm
Variation 8 55.6 cm
Variation 7 53 cm
Variation 6 45 cm
Variation 5 56.8 cm
58. Tulip
FLOWERS 3
( Tulipa sp. )
xfrogplants
Variation 4 41.7 cm
Variation 3 50.6 cm
Variation 2 40 cm
Variation 1 38 cm
58. Tulip
FLOWERS 3
( Tulipa sp. )
xfrogplants
59. Calla Lily ( Zantedeschia sp. )
FLOWERS 3
xfrogplants
Plant, perennial evergreen Height : up to 1 m, sometimes more Origin : Africa Environment : near waters; in full sun or partial shade;
on rich, humid soil Climate : warm, mild
Notes :
The Calla Lily is an African species that grows in the South of the continent. It was scientifically named after the Italian botanist Giovanni Zantedeschi. The common name Calla comes from Ancient Greek kalòs (beautiful), and looking at the flowers it is easy to understand why that name. The leaves of Calla Lily are basal (they grow directly from the underground bulb), and are part of the charm of the plant. In the language of flowers, the Calla Lily stands for Beauty and Instability. Due to the slender, neat and curvy shape, Calla Lily had a big aesthetic success in the early 20th century, when it became the symbolic flower of the Liberty Style.
Variation 3 85 cm
Variation 9 90 cm
Variation 8 113 cm
Variation 7 60 cm
Variation 6 72 cm
59. Calla Lily
FLOWERS 3
( Zantedeschia sp. )
xfrogplants
Variation 5 77 cm
Variation 4 78 cm
Variation 2 80 cm
Variation 1 61 cm
59. Calla Lily
FLOWERS 3
( Zantedeschia sp. )
xfrogplants
60. Ginger ( Zingiber officinale )
FLOWERS 3
xfrogplants
Herbaceous plant, perennial Height : up to 65 cm. Origin : Eastern Asia Environment : in bright shade or partial sunlight; on well-
drained soils Climate : warm
Notes :
Ginger is largely cultivated through all the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is however native of Eastern Asia. Ginger is a very well known plant for the food and medication uses of it’s root. It is one of the main spices in today’s kitchen. It is also used as flavouring for drinks. It’s anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties are well appreciated for medications as well. What Ginger is less known for, it’s the flowers. And yet, it is one of the most beautiful and colourful in the whole realm of flowers. The Ginger is cold-intolerant (the minimum night temperature it can stand is 15°C) and therefore in temperate regions it is strictly an indoors plant.
Variation 1 125 cm
Variation 9 207 cm
Variation 8 195 cm
Variation 7 180 cm
Variation 6 170 cm
60. Ginger
FLOWERS 3
( Zingiber officinale )
xfrogplants
Variation 5 155 cm
Variation 4 147 cm
Variation 3 140 cm
Variation 2 133 cm
60. Ginger
FLOWERS 3
( Zingiber officinale )
xfrogplants
XfrogPlants | Fruit
XfrogPlants FRUIT Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2014 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
01.
Papaya
FRUIT
( Carica papaya )
Plant Origin : Tropical regions of South America Environment : Tropical forests Climate : Warm
Notes :
The Papaya is a plant with a long stem that resembles a trunk. The stem in fact does not branch: it produces a thick spreading cluster of leaves at the top. The leaves are similar to those of the fig tree (hence the Latin name “Carica”). The green edible fruits turn orange when ripe. Unripe, they can be cooked as vegetables.
Adult 8m
XfrogPlants
FRUIT
Medium 5m
Young 3m
01. Papaya Tree ( Carica papaya )
XfrogPlants
02.
Mexican Lime
FRUIT
( Citrus aurantifolia )
Tree/Shrub, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Asia (India, Himalayas) Environment : Tropical, in warm valleys from sea level to 4,000 m. Climate : Hot, warm Notes :
The Mexican Lime is an Asian species that was imported by the Arabs in the Middle East in ancient ages, and from there in Europe by the Crusaders. Later, Spanish exported it to the Americas. It is widely cultivated for the fruits that are used for drinks and to season fish. It can only grow in tropical or subtropical climates.
Adult 4.5 m
XfrogPlants
FRUIT
Medium 2.5 m Young 1m
02. Mexican Lime ( Citrus aurantifolia )
XfrogPlants
03.
Lemon Tree
FRUIT
( Citrus limon )
Tree/Shrub, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central Asia Environment : Sunny valleys Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
Imported in Europe by the Arabs, in the Middle Ages, the Lemon Tree grows best in warm climates but can also adapt to cooler climates if protected from cold winds and frost. It became wild in the Mediterranean, but it is cultivated everywhere because of the fruits (rich with C Vitamin) that are used for drinks and flavouring.
Adult 6.5 m
XfrogPlants
FRUIT
Medium 3m
Young 1.5 m
03. Lemon ( Citrus limon )
XfrogPlants
04.
Grapefruit Tree
FRUIT
( Citrus paradisi )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Malay archipelago Environment : Sunny fields, up to 500 m. Climate : Warm Notes :
The Grapefruit tree is the Citrus species with the largest fruits. The Paradisi variety was selected from Citrus maxima, to offer the sweeter taste fruits that are most appreciated. Like all Citri, Grapefruit too needs a lot of sun to grow healthy and produce a large crop. It is a widely cultivated species in the warm climate areas.
Adult 13 m
XfrogPlants
FRUIT
Young 2m
Medium 6.5 m
04. Grapefruit Tree ( Citrus paradisi )
XfrogPlants
05.
Sweet Orange Tree
FRUIT
( Citrus sinensis )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad conical Origin : Asian, uncertain (probably in the Malay archipelago) Environment : Sub-tropical Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
In spite of the name, the most ancient origin of this tree (and of all the Citrus genus) is not Chinese, but in the Malay archipelago, over 20 millions of years ago. The sweet orange species, however, might as well be the result of man induced crossovers. All fruits in the Citrus genus have a very high Vitamin C content.
Adult 9m
XfrogPlants
FRUIT
Medium 7m Young 4.5 m
05. Sweet Orange Tree ( Citrus sinensis )
XfrogPlants
06.
Chinese Persimmon (Kaki)
FRUIT
( Diospyros Kaki )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : China, Korea Environment : Valleys, on all soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The Chinese Persimmon is widely cultivated in the temperate areas. It is appreciated because it doesn’t need anti-parasitic treatment. The large sweet fruits become edible only when ripe (October), to stay on the tree after all leaves have fallen. In China, Kaki is considered “the tree with the seven virtues”. It is frostintolerant.
Adult 13 m
XfrogPlants
FRUIT
Medium 7m Young 3m
06. Chinese Persimmon (Kaki) ( Diospyros Kaki )
XfrogPlants
07.
Japanese Medlar
FRUIT
( Eriobotrya japonica )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Japan, China Environment : Fields, up to 600 m., on rich, fertile soil Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
The Japanese Medlar is cultivated both as ornamental (because of the small size and evergreen leaves), and for the edible fruits. It can survive moderate frost, down to -10°, but can produce fruits only in warmer areas, because cold makes the Autumn blooming sterile. It is a fast-growing tree which is drought-intolerant.
Adult 8m
XfrogPlants
FRUIT
Medium 3.5 m
Young 2m
07. Japanese Medlar ( Eriobotrya japonica )
XfrogPlants
08.
Fig Tree
FRUIT
XfrogPlants
( Ficus carica )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Southeast of Asia Environment : Humid and shady places, on rocky soil Climate : Warm, mild, temperate, cool Notes :
The Fig Tree is a rustic species that grows even on arid soils and rocks, tolerating a wide range of temperatures. Fruits are very high in sugar (20% when fresh, 50% dried). One fruit is born from several merged flowers. Many myths are centred on the Fig Tree, considered the Tree of Knowledge, and a symbol of Fertility as well.
Adult 10 m
FRUIT
Medium 3.5 m
Young 2m
08. Fig Tree ( Ficus carica )
XfrogPlants
09.
Apple Tree
FRUIT
( Malus domestica )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Garden variety of the native European tree (Malus sylvestris) Environment : Forests and thickets, up to 1.200 m. Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
The Common (Garden) Apple tree is a garden species derived from the Wild Apple (Malus sylvestris), a tree that can still be found in the wild in the forests of Central-Southern Europe. The most visible difference between the species is the absence, in the Garden Apple tree, of the small thorns that are present on the branches of the Wild Apple.
Adult 10 m
XfrogPlants
FRUIT
Medium 6.5 m Young 4m
09. Apple Tree ( Malus domestica )
XfrogPlants
10.
Mango Tree
FRUIT
( Mangifera indica )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : India, Birmania, part of Malay archipelago Environment : Tropical and sub-tropical regions,
on rich, well-drained soil Climate : Warm and rather dry
Notes :
Mango is the Indian name for the fruit of this tree, which can grow very tall, up to 30 m. The green fruits turn yellow and red when ripe, and they are a primary food source because of the very nourishing flesh. The Mango Trees found in plantations are often cultivars created by man to optimise fruit taste and growth.
Adult 31 m
XfrogPlants
FRUIT
Medium 16 m
Young 7.5 m
10. Mango Tree ( Mangifera indica )
XfrogPlants
11.
Banana
FRUIT
( Musa x paradisiaca )
Plant Origin : Asia Environment : Tropical valleys, in full light to light shade Climate : Warm and humid, mild
Notes :
Bananas are the world’s 4th largest fruit crop today. The Banana plant makes fruits only in a tropical environment; it can live in mild climates, but there it almost never makes fruits. Although the plant thrives in full sunlight, the fruits are best kept if the plant is in a light shade. Banana plant need protection from the winds.
Adult 6m
XfrogPlants
FRUIT
Young 2.5 m Medium 4.5 m
11. Banana ( Musa x paradisiaca )
XfrogPlants
12.
Date Palm
FRUIT
( Phoenix dactylifera )
Palm Origin : Western Asia, Middle East Environment : Oases, in full sunlight Climate : Hot, warm and dry
Notes :
The real Date Palm. It starts producing the highly nourishing fruits only at a late adult age, and in dry warm climates: cooler climates prevent dates from growing, humid warm climates make the sugars in the fruits ferment and the dates drop unripe. It was symbol of Fertility for Egyptians, and of imperial power for the Romans.
Adult 31 m
XfrogPlants
FRUIT
Medium 11 m
Young 6.5 m
12. Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera )
XfrogPlants
13.
Apricot Tree
FRUIT
( Prunus armeniaca )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : China Environment : Hillside thickets Climate : Mild, warm Notes :
The Apricot tree, more than the Cherry or Plum, needs a relatively warm climate to grow. It suffers from late frost, especially if it happens during the blossoming period. Like the other species in the Prunus family, the Apricot tree, too, can be attacked by many parasites and diseases.
Adult 9m
XfrogPlants
FRUIT
Medium 6m
Young 4.5 m
13. Apricot Tree ( Prunus armeniaca )
XfrogPlants
14.
Sweet Cherry Tree
FRUIT
( Prunus avium )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Europe, West Asia Environment : Forests, hedge rows, river sides, from sea level to 1,500 m. Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
The Sweet Cherry is a tree that adapts well to most soils. It can stand well the cold and frost, and because of this, it can also grow on the mountains. It is a very appreciated tree not only because of the delicious fruits, but also because of the excellent quality of the wood, highly prized for furniture and musical instruments.
Adult 20 m
XfrogPlants
FRUIT
Medium 11.5 m
Young 6m
14. Sweet Cherry Tree ( Prunus avium )
XfrogPlants
15.
Plum Tree
FRUIT
( Prunus domestica )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : A garden hybrid of two European species Environment : Cultivations and gardens Climate : Mild Notes :
The Plum Tree is almost certainly a hybrid of Cherry Plum (Prunus cerasifera) and Sloe (Prunus spinosa). It was created to produce the delicious fruits we know, and for this reason, it is widely cultivated both industrially and rurally, and also in home gardens. Two subspecies of Plum Tree are common, one with violet fruits, another with dark yellow fruits.
Adult 10.5 m
XfrogPlants
FRUIT
Medium 7m Young 4.5 m
15. Plum Tree ( Prunus domestica )
XfrogPlants
16.
Peach Tree
FRUIT
( Prunus persica )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : China Environment : Forests, from sea level to 600 m. Climate : Mild Notes :
Imported in the Mediterranean region from Persia (hence the Latin name) way back in the 4th century B.C., the Peach is really of Chinese origin. It is widely cultivated because of the delicious fruits, but it’s delicate pink flowers are also appreciated for decoration. The small size makes it perfect for home gardens decoration.
Adult 8m
XfrogPlants
FRUIT
Medium 5m
Young 3.5 m
16. Peach Tree ( Prunus persica )
XfrogPlants
17.
Blackthorn
FRUIT
( Prunus spinosa )
Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Europe (from Scandinavia and British Islands to Italy) Environment : Forest edges; on moist, calcareous soils Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :
Also known as Sloe, the Blackthorn is the European wild plum, diffused all over the continent and islands. It grows in very thick hedges that are impossible to penetrate because of the sharp thorns. The fruits are very nourishing but sour, and nowadays mostly used for jams and to flavour Gin, but in the past, Vikings had them as a primary food source.
Adult 5.5 m
XfrogPlants
FRUIT
Medium 3m Young 2m
17. Blackthorn ( Prunus spinosa )
XfrogPlants
18.
Guava
FRUIT
( Psidium guayava )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central and Southern America (from Mexico to Peru) Environment : Tropical, in humid forests Climate : Hot, warm Notes :
Guava is one of the most important fruit trees of Central America. Although typically a humid Tropic species, It is fairly salt-tolerant and drought-tolerant. It grows fast and can become a noxious weed. A curiosity: the Latin name “Psidium” comes from the Greek for “Pomegranate”, and hints at the similarity of the fruit shapes.
Adult 9.5 m
XfrogPlants
FRUIT
Medium 5.5 m Young 3.5 m
18. Guava ( Psidium guayava )
XfrogPlants
19.
Pomegranate
FRUIT
( Punica granatum )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Iran (Western Asia) Environment : Rocky hills, in full sunlight Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
The Pomegranate became wild in the Mediterranean since extremely ancient ages (it was known 4,000 years before Christ!), but it’s of Asian origin. It is mentioned in both the Bible and the Odyssey. A sacred tree for Phoenicians (hence the “Punica” name) and for Egyptians, too. The fruit is a well-known ancient symbol of Fertility.
Adult 6m
XfrogPlants
FRUIT
Medium 3.5 m
19. Pomegranate ( Punica granatum )
Young 2.5 m
XfrogPlants
20.
Pear Tree
FRUIT
( Pyrus communis )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Garden variety of the Wild Pear (European) Environment : Cultivations and gardens Climate : Temperate Notes :
The common Pear tree is a garden variety of the Wild Pear, an European and Asian tree that is diffused in the native areas where broadleaf woods grow on humid, fertile soil. The pronounced vertical growth (when growing free) makes it easily recognizable. The white flowers have a slightly Bigger diameter than most other Rosaceae.
Adult 15 m
XfrogPlants
FRUIT
Medium 8m
Young 5m
20. Pear Tree ( Pyrus communis )
XfrogPlants
XfrogPlants | Home Garden
Watermelon
Chili Pepper
XfrogPlants HOME GARDEN Contents : 180 3D Models in: Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, .3DS and .XFR formats XFR can be edited with Xfrog 3.5 software (Purchased Separately) With Xfrog 3.5 Procedural Software, easily create your very own variations of Growth, Branching, Add or Reduce Model Complexity, and much more. 180 1600 x 1600, Billboard Renders 180 1600 x 1600, Perspective Renders Xfrog Software and Models: Xfrog User Group:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/Xfrog
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures, are copyright: © 2001 - 2010 Xfrog Inc Tel. 310 933 5949 Support3@xfrog.com All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business. If you wish to further distribute the content, e.g. models, textures, or derivative models, or model parts, inside a game title; or use the library in any multi-user context; please contact us for distribution licensing.
XfrogPlants Development : Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Rendering
Peter Fantke: Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
Foreword to Home Garden library If you have more than 70 years of age, and were raised in Europe, you are probably familiar with the concept of “war garden”. With the war hitting hard on people lives, and the scarcity of food, every family who owned even a little piece of garden, transformed it into a kitchen garden, to grow those simple vegetables that were hard to find in the cities, and even harder was to find the money to buy them. Today, the world has changed. In the advanced countries, there is no problem anymore in finding supplies of food. But there are new threats: the pollution, the pesticides, the genetically modified vegetables. Or more simply, the lack of taste that the vegetables raised in mass production have, when compared to those raised in your aunt’s garden. As an answer to this, more and more people today are getting back to raising their own kitchen gardens. Instead of planting ornamental plants, they grow zucchini, potatoes, tomatoes, cabbages, spinach, onions. It is not only a way to save money. It is also a way to rediscover the authentic taste of these vegetables, once they are raised again the way all families used to do until not so many years ago. The benefits of such practice, do not only regard the families. They impact favourably on the world. More home grown vegetables mean less pesticides used in the environment, less fuel used to transport the vegetables from town to town, less plastic wrapping garbage to be disposed of. And most importantly, the feeling of being more connected to our earth and the soil. Our roots, in all meanings of the word. This Home Garden library is the way for Xfrog to pay homage to this philosophy, and to support the environmental conscious activities and the concept of self-sustainable economy.
01. Onion ( Allium cepa )
HOME GARDEN
Bulbous plant Height : up to 1 m. maximum Origin : Central Asia, Northeastern Africa Environment : on deep fertile soils Climate : temperate Notes :
Onions are one of the oldest vegetables known to mankind. This species is currently only found in cultivations, but originally the wild form was native of Asia and northern Africa. Onions have been used as food source since the Bronze Age. Ancient Egyptians considered it a symbol of eternal life. Today, Onions are one of world’s largest crops. China and India are the largest producers. Onions are not only a tasty food but also a medical support: their strong anti-oxidants are an effective aid in the prevention of some neoplastic diseases. Variation 9 34 cm
xfrogplants
Variation 8 32 cm Variation 7 37 cm
Variation 5 32 cm
Variation 6 32 cm
01. Onion ( Allium cepa )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
Variation 3 33 cm
Variation 4 34 cm
Variation 1 16 cm
Variation 2 25 cm
01. Onion ( Allium cepa )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
02. Celery ( Apium graveolens var. Dulce )
HOME GARDEN
Herbaceous plant Height : up to 1 m Origin : Mediterranean Environment : in an open position,
on rich, well-drained soil Climate : temperate; humid; frost and draught intolerant
Notes :
Celery is a Mediterranean native herbaceous plant that is known and used as officinal plant since the times of Homer. The crop life cycle of this plant is of 6-7 months, but when growing wild it can last two years. The stem of Celery is an important ingredient in all Mediterranean kitchens and has digestive and diuretic medical properties. The fruits are used to make essential oil. The roots are also used for medications.
Variation 4 24 cm
xfrogplants
Variation 9 55 cm
Variation 8 48 cm
Variation 6 40 cm Variation 7 40 cm
02. Celery ( Apium graveolens var. Dulce )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
Variation 3 22 cm
Variation 5 25 cm
Variation 1 9 cm
Variation 2 18 cm
02. Celery ( Apium graveolens var. Dulce )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
03. Asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis )
HOME GARDEN
Herbaceous perennial plant Height : up to 1,5 m. Origin : Mediterranean Environment : maritime sites, on rich soils; full sunlight Climate : warm, temperate; salt-resistant Notes :
The Asparagus is a coastal plant that is native of the Mediterranean region of the three continents Europe, Africa and Asia. It however spread quite soon all over continental Europe where climate allowed. It is known and cultivated since ancient times, when it was considered aphrodisiac due to the phallic shape of the turions. When cultivated in cooler areas, it has a shorter growing season. Today Asparagus is an appreciated food all over the world and has become part of nearly all cooking styles. The plant also has remarkable curative properties. It is used in most diets because it is tasty, low in calories, and rich in vitamins and fibres.
Variation 6 11 cm
xfrogplants
Variation 8 34 cm
Variation 9 37 cm
Variation 7 19 cm Variation 5 12 cm
03. Asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
Variation 4 49 cm
Variation 3 44 cm
Variation 1 16 cm
Variation 2 31 cm
03. Asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
04. Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. Italica )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
Annual plant Height : up to 1 m. Origin : Europe (Italy) Environment : open land, in full sun;
on rich and humid soils Climate : warm, temperate
Notes :
This species, and other species and subspecies from the genus Brassica, all evolved from a common ancestor, the wild cabbage plant, spread all over Europe. Sources show this subspecies Broccoli, native to Italy, was well known already 2000 years ago: the Romans considered it a real delicacy. It was brought to America by the Italian immigrants, but did not become popular until the 1920s. California is the USA state with the larger production of Broccoli. This plant is a very healthy food: rich in vitamins, it also contains chemical compounds that have a strong anti-viral and anti-tumoral action.
Variation 7 55 cm
Variation 8 40 cm
Variation 9 40 cm
Variation 5 44 cm
Variation 6 30 cm
04. Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. Italica )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
Variation 3 40 cm
Variation 4 41 cm
Variation 2 43 cm
04. Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. Italica )
Variation 1 30 cm
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
05. Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. Capitata )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
Perennial Plant Height : up to 2 m Origin : Europe Environment : open land, in full sun;
on rich and humid soils Climate : temperate, cool
Notes :
This Brassica species grows better in cooler climates. For this reason, it is often seeded in Autumn or at the beginning of the Winter, for a late Winter/early Spring crop. They require sun and a deep, rich, constantly humid but well drained soil. The Cabbage is very popular in Central and Northern Europe, and especially in Germany, where it is part of the traditional kitchen. The young plants are much appreciated by the snails, who are a threat to the cultivations. The Cabbage is rich in fibres, minerals, and C vitamin, protecting stomach from bacterial infections.
Variation 7 36 cm
Variation 8 47 cm
Variation 9 48 cm
Variation 5 32 cm
Variation 6 35 cm
05. Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. Capitata )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
Variation 3 24 cm
Variation 4 25 cm
Variation 2 12 cm
05. Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. Capitata )
Variation 1 4 cm
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
06. Cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis )
HOME GARDEN
Biennial plant Height : up to 1 m. Origin : Southern Europe Environment : open land, in full sun;
on rich and humid soils Climate : warm, temperate
Notes :
Like all biennial plants, Cauliflower too takes two years to complete it’s life cycle. In the first year it grows the vegetative structures (leaves, stems and roots), then it enters a period of dormancy during the winter. In the Spring of the second year, the stem elongates significantly, then the plant produces flowers, fruits and seed, and finally dies. Ancient Egyptians and Greeks believed that the Cauliflower was a remedy against drunkenness: they said that after having eaten raw Cauliflower it is possible to drink wine with no limit and remain sober.
Variation 4 14 cm
xfrogplants
Variation 8 40 cm
Variation 9 87 cm
Variation 7 57 cm
Variation 6 45 cm
06. Cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
Variation 3 16 cm
Variation 5 40 cm
Variation 1 11 cm
Variation 2 10 cm
06. Cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
07. Chili Pepper ( Casicum annuum )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
Perennial (usually annual) plant Height : up to 1,5 m approx. Origin : Mexico Environment : in full sun; in dry climates Climate : hot, warm, temperate Notes :
Chili Pepper is a perennial plant, that however often in cultivation behaves like an annual—that is, it dies after one year of life. It arrived in Europe in year 1514, together with the larger Pepper, from Mexico, where they were both cultivated since the pre-Columbian age. A Toltec myth says that god Tezcatlipoca first appeared to his future bride, the daughter of serpent Quetzalcoatl, disguised as a Chili Pepper seller. The plant contains Capsine, which stimulates blood circulation, liver and kidney activity, and digestion. It is dangerous to diabetics.
Variation 6 85 cm
Variation 8 85 cm
Variation 9 62 cm
Variation 7 76 cm
07. Chili Pepper ( Capsicum annuum )
Variation 5 111 cm
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
Variation 3 81 m
Variation 1 36 m
Variation 4 80 m
Variation 2 43 m
07. Chili Pepper ( Capsicum annuum )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
08. Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus )
HOME GARDEN
Herbaceous creeping plant Height : variable (depending from support) Origin : Tropical Africa (Kalahari) Environment : on deep, rich alluvial soils; in full sunlight Climate : warm, temperate; lethal threshold is –2° C Notes :
Watermelon is an annual climbing plant native of the Kalahari desert (Tropical Africa). One Watermelon plant can produce the amazing amount of a hundred big fruits at one time and is a vital water source for the native populations. The first documented Watermelon crop took place in ancient Egypt 5000 years ago. In the 10th century it was cultivated in China, and was first introduced in Europe in the 13th century with the Moorish invasion. A fruit contains high amounts of sugars and of A and C vitamins. The Watermelon blooms May to October.
Variation 9 39 cm
xfrogplants
Variation 7 40 cm
Variation 8 42 cm
Variation 6 44 cm Variation 5 63 cm
08. Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
Variation 3 43 cm
Variation 4 46 cm
Variation 1 8 cm
Variation 2 28 cm
08. Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
09. Cantaloupe ( Cucumis melo )
HOME GARDEN
Herbaceous creeping / climbing plant Height : variable (depending from support) Origin : Eastern Tropical Africa Environment : on deep, rich alluvial soils; in full sunlight Climate : warm, temperate; lethal threshold is –2° C Notes :
The Cantaloupe is an African creeping plant. It was brought in the Southern Mediterranean by the Egyptians in the V Century B.C., and arrived in Rome during the Christian age of the Empire. From there, it quickly spread over Europe. It was considered a symbol of fertility, but ironically, in spite of it’s abundant summer blooming (May to September), only 10% of it’s flowers grow to become actual fruits. Today, China is the largest producer of Cantaloupe, with the 51% of the total world production. Once brought home, a melon must not be stored at temperatures lower than 5°C.
Variation 7 110 cm
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Variation 7 118 cm
Variation 9 121 cm
Variation 5 133 cm
Variation 6 81 cm
09. Cantaloupe ( Cucumis melo )
HOME GARDEN
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Variation 4 86 cm
Variation 3 74 cm
Variation 2 70 cm
09. Cantaloupe ( Cucumis melo )
Variation 1 45 cm
HOME GARDEN
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10. Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus )
HOME GARDEN
Herbaceous creeping plant Height : variable (depending from support) Origin : India Environment : in full sun; on any soil Climate : warm, temperate Notes :
The Cucumber is a plant that arrived to Europe from native India. It has one of the lowest calories content of all food, and for this reason, it is often included in the diets. In Italy, a dialect name for this plant, “citrullo”, is used to designate a stupid person, the metaphor being that the stupid person is like the Cucumber: large in size, but lacking valuable contents inside. Cucumbers are appreciated for the taste they bring to salads, however, they also have other properties: rubbed on the skin, they make it softer. This cosmetic property was already known in the Renaissance.
Variation 9 37 cm
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Variation 7 51 cm
Variation 8 22 cm
Variation 6 35 cm
Variation 5 33 cm
10. Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus )
HOME GARDEN
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Variation 3 32 cm
Variation 4 41 cm
Variation 1 2 cm
Variation 2 27 cm
10. Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
11. Squash ( Cucurbita maxima )
HOME GARDEN
Perennial plant Height : variable (depending from support) Origin : uncertain Environment : in full sun; on rich, well-drained soil Climate : warm, temperate Notes :
Squash is a plant whose fruit can be extremely varied in size, from the few centimetres of the ornamental species, to the 3 meters of the Atlantic Giant cultivar. Different shapes of the fruit also exist, with different tastes. The Squash is present in many myths from all over the world, an element which makes difficult to locate precisely the geographical origin of the species. In the past, the farmers used the hard shell of squash as containers, for instance to store the salt. Squash shells are also popular in the USA to make Halloween masks and decorations.
Variation 8 34 cm
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Variation 9 30 cm
Variation 7 30 cm
Variation 6 32 cm
Variation 5 28 cm
11. Squash ( Cucurbita maxima )
HOME GARDEN
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Variation 3 26 cm
Variation 4 34 cm
Variation 1 40 cm
Variation 2 30 cm
11. Squash ( Cucurbita maxima )
HOME GARDEN
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12. Zucchini ( Cucurbita pepo )
HOME GARDEN
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Herbaceous annual creeping plant Height : variable (depending from support) Origin : uncertain Environment : in full sun; on rich, well-drained soil Climate : warm, temperate Notes :
Zucchini is a species of the Cucurbita genus whose fruits, instead of being allowed to ripe, are cropped unripe. They are a very popular food because of the very low calories (95% of the fruit is made of water) and good taste. Zucchini also have important features for health: they contain carotenoids, a powerful anti-tumoral agent. They also help curing kidney and urinary diseases, heart diseases, and diabetes. They help relax and sleep, a quality known in the ancient times. The seeds are powerful disinfectants for the intestine, as they are innocuous to man but lethal to tapeworm and other parasites. The flowers are edible and eaten fried.
Variation 9 57 cm
Variation 7 52 cm
Variation 8 47 cm
Variation 6 49 cm
Variation 5 43 cm
12. Zucchini ( Cucurbita pepo )
HOME GARDEN
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Variation 4 44 cm
Variation 3 40 cm
Variation 1 15 cm
Variation 2 29 cm
12. Zucchini ( Cucurbita pepo )
HOME GARDEN
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13. Carrot ( Daucus carota )
HOME GARDEN
Biennial herbaceous plant Height : up to 1 m. Origin : Mediterranean Environment : in full sun; on rocky, arid soils Climate : warm, temperate Notes :
The Carrot is a biennial plant which during the second and last year of it’s life develops a long stalk on top of which a crown of white flowers blooms from May until late December. The edible part is the orange root, which has many useful properties: anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, curative of anaemia, ulcer, intestine problems. It is also used for cosmetic use, because it helps tan and hydrates the skin. In spite of these good qualities, popular culture, with no apparent reason, traditionally associated the carrot with the negative virtue of falsehood.
Variation 3 36 cm
xfrogplants
Variation 9 42 cm
Variation 7 78 cm
Variation 6 70 cm
Variation 8 52 cm
13. Carrot ( Daucus carota )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
Variation 4 42 cm
Variation 5 47 cm
Variation 1 16 cm Variation 2 34 cm
13. Carrot ( Daucus carota )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
14. Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus )
HOME GARDEN
Annual or Perennial grass Height : up to 3 m. Origin : Southwest of USA Environment : meadows and grasslands, in full sunlight Climate : warm, mild Notes :
The Sunflower is an annual plant that blooms in the Summer. The large head produces hundreds of edible seeds and is heliotropic (it moves with the Sun, hence the name). Sunflowers are the only field crop native to North America. Cultivated by native Americans of the Southwest, the Sunflower was imported in Europe in 1510 as decorative plant, and only later cultivated in large crops for the seeds. In the Inca culture it was the symbol of kingship, and the Inca priests considered it magic, because they noticed that the seeds are ordered in three spirals following both clockwise and anticlockwise directions. Variation 8 236 cm
xfrogplants
Variation 9 276 m
Variation 7 207 m
Variation 5 210 m
Variation 6 219 m
14. Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
Variation 3 143 m
Variation 4 170 m
Variation 2 114 m
Variation 1 36 m
14. Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
15. Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa )
HOME GARDEN
Biennial (temperate annual) plant Height : up to 30 cm. Origin : Middle East Environment : in full sun, wind-sheltered position;
on rich soils Climate : warm; frost-intolerant
Notes :
A plant native of the Middle East, and very popular with ancient Egyptians, was much appreciated by the Romans, who diffused it all over the empire. As soon as they conquered a land, the Roman soldiers immediately planted fields of Lettuce, in order to guarantee tasty meals for themselves. But Lettuce also had a non flattering reputation of causing male impotence, as attested by several Greek and Latin writers. In fact, Lettuce contains a milky juice that has sedative and blandly hypnotic properties. For this reason, it is usually part of the evening diet for the insomniac persons.
Variation 9 21 cm
xfrogplants
Variation 7 27 cm
Variation 8 6 cm
Variation 5 25 cm
Variation 6 25 cm
15. Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
Variation 3 19 cm
Variation 4 24 cm Variation 1 5 cm
Variation 2 6 cm
15. Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
16. Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
Herbaceous annual plant Height : up to 1,2 m approx. Origin : Central America Environment : open land; on fresh, rich soils Climate : warm; frost-intolerant Notes :
A plant native of the Middle East, and very popular with ancient Egyptians, was much appreciated by the Romans, who diffused it all over the empire. As soon as they conquered a land, the Roman soldiers immediately planted fields of Lettuce, in order to guarantee tasty meals for themselves. But Lettuce also had a non flattering reputation of causing male impotence, as attested by several Greek and Latin writers. In fact, Lettuce contains a milky juice that has sedative and blandly hypnotic properties. For this reason, it is usually part of the evening diet for the insomniac persons.
Variation 5 60 cm
Variation 9 120 cm
Variation 8 120 cm
Variation 6 76 cm
Variation 7 120 cm
16. Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
Variation 3 29 cm
Variation 4 41 cm
Variation 2 26 cm
16. Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris )
HOME GARDEN
Variation 1 17 cm
xfrogplants
17. Peas ( Pisum sativum )
HOME GARDEN
Herbaceous annual plant Height : up to 1,8 m. Origin : Mediterranean Environment : in full or partial sun;
on fresh, well-drained soil Climate : temperate, with warm winters and mild summers
Notes :
Like most Mediterranean plants, Peas require a mild climate, not too cold (to prevent the death of the plant), nor too hot (to prevent crop loss). The soil must be well drained to prevent water logging. Peas have always been considered a symbol of fertility, like many other multiseeded fruits (vine, wheat, pomegranate, et c.). In German myths, Peas were sacred to god Thor and the favourite food of Thunar. As food, Peas are rich of nutrients: glucids, lipids, minerals, and many vitamins. Today, the Asian countries (China, India) are the largest producers of Peas.
Variation 6 85 cm
xfrogplants
Variation 8 102 cm
Variation 9 112 cm
Variation 5 94 cm Variation 7 102 cm
17. Peas ( Pisum sativum )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
Variation 3 62 cm Variation 4 75 cm
Variation 1 8 cm
Variation 2 17 cm
17. Peas ( Pisum sativum )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
18. Cherry Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum )
HOME GARDEN
Annual grass Height : up to 2 m. Origin : Tropical America Environment : in full sun, wind-sheltered position;
on rich soils Climate : warm; frost-intolerant
Notes :
The Tomato plant is native of the tropical areas of Central and Southern America. It can be found in either creeping or self-standing shapes. The common name comes from Aztec Tomatl. It was first brought to Europe by Hernan Cortés in 1540. Tomatoes come in four basic shapes: cherry-like, mid-size, pear-like and big-size. The Cherry Tomato is used for salads. Tomato plants need lots of sunlight, are much cold-intolerant and require regular irrigation: excessive or scarce watering can both damage the fruits.
Variation 5 113 cm
xfrogplants
Variation 8 137 cm Variation 9 192 cm
Variation 6 117 cm
Variation 7 126 cm
18. Cherry Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
Variation 3 144 cm
Variation 4 119 cm
Variation 1 62 cm
Variation 2 119 cm
18. Cherry Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
19. Eggplant ( Solanum melongena )
HOME GARDEN
Perennial plant Height : up to 1 m. Origin : India Environment : in full sun; on deep, rich soils Climate : warm, temperate Notes :
The Eggplant (known in British English as Aubergine) is a perennial plant often cultivated as annual in cooler climates. It is an Asian species first introduced in Europe by the Arabs in 1440 A.C. For a long time, it was not appreciated, and it was even believed to cause madness. The raw fruit tastes very bitter, due to the presence of alkaloids (some of which related to Nicotine). Once cooked, the taste gets mildened. It is very poor of all nutrients: almost zero calories, very low on fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. For this reason, the Eggplant is the king of all diets.
Variation 8 99 cm
xfrogplants
Variation 7 85 m
Variation 9 106 m
Variation 5 67 m
Variation 6 71 m
19. Eggplant ( Solanum melongena )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
Variation 4 68 m Variation 3 68 m
Variation 1 8m
Variation 2 55 m
19. Eggplant ( Solanum melongena )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
20. Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea )
HOME GARDEN
Herbaceous annual plant Height : up to 1 m. Origin : Southwestern Asia Environment : on rich and humid,
well-drained soils of any type Climate : warm, temperate, cool
Notes :
Spinach is a Southwestern Asian plant, that is however cold-tolerant, and for this reason it is often planted in the Winter, when most other species of vegetables can not grow. Spinach were the favourite food of Caterina de Medici, so much that when she left Florence to marry the King of France, she took with her the personal cook, the only person that was able to cook spinach the way she wanted. Due to a typo on a label, in the 20’s, Spinach started to be erroneously believed to contain a lot of iron, but this is not true. On the contrary, they contain some compounds that bind easily with iron, preventing our body from assimilating it.
Variation 7 49 m
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Variation 9 80 cm
Variation 8 67 cm
Variation 5 18 cm
Variation 6 15 cm
20. Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
Variation 4 13 cm
Variation 3 22 cm
Variation 1 7 cm
Variation 2 14 cm
20. Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea )
HOME GARDEN
xfrogplants
XfrogPlants | Houseplants
XfrogPlants Houseplants Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2014 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
01.
Mona Lisa
HOUSEPLANTS
( Aeschynanthus ssp. )
Plant Origin : Tropical America Environment : Tropical Climate : Warm and humid
Notes :
Mona Lisa needs a warm and humid climate the whole year, and good watering. It is a very popular choice in some countries for house decoration, mostly because it looks very good when hanging on a wall. Blooming: from June until August.
Model 55 45 cm green leaves, red flower (hanging plant)
XfrogPlants
HOUSEPLANTS
Model 2 50 cm green leaves, red flower
01. Mona Lisa ( Aeschynanthus ssp. )
Model 3 45 cm green leaves, red flower
XfrogPlants
02.
Asparagus Fern
HOUSEPLANTS
( Asparagus plumosus )
Plant (fern) Origin : South Africa Environment : Tropical Climate : Warm, mild
Notes :
The Asparagus Fern is a climber perennial plant with flat, fernlike “leaves” (really they are not leaves but cladodes) that grow horizontal on wiry stems. It is frostintolerant and can be grown outdoors only in regions with mild winters. Not to be confused with the common Asparagus (food), which is a Southern Europe plant.
Model 1 45 cm green fernlike plant
XfrogPlants
HOUSEPLANTS
Model 2 40 cm green fernlike plant
02. Asparagus Fern ( Asparagus plumosus )
Model 3 45 cm green fernlike plant
XfrogPlants
03.
Kaffir Lily
HOUSEPLANTS
( Clivia miniata )
Plant Origin : South Africa Environment : Subtropical, in bright shade Climate : Warm, mild
Notes :
Kaffir Lily is an easy plant to grow in a home environment. It requires good indirect lighting for bloom, but non-blooming plants are still beautiful. Kaffir lily roots contain small amounts of the alkaloid Lycorine, which is toxic for humans.
Model 1 55 cm green leaves, orange-red flowers
XfrogPlants
HOUSEPLANTS
Model 2 50 cm green leaves, orange-red flowers
03. Kaffir Lily ( Clivia miniata )
Model 3 45 cm green leaves, orange-red flowers
XfrogPlants
04.
Croton Petra
HOUSEPLANTS
( Codiaeum variegatum var. Pictum )
Plant Origin : Indonesia (Moluccan Islands) Environment : Tropical, in full sunlight Climate : Warm
Notes :
The vivid and bright variegated colours of Croton Petra gave this plant a great popularity. It is said that the colours of the Brazilian flag have been inspired by the leaves of Croton Petra. Full sunlight is required for the leaves to take the brightest colours.
Model 1 50 cm green-red-yellow leaves
XfrogPlants
HOUSEPLANTS
Model 2 40 cm green-yellow leaves
04. Croton Petra ( Codiaeum variegatum var. Pictum )
Model 3 25 cm green-yellow leaves
XfrogPlants
05.
Sago Palm
HOUSEPLANTS
( Cycas revoluta )
Plant (cycad) Origin : South-East of Asia Environment : Tropical Climate : W arm, mild
Notes :
Cycadaceae are one of the most ancient tall vegetation families still living today. Similar to palms and ferns, but being neither of the two (as commonly misbelieved) they have characteristics of their own. Sago Palm looks like a small or shrubby palm-tree. It can be also potted for home growing.
Model 1 40 cm green
XfrogPlants
HOUSEPLANTS
Model 4 30 cm green
Model 2 40 cm green
Model 3 40 cm green
05. Sago Palm ( Cycas revoluta )
XfrogPlants
06.
Dendrobium Nobile
HOUSEPLANTS
( Dendrobium nobile )
Plant Origin : South-East of Asia Environment : Tropical Climate : Warm and humid
Notes :
Dendrobium nobile is appreciated for it’s display of brightly coloured flowers along the stem. It’s a fairly easy orchid to grow. It requires moderate light in the summer and full light during Autumn and Winter Blooming: Winter and early Spring.
Model 1 52 cm yellow flowers
XfrogPlants
HOUSEPLANTS
Model 2 45 cm yellow flowers
06. Dendrobium Nobile ( Dendrobium nobile )
Model 3 40 cm yellow flowers
XfrogPlants
07.
Red Edge Dracaena
HOUSEPLANTS
( Dracaena marginata )
Plant Origin : Madagascar Environment : Tropical, in bright shade Climate : Warm and humid
Notes :
Red Edge Dracaena is the easiest of all dracenae to grow, because it’s the most tolerant with regards to air humidity. It needs indirect sunlight and constant humidification of soil and leaves, especially during the vegetative periods.
Model 1 115 cm green leaves
XfrogPlants
HOUSEPLANTS
Model 2 100 cm green leaves
07. Red Edge Dracaena ( Dracaena marginata )
Model 3 90 cm green leaves
XfrogPlants
08.
Ballerina Epidendrum
HOUSEPLANTS
( Epidendrum ssp. )
Plant Origin : Mexico Environment : Tropical, in full but indirect sunlight Climate : Warm
Notes :
Reedstem Epidendrum is one of the easiest orchids to grow. It is little demanding about soil and watering, and can stay outdoors until just before the frost limit. It requires good indirect lighting. The flowering lasts quite long.
Model 1 50 cm yellow flowers
XfrogPlants
HOUSEPLANTS
Model 2 45 cm yellow flowers
08. Ballerina Epidendrum ( Epidendrum ssp. )
Model 3 40 cm yellow flowers
XfrogPlants
09.
Crown-Of-Thorns
HOUSEPLANTS
( Euphorbia milii )
Plant (cactus) Origin : Madagascar Environment : Sub-tropical, in full sunlight, on drained soil Climate : Warm and dry
Notes :
The name comes from Euphorbius, an ancient Greek doctor who used the sap of this plant medicinally. Euphorbia milii is supposedly the plant used for Christ’s crown of thorns (hence the name). The sap is poisonous and can be very irritating if touched. This plant loves direct sunlight, which makes blooming last longer. It grows well in a dry, warm environment.
Model 1 17 cm green leaves, red flowers
XfrogPlants
HOUSEPLANTS
Model 2 15 cm green leaves, red flowers
09. Crown-Of-Thorns ( Euphorbia milii )
Model 3 12 cm green leaves, red flowers
XfrogPlants
10.
Electrode Cactus
HOUSEPLANTS
( Ferocactus histrix )
Plant (cactus) Origin : Central Mexico Environment : Solitary, on desert lands and cliffs, in full sun, on dry soil Climate : Hot, warm
Notes :
The electrode Cactus is a species that needs little or no water once established. It is also moderately frostresistant. It most often grows as solitary individuals on the sandy arid soils of central Mexico.
Model 1 18 cm
XfrogPlants
HOUSEPLANTS
Model 2 15 cm
10. Electrode Cactus ( Ferocactus histrix )
Model 3 12 cm
XfrogPlants
11.
Benjamin Ficus
HOUSEPLANTS
( Ficus benjamina )
Shrub/Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : India Environment : Tropical, in bright shade Climate : Warm Notes :
The Ficus genus includes many tree and shrub species, both deciduous (like the fig tree) and evergreen, like Benjamin Ficus, which can also be potted and grown in a home environment. When potted, it doesn’t grow higher than 2 m. The branches are slightly weeping.
Model 1 150 cm green leaves
XfrogPlants
HOUSEPLANTS
Model 2 120 cm green leaves
11. Benjamin Ficus ( Ficus benjamina )
Model 3 80 cm green leaves
XfrogPlants
12.
Gemma Guzmania
HOUSEPLANTS
( Guzmania diss. Gemma )
Plant Origin : Tropical America (Costa Rica) Environment : Tropical, partial shade or partial sun, on moist acidic soil Climate : Warm and humid
Notes :
The Gemma variety, like the other Guzmania varieties, needs intense but indirect sunlight, and constantly high air humidity. Blooming: end of Winter. The bright colours of this species make it a favourite for house decoration.
Model 1 55 cm green leaves, yellow-red flower
XfrogPlants
HOUSEPLANTS
Model 2 45 cm green leaves, yellow-red flower
12. Gemma Guzmania ( Guzmania diss. Gemma )
Model 3 40 cm green leaves, yellow-red flower
XfrogPlants
13.
Common Ivy
HOUSEPLANTS
( Hedera helix ssp. Helix )
Plant Origin : Europe Environment : European countryside, creeping on rocky slopes and trees Climate : mild, temperate
Notes :
The Common Ivy is a very humble and rustic plant, and yet, it’s very much appreciated for decoration, because of the lobed evergreen deep green leaves. It produces black berry-like fruits. Now present all over the world as decorative species.
Model 1 80 cm green leaves, hanging plant
XfrogPlants
HOUSEPLANTS
Model 2 70 cm green leaves, hanging plant
13. Common Ivy ( Hedera helix ssp. Helix )
Model 3 60 cm green leaves, hanging plant
XfrogPlants
14.
Cherry Pie
HOUSEPLANTS
( Heliotropium peruvianum )
Plant Origin : South America (Peru) Environment : In full sunlight, on rich, moist soil Climate : Mild, temperate
Notes :
The Cherry Pie plant is a sweet-scented plant which is called Heliotrope because it follows the course of the sun. It grows in a bushy form, and looks good throughout the summer. In the Language of Flowers, the heliotrope means devotion and faithfulness. The plant has therapeutic properties.
Model 1 25 cm green leaves, blue-purple flower
XfrogPlants
HOUSEPLANTS
Model 2 22 cm green leaves, blue-purple flower
14. Cherry Pie ( Heliotropium peruvianum )
Model 3 18 cm green leaves, blue-purple flower
XfrogPlants
15.
Kalanchoe
HOUSEPLANTS
( Kalanchoe blossfeldiana )
Plant Origin : Madagascar Environment : Sub-tropical areas, in full sunlight, on well-drained soil Climate : Warm
Notes :
The flowers of this species last for many weeks and have bright vivid colours if the plant is exposed to full sunlight for at least 4 hours a day. It needs little water. Many garden cultivar of this species exist, in many different blooming colours.
Model 1 25 cm light green
XfrogPlants
HOUSEPLANTS
Model 2 20 cm light green
15. Kalanchoe ( Kalanchoe blossfeldiana )
Model 3 18 cm light green
XfrogPlants
16.
Banana
HOUSEPLANTS
( Musa x paradisiaca )
Plant Origin : Garden cultivar of the wild Asian Banana plant (Musa acuminata) Environment : Tropical valleys, in full light to light shade Climate : Warm and humid, mild
Notes :
This is the Banana cultivar that is used for the commercial production of fruits. In plantations, it can grow up to 9 m., but it can also be potted and grown in a home environment as decorative species, in which case it rarely reaches the height of 2 m. It shares the same plant characteristics of it’s wild parent.
Model 1 140 cm green plant
XfrogPlants
HOUSEPLANTS
Model 2 110 cm green plant
16. Banana ( Musa x paradisiaca )
Model 3 75 cm green plant
XfrogPlants
17.
Fishbone Fern
HOUSEPLANTS
( Nephrolepis cordifolia )
Plant (fern) Origin : Pantropical Environment : In bright shade, growing in soil, rocks, or palm trunks Climate : Warm
Notes :
The Fishbone Fern is a tropical and cold-sensitive fern, that can grow only in warm climate regions. It can become weedy. Like most ferns, it grows of preference in the open, bright shade of taller species like trees and palms.
Model 1 40 cm
XfrogPlants
HOUSEPLANTS
Model 2 32 cm
Model 4 27 cm
Model 3 27 cm
17. Fishbone Fern ( Nephrolepis cordifolia )
XfrogPlants
18.
African Violet
HOUSEPLANTS
( Saintpaulia ionantha )
Plant Origin : Tanganyika (Africa) Environment : Tropical, in bright shade, on moist soil Climate : Warm and humid
Notes :
The African Violet is a widely popular plant. Bright, indirect light (12 hours a day) is best for optimal blooming. Direct sun in winter may keep it flowering, but summer sun will burn it. Air humidity must be constantly high.
Model 1 16 cm green leaves, dark purple flower
XfrogPlants
HOUSEPLANTS
Model 2 15 cm green leaves, dark purple flower
Model 3 12 cm green leaves, dark purple flower
18. African Violet ( Saintpaulia ionantha )
XfrogPlants
19.
Miniature Chusan Palm
HOUSEPLANTS
( Trachycarpus wagnerianus )
Palm Origin : Unknown in the wild, probably a cultivar of Trachycarpus fortunei Environment : Gardens, in a sunny place, on moist, well-drained soil Climate : Temperate, cool
Notes :
This is a medium-sized fan palm, quite similar to the Chinese Windmill Palm (Trachycarpus fortunei), but this species has slightly different leaves. It is very cold tolerant, even more than the Chinese Windmill Palm. It grows very slowly.
Model 1 60 cm palm
XfrogPlants
HOUSEPLANTS
Model 2 60 cm palm
19. Miniature Chusan Palm ( Trachycarpus wagnerianus )
Model 3 60 cm palm
XfrogPlants
20.
Aroid Palm
HOUSEPLANTS
( Zamioculcas zamiifolia )
Plant Origin : Africa (Zanzibar, Tanzania) Environment : Sub-tropical, light shade or full shade Climate : Warm wet summers, mild dry winters
Notes :
Not really a palm, the so-called Aroid Palm is a perennial plant that belongs to the Araceae (same family of the Philodendron). It has a somehow “prehistoric” look reminiscent of a cycad relative (hence the name).
Model 1 65 cm green leaves
XfrogPlants
HOUSEPLANTS
Model 2 55 cm green leaves
20. Aroid Palm ( Zamioculcas zamiifolia )
Model 3 45 cm green leaves
XfrogPlants
XfrogPlants | Japan
XfrogPlants JAPAN Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2013 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
01.
Nikko Fir
JAPAN
( Abies homolepis )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Japan Environment : Mountain forests Climate : Cool Japanese Name : Urajiromomi Notes :
The Nikko Fir is a characteristic conifer of the mountains of Japan, but due to the elegant shape and the fact that it tolerates pollution better than other fir species, it is often planted in cities for urban decoration.
Adult 25 m
XfrogPlants
JAPAN
Young 4m
Medium 15 m
01. Nikko Fir ( Abies homolepis )
XfrogPlants
02.
Nikko Maple
JAPAN
( Acer nikoense )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Japan Environment : Stream sides Climate : Mild, temperate Japanese Name : Megusurinoki. Notes :
The Nikko Maple is found in nature as a small tree, but it can grow as a shrub when cultivated by man. It loves deep and humid soils. It is appreciated as an urban decoration species because of the red Autumn leaves.
Adult 12 m
XfrogPlants
JAPAN
Medium 6.5 m
02. Nikko Maple ( Acer nikoense )
Young 3m
XfrogPlants
03.
Japanese Maple
JAPAN
( Acer palmatum )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : West Asia Environment : forests Climate : Mild Japanese Name : Iroha-momiji Notes :
The Japanese Maple is widely diffused in city parks all over the world, because of the gorgeous Autumn colours. Many cultivars have been produced of this tree, with different leaf sizes and colours. The Japanese Maple is sensitive to late frost and should be planted in a sheltered position.
Adult 12 m
XfrogPlants
JAPAN
Young 4.5 m
Medium 7m
03. Japanese Maple ( Acer palmatum )
XfrogPlants
04.
Katsura Tree
JAPAN
( Cercidiphyllum japonicum )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Himalaya and Japan Environment : Mountain forests Climate : Temperate, cool Japanese Name : Katsura Notes :
The Katsura tree grows on the mountains of West Asia, where it is appreciated for handicraft products because of the prized light wood. It is also considered a decorative species and therefore planted in city parks and gardens. Although it is a mountain tree, it can suffer from early frost.
Adult 25 m
XfrogPlants
JAPAN
Medium 15 m
Young 3.5 m
04. Katsura Tree ( Cercidiphyllum japonicum )
XfrogPlants
05.
Hinoki Falsecypress
JAPAN
( Chamaecyparis obtusa )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Japan Environment : Mountain slopes, on moist but well-drained acidic soil Climate : Temperate, cool Japanese Name : Hinoki Notes :
The Hinoki Falsecypress loves to grow in full direct sunlight. It’s wood is very much prized in Japan. As a decorative species, it is often planted in city parks throughout the world. Some dwarf garden cultivars exist.
Adult 20 m
XfrogPlants
JAPAN
Young 4m
Medium 7m
05. Hinoki Falsecypress ( Chamaecyparis obtusa )
XfrogPlants
06.
Japanese Cedar
JAPAN
XfrogPlants
( Cryptomeria japonica )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Japan Environment : Forests Climate : Temperate Japanese Name : Sugi Notes :
The Japanese Cedar (but it’s really a species of the Cupressaceae family) is a highly ornamental species, often planted in city parks. It is also very much appreciated in Japan for the highly prized quality of the wood. The foliage re-greens in the Spring.
Adult 26 m
JAPAN
Young 4m
Medium 12 m
06. Japanese Cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica )
XfrogPlants
07.
Ginkgo
JAPAN
( Ginko biloba )
Tree, deciduous ginkgo Shape : Broad conical Origin : China (long-time extinct in nature) Environment : wild environment unknown Climate : temperate Japanese Name : Ichou Notes :
The Ginkgo (250 millions of years old) is one of the most ancient living beings on earth. It’s reproductive system is so old that no tree today has a similar one (only ferns and a few other plants). A long-time extinct in nature, Ginkgo has been preserved by monks, who cultivated it for thousands of years for it’s medical qualities. It is immune to pollution and to almost all of today’s parasites.
Adult 20 m
XfrogPlants
JAPAN
Medium 8.5 m Young 5m
07. Ginkgo ( Ginkgo biloba )
XfrogPlants
08.
Japanese Walnut
JAPAN
( Juglans ailantifolia )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Japan Environment : Stream sides, wet places Climate : Mild, temperate Japanese Name : Kurumi Notes :
The Japanese Walnut has edible fruits, but the husk is poisonous and is traditionally used to catch fish. Like most walnut species, the Japanese Walnut too offers a wood that is appreciated for building and furniture.
Adult 15 m
XfrogPlants
JAPAN
Medium 7.5 m
Young 4m
08. Japanese Walnut ( Juglans ailantifolia )
XfrogPlants
09.
Temple Juniper
JAPAN
( Juniperus rigida )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Central and Southern Japan Environment : Hills and mountains Climate : Temperate, cool Japanese Name : Nezumisashi Notes :
The Temple Juniper is more exacting with soil than other juniper species, it needs a rich, well-drained soil for an ideal growth. It grows of preference under direct sunlight and has a slow growth rate. The tree shape significantly broadens with age.
Adult 6.5 m
XfrogPlants
JAPAN
Medium 4m
Young 2m
09. Temple Juniper ( Juniperus rigida )
XfrogPlants
10.
Japanese White Larch
JAPAN
( Larix kaempferi )
Tree, deciduous conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Central Japan Environment : Mountain forests, on humid, well-drained soil Climate : Cool, cold Japanese Name : Karamatsu Notes :
Compared to the European Larch, the Japanese White Larch is more tolerant of poor soils. It is planted for urban decoration in temperate or cool climate cities but it’s large size make it suitable for parks only. Like all larches, it has deciduous coloured Autumn foliage.
Adult 25 m
XfrogPlants
JAPAN
Young 4m
Medium 10 m
10. Japanese White Larch ( Larix kaempferi )
XfrogPlants
11.
Saucer Magnolia
JAPAN
( Magnolia x soulangeana )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Garden cultivar Environment : Cultivations and gardens Climate : Mild Japanese Name : Mokuren Notes :
This tree is a hybrid of two Asian Magnolia species. It has deciduous leaves and the flowers appear in Spring, before, or together with, the first leaves. Originally with white tepals, a very popular cultivar has been also produced with a purple blush at the base which fades into white.
Adult 9m
XfrogPlants
JAPAN
Medium 5m Young 3m
11. Saucer Magnolia ( Magnolia x soulangeana )
XfrogPlants
12.
Japanese Hop Hornbeam
JAPAN
( Ostrya japonica )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad conical Origin : China, Japan, Korea Environment : Mountain woods, on moist, well-drained soil Climate : Temperate, cool Japanese Name : Asada Notes :
The Japanese Hop Hornbeam is a slow-growing but hardy, pest-resistant tree, with a rustic look. It is not considered decorative but it’s hardiness makes it a good choice for cities where pollution is an issue. The wood is very hard and tough, and it’s used for agricultural implements.
Adult 18 m
XfrogPlants
JAPAN
Medium 9m
Young 3m
12. Japanese Hop Hornbeam ( Ostrya japonica )
XfrogPlants
13.
Amur Corktree
JAPAN
( Phellodendron amurense var. Japonica )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Japan Environment : Moist places near mountain streams Climate : Temperate, cool Japanese Name : Ki-hada Notes :
This is the Japanese native variety of the Amur Corktree (Chinese). As the name implies, the bark is used for production of cork. The limited height and the thick foliage make it also ideal for decoration in a controlled urban environment, where it can offer a good shade without becoming too invasive.
Adult 12.5 m
XfrogPlants
JAPAN
Medium 6m
Young 4m
13. Amur Corktree ( Phellodendron amurense var. Japonica )
XfrogPlants
14.
Hachiku Bamboo
JAPAN
( Phyllostachys nigra var. Henonis )
Plant Origin : China Environment : Thickets in humid areas, on moist soil Climate : Temperate, cool Japanese Name : Hachiku Notes :
The Hachiku bamboo is a cold-resistant species which can grow on almost all soil, as long as it is moist. Differently from many other bamboos, it grows of preference under direct sunlight. The invasive roots of bamboos make them a good choice to fight terrain erosion.
Adult 7.5m
XfrogPlants
JAPAN
Medium 6m
14. Hachiku Bamboo ( Phyllostachys nigra var. Henonis )
Young 4m
XfrogPlants
15.
Koyama Spruce
JAPAN
( Picea koyamai )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Central Japan, Korea Environment : Mountain forests, mostly between 1,500 and 1,800 m. Climate : Cool, cold Japanese Name : Yatsugataketouhi Notes :
The Koyama spruce is a relatively small, hardy spruce, easily recognizable for the pink-purple bark. It is a quite rare tree and not often found outside of native areas except for botanical gardens, yet it could be a highly decorative choice for urban parks and gardens.
Adult 18 m
XfrogPlants
JAPAN
Young 3m
Medium 10 m
15. Koyama Spruce ( Picea koyamai )
XfrogPlants
16.
Japanese White Pine
JAPAN
XfrogPlants
( Pinus parviflora )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Japan Environment : Mountain forests, on rocky soil Climate : Cool, cold Japanese Name : Goyomatsu Notes :
This Japanese pine is often planted in city parks throughout the world. It can sometimes have weeping branches. It is mostly known, though, because it is one of the most popular and suitable species for Bonsai cultivation.
Adult 20 m
JAPAN
Medium 10 m
Young 5m
16. Japanese White Pine ( Pinus parviflora )
XfrogPlants
17.
Kanzan Cherry
JAPAN
( Prunus serrulata var. Kanzan )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Japan Environment : Hills and mountains Climate : Temperate Japanese Name : Kanzan Notes :
It is probable that the Kanzan cherry is a garden hybrid of two popular Japanese wild cherries, Hill Cherry and Oshima Cherry. Kanzan is surely the most appreciated species for urban decoration, thanks to the spectacular blooming. Several cultivars of it exist, with varied blossoms.
Adult 10.5 m
XfrogPlants
JAPAN
Medium 6.5 m
17. Kanzan Cherry ( Prunus serrulata var. Kanzan )
Young 3.5 m
XfrogPlants
18.
Yoshino Cherry
JAPAN
( Prunus x yedoensis )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Japan Environment : Mixed forests with other Prunus species Climate : Temperate Japanese Name : Somei-yoshino Notes :
The Yoshino Cherry has probably an ancient garden origin. The white blossoms (but subspecies exist with different colours) have an intense scent and appear at early Spring. The fruits are very sour and usually not eaten: the Yoshino Cherry is in fact mostly used for garden decoration.
Adult 10 m
XfrogPlants
JAPAN
Medium 6m
Young 4m
18. Yoshino Cherry ( Prunus x yedoensis )
XfrogPlants
19.
Northern Japanese Hemlock
JAPAN
XfrogPlants
( Tsuga diversifolia )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Northern and Central Japan Environment : Forests, mountain slopes Climate : Cool, cold Japanese Name : Kometsuga Notes :
This conifer can grow as a relatively tall tree in the wild, but in cultivations it can grow as a shrub. It is also know as “Rice tree” because the under side of leaves has a tiny white band. It is extremely cold-resistant and therefore planted as decorative essence in cold cities (such as Moscow).
Adult 24 m
JAPAN
Young 4m
Medium 13 m
19. Northern Japanese Hemlock ( Tsuga diversifolia )
XfrogPlants
20.
Japanese Zelkova
JAPAN
( Zelkova serrata )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Japan, China, Korea Environment : Along streams, on moist soil Climate : Temperate Japanese Name : Keyaki Notes :
Zelkovae are often planted as substitutes for Elms (decimated by graphiosis), and in fact they are Ulmaceae too. The Japanese Zelkova can become a tall, spectacular tree; it is shade-tolerant and doesn’t need special care. The bark changes with age, from smooth to shaggy and rough.
Adult 33 m
XfrogPlants
JAPAN
Medium 14.5 m
Young 4m
20. Japanese Zelkova ( Zelkova serrata )
XfrogPlants
XfrogPlants | Landscaping
Golden Oriental Arborvitae Boxwood
XfrogPlants LANDSCAPING Contents : 180 3D Models in: Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, .3DS and .XFR formats XFR can be edited with Xfrog 3.5 software (Purchased Separately) With Xfrog 3.5 Procedural Software, easily create your very own variations of Growth, Branching, Add or Reduce Model Complexity, and much more. 180 1600 x 1600, Billboard Renders 180 1600 x 1600, Perspective Renders Xfrog Software and Models: Xfrog User Group:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/Xfrog
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures, are copyright: © 2001 - 2010 Xfrog Inc Tel. 310 933 5949 Support3@xfrog.com All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business. If you wish to further distribute the content, e.g. models, textures, or derivative models, or model parts, inside a game title; or use the library in any multi-user context; please contact us for distribution licensing.
XfrogPlants Development : Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Rendering
Peter Fantke: Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
01. Norway Maple ( Acer platanoides )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Tree, deciduous broadleaf, broad columnar Height : in urban landscape use, around 5 to 10 m. Origin : Europe Environment : forests, from sea level to 1200 m. altitude Climate : mild, temperate, cool Notes :
Norway Maple is a popular choice for urban decoration around the world, especially for medium-sized streets and small parks. The Autumn colours are intense and varied. It is chosen as urban decoration because of it’s tolerance for air pollution in big cities. In the USA it has become an infesting species, because it takes the place of native essences.
Variation 4 3.41 m Pruned, spherical
Variation 8 5.99 m Heavily pruned, cubic
Variation 9 6.39 m Heavily pruned, cubic
Variation 7 5.25 m Heavily pruned, cubic
Variation 6 5.66 m Slightly pruned, oval
01. Norway Maple ( Acer platanoides )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Variation 3 3.34 m Pruned, oval
Variation 5 3.57 m Pruned, spherical (older)
Variation 1 2.52 m Pruned, oval Variation 2 2.89 m Pruned, oval
01. Norway Maple ( Acer platanoides )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
02. Boxwood ( Buxus sempervirens )
LANDSCAPING
Tree/Shrub, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 4-5 m Origin : Mediterranean Environment : dry rocky sites, on calcareous soil Climate : warm, temperate Notes :
The Boxwood is a small tree or shrub native to the Mediterranean regions. In ancient Greece it used to be sacred to Ades, the infernal God, who protected the evergreen plants because they symbolized the ongoing life through the infernal season (the Winter). Today, the Boxwood has reached worldwide success as urban decoration species because of the dense foliage and exceptional tolerance to repeated pruning and shaping. Recently, creative gardeners have started to give birth also to unusual shapes such as those of animals.
Variation 6 1.08 m abstract
xfrogplants
Variation 8 3.25 m giraffe
Variation 9 0.9 m cartoon bunny
Variation 7 1.11 m abstract
02. Boxwood ( Buxus sempervirens )
Variation 5 0.64 Upside down pyramid
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Variation 3 1.10 m oval
Variation 4 1.12 m conical
Variation 1 1.34 m Spiralled, old cut
Variation 2 1.35 m Spiralled, fresh cut
02. Boxwood ( Buxus sempervirens )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
03. Boxwood, hedges ( Buxus sempervirens )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Tree/Shrub, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 4-5 m Origin : Mediterranean Environment : dry rocky sites, on calcareous soil Climate : warm, temperate Notes :
The most popular use of Boxwood in urban decoration and topiary art, is to create hedges. The high density of the branches and leaves allows the expert gardeners to create almost any shape with a solid appearance. For this reason, the Boxwood has become the most important plant for the creation of Italian-style gardens. The wood of Boxwood is one of the hardest existing and is used industrially for many types of woodwork.
Variation 6 1.1 m Box, 2.03 x 0.85 m
Variation 9 1.1 m Box (curved) 2.65 x 3.35 m Variation 8 1.1 m Box (waved depth) 3.10 x 0.85 to 1.05 m
Variation 5 1.1 m Box, 2.03 x 0.85 m
Variation 7 1.1 m Box (waved top) 2.30 x 0.85 m
03. Boxwood, hedges ( Buxus sempervirens )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Variation 3 1.1 m S-Shape, 3.60 x 2.10 m
Variation 4 1.1 m Box, 1.20 x 0.85 m
Variation 1 1.1 m Half circle, 3 m Variation 2 1.1 m Half circle, 3 m
03. Boxwood, hedges ( Buxus sempervirens )
ø
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
ø
04. Golden-leaved Boxwood
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
( Buxus sempervirens var. Aureomarginata) Tree/Shrub, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 4-5 m Origin : Mediterranean Environment : dry rocky sites, on calcareous soil Climate : warm, temperate Notes :
This with the golden edged leaves is one of the several decorative cultivars derived from the wild species. Gardeners have to give special care and frequent pruning to this subspecies, because, if let grow freely and without selective pruning, the golden leaves will progressively disappear, giving room to the normal leaves, whose genes are dominant.
Variation 4 1.13 m Box with oval on top 1.0 w 0.6 d
Variation 8 0.6 m Box (cylinder-bulged) 2.0 w, 0.5 to 1.0 d
Variation 9 0.6 m Box, 2.1 w 1.0 d
Variation 7 0.6 m Box, 2.1 w 0.5 d
Variation 6 0.6 m Box, 1.0 w 1.0 d
04. Golden-leaved Boxwood ( Buxus sempervirens var. Aureomarginata ) LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Variation 5 0.6 m Box (widening) 1.0 w, 0.5 to 1.0 d
Variation 3 0.6 m Box (cylinder-bulged) 1.0 w, 0.5 to 1.0 d
Variation 1 0.6 m Box, 0.5 w 0.5 d
Variation 2 0.6 m Box, 1.0 w 0.5 d
04. Golden-leaved Boxwood ( Buxus sempervirens var. Aureomarginata ) LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
05. European Hornbeam,
hedges
( Carpinus betulus )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Tree, deciduous broadleaf, broad spreading Height : variable (as hedge) Origin : Central and Eastern Europe Environment : mixed forests; on deep, fertile soils Climate : temperate Notes :
The European Hornbeam is a medium sized tree, but in the countryside of the native areas, it is often found in the young, shrubby form, because it is rarely allowed to grow old and tall. It is a species that is hardy and rustic, and resists well to pollution and to pruning. For this reason, it is sometimes used for urban decoration also today, although it’s period of maximum popularity was in the 19th century. Here the species is presented as hedges, created by gardeners using the often multibranching structure of the young exemplars.
Variation 9 3.55 m Box, 3.1 w 1.0 d
Variation 7 3.50 m Box, 2.0 w 2.0 d
Variation 8 3.55 m Box, 2.1 w 1.9 d
Variation 5 1.60 m Box, 2.0 w 1.0 d
Variation 6 3.50 m Box, 2.0 w 1.0 d
05. European Hornbeam, hedges ( Carpinus betulus )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Variation 3 1.80 m Box, 2.3 w 1.3 d
Variation 4 1.80 m Box, 2.3 w 1.3 d
Variation 2 1.80 m Box, 2.3 w 1.1 d Variation 1 1.71 m Box, 2.2 w 1.1 d
05. European Hornbeam, hedges ( Carpinus betulus )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
06. European Hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus )
LANDSCAPING
Tree, deciduous broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 20 m (wild), typically under 10 m in cities Origin : Central and Eastern Europe Environment : mixed forests; on deep, fertile soils Climate : temperate Notes :
The Latin name Carpinus comes from two Celtic words, “car” meaning wood, and “pin” meaning head. The reason is that in the past, the wood from this tree was used to build the yokes. It’s tolerance towards pruning makes it ideal for urban decoration. The life span of this species is relatively short (150 years of average life). It’s native range covers most Europe, except for Spain and for the lands north of Wales.
Variation 3 3.60 Narrow conical
xfrogplants
Variation 8 5.50 Narrow oval
Variation 9 5.50 Narrow cylindrical
Variation 6 4.85 Narrow oval
Variation 7 4.80 Narrow cubic
06. European Hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Variation 4 4.40 Narrow conical
Variation 5 4.45 Broad conical or oval
Variation 1 2.50 Sphere on trunk, lollipop
Variation 2 2.90 Sphere on trunk, lollipop
06. European Hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
07. False Cypress,
bushes
( Chamaecyparis sp. )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Tree, evergreen conifer, narrow conical Height : up to 30 m. (outside native areas up to 20 m.) Origin : Western Hemisphere Environment : mountain sides and hills, on fresh soil Climate : mild, temperate Notes :
False-cypresses are a genus of trees that are native of the Northern Hemisphere. They are found (with different species) in Western North America and in Eastern Asia (Japan, China). It’s a tree that loves oceanic climate, with moderate temperatures all around the year. There are species of this tree that grow as shrubs, and are used in garden decoration to create bushes and edges, which look rich in foliage thanks to the dense evergreen crown.
Variation 3 1.70 Three intricate spheres
Variation 8 1.65 Animal (Dolphin)
Variation 9 3.12 Animal (Giraffe)
Variation 6 2.56 Spiral
Variation 7 1.99 Cone
07. False Cypress, bushes ( Chamaecyparis sp. )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Variation 5 1.97 Pyramid
Variation 4 1.50 Four spheres
Variation 1 0.90 oval
Variation 2 1.41 sphere
07. False Cypress, bushes ( Chamaecyparis sp. )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
08. False Cypress,
hedges
( Chamaecyparis sp. )
LANDSCAPING
Tree, evergreen conifer, narrow conical Height : up to 30 m. (outside native areas up to 20 m.) Origin : Western Hemisphere Environment : mountain sides and hills, on fresh soil Climate : mild, temperate Notes :
These species are called “false cypresses” because in spite of their look, they do not belong to the Cupressus genus, although they are part of the larger Cupressaceae family. They are mostly coastal species, but can adapt also to inland climates as long as the thermal excursion is not too strong. They become resistant to frost only when they are well grown and established adults. The timber is of high quality and it’s used for works where the reliability and solidity are important for safety.
Variation 6 2.10 m Box (round top) 2.20 w 1.30 d
xfrogplants
Variation 8 1.90 m Box (round long tapered top) 1.30 w 1.30 d
Variation 9 1.90 m Box (round long tapered top) 2.20 w 1.30 d
Variation 5 2.10 m Box (round top) 1.30 w 1.30 d
Variation 7 1.90 m Box (turn right, round top) 2.20 w 2.20 d
08. False Cypress, hedges ( Chamaecyparis sp. )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Variation 3 2.10 m Box (turn left) 2.30 w 2.20 d
Variation 4 2.10 m Box (turn right) 2.30 w 2.20 d
Variation 1 2.10 m Box, 1.30 w 1.30 d
Variation 2 2.10 m Box, 2.40 w 1.30 d
08. False Cypress, hedges ( Chamaecyparis sp. )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
09. Allumii False Cypress ( Chamaecyparis allumii )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Tree, evergreen conifer, narrow conical Height : up to 30 m. (outside native areas up to 20 m.) Origin : Western Hemisphere Environment : mountain sides and hills, on fresh soil Climate : mild, temperate Notes :
The Allumii False-Cypress is a decorative variety of Chamaecyparis that features blue-gray leaves. The growth and environmental characteristics are the same of the main Chamaecyparis species. It does not require particular care and can be pruned at wish.
Variation 4 1.70 m Box, 2.30 w 1.05 d
Variation 8 1.41 m Row of three ovals
Variation 9 1.40 m Row of three ovals
Variation 7 1.83 m Row of five ovals Variation 6 1.77 m Row of five ovals
09. Allumii False Cypress ( Chamaecyparis allumii )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Variation 3 1.65 m Box, 2.30 w 1.05 d
Variation 5 1.60 m Oval
Variation 1 0.90 m Box, 2.30 w 1.05 d Variation 2 0.90 m Box, 2.30 w 1.05 d
09. Allumii False Cypress ( Chamaecyparis allumii )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
10. Spindles ( Euonymus sp. )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 12 m Origin : worldwide Environment : forest edges, on deep fertile soil Climate : temperate Notes :
The Euonymus genus features several species that grow worldwide, although in most part in the temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere. The European species are taller and looking more like small trees, while the Asian species are smaller and with a shrub aspect. The wood of Euonymus was traditionally used to make spindles, hence the common name. All parts of the Euonymus plants are poisonous to humans, while they are an important food source for birds.
Variation 3 1.46 m Bush, hemisphere (dense)
Variation 8 1.86 m Bush, oval (tilted, dense)
Variation 9 2.39 m Bush, oval (slightly tilted, sparse)
Variation 6 1.71 m Bush, oval
Variation 7 1.81 m Bush, oval (slightly tilted, sparse)
10. Spindles ( Euonymus sp. )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Variation 4 1.58 m Bush, hemisphere (tilted to side, dense)
Variation 5 1.78 m Bush, hemisphere (tilted to side)
Variation 1 1.22 m Bush, hemisphere
Variation 2 1.58 m Bush, hemisphere
10. Spindles ( Euonymus sp. )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
11. Hibiscus ( Hibiscus sp. )
LANDSCAPING
Shrub/Tree, broadleaf deciduous, broad spreading Height : up to 10 m. (much lower in cultivation) Origin : unknown (probably South of China) Environment : native environment unknown Climate : temperate Notes :
The Hibiscus is a small tree or shrub of Asian origin. It is not known anymore in it’s wild state. The species has been used for centuries if not even thousands of years as a gardening species in the Eastern Asia for the beauty of it’s flowering. Today is it popular worldwide as it decorates the homes and gardens all over the world. It is produced in a variety of flower colours and there is even a multicoloured species.
Variation 3 1.45 m Sphere, orange blossoms
xfrogplants
Variation 8 1.15 m Box, white blossoms 1.30 w 0.95 d
Variation 9 1.15 m Box, white blossoms 1.30 w 0.95 d
Variation 6 1.75 m Shrub, white blossoms
Variation 7 2.39 m Shrub, white blossoms
11. Hibiscus ( Hibiscus sp. )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Variation 4 1.66 m Shrubby, orange blossoms
Variation 5 1.76 m Shrubby, white blossoms
Variation 1 1.15 m Sphere Variation 2 1.45 m Sphere
11. Hibiscus ( Hibiscus sp. )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
12. Forsythia ( Forsythia sp. )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Shrub, deciduous broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 4 m Origin : China Environment : in full sun; on any type of fresh soil Climate : warm, temperate; it endures frosty winters Notes :
Forsythia became known to the western world in the XVIII century. It was named in honor of William Forysth, director of the Chelsea Physic Garden. It has soon become a very popular gardening species because of it’s spectacular yellow flowering, which is one of the earliest and announces the arrival of Spring. It can and should be pruned often to encourage a bushy habit and to increase the production of flowers.
Variation 3 1.71 m Bush, oval (dense)
Variation 8 2.05 m Bush, box (2.00 w 1.00 d)
Variation 9 2.05 m Bush, box (2.00 w 1.00 d)
Variation 6 1.27 m Bush, cylindrical (sparse)
Variation 7 1.48 m Bush, box
12. Forsythia ( Forsythia sp. )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Variation 4 1.55 m Bush, cylindrical
Variation 5 1.21 m Bush, oval (tilted)
Variation 1 1.21 m Bush, oval
Variation 2 1.37 m Bush, oval
12. Forsythia ( Forsythia sp. )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
13. Golden Privet ( Ligustrum ovalifolium var. Aureum )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Shrub, semi-evergreen broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 4 m Origin : Japan Environment : open forests, thickets; in full or partial sun Climate : temperate Notes :
The Golden Privet is a semi-evergreen species, meaning that it usually keeps it’s green foliage all over the year, but during severely cold winters, or along the coasts, it can lose part of all of it’s foliage in the winter season. The species is much appreciated in gardening because it endures pruning well and the colour of the leaves is very showy. The species is toxic for humans and can cause health problems if ingested.
Variation 3 0.80 m Bush, box (turned left) 1.15 w 1.15 d
Variation 9 0.80 to 2.20 m Bush, box (1.30 w 0.60 d)
Variation 8 0.80 m Bush, box (2.30 w 0.60 d)
Variation 6 0.80 m Bush, box (1.30 w 0.60 d)
Variation 7 0.80 m Bush, box (2.10 w 0.60 d)
13. Golden Privet ( Ligustrum ovalifolium var. Aureum )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Variation 4 0.80 m Bush, box (0.70 w 0.60 d)
Variation 5 0.80 m Bush, box (1.30 w 0.60 d)
Variation 1 0.75 m Bush, oval
Variation 2 0.80 m Bush, box (turned right) 1.15 w 1.15 d
13. Golden Privet ( Ligustrum ovalifolium var. Aureum )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
14. Common Privet ( Ligustrum vulgare )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Shrub, evergreen broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 3 m Origin : Mediterranean Environment : Mediterranean maquis and scrubland;
in full sun Climate : warm, temperate
Notes :
The Common Privet is one of the most diffused shrubby species of the Mediterranean maquis and scrubland, especially in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean. It thrives in the full sun. The name “Ligustrum” comes from the habit of Mediterranean populations to use the flexible branches to bind (“ligare” in Latin) things. In spite of the Southern origin it is a frost-resistant species and is widely used today all over the world for gardening as it makes excellent and good looking hedges and bushes.
Variation 5 2.67 m Arc (2.50 w 1.40 d)
Variation 8 1.75 m Box (1.50 w 1.40 d)
Variation 9 1.75 m Box (1.50 w 1.40 d)
Variation 7 2.20 m Box wave (2.50 w 1.40 d)
14. Common Privet ( Ligustrum vulgare )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Variation 6 2.20 m Box wave (2.50 w 1.40 d)
Variation 3 1.80 m One sphere (twisted)
Variation 4 1.90 m Oval Variation 1 1.30 m Five spheres
Variation 2 1.80 m Two spheres (twisted)
14. Common Privet ( Ligustrum vulgare )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
15. American Planetree ( Platanus occidentalis )
LANDSCAPING
Tree, deciduous broadleaf, broad columnar Height : up to 40 m. (more commonly up to 30 m.) Origin : Eastern and Central North America Environment : river valleys; on wet soils Climate : warm, temperate; moderately humid Notes :
The American Planetree is a majestic tree that is often found on humid areas in the plains and valleys of North America, especially in the East and Central regions. It loves wet, even sometimes swampy soils. Due to the resistance to atmospheric pollution and to the endurance of severe pruning, it has become a very popular urban decoration species, today diffused also in the Southern America. Variation 3 7.32 m Sphere, lollipop
xfrogplants
Variation 8 4.90 m Canopy
Variation 9 5.46 m Canopy
Variation 6 9.50 m Heavily pruned
Variation 7 8.82 m Canopy
15. American Planetree ( Platanus occidentalis )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Variation 4 7.37 m Oval Variation 5 5.87 m Canopy
Variation 1 3.24 m Sphere, lollipop Variation 2 4.15 m Sphere, lollipop
15. American Planetree ( Platanus occidentalis )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
16. Cherry Laurel ( Prunus laurocerasus )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Shrub/Tree, evergreen broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 10 m. Origin : Eastern Europe, Western Asia Environment : plains and hill forests, in full or partial sun Climate : mild Notes :
The Cherry Laurel is the most popular hedge species in many parts of Europe, but it is now enjoying a large popularity worldwide, due to it’s ability to endure even the most severe pruning. It is a rustic species native of temperate mild areas but which can also stand night frost in the winter. All parts of the plant are deadly toxic for humans because they contain Prussic acid. Birds, instead, are able to eat safely the abundant fruits.
Variation 5 1.72 m Hedge, row of four (slightly pruned) 3.00 w 1.30 d
Variation 8 3.44 m Shrubby (slightly pruned)
Variation 9 3.46 m Shrubby (pruned)
Variation 6 1.70 m Hedge, row of five (pruned) 3.40 w 1.25 d
Variation 7 1.72 m Hedge, row of four (slightly pruned) 2.65 w 1.00 d
16. Cherry Laurel ( Prunus laurocerasus )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Variation 3 1.50 m Shrub (pruned)
Variation 4 1.50 m Shrub (pruned)
Variation 2 1.28 m Shrub (young) Variation 1 0.75 m Shrub (young)
16. Cherry Laurel ( Prunus laurocerasus )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
17. English Yew ( Taxus baccata )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Tree/Shrub, evergreen conifer, broad conical Height : up to 15 m. Origin : Northern Africa, Southeast of Europe Environment : in the shade of broadleaf forests;
on calcareous soil Climate : mild
Notes :
In spite of the name, the English Yew is a Southern European tree, which can also be found on the Northern coasts of Africa. It is so poisonous that the Romans called it the “death tree” and used it as decoration for the funerals. It is edible for horses and cows. It is an ancient species which dates back to the Tertiary Era. It has a long life (more than 1500 years) . It is appreciated in urban decoration and topiary art because it endures pruning well. Variation 3 1.87 m Oval (pruned)
Variation 8 6.15 m Shrubby, group of three (tilted, slightly pruned)
Variation 9 6.13 m Shrubby, group of two (tilted, slightly pruned) Variation 6 2.75 m Cylinder (pruned) Variation 7 4.50 m Shrubby, group of two (slightly pruned)
17. English Yew ( Taxus baccata )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Variation 4 1.20 m Flat pancake (pruned) Ø 2.00 m
Variation 1 1.31 m Sphere (pruned) Variation 5 2.50 m Oval (pruned)
Variation 2 1.40 m Oval (pruned)
17. English Yew ( Taxus baccata )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
18. Western Red Cedar ( Thuja plicata )
LANDSCAPING
Tree, evergreen conifer, narrow conical Height : up to 30 m. Origin : Northwest of North America Environment : mountains, on fresh soils Climate : cool, cold Notes :
The Western Red Cedar is not a real Cedar but a member of the Cupressaceae family. It thrives in snowy winters and cool humid summers. The waterproof timber was used by Native Americans to build canoes and totems. It is popular in city parks for the majestic look. In spite of the attitude to grow big and tall, gardeners also prune it to shape low sized hedges, due to the ability of the plant to resist severe pruning.
Variation 7 2.10 to 1.15 m Box (2.10 w 1.30 d)
xfrogplants
Variation 8 2.10 m Box (2.20 w 1.30 d)
Variation 9 2.10 m Box (2.20 w 1.30 d)
Variation 6 2.10 m Box (2.20 w 1.30 d)
Variation 5 2.10 m Box with wave (2.10 w 1.30 d)
18. Western Red Cedar ( Thuja plicata )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Variation 3 1.15 m Box (2.10 w 1.30 d) Variation 4 1.48 m Box with wave (2.10 w 1.30 d)
Variation 2 1.15 m Box (2.10 w 1.30 d)
18. Western Red Cedar ( Thuja plicata )
Variation 1 1.15 m Box (2.10 w 1.30 d)
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
19. Golden Oriental Arborvitae
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
( Thuja orientalis var. Aurea ) Perennial plant Height : up to 6 m. Origin : Asia Environment : in full sun; on most types of soil Climate : cool, temperate Notes :
The Golden Oriental Arborvitae is a very popular shrub for gardens because it can survive well on its own, with little or no care by the owner. It thrives in sunny positions. Cones form as the shrub matures. It can be used stand alone, or in a row to create screens or hedges. Variation 3 1.79 m Hemispheres and discs (pruned)
Variation 9 5.52 m Narrow oval (pruned)
Variation 8 5.52 m Narrow cone (pruned)
Variation 6 2.15 m Cogwheel (pruned)
Variation 7 4.01 m Cone (pruned)
19. Golden Oriental Arborvitae ( Thuja orientalis var. Aurea )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Variation 4 1.95 m Cone (pruned)
Variation 5 2.15 m Cylinder (pruned)
Variation 2 1.61 m Three spheres (pruned) Variation 1 1.58 m Flat pancake (pruned) ø 4.40 m
19. Golden Oriental Arborvitae ( Thuja orientalis var. Aurea )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
20. Lesser Periwinkle ( Vinca minor )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Herbaceous plant, perennial Height : up to 4-5 m. Origin : Mediterranean Environment : groundcover in the shade of forests Climate : warm, mild, temperate Notes :
The Lesser Periwinkle is a creeping low plant native of the Mediterranean area. It grows as ground species of warm and mild temperate forests, where it literally covers the ground, but it can be found also at the edge of the roads. Its leaves and flowers are symbols of truthfulness, friendship, and remembrance. It was also popular as symbol of virginity. Today it is used extensively in gardening to create flowerbeds.
Variation 1 Ø 0.80 Purple (cluster)
Variation 9 Ø 0.85 Purple (cluster) (oriented, hanging)
Variation 8 Ø 1.85 Purple (cluster, dense)
Variation 7 Ø 1.70 Purple (cluster)
20. Lesser Periwinkle ( Vinca minor )
Variation 6 Ø 1.40 Mixed (cluster, oriented)
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
Variation 4 Ø 0.90 Purple (cluster, oriented)
Variation 5 Ø 1.11 White (cluster, oriented)
Variation 2 Ø 0.92 Purple (cluster)
Variation 3 Ø 1.22 Purple (cluster)
20. Lesser Periwinkle ( Vinca minor )
LANDSCAPING
xfrogplants
XfrogPlants | Mediterranean
XfrogPlants MEDITERRANEAN Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2014 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
01.
Atlas Cedar
MEDITERRANEAN
( Cedrus atlantica )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Morocco Environment : Mountains and hills, on well-drained soil Climate : Warm, mild, temperate Notes :
Highly decorative conifer, distinguishable from the other cedars because it’s branches often point upwards. Often used in urban decoration, especially in it’s “Glauca” variety. The Atlas Cedar is fairly cold-tolerant, but it is not frost-resistant. It can grow well in different environments, as long as it is on deep soil.
Adult 52 m
XfrogPlants
MEDITERRANEAN
Medium 20 m
Young 4.5 m
01. Atlas Cedar ( Cedrus atlantica )
XfrogPlants
02.
Lebanon Cedar
MEDITERRANEAN
( Cedrus libani )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Lebanon Environment : Low mountains and hills, on fertile well-drained soil Climate : Mild, warm, temperate Notes :
Highly decorative conifer, distinguishable from the other cedars because of big vertical main branches and the almost flat secondary branches. Often used in urban decoration. The Lebanon Cedar does not tolerate prolonged cold and frost, and is also stagnation-intolerant. It has a slower growth compared to the other cedars.
Adult 40 m
XfrogPlants
MEDITERRANEAN
Young 5m
Medium 21 m
02. Lebanon Cedar ( Cedrus libani )
XfrogPlants
03.
Judas Tree
MEDITERRANEAN
( Cercis siliquastrum )
Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Whole Mediterranean area Environment : Forests, on calcareous soils, up to 400 m. Climate : Warm, mild, temperate Bloom : April Notes :
Here shown in it’s gorgeous springtime bloom, the Judas tree is often found in urban parks and gardens. The legend says that Judah hanged himself to this tree after having betrayed Jesus Christ, and the popular belief indicate this as the reason why the blossoms are of a blood-like colour. Also known as Redbud.
Adult 10.5 m
XfrogPlants
MEDITERRANEAN
Medium 6.5 m
03. Judas Tree ( Cercis siliquastrum )
Young 4.5 m
XfrogPlants
04.
Mediterranean Fan Palm
MEDITERRANEAN
( Chamaerops humilis )
Palm Origin : Southwest Mediterranean Environment : Sea coasts, hinterland only in the warmer areas Climate : Warm and dry
Notes :
This palm is often found as a thick shrub, with an height of about 2-3 meters. Only occasionally it can grow higher up to 7 meters, and that’s when it’s trunk becomes really visible. It is one of the only two native Mediterranean palms.
Adult 4m
XfrogPlants
MEDITERRANEAN
XfrogPlants
Young 1m
Medium 3m
Adult 11 m
04. Mediterranean Fan Palm ( Chamaerops humilis )
05.
Italian Cypress
MEDITERRANEAN
( Cupressus sempervirens )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow columnar Origin : Central and East Mediterranean Environment : Forests, from sea level up to 1,000 m. Climate : Warm, with dry summers and mild winters Notes :
A “trademark” of Tuscany landscape, the Italian Cypress is frost-intolerant. Cyparissus was a mythical boy hunter whose best friend was a deer. One day he killed his friend by mistake and prayed Apollo to let his tears forever fall, so the pitiful god turned him into this tree and his tears into resin. Since then, the Italian Cypress evokes a feeling of sadness.
Adult 30 m
XfrogPlants
MEDITERRANEAN
Medium 16 m Young 8m
05. Italian Cypress ( Cupressus sempervirens )
XfrogPlants
06.
Manna Ash
MEDITERRANEAN
( Fraxinus ornus )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central Mediterranean Environment : Open forests, from sea level up to 600 m. Climate : Warm, mild, temperate Notes :
This is the famous manna tree of biblical memory. Manna is a very sweet, edible resin obtained by making notches on the trunk in August. The Manna Ash is used in urban decoration because of the huge white, honeyscented May blooming.
Adult 25 m
XfrogPlants
MEDITERRANEAN
Medium 12.5 m
Young 4m
06. Manna Ash ( Fraxinus ornus )
XfrogPlants
07.
Prickly Juniper
MEDITERRANEAN
( Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. Macrocarpa )
Tree/Shrub, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Whole Mediterranean area Environment : Sandy coasts, forest undergrowth, on dry, arid soil Climate : Warm and dry Notes :
This particular subspecies of the Prickly Juniper can often be found growing directly on the sand of sea coasts, or in the undergrowth of Mediterranean pine forests. More often found as small tree rather than shrub. It produces scented berries.
Adult 10 m
XfrogPlants
MEDITERRANEAN
XfrogPlants
Young 2.5 m
Medium 3.5 m
07. Prickly Juniper ( Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. Macrocarpa )
08.
Laurel
MEDITERRANEAN
( Laurus nobilis )
Tree/Shrub, evergreen broadleaf Shape : broad conical Origin : whole Mediterranean area Environment : humid forests, coasts and low hills Climate : warm, mild, temperate Notes :
In the ancient ages this tree was sacred to Apollo and the twigs (symbol of peace after the victory) were used to crown glorious people. According to the myth, Laurel is the tree the nymph Daphne turned into when Apollo was trying to seduce her. The aromatic leaves are often used in kitchen recipes. It is drought-intolerant.
Adult 19 m
XfrogPlants
MEDITERRANEAN
Medium 8m Young 3m
08. Laurel ( Laurus nobilis )
XfrogPlants
09.
Myrtle
MEDITERRANEAN
( Myrtus communis )
Shrub, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Shrubby, broad spreading Origin : Central and East Mediterranean Environment : Sea coasts, forest undergrowth Climate : Warm and dry Notes :
This elegant shrub, with scented white blossoms, was sacred to Venus. It is named after Myrsine, an Attic beautiful young girl killed for envy by a boy whom she beat at a race, and turned into this evergreen shrub by the pitiful Pallas. A liquor is made with the strongly aromatic leaves. It is cold-intolerant.
Adult 5m
XfrogPlants
MEDITERRANEAN
Medium 2.5 m
Young 1.5 m
09. Myrtle ( Myrtus communis )
XfrogPlants
10.
Oleander
MEDITERRANEAN
( Nerium oleander )
Tree/Shrub, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central Mediterranean (Southern Italy, Greece) Environment : Near waters (rivers, sea coasts) Climate : Warm and dry, needs water at the roots Bloom : June - September Notes :
The undisputed protagonist of the Mediterranean landscape along the rivers, with it’s spectacular pink or white blooming that lasts all summer, the Oleander can also be found next to the sea, because it is saltresistant. On the other hand, it is frost-intolerant. All of it’s parts are extremely poisonous for the heart of men and animals: even a single leaf can be lethal, if eaten.
Adult 9m
XfrogPlants
MEDITERRANEAN
Young 2m
Medium 4m
10. Oleander ( Nerium oleander )
XfrogPlants
11.
Olive
MEDITERRANEAN
( Olea europaea )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : West and Central Mediterranean (Spain, Italy, North Africa) Environment : Sea coasts and hills, on dry rocky soil Climate : Warm, with mild winters and dry summers Notes :
One of the most important trees economically, because of oil, olive trees are also spectacular because of trunks’ contorted shapes. One of the longest living trees: living exemplars exist in Palestine that are over 2,000 year old, thus older than Jesus. The Gospel says that Jesus spent his last night praying in a garden of olives.
Adult 11 m
XfrogPlants
MEDITERRANEAN
Medium 5.5 m
11. Olive ( Olea europaea )
Young 4m
XfrogPlants
12.
Aleppo Pine
MEDITERRANEAN
( Pinus halepensis )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Whole Mediterranean area Environment : Rocky sea coasts and hills, on calcareous dry rocky soil Climate : Warm, with mild humid winters and dry summers Notes :
This relatively small pine is ubiquitous on the rocky coasts of Mediterranean, where it can grow in difficult conditions and often with bending trunks because of the wind. It’s intensely scented resin is the most prized for the production of turpentine essence.
Adult 21 m
XfrogPlants
MEDITERRANEAN
Medium 11.5 m
12. Aleppo Pine ( Pinus halepensis )
Young 7m
XfrogPlants
13.
Sea Pine
MEDITERRANEAN
( Pinus pinaster )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad columnar Origin : West Mediterranean (Spain, Provence) Environment : Sandy coasts, hills up to 800 m. altitude, on acidic soil Climate : Mild, warm, temperate Notes :
In spite of the common name, of the three most important Mediterranean pines, the Sea Pine is the one that is less often found on the coasts, growing mainly on the hinterland hills. It is planted by man on the coasts, though, because it is a sturdy species that stands salt well.
Adult 35 m
XfrogPlants
MEDITERRANEAN
Medium 19 m
Young 10 m
13. Sea Pine ( Pinus pinaster )
XfrogPlants
14.
Italian Stone Pine
MEDITERRANEAN
( Pinus pinea )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Whole Mediterranean area Environment : Sea coasts, coastal forests, never above 600 m. Climate : Warm, with dry summers and mild winters Notes :
The truest sea pine of Mediterranean, a tall elegant tree that grows only rarely in the hinterland. Unmistakeable are it’s umbrella-shaped crown and the bark’s orange and white plates. Seeds are edible and sought-after. The coastal forests of the Italian Stone Pine are very luminous and host many species in the underwood.
Adult 30 m
XfrogPlants
MEDITERRANEAN
Medium 14 m Young 7.5 m
14. Italian Stone Pine ( Pinus pinea )
XfrogPlants
15.
Lentisk
MEDITERRANEAN
XfrogPlants
( Pistacia lentiscus )
Tree/Shrub, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Shrubby, broad spreading Origin : Whole Mediterranean area Environment : Mediterranean scrub (maquis), beach edges, on dry sandy soil Climate : Warm, with dry summers and mild winters Notes :
This shrub (rarely small tree) dominates the Mediterranean scrub, that covers the coasts immediately after the sandy areas and until the first arboreal formations. It has balsamic properties and is used for the production of oil. The leaves are also used for the production of tannin. The resin is used for the production of varnish.
Adult 6.5 m
MEDITERRANEAN
Medium 4m
Young 2.5 m
15. Lentisk ( Pistacia lentiscus )
XfrogPlants
16.
Turkey Oak
MEDITERRANEAN
XfrogPlants
( Quercus cerris )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Central and East Mediterranean (Italy, Greece, Turkey) Environment : Forests, sea level up to 800 m., on deep, fresh acidic soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
Widely diffused tree, the Turkey Oak can be found in pure woods or in mixed woods together with other Mediterranean oaks, from which it is easily distinguishable because of the peculiar leaves and acorns. It prefers humid soils and likes the sunlight. It does not tolerate intense cold.
Adult 39 m
MEDITERRANEAN
Medium 17.5 m
Young 3m
16. Turkey Oak ( Quercus cerris )
XfrogPlants
17.
Holm Oak
MEDITERRANEAN
( Quercus ilex )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Whole Mediterranean area Environment : Coastal woods, up to (and rarely above) 600 m. Climate : Warm, with mild winters and dry summers Notes :
Also known as Evergreen Oak, Quercus ilex used to be the king of Mediterranean landscape, but it’s dominance is today reduced because of fires (the slow growth of this species being the problem with reafforestation). Often used for urban decoration for it’s beautiful shape and peculiar dark leaves, that cast a deep and cool shadow.
Adult 26.5 m
XfrogPlants
MEDITERRANEAN
Young 2.5 m
Medium 10 m
17. Holm Oak ( Quercus ilex )
XfrogPlants
18.
Cork Oak
MEDITERRANEAN
XfrogPlants
( Quercus suber )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : West and Central Mediterranean (Spain, Italy, North Africa) Environment : Forests, sea level up to 1000 m., on acidic soil Climate : Warm and dry Notes :
Found in pure forests or mixed with Evergreen Oak, Turkey Oak, and Italian Stone Pine. As it’s name implies, the Cork Oak is the tree whose bark is used for the production of natural cork. It is therefore cultivated in plantations, but only where the climate is warm, because it does not tolerate cold.
Adult 22 m
MEDITERRANEAN
Medium 11 m
Young 6m
18. Cork Oak ( Quercus suber )
XfrogPlants
19.
Spanish Broom
MEDITERRANEAN
( Spartium junceum )
Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Shrubby, broad spreading Origin : West Mediterranean (Spain, Western Italy) Environment : Steep hillsides, on poor, dry rocky soil Climate : Mild, warm, temperate Bloom : June Notes :
This beautiful shrub is very frugal and often grows where no other vegetation species can, even on the petrified volcanic lava. Because of it’s beautiful yellow blooming in spring, it is also used for urban decoration.
Adult 4m
XfrogPlants
MEDITERRANEAN
XfrogPlants
Young 1m
Medium 2m
19. Spanish Broom ( Spartium junceum )
20.
French Tamarisk
MEDITERRANEAN
( Tamarix gallica )
Tree/Shrub, semi-persistent broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : West Mediterranean
(Spain, Provence, West coasts of Italy) Environment : Sea coasts, sandy dunes, river beds Climate : Warm, with mild humid winters
Notes :
This frugal tree can grow on poor rocky soils but needs humidity and warmth. Often a first choice for decoration of coastal cities because it stands salt very well and produces a beautiful deep rose blooming in early springtime. It can grow as a shrub.
Adult 11 m
XfrogPlants
MEDITERRANEAN
XfrogPlants
Young 2m
Medium 4m
20. French Tamarisk ( Tamarix gallica )
XfrogPlants | Oceania 1
New Zealand Cabbage Tree
New Zealand Flax
XfrogPlants OCEANIA 1 Contents : 180 3D Models in: Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, .3DS and .XFR formats XFR can be edited with Xfrog 3.5 software (Purchased Separately) With Xfrog 3.5 Procedural Software, easily create your very own variations of Growth, Branching, Add or Reduce Model Complexity, and much more. 180 1600 x 1600, Billboard Renders 180 1600 x 1600, Perspective Renders Xfrog Software and Models: Xfrog User Group:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/Xfrog
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures, are copyright: © 2001 - 2010 Xfrog Inc Tel. 310 933 5949 Support3@xfrog.com All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business. If you wish to further distribute the content, e.g. models, textures, or derivative models, or model parts, inside a game title; or use the library in any multi-user context; please contact us for distribution licensing.
XfrogPlants Development : Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Rendering
Peter Fantke: Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
01. Silver Wattle ( Acacia dealbata )
OCEANIA 1
xfrogplants
Tree/Shrub, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 15 m. (normally 8 m.) Origin : Tasmania Environment : on acidic, fresh well drained soils, in full sun Climate : warm, temperate; frost-intolerant Notes :
Native of Tasmania, this species is today widespread all over the world due to his excellent ornamental qualities and the fast growth. In temperate climates it needs protection from the winter cold. The flowers are famous because they have become the symbol for the International Women’s Day. It is a good furniture species. The bark is used for the production of tannin.
Variation 6 5m flowering
Variation 8 6m part flowering
Variation 9 8m flowering
Variation 5 4,5 m flowering
Variation 7 5m
01. Silver Wattle ( Acacia dealbata )
OCEANIA 1
xfrogplants
Variation 3 3.5 m flowering
Variation 4 4m flowering
Variation 1 2,5 m
Variation 2 3m flowering
01. Silver Wattle ( Acacia dealbata )
OCEANIA 1
xfrogplants
02. Koa ( Acacia koa )
OCEANIA 1
xfrogplants
Tree, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 18 m in cultivation, taller when growing old Origin : Hawai’i (Hawai’i, Maui, Oahu) Environment : dry to wet forests,
from 70 to 2300 m altitude Climate : warm, temperate
Notes :
Koa is one of the fastest growing Hawaiian trees, as it can reach 20 feet in five years. However, after that, it takes 50 years to reach a commercially useful dimension, and for this reason it is not often farmed. Ancient Hawaiians used to build their canoes with the trunk of Koa. The reddish wood is today used for musical instruments, like the typical “Ukulele”. Grazing has much reduced the Koa population on the Hawaii islands, making the regeneration nearly impossible.
Variation 6 8m
Variation 9 7,5 m
Variation 8 7m
Variation 5 6,5 m flowering
Variation 7 10 m
02. Koa ( Acacia koa )
OCEANIA 1
xfrogplants
Variation 3 4,5 m
Variation 4 6m
Variation 1 2.5 m flowering
Variation 2 4m flowering
02. Koa ( Acacia koa )
OCEANIA 1
xfrogplants
03. White Kauri ( Agathis moorei )
OCEANIA 1
Tree, conifer evergreen, broad columnar Height : up to 30 m, normally 15 m Origin : New Caledonia Environment : subtropical rainforest,
from 0 to 1000 m altitude Climate : warm, temperate; humid
Notes :
The White Kauri is a big tree that grows in dense forests, on sedimentary or metamorphic rocks, dominating over the other tree species. The trunk can reach the impressive diameter of 1,5 meters or more. The White Kauri is an endangered species that is threatened by habitat loss. The timber is one of the finest in Oceania: it is used in the production of guitars especially, and it’s appreciated for the very light colour and the delicate, sweet tone.
Variation 9 30 m
xfrogplants
Variation 7 22 m
Variation 8 25 m
Variation 5 15 m Variation 6 18 m with fruits
03. White Kauri ( Agathis moorei )
OCEANIA 1
xfrogplants
Variation 3 7m with fruits
Variation 4 10 m with fruits
Variation 1 1m
Variation 2 2m
03. White Kauri ( Agathis moorei )
OCEANIA 1
xfrogplants
04. Norfolk Island Pine ( Araucaria heterophylla )
OCEANIA 1
Tree, conifer evergreen, triangular or narrow columnar Height : up to 50-65 m in forests; much smaller in cultivation
Origin : Norfolk Island Environment : coastal and inland forests;
on deep, fertile, moist sand Climate : warm, temperate; frost-intolerant; salt- and wind-resistant
Notes :
The Norfolk Island Pine is immediately recognizable even to non-experts, thanks to the distinctive appearance, with widely spread branches and a symmetrical triangular outline. The symmetric appearance is weakened or lost in the adult age. This tree, which is not a true pine, is today popular worldwide in temperate regions for garden and park decoration. It is an ideal choice for coastal cities, as it stands wind and salt extremely well, and it has recently grown in popularity as a live indoor Christmas tree.
Variation 7 15 m
xfrogplants
Variation 8 20 m
Variation 9 24 m
Variation 5 11 m
Variation 6 12 m
04. Norfolk Island Pine ( Araucaria heterophylla )
OCEANIA 1
xfrogplants
Variation 4 10 m
Variation 3 8m
Variation 1 4m
Variation 2 7m
04. Norfolk Island Pine ( Araucaria heterophylla )
OCEANIA 1
xfrogplants
05. Bird’s Nest Fern ( Asplenium nidus )
OCEANIA 1
xfrogplants
Fern, evergreen Height : 1 to 1,5 m on average Origin : Polynesia, Tropical Asia Environment : humid forests, as ground cover or on trees, over organic matter Climate : warm, temperate; humid; in full or partial shade
Notes :
This plant, as both the Latin and common English names suggest, is a species whose growth can be terrestrial or epiphytal – meaning an air plant which grows on the body of other plants, but does not derive it’s nourishment from them. When growing on trees, the plant effectively recalls a bird’s nest. It survives gathering water and humus in it’s leaf-rosette. When growing on the ground, it forms dense formations, covering ground completely. Variation 9 1,80 m epiphytic
Variation 7 0,75 m with fiddleheads Variation 8 1,80 m epiphytic
Variation 5 1,25 m
Variation 6 1,10 m
05. Bird’s Nest Fern ( Asplenium nidus )
OCEANIA 1
xfrogplants
Variation 3 2,50 m epiphytic
Variation 4 1,40 m
Variation 2 0,60 m with fiddleheads Variation 1 0,80 m
05. Bird’s Nest Fern ( Asplenium nidus )
OCEANIA 1
xfrogplants
06. Paper Mulberry ( Broussonetia papyrifera )
OCEANIA 1
xfrogplants
Tree, broadleaf deciduous, broad spreading Height : up to 10-15 m. Origin : Pacific Islands, Eastern China, Japan Environment : wild lands, on any soil,
thriving also in full shade Climate : temperate; stands well both cold and drought
Notes :
The Paper Mulberry is a very rustic tree that often colonizes wasted lands and ruined buildings or road edges. It was imported from Asia to Europe in the 18th century as ornamental plant. Because of it’s ability to adapt and grow in difficult conditions, it quickly became an invasive species. In Eastern Asia the soaked bark was used to produce paper (hence the common name). Native Fijians used the bark to make their ceremony clothes.
Variation 3 3m fruits ripe and unripe
Variation 8 7m male plant, pollarded flowering
Variation 9 9m fruits ripe and unripe
Variation 6 5m
Variation 7 5,5 m fruits ripe and unripe
06. Paper Mulberry ( Broussonetia papyrifera )
OCEANIA 1
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Variation 5 4,5 m Winter aspect Variation 4 4m unripe fruits dimorphic leaves
Variation 2 2,5 m female plant, flowering Variation 1 0,5 m dimorphic leaves
06. Paper Mulberry ( Broussonetia papyrifera )
OCEANIA 1
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07. Horsetail Casuarina ( Casuarina equisetifolia )
OCEANIA 1
Tree/shrub, evergreen, broad columnar Height : up to 35 m (but normally smaller) Origin : Pacific Islands, Southeastern Asia, Southeastern
Australia
Environment : seashores, sandy slopes, open hills, on dry, sandy calcareous soils, sometimes on volcanic soils
Climate : warm, temperate;
very tolerant of salt and of windswept locations.
Notes :
In spite of the needle-like leaves, this tree is not a conifer, in fact, it is much more similar to broadleaves. Being an excellent windbreak, Horsetail Casuarina was introduced into the coastal regions of other warm areas of the world, where it quickly became an invasive species, like in Florida. The deep digging roots can erode and split apart rocky cliffs. The wood is used for fencing and it’s also an excellent, hot burning firewood.
Variation 7 10 m
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Variation 8 12 m
Variation 9 16 m
Variation 5 6m with fruits
Variation 6 7m flowering
07. Horsetail Casuarina ( Casuarina equisetifolia )
OCEANIA 1
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Variation 3 3m flowering
Variation 4 3,5 m
Variation 1 2m
Variation 2 2,5 m with fruits
07. Horsetail Casuarina ( Casuarina equisetifolia )
OCEANIA 1
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08. New Zealand Cabbage Tree (Cordyline australis )
OCEANIA 1
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Arboreal plant Height : up to 15 m. Origin : New Zealand Environment : open fields and hill sides,
in full sun or partial shade Climate : warm, temperate; well tolerant of occasional cold conditions
Notes :
The Cabbage Tree is a monocotyledon tree-like plant of the lily family, native of New Zealand. It was a very important food source for the Maori populations, who used to eat the carrot-shaped root of the plant as their main food, called Kauru. Also the young central leaves of the bushy branch heads can be used as substitute for cabbage (hence the common name). The Cabbage Tree stands well occasional cold conditions, and for this reason is today planted as decorative plant in gardens of cooler world areas, such as England coasts. The Maori names of this plant are Tī rākau or Tī kōuka.
Variation 3 4m clustering
Variation 8 14 m clustering
Variation 9 15 m
Variation 6 10 m flowering
Variation 7 12 m
08. New Zealand Cabbage Tree ( Cordyline australis )
OCEANIA 1
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Variation 4 6,5 m flowering
Variation 5 7m flowering
Variation 1 1,5 m
Variation 2 2,5 m clustering
08. New Zealand Cabbage Tree ( Cordyline australis )
OCEANIA 1
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09. Black Treefern ( Cyathea medullaris )
OCEANIA 1
Tree Fern, evergreen Height : up to 20 m. Origin : New Zealand, Fiji, Polynesia Environment : volcanic hill sides, in full sun, but also in
partial or full shade Climate : warm, temperate, cool; humid; it is hardy to around –3°C
Notes :
The Black Treefern is the largest of all tree ferns. The name might derive from the very dark colour of the stipe of mature fronds or of the fiddleheads. It enjoys abundant moisture and although it can stand well the cold, it needs warm weather to develop a full, thick appearance. The plant has no secondary growth and no wood, yet, it has been often used as building material and for makeshift trackwork. The Maori names of this plant are Mamuku, Katātā, Kōrau, or Pītau. Variation 8 10 m with fiddleheads
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Variation 7 8m with fiddleheads
Variation 9 12 m
Variation 5 8m with fiddleheads
Variation 6 5m with fiddleheads
09. Black Treefern ( Cyathea medullaris )
OCEANIA 1
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Variation 4 7m with fiddleheads
Variation 3 4,5 m with fiddleheads
Variation 1 2m with fiddleheads
Variation 2 3m with fiddleheads
09. Black Treefern ( Cyathea medullaris )
OCEANIA 1
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10. Bread Palm ( Cycas rumphii )
OCEANIA 1
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Palm, single-stemmed Height : up to 12 m. Origin : Northern Australia Environment : Monsoon rainforest, in flat lowland areas,
near lakes and rivers; on many soils Climate : warm and humid; in full sunlight; very sensitive to cold and frost
Notes :
The Carpentaria Palm is a fast growing palm, that needs frequent watering and a full sunlight position. It can adapt to different types of soild. It is a favourite for urban decoration use. It is, however, very sensitive to cold and frost, and for this reason it should only be planted in regions with mild winters. The Carpentaria genus was named after the Gulf of Carpentaria, a landmark of Northern Australia. The juice from the fruits can cause skin irritation.
Variation 4 3m with cones
Variation 8 5m
Variation 9 7m with cones
Variation 6 4m with cones
Variation 7 4,5 m
10. Bread Palm ( Cycas rumphii )
OCEANIA 1
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Variation 3 2,5 m
Variation 5 3,5 m
Variation 2 2m with cones
10. Bread Palm ( Cycas rumphii )
Variation 1 1,5 m with cones
O C E A N I A 12
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11. Tasmanian Treefern ( Dicksonia antarctica )
OCEANIA 1
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Tree Fern, evergreen Height : up to 15 m, but much more typically up to 4-5 m Origin : Tasmania Environment : damp, sheltered woodland slopes and moist
gullies, on all soils, preferably moist Climate : warm, temperate, cool; humid or semi-humid; cold-resistant
Notes :
The Tasmanian Treefern is probably the most widely known of all tree ferns, being cultivated also in temperate areas of the world because of it’s hardiness. In natural standings, the fronds from the groups of this plants can form a dense canopy, while the fibrous trunks often hosts epiphytes, including other ferns. Dicksonia antarctica is not only cold-resistant, but also fire-resistant. It is well suited for garden planting, as it re-shoots readily after relocation.
Variation 5 4m with fiddleheads
Variation 9 7m with fiddleheads
Variation 8 6,5 m
Variation 6 4,5 m with fiddleheads
Variation 7 6m
11. Tasmanian Treefern ( Dicksonia antarctica )
OCEANIA 1
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Variation 3 2,5 m
Variation 4 3,5 m with fiddleheads
Variation 1 1,5 m
Variation 2 2m
11. Tasmanian Treefern ( Dicksonia antarctica )
OCEANIA 1
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12. Blue-Gum Eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus globulus )
OCEANIA 1
Tree, broadleaf evergreen, broad columnar Height : Average adult height 30 to 55 m, can reach 90 m in native Tasmania
Origin : Tasmania, Southern Victoria (Australia) Environment : grasslands, heatlands, riparian habitats;
in full sun; on any soil Climate : warm, mild; needs water at the roots frost-intolerant
Notes :
Also called Tasmanian Blue Gum or Southern Blue Gum, this tree is the most widely cultivated tree in the Southern Pacific, because of the excellent timber and the production of Eucalyptus Oil. It is a much competitive species for water and light and tends to prevail over native vegetation when planted outside it’s native habitat. It is also risky for fires, because it produces a lot of litter, and it’s high water consumption can lead to decreased soil moisture contents. The leaf arrangement changes with age from parallel (young) to alternate (adult).
Variation 8 25 m flowering
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Variation 7 18 m
Variation 9 32 m flowering
Variation 5 16 m with fruits
Variation 6 16 m flowering
12. Blue-Gum Eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus globulus )
OCEANIA 1
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Variation 3 9m flowering
Variation 4 12 m flowering
Variation 1 1,5 m
Variation 2 2,5 m with fruits
12. Blue-Gum Eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus globulus )
OCEANIA 1
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13. Kentia Palm ( Howea forsteriana )
OCEANIA 1
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Palm, evergreen Height : Average height from 6 to 18 m Origin : Lord Howe Island Environment : coastal sites, open forests, in partial shade; on any soil Climate : mild; humid; intolerant of prolonged heat and drought
Notes :
The Kentia Palm is native of the Lord How Island, but also grows in large standings on the Norfolk Island. It requires a moderate temperature and humid soil, and can stand full sun position only if the temperature is moderate. The Kentia Palm has become a very popular houseplant species. It can also grow outdoors in cooler climates, but can not stand freeze for more than a few hours. It grows slowly and is best kept as stand-alone species. Variation 7 7m
Variation 9 14 m
Variation 8 12 m with fruits
Variation 5 5m
Variation 6 6m with fruits
13. Kentia Palm ( Howea forsteriana )
OCEANIA 1
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Variation 3 3m with fruits
Variation 4 4m flowering
Variation 1 2m Variation 2 2,5 m flowering
13. Kentia Palm ( Howea forsteriana )
OCEANIA 1
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14. Kanuka ( Kunzea ericoides )
OCEANIA 1
Tree/Shrub, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 30 m, more typically 15 m Origin : New Zealand Environment : coastal scrubs, wastelands, hillsides, from
sea level to 2000 m altitude Climate : mild, temperate, cool
Notes :
Kanuka was mainly known as Manuka until the 1930s. It is a New Zealand native species that is often erroneously confused with Australia’s Burgan, which grows mostly as a shrub, while New Zealand’s Kanuka can reach the respectable height of 30 meters and a trunk diameter of 1 meter. It is a very competitive species that often prevails over the others in the open forests. It often recolonizes wasted lands. It’s white blooming is visually remarkable.
Variation 9 15 m
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Variation 7 10 m
Variation 8 14 m
Variation 5 6,5 m Variation 6 8m flowering
14. Kanuka ( Kunzea ericoides )
OCEANIA 1
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Variation 3 5m flowering
Variation 4 6m
Variation 1 2m flowering
Variation 2 4m
14. Kanuka ( Kunzea ericoides )
OCEANIA 1
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15. Ohia Lehua ( Metrosideros polymorpha )
OCEANIA 1
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Tree/Shrub, evergreen broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 20-25 m when growing as tree, much
smaller as shrub Origin : Hawai’i (all six major islands) Environment : wet and dry forests, subalpine shrublands; on most soils, from sea level up to the treeline (2500 m) Climate : mild, temperate; it grows in a wide range of temperatures and rainfall
Notes :
Ohia Lehua is the dominant species in Hawaiian Islands’ cloud forests and rainforests above 400 m altitude. It is also common in the seasonally wet forests, where it may share dominance with the Koa (Acacia koa). Ohia Lehua appears in a variety of shapes, as small shrub or tall tree, and everything in between. Obviously at high altitudes the shrub form is most common. It can grow on recent lava streams. The aspect of trunk can be much varied, from rough and gnarled to straight and smooth. Native Hawaiians used the wood for the construction of canoes and statues.
Variation 2 2m flowering
Variation 8 10 m flowering
Variation 9 14 m flowering
Variation 6 5m flowering
Variation 7 8m flowering
15. Ohia Lehua ( Metrosideros polymorpha )
OCEANIA 1
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Variation 5 4m part flowering
Variation 4 3m prostrate, flowering
Variation 1 1m flowering Variation 3 3m flowering
15. Ohia Lehua ( Metrosideros polymorpha )
OCEANIA 1
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16. Noni ( Morinda citrifolia )
OCEANIA 1
Tree/Shrub, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 9 m. Origin : Tahiti; Southeast of Asia Environment : shady forests, open shores;
on rocky, sandy, volcanic lava soils Climate : warm, mild, temperate; salt- and drought-tolerant
Notes :
This tree is called with a variety of names, Noni (Hawaiian) being currently the most common. The Tahitian name is Nono, Malayan is Mengkudu, and western names are Great Morinda, Indian Mulberry, Beach Mulberry. It is a species that is widely diffused throughout the whole Southern Pacific. It is tolerant of saline soils and drought conditions, and therefore often planted in coastal cities. The ripe fruits have a pungent odour and are known as cheese fruits or even vomit fruits! Noni is attractive to weaver ants and fruit bats.
Variation 7 4m with fruits
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Variation 8 4,5 m flowering
Variation 9 5m flowering
Variation 5 3m
Variation 6 3,5 m with fruits
16. Noni ( Morinda citrifolia )
OCEANIA 1
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Variation 4 2,5 m
Variation 3 2,5 m
Variation 1 1m
Variation 2 2m
16. Noni ( Morinda citrifolia )
OCEANIA 1
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17. Coastal Screw Pine ( Pandanus tectorius )
OCEANIA 1
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Arboreal Plant, evergreen Height : up to 6 m Origin : Polynesia Environment : damp areas, on coastal sites or mountain sides, in partial sunlight, on moist soils Climate : warm, mild
Notes :
The Coastal Screw Pine is supported by prop roots, that anchor it to the soil. The fruits (which resemble pineapples) are edible and an important traditional food source for Polynesian populations. Today the leaves are mostly used as flavouring for sweets, but in the past, they were largely used for house thatching and women’s grass skirts. The common name of Screw Pine is due to the spiral arrangement of the leaves. The Hawaiian name is Hala.
Variation 3 4m flowering
Variation 8 5m with fruits
Variation 9 5,5 m with fruits
Variation 6 4,5 m flowering
Variation 7 5m with fruits
17. Coastal Screw Pine ( Pandanus tectorius )
OCEANIA 1
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Variation 4 4m with fruits
Variation 5 4,5 m with fruits
Variation 1 1,5 m
Variation 2 3.5 m with fruits
17. Coastal Screw Pine ( Pandanus tectorius )
OCEANIA 1
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18. New Zealand Flax ( Phormium tenax )
OCEANIA 1
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Shrubby plant, perennial Height : up to 3-4 m. Origin : New Zealand, Norfolk Island Environment : swamps, low lying areas Climate : mild, temperate, cool; relatively cold-resistant Notes :
The New Zealand Flax produces fibrous leaves that have been important for the history and economy of New Zealand. When Maoris arrived in New Zealand, they were carrying with them the Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera), whose bark they used for clothing. But the Paper Mulberry did not flourish, so they used the Flax instead, not just for clothing but also for baskets and fishing nets. Today, New Zealand Flax has become a very popular decoration plant throughout the world.
Variation 9 3,5 m flowering
Variation 8 3m flowering Variation 7 3m flowering
Variation 5 2,2 m flowering
Variation 6 2,5 m flowering
18. New Zealand Flax ( Phormium tenax )
OCEANIA 1
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Variation 3 2m
Variation 4 2m
Variation 2 1,5 m
Variation 1 1,5 m
18. New Zealand Flax ( Phormium tenax )
OCEANIA 1
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19. Totara ( Podocarpus totara )
OCEANIA 1
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Tree, conifer evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 20-25 m, exceptionally up to 35 m Origin : New Zealand Environment : lowlands, mountain and lower subalpine for-
ests, from sea level to 600 m altitude Climate : temperate, cool
Notes :
The Totara (a Maori name) is a New Zealand endemic tree which grows slowly and rarely reaches important heights. It’s wood is hard and very resistant to rot. Because of these qualities, it is often used for fence posts and floor pilings. It is also much appreciated for carving. Maoris appreciated it very much also for building canoes. It tolerates a wide range of conditions and is an important species in the Antarctic flora.
Variation 7 18 m
Variation 9 25 m flowering
Variation 8 21 m flowering
Variation 5 12 m flowering
Variation 6 14 m with fruits
19. Totara ( Podocarpus totara )
OCEANIA 1
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Variation 3 6m flowering
Variation 4 8m
Variation 1 4m
Variation 2 5m with fruits
19. Totara ( Podocarpus totara )
OCEANIA 1
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20. Hillebrand Palm ( Pritchardia hillebrandii )
OCEANIA 1
Palm, evergreen Height : up to 18-20 cm. Origin : Hawai’i (Moloka’i) Environment : windward coasts, moist to wet forests,
on rich soils, from sea level to 680 m altitude Climate : warm, mild, temperate; humid
Notes :
The Hillebrand Palm is a single-trunk, fan-shaped-leaf medium-to-large palm that can reach heights of nearly 20 meters. There are 25 species of palms in the genus Pritchardia, all native to the tropical Pacific islands. Each Hawaiian island has at least one distinct Pritchardia species. The Hillebrand Palm has become very popular as garden species throughout the world. Thanks to it’s most attractive appearance and fast growth, it is the favourite of many palm enthusiasts.
Variation 8 8m
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Variation 7 6m
Variation 9 11 m with flowers and fruits
Variation 5 4,5 m with flowers and fruits
Variation 6 5,5 m
20. Hillebrand Palm ( Pritchardia hillebrandii )
OCEANIA 1
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Variation 3 3m
Variation 4 4m with flowers and fruits
Variation 1 2,5 m with flowers and fruits
Variation 2 3m
20. Hillebrand Palm ( Pritchardia hillebrandii )
OCEANIA 1
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XfrogPlants | Oceania 2
Brigalow Bangalow Palm
XfrogPlants OCEANIA 2 Contents : 180 3D Models in: Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, .3DS and .XFR formats XFR can be edited with Xfrog 3.5 software (Purchased Separately) With Xfrog 3.5 Procedural Software, easily create your very own variations of Growth, Branching, Add or Reduce Model Complexity, and much more. 180 1600 x 1600, Billboard Renders 180 1600 x 1600, Perspective Renders Xfrog Software and Models: Xfrog User Group:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/Xfrog
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures, are copyright: © 2001 - 2010 Xfrog Inc Tel. 310 933 5949 Support3@xfrog.com All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business. If you wish to further distribute the content, e.g. models, textures, or derivative models, or model parts, inside a game title; or use the library in any multi-user context; please contact us for distribution licensing.
XfrogPlants Development : Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Rendering
Peter Fantke: Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
21. True Mulga ( Acacia aneura )
OCEANIA 2
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Tree/Shrub, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 15 m., commonly 7 m. or as low shrub Origin : Central and Western Australia Environment : Mulga savannah, tussock grasslands,
scrublands Climate : hot, warm; semi-arid
Notes :
Mulga is the Indigenous Australian name for the semiarid scrub that covers a large part of Australian mainland. The dominant species in the Mulga, which is Acacia aneura, is called True Mulga. True Mulga is a very variable species, that can be found as low shrub or medium sized tree, depending on the growing conditions. It is long lived (200 to 300 years) when undisturbed by fire. It can collect rainfall through the phyllodes and it’s roots can reach deep waters. Differently from Eucalypt Woodland, Mulga has a very limited capability to re-sprout after fire. True Mulga is a valuable fodder source for Australia’s pastoral industry.
Variation 2 1m flowering
Variation 8 5m flowering
Variation 9 7m flowering
Variation 7 5m flowering
21. True Mulga ( Acacia aneura )
Variation 6 4.5 m flowering
OCEANIA 2
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Variation 4 2.5 m flowering
Variation 5 4m flowering
Variation 1 0.5 m flowering
Variation 3 2m flowering
21. True Mulga ( Acacia aneura )
OCEANIA 2
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22. Brigalow ( Acacia harpophylla )
OCEANIA 2
Tree, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 25 m. Origin : Northeast Australia
(Queensland, New South Wales) Environment : Brigalow Belt (open forests and woodlands of plains or gentle hills); on clay soils Climate : warm, temperate; under coastal and semi-arid rainfall regimes
Notes :
Also known as Brigalow Spearwood or Orkor, this medium-sized tree can grow up to 25 m. and creates open woodlands known as Brigalow Belt, often in mixed community with other Acacias, Eucalypti, Casuarinas, and many understory species. Brigalow communities generally re-sprout well after fire, except for softwood scrubs, which are more densely populated. The Brigalow Belt covers an area of 6 million ha. and has been divided into 165 different regional ecosystems, that host a large variety of often endangered native fauna.
Variation 9 18 m flowering
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Variation 8 16 m flowering Variation 7 14 m flowering
Variation 5 12 m flowering
Variation 6 14 m flowering
22. Brigalow ( Acacia harpophylla )
OCEANIA 2
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Variation 4 10 m flowering
Variation 3 9m flowering
Variation 1 5m
Variation 2 8m flowering
22. Brigalow ( Acacia harpophylla )
OCEANIA 2
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23. Roughbarked Apple ( Angophora intermedia )
OCEANIA 2
Tree, broadleaf evergreen, broad columnar Height : up to 20 m. Origin : Eastern Australia Environment : sub-coastal districts, on alluvial plains and tablelands; on sandy or loamy well-drained soils Climate : warm, temperate
Notes :
Angophora is a genus of the large Myrtaceae family. It consists of ten species, all native to Eastern Australia. They look similar to Eucalypts and are often mistaken as such by unaware people. The bark of this tree, as the name suggests, looks rough and varied in colours. The flowering is cream coloured, made of soft large inflorescence. The secondary branches of this species are often twisted, in a very peculiar way. Angophoras are commonly called Apple because the growth habit of some species appears similar to that of Apple trees.
Variation 9 16 m
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Variation 7 12 m
Variation 8 14 m
Variation 5 10 m
Variation 6 11 m
23. Roughbarked Apple ( Angophora intermedia )
OCEANIA 2
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Variation 3 7m
Variation 4 9m flowering
Variation 1 3m flowering
Variation 2 6m flowering
23. Roughbarked Apple ( Angophora intermedia )
OCEANIA 2
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24. Alexandra Palm ( Archontophoenix alexandrae )
OCEANIA 2
Palm, single-stemmed Height : up to 15 m. Origin : Eastern Australia (Queensland) Environment : coastal rainforests; on deep, fertile soils Climate : warm, temperate; frost-intolerant; salt-resistant Notes :
A fast growing palm, Alexandra is a solitary palm, meaning that it grows on a single stem. The Archontophoenix genus includes six species, all native to Eastern Australia. The Alexandra Palm is a graceful robust palm requiring adequate bright light and fresh air. The trunk often appears enlarged at the base. It is sometimes also called with the masculine name of Alexander Palm. Alexandra is more hydrophilic than most other palms, sometimes even thriving on moist soils.
Variation 8 9m
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Variation 7 8m with flowers
Variation 9 12 m with fruits
Variation 6 7.5 m with flowers
24. Alexandra Palm ( Archontophoenix alexandrae )
Variation 5 7m with fruits
OCEANIA 2
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Variation 3 5m
Variation 4 6m with fruits
Variation 1 1.5 m
Variation 2 4m
24. Alexandra Palm ( Archontophoenix alexandrae )
OCEANIA 2
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25. Bangalow Palm ( Archontophoenix cunninghamia )
OCEANIA 2
Palm, often multi-stemmed Height : up to 15-20 m. Origin : Central part of Eastern Australia Environment : coastal rainforests; on deep, fertile soils Climate : warm, temperate; salt-resistant Notes :
Also known as King Palm or Piccabean Palm, this species is more easily damaged by winds than Alexandra Palm, therefore needing a more sheltered position (whereas Alexandra can be more exposed). The Bangalow Palm often grows in a multi-stemmed fashion, although not exclusively. It often shows a bulge in the crownshaft. It is more cold-resistant than Alexandra and for this reason is appreciated also in temperate areas. Like Alexandra, Bangalow Palm is quite hydrophilic, and sometimes it can even be found in riverbeds.
Variation 4 4m
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Variation 8 12 m with fruits
Variation 9 14 m with flowers
Variation 6 8m
Variation 7 10 m
25. Bangalow Palm ( Archontophoenix cunninghamia )
OCEANIA 2
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Variation 3 3.5 m
Variation 5 7m
Variation 1 1.5 m
Variation 2 2m
25. Bangalow Palm ( Archontophoenix cunninghamia )
OCEANIA 2
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26. Saw Banksia ( Banksia serrata )
OCEANIA 2
Tree/Shrub, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 15 m. as tree, up to 3 m. as shrub Origin : Eastern Australia Environment : Coastal regions, even on the cliffs;
on well-drained sandy soils Climate : warm, temperate; salt- and fire-resistant
Notes :
Saw Banksia is a gnarled and misshapen low tree with a peculiar character. It grows in coastal regions, either as small tree or as shrub when in less sheltered positions such as coastal cliffs. It is a species with many peculiarities. It is very resistant to fires. It features a fireretardant bark, that looks like cork and is six centimetres thick. Saw Banksia is also able to collect waters and nutrients in it’s subterranean lignotuber, so that it can regenerate even after severe bushfire. The showy flowers take several years to appear.
Variation 2 2m
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Variation 9 7m with flowers
Variation 8 6m Autumn
Variation 6 4m with flowers
Variation 7 5m with flowers and fruits
26. Saw Banksia ( Banksia serrata )
OCEANIA 2
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Variation 5 3.5 m with fruits Variation 4 3m with flowers
Variation 3 2.5 m with fruits
26. Saw Banksia ( Banksia serrata )
Variation 1 1.5 m with fruits
OCEANIA 2
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27. Illawarra Flame Tree ( Brachychiton acerifolius )
OCEANIA 2
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Small tree, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 10 m., often smaller Origin : Southeast of Australia (Queensland to Victoria) Environment : wet areas, along coastal streams;
on deep, rich, well-drained soils Climate : warm, temperate; humid; cold-resistant except when young
Notes :
Also known as Kurrajong (Indigenous Australian name), this tree natively grows in the tropical regions of the East Coast of Australia. It’s gorgeous red blooming, however, made it popular as urban decoration species throughout the temperate areas of the world. When adult, in fact, it can resist also in climates with cold winters. The flowering, however, is abundant only in areas where the winters are dry. When planted outside it’s natural environment, this tree only reaches half of it’s potential height.
Variation 7 10 m flowering
Variation 8 14 m
Variation 9 15 m flowering
Variation 5 9m flowering
Variation 6 9.5 m
27. Illawarra Flame Tree ( Brachychiton acerifolius )
OCEANIA 2
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Variation 3 6m flowering
Variation 4 8m flowering
Variation 1 1m
Variation 2 2.5 m
27. Illawarra Flame Tree ( Brachychiton acerifolius )
OCEANIA 2
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28. Willow Bottlebrush ( Callistemon salignus )
OCEANIA 2
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Small tree, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 10 m., often smaller Origin : Southeast of Australia (Queensland to Victoria) Environment : wet areas, along coastal streams;
on deep, rich, well-drained soils Climate : warm, temperate; humid; cold-resistant except when young
Notes :
The Willow Bottlebrush is one of the several Callistemon species, all native to Australia. It is a pioneer species, able to quickly re-colonize wasted lands. It loves humid and even wet climates. It grows of preference near water courses and sometimes even along swamp edges. It is, however, a rustic species, able to resist also adverse conditions such as moderate drought and colder climates. For these reasons, and for the attractive flowering, the Willow Bottlebrush is an optimal street and garden tree.
Variation 9 10 m
Variation 8 9m flowering
Variation 7 8m flowering
Variation 5 5.5 m flowering
Variation 6 7m flowering
28. Willow Bottlebrush ( Callistemon salignus )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
Variation 3 3.5 m flowering
Variation 4 5m flowering
Variation 1 1.5 m flowering
Variation 2 2m flowering
28. Willow Bottlebrush ( Callistemon salignus )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
29. Common Net Bush ( Calothamnus quadrifidus )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
Shrub, evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 2,5 m. Origin : Southwest Australia Environment : open lands, sunny hillsides; in full sunlight;
on well-drained soils Climate : warm, with dry summers
Notes :
The scientific name Calothamnus comes from ancient Greek and means “beautiful shrub”. Also known as Onesided Bottlebrush, this species is one of the 40 that are part of the Calothamnus genus, all native to the southern part of Western Australia. The Common Net Bush is the most cultivated of all Calothamnus species, and although it thrives where summers are dry, it can also grow in humid climates. There are several variations to this species, but the overall shape is regular, almost as wide as it is tall. The foliage is pine-like (needles).
Variation 2 1.5 m
Variation 9 2.5 m flowering Variation 8 2.5 m flowering
Variation 7 2m
Variation 6 2m
29. Common Net Bush ( Calothamnus quadrifidus )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
Variation 5 2m flowering
Variation 4 2m flowering
Variation 3 1.5 m flowering
Variation 1 1m
29. Common Net Bush ( Calothamnus quadrifidus )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
30. Carpentaria Palm ( Carpentaria acuminata )
OCEANIA 2
Palm, single-stemmed Height : up to 12 m. Origin : Northern Australia Environment : Monsoon rainforest, in flat lowland areas,
near lakes and rivers; on many soils Climate : warm and humid; in full sunlight; very sensitive to cold and frost
Notes :
The Carpentaria Palm is a fast growing palm, that needs frequent watering and a full sunlight position. It can adapt to different types of soild. It is a favourite for urban decoration use. It is, however, very sensitive to cold and frost, and for this reason it should only be planted in regions with mild winters. The Carpentaria genus was named after the Gulf of Carpentaria, a landmark of Northern Australia. The juice from the fruits can cause skin irritation.
Variation 9 12 m with fruits
xfrogplants
Variation 7 10 m with fruits
Variation 8 11 m with flowers
Variation 5 8m
Variation 6 9m with fruits
30. Carpentaria Palm ( Carpentaria acuminata )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
Variation 4 7.5 m
Variation 3 7m with flowers
Variation 1 2m
Variation 2 4.5 m
30. Carpentaria Palm ( Carpentaria acuminata )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
31. Ghost Gum ( Corymbia aparrerinja )
OCEANIA 2
Tree, broadleaf evergreen, broad columnar Height : up to 20 m. Origin : Central Australia Environment : arid areas, on rocky slopes, red sand flats,
dry creek beds; on well-drained sandy soils Climate : warm; dry or semi-arid
Notes :
Also listed with the alternative scientific name of Eucalyptus papuana, the Ghost Gum, native to Central Australia, has an unmistakeable look, due for most part to it’s ghostly white bark colour (hence the name). It is mostly found in the south part of Northern Territory, at the edge of Western Australia and into central Queensland. It creates a subterranean lignotuber that helps it recover after fires. The Native Australians used parts of this tree to treat colds.
Variation 8 15 m with flowers
xfrogplants
Variation 7 14 m with fruits
Variation 9 18 m
Variation 5 12 m with flowers
Variation 6 12.5 m with fruits
31. Ghost Gum ( Corymbia aparrerinja )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
Variation 3 8m with flowers Variation 4 8.5 m with fruits
Variation 1 2m
Variation 2 6.5 m
31. Ghost Gum ( Corymbia aparrerinja )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
32. Southern Mahogany ( Eucalyptus botryoides )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
Tree, broadleaf evergreen, broad columnar Height : can grow up to 40 m. but usually stops at 20 m. Origin : Southeast Australia (coast of New South Wales to
southern Victoria) Environment : coastal forests, swamps, rivers, creek banks, salt marshes; on clay or sandy deep, poor soils Climate : warm, temperate; salt-tolerant; in full sunlight
Notes :
Also known as Bangalay. The most notable feature of this species is that it can withstand occasional flooding or water-logged, wet soils. It is indeed a hardy species, well tolerant of salt, frost, and drought. It is therefore an excellent choice for urban decoration of marine cities. It also is an excellent timber tree. It has a moderately fast growth and is much appreciated by Koalas, who browse the foliage. It loves full sun. It is used for the production of honey.
Variation 3 5m flowering
Variation 8 18 m with fruits
Variation 9 20 m with fruits
Variation 6 8m with fruits
Variation 7 9m with fruits
32. Southern Mahogany ( Eucalyptus botryoides )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
Variation 4 6,5 m
Variation 5 7.5 m
Variation 1 2.5 m flowering
Variation 2 3m flowering
32. Southern Mahogany ( Eucalyptus botryoides )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
33. River Redgum ( Eucalyptus camaldulensis )
OCEANIA 2
Tree, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : can grow up to 45 m., but usually stops at 20 m. Origin : Southeast Australia Environment : riverine sites, along riverbanks, on flood-
plains; on deep moist soils, preferably on clay but also on sand Climate : warm, temperate
Notes :
The River Redgum grows (as the name suggests) along watercourses of most of the Australian mainland, although it was originally native of the Southeast. It often fringes the rivers, and tends to form pure open forests or woodlands where it is the only tree species. It’s roots grow deep and have high hydraulic conductivity. The trunks grow straight and tall where there is abundance of water, and gnarled and broader in more arid areas. This species can withstand occasional flooding, except when very young.
Variation 4 8.5 m
xfrogplants
Variation 8 18 m Variation 9 20 m with flowers
Variation 7 16 m
33. River Redgum ( Eucalyptus camaldulensis )
Variation 6 11 m
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
Variation 3 7m with fruits Variation 5 10 m flowering
Variation 1 4m with fruits
Variation 2 5m flowering
33. River Redgum ( Eucalyptus camaldulensis )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
34. Karri ( Eucalyptus diversicolor )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
Tree, broadleaf evergreen, broad columnar Height : up to 90 m. Origin : Southwest Australia Environment : deep valleys, between granite outcrops
surrounding creeks and rivers; on deep soils Climate : warm, temperate
Notes :
Karri is the third tallest tree species in the world, being able to reach 90 metres of height. It grows on often poor soils, formed for most part by Karri’s own bark, shed by the tree, that creates a layer up to 6 m. thick! This soil is classified Karri Loam, and it has good pasture-growing properties. The wood of Karri is used extensively in the building industry, and for furniture as well. The trunks extend straight up with no secondary branching, and in mature exemplars the branches appear mostly on the top third of the trunk.
Variation 8 30 m
Variation 7 24 m
Variation 9 34 m with flowers
Variation 5 11 m with flowers
Variation 6 18 m with fruits
34. Karri ( Eucalyptus diversicolor )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
Variation 4 6m
Variation 3 4m with fruits
Variation 2 3m with flowers
34. Karri ( Eucalyptus diversicolor )
Variation 1 2m
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
35. Rusty Fig ( Ficus rubiginosa )
OCEANIA 2
Tree, evergreen broadleaf, broad spreading Height : up to 15 m. (more commonly up to 7 m.) Origin : Eastern Australia Environment : Forests, riparian sites, scrublands;
on many soils Climate : warm, temperate; moderately humid
Notes :
Also known as Little-leaf Fig or Port Jackson Fig, it is one of the 600 species of the Ficus genus. Like all figs, the Rusty Fig, too, requires pollination by a particular wasp species to set seed. It is commonly used as ornamental species not only in Australia, but also in New Zealand, Hawai’i, and California, where sometimes it escaped cultivation and became invasive. It is a hardy species, well tolerant of difficult temperatures and conditions. The roots are very powerful and can seriously damage urban infrastructures.
Variation 6 7m
xfrogplants
Variation 9 14 m
Variation 8 12 m
Variation 7 10 m
Variation 5 6m with flowers/fruits
35. Rusty Fig ( Ficus rubiginosa )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
Variation 3 5m
Variation 4 5.5 m with flowers/fruits
Variation 1 1.5 m
Variation 2 2.5 m with flowers/fruits
35. Rusty Fig ( Ficus rubiginosa )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
36. Silky Oak ( Grevillea robusta )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
Tree, broadleaf evergreen, broad columnar Height : can grow up to 35 m., commonly up to 18 m. Origin : Eastern Australia Environment : coastal and riverine rainforests;
in full sunlight or light shade; on basaltic soils Climate : warm, temperate; frost-intolerant; drought-resistant
Notes :
The Silky Oak (also known as Australian Silver-oak) grows fast when young, but considerably slows down later. It grows preferably in rainforests, but occasionally also in subtropical and dry forests, as it can withstand drought. It is a frost-intolerant species, so it needs protection when planted young. The wood is much appreciated for the building of musical instruments, particularly guitars. It used to be common also for external window joinery before the advent of aluminium. Variation 4 12 m
Variation 9 22 m flowering
Variation 8 18.5 m
Variation 7 18 m flowering
36. Silky Oak ( Grevillea robusta )
Variation 6 16 m with fruits
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
Variation 5 14 m Variation 3 10 m flowering
Variation 2 5m with fruits
36. Silky Oak ( Grevillea robusta )
Variation 1 2m
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
37. Australian Cabbage Palm ( Livistona australis )
OCEANIA 2
Palm, single-stemmed Height : up to 30 m. more commonly up to 20 m. Origin : Southeast Australia
(New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria) Environment : coastal sites, shorelines, lowland forests, swamps; on moist, fertile soils; in full sunlight Climate : warm, temperate; frost-resistant; wind/salt-tolerant
Notes :
The Australian Cabbage Palm is a very hardy and beautiful palm which can grow very tall, albeit slowly. Native to the South-East part of Australia, it grows further South than any other native Australian palm. It can grow exposed along shorelines and withstands winds and salt well. It is also frost-resistant, and for these reasons, it has become a very popular landscaping plant all over the world. The leaves are edible, and the trunk is hard enough to be used as building material.
Variation 2 3m
xfrogplants
Variation 8 12 m flowering
Variation 9 14 m
Variation 8 5m Summer
Variation 7 10 m flowering
37. Australian Cabbage Palm ( Livistona australis )
Variation 6 8m with fruits
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
Variation 4 4m
Variation 5 6m flowering
Variation 1 1m
Variation 3 3.5 m
37. Australian Cabbage Palm ( Livistona australis )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
38. Carnarvon Gorge Macrozamia ( Macrozamia moorei )
OCEANIA 2
Arboreal plant ( Cycad ), evergreen Height : up to 9 m. Origin : Southeast Australia (Queensland) Environment : foothills, margins of rainforests; on poor,
rocky well-drained neutral or slightly acidic soils Climate : warm, mild; cold-intolerant
Notes :
The Carnarvon Gorge Macrozamia was initially classified as part of the Encephalartos genus, and only later attributed to an own genus. The name Moorei was chosen to honour Charles Moore, director of Royal Botanical Gardens in Sidney in the second half of 19th century. The growth of this species is extremely slow: 2 metres every 100 years! Also the fertile age is reached quite late, as plants do not cone before the 50th year of age. It is a long-lived species: the oldest known exemplars are 400 years old.
Variation 6 4m with male flowers
xfrogplants
Variation 5 4m with female flowers
Variation 9 6.5 m with female flowers
Variation 8 6.5 m
Variation 7 5m
38. Carnarvon Gorge Macrozamia ( Macrozamia moorei )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
Variation 3 3.5 m
Variation 4 4m
Variation 1 1m
Variation 2 2.5 m
38. Carnarvon Gorge Macrozamia ( Macrozamia moorei )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
39. Orange Jasmine ( Murraya paniculata )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
Small tree/Shrub, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 7 m. Origin : Northern Australia, Southeast Asia Environment : Open plains and hillsides; on fertile,
well-drained moist soils, of any type Climate : warm, temperate; frost-resistant
Notes :
Also known as Chinese Box, Mock Orange, Mock Lime or Satinwood, this species is widely appreciated for the decorative value of the foliage and flowers. It is a hardy species that can withstand cold and frost, and also severe pruning. For this reason, it is often planted in the cities and pruned in hedges. The fact that it can grow on many soils (alkaline, clayey, sandy, acidic and loamy) makes it’s use even easier. The Orange Jasmine flowers throughout the years and attracts bees and birds.
Variation 7 2.5 m flowering
Variation 8 3m flowering
Variation 9 4m flowering
Variation 6 1.8 m with fruits (ripe)
Variation 5 1.8 m flowering
39. Orange Jasmine ( Murraya paniculata )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
Variation 3 1.2 m with fruits (ripe and unripe)
Variation 4 1.5 m flowering
Variation 2 0.8 m flowering
Variation 1 0.5 m
39. Orange Jasmine ( Murraya paniculata )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
40. Australian Grass Tree ( Xanthorrhoea preissii )
OCEANIA 2
Arboreal plant, evergreen Height : up to 4-5 m. Origin : Southern Australia Environment : desert and arid areas Climate : warm, temperate; arid, dry; drought-resistant Notes :
The Australian Grass Tree is a long-lived arboreal plant. It’s lifespan is of at least 600 years. It grows in deserts and arid areas, and is extremely resistant to drought. It is a very slow growing species: the trunk takes a decade to form initially, as it is composed of a mass of old leaf bases held together by a natural resin. From then on, it grows only 1-2 cm. per year. The adult plants often branch. The flowering stalk grows much faster (2-3 cm per day) and can grow up to 3 m. tall. The flowering attracts birds, bees, ants and butterflies. It can be a handy garden plant, because once established, it requires very little water and maintenance.
Variation 7 3m
xfrogplants
Variation 8 4.5 m
Variation 9 6m flowering
Variation 6 4m Variation 5 4m flowering
40. Australian Grass Tree ( Xanthorrhoea preissii )
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
Variation 4 3.5 m flowering
Variation 3 3m
Variation 2 2.5 m flowering
40. Australian Grass Tree ( Xanthorrhoea preissii )
Variation 1 1m
OCEANIA 2
xfrogplants
XfrogPlants | Oceania 3
Manna Gum Broadleaved Paperbark
XfrogPlants OCEANIA 3 Contents : 180 3D Models in: Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, .3DS and .XFR formats XFR can be edited with Xfrog 3.5 software (Purchased Separately) With Xfrog 3.5 Procedural Software, easily create your very own variations of Growth, Branching, Add or Reduce Model Complexity, and much more. 180 1600 x 1600, Billboard Renders 180 1600 x 1600, Perspective Renders Xfrog Software and Models: Xfrog User Group:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/Xfrog
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures, are copyright: © 2001 - 2010 Xfrog Inc Tel. 310 933 5949 Support3@xfrog.com All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business. If you wish to further distribute the content, e.g. models, textures, or derivative models, or model parts, inside a game title; or use the library in any multi-user context; please contact us for distribution licensing.
XfrogPlants Development : Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Rendering
Peter Fantke: Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
41. Coastal Wattle ( Acacia sophorae )
OCEANIA 3
Tree, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 8 m., more common as 2-3 m. high shrub Origin : Southeast Australia (Queensland to Victoria) Environment : coastal dunes, coastland, in open positions,
on well-drained soils Climate : warm, temperate
Notes :
The Coastal Wattle is a hardy rustic shrub, that can grow in difficult conditions and is resistant to wind, salt, and even moderate frost. It is largely present on the Southeast coasts of Australia, where it is one of the first arboreal species to colonize the dunes and the first solid ground areas. It grows commonly as a prostrate shrub near the sea, while it can grow as a small tree when planted in the cities. The yellow showy flowering takes place at the end of winter/beginning of spring time. It likes full sun and open positions.
Variation 9 8m flowering
xfrogplants
Variation 8 7m flowering
Variation 7 6m flowering
Variation 5 4,5 m with fruits
Variation 6 5m flowering
41. Coastal Wattle ( Acacia sophorae )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 1,7 m flowering
Variation 4 3,5 m flowering
Variation 1 0,4 m
Variation 2 1m
41. Coastal Wattle ( Acacia sophorae )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
42. Boab ( Adansonia gregorii )
OCEANIA 3
Tree, broadleaf deciduous, broad spreading Height : Average height 9 to 12 m., sometimes higher (up to 20 m.)
Origin : North-western Australia
(Northwest of Northern Territory) Environment : open land, scrubland, in full sun, on gritty or sandy soils Climate : warm; semi-arid
Notes :
Also known as Australian Bottle Tree, or Gadawon by the native Australians, this medium-sized tree shares with the other species in the Adansonia genus the characteristic large swollen trunk that resembles a bottle. It used to be an important tree in the economy of the natives: they obtained water from the hollows in the tree, eat the seeds content, and used the leaves for medication. Today, the species is appreciated for the decorative impact, especially in late spring time when the large white flowers appear.
Variation 5
xfrogplants
Variation 9 15 m
Variation 8 14,5 m
Variation 6 12,5 m
Variation 7 14 m
42. Boab ( Adansonia gregorii )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 10 m with fruits
Variation 4 11 m flowering
Variation 1 6m flowering
Variation 2 8,5 m with fruits
42. Boab ( Adansonia gregorii )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
43. Grey Mangrove ( Avicennia marina )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Tree, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : average height 3 to 10 m Origin : Northwestern Australia, New Zealand, Tropical Pacific areas
Environment : intertidal zones of estuarine areas Climate : warm, temperate Notes :
Also known as White Mangrove or as Manawa (Maori name), this species, like the other Avicennia species, develops aerial roots known as pneumatophores whose task is to make the plant absorb oxygen from the air when the lower roots are soaked in water. If the Mangrove grows on solid dry ground, pneumatophores are usually not developed. Mangroves thrive in a mix of salty and fresh waters, while where the salt concentration is too high, they experience stunted growth.
Variation 8 8,5 m with fruits
Variation 7 8m with fruits
Variation 9 9m
Variation 5 5m flowering
Variation 6 6m flowering
43. Grey Mangrove ( Avicennia marina )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 1,5 m
Variation 4 4,5 m
Variation 2 1,3 m flowering
Variation 1 0,5 m
43. Grey Mangrove ( Avicennia marina )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
44. Coast Banksia ( Banksia integrifolia ssp. Integrifolia )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Shrub/Tree, broadleaf evergreen, broad columnar Height : up to 25 m. Origin : South-eastern coast of Australia Environment : coastal cliffs and headlands, alongside river
estuaries; on sandstone soils and stabilized sand dunes Climate : warm, temperate
Notes :
The Coast Banksia is much variable in shape, ranging from shrubby form to the size of a medium-high tree. In it’s natural habitat (which goes along the whole east coast of Southern Australia) it can be found growing stand-alone or in mixed association with Melaleuca quinquenervia. Differently from the other Banksia species, the Coast Banksia does not need bushfires to trigger the seed release. It does, however, require some fires to create healthy surface soil conditions, without which it’s growth will suffer. Variation 8 16 m
Variation 7 9m
Variation 9 20 m
Variation 6 6m
Variation 5 3,5 m with fruits
44. Coast Banksia ( Banksia integrifolia ssp. Integrifolia )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 2,5 m with flowers and fruits
Variation 4 3m
Variation 2 2m flowering
44. Coast Banksia ( Banksia integrifolia ssp. Integrifolia )
Variation 1 1m
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
45. Lemon Bottlebrush ( Callistemon pallidus )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Shrub/Small tree, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : 2 to 3 m. as shrub, up to 5-6 m. or slightly more
as small tree Origin : South-eastern Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria) Environment : Rocky sites of eastern ranges, on exposed mountain slopes; in full sunlight; on moist, well-drained soils Climate : warm, temperate; salt- and wind-resistant
Notes :
The Lemon Bottlebrush is an upright hardy shrub with spreading branches. The lemon whitish flowers provide a nice contrast to the silvery green leaves. It is a dominant species in the area range immediately after the coastal areas of Southeastern Australia. It has been successful as urban decoration species. To obtain a bushier growth and shape it requires constant pruning, otherwise it would quickly develop in height. It is a hardy rustic species that endures coastal salty winds and occasional frosts.
Variation 3 2,8 m with flowers and fruits
Variation 8 6m flowering Variation 9 6,5 m flowering
Variation 6 4,5 m flowering
Variation 7 5m
45. Lemon Bottlebrush ( Callistemon pallidus )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Variation 4 3,5 m flowering Variation 5 4m with fruits
Variation 2 2m flowering
45. Lemon Bottlebrush ( Callistemon pallidus )
Variation 1 1m flowering
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
46. Weeping Bottlebrush ( Callistemon viminalis )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Tree/Shrub, broadleaf evergreen, broad columnar Height : up to 16 m. as tree, much smaller in shrubby form
Origin : Australia (Queensland, New South Wales) Environment : along water courses on the coastal plains;
in full sunlight; on moist, well-drained soils Climate : warm, temperate; salt- and fire-resistant
Notes :
This Callistemon species is generally noted for it’s showy red flowers and the weeping shape, that can be more or less pronounced depending on the different subspecies. Although frequent in shrubby, it can also reach notable tree sizes of 12-16 m. when growing in favourable conditions. It will grow even in waterlogged soils, but it is sensitive to frost and to direct salt sprays. It has proved to be well resistant to smog and therefore it is often planted for urban decoration.
Variation 9 12 m flowering
Variation 7 8m flowering
Variation 8 8,5 m flowering
Variation 5 6m flower buds
Variation 6 7m new leaves
46. Weeping Bottlebrush ( Callistemon viminalis )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 4,5 m fruits and new leaves
Variation 4 5m flowers and fruits
Variation 1 3m new leaves
Variation 2 4m flowers and fruits
46. Weeping Bottlebrush ( Callistemon viminalis )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
47. Marri ( Corymbia calophylla )
OCEANIA 3
Tree, broadleaf evergreen, broad columnar Height : up to 40 m (but commonly around 20 m.) Origin : South of Western Australia Environment : forests and coastal plains; on many soils Climate : warm, temperate Notes :
Marri is one of the nearly 80 Eucalypts that have been transferred to the newly created genus Corymbia in 1995; it was previously called Eucalyptus calophylla. It is often present mixed in the Jarrah and Karri forests of Western Australia. The name Marri comes from native Australian Nyoongar language where it means “blood”, referring to the reddish gum that the bark often essudates. It is a rustic species that can grow in many different conditions. Being a large tree, Marri is not really common in urban decoration, except for parklands.
Variation 6 12 m fruits
xfrogplants
Variation 8 18 m
Variation 9 20 m
Variation 5 10 m flowering
Variation 3 5,5 m flowering
47. Marri ( Corymbia calophylla )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Variation 7 15 m Variation 4 6,5 m
Variation 1 1,6 m
Variation 2 4,5 m
47. Marri ( Corymbia calophylla )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
48. Spotted Gum (Corymbia maculata )
OCEANIA 3
Tree, broadleaf evergreen, broad columnar Height : up to 10 m., often smaller Origin : East and South-east Australia (Queensland, New
South Wales, Victoria) Environment : Open forests; in dry sites; on well-drained sandy soils Climate : warm, temperate
Notes :
The Spotted Gum is one of the best known of all Eucalypts due to the tall growth habit and the distinctive bark, which is blotched with patches of old bark over the smooth cream-coloured underlayer. It flowers winter to spring. It is a very decorative species but the big size makes it suitable only for parklands or large properties. Excessive humidity can cause fungal disfiguration of the leaves. The very strong timber is exploited for construction uses.
Variation 7 16 m
xfrogplants
Variation 8 20 m flowering
Variation 9 24 m
Variation 5 14 m fruits
Variation 6 15 m
48. Spotted Gum ( Corymbia maculata )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Variation 4 12 m flowering
Variation 3 10 m fruits
Variation 1 4,5 m Variation 2 6,5 m buds
48. Spotted Gum ( Corymbia maculata )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
49. White Mallee ( Eucalyptus dumosa )
OCEANIA 3
Tree/Shrub, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 10-15 m, more often as tall shrub of 4-6 m. Origin : Southern and South-eastern Australia (Southern
Australia, New South Wales) Environment : tall scrubland (mallee); in full sunlight; on well-drained soils Climate : warm, temperate; dry
Notes :
The White Mallee is native of a relatively dry region in Southern Australia. It is smaller than the typical Eucalypts and often presents itself in an almost shrubby form, often clustered in formations of 2-3 individuals growing next to each other. It forms a sparse scrubland in the dry plains of Southern Australia. The flowering takes place from late Summer to mid Autumn. The leaves are steam distilled as a commercial source of Eucalyptus Oil.
Variation 7 11 m fruits
xfrogplants
Variation 8 12 m
Variation 9 14 m
Variation 5 9m
Variation 6 10 m fruits
49. White Mallee ( Eucalyptus dumosa )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 3,5 m flowering
Variation 4 6,5 m flowering
Variation 1 1,5 m Variation 2 2,5 m fruits
49. White Mallee ( Eucalyptus dumosa )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
50. Jarrah ( Eucalyptus marginata )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Tree, broadleaf evergreen, broad columnar Height : up to 40 m. (average around 20 m.) Origin : Southwest of Western Australia Environment : forests Climate : warm, temperate; dry Notes :
The Jarrah is one of the most common Eucalyptus species in the Southwest of Australia. Jarrah is the Aboriginal name of this tree, which is also called Swan River Mahogany because the worked timber is similar to the Honduras Mahogany; when seasoned, the Jarrah timber becomes so hard that is almost unworkable. Differently from most Eucalypts, the bark of Jarrah is not shed in patches. The deep roots provide water even in the dry season, and the subterranean lignotuber allows Jarrahs to regenerate after a fire.
Variation 7 16 m
Variation 9 12 m fruits
Variation 8 18 m fruits
Variation 5 12 m
Variation 6 15 m
50. Jarrah ( Eucalyptus marginata )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 8m flowering
Variation 4 11 m
Variation 1 2,5 m
Variation 2 6,5 m flowering
50. Jarrah ( Eucalyptus marginata )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
51. Manna Gum ( Eucalyptus viminalis )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Tree, evergreen broadleaf, broad columnar Height : up to 50 m. (average around 25 m.) Origin : South-eastern Australia (Victoria, New South Wales), Tasmania Environment : mountain forests Climate : warm, temperate
Notes :
Also known as Wild Gum or Ribbon Gum, this tree is widely distributed in the cooler Southeastern regions of Australia, and in Tasmania as well. The leaves are one of the favourites of Koalas. The high sugar content of the sap makes the trunk also a food source for tree dwelling marsupial mammals. The timber is easily workable but has low durability. The tallest known exemplar is in Tasmania, it reaches the unusual impressive height of 89 m.
Variation 3 8m fruits
Variation 8 20 m
Variation 9 22 m
Variation 6 15 m
Variation 7 18 m
51. Manna Gum ( Eucalyptus viminalis )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Variation 4 10 m flowering
Variation 5 12 m
Variation 1 2m
Variation 2 6m fruits
51. Manna Gum ( Eucalyptus viminalis )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
52. Red Silky Oak ( Grevillea banksii )
OCEANIA 3
Shrub/Small tree, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 7 m. Origin : Eastern Australia (Queensland, New South Wales) Environment : headlands, ridges and forests; along coasts Climate : warm, temperate Notes :
The Red Silky Oak is a tall spreading shrub, sometimes small tree, that has nothing to do with the real oaks. The flowering happens for most of the year, but particularly in winter and spring. While the shrub form is more common in the cultivated varieties, the small tree form is easier to be found in the wild, except along the coast where the shrub form is predominant. The beautiful and almost constant flowering has made of this species a favourite of home gardens.
Variation 9 4,5 m flowering
xfrogplants
Variation 8 4m flowering
Variation 7 3,5 m
Variation 6 3m flowering
Variation 5 2,5 m flowering
52. Red Silky Oak ( Grevillea banksii )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 1,7 m flowering
Variation 1 0,65 m flowering
Variation 4 2,2 m flowering
Variation 2 1m flowers and fruits
52. Red Silky Oak ( Grevillea banksii )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
53. Grey Spider Flower ( Grevillea buxifolia )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Shrub, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : usually up to 1,5 m., occasionally up to 2,5 m. Origin : Southeast Australia (New South Wales) Environment : woodland and open coastal forests;
on well-drained soils Climate : warm, temperate
Notes :
The Grey Spider Flower is a short sized shrub of rounded shape. Once established, it withstands long dry periods and is tolerant of moderate frost. It thrives in full sunlight and does well also in semi-shaded situations. It requires well-drained soils. The flowers appear in late Winter and Spring. Two cultivars of this species have also been created for home gardens.
Variation 5 1,5 m flowering
Variation 8 2,3 m flowering
Variation 9 2,5 m flowering Variation 6 1,8 m flowering
Variation 7 2m flowering
53. Grey Spider Flower ( Grevillea buxifolia )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 1m flowering
Variation 4 1,2 m flowering
Variation 1 0,4 m flowering
Variation 2 0,7 m flowering
53. Grey Spider Flower ( Grevillea buxifolia )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
54. Rosemary Grevillea ( Grevillea rosmarinifolia )
OCEANIA 3
Shrub, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 2 m. Origin : Southeast Australia
(Queensland, New South Wales) Environment : Woodland, mallee and scrubland Climate : warm, temperate; frost-resistant
Notes :
Rosemary Grevillea is a small rounded shrub. The leaves resemble those of Rosemary, hence the name. There is an interesting story regarding the type form (i.e. the original recorded form) of this plant. It was believed to be extinct in the native area, until some specimens were found in the Edinburgh Botanical Garden, brought there by the discoverer (Allan Cunningham). Then, a new search in the original location rediscovered the type form in the original habitat. This species tolerates even heavy frost and can withstand moderate pruning.
Variation 6 1,2 m flowering
xfrogplants
Variation 9 2m flowering
Variation 8 1,8 m flowering
Variation 7 1,5 m flowering
54. Rosemary Grevillea ( Grevillea rosmarinifolia )
Variation 5 1m flowering
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 0,6 m flowering
Variation 4 0,7 m
Variation 1 0,35 m
Variation 2 0,5 m flowering
54. Rosemary Grevillea ( Grevillea rosmarinifolia )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
55. Queensland Fan Palm ( Licuala ramsayi )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Fan Palm, solitary Height : up to 6 m. Origin : Australia (Queensland), New Guinea Environment : rainforest; in shade or filtered light; on rich,
well-drained soils Climate : hot, warm; humid; frost-intolerant; wind-resistant
Notes :
Also known as Chakoro (Aboriginal name), this rainforest palm can withstand and survive even powerful hurricanes. It is found in North-eastern Australia and in New Guinea. It is a very beautiful palm, the king of the understory of Australian rainforest. It is also widely cultivated as decorative species, and does well in warm areas such as urban Queensland or California, as long as it is kept in a constant shade position. This species does not tolerate frost. Variation 9 6m flowering
Variation 7 4,4 m
Variation 8 4,5 m fruits
Variation 5 3m
Variation 6 3,5 m
55. Queensland Fan Palm ( Licuala ramsayi )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 2m
Variation 4 2,7 m
Variation 1 0,4 m
Variation 2 1,4 m
55. Queensland Fan Palm ( Licuala ramsayi )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
56. Australian Tea Tree ( Melaleuca alternifolia )
OCEANIA 3
Small tree/Shrub, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 10 m. (commonly around 6 m.) Origin : Western Australia Environment : along streams, on swampy flats, along
coast and adjacent ranges; on humid soils Climate : warm, temperate
Notes :
Also called Narrow-leaved paperbark or Snow in Summer, this small tree, sometimes found as shrub, was used by the crew of Capt. Cook as a tea replacement, hence the common name of Tea Tree, quite misleading, since this species has nothing to do with the real tea plant (Camellia sinensis), in fact it’s part of the Myrtaceae family. This species likes humid soils and can survive waterlogged temporary conditions. It is commercially important for the production of essential oil, that has anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties.
Variation 8 7m
xfrogplants
Variation 7 5m flowering
Variation 9 9m flowering
Variation 5 4m fruits
Variation 6 4,5 m fruits
56. Australian Tea Tree ( Melaleuca alternifolia )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 2,5 m fruits
Variation 4 3m
Variation 1 1m
Variation 2 1,5 m flowering
56. Australian Tea Tree ( Melaleuca alternifolia )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
57. Green Honey Myrtle ( Melaleuca diosmifolia )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Shrub, broadleaf evergreen, broad spreading Height : up to 3-4 m Origin : Western Australia Environment : along water courses, swamps, river flats, in woodlands or open forests; on sandy soils Climate : warm, temperate
Notes :
Also known as Rosy Paperbark, this species is well adaptable to a variety of climates and positions. It can be placed in full sun or in the shade. It tolerates some moderate frost. It flowers in late Spring and Summer. The Green Honey Myrtle is widely cultivated for decoration because the flowering period is prolonged through all Summer, and because it is a rustic hardy species that does not demand maintenance.
Variation 8 3,5 m flowering
Variation 7 3m flowering
Variation 9 4m Variation 6 2,3 m fruits
Variation 8 2,5 m
57. Green Honey Myrtle ( Melaleuca diosmifolia )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 1,5 m flowering
Variation 4 2m
Variation 2 1m
Variation 1 0,7 m fruits
57. Green Honey Myrtle ( Melaleuca diosmifolia )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
58. Broadleaved Paperbark ( Melaleuca quinquenervia )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Tree, broadleaf evergreen, broad columnar Height : up to 30 m. Origin : Northern Australia Environment : open forests, woodlands, along water courses and swamp edges; on deep, fertile soils Climate : warm, temperate
Notes :
Also known as Punk Tree or Paperbark Tea Tree, this is the tallest species of the Melaleuca genus. This tree, native to Northern Australia, has been imported to Southern Florida with the intent to help drain low-lying swampy areas. The consequences have been nearly disastrous because it became a highly flammable, strongly aggressive weed; in few years, it’s population in Southern Florida has nearly quadrupled. In it’s native Australia, instead, the Broadleaved Paperbark is a highly appreciated tree species for urban street and park decoration.
Variation 8 16 m
Variation 9 25 m fruits
Variation 7 12 m
Variation 5 10 m fruits
Variation 6 11 m
58. Broadleaved Paperbark ( Melaleuca quinquenervia )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 8m
Variation 4 9m
Variation 1 5m
Variation 2 7m flowering
58. Broadleaved Paperbark ( Melaleuca quinquenervia )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
59. Plum Pine ( Podocarpus elatus )
OCEANIA 3
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Tree, conifer evergreen, broad columnar Height : up to 35 m. (more commonly around 20 m.) Origin : East coast of Australia
(Queensland, New South Wales) Environment : subtropical, riverine and seashore rainforests Climate : warm, temperate
Notes :
Also known as Illawarra Plum. The fleshy part of the fruits is edible and used in condiments. The timber has fine even texture and is used for furniture, kitchen utensils and musical instruments (violins and pianos). The Podocarpus genus is one of the oldest living on earth, as it dates back to Triassic. It originated in the ancient Southern continent of Gondwana and it’s not natively represented in the Northern hemisphere because it did not have the time to spread into Laurasia before Pangaea broke up.
Variation 7 11 m
Variation 8 15 m
Variation 9 20 m
Variation 5 8m flowering
Variation 6 9m
59. Plum Pine ( Podocarpus elatus )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 7m fruits
Variation 4 7,5 m fruits
Variation 1 5m flowering
Variation 2 6m flowering
59. Plum Pine ( Podocarpus elatus )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
60. Foxtail Palm ( Wodyetia bifurcata )
OCEANIA 3
Pinnate palm, solitary Height : up to 10-12 m. Origin : North-eastern Australia (Cape Melville) Environment : boulder strewn, exposed gravel hills;
in full sunlight; on well-drained, gravely sandy soils Climate : hot, warm; frost-intolerant
Notes :
The Foxtail Palm leaves are arranged all around the stem, sprouting out of all angles and not only at specific angles (as it happens with all other palms). Hence the fox tail aspect. It was unknown to professional botanists until an Aboriginal man called Wodyeti revealed it’s existence in 1979. The news and the consequent huge demand for this palm fuelled an illegal collection of plants and seeds that severely decimated the native population of this unique palm, almost to the extinction point. Today, the Foxtail Palm is protected in the native area, and has become one of the most popular decorative palms worldwide.
Variation 5 6m fruits
xfrogplants
Variation 9 11 m Variation 8 8,5 m fruits
Variation 6 6,5 m flowering
Variation 7 7m
60. Foxtail Palm ( Wodyetia bifurcata )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
Variation 3 4,5 m fruits
Variation 4 5m
Variation 1 3m
Variation 2 4m
60. Foxtail Palm ( Wodyetia bifurcata )
OCEANIA 3
xfrogplants
XfrogPlants | Prehistoric
XfrogPlants PREHISTORIC Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2014 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
PREHISTORIC
Notes about this Prehistoric Library We have decided to include in this Prehistoric library many of the most important species of ground vegetation which populated the Earth from the start of the Devonian period of the Paleo-zoic era (410 millions of years ago) until the very end of Mesozoic era (Cretaceous period, ended 65 millions of years ago). The reasons why we limited the library to this range is because the ground vegetation before the Devonian was, visually speaking, not much significant, while in the Cenozoic (from 65 millions of years ago to today) it was so much similar to today’s species that it did not make much sense to replicate them here, since they are available in all the other XfrogPlants libraries. A similar criterion has guided us in choosing the 20 representatives for this library. We have cho-sen to not include those species (like Ginkgo and the Giant Sequoia, for instance) that, although already existent and widely diffused in the Mesozoic, are already present in the XfrogPlants li-braries, and are available through them. We always gave priority to those extinct species that were not yet available. Of course, the ground vegetation of over 300 millions of years can not be resumed in just 20 species. But you can fill your prehistoric scenes with those species present in the other Xfrog-Plants libraries that were already existing in prehistoric times. To make your selection easier, we have included in this document a table which lists the most significant species of the other Xfrog-Plants libraries that you can use in your prehistoric renders, while still being scientifically correct. Please take a look at it, at the end of this document. To make the consultation of the Prehistoric library cards the most immediate possible, we have colour-coded the periods and marked the single cards accordingly. And knowing that many of you will want to make dinosaur pictures, we have even added a tiny dinosaur icon next to those species who lived in the so-called “dinosaur age” (late Triassic to Cretaceous) We also have provided a quick reference table, colourcoded, with all the basic weather, floral and faunal information you need to start creating your prehistoric 3D landscapes. Thank you for purchasing the XfrogPlants Prehistoric library!
XfrogPlants
Quick guide to Prehistoric periods*
PREHISTORIC
*note: this guide only includes the periods covered by this Prehistoric library. Also, by “flora” and “fauna” we mostly refer to ground flora and ground fauna only.
Era
Period
(millions of years)
DEVONIAN (417-354)
PALEOZOIC
MESOZOIC
Short Description CLIMATE: generally warm. FLORA: the vegetation starts to conquer the ground next to the water courses. Among the many primitive forms, there is already what can be considered as the first real tree on Earth: Archaeopteris. In the inner lands, huge deserts dominate. FAUNA: no real ground fauna yet, except perhaps for a few early amphibians (this hypothesis is still disputed). Lots of fish in the sea.
CARBONIFEROUS (354-290)
CLIMATE: warm and very humid in the first half; drier and colder in the second half, with stronger seasonal alternation and a long glaciation in the end, which continues through early Permian. FLORA: the most lusciously green of all periods in Earth history. Huge lycopods and equisetites, earliest conifers, and the now disappeared “seed ferns” dominating the scene. Oxygen in air reaches 35% (thus big fires everywhere). FAUNA: amphibians, big insects, and some early ancient reptiles and synapsids (pre-mammalians).
PERMIAN (290-248)
CLIMATE: more arid as inner seas evaporate, creating large deserts. Big differences between coasts and inner lands. Temperatures progressively warming up. FLORA: the arid conditions limit the lycopods and equisetites in favour of ferns, conifers, and the earliest gingkos and cycadeoids. FAUNA: Permian sees the “boom” of ground fauna. Pelycosauria (synapsides) such as Dimetrodon dominate the first half and from them both mammals and today’s modern reptiles later evolved. In the second half of Permian, cynodonts (also pre-mammals) become dominant, but the ancient reptiles survive.
TRIASSIC (248-206)
CLIMATE: warm and arid in the inner lands, mild and humid near the ocean. FLORA: luscious forests alternated with savannahs and large arid deserts, very much like today’s Africa. Bennettitales and Araucariaceae appear. FAUNA: the big Permian extinction interrupts the dominance of pre-mammals as the climate is getting more and more favourable to reptiles. It is during the Triassic that the first dinosaurs appear, evolved from the ancient reptiles. Therapsides (early pre-mammals) resist for a while, then disappear. The first, small mammals appear.
JURASSIC (206-142)
CRETACEOUS (142-65)
CLIMATE: after a short initial cool dry interval, very warm and humid, “greenhouse-like” conditions become consistent for all period. No ice on poles. FLORA: the humid climate stops the expansion of the Permian-Triassic deserts and almost everywhere in the Jurassic we have thick luscious forests of conifers, ginkgos, cycadeoids, bennettitales and tree ferns, with some sporadic arid areas and transitional savannahs. FAUNA: the Triassic extinction opens the way to the long-term dominance of di-nosaurs. Cynodonts (the last pre-mammals to give up) resist a while, then disap-pear. Only the smallest mammals survive, hiding themselves in the dark of the nights. CLIMATE: although still warm, the climate becomes drier and somewhere even arid. In the second half of the period, temperatures cool down considerably and the weather becomes more seasonal. FLORA: the ancient ferns finally disappear, leaving room to the modern time ferns. Due to the dryer conditions, the Jurassic forests open up again, making room for more savannahs and deserts. In the second half, the cooler temperatures allow the first appearance of the flowering plants and of several of today’s trees as well. FAUNA: Cretaceous is still the age of dinosaurs, but although dominant, they start to show signs of decadence even before the Cretaceous mass extinction hits them.
XfrogPlants
01.
Alethopteris
PREHISTORIC
( Alethopteris serli )
XfrogPlants
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Seed Fern Period : Late Carboniferous to Early Permian Environment : Swampy areas, humid places Climate : Temperate, cool Notes : Alethopteris was the main genus of the famous “seed ferns” which populated the Carboniferous period. It could grow like a shrub or a small tree. The seed ferns featured distinctive fronds whose parts looked more like some of today’s broadleaf leaflets than they look like today’s ferns’ fronds. But mostly, it’s the seed “cones” they used to bear which make them look unique compared to today’s ferns. All seed ferns are long-time extinct.
Adult 6m
PREHISTORIC
XfrogPlants
Medium 3.5 m Young 1m
01. Alethopteris ( Alethopteris serli )
02.
Araucaria
PREHISTORIC
( Araucaria sp. )
XfrogPlants
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Tree, evergreen conifer Period : Triassic to present day Environment : Hill forests and mountain tops Climate : Warm, temperate Notes : Araucariaceae is a very successful early conifer order who appeared on Earth in the Triassic period and lasted until today with several living species (amongst which the most famous is the so-called “Monkey puzzle tree”). The extinct spe-cies were more monumental than today’s survivors, as they were able to grow up to 40 meters high! The look of extinct species is also believed to have been different, more similar to today’s redwoods (especially in the old age).
Adult 40 m
PREHISTORIC
Medium 10 m
Young 4m
02. Araucaria ( Araucaria sp. )
XfrogPlants
03.
Archaeopteris
PREHISTORIC
( Archaeopteris sp. )
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Arboreal fern Period : Devonian Environment : Coastal regions, river borders, floodplains Climate : Warm Notes :
Archaeopteris is one of Earth’s earliest trees, if not the earliest. Like all Devonian vegetation, it used to grow close to waters. Diffused in both Laurasia and Gondwana, it reproduced itself through spores. A real revolutionary species , it broke many “rules” of the time, such as vertical-only growth (he could grew lateral) and shallow roots (it’s roots were deeper than 1 mt.). It was the ancestor of many species of the following periods and the first “modern” tree.
Adult 30 m
PREHISTORIC
Medium 12 m
03. Archaeopteris ( Archaeopteris sp. )
Young 6m
XfrogPlants
04.
Asterophyllites
( Asterophyllites equisetiformis )
PREHISTORIC
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Plant Period : Carboniferous Environment : Coastal regions, river borders, floodplains Climate : Warm and humid Notes :
Asterophyillites is one of the many plants of the Carboniferous that used to grow up to gigantic proportions: as big as an average tree. The main stem was made of a material similar to bamboo. It was closely related to the Calamites (the tree-sized “horsetails” of the times), hence it’s “equisetiformis” name. Asterophyllites did not survive the Carboniferous, while the Equisetites could make it until today (although at the price of a significant reduction in size).
Adult 20 m
PREHISTORIC
Medium 11 m
Young 5m
04. Asterophyllites ( Asterophyllites equisetiformis )
XfrogPlants
05.
Asteroxylon
PREHISTORIC
( Asteroxylon mackiei )
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Plant Period : Devonian to Early Carboniferous Environment : Swampy areas, river borders Climate : Warm and humid Notes :
Asteroxylon was one of the earliest lycopods and one of the Rhynie plants, an order that was dominant in the Devonian period. Unlike the other Rhynie plants, thought, Asteroxylon could probably survive in temporarily dry environment. The vertical stems raised from a long horizontal stem which was connected with the roots. The leaves looked like scales tightly pressed on the stem. For scientific reasons, this plant is today regarded as the ancestor of today’s clubmosses.
Adult 4m
PREHISTORIC
Young 1m
Medium 2m
05. Asteroxylon ( Asteroxylon mackiei )
XfrogPlants
06.
Bjuvia
PREHISTORIC
( Bjuvia simplex )
XfrogPlants
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Cycadale Period : Permian to Triassic Environment : Open and sunny planes Climate : Warm and dry Notes : Bjuvia simplex is a cycadale with a simple leaf pattern that resembles that of Taeniopteris, an archaic tree fern. After the Carboniferous glaciation, with the Permian arid climate, Bjuvia and all archaic cycadales could find more room to live as the plants of humid environments had to give up more and more space. Finally in the late Triassic Bjuvia and other archaic cycadales had to disappear in favour of more complex cycadeoids such as Bennettitales.
Adult 8m
PREHISTORIC
Medium 5m
Young 3m
06. Bjuvia ( Bjuvia simplex )
XfrogPlants
07.
Calamites
PREHISTORIC
( Calamites sp. Equisetites ssp. )
XfrogPlants
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Plant Period : Devonian to present day Environment : Coastal regions, river borders, swamps, floodplains Climate : Warm Notes :
Equisetites are the most enduring ground vegetation that ever existed. During Carboniferous, some of them became tall and large like trees: the Calamites. Calamites faced hard times in the Permian, but they managed to resist in Gondwana where they evolved into the giant Neocalamites. With the advent of Jurassic flora Neocalamites disappeared, but smaller equisetites survived. Today only the smallest survive, the so-called “horsetails”. Equisetites were a vital food source for dinosaurs, because even when eaten they could keep growing from the underground.
Adult 8m
PREHISTORIC
Medium 5m
Young 2m
07. Calamites ( Calamites sp. Equisetites ssp. )
XfrogPlants
08.
Cordaites
PREHISTORIC
( Cordaites angulostriatus )
XfrogPlants
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Arboreal plant Period : Carboniferous to Permian Environment : Swamps and floodplains, or mountain tops Climate : Warm and humid Notes :
Cordaites are considered the ancestors of conifers. They were plants with an arboreal shape. They could grow very high. It was disputed for a long time if they were swamp plants or not. It is accepted today that some used to grow as mountain trees, while other grew in swamps, and for that reason developed a system of aerial roots not unlike from those of other living species (such as Bald Cypress or Mangroviae). We offer the choice of both roots, normal and aerial.
Adult 45 m
PREHISTORIC
Medium 12 m
Young 8m
08. Cordaites ( Cordaites angulostriatus )
XfrogPlants
09.
Cycadeoidea Gigantea
PREHISTORIC
( Cycadeoidea gigantea )
XfrogPlants
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Cycadeoidea Period : Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Environment : Diffused (forests, open plains) Climate : Warm and humid Notes :
Cycadales, but mostly Cycadeoideae (like Bennettitales) were so abundant during the Jurassic period that Jurassic is often called the “Cycads age”. Some of these plants could grow as tall as trees. Both Cycadales and Cycadeoideae are the result of the evolution of Pteridosperms, from which they started to differentiate since Triassic. Their fate was different: Cycadales, less numerous at the time, could survive Mesoizoic and arrive to present day, while Cycadeoideae, by far more numerous in the Mesozoic, could not survive the Cretaceous mass extinction and died together with the dinosaurs.
Adult 2.5 m
PREHISTORIC
Medium 1.5 m Young 1m
09. Cycadeoidea Gigantea ( Cycadeoidea gigantea )
XfrogPlants
10.
Dicroidium
PREHISTORIC
( Dicroidium sp. )
XfrogPlants
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Seed Plant Period : Triassic to Early Jurassic Environment : Tropical forests of tree ferns Climate : Warm Notes :
Dicroidium was one of the main components of the Gondwana flora during Triassic. It was a Pteridosperm, one of those plants commonly known as seed ferns (although it was not a fern). It used to be diffused all over the globe until the terrible Triassic extinction wiped it off completely from the Northern Hemisphere. It survived in Gondwana, but finally lost the height competition to the Jurassic trees. Today, the Dicroidium genus still exists, but only as a small plant, which can be found in Australia.
Adult 4m
PREHISTORIC
Medium 2m
10. Dicroidium ( Dicroidium sp. )
Young 1.5 m
XfrogPlants
11.
Glossopteris
( Glossopteris sp. )
PREHISTORIC
XfrogPlants
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Seed Plant Period : Permian to Triassic Environment : Humid plains Climate : Warm and humid Notes :
Glossopteris is the most important of those Pteridosperms (seed plants) who dominated the Permian period. Over 70 fossil species of the Glossopteridales genus alone have been found so far! The reproductive system of Glossopteris was located on the leaves (some leaves were dedicated to the reproduction task). Also unusual are the roots, with their regular partitions that looked like animal vertebrae. Glossopteridales decreased in number after Permian, to be completely extinct at the end of Triassic.
Adult 10 m
PREHISTORIC
Medium 6m Young 4m
11. Glossopteris ( Glossopteris sp. )
XfrogPlants
12.
Lepidodendron
PREHISTORIC
( Lepidodendron aculeatum )
XfrogPlants
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Arboreal plant Period : Carboniferous to early Permian Environment : Swamps and floodplain forests Climate : Warm and humid Notes :
Lepidodendron was a giant (45 mts.) arborescent lycopod that formed (with Sigillaria and Calamites) the huge forests of the Carboniferous, which are, as fossil carbon, one of today’s main energy sources. The roots (stigmaria) of Lepidodendron, like those of Sigillaria, were “Y” shaped. The simple branches only grew in the upper part of the trunk. It is still disputed if it had cones or not: they have been found near, but never attached to the tree. We provide the choice of cones on all models. The whole trunk of Lepidodendron carries unmistakable diamond-shaped scars of fallen leaves.
Adult 45 m
PREHISTORIC
Medium 12 m
Young 8m
12. Lepidodendron ( Lepidodendron aculeatum )
XfrogPlants
13.
Macrotaeniopteris
PREHISTORIC
( Macrotaeniopteris magnifolia )
XfrogPlants
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Cycadale Period : Triassic Environment : Swamps, river borders Climate : Warm and humid Notes :
Macrotaeniopteridae was a genus of Triassic flora which belonged to the Cycadales. The magnifolia species consisted in a single, giant leaf growing on small trunks, often underwater. The cone-like inflorescence was apparently a series of seeds tightly pressed on a small stem growing at the base of the plant: the reproductive structure as a whole resembled tiny loose cones. Macrotaeniopteris grew together with other swamp vegetation of the time.
Adult 3m
PREHISTORIC
Medium 2m Young 1m
13. Macrotaeniopteris ( Macrotaeniopteris magnifolia )
XfrogPlants
14.
Nipa
PREHISTORIC
( Nipa burtinii )
XfrogPlants
uuuuuu
Palm Period : Late Cretaceous to present day Environment : Swamps, river borders, humid areas Climate : Warm and humid Notes :
Nipa is a genus of palms of which some species still exist today. They are trunk-less palms (or, when there is a trunk, it is tiny). The leaves of Nipa burtinii were big and long, with spiky leaflets. This species grew next to each other to form dense and intricate vegetation barriers along the rivers and swamps, and in all humid areas. A particular characteristic of Nipa burtinii were the big nuts (much similar to those of Coconut palm) which hung from a fruit stem growing at the base of the main stem.
Adult 2m
PREHISTORIC
Medium 1.5 m
Young 1m
14. Nipa ( Nipa burtinii )
XfrogPlants
15.
Onychiopsis
PREHISTORIC
( Onychiopsis sp. )
XfrogPlants
uuuuuu
Fern Period : Cretaceous Environment : Forests edges, lake and river borders, humid plains Climate : Warm and humid Notes :
Onychiopsis was a Cretaceous fern with fine feathery fronds. It was an important part of the groundcover of Cretaceous period. It grew in association with other ferns, cycadales, and cycadeoideae to cover large regions of ground land at the edges of the forests of conifers, ginkgos, and (in the late period) of the earliest flowering broadleaves.
Adult 1m
PREHISTORIC
Medium 0.6 m
Young 0.4 m
15. Onychiopsis ( Onychiopsis sp. )
XfrogPlants
16.
Pachypteris
PREHISTORIC
( Pachypteris sp. )
XfrogPlants
uuuuuu
Arboreal Plant Period : Triassic to Cretaceous Environment : Humid places, stagnating waters, sea coasts, salt ponds Climate : Warm and humid Notes :
Pachypteris covered all the Mesozoic era from Triassic to Cretaceous, but reached it’s peak in the Jurassic, when it was one of the most important components of ground flora. It was a low-growing plant with a woody trunk, whose leaves were covered with a think external layer of a substance similar to wax. It was certainly featured as a prominent groundcover species in all humid areas. It was salt-resistant and therefore it could grow next to sea coasts, and even directly in salt-ponds as well. Pachypteris was one of the last Pteridosperms to disappear with the Cretaceous mass extinction.
Adult 3m
PREHISTORIC
Medium 2m
Young 1m
16. Pachypteris ( Pachypteris sp. )
XfrogPlants
17.
Sigillaria
PREHISTORIC
( Sigillaria scutellata )
XfrogPlants
uuuuuu
Arboreal Plant Period : Carboniferous to early Permian Environment : swamps and floodplain forests Climate : warm and humid Notes :
The “twin” of Lepidodendron, Sigillaria (with it’s several species) shared with it the domination over the huge humid Carboniferous forests. Like Lepidodendron, Sigillaria has the so-called “stigmaria” Y-shaped roots, and a trunk marked by the scars of fallen leaves, which, in the case of Sigillaria, look like round marks left by a seal (hence the “Sigillaria” name). The most distinctive feature of Sigillaria was the trunk, which was also Y-shaped and ended with two thick bunches of leaves that, in adult individuals, could in turn split and become four. The fruits were hanging cones.
Adult 35 m
PREHISTORIC
Medium 18 m
Young 12 m
17. Sigillaria ( Sigillaria scutellata )
XfrogPlants
18.
Tempskya
PREHISTORIC
( Tempskya sp. )
XfrogPlants
uuuuuu
Tree Fern Period : Cretaceous Environment : humid plains and valleys, tropical forests Climate : warm and humid Notes :
Tempskya was a tree fern diffused in the Cretaceous period. It’s large trunk was in fact the optical result of many fern stems growing tightly pressed one to each other. Tree ferns were much diffused over the Mesozoic era and some of them survived today, evolved into more modern species, which can still be found in some tropical regions of today’s Earth but don’t always look like their ancestors. With it’s distinctive and unusual (for us) appearance, Tempskya must have been a landmark of Cretaceous landscape, and it’s fronds a good source of food for vegetarian dinosaurs.
Adult 15 m
PREHISTORIC
Medium 9m
Young 5m
18. Tempskya ( Tempskya sp. )
XfrogPlants
19.
Williamsonia
PREHISTORIC
( Williamsonia gigas )
XfrogPlants
uuuuuu
Bennettitale Period : Jurassic to Cretaceous Environment : Tropical forests, open plains, in association with tree ferns Climate : Warm and humid Notes :
Wiliamsoniae are the biggest of the Bennettitales order which some thinks (but it’s still disputed) that could be part of the big family of Cycadeoideae, which dominated the flora of Jurassic and Cretaceous. Williamsonia gigas was in turn the biggest of all Williamsoniae and could grow as tall as a small tree. It’s most distinctive features are the big “flowers”, which were really a group of seeds surrounded by a crown of bracteae. However they must have looked remarkable in a flowerless landscape such as that of Jurassic. Williamsonia was a largely diffused plant throughout the Jurassic but was present (although less numerous) in the Cretaceous as well.
Adult 5m
PREHISTORIC
Medium 3m
Young 2m
19. Williamsonia ( Williamsonia gigas )
XfrogPlants
20.
Wollemia Pine
PREHISTORIC
( Wollemia nobilis )
XfrogPlants
uuuuuu
Tree, evergreen conifer Period : Jurassic to present day Environment : Conifer forests Climate : Warm Notes :
The Wollemi Pine belongs to the Araucariaceae family and is therefore not a real pine, but a relative of the Monkey Puzzle tree. Wollemis are species who first appeared in the Jurassic and were believed extinct, until in 1994 David Noble, a Wildlife Officer, found some in a groove in a sheltered place in the Wollemi Park (Australia). The most remarkable aspect of this tree is the bark, which looks like a conglomerate of little balls, often covered with resin. The Wollemi pine was a diffused inhabitant of the conifer forests that offered shelter and food to many vegetarian dinosaurs of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
Adult 40 m
PREHISTORIC
Medium 20 m
Young 2m
20. Wollemia Pine ( Wollemia nobilis )
XfrogPlants
PREHISTORIC How to fill your prehistoric landscapes using the other XfrogPlants libraries: Here is a list of some of today’s tree species that existed in the prehistoric times and are already featured in the XfrogPlants libraries. Use them to fill the landscapes created with this Prehistoric library. For each species, information about which available XfrogPlants library contains the models is provided, and colour-coded information is provided on which period they can be placed into in order to be scientifically correct (you can find the colour code reference in the last pages of this document). Note: when a specific species was not present, but the genus was (like the spruces for instance), you’ll find the generic indication “sp” next to the Latin name. This means that although the specific species was not there, the genus was, and therefore you can use the modern species as acceptable substitutes, especially if seen from a distance.
Species
Period
XfrogPlants Libraries
GINKGO (Ginkgo Biloba)
Since late Permian uuuu
Japanese Autumn Colors
SOUTHERN MAGNOLIA (Magnolia grandiflora)
Since late Cretaceous u
Basic Blossoming USA East
GIANT SEQUOIA (Sequoiadendron giganteum)
Since Jurassic uu
USA West
BALD CYPRESS (Taxodium distichum)
Since Jurassic uu
Autumn Colors USA East
SAGO PALM (Cycas revoluta)
Since Jurassic uu
HousePlants
MYRTLE (Myrtus communis)
Since late Cretaceous u
Mediterranean
OLEANDER (Nerium oleander)
Since late Cretaceous u
Mediterranean Blossoming
LAUREL (Laurus nobilis)
Since late Cretaceous u
Mediterranean
FICUS TREES (Ficus sp.)
Since late Cretaceous u
Fruit
BAMBOOS (Phyllostachys sp.)
Since late Cretaceous u
Japanese
PLANE TREES (Platanus sp.)
Since late Cretaceous u
Basic Autumn Colors Europe 1 USA East
POPLARS (Populus sp.)
Since late Cretaceous u
Europe 1 USA East
XfrogPlants
PREHISTORIC Species
Period
XfrogPlants Libraries
SPRUCES (Picea sp.)
Since late Cretaceous u
Basic Europe 2 USA West USA Conifers Japanese
WILLOWS (Salix sp.)
Since late Cretaceous u
Basic Europe 1
ASHES (Fraxinus sp.)
Since late Cretaceous u
US East Europe 2 Mediterranean
OAKS (Quercus sp.)
Since late Cretaceous u
Autumn Colours US East US West Europe 1 Europe 2 Mediterranean
SASSAFRAS (Sassafras albidum)
Since late Cretaceous u
Basic USA East
TULIP TREE (Liriodendron tulipifera)
Since late Cretaceous u
Autumn Colours USA East
JUNIPERS (Juniperus sp.)
Since Jurassic uu
USA East USA West USA Conifers Europe 2 Mediterranean Japanese
TAMARISK (Tamarix gallica)
Since late Cretaceous u
Mediterranean
OLIVE TREE (Olea europaea)
Since late Cretaceous u
Mediterranean
BRISTLECONE PINE (Pinus aristata)
Since late Cretaceous u
USA West
CYPRESSES (Cupressus sp.)
Since Jurassic uu
USA West Europe 2 Mediterranean
ATLAS CEDAR (Cedrus atlantica)
Since late Cretaceous u
Mediterranean
LEBANON CEDAR (Cedrus atlantica)
Since late Cretaceous u
Mediterranean
CUPRESSACEAE (Chamaecyparis sp.)
Since Jurassic uu
Basic
TAXACEAE (Taxus sp.)
Since Jurassic uu
Basic Europe 1 US West
XfrogPlants
XfrogPlants | Red Sea
XfrogPlants RED SEA Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2043 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
01.
Red Sea Fan
RED SEA
( Acabaria biserialis )
Clade : Cnidaria Depth : Deeper than -10 m Distribution : Red Sea Environment : Coral reef slopes Climate : Warm waters Notes :
The Red Sea Fan lives wirthin protected outer reefs starting from a depth of 10 m. This coral can grow around 1cm. per month, and like Annella mollis it orientates it’s fan transverse to the current. The branches consist of chalky parts connected by a horn-like material.
Model 3 90 cm
XfrogPlants
RED SEA
Model 2 90 cm
01. Red Sea Fan ( Acabaria biserialis )
Model 1 50 cm
XfrogPlants
02.
Crown Of Thorns Starfish
RED SEA
( Acanthaster planci )
Clade : Echinodermata Depth : -0.5 to -30 m Distribution : Red Sea to Central America Environment : Coral reef Climate : Warm waters Notes :
The Crown Of Thorns belongs (like sea urchins, brittle stars and other classes) to the clade of Echinodermata. The colour is very variable and can range from red over magenta to olive. Likewise variable is the number of arms (10-23). Coral polyps are the prefered nutrition, which already led to a wide destruction of coral reefs, in case of an outbreak. One should avoid the contact with the pricks, as painful injuries can develop in combination with a separately secreted poisonous mucus.
Model 3 9 cm
XfrogPlants
RED SEA
Model 2 8 cm
Model 1 8 cm
02. Crown Of Thorns Starfish ( Acanthaster planci )
XfrogPlants
03.
Low Acropora
RED SEA
( Acropora hemprichi )
Clade : Cnidaria Depth : -2 to -30 m Distribution : Red Sea to Sri Lanka Environment : Exposed reef slopes Climate : Warm waters Notes :
This Acropora species settles on exposed reef roofs and the upper section of the reef slopes. Acropora of the Red Sea in general are usually strongly colored, particularly at the axial polyps of the branch tips. They nourish themselves like many other stone coral of the photosynthesis products of the stored zooxanthells, but also of planctonic organisms.
Model 1 30 cm
XfrogPlants
RED SEA
Model 2 36 cm
Model 3 25 cm
03. Low Acropora ( Acropora hemprichi )
XfrogPlants
04.
Giant Sea Fan
RED SEA
( Annella mollis )
Clade : Cnidaria Depth : -10 to -50 m Distribution : Red Sea and West Pacific Environment : Exposed reef slopes Climate : Warm waters Notes :
The Giant Sea Fan belongs to the class of the flower animals (Anthozoa) and always place their up to 2 meters large fans transverse to the sea current. Thus it can fish its food, small plancton, better out of water. This coral species is usually found in depths of down to 50 m. in the external reefs.
Model 3 1.6 m
XfrogPlants
RED SEA
Model 2 1.7 m Model 1 1.7 m
04. Giant Sea Fan ( Annella mollis )
XfrogPlants
05.
Naked Basket Star
RED SEA
( Astroba nuda )
Clade : Echinodermata Depth : -1 to -20 m Distribution : Red Sea to New Caledonia Environment : Exposed reef formations, in strong currents Climate : Warm waters Notes :
As representative species of the Brittle Stars class, the Naked Basket Star is part of the Echinodermata phylum, which also encompasses other sea urchins. The strongly ramified branches are very flexible by their small branch vertebrae. During the day Astroba nuda hides itself in columns and chinks within the reef, while they spread around their arms at night to catch food at exposed places.
Model 1 1m
XfrogPlants
RED SEA
Model 2 1m
Model 3 1.1 m
05. Naked Basket Star ( Astroba nuda )
XfrogPlants
06.
Grape Caulerpa
RED SEA
( Caulerpa racemosa )
Clade : Chlorophyta (green algae) Depth : 0 to –35 m Distribution : Tropical Environment : All kind of habitats, form tidal pools to reef slopes Climate : Warm waters Notes :
This edible alga inhabits a large number of different habitats within the reef, from tidal pools to the reef slopes of outer reefs. The alga spreads by tiller and forms dense populations, which can be found in almost all tropical areas.
Model 3 6 cm
XfrogPlants
RED SEA
Model 2 9 cm
Model 1 7 cm
06. Grape Caulerpa ( Caulerpa racemosa )
XfrogPlants
07.
Feather Caulerpa
RED SEA
( Caulerpa sertularoides )
Clade : Chlorophyta (green algae) Depth : 0 to –10 m. Distribution : Tropical Environment : All kind of habitats, form tidal pools to reef slopes Climate : Warm waters Notes :
It lives on both sand and hard ground in tidal pools. This kind is related to Caulerpa taxifolia, which became a problem in the Mediterranean area, thus they overgrow almost all habitats.
Model 3 20 cm
XfrogPlants
RED SEA
Model 2 30 cm
Model 1 35 cm
07. Feather Caulerpa ( Caulerpa sertularoides )
XfrogPlants
08.
Tube Anemone
RED SEA
( Cerianthus sp. )
Clade : Cnidaria Depth : -1 to –40 m. Distribution : Red Sea to Polynesia Environment : Sandy or muddy ground Climate : Warm waters Notes :
Cerianthus belongs to the class of the flower animals. With their up to 10cm through-measuring living tubes they live on sand- and mud grounds up to depths of 40m. The long and very numerously existing tentacles serves the catch of small invertebrates like small crustaceans. The body is usually slightly transparency.
Model 3 10 cm
XfrogPlants
RED SEA
Model 2 10 cm
Model 1 11 cm
08. Tube Anemone ( Cerianthus sp. )
XfrogPlants
09.
Carnation Coral
RED SEA
( Dendronephthya sp. )
Clade : Cnidaria Depth : -2 to –50 m. Distribution : Red Sea and West Pacific Environment : Sandy or muddy ground Climate : Warm waters Notes :
The carnation coral is part of the Soft corals. These do not possess a stable interior skeleton but attain their stability by hydrostatic pressure inside the body and by incorporated sclerits. These can often be remarkably colored. Carnation corals are known as pioneer settlers and inhabits from flat lagoons to deep reefs a wide variety of different habitats.
Model 3 60 cm
XfrogPlants
RED SEA
Model 2 60 cm
09. Carnation Coral ( Dendronephthya sp. )
Model 1 50 cm
XfrogPlants
10.
RED SEA ( Diadema setosum )
Clade : Echinodermata Depth : -0.5 to –25 m. Distribution : Red Sea to Polynesia Environment : Reef roofs, protected reef slopes Climate : Warm waters Notes :
The Long-Spined Sea Urchin inhabits like Echinometra mathaei reef roofs and protected reef slopes. You should stay away from the long pricks as they are very poisonous and cause painful wounds.
Model 1 30 cm
XfrogPlants
RED SEA
Model 2 60 cm
10. Long-Spined Sea Urchin ( Diadema setosum )
Model 3 60 cm
XfrogPlants
11.
Mathaeus Sea Urchin
RED SEA
( Echinometra mathaei )
Clade : Echinodermata Depth : 0 to –8 m. Distribution : Red Sea to Polynesia Environment : Reef roofs, protected reef slopes Climate : Warm waters Notes :
Mathaeus Sea Urchin is a frequent inhabitant of the reef. He is to be found on the reef roof and at the upper reef slopes. During the day they hide themselves in holes (scraped by their own) in the coral rocks, before they come out at night to food search. The contrast between the reddish-brown pricks and the white basal ring is salient.
Model 1 10 cm
XfrogPlants
RED SEA
Model 2 5 cm
Model 3 10 cm
11. Mathaeus Sea Urchin ( Echinometra mathaei )
XfrogPlants
12.
Groved Mosaic Coral
RED SEA
( Favia favus )
Clade : Cnidaria Depth : Varied Distribution : Red Sea to Polynesia Environment : Reef roofs, protected reef slopes Climate : Warm waters Notes :
This stone coral large and from each other separated cups and develops solid colonies. The color spectrum ranges from green to brown. At night the polyps are opened to catch food. You will find this species on reef roofs and at protected slopes.
Model 3 70 cm
XfrogPlants
RED SEA
Model 2 80 cm
Model 1 80 cm
12. Groved Mosaic Coral ( Favia favus )
XfrogPlants
13.
Curved Mushroom Coral
RED SEA
( Fungia scruposa )
Clade : Cnidaria Depth : -0.3 to –25 m. Distribution : Red Sea to Polynesia Environment : Reef roofs, reef slopes, lagoons Climate : Warm waters Notes :
This kind of coral belongs to the clade of family of mushroom corals, with its vagile colonies. It settles usually on rubble or on dead corals within the entire ecological range of the coral reef. The roundish or oval disks can reach a diameter up to 24cm.
Model 1 16 cm
XfrogPlants
RED SEA
Model 2 16 cm
Model 3 5 cm
13. Curved Mushroom Coral ( Fungia scruposa )
XfrogPlants
14.
Honeycomb Coral
RED SEA
( Goniastrea edwardsi )
Clade : Cnidaria Depth : Varied Distribution : Red Sea to Samoa Environment : Shallow slopes Climate : Warm waters Notes :
This stone coral can occur either in single separated colonies or in a columnar variant. The colouring covers a spectrum from pink to pale colors. It has a relatively high need for light and it is nourished by the photosynthesis of the incorporated zooxanthells and by catched plankton.
Model 1 50 cm
XfrogPlants
RED SEA
Model 2 80 cm
14. Honeycomb Coral ( Goniastrea edwardsi )
Model 3 80 cm
XfrogPlants
15.
Halimeda
RED SEA
( Halimeda sp. )
Clade : Chlorophyta (green algae) Depth : 0 to –50 m. Distribution : Tropical Environment : Between sea weed, on hard ground of reef slopes, on boulders Climate : Warm waters Notes :
The Halimeda algae settles usually on hard grounds and form by their individual chains close networks. The individual “leaves” of a chain consists to the majority of a chalky skeleton, that is visible if the algae dies.
Model 3 20 cm
XfrogPlants
RED SEA
Model 2 18 cm
Model 1 15 cm
15. Halimeda ( Halimeda sp. )
XfrogPlants
16.
Magnificent Anemone
RED SEA
( Heteractis magnifica )
Clade : Cnidaria Depth : -1 to –30 m. Distribution : Red Sea to Polynesia and South Africa Environment : deep lagoons, exposed coral reefs Climate : warm waters Notes :
The Magnificient Anemone can be found is in many different color morphs, from brown over yellow to violet. It settles mainly in deep lagoons and exposed outer reefs. When disturbed it forms a compact sphere, and stores their tentacles inside. The anemone is a host for the clown anemonefish (NEMO!), as well as for shrimps and porcelain crabs.
Model 1 15 cm
XfrogPlants
RED SEA
Model 2 20 cm
Model 4 35 cm
Model 3 15 cm
16. Magnificent Anemone ( Heteractis magnifica )
XfrogPlants
17.
Birds Nest Coral
RED SEA
( Seriatopora hystrix )
Clade : Cnidaria Depth : -0.3 to –30 m. Distribution : Red Sea to Polynesia Environment : Tidal zones of protected reefs, protected reef slopes, lagoons Climate : Warm waters Notes :
The Birds Nest Coral belongs to the Stone corals, which are the predominant reef constructing animals. It settles particularly in the tidal zone of protected reef roofs and lagoons. The colouring can reach bright beige of up to pink. It is a thin branched colony where polyps are often arranged in rows. There are to find however also forms with completely unordered polyp arrangement.
Model 3 33 cm
XfrogPlants
RED SEA
Model 2 35 cm
Model 1 25 cm
17. Birds Nest Coral ( Seriatopora hystrix )
XfrogPlants
18.
Colony Siphon Sponge
RED SEA
( Siphonochalina siphonella )
Clade : Porifera (sponges) Depth : -2 to –35 m. Distribution : Red Sea Environment : protected reef slopes, lagoons Climate : warm waters Notes :
The Colony Siphon Sponge belongs to the clade of sponges (porifera) which already for 500 million years exist on earth. These sessile (caked-on) animals are riddled with a duct system, which makes the closely related Euspongia to be used as a bath sponge. The animals can circulate up to twentyfold of the own body weight of water on one day and have thereby an important function as water filters in the ecological system of the reef.
Model 1 90 cm
XfrogPlants
RED SEA
Model 2 70 cm
18. Colony Siphon Sponge ( Siphonochalina siphonella )
Model 3 80 cm
XfrogPlants
19.
Yellow Scroll Coral
RED SEA
( Turbinaria reniformis )
Clade : Cnidaria Depth : Varied Distribution : Red Sea to Polynesia Environment : Reef slopes, in moderate currents Climate : Warm waters Notes :
The colonies are massive, columnar, laminar or foliae frequently contorted. The yellowish green colonies settle on little exposed slopes with moderate current. As a result of their robustness, they can be kept in aquaria without too much problems.
Model 3 70 cm
XfrogPlants
RED SEA
Model 2 50 cm
Model 1 45 cm
19. Yellow Scroll Coral ( Turbinaria reniformis )
XfrogPlants
20.
Pulsing Xenia
RED SEA
( Xenia umbellata )
Clade : Cnidaria Depth : -3 to –15 m. Distribution : Red Sea to West Pacific Environment : Lagoons and bays, protected slopes, on hard ground Climate : Warm waters Notes :
The pumping Xenia lives in flow kinds parts reef up to a depth of 20m. The polyps with its 5 cm long branches implement during the day constantly synchron pumping movements, which serve the respiration and food intake. However they nourish themselves to a majority by photosynthesis of the incorporated zooxanthels.
Model 3 25 cm
XfrogPlants
RED SEA
XfrogPlants
Model 2 15 cm
Model 1 15 cm
20. Pulsing Xenia ( Xenia umbellata )
XfrogPlants | Shrubs
XfrogPlants SHRUBS Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2014 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
01.
Hornbeam
SHRUBS
( Carpinus betulus )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : April - May Origin : Central and Eastern Europe (Germany to Italy and Balkans) Environment : Mixed forests, up to 1,000 m; on fresh, fertile soil Climate : Temperate Notes :
The Hornbeam is a humble but sometimes majestic rural tree. Once common in Europe’s mixed broadleaf forests (with English Oak, Sweet Chestnut, European Beech and Hazel), it is much less diffused today. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Hornbeam became a high-society fashionable tree for decoration of villas’ boulevards.
Age 3 4m
XfrogPlants
SHRUBS
Age 2 3m
Age 1 2m
01. Hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus )
XfrogPlants
02.
Cornelian Cherry Dogwood
SHRUBS
( Cornus mas )
Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : February-April Origin : Central and Southern Europe, Western Asia Environment : Shrubberies, deciduous dry forests; on drained loamy rocky soil Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
The Cornelian Cherry Dogwood is a member of the dogwood family, not of the cherry family. It can be planted as a hedge, in which case it produces a dense, almost impenetrable thicket of branches, a screen or a foundation plant. It’s architectural shape also makes it a good choice for planting near the corners of buildings.
Age 3 4m
XfrogPlants
SHRUBS
Age 2 2m
Age 1 1.5 m
02. Cornelian Cherry Dogwood ( Cornus mas )
XfrogPlants
03.
Bloodtwig Dogwood
SHRUBS
( Cornus sanguinea )
Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : May-June (late bloom: September) Origin : Central Europe, sporadically in Northern Europe, Caucasus Environment : Alluvial forest edges, shrubberies; on fertile calcareous loamy soil Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
The common name of the Bloodtwig Dogwood refers to the shrub’s main ornamental trait: the red twig color in autumn and winter. The scientific genus name comes from the Latin word “cornu” (meaning: “horn”), because it’s strong wood was often used to make walking sticks. It’s human-inedible fruits are a delicacy for many birds.
Age 3 3m
XfrogPlants
SHRUBS
Age 1 1m
Age 2 2m
Age 4 0.5 m
03. Bloodtwig Dogwood ( Cornus sanguinea )
XfrogPlants
04.
Hazel Tree
SHRUBS
( Corylus avellana )
Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : February-April Origin : Europe, South-Western Asia Environment : Hills and mountains underwood, up to 1,700 m. Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
Often a shrub, the Hazel Tree grows on deep, fresh calcareous soil. It has been cultivated since the Roman age because of the fruits. In the 19th century the hazelnut paste became a substitute for chocolate. The Hazel tree is considered a symbol of the moon, and for this reason its branches are used by the water diviners.
Age 3 4m
XfrogPlants
SHRUBS
Age 2 2.5 m
Age 1 1.5 m
04. Hazel Tree ( Corylus avellana )
XfrogPlants
05.
Common Hawthorn
SHRUBS
XfrogPlants
( Crataegus monogyna )
Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : May Origin : Europe Environment : Forest edges, shrubberies; on calcareous, loamy soil Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
The Hawthorn is a fast growing, hardy shrub whose name comes from ancient Greek “kratos” (meaning “strength”). It is the host plant for the bacterium “Erwina amylovara“, which causes fire blight. Therefore it shouldn’t be planted close to any orchard. Niniane, an otherworld woman who tricked the Celtic magician Merlin into revealing his magic, shut him up in a Hawthorn.
Age 3 4m
SHRUBS
XfrogPlants
Age 1 1m
Age 2 3m
05. Common Hawthorn ( Crataegus monogyna )
06.
European Spindle-Tree
SHRUBS
( Euonymus europaea )
Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : May-June Origin : Europe, Central Asia to river Volga Environment : Alluvial forest edges;
on fresh, calcareous and fertile soil Climate : Warm, temperate
Notes :
The main ornamental features of the European SpindleTree are its eyecatching fruits and the yellow to shiny red fall foliage. Hinting at the actively irritating properties of this shrub, it’s genus name Euonymus is associated with that of Euonyme, the mother of the Furies. In former times it was used to make spindles, hence the common name.
Age 3 3m
XfrogPlants
SHRUBS
Age 2 2m
Age 1 1.5 m
06. European Spindle-Tree ( Euonymus europaea )
XfrogPlants
07.
Fig Tree
SHRUBS
( Ficus carica )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : March - July Origin : South-Western Asia Environment : Humid and shady places, on rocky soil Climate : Warm, mild, temperate Notes :
The Fig Tree is a rustic species that grows even on arid soils and rocks, tolerating a wide range of temperatures. Fruits are very high in sugar (20% when fresh, 50% dried). One fruit is born from several merged flowers. Many myths are centred on the Fig Tree, considered the Tree of Knowledge, and a symbol of Fertility as well.
Age 3 5m
XfrogPlants
SHRUBS
Age 2 3.5 m
Age 1 2m
07. Fig Tree ( Ficus carica )
XfrogPlants
08.
European Buckthorn
SHRUBS
( Frangula alnus )
Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : May-July Origin : Europe, Western Asia, Northern Africa Environment : Forests, shrubberies; on almost every soil Climate : Warm, mild, temperate Notes :
Since the 14th century the European Buckthorn has been used in medical science. It’s genus name hints at the crumbly wood, and the species name refers to the affinity of shape with the leaves of Alder trees. In many European languages this species is given meaningful common names because of the rotten smell of the bark.
Age 3 3m
XfrogPlants
SHRUBS
Age 2 2m
08. European Buckthorn ( Frangula alnus )
Age 1 1.5 m
XfrogPlants
09.
Common Privet
SHRUBS
( Ligustrum vulgare )
Shrub, deciduous/evergreen broadleaf Bloom : June-July Origin : Europe, Northern Africa, Middle East Environment : Forests; on calcareous clay and loamy soils Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
Common Privet is often used as a hedge plant at garden borders, because it tolerates pruning and is quite dense. Privets are semi-evergreen shrubs whose genus name comes from the Latin word “ligare“ (meaning: “to tie”), because the twigs were used for wattle. In the past, it’s berries were used to give wine an attractive color.
Age 3 2m
XfrogPlants
SHRUBS
Age 2 1m
Age 1 0.8 m
09. Common Privet ( Ligustrum vulgare )
XfrogPlants
10.
European Aspen
SHRUBS
XfrogPlants
( Populus tremula )
Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : March - April Origin : Europe, Northern Africa, Asia Environment : Forests, shrubberies, acclivities; on fresh to moist, fertile soil Climate : Mild, temperate, cool, cold Notes :
Humble, but hungry for sunlight, the European Aspen can often be found together with White Willow and Silver Birch. It is one of the most widely distributed trees in the world, with a natural range that stretches from the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia to North Africa, and from Britain across most of Europe and Northern Asia to China and Japan.
Age 3 4m
SHRUBS
XfrogPlants
Age 2 3m
Age 1 2m
10. European Aspen ( Populus tremula )
11.
European Bird-Cherry
SHRUBS
( Prunus padus )
Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : May - June Origin : Southern, Western and Northern Europe,
Northern and Eastern Asia Environment : Deciduous and alluvial forests, shrubberies; on moist, fertile soil Climate : Mild, cool, cold
Notes :
The European Bird-Cherry is often planted as ornamental shrub. In the middle ages its edible fruits were used for preparation of mush and juice. Today it only plays an important role as fodder for wild animals, bees and butterflies. On the other hand it is unfit to grow close to fruit trees because of its many aphids.
Age 3 4m
XfrogPlants
SHRUBS
Age 2 4m
Age 1 3m
Age 4 1.5 m
11. European Bird-Cherry ( Prunus padus )
XfrogPlants
12.
Blackthorn
SHRUBS
XfrogPlants
( Prunus spinosa )
Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : April - May Origin : Europe (from Scandinavia and British Islands to Italy) Environment : Forest edges; on moist, calcareous soils Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :
Also known as Sloe, the Blackthorn is the European wild plum, diffused all over the continent and islands. It grows in very thick hedges that are impossible to penetrate because of the sharp thorns. The fruits are very nourishing but sour, and nowadays mostly used for jams and to flavour Gin, but in the past, Vikings had them as a primary food source.
Age 3 2m
SHRUBS
Age 2 2m
Age 1 1m
12. Blackthorn ( Prunus spinosa )
XfrogPlants
13.
Dog Rose
SHRUBS
( Rosa canina )
Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : June Origin : Europe, North-Western Africa, Middle East Environment : Edges of forests and roads, shrubberies; on deep loamy soil Climate : Warm, mild, cool, cold Notes :
Also well-known as Common Briar, the Dog Rose is resistant to drought and heat. It can be identified easily by its strong pricks and the flowers, which can be colored from white to purple. Its fruits are exceptionally rich on vitamin C: 100 g. of its pulp contain between 300 and 700 mg., while oranges only contain about 50 mg.
Age 3 2m
XfrogPlants
SHRUBS
Age 2 2m
Age 1 1m
13. Dog Rose ( Rosa canina )
XfrogPlants
14.
Hundred-Leaved Rose
SHRUBS
( Rosa centifolia )
Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : June-July Origin : Garden (Netherlands) Environment : On dry to moist soil Climate : Warm, cool, cold Notes :
The Hundred-Leaved Rose, also known as Centifolia, was originated at the end of the 16th century as a hybrid of several other roses in the Netherlands. It is known for its vigor, fragrance and many filled white to dark-red petals, which are used in pot-pourris, when dried.
Age 3 2m
XfrogPlants
SHRUBS
Age 2 1.5 m
14. Hundred-Leaved Rose ( Rosa centifolia )
Age 1 1m
XfrogPlants
15.
Grey Willow
SHRUBS
( Salix cinerea )
Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : March-April Origin : Europe, Western Asia Environment : Moorland, wet meadows,
alluvial forests; on moist, peaty soil Climate : Temperate, cool, cold
Notes :
The Grey Willow is frost-resistant and is further able to survive under water for a long time. The common name comes from its grayish catkins and leaves. The bark of willow species is used as drug since Dioskurides (old Greek scientist) and is recommended against fever in the medical books of the 16th and 17th centuries.
Age 3 2m
XfrogPlants
SHRUBS
Age 2 1.5 m
Age 1 0.5 m
15. Grey Willow ( Salix cinerea )
XfrogPlants
16.
Purple Willow
SHRUBS
( Salix purpurea )
Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : March - April Origin : Europe, Northern Africa, Southern and Central Asia Environment : Edges of forests and ways, shrubberies; on almost every soil Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
The Purple Willow can be identified by its long, very flexible purple twigs, hence the name. This shrub is resistant against periodically flooding and also against drought periods. Its genus name comes from the Latin name for “willow”. The twigs of this shrub were used for binding baskets.
Age 3 3m
XfrogPlants
SHRUBS
Age 1 0.6 m
Age 2 2m
16. Purple Willow ( Salix purpurea )
XfrogPlants
17.
Elderberry
SHRUBS
( Sambucus nigra )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : May - June Origin : Europe, Western Asia Environment : Humid woods, river sides, wasted lands, in full sunlight Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
The Elderberry grows where the soil is humid and rich with Nitrogen: abandoned buildings, areas wasted by fire, where it often is the first re-colonizing species. The raw berries, rich of C vitamin, are loved by birds, but poisonous for man. People make jam from them. Berries and flowers have important medical qualities.
Age 3 4m
XfrogPlants
SHRUBS
Age 2 3m
17. Elderberry ( Sambucus nigra )
Age 1 2m
XfrogPlants
18.
European Mountain Ash
SHRUBS
( Sorbus aucuparia )
Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : May - June Origin : Europe, Northern Africa, Asia Environment : Alpine forests, moorland, on moist, acetous soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The Latin “aucuparia” is because in the past, the berries of this tree were used as bird lure. Rich in vitamins, they were also medication to cure scurvy. In Scotland and Scandinavia this tree was believed to keep the Devil away, and planted in front of churches and houses. Celtic druids sacred this tree to the goddess Brigid.
Age 3 4m
XfrogPlants
SHRUBS
Age 2 3m
18. European Mountain Ash ( Sorbus aucuparia )
Age 1 2m
XfrogPlants
19.
Common Lilac
SHRUBS
XfrogPlants
( Syringa vulgaris )
Shrub/Tree, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : April-May Origin : South-Eastern Europe Environment : Woods, shrubberies, cliffs; on calcareous, sandy soil Climate : Warm, temperate, cool Notes :
In 1560 the Common Lilac was brought from Constantinople to Vienna by envoy Busbecq. Since then, this shrub has been spreading over Central Europe very fast. It is cultivated in many variations and hybrids in Europe since the 16th century. It is absolutely resistant against frost and drought.
Age 3 2m
SHRUBS
Age 2 1.5 m
19. Common Lilac ( Syringa vulgaris )
Age 1 1m
XfrogPlants
20.
European Cranberry Bush
SHRUBS
( Viburnum opulus )
Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Bloom : May, June Origin : Europe, Northern Africa, Western and Northern Asia Environment : Alluvial forests, shrubberies; on fresh to wet loamy and clay soil Climate : Mild, cool, cold Notes :
Often planted as ornamental plant in gardens and parks, the European Cranberry Bush can be identified very easily by its shining red fruits and its purple autumn color. A very special cultivated variation is Sterile European Cranberry Bush (Viburnum opulus ‘Roseum’) – it’s flowers remind of a big, round snowball.
Age 3 3m
XfrogPlants
SHRUBS
Age 2 2.5 m
Age 1 2m
20. European Cranberry Bush ( Viburnum opulus )
XfrogPlants
XfrogPlants | Tropical
XfrogPlants TROPICAL Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2014 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
01.
Cashew
TROPICAL
( Anacardium occidentale )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Tropical regions of South America Environment : Tropical and sub-tropical humid forests Climate : Warm and humid Notes :
The Latin name Anacardium hints at the heart-like shape of the fruit, which is edible once separated from the shell, because the latter contains very toxic caustic oil. This oil has great isolating properties, so it was used for airplanes, until it turned out that it was intoxicating even by simple manipulation.
Adult 14 m
XfrogPlants
TROPICAL
Medium 11 m Young 4m
01. Cashew ( Anacardium occidentale )
XfrogPlants
02.
King Palm
TROPICAL
( Archontophoenix alexandrae )
Palm Origin : Australia (Central to Northern Queensland) Environment : Coastal rain forests, in full sun or in the shade Climate : Warm and humid
Notes :
Also known as Alexandra Palm, this species has leaves up to 2 m. long. The fruits turn bright red when ripe. The trunk is noticeable swollen at the base, with big leaf scars. The King Palm needs more water than most palms, and sometimes even thrives in poorly drained places. It grows fast, up to 1 m. per year.
Adult 16 m
XfrogPlants
TROPICAL
Medium 9m
Young 4.5 m
02. King Palm ( Archontophoenix alexandrae )
XfrogPlants
03.
Breadfruit Tree
TROPICAL
( Artocarpus altilis )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Malay archipelago Environment : Tropical forests and cultivations Climate : Warm Notes :
The trunk, leaves and fruits of the Breadfruit exude a milky sap when injured. The fruits are round and seedless. Pollinated fruits grow larger. These fruits are a very important food resource for the indigenous populations. The strong wood is used to build huts and canoes.
Adult 22 m
XfrogPlants
TROPICAL
Medium 8.5 m Young 4.5 m
03. Breadfruit Tree ( Artocarpus altilis )
XfrogPlants
04.
Papaya
TROPICAL
( Carica papaya )
Plant Origin : Tropical regions of South America Environment : Tropical forests Climate : Warm
Notes :
The Papaya is a plant with a long stem that resembles a trunk. The stem in fact does not branch: it produces a thick spreading cluster of leaves at the top. The leaves are similar to those of the fig tree (hence the Latin name “Carica”). The green edible fruits turn orange when ripe. Unripe, they can be cooked as vegetables.
Adult 8m
XfrogPlants
TROPICAL
Medium 5.5 m
Young 3m
04. Papaya Tree ( Carica papaya )
XfrogPlants
05.
Mediterranean Fan Palm
TROPICAL
( Chamaerops humilis )
Palm Origin : Southwest Mediterranean Environment : Sea coasts, hinterland only in the warmer areas Climate : Warm and dry
Notes :
This palm is often found as a thick shrub, with an height of about 2-3 meters. Only occasionally it can grow higher up to 7 meters, and that’s when it’s trunk becomes really visible. It is one of the only two native Mediterranean palms.
Adult 4m
XfrogPlants
TROPICAL
Young 1m
Adult 11 m Medium 3m
05. Mediterranean Fan Palm ( Chamaerops humilis )
XfrogPlants
06.
Sweet Orange Tree
TROPICAL
( Citrus sinensis )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad conical Origin : Asian, uncertain (probably in the Malay archipelago) Environment : Sub-tropical Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
In spite of the name, the most ancient origin of this tree (and of all the Citrus genus) is not Chinese, but in the Malay archipelago, over 20 millions of years ago. The sweet orange species, however, might as well be the result of man induced crossovers. All fruits in the Citrus genus have a very high Vitamin C content.
Adult 7m
XfrogPlants
TROPICAL
Medium 7m Young 4.5 m
06. Sweet Orange Tree ( Citrus sinensis )
XfrogPlants
07.
Coconut Palm
TROPICAL
( Cocos nucifera )
Palm Origin : Southwest of Asia (India, Malay archipelago) Environment : Tropical coastal forests Climate : Warm
Notes :
The Coconut Palm is a tall palm with a long flexible stem that can bend considerably in reaction to environment (wind, light). The rings along the stem are the scars left by the fallen leaves. The nuts contain a sugar-rich liquid that becomes solid when ripe. Not only the fruit pulp, but also the sprouts are edible.
Adult 30 m
XfrogPlants
TROPICAL
Medium 27 m
Young 6.5 m
07. Coconut Palm ( Cocos nucifera )
XfrogPlants
08.
Coffee Tree
TROPICAL
XfrogPlants
( Coffea arabica )
Shrub/Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Shrubby, broad spreading Origin : East of Africa (Ethiopia, Angola, Mozambique) Environment : Tropical and sub-tropical forests and scrubs Climate : Warm Notes :
The name “Coffea” comes from the Arab word for the coffee drink. This small tree needs temperatures not below 16° C and can therefore be cultivated only in tropical climates, where it can also produce the fruits (red when ripe) whose toasted seeds become the coffee.
Adult 2.3 m
TROPICAL
Medium 1.5 m Young 0.6 m
08. Coffee Tree ( Coffea arabica )
XfrogPlants
09.
Bluegum Eucalyptus
TROPICAL
( Eucalyptus globulus )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Tasmania, Southeast of Australia Environment : Woods, in pure stands or mixed with other Eucalypti Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
The Bluegum Eucalyptus is not cold-resistant, therefore it can only grow in sub-tropical climates. It prefers cool wet winters and warm dry summers. It is shade-intolerant. Introduced in California in 1956 and in the Hawaii in 1865. Hawaii has today about 12,000 acres of planted and naturalized Bluegum Eucalyptus.
Adult 36 m
XfrogPlants
TROPICAL
Medium 25 m Young 8m
09. Bluegum Eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus globulus )
XfrogPlants
10.
Rubber Tree
TROPICAL
( Ficus elastica )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Tropical Asia Environment : Humid forests Climate : Warm and humid Notes :
Often potted as a small plant for apartments, the Rubber Tree is really a tall tree that can grow up to 30 m. All tree parts, when cut, produce a white and dense latex used to produce the so-called India rubber. The cutting can happen only every 3 years: if done more often, the tree withers and dies.
Adult 16 m
XfrogPlants
TROPICAL
Young 4.5 m Medium 11 m
10. Rubber Tree ( Ficus elastica )
XfrogPlants
11.
Macadamia
TROPICAL
( Macadamia integrifolia )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Eastern Australia Environment : coastal rain forests, on rich, well-drained soil Climate : warm Notes :
Macadamia is the only native Australian tree to be cultivated for food. The nuts are much appreciated and the tree is cultivated in all tropical countries. The Macadamia nuts industry started in the Hawaii islands, where the nuts have been produced since the early 1900s. Macadamia is also appreciated as decorative tree.
Adult 16 m
XfrogPlants
TROPICAL
Medium 9m Young 4m
11. Macadamia ( Macadamia integrifolia )
XfrogPlants
12.
Mango Tree
TROPICAL
( Mangifera indica )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : India, Birmania, part of Malay archipelago Environment : Tropical and sub-tropical regions,
on rich, well-drained soil Climate : Warm and rather dry
Notes :
Mango is the Indian name for the fruit of this tree, which can grow very tall, up to 30 m. The green fruits turn yellow and red when ripe, and they are a primary food source because of the very nourishing flesh. The Mango Trees found in plantations are often cultivars created by man to optimise fruit taste and growth.
Adult 17
XfrogPlants
TROPICAL
Medium 10 m
Young 5.5 m
12. Mango Tree ( Mangifera indica )
XfrogPlants
13.
Banana
TROPICAL
( Musa x paradisiaca )
Plant Origin : Asia Environment : Tropical valleys, in full light to light shade Climate : Warm and humid, mild
Notes :
Bananas are the world’s 4th largest fruit crop today. The Banana plant makes fruits only in a tropical environment; it can live in mild climates, but there it almost never makes fruits. Although the plant thrives in full sunlight, the fruits are best kept if the plant is in a light shade. Banana plant need protection from the winds.
Adult 6m
XfrogPlants
TROPICAL
Medium 4.5 m Young 3m
13. Banana ( Musa x paradisiaca )
XfrogPlants
14.
Avocado
TROPICAL
( Persea americana )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Central America Environment : Sub-tropical, from sea level up
to 2,250 m., on drained soil Climate : Warm, mild
Notes :
Native to Central America, the Avocado tree is cultivated in all tropical and sub-tropical countries because of the nourishing fruits, rich of vitamins, proteins and fats and with a low sugar content. The Avocado tree does not tolerate water-logging, and the branches are easily damaged by winds. It is frost-intolerant.
Adult 12 m
XfrogPlants
TROPICAL
Medium 7.5 m
Young 3m
14. Avocado ( Persea americana )
XfrogPlants
15.
Canary Date Palm
TROPICAL
( Phoenix canariensis )
Palm Origin : Canary Islands (Eastern Atlantic) Environment : Coastal forests Climate : Warm, mild
Notes :
Tall, beautiful decorative palm that can grow up to 20 m. The Latin name indicates not only the native region, but also the fact that Phoenicians first made this palm known to the ancient Greeks. In fact, the Canary Date Palm diffusion in the Mediterranean area dates back to the Phoenician age.
Adult 22 m
XfrogPlants
TROPICAL
Medium 10 m
Young 2.5 m
15. Canary Date Palm ( Phoenix canariensis )
XfrogPlants
16.
Strawberry Guava
TROPICAL
( Psidium littorale )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Brazil Environment : Tropical coastal forests Climate : Warm, mild, on both calcareous
and slightly acidic soil
Notes :
The Strawberry Guava is a small, salt-tolerant Brazilian tree that grows well on the sea coasts. The leaves are deep green but new sprouts are red and this adds to the attractiveness of the species. The fruits are shiny red and can be eaten fresh or used for jellies and jams. Adult exemplars are moderately frost-tolerant.
Adult 9m
XfrogPlants
TROPICAL
Medium 6.5 m
16. Strawberry Guava ( Psidium littorale )
Young 2m
XfrogPlants
17.
Palmetto
TROPICAL
( Sabal Palmetto )
Palm Origin : East coast of North America (from North Carolina to Florida) Environment : coastal areas Climate : warm, mild
Notes :
Also known as Cabbage Palm (South Carolina State tree), this is a typical landmark of the coasts of South and North Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. The leaf bud is very much appreciated for salads, but this food use can be dangerous for the safety of a palm with such a slow growth. It is a cold-resistant palm.
Adult 20 m
XfrogPlants
TROPICAL
Medium 11 m
17. Palmetto ( Sabal Palmetto )
Young 1.5 m
XfrogPlants
18.
Sugar Cane
TROPICAL
( Saccharum officinarum )
Plant Origin : India Environment : Tropical plains Climate : Warm and humid
Notes :
The Sugar Cane is a tall perennial grass with a thick stem and long broad leaves. It is chewed for the sweet taste, or it can be pressed to render a syrup used for production of brown sugar, cane syrup, molasses, wax and rum. The refused cane is used for paper, cardboard and fuel. Reeds are made into pens, mats and screens.
Adult 3.8 m
XfrogPlants
TROPICAL
Adult 3.8 m
18. Sugar Cane ( Saccharum officinarum )
Medium 3m
Young 1.2 m
XfrogPlants
19.
Queen Palm
TROPICAL
( Syagrus romanzoffiana )
Palm Origin : Southern Brazil, Northern Argentina, Uruguay Environment : Tropical, in full sunlight, on drained soil Climate : Warm, mild
Notes :
The Queen Palm is both salt-tolerant and droughtresistant. It is a good choice for coastal areas, although it’s native range also includes continental regions. It is moderately cold-tolerant, fast-growing, and has an average resistance to winds. The leaves have a featherlike look.
Adult 15 m
XfrogPlants
TROPICAL
Medium 12 m
Young 4m
19. Queen Palm ( Syagrus romanzoffiana )
XfrogPlants
20.
Chinese Windmill Palm
TROPICAL
( Trachycarpus fortunei )
Palm Origin : China Environment : Hills and mountains, in full sun, on moist, well-drained soil Climate : Mild, temperate, cool, cold
Notes :
The Chinese Windmill Palm is a rustic sturdy palm, the most cold-resistant of all palms. Adult exemplars are even snow-tolerant and frost-tolerant. The thick stem has large dead leaves scars and long, dark brown fibres that make it look hairy. The Latin name “Trachycarpus” means “bristly fruit”.
Adult 16 m
XfrogPlants
TROPICAL
Medium 12 m
Young 2m
20. Chinese Windmill Palm ( Trachycarpus fortunei )
XfrogPlants
XfrogPlants | USA Conifers
XfrogPlants USA CONIFERS Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2014 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
01.
White Fir
USA CONIFERS
( Abies concolor )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America (Colorado, California, Mexico) Environment : Evergreen mountain forests Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
Also known as Colorado Fir, this tree can grow on any kind of soil, as long as it is deep and fertile. It’s a frosthardy tree. It is used and appreciated also in urban decoration, because of the visual impact, but the nonexcellent tolerance of pollution makes it more useful for small rural towns than it is for big cities.
Adult 35.5 m
XfrogPlants
USA CONIFERS
Medium 20 m
Young 7m
01. White Fir ( Abies concolor )
XfrogPlants
02.
Grand Fir
USA CONIFERS
( Abies grandis )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America Environment : Stream bottoms, valleys, mountain slopes Climate : Cool Notes :
The Grand Fir (also known as Giant Fir) grows very fast and it is therefore used for re-forestation. It is cold-resistant but it’s demanding with regards to site, growing only on well-drained, deep calcareous soil. It is shade-tolerant and is often found in forests in association with other conifers. The wood is used for pulpwood.
Adult 34 m
XfrogPlants
USA CONIFERS
XfrogPlants
Young 7m
Medium 20 m
02. Grand Fir ( Abies grandis )
03.
California Red Fir
USA CONIFERS
( Abies magnifica )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : California, Southern Oregon Environment : Humid mountain forests, from 1,600 to 2,200 m. and above Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
Also known as Red Fir, the name comes from the bark, initially grey, that in the old exemplars turns to red. It grows on deep, humid soils where the mountain slope is not too steep. It likes full sunlight, but can survive for long periods in a dense shade. It’s wood has become to be commercially used only recently.
Adult 35 m
XfrogPlants
USA CONIFERS
Medium 20 m
Young 5.5 m
03. California Red Fir ( Abies magnifica )
XfrogPlants
04.
Incense Cedar
USA CONIFERS
( Calocedrus decurrens )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America (California, Oregon) Environment : Mountain forests Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The Incense Cedar is not really a cedar tree: it belongs to the Cupressaceae family. It is a very beautiful and sturdy tree that is often used for urban decoration. It is demanding though, because it requires deep, humid but well-drained fertile soils, and grows on sunny places. It is frost-intolerant. The wood is used to make pencils.
Adult 34.5 m
XfrogPlants
USA CONIFERS
Medium 20 m
Young 7m
04. Incense Cedar ( Calocedrus decurrens )
XfrogPlants
05.
Monterey Cypress
USA CONIFERS
( Cupressus macrocarpa )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : West Coast of USA (from Oregon to California) Environment : Evergreen coastal forests, in full sunlight Climate : Mild, warm Notes :
The Monterey cypress is quite a rare tree in nature, as it is found only in the area surrounding Monterey. It’s planted by man, though, mainly along sea coasts, because it is resistant to wind and salt, and it can form a natural barrier against strong sea winds. It is not demanding with soil. When growing old, it becomes very gnarled.
Adult 20 m
XfrogPlants
USA CONIFERS
Medium 10.5 m
05. Monterey Cypress ( Cupressus macrocarpa )
Young 6m
XfrogPlants
06.
Western Juniper
USA CONIFERS
( Juniperus occidentalis )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : West of USA Environment : Rocky slopes, dry mountain areas Climate : Mild and dry Notes :
The Western Juniper can become a dramatically spectacular tree, because of the red furrowed bark and the gnarled, massive shapes. It is one of the longest living trees on Earth: living exemplars are known that are over 2,000 years old. It is an amazing species because it grow directly out of solid rock!
Adult 15 m
XfrogPlants
USA CONIFERS
Medium 10 m
Young 5m
06. Western Juniper ( Juniperus occidentalis )
XfrogPlants
07.
Tamarack
USA CONIFERS
( Larix laricina )
Tree, deciduous conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : North America (Canada, Northeast of USA) Environment : Forests along swamps, streams and lakes Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
Also known as American Larch, the Tamarack can grow as far north as the Arctic Circle. Like the other Larch trees, it has deciduous leaves, that in Autumn turn yellow and finally fall. It grows on well-drained loamy soils. The wood is heavy and durable, and is used for pulpwood but also for poles and as fuel wood.
Adult 20 m
XfrogPlants
USA CONIFERS
Medium 14 m
Young 7m
07. Tamarack ( Larix laricina )
XfrogPlants
08.
Engelmann Blue Spruce
USA CONIFERS
( Picea engelmannii var. Glauca )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America (Rocky Mountains) Environment : Evergreen mountain forests Climate : Temperate, cool, cold Notes :
Named after the German botanist Engelmann, the Engelmann Blue Spruce is a blue-leaved variety. It can be found in the Rocky Mountains forests, often in association with the Subalpine Fir. Of course, the aesthetic quality of the blue leaves makes of the Engelmann Blue Spruce a favourite for decoration of urban parks.
Adult 25 m
XfrogPlants
USA CONIFERS
Medium 15 m
Young 5m
08. Engelmann White Spruce ( Picea engelmannii var. Glauca )
XfrogPlants
09.
Black Spruce
USA CONIFERS
( Picea mariana )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Canada, North of USA Environment : Evergreen forests Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The Black Spruce (Newfoundland provincial tree) is very characteristic of the forests of Canada and Northern US. It has a peculiar shape, with the rounded top often denser than the rest of the tree. A beer is produced from the leaves. The main commercial value of Black Spruce is pulpwood. The wood is lightweight but strong.
Adult 19.5 m
XfrogPlants
USA CONIFERS
Medium 12.5 m
Young 5.5 m
09. Black Spruce ( Picea mariana )
XfrogPlants
10.
Colorado Blue Spruce
USA CONIFERS
( Picea pungens var. Glauca )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of USA (Rocky Mountains) Environment : Dry mountain slopes, stream banks Climate : Temperate, cool, cold Notes :
This is a natural blue-leaved variety of the Colorado Spruce (Colorado and Utah State tree) . It can adapt to most conditions (stagnating or arid soils) and tolerates cold and pollution, but is salt-intolerant. To keep the blue colour of the leaves, it needs to be in sunny places; if in the shade, the leaves turn green and often even fall.
Adult 25 m
XfrogPlants
USA CONIFERS
Medium 12 m
Young 6m
10. Colorado Blue Spruce ( Picea pungens var. Glauca )
XfrogPlants
11.
Lodgepole Pine
USA CONIFERS
( Pinus contorta )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America (from Alaska to Mexico) Environment : Coastal hills, slopes and dunes Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
Also known as Beach Pine (in the Latifolia variety), the Lodgepole Pine (Alberta provincial tree) is a landmark species of the West coast of North America. Several varieties exist, each with it’s own characteristics. Often (but not in all cases) crooked and swept, it is perfect for Bonsai cultivation. The wood is used for lumber.
Adult 20 m
XfrogPlants
USA CONIFERS
Medium 12 m
Young 5m
11. Lodgepole Pine ( Pinus contorta )
XfrogPlants
12.
Coulter Pine
USA CONIFERS
( Pinus coulteri )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad Spreading Origin : California Environment : Dry, rocky mountain slopes Climate : Mild, warm Notes :
Although typical of the wild rocky areas of California, the Coulter Pine (also known as Big-Cone Pine) is sometimes planted in urban parks, because of the spectacular cones. In fact, they are the heaviest (over 2 kg.) of all pine species. They are also very long (up to 30 cm.). Native Americans used to eat the seeds.
Adult 20.5 m
XfrogPlants
USA CONIFERS
Young 3.5 m
Medium 12 m
12. Coulter Pine ( Pinus coulteri )
XfrogPlants
13.
Bishop Pine
USA CONIFERS
( Pinus muricata )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad columnar Origin : California Environment : Low coastal hills Climate : Mild, warm Notes :
Sometimes cultivated for the wood, the Bishop Pine is mostly planted along the sea coasts as wind barrier, because it is a tree that tolerates humid wind and salt well. The cones stay on the tree for at least 25 years, and they let the seeds out only when a fire forces the cone plates to open up.
Adult 20 m
XfrogPlants
USA CONIFERS
Medium 11 m
Young 4m
13. Bishop Pine ( Pinus muricata )
XfrogPlants
14.
Ponderosa Pine
USA CONIFERS
( Pinus ponderosa )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America (from British Columbia to Mexico) Environment : mountain slopes Climate : warm, mild, temperate Notes :
Also known as Western Yellow Pine, the Ponderosa Pine (Montana State tree) is cultivated for the wood, but also planted in city parks. The wide expansion of Ponderosa Pine after the last glacial era is due to the low intensity wildfires, which could destroy only the smaller species, leaving trunk and seeds of Ponderosa intact.
Adult 30 m
XfrogPlants
USA CONIFERS
Medium 18 m
Young 7.5 m
14. Ponderoas Pine ( Pinus ponderosa )
XfrogPlants
15.
Monterey Pine
USA CONIFERS
( Pinus radiata )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : California Environment : Dry slopes of coastal mountains Climate : Mild, warm, in full sunlight, on well-drained soil Notes :
A fast-growing, rustic and sturdy tree, the Monterey Pine is also planted for decoration. It grows of preference in temperate warm areas, but is coldresistant. It is also wind-resistant and salt-tolerant, and can therefore be planted in coastal cities. The wood is used in the paper industry.
Adult 31 m
XfrogPlants
USA CONIFERS
Medium 17 m
Young 4m
15. Monterey Pine ( Pinus radiata )
XfrogPlants
16.
Eastern White Pine
USA CONIFERS
( Pinus strobus )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : East of North America Environment : Forests, at low altitudes, on loamy, humid soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The White Pine (Maine and Michigan State tree, Ontario provincial tree) is a fast-growing tree intolerant of calcareous soils and stagnations. It grows of preference in direct sunlight, but tolerates also a partial shade. It poorly stands pollution and for this reason it is not used for urban decoration as extensively as it would deserve.
Adult 28 m
XfrogPlants
USA CONIFERS
Young 5.5 m
Medium 15 m
16. Eastern White Pine ( Pinus strobus )
XfrogPlants
17.
Douglas Fir
USA CONIFERS
( Pseudotsuga menziesii )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America (from Canada to California) Environment : Mountain humid evergreen forests, on deep, fertile soil Climate : Cool, temperate Notes :
A truly majestic tree, the Douglas Fir (Oregon State tree) is one of the main protagonists of the landscape of West US and Canada. In spite of the superficial roots, it can stand dry spells. It loves direct sunlight or partial shade. It’s wood is highly prized and for this reason, it is also widely cultivated.
Adult 36 m
XfrogPlants
USA CONIFERS
Medium 20 m
Young 8m
17. Douglas Fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii )
XfrogPlants
18.
Western Red Cedar
USA CONIFERS
( Thuja plicata )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Northwest of North America (from Alaska to California) Environment : Mountains, on fresh soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The Western Red Cedar (British Columbia provincial tree) is not really a cedar, but a tree of the Cypress family. It loves snowy winters and cool humid summers. Native Americans were aware that the wood is waterproof, and used it to build canoes and totems. Because of the majestic look, it is a popular choice for city parks.
Adult 30 m
XfrogPlants
USA CONIFERS
Medium 20 m
Young 6m
18. Western Red Cedar ( Thuja plicata )
XfrogPlants
19.
California Nutmeg
USA CONIFERS
( Torreja californica )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : California Environment : Valleys, mountain slopes, shady canyons of coastal areas Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
Like it’s most famous relative, the Common Yew, the California Nutmeg also grows of preference in the shade of either other trees or mountains sides. The fruit has a curious olive-like shape. The twigs, when crushed, emit an intense, fragrant orange-like scent. As a wild species it is only found on the native California mountains.
Adult 20 m
XfrogPlants
USA CONIFERS
Medium 12 m
Young 5.5 m
19. California Nutmeg ( Torreja californica )
XfrogPlants
20.
Eastern Hemlock
USA CONIFERS
( Tsuga canadensis )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : East of North America Environment : Hills or mountain woods, in partial shade Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
The Eastern Hemlock (Pennsylvania State tree) grows well almost everywhere, except on calcareous soil. It is intolerant of direct sunlight. Widely diffused outside of it’s native areas as ornamental tree, the Eastern Hemlock is also cultivated for the wood, used for both paper production and as building material.
Adult 20.5 m
XfrogPlants
USA CONIFERS
Medium 15 m
Young 5.5 m
20. Eastern Hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis )
XfrogPlants
XfrogPlants | USA East
XfrogPlants USA East Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2014 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
01.
Red Maple
USA EAST
( Acer rubrum )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : East of North America Environment : Humid forests, river sides Climate : Temperate Notes :
The Red Maple (Rhode Island State tree) grows in humid environments, on non-calcareous soils. It is much appreciated as ornamental tree because of the autumn foliage, whose colours can range from deep red to golden yellow. In native North America, it is also industrially cultivated for the wood.
Adult 20.5 m
XfrogPlants
USA EAST
Medium 10 m
01. Red Maple ( Acer rubrum )
Young 3m
XfrogPlants
02.
Ohio Buckeye
USA EAST
( Aesculus glabra )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Southern and Central East USA Environment : Moist, rich forests Climate : Mild Notes :
The Ohio Buckeye (Ohio State tree) is smaller than it’s European/Asian relative (the Horse-Chestnut). Native Americans used the ground-up seeds to poison fish in the lakes (and gather them easily afterwards). The Ohio Buckeye leaves out very early in the Spring and it’s leaves turn to a beautiful golden colour in the Autumn.
Adult 17 m
XfrogPlants
USA EAST
Medium 12.5 m
02. Ohio Buckeye ( Aesculus glabra )
Young 4m
XfrogPlants
03.
Paper Birch
USA EAST
( Betula papyrifera )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad conical Origin : North America Environment : Mountain forests (sea-level forests at northerly latitudes) Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The Paper Birch (New Hampshire State tree, Saskatchewan provincial tree) is also known as Canoe Birch, because native Americans used to coat their canoes with it’s waterproof bark, easy to peel off. Paper Birch is a very popular choice for decoration of parks and gardens. It needs to be placed in full sunlight.
Adult 18.5 m
XfrogPlants
USA EAST
Young 4m
Medium 12.5 m
03. Name ( Betula papyrifera )
XfrogPlants
04.
Southern Catalpa
USA EAST
( Catalpa bignonioides )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Southeast of USA Environment : Stream banks, low forests Climate : Mild Notes :
Also called Indian Bean tree, or Cigar tree, because of the shape of the fruits, the Southern Catalpa is a popular choice for decoration, because of the thick foliage and the gorgeous summer blooming. Although native of temperate warm regions, it tolerates frost. The name Catalpa is of native American origin.
Adult 16 m
XfrogPlants
USA EAST
Medium 8m
04. Southern Catalpa ( Catalpa bignonioides )
Young 3.5 m
XfrogPlants
05.
American Beech
USA EAST
( Fagus grandifolia )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : East of North America Environment : Rich forests Climate : Mild Notes :
The American Beech grows on well-drained soils. It is a much smaller tree than the European beech, but it’s appreciated as well for decoration. The inner parts of the fruit are edible and used today as fodder (pigs love them), but until not much time ago, they also used to be a food for men.
Adult 21 m
XfrogPlants
USA EAST
Medium 8.5 m
05. American Beech ( Fagus grandifolia )
Young 4m
XfrogPlants
06.
Kentucky Coffee Tree
USA EAST
( Gymnocladus dioicus )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Central and Eastern USA Environment : Moist forests Climate : Mild, temperate, cool Notes :
The Kentucky Coffee Tree has a reason for it’s name: the seeds, in fact, can be toasted and ground to produce a coffee substitute. The slender, elegant shape of the tree and the leaves make of the Kentucky Coffee Tree a good choice for urban decoration. It is tolerant of freezing winters.
Adult 20 m
XfrogPlants
USA EAST
Medium 11 m Young 6.5 m
06. Kentucky Coffee Tree ( Gymnocladus dioicus )
XfrogPlants
07.
Red Juniper
USA EAST
( Juniperus virginiana )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow columnar Origin : East of North America
(from Hudson bay to Florida and Texas) Environment : Forests, rocky slopes Climate : Mild
Notes :
Also non appropriately known as Eastern Red Cedar, Red Cedar, or Pencil Cedar, the Red Juniper is widely distributed and planted. It grows slowly and it is not demanding with regards to soil. The wood is considered the best to make pencils, but it’s also used for floors and for cabinet closets, because the scent keep insects away.
Adult 23.5 m
XfrogPlants
USA EAST
XfrogPlants
Young 3.5 m
Medium 10 m
07. Red Juniper ( Juniperus virginiana )
08.
Sweet Gum
USA EAST
( Liquidambar styraciflua )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad conical Origin : East of USA, Mexico, Central America Environment : Moist forests Climate : Mild Notes :
Both the vulgar and Latin names hint at the look and consistency of the resin, which is used for production of glues, perfumes, and incense. The Sweet Gum can grow very tall, but the branches do not expand, a quality that makes it ideal for boulevards. The gorgeous autumn colours make it a primary choice for decoration.
Adult 28 m
XfrogPlants
USA EAST
Medium 16 m
Young 6m
08. Sweet Gum ( Liquidambar styraciflua )
XfrogPlants
09.
Tuliptree
USA EAST
( Liriodendron tulipifera )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Northeast of North America Environment : hill forests, in sunny places, on deep, humid soil Climate : mild, temperate Notes :
The Tuliptree (Indiana, Kentucky and Tennessee State tree), called after the shape of the blossoms, is a very ancient species. It is drought-intolerant. The tall size of the trunk made Tuliptree the tree of choice for Native Americans to build long canoes. Today it is often found in city parks because of the beautiful Autumn colour.
Adult 32 m
XfrogPlants
USA EAST
Medium 27 m
09. Tuliptree ( Liriodendron tulipifera )
Young 4m
XfrogPlants
10.
Southern Magnolia
USA EAST
( Magnolia grandiflora )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad conical Origin : Southeast of USA, Mexico (gulf area) Environment : On river sides and humid places of coastal plains Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
The Southern Magnolia (Mississippi State tree) grows very slowly, on deep, fertile neutral or acidic soils. It is frost-intolerant. It starts blooming only at 20 years of age. The long-lasting, big Summer blossoms made it one of the most appreciated decorative trees all over the world (where climate allows).
Adult 17 m
XfrogPlants
USA EAST
XfrogPlants
Young 4m Medium 12 m
10. Southern Magnolia ( Magnolia grandiflora )
11.
Umbrella Magnolia
USA EAST
( Magnolia tripetala )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : East of USA Environment : Moist forested valleys Climate : Mild Notes :
The Latin name “tripetala” is probably due to the petal-like look of the three large white sepals of the flowers, whose strong scent can be unpleasant for some. Blossoming begins in the early summer. The genus name “Magnolia” honours the French botanist Pierre Magnol.
Adult 12.5 m
XfrogPlants
USA EAST
Medium 6m
11. Umbrella Magnolia ( Magnolia tripetala )
Young 4m
XfrogPlants
12.
Eastern White Pine
USA EAST
( Pinus strobus )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Narrow conical Origin : East of North America Environment : Forests, at low altitudes, on loamy, humid soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The White Pine (Maine and Michigan State tree, Ontario provincial tree) is a fast-growing tree intolerant of calcareous soils and stagnations. It grows of preference in direct sunlight, but tolerates also a partial shade. It poorly stands pollution and for this reason it is not used for urban decoration as extensively as it would deserve.
Adult 28 m
XfrogPlants
USA EAST
Medium 15 m
12. Eastern White Pine ( Pinus strobus )
Young 5.5 m
XfrogPlants
13.
American Planetree
USA EAST
( Platanus occidentalis )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : East of North America Environment : Humid forests, on fertile, moist soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
Also known as American Sycamore (and not to be confused with the Mountain Maple, which is also called Sycamore Maple), the American Planetree is highly decorative and one of the most resistant trees to pollution and pruning, but like all planetrees it is seriously endangered by many insects and fungi-induced diseases.
Adult 27 m
XfrogPlants
USA EAST
Medium 17.5 m Young 6.5 m
13. American Planetree ( Platanus occidentalis )
XfrogPlants
14.
Red Oak
USA EAST
( Quercus rubra )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Northeast of North America Environment : Mountain forests, on deep, well-drained soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The Red Oak (Prince Edward Island provincial tree) is not a competitive species and needs space and sun to grow. The very fast growth rate (2,5 m. per year) and the tolerance of cold and of acidic soils make it important for wood production. The bark, rich in tannin, is used by the leather industry.
Adult 20.5 m
XfrogPlants
USA EAST
Medium 13 m Young 6.5 m
14. Red Oak ( Quercus rubra )
XfrogPlants
15.
Staghorn Sumac
USA EAST
( Rhus typhina )
Tree/Shrub, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : East of North America Environment : Meadows and scrub, on dry, sometimes rocky soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The Staghorn Sumac often grows at the margins of woods. It also grows on river sides, as long as the soil is well-drained. It is a very popular choice for urban decoration, because of the umbrella-like shape and of the Autumn leaves, whose bright reds and oranges create an absolutely stunning visual set.
Adult 10.5 m
XfrogPlants
USA EAST
Medium 10 m
Young 3.5 m
15. Staghorn Sumac ( Rhus typhina )
XfrogPlants
16.
Palmetto
USA EAST
( Sabal Palmetto )
Palm Origin : East coast of North America (from North Carolina to Florida) Environment : coastal areas Climate : warm, mild
Notes :
Also known as Cabbage Palm (South Carolina State tree), this is a typical landmark of the coasts of South and North Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. The leaf bud is very much appreciated for salads, but this food use can be dangerous for the safety of a palm with such a slow growth. It is a cold-resistant palm.
Adult 19 m
XfrogPlants
USA EAST
Young 8.5 m
Medium 17 m
16. Palmetto ( Sabal Palmetto )
XfrogPlants
17.
Bald Cypress
USA EAST
( Taxodium distichum )
Tree, deciduous conifer Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Southeast of North America Environment : Swamps and river sides Climate : Mild, warm Notes :
The Bald Cypress (Louisiana State tree) grows in the swamps, in low stagnating waters. To get oxygen, the roots grow out of the ground and above the waters, giving the tree it’s unique look. When planted in nonstagnating soils, the roots don’t show up. In Autumn the leaves turn to a rusty red colour and fall (hence the name).
Adult 30 m
XfrogPlants
USA EAST
Medium 22 m
Young 7m
17. Bald Cypress ( Taxodium distichum )
XfrogPlants
18.
Eastern Arborvitae
USA EAST
( Thuja occidentalis )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : East of North America Environment : Mountain slopes, swamps, on calcareous soil Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
Also known as American Arborvitae or White Cedar. Arborvitae is Latin for “tree of life” and name is by a French explorer of the 16th century who learned that Indians used the leaves to treat scurvy. It tolerates cold and pollution, and although native of a humid environment, it is resistant to dry spells. The wood has a fragrant scent.
Adult 19.5 m
XfrogPlants
USA EAST
Medium 10 m
Young 4.5 m
18. Eastern Arborvitae ( Thuja occidentalis )
XfrogPlants
19.
American Linden
USA EAST
( Tilia americana )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : East of North America Environment : Moist forests, on deep, loamy soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
Also known as Basswood, Lime, or Whitewood. The most evident feature of the American Linden is the size (up to 25 cm.) of the very large leaves, which can be several times bigger than those of it’s many Asian and European relatives. It is much appreciated for the shade it provides in the Summer.
Adult 20.5 m
XfrogPlants
USA EAST
Young 7.5 m
Medium 11.5 m
19. American Linden ( Tilia americana )
XfrogPlants
20.
Eastern Hemlock
USA EAST
( Tsuga canadensis )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : East of North America Environment : Hills or mountain woods, in partial shade Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
The Eastern Hemlock (Pennsylvania State tree) grows well almost everywhere, except on calcareous soil. It is intolerant of direct sunlight. Widely diffused outside of it’s native areas as ornamental tree, the Eastern Hemlock is also cultivated for the wood, used for both paper production and as building material.
Adult 20.5 m
XfrogPlants
USA EAST
Medium 15 m
Young 5.5 m
20. Eastern Hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis )
XfrogPlants
XfrogPlants | USA Southwest
XfrogPlants USA Southwest Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStation formats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
(with Alpha) (with Alpha)
www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2014 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
01.
Century Plant
( Agave americana, Agave americana var. Marginata )
Plant Origin : Eastern Mexico Environment : Arid areas, in full sunlight, on very well-drained soil Climate : Hot, warm
Notes :
The Century Plant blooms after 10 years in native areas and after 60 years in cooler climates. It is monocarpic (dies after blooming) but produces many offsets. Often used for fencing. The heart of the plant can be eaten when roasted.
Model 3 1.3 m green Agave americana
USA SOUTHWEST
XfrogPlants
USA SOUTHWEST
Model 2 1.5 m bluish green Agave americana
Model 1 1.4 m green Agave americana
01. Century Plant ( Agave americana, Agave americana var. Marginata )
XfrogPlants
USA SOUTHWEST
Model 4 1.4 m green, yellow edge Agave americana var. Marginata
Model 6 1.4 m green, yellow edge Agave americana var. Marginata
Model 5 1.4 m green, yellow stripe Agave americana var. Marginata
01. Century Plant ( Agave americana, Agave americana var. Marginata )
XfrogPlants
02.
Desert Agave
( Agave deserti )
Plant Origin : Southern Arizona, Southern California, Baja California Environment : Low desert scrub, from 350 to 2,200 m Climate : Hot, warm
Notes :
The Desert Agave grows under the full sun, on alkaline soil and sand. In Arizona, rosettes are often solitary, while in California they may form large clumps. The Desert Agave was used for food by the Cahuilla people.
Model 2 1.7 m (stem 5 m) green, yellow flowers
USA SOUTHWEST
XfrogPlants
USA SOUTHWEST
Model 1 1.7 m (stem 4 m) green
Model 3 1.6 m green
02. Desert Agave ( Agave deserti )
XfrogPlants
03.
Bishop’s Cap
( Astrophytum myriostigma, Astrophytum ornatum )
Plant Origin : Central and Northern Mexico Environment : Arid areas, in full sunlight, on dry soil Climate : Hot, warm
Notes :
The family name Astrophytum means “star plant” (from ancient Greek), and refers to the shape of this cactus. Bishop Cap is the vulgar name given to the myriostigma species. Astrophyta come in many variations and cultivars. They are one of the most popular cacti.
Model 3 100 cm green, white dots, yellow flower Astrophytum ornatum
USA SOUTHWEST
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USA SOUTHWEST
Model 2 30 cm green, yellow flower Astrophytum myriostigma var. Potosinum
03. Bishop’s Cap ( Astrophytum myriostigma, Astrophytum ornatum )
Model 1 30 cm bluish green Astrophytum myriostigma lem
XfrogPlants
04.
Giant Saguaro
( Carnegiea gigantea )
Plant Origin : Southern Arizona, Southeast of California, Northwest of Mexico Environment : Desert Climate : Hot, warm
Notes :
The Giant Saguaro is the largest member of the Cactaceae family. It can weight up to 12 tons and lives approx. 200 years. It does not thrive outside of it’s wild native area. The flowers grow on the tips of branches and open only in the cooler nights. The Giant Saguaro has been used as food and drink, and it’s still used in ceremonies.
Model 3 10 m yellow flowers
USA SOUTHWEST
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USA SOUTHWEST
Model 2 8.5 m white flowers
04. Giant Saguaro ( Carnegiea gigantea )
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Model 1 9m orange flowers
05.
Paloverde
( Cercidium floridum )
Tree/Shrub, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : Arizona Environment : Arid areas Climate : Hot, warm Notes :
A small tree or shrub, the Paloverde tree is very drought-resistant and grows well in all arid regions, where it finds no competition from similar species. It’s yellow blooming (early spring) lasts a whole month. It tolerates full sun. The fruit is edible.
Model 2 7m tree yellow flowers
USA SOUTHWEST
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USA SOUTHWEST
Model 4 5m shrub green
Model 1 9m tree green
Model 3 4m shrub yellow flowers
05. Paloverde ( Cercidium floridum )
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06.
Staghorn Cholla
USA SOUTHWEST
( Cylindropuntia versicolor )
Plant Origin : Southwest of USA Environment : Arid areas, on dry slopes Climate : Hot, warm
Notes :
The Staghorn Cholla is often found in mixed stands together with Paloverde, Giant Saguaro and Prickly Pear. Chollas with green stems and purple stems can be found next to each other. The central part of the stem gets darker with age and turns into a woody structure.
Model 1 3m green, red flowers
XfrogPlants
USA SOUTHWEST
Model 2 1.2 m brown, red flowers
06. Staghorn Cholla ( Cylindropuntia versicolor )
Model 3 2m brown, red flowers
XfrogPlants
07.
Barrel Cactus
( Echinocactus acanthodes )
Plant Origin : Southwest of USA, Northern Mexico Environment : Arid areas, on rich, well-drained soil, full sun to light shade Climate : Hot, warm, mild
Notes :
The Barrel Cactus is one of about ten species of Echinocacti coming from the Southwest of USA. Like all Echinocacti, it needs full sun and little water, and is fairly cold-resistant, down to 20° F. (-7°C). The family name Echinocactus comes from ancient Greek and means something like “hedgehog thistle”.
Model 3 180 cm green brown-yellow needles
USA SOUTHWEST
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USA SOUTHWEST
Model 2 100 cm green yellow needles
Model 1 65 cm green brown-yellow needles
07. Barrel Cactus ( Echinocactus acanthodes )
XfrogPlants
08.
Rainbow Cactus
( Echinocereus dasyacanthus, Echinocereus pectinatus )
Plant Origin : Southern USA (Texas, New Mexico), Northern Mexico Environment : Arid areas Climate : Hot, warm
Notes :
Respectively known as “Texas Rainbow Hedgehog” and “Arizona Rainbow Hedgehog”, both species (together with other varieties) are collectively known as Rainbow Cactus. The Rainbow Cactus grows faster than the average succulentae. The fruits are rich of sugar and are appreciated by the desert fauna.
Model 1 30 cm green, red needles, dasyacanthus
USA SOUTHWEST
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USA SOUTHWEST
Model 2 30 cm green, red needles yellow flower dasyacanthus
Model 3 40 cm dark green, light grey needles pectinatus
08. Rainbow Cactus ( Echinocereus dasyacanthus, Echinocereus pectinatus )
Model 4 40 cm dark green, light grey needles, purple flower pectinatus
XfrogPlants
09.
Strawberry Hedgehog
USA SOUTHWEST
( Echinocereus engelmannii )
Plant Origin : USA (Southern California, Arizona), Mexico (Baja California) Environment : Arid areas, full sunlight to light shade Climate : Hot, warm
Notes :
The Strawberry Hedgehog is one of the most common hedgehog cacti in the Southwest of America, but there are many subspecies and some of them are rare. It grows slowly and needs little water. The fruits are edible and they taste like strawberries. They are eaten by birds and rodents.
Model 3 40 cm brown-green grey needles
XfrogPlants
USA SOUTHWEST
Model 2 30 cm green yellow needles
Model 1 25 cm green grey-brown needles
09. Strawberry Hedgehog ( Echinocereus engelmannii )
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10.
Arizona Barrel Cactus
USA SOUTHWEST
( Ferocactus wislizenii )
Plant Origin : Sonora and Chihuahua deserts (Arizona, New Mexico) Environment : On desert washes, gravely slopes, beneath canyon walls Climate : Hot, warm
Notes :
The Arizona Barrel cactus is part of the Ferocactus genus, whose name means “wild cactus”. These species are always cylindrical or barrel-shaped and amongst the largest cacti of North America. The flowers always grow at the top of the plant. The fruits are fleshy and juicy, but they’re not considered edible.
Model 3 1m green grey needles
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USA SOUTHWEST
Model 2 2m green grey needles
10. Arizona Barrel Cactus ( Ferocactus wislizenii )
Model 1 1.5 m green grey needles
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11.
Ocotillo
( Fouqueria splendens )
Plant Origin : Southwest of North America Environment : Arid areas, on rocky slopes and mountain sides Climate : Hot, warm
Notes :
Also known as Candlewood. Although the Ocotillo looks like a cactus, it is not part of the cacti family. It is a drought-deciduous plant, meaning that the stems are leafless in dry times, growing leaves only in the better times. Ocotillo is often used for natural fencing because new plants grow easily by planting single stems.
Model 3 3.5 m green leaf red flower
USA SOUTHWEST
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USA SOUTHWEST
Model 4 3.5 m green leaf red flower (low poly)
Model 1 3m green leaf
Model 2 3.5 m green leaf
11. Ocotillo ( Fouqueria splendens )
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12.
Organ Pipe Cactus
( Lemaireocereus thurberi, Stenocereus thurberi )
Plant Origin : Southwest of USA, Northern Mexico Environment : Arid areas Climate : Hot, warm
Notes :
The Organ Pipe Cactus is a large cactus forming a cluster of stems up to 6 m. tall. Several similar species exist in the native regions. Blooming is June through July. The fruit is edible and harvested by native areas people. The fruits can be stewed into jam or candied.
Model 3 4.1 m green Lemaireocereus
USA SOUTHWEST
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USA SOUTHWEST
Model 1 4m green Lemaireocereus
12. Organ Pipe Cactus ( Lemaireocereus thurberi, Stenocereus thurberi )
Model 2 4.8 m green Lemaireocereus
XfrogPlants
USA SOUTHWEST
Model 4 3.5 m green Stenocereus
Model 5 4.2 m green Stenocereus
12. Organ Pipe Cactus ( Lemaireocereus thurberi, Stenocereus thurberi )
Model 6 3.7 m green Stenocereus
XfrogPlants
13.
Miller’s Pincushion
USA SOUTHWEST
( Mammillaria millerii )
Plant Origin : Southwest of USA (Arizona) Environment : Hillsides and bajadas, uplands, often growing on the rocks Climate : Hot, warm
Notes :
Also known as Arizona Fishhook. The stem of Miller’s Pincushion is almost completely covered by a layer of radial spines. The flowers appear in May or June, or after summer rains. The small, hooked spines can easily hook into the flesh of animals, as an effective defence.
Model 1 40 m green white-purple flower
XfrogPlants
USA SOUTHWEST
Model 2 50 m green
Model 3 38 m green white-purple flower
13. Miller’s Pincushion ( Mammillaria millerii )
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USA SOUTHWEST
Model 4 40 cm group of cacti
13. Miller’s Pincushion ( Mammillaria millerii )
XfrogPlants
14.
Teddy Bear Cholla
( Opuntia bigelovii )
Plant Origin : Southwest USA (California, Arizona, New Mexico), Northern Mexico Environment : Arid areas, on mesas and dry rocky slopes up to 900 m Climate : Hot, warm
Notes :
This Cholla usually grows on a single stem, the sharp spines have a fuzzy appearance when seen from a distance. It grows in full sunlight on dry, rocky slopes. It can form impenetrable barriers and it’s therefore useful for natural fencing.
Model 3 1.3 m
USA SOUTHWEST
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USA SOUTHWEST
Model 2 1.4 m Model 1 1.6 m
14. Teddy Bear Cholla ( Opuntia bigelovii )
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15.
Prickly Pear
( Opuntia engelmannii )
Plant Origin : Southwest of USA (Arizona, California), Northern Mexico Environment : Arid areas, on well-drained, dry soil, from 300 to 1,300 m Climate : Hot, warm
Notes :
The Prickly Pear Cactus is a well diffused plant in the Southwest of North America, growing in the full sun, needing little or no water even for long periods. The fruits are edible and loved by wildlife. The attractive flowers bloom April to May.
Model 3 1.2 m green, orange flower purple pear (group)
USA SOUTHWEST
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USA SOUTHWEST
Model 2 1.2 m green,orange flower purple pear (group)
15. Prickly Pear ( Opuntia engelmannii )
Model 1 1.1 m green, orange flower purple pear
XfrogPlants
16.
Santa Rita Prickly Pear
( Opuntia engelmannii var. Violacea )
Plant Origin : Sonora desert (Arizona) Environment : Arid areas, on dry rocky slopes Climate : Hot, warm
Notes :
The Santa Rita Prickly Pear is a slow growing cactus of purple colour when young or when drought-stressed, or cold-stressed. At adult age, in normal conditions, it’s pads are of a dusty bluegrey colour. The chromatic appeal make of this cactus a popular choice for potting. Flowers (AprilMay) are lemon yellow coloured.
Model 3 1.1 m group, purple
USA SOUTHWEST
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USA SOUTHWEST
Model 2 1.1 m group, purple
Model 1 1.1 m group, purple
16. Santa Rita Prickly Pear ( Opuntia engelmannii var. Violacea )
XfrogPlants
17.
Jumping Cholla
( Opuntia fulgida )
Plant Origin : Southern Arizona, Northern Mexico Environment : Arid areas, in full sunlight, from 300 to 1,000 m. Climate : Hot, warm
Notes :
Also known as “Chainfruit Cholla” or “Hanging Chain Cholla” because of the hanging fruits. The name “jumping” comes from the ease with which the needles detach when brushed, like if they jump onto you. The spines on the older stems are of a darker colour than on the young stems, where they’re of a straw-like colour.
Model 1 2.5 m
USA SOUTHWEST
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USA SOUTHWEST
Model 2 2m
17. Jumping Cholla ( Opuntia fulgida )
Model 3 1.1 m
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18.
Pencil Cholla
( Opuntia ramosissima )
Plant Origin : Southwest of USA, Northern Mexico Environment : arid areas, in full sunlight, on sandy very well-drained soil Climate : hot, warm, mild
Notes :
Also known as “Diamond Cholla” or “Branching Pencil”. It blooms in late Spring. The numerous minute spines are easily dislodged at the simple touch, and they get stuck in the skin, where they are difficult to remove. The Pencil Cholla is fairly cold-tolerant.
Model 1 1.6 m
USA SOUTHWEST
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USA SOUTHWEST
Model 2 1.4 m
18. Pencil Cholla ( Opuntia ramosissima )
Model 3 1.2 m
XfrogPlants
19.
Joshua Tree
( Yucca brevifolia )
Plant Origin : Southwest of USA, Northern Mexico Environment : Arid areas, in full or partial sunlight, on sandy rocky soil Climate : Hot, warm
Notes :
Joshua Tree is a large, erect arboreal plant, usually (but not always) singlestemmed. Branches are erect, either ascending or spreading. Young exemplars are usually not branched while adult ones are forked and dense. It’s not easy to tell the age of a Joshua Tree because of the absence of annual rings. The sweet blossoms, the seeds, and the juicy fruits are all edible.
Model 1 9m green leaf
USA SOUTHWEST
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USA SOUTHWEST
Model 2 6.5 m green leaf Model 3 2.5 m green leaf
19. Joshua Tree ( Yucca brevifolia )
XfrogPlants
20.
Soaptree Yucca
( Yucca elata )
Plant Origin : Southwest of North America Environment : Grasslands, desert areas Climate : Hot, warm
Notes :
The Soaptree Yucca is present in many desert scrub communities and is also an important plant in the semi-desert grasslands. Native Arizonans used to make baskets with the leaves. They also used to eat the blossoms, which are indeed edible. The roots were used to make soap (hence the name of Soaptree).
Model 3 4m (9 with flowers) green leaf white flowers
USA SOUTHWEST
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USA SOUTHWEST
XfrogPlants
Model 1 3.4 m green leaf
Model 2 3.8 m brown-green leaf
20. Soaptree Yucca ( Yucca elata )
XfrogPlants | USA West
XfrogPlants WEST Contents : 60 3D Models: in Maya, 3ds Max, Vue, Lightwave, Cinema 4D, .OBJ, modo, .3DS .tgo or MicroStationformats. 60 800 x 800 Billboard Renders 60 2048 x 1536 Perspective Renders Xfrog inc: Xfrog User Forum: Xfrog Support:
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www.xfrog.com xfrog.com/forum xfrog.com/support
Legal : XfrogPlants Models and Textures are copyright: © 2001 - 2014 Xfrog Inc Contact: Email: Support3@xfrog.com Visit http://xfrog.com/company/contact for phone and address All Rights Reserved. If this product is lawfully purchased then the contents are made available to you under license as an “End User” with use at your place of business.
XfrogPlants Development: Orio Menoni : Modeler, Documentation
Jan Walter Schliep : Modeler
Jan Heuschele : Modeler
Tany Heider : Rendering
Karin Rudokas : Research and Development
Peter Fantke : Research and Development
Bernd Lintermann : Research and Development
Oliver Deussen : Research and Development
Stewart McSherry : Product Manager
01.
Grand Fir
USA WEST
XfrogPlants
( Abies grandis )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America Environment : Stream bottoms, valleys, mountain slopes Climate : Cool Notes :
The Grand Fir (also known as Giant Fir) grows very fast and it is therefore used for re-forestation. It is cold-resistant but it’s demanding with regards to site, growing only on well-drained, deep calcareous soil. It is shade-tolerant and is often found in forests in association with other conifers. The wood is used for pulpwood.
Adult 34.5 m
USA WEST
XfrogPlants
Medium 20 m
Young 7m
01. Grand Fir ( Abies grandis )
02.
Subalpine Fir
USA WEST
( Abies lasiocarpa )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America (from Alaska to Washington and Oregon) Environment : Humid forests, from sea level to the mountains Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The Subalpine Fir is widely diffused and can adapt to different soils, as long as they are well-drained. It is often found growing on soils that are too humid or too dry for other similar species. It prefers lower slopes or plains. It does not grow well in cultivations. The leaves, when crushed, have a strong balsamic scent.
Adult 25 m
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USA WEST
Medium 14 m
Young 6m
02. Subalpine Fir ( Abies lasiocarpa )
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03.
Vine Maple
USA WEST
( Acer circinatum )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : West of North America Environment : Stream and river banks, on wet, nitrogen-rich soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
A small tree or shrub, the Vine Maple can grow in the shade and also in open areas. It is one of the first species to establish after a landslide. It is often found near rivers at low or middle altitudes. Native Americans used to build fishing net frames with it’s heavy, resistant wood. Today it is appreciated for the autumn foliage.
Adult 7m
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USA WEST
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Young 3.5 m
Medium 4.5 m
03. Vine Maple ( Acer circinatum )
04.
Incense Cedar
USA WEST
( Calocedrus decurrens )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America (California, Oregon) Environment : Mountain forests Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The Incense Cedar is not really a cedar tree: it belongs to the Cupressaceae family. It is a very beautiful and sturdy tree that is often used for urban decoration. It is demanding though, because it requires deep, humid but well-drained fertile soils, and grows on sunny places. It is frost-intolerant. The wood is used to make pencils.
Adult 27 m
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USA WEST
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Medium 18.5 m
Young 7.5 m
04. Incense Cedar ( Calocedrus decurrens )
05.
Monterey Cypress
USA WEST
( Cupressus macrocarpa )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : West Coast of USA (from Oregon to California) Environment : Evergreen coastal forests, in full sunlight Climate : Mild, warm Notes :
The Monterey cypress is quite a rare tree in nature, as it is found only in the area surrounding Monterey. It’s planted by man, though, mainly along sea coasts, because it is resistant to wind and salt, and it can form a natural barrier against strong sea winds. It is not demanding with soil. When growing old, it becomes very gnarled.
Adult 20 m
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USA WEST
Medium 10.5 m
Young 4.5 m
05. Monterey Cypress ( Cupressus macrocarpa )
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06.
Oregon Ash
USA WEST
( Fraxinus latifolia )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : West of USA (Northern Washington to Southern California Environment : Rivers and stream banks Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
Sometimes considered just a subspecies of the Green Ash, the Oregon Ash is a tree that loves deep, rich and humid loamy soils, and grows preferably in full sunlight or partial shade. It grows fast and adapts to both temperate warm and temperate cool climates. The wood is highly appreciated for fuel use.
Adult 19 m
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USA WEST
Medium 11 m
Young 4m
06. Oregon Ash ( Fraxinus latifolia )
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07.
Little Walnut
USA WEST
( Juglans microcarpa )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : West and Central USA Environment : Along streams and on mountains Climate : Mild Notes :
The name hints at the fact that the nuts of Little Walnut are about half the average size of the other common walnut trees. The tree itself is smaller than most other walnuts. Like most walnut trees, it needs to grow in full sunlight. Although often found along rivers, the Little Walnut is drought tolerant. Also known as Texas Walnut.
Adult 14 m
XfrogPlants
USA WEST
Young 4.5 m
Medium 8m
07. Little Walnut ( Juglans microcarpa )
XfrogPlants
08.
Western Juniper
USA WEST
( Juniperus occidentalis )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : West of USA Environment : Rocky slopes, dry mountain areas Climate : Mild and dry Notes :
The Western Juniper can become a dramatically spectacular tree, because of the red furrowed bark and the gnarled, massive shapes. It is one of the longest living trees on Earth: living exemplars are known that are over 2.000 years old. It is an amazing species because it grow directly out of solid rock!
Adult 15 m
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USA WEST
Medium 10 m
08. Western Juniper ( Juniperus occidentalis )
Young 5m
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09.
Western Larch
USA WEST
( Larix occidentalis )
Tree, deciduous conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America (British Columbia to Northern Montana) Environment : Mountains Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The Western Larch has a very fast growth in native regions. It forms pure Larch forests, especially on firewasted ground, where it’s seeds germinate prolifically. In British Columbia, it’s wood is extensively used as building material for both outdoor and indoor uses. The leaves turn golden yellow in September/October, then fall.
Adult 35 m
XfrogPlants
USA WEST
Medium 20 m
Young 8.5 m
09. Western Larch ( Larix occidentalis )
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10.
Brewer Spruce
USA WEST
( Picea breweriana )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Narrow weeping Origin : West of USA (Northern California, Southern Oregon) Environment : Mountain forests Climate : Temperate Notes :
The native area of the Brewer Spruce is a quite narrow region between California and Oregon. The most identifiable characteristic of this tree are the weeping secondary branches, that give it a unique look very appreciated for urban parks and gardens. When cultivated, the Brewer Spruce does not grow very tall.
Adult 25 m
XfrogPlants
USA WEST
Medium 11 m
Young 5m
10. Brewer Spruce ( Picea breweriana )
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11.
Engelmann Spruce
USA WEST
( Picea engelmannii )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : West of North America Environment : Evergreen mountain forests, at high altitudes Climate : Temperate, cool Notes :
Named after the German botanist Engelmann. Although widely diffused from Central British Columbia and Alberta down to New Mexico and Arizona, it’s presence is especially remarkable in the Rocky Mountains forests, often in association with the Subalpine Fir (which is the dominant species). It likes cool and wet habitats.
Adult 25 m
XfrogPlants
USA WEST
Medium 12.5 m
Young 6m
11. Engelmann Spruce ( Picea engelmannii )
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12.
White Spruce
USA WEST
( Picea glauca )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Canada, North of USA Environment : Forests, in full sunlight, on well-drained, acidic soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The White Spruce (South Dakota State tree, Manitoba provincial tree) is often planted outside it’s native areas for decoration. The leaves have an intense but unpleasant smell when crushed. It is often used as Christmas Tree, and although it prefers cool climates, it can be planted near the sea because it is salt-tolerant.
Adult 25 m
XfrogPlants
USA WEST
Medium 10 m
Young 6m
12. White Spruce ( Picea glauca )
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13.
Bristlecone Pine
USA WEST
( Pinus aristata )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Southwest of USA (Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico) Environment : Mountains, at high altitudes (2.300 to 3.650 m.) Climate : Dry, temperate or cool Notes :
The Bristlecone Pine is reputed to be the longest-living tree species, with living exemplars that are known to be 5.600 years old. It grows in full sunlight, on poor, dry, rocky soils, alkaline or acidic. It grows extremely slowly and in spite of the venerable age it can reach, it does not grow tall.
Adult 12.5 m
XfrogPlants
USA WEST
Medium 6.5 m
Young 3m
13. Bristlecone Pine ( Pinus aristata )
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14.
Pinyon Pine
USA WEST
( Pinus edulis )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Southwest of USA Environment : Woodlands of semi-desert areas, from 250 to 690 m. Climate : Dry or semi-arid, warm Notes :
The Pinyon Pine (New Mexico State tree) is a small, drought-hardy, long-lived tree. It usually grows on rocky plateaus or foothill terraces, but the oldest exemplars are found on steep rocky slopes, where fire occurrence is lower. Often found in mixed stands with junipers and the typical grasses and shrubs of the dry, pre-desert areas.
Adult 11.5 m
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USA WEST
Medium 7.5 m
Young 5m
14. Pinyon Pine ( Pinus edulis )
XfrogPlants
15.
Balsam Poplar
USA WEST
( Populus balsamifera )
Tree, deciduous broadleaf Shape : Broad columnar Origin : Alaska, Canada Environment : Moist forests on flood plains, on rich sandy soil Climate : Mild, warm, in full sunlight, on well-drained soil Notes :
The Balsam Poplar is one of the northernmost trees of America. It grows very fast along river sides and it’s highly flood-tolerant. Often found in mixed stands with other Northern species such as Balsam Fir, White Spruce, Black Spruce, Paper Birch, Aspen, Red Maple, Tamarack. The buds have a balsamic resin of medical use.
Adult 26.5 m
XfrogPlants
USA WEST
Medium 14.5 m
Young 8m
15. Balsam Poplar ( Populus balsamifera )
XfrogPlants
16.
Douglas Fir
USA WEST
( Pseudotsuga menziesii )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow columnar Origin : West of North America (from Canada to California) Environment : Mountain humid evergreen forests, on deep, fertile soil Climate : Cool, temperate Notes :
A truly majestic tree, the Douglas Fir (Oregon State tree) is one of the main protagonists of the landscape of West US and Canada. In spite of the superficial roots, it can stand dry spells. It loves direct sunlight or partial shade. It’s wood is highly prized and for this reason, it is also widely cultivated.
Adult 36 m
XfrogPlants
USA WEST
Medium 20 m
Young 8m
16. Douglas Fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii )
XfrogPlants
17.
Coast Live Oak
USA WEST
( Quercus agrifolia )
Tree, evergreen broadleaf Shape : Broad spreading Origin : California, Baja California Environment : Coast ranges, in full sunlight Climate : Warm, mild Notes :
The Coast Live Oak, a landmark of California coastal landscape, is a drought-resistant and fireresistant evergreen oak. Rarely a tall tree, it often grows in dramatically spectacular shapes. It is a distant relative of a Mediterranean tree, the Holm Oak: both have holly-like evergreen leaves and grow in temperate warm climates.
Adult 21 m
XfrogPlants
USA WEST
Medium 10 m
Young 4.5 m
17. Coast Live Oak ( Quercus agrifolia )
XfrogPlants
18.
Giant Sequoia
USA WEST
( Sequoiadendron giganteum )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : California (Sierra Nevada) Environment : Mountain slopes, on deep, humid soil Climate : Mild, temperate Notes :
The second longest-living tree species, with exemplars that are almost 4,000 years old, Giant Sequoias, when very old, are still undisputedly the most spectacular trees that man can see. It is cold-tolerant. If planted outside the native area, the Giant Sequoia doesn’t grow taller than half of it’s potential height.
Adult 56 m
XfrogPlants
USA WEST
Young 14.5 m
Medium 30 m
18. Giant Sequoia ( Sequoiadendron giganteum )
XfrogPlants
19.
Pacific Yew
USA WEST
( Taxus brevifolia )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Broad conical Origin : Coastal regions from British Columbia to Washington Environment : Forests and shady canyons, at low or medium altitudes Climate : Temperate Notes :
The Pacific Yew grows best in the shade of other trees or in shaded places, like coves. It grows on deep soils, both moist/rich or rocky/gravely. It is often found as underwood species in forests of Ponderosa Pine, Giant Fir, and Western Larch. It is a poisonous tree, but it is used to extract Taxol, a very important component for medical compounds.
Adult 10 m
XfrogPlants
USA WEST
Young 4.5 m
Medium 6.5 m
19. Pacific Yew ( Taxus brevifolia )
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20.
Western Red Cedar
USA WEST
( Thuja plicata )
Tree, evergreen conifer Shape : Narrow conical Origin : Northwest of North America (from Alaska to California) Environment : Mountains, on fresh soil Climate : Cool, cold Notes :
The Western Red Cedar (British Columbia provincial tree) is not really a cedar, but a tree of the Cypress family. It loves snowy winters and cool humid summers. Native Americans were aware that the wood is waterproof, and used it to build canoes and totems. Because of the majestic look, it is a popular choice for city parks.
Adult 30 m
XfrogPlants
USA WEST
Medium 20 m
Young 6m
20. Western Red Cedar ( Thuja plicata )
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XfrogPlants Volume Bundle
Index
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XfrogPlants Plant Index
XfrogPlants Volume Bundle
Index See All Xfrog PDFs
Pages 1507 - 1523 Pages 1524 - 1540 Pages 1541 - 1558
Plants listed by common name Plants listed by botanical (latin) name Plants listed by library name
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This PDF contains active hyperlinks. Each underlined plant name or library name will take you right to that page in our online store! The XfrogPlants Volume Bundle contains these libraries:
Africa
Agriculture
Asia
Autumn
Basic
Blossoming
Bonsai
Europe 1
Europe 2
Europe 3
Flowers 1
Flowers 2
Flowers 3
Fruit
Groundcover
Home Garden
Houseplants
Japan
Landscaping
Mediterranean
Oceania 1
Oceania 2
Oceania 3
Prehistoric
Red Sea
Shrubs
Tropical
USA Conifers
USA East
USA Southwest
USA West
www.xfrog.com 1506
XfrogPlants Plant Index
XfrogPlants Volume Bundle Plant index sorted by common name
1507
XfrogPlants Plant Index
Plant Index by Common Name: Common Name
Scientific Name
Library
Code Vol
African Boxwood
Myrsine africana
Africa
AF14
Vol 1
African Doum Palm
Hyphaene thebaica
Africa
AF11
Vol 1
African Mahogany
Khaya ivorensis
Africa
AF12
Vol 1
African Violet
Saintpaulia sp.
Flowers 3
FL54
Vol 2
African Violet
Saintpaulia ionantha
Houseplants
HP18
Vol 1
Aleppo Pine
Pinus halepensis
Mediterranean
ML12
Vol 1
Alethopteris
Alethopteris serli
Prehistoric
PR01
Vol 1
Alexandra Palm
Archontophoenix alexandrae
Oceania 2
OC24
Vol 2
Allumii False Cypress
Chamaecyparis allumii
Landscaping
LS09
Vol 2
Almond Tree
Prunus dulcis
Blossoming
BS15
Vol 1
Alpine Laburnum
Laburnum alpinum
Europe 2
EU29
Vol 1
Amaryllis
Hippeastrum ssp.
Flowers 2
FL34
Vol 1
American Beech
Fagus grandifolia
USA East
EA05
Vol 1
American Linden
Tilia americana
USA East
EA19
Vol 1
American Planetree
Platanus occidentalis
USA East
EA13
Vol 1
American Planetree
Platanus occidentalis
Landscaping
LS15
Vol 2
Amur Corktree
Phellodendron amurense var. Japonica
Japan
JA13
Vol 1
Annual Blue Grass
Poa annua
Groundcover
GC14
Vol 1
Apple
Malus domestica
Fruit
FR09
Vol 1
Apple Tree
Malus domestica
Bonsai
BN12
Vol 1
Apple Tree
Malus domestica
Blossoming
BS07
Vol 1
Apricot
Prunus armeniaca
Fruit
FR13
Vol 1
Apricot Tree
Prunus armeniaca
Bonsai
BN17
Vol 1
Apricot Tree
Prunus armeniaca
Blossoming
BS10
Vol 1
Araucaria
Araucaria sp.
Prehistoric
PR02
Vol 1
Archaeopteris
Archaeopteris sp.
Prehistoric
PR03
Vol 1
Arizona Barrel Cactus
Ferocactus wislizenii
USA Southwest
SW10
Vol 1
Aroid Palm
Zamioculcas zamiifolia
Houseplants
HP20
Vol 1
Arrow Poison
Acokanthera venenata / oppositifolia
Africa
AF02
Vol 1
Artichoke
Cynara scolymus
Agriculture
AG05
Vol 2
Ashoka Tree
Saraca indica
Asia
AS19
Vol 2
Asiatic Mangrove
Rhizophora mucronata
Asia
AS16
Vol 2
Asparagus
Asparagus officinalis
Home Garden
HG03
Vol 2
Asparagus Fern
Asparagus plumosus
Houseplants
HP02
Vol 1
Asterophyllites
Asterophyllites equisetiformis
Prehistoric
PR04
Vol 1
Asteroxylon
Asteroxylon mackiei
Prehistoric
PR05
Vol 1
1508
XfrogPlants Plant Index Atlas Cedar
Cedrus atlantica
Mediterranean
ML01
Vol 1
Australian Cabbage Palm
Livistona australis
Oceania 2
OC37
Vol 2
Australian Grass Tree
Xanthorroea preissii
Oceania 2
OC40
Vol 2
Australian Tea Tree
Melaleuca alternifolia
Oceania 3
OC56
Vol 2
Austrian Black Pine
Pinus nigra
Basic
BL12
Vol 1
Austrian Pine
Pinus nigra
Europe 1
EU08
Vol 1
Avocado
Persea americana
Tropical
TR14
Vol 1
Bald Cypress
Taxodium distichum
Autumn
AL18
Vol 1
Bald Cypress
Taxodium distichum
USA East
EA17
Vol 1
Ballerina Epidendrum
Epidendrum ssp.
Houseplants
HP08
Vol 1
Balsam Poplar
Populus balsamifera
USA West
WE15
Vol 1
Banana
Musa x paradisiaca
Fruit
FR11
Vol 1
Banana
Musa x paradisiaca
Houseplants
HP16
Vol 1
Banana
Musa x paradisiaca
Tropical
TR13
Vol 1
Bangalow Palm
Archontophoenix cunninghamia
Oceania 2
OC25
Vol 2
Banyan
Ficus bengalensis
Asia
AS06
Vol 2
Baobob
Adansonia digitata
Africa
AF03
Vol 1
Barley
Hordeum vulgare
Agriculture
AG09
Vol 2
Barrel Cactus
Echinocactus acanthodes
USA Southwest
SW07
Vol 1
Bat Flower
Tacca sp.
Flowers 3
FL56
Vol 2
Bean
Phaseolus vulgaris
Home Garden
HG16
Vol 2
Bell Agapanthus
Agapanthus campanulatus
Flowers 2
FL21
Vol 1
Benjamin Ficus
Ficus benjamina
Houseplants
HP11
Vol 1
Bird Of Paradise
Strelitzia reginae
Flowers 1
FL18
Vol 1
Bird’s Nest Fern
Asplenium nidus
Oceania 1
OC05
Vol 2
Birds Nest Coral
Seriatopora hystrix
Red Sea
RS17
Vol 1
Bishop Pine
Pinus muricata
USA Conifers
CL13
Vol 1
Bishop’s Cap
Astrophytum myriostigma, Astrophytum ornatum
USA Southwest
SW03
Vol 1
Bjuvia
Bjuvia simplex
Prehistoric
PR06
Vol 1
Black Alder
Alnus glutinosa
Europe 1
EU04
Vol 1
Black Poplar
Populus nigra
Europe 1
EU10
Vol 1
Black Spruce
Picea mariana
USA Conifers
CL09
Vol 1
Black Treefern
Cyathea medullaris
Oceania 1
OC09
Vol 2
Blackthorn
Prunus spinosa
Fruit
FR17
Vol 1
Blackthorn
Prunus spinosa
Shrubs
SH12
Vol 1
Blazing Star
Liatris spicata
Flowers 2
FL37
Vol 1
Bloodtwig Dogwood
Cornus sanguinea
Shrubs
SH03
Vol 1
Bluegum Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus globulus
Tropical
TR09
Vol 1
Blue-Gum Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus globulus
Oceania 1
OC12
Vol 2
1509
XfrogPlants Plant Index Boab
Adansonia gregorii
Oceania 3
OC42
Vol 2
Boxwood
Buxus sempervirens
Landscaping
LS02
Vol 2
Boxwood (hedges)
Buxus sempervirens
Landscaping
LS03
Vol 2
Bread Palm
Cycas rumphii
Oceania 1
OC10
Vol 2
Breadfruit Tree
Artocarpus altilis
Tropical
TR03
Vol 1
Brewer Spruce
Picea breweriana
USA West
WE10
Vol 1
Brigalow
Acacia harpophylla
Oceania 2
OC22
Vol 2
Bristlecone Pine
Pinus aristata
USA West
WE13
Vol 1
Broad Leaved Linden
Tilia platyphyllos
Europe 1
EU19
Vol 1
Broadleaved Paperbark
Melaleuca quinquenervia
Oceania 3
OC58
Vol 2
Broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. Italica
Home Garden
HG04
Vol 2
Bushman’s River Cycad
Encephalartos altensteinii
Africa
AF09
Vol 1
Buttercup
Ranunculus sp.
Flowers 3
FL53
Vol 2
Cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. Capitata
Home Garden
HG05
Vol 2
Calamites
Calamites sp. Equisetites ssp.
Prehistoric
PR07
Vol 1
California Nutmeg
Torreja californica
USA Conifers
CL19
Vol 1
California Red Fir
Abies magnifica
USA Conifers
CL03
Vol 1
Calla Lily
Zantedeschia sp.
Flowers 3
FL59
Vol 2
Canary Date Palm
Phoenix canariensis
Tropical
TR15
Vol 1
Cantaloupe
Cucumis melo
Home Garden
HG09
Vol 2
Cappadocian Maple
Acer cappadocicum
Europe 3
EU41
Vol 2
Carnarvon Gorge Macrozamia Macrozamia moorei
Oceania 2
OC38
Vol 2
Carnation
Dianthus hybridus
Flowers 1
FL06
Vol 1
Carnation Coral
Dendronephthya sp.
Red Sea
RS09
Vol 1
Carpentaria Palm
Carpentaria acuminata
Oceania 2
OC30
Vol 2
Carrot
Daucus carota
Home Garden
HG13
Vol 2
Cashew
Anacardium occidentale
Tropical
TR01
Vol 1
Caucasian Fir
Abies nordmanniana
Europe 2
EU22
Vol 1
Cauliflower
Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis
Home Garden
HG06
Vol 2
Celery
Apium graveolens var. Dulce
Home Garden
HG02
Vol 2
Century Cactus
Agave americana, Agave americana var. Marginata
USA Southwest
SW01
Vol 1
Cherry Laurel
Prunus laurocerasus
Europe 1
EU12
Vol 1
Cherry Laurel
Prunus laurocerasus
Landscaping
LS16
Vol 2
Cherry Pie
Heliotropium peruvianum
Houseplants
HP14
Vol 1
Cherry Tomato
Solanum lycopersicum
Home Garden
HG18
Vol 2
Chestnut
Castanea sativa
Europe 3
EU43
Vol 2
Chili Pepper
Capsicum annuum
Agriculture
AG03
Vol 2
Chili Pepper
Capsicum annuum
Home Garden
HG07
Vol 2
Chinaberry Tree
Melia azedarach
Asia
AS11
Vol 2
1510
XfrogPlants Plant Index Chinese Persimmon (Kaki)
Diospyros Kaki
Fruit
FR06
Vol 1
Chinese Windmill Palm
Trachycarpus fortunei
Tropical
TR20
Vol 1
Cleavers
Galium aparine
Groundcover
GC09
Vol 1
Coast Banksia
Banksia integrifolia ssp. Integrifolia
Oceania 3
OC44
Vol 2
Coast Live Oak
Quercus agrifolia
USA West
WE17
Vol 1
Coastal Screw Pine
Pandanus tectorius
Oceania 1
OC17
Vol 2
Coastal Wattle
Acacia sophorae
Oceania 3
OC41
Vol 2
Coconut Palm
Cocos nucifera
Tropical
TR07
Vol 1
Coffee
Coffea arabica
Agriculture
AG04
Vol 2
Coffee Tree
Coffea arabica
Tropical
TR08
Vol 1
Colony Siphon Sponge
Siphonochalina siphonella
Red Sea
RS18
Vol 1
Colorado Blue Spruce
Picea pungens var. Glauca
USA Conifers
CL10
Vol 1
Colorado Spruce
Picea pungens
Basic
BL10
Vol 1
Common Ash
Fraxinus excelsior
Europe 1
EU07
Vol 1
Common Hawthorn
Crataegus monogyna
Shrubs
SH05
Vol 1
Common Ivy
Hedera helix ssp. Helix
Houseplants
HP13
Vol 1
Common Jasmine
Jasminum officinale
Asia
AS09
Vol 2
Common Juniper
Juniperus communis
Europe 2
EU28
Vol 1
Common Lilac
Syringa vulgaris
Shrubs
SH19
Vol 1
Common Net Bush
Calothamnus quadrifidus
Oceania 2
OC29
Vol 2
Common Plantain
Plantago maior
Groundcover
GC13
Vol 1
Common Privet
Ligustrum vulgare
Landscaping
LS14
Vol 2
Common Privet
Ligustrum vulgare
Shrubs
SH09
Vol 1
Common Rhododendron
Rhododendron ponticum
Asia
AS17
Vol 2
Common Yarrow
Achillea millefolium
Groundcover
GC01
Vol 1
Cordaites
Cordaites angulostriatus
Prehistoric
PR08
Vol 1
Cork Oak
Quercus suber
Mediterranean
ML18
Vol 1
Corn
Zea mays
Agriculture
AG20
Vol 2
Cornelian Cherry Dogwood
Cornus mas
Shrubs
SH02
Vol 1
Cornflower
Centaurea cyanus
Flowers 1
FL03
Vol 1
Cornflower
Centaurea cyanus
Groundcover
GC05
Vol 1
Cotton
Gossypium hirsutum
Agriculture
AG08
Vol 2
Couch Grass
Elytrigia repens
Groundcover
GC08
Vol 1
Coulter Pine
Pinus coulteri
USA Conifers
CL12
Vol 1
Coxcomb
Celosia sp.
Flowers 3
FL42
Vol 2
Crack Willow
Salix fragilis
Europe 1
EU16
Vol 1
Crape Myrtle
Lagerstroemia indica
Autumn
AL11
Vol 1
Crape Myrtle
Lagerstroemia indica
Blossoming
BS04
Vol 1
Creeping Buttercup
Ranunculus repens
Groundcover
GC15
Vol 1
1511
XfrogPlants Plant Index Creeping Cinquefoil
Potentilla reptans
Flowers 1
FL15
Vol 1
Crocus
Crocus sp.
Flowers 3
FL43
Vol 2
Croton Petra
Codiaeum variegatum var. Pictum
Houseplants
HP04
Vol 1
Crown of Thorns
Euphorbia milii var. Splendens
Flowers 2
FL28
Vol 1
Crown Of Thorns
Euphorbia milii
Houseplants
HP09
Vol 1
Crown Of Thorns Starfish
Acanthaster planci
Red Sea
RS02
Vol 1
Cucasian Wingnut
Pterocarya fraxinifolia
Europe 3
EU53
Vol 2
Cucumber
Cucumis sativus
Home Garden
HG10
Vol 2
Curry Leaf Tree
Murraya koenigii
Asia
AS12
Vol 2
Curved Mushroom Coral
Fungia scruposa
Red Sea
RS13
Vol 1
Cutleaf European Beech
Fagus sylvatica var. Asplenifolia
Europe 3
EU46
Vol 2
Cycadeoidea Gigantea
Cycadeoidea gigantea
Prehistoric
PR09
Vol 1
Cyclamen
Cyclamen persicum
Flowers 1
FL05
Vol 1
Dahlia
Dahlia dahlia
Flowers 3
FL44
Vol 2
Daisy
Bellis perennis
Groundcover
GC04
Vol 1
Dandelion
Taraxacum officinale
Groundcover
GC17
Vol 1
Date Palm
Phoenix dactylifera
Fruit
FR12
Vol 1
Delphinium
Delphinium elatum
Flowers 2
FL23
Vol 1
Dendrobium Nobile
Dendrobium nobile
Houseplants
HP06
Vol 1
Desert Agave
Agave deserti
USA Southwest
SW02
Vol 1
Dicroidium
Dicroidium sp.
Prehistoric
PR10
Vol 1
Dog Rose
Rosa canina
Shrubs
SH13
Vol 1
Douglas Fir
Pseudotsuga menziesii
USA Conifers
CL17
Vol 1
Douglas Fir
Pseudotsuga menziesii
USA West
WE16
Vol 1
Downy Oak
Quercus pubescens
Europe 3
EU55
Vol 2
Dragon Tree
Dracaena draco
Africa
AF08
Vol 1
Dutch Iris
Iris xyphium
Flowers 1
FL11
Vol 1
Eastern Arborvitae
Thuja occidentalis
USA East
EA18
Vol 1
Eastern Hemlock
Tsuga canadensis
USA Conifers
CL20
Vol 1
Eastern Hemlock
Tsuga canadensis
USA East
EA20
Vol 1
Eastern White Pine
Pinus strobus
USA Conifers
CL16
Vol 1
Eastern White Pine
Pinus strobus
USA East
EA12
Vol 1
Eggplant
Solanum melongena
Home Garden
HG19
Vol 2
Egyptian Carissa
Carissa edulis
Africa
AF05
Vol 1
Elderberry
Sambucus nigra
Europe 1
EU17
Vol 1
Elderberry
Sambucus nigra
Shrubs
SH17
Vol 1
Electrode Cactus
Ferocactus histrix
Houseplants
HP10
Vol 1
Engelmann Spruce
Picea engelmannii
USA West
WE11
Vol 1
Engelmann White Spruce
Picea engelmannii var. Glauca
USA Conifers
CL08
Vol 1
1512
XfrogPlants Plant Index English Oak
Quercus robur
Autumn
AL16
Vol 1
English Oak
Quercus robur
Europe 1
EU14
Vol 1
English Yew
Taxus baccata
Basic
BL18
Vol 1
English Yew
Taxus baccata
Europe 1
EU18
Vol 1
English Yew
Taxus baccata
Landscaping
LS17
Vol 2
European Aspen
Populus tremula
Europe 3
EU52
Vol 2
European Aspen
Populus tremula
Shrubs
SH10
Vol 1
European Beech
Fagus sylvatica
Autumn
AL07
Vol 1
European Beech
Fagus sylvatica
Basic
BL07
Vol 1
European Beech
Fagus sylvatica
Bonsai
BN06
Vol 1
European Beech
Fagus sylvatica
Europe 2
EU26
Vol 1
European Bird-Cherry
Prunus padus
Shrubs
SH11
Vol 1
European Buckthorn
Frangula alnus
Shrubs
SH08
Vol 1
European Cranberry Bush
Viburnum opulus
Shrubs
SH20
Vol 1
European Fly Honeysuckle
Lonicera xylosteum
Europe 3
EU49
Vol 2
European Hackberry
Celtis australis
Europe 1
EU06
Vol 1
European Hop Hornbeam
Ostrya carpinifolia
Europe 3
EU50
Vol 2
European Hornbeam
Carpinus betulus
Landscaping
LS06
Vol 2
European Hornbeam (hedges)
Carpinus betulus
Landscaping
LS05
Vol 2
European Larch
Larix decidua
Autumn
AL12
Vol 1
European Larch
Larix decidua
Europe 2
EU30
Vol 1
European Mountain Ash
Sorbus aucuparia
Basic
BL17
Vol 1
European Mountain Ash
Sorbus aucuparia
Europe 2
EU40
Vol 1
European Mountain Ash
Sorbus aucuparia
Shrubs
SH18
Vol 1
European Smoketree
Cotinus coggygria
Europe 3
EU45
Vol 2
European Spindle-Tree
Euonymus europaea
Shrubs
SH06
Vol 1
European Walnut
Juglans regia
Autumn
AL10
Vol 1
European White Elm
Ulmus laevis
Europe 3
EU60
Vol 2
False Cypress (bushes)
Chamaecyparis sp.
Landscaping
LS07
Vol 2
False Cypress (hedges)
Chamaecyparis sp.
Landscaping
LS08
Vol 2
Feather Caulerpa
Caulerpa sertularoides
Red Sea
RS07
Vol 1
Field Maple
Acer campestre
Bonsai
BN01
Vol 1
Field Maple
Acer campestre
Europe 1
EU01
Vol 1
Field Poppy
Papaver dubium
Groundcover
GC12
Vol 1
Fig
Ficus carica
Fruit
FR08
Vol 1
Fig Tree
Ficus carica
Bonsai
BN07
Vol 1
Fig Tree
Ficus carica
Shrubs
SH07
Vol 1
Fire Bird
Heliconia stricta
Flowers 1
FL10
Vol 1
Fishbone Fern
Nephrolepis cordifolia
Houseplants
HP17
Vol 1
1513
XfrogPlants Plant Index Flame of the Forest
Butea monosperma
Asia
AS02
Vol 2
Flaming Sword
Vriesea splendens
Flowers 1
FL20
Vol 1
Flamingo Lily
Anthurium andraeanum
Flowers 1
FL01
Vol 1
Florist’s Chrysanthemum
Dedranthema x grandiflorum
Flowers 2
FL25
Vol 1
Forest Sandpaper Fig
Ficus exasperata
Africa
AF10
Vol 1
Forsythia
Forsythia sp.
Landscaping
LS12
Vol 2
Foxtail Palm
Wodyetia bifurcata
Oceania 3
OC60
Vol 2
Freesia
Freesia ssp.
Flowers 2
FL31
Vol 1
French Tamarisk
Tamarix gallica
Mediterranean
ML20
Vol 1
Garden Sorrel
Rumex acetosa
Groundcover
GC16
Vol 1
Gardenia
Gardenia sp.
Flowers 3
FL45
Vol 2
Garlic Mustard
Alliaria petiolata
Groundcover
GC02
Vol 1
Gemma Guzmania
Guzmania diss. Gemma
Houseplants
HP12
Vol 1
Geranium
Pelagonium grandiflorum
Flowers 1
FL13
Vol 1
Gerbera
Gerbera jamesonii
Flowers 2
FL32
Vol 1
German Chamomile
Matricaria recutita
Groundcover
GC11
Vol 1
Ghost Gum
Corymbia aparrerinja
Oceania 2
OC31
Vol 2
Giant Crape Myrtle
Lagerstroemia speciosa
Asia
AS10
Vol 2
Giant Saguaro
Carnegiea gigantea
USA Southwest
SW04
Vol 1
Giant Sea Fan
Annella mollis
Red Sea
RS04
Vol 1
Giant Sequoia
Sequoiadendron giganteum
USA West
WE18
Vol 1
Ginger
Zingiber officinale
Flowers 3
FL60
Vol 2
Ginkgo
Ginkgo biloba
Autumn
AL08
Vol 1
Ginkgo
Ginkgo biloba
Bonsai
BN08
Vol 1
Ginkgo
Ginkgo biloba
Japan
JA07
Vol 1
Gladiolus
Gladiolus communis
Flowers 2
FL33
Vol 1
Glossopteris
Glossopteris sp.
Prehistoric
PR11
Vol 1
Golden Bamboo
Bambusa vulgaris
Asia
AS01
Vol 2
Golden Chain
Laburnum anagyroides
Blossoming
BS03
Vol 1
Golden Oriental Arborvitae
Thuja orientalis var. Aurea
Landscaping
LS19
Vol 2
Golden Privet
Ligustrum ovalifolium var. Aureum
Landscaping
LS13
Vol 2
Golden Shower Tree
Cassia fistula
Asia
AS04
Vol 2
Golden Willow
Salix alba var. Vitellina
Europe 3
EU57
Vol 2
Golden-leaved Boxwood
Buxus sempervirens var. Aureomarginata
Landscaping
LS04
Vol 2
Gooseneck Loosestrife
Lysimachia clethroides
Flowers 2
FL39
Vol 1
Grand Fir
Abies grandis
USA Conifers
CL02
Vol 1
Grand Fir
Abies grandis
USA West
WE01
Vol 1
Grape Caulerpa
Caulerpa racemosa
Red Sea
RS06
Vol 1
Grape Vine
Vitis vinifera
Agriculture
AG19
Vol 2
1514
XfrogPlants Plant Index Grapefruit
Citrus paradisi
Fruit
FR04
Vol 1
Greater Celandine
Chelidonium maius
Groundcover
GC06
Vol 1
Green Honey Myrtle
Melaleuca diosmifolia
Oceania 3
OC57
Vol 2
Grey Alder
Alnus incana
Europe 3
EU42
Vol 2
Grey Birch
Betula populifolia
Basic
BL03
Vol 1
Grey Mangrove
Avicennia marina
Oceania 3
OC43
Vol 2
Grey Spider Flower
Grevillea buxifolia
Oceania 3
OC53
Vol 2
Grey Willow
Salix cinerea
Shrubs
SH15
Vol 1
Groved Mosaic Coral
Favia favus
Red Sea
RS12
Vol 1
Guava
Psidium guayava
Fruit
FR18
Vol 1
Guzmania
Guzmania lingulata
Flowers 1
FL08
Vol 1
Hachiku Bamboo
Phyllostachys nigra var. Henonis
Japan
JA14
Vol 1
Halimeda
Halimeda sp.
Red Sea
RS15
Vol 1
Hazel Tree
Corylus avellana
Europe 2
EU25
Vol 1
Hazel Tree
Corylus avellana
Shrubs
SH04
Vol 1
Herb Robert
Geranium robertianum
Groundcover
GC10
Vol 1
Hibiscus
Hibiscus sp.
Flowers 3
FL47
Vol 2
Hibiscus
Hibiscus sp.
Landscaping
LS11
Vol 2
Hillebrand Palm
Pritchardia hillebrandii
Oceania 1
OC20
Vol 2
Hinoki False Cypress
Chamaecyparis obtusa
Bonsai
BN04
Vol 1
Hinoki False Cypress
Chamaecyparis obtusa
Japan
JA05
Vol 1
Holly
Ilex aquifolium
Europe 2
EU27
Vol 1
Holm Oak
Quercus ilex
Mediterranean
ML17
Vol 1
Honeycomb Coral
Goniastrea edwardsi
Red Sea
RS14
Vol 1
Honeylocust
Gleditsia triacanthos f. Inermis
Autumn
AL09
Vol 1
Hornbeam
Carpinus betulus
Bonsai
BN03
Vol 1
Hornbeam
Carpinus betulus
Europe 1
EU05
Vol 1
Hornbeam
Carpinus betulus
Shrubs
SH01
Vol 1
Horse Chestnut
Aesculus hippocastanum
Autumn
AL05
Vol 1
Horse Chestnut
Aesculus hippocastanum
Basic
BL01
Vol 1
Horsetail Casuarina
Casuarina equisetifolia
Oceania 1
OC07
Vol 2
Hortensia
Hydrangea sp.
Flowers 3
FL48
Vol 2
Hundred-Leaved Rose
Rosa centifolia
Shrubs
SH14
Vol 1
Hyacinth
Hyacinthus orientalis
Flowers 2
FL35
Vol 1
Illawarra Flame Tree
Brachychilton acerifolius
Oceania 2
OC27
Vol 2
Incense Cedar
Calocedrus decurrens
USA Conifers
CL04
Vol 1
Incense Cedar
Calocedrus decurrens
USA West
WE04
Vol 1
Indian Sandalwood
Santalum album
Asia
AS18
Vol 2
Italian Cypress
Cupressus sempervirens
Mediterranean
ML05
Vol 1
1515
XfrogPlants Plant Index Italian Maple
Acer opalus
Europe 1
EU03
Vol 1
Italian Stone Pine
Pinus pinea
Mediterranean
ML14
Vol 1
Jaggery Palm
Caryota urens
Asia
AS03
Vol 2
Japanese Cedar
Cryptomeria japonica
Bonsai
BN05
Vol 1
Japanese Cedar
Cryptomeria japonica
Japan
JA06
Vol 1
Japanese Crab Apple
Malus floribunda
Blossoming
BS08
Vol 1
Japanese Hop Hornbeam
Ostrya japonica
Japan
JA12
Vol 1
Japanese Maple
Acer Palmatum
Autumn
AL01
Vol 1
Japanese Maple
Acer palmatum
Bonsai
BN02
Vol 1
Japanese Maple
Acer palmatum
Japan
JA03
Vol 1
Japanese Medlar
Eriobotrya japonica
Fruit
FR07
Vol 1
Japanese Walnut
Juglans ailantifolia
Japan
JA08
Vol 1
Japanese White Larch
Larix kaempferi
Bonsai
BN11
Vol 1
Japanese White Larch
Larix kaempferi
Japan
JA10
Vol 1
Japanese White Pine
Pinus parviflora
Japan
JA16
Vol 1
Japanese White Plum
Pinus parviflora
Bonsai
BN15
Vol 1
Japanese Zelkova
Zelkova serrata
Bonsai
BN20
Vol 1
Japanese Zelkova
Zelkova serrata
Japan
JA20
Vol 1
Jarrah
Eucalyptus marginata
Oceania 3
OC50
Vol 2
Joshua Tree
Yucca brevifolia
USA Southwest
SW19
Vol 1
Judas Tree
Cercis siliquastrum
Blossoming
BS01
Vol 1
Judas Tree
Cercis siliquastrum
Mediterranean
ML03
Vol 1
Jumping Cholla
Opuntia fulgida
USA Southwest
SW17
Vol 1
Kaffir Lily
Clivia miniata
Houseplants
HP03
Vol 1
Kalanchoe
Kalanchoe blossfeldiana
Houseplants
HP15
Vol 1
Kanuka
Kunzea ericoides
Oceania 1
OC14
Vol 2
Kanzan Cherry
Prunus serrulata var. Kanzan
Blossoming
BS17
Vol 1
Kanzan Cherry
Prunus serrulata var. Kanzan
Japan
JA17
Vol 1
Karri
Eucalyptus diversicolor
Oceania 2
OC34
Vol 2
Katsura Tree
Cercidiphyllum japonicum
Japan
JA04
Vol 1
Kei Apple
Dovyalis caffra / Aberia caffra
Africa
AF07
Vol 1
Kentia Palm
Howea forsteriana
Oceania 1
OC13
Vol 2
Kentucky Coffee Tree
Gymnocladus dioicus
USA East
EA06
Vol 1
King Palm
Archontophoenix alexandrae
Tropical
TR02
Vol 1
King Protea
Prothea cynarioides
Flowers 2
FL40
Vol 1
Koa
Acacia koa
Oceania 1
OC02
Vol 2
Kousa Dogwood
Cornus kousa
Blossoming
BS02
Vol 1
Koyama Spruce
Picea koyamai
Japan
JA15
Vol 1
Large Bottle Tree
Pachypodium geayi
Africa
AF16
Vol 1
1516
XfrogPlants Plant Index Laurel
Laurus nobilis
Mediterranean
ML08
Vol 1
Lavender
Lavandula angustifolia
Agriculture
AG11
Vol 2
Lawson’s False Cypress
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
Basic
BL06
Vol 1
Lebanon Cedar
Cedrus libani
Mediterranean
ML02
Vol 1
Lemon
Citrus limon
Fruit
FR03
Vol 1
Lemon Bottlebrush
Callistemon pallidus
Oceania 3
OC45
Vol 2
Lentisk
Pistacia lentiscus
Mediterranean
ML15
Vol 1
Lepidodendron
Lepidodendron aculeatum
Prehistoric
PR12
Vol 1
Lesser Periwinkle
Vinca minor
Landscaping
LS20
Vol 2
Lettuce
Lactuca sativa
Agriculture
AG10
Vol 2
Lettuce
Lactuca sativa
Home Garden
HG15
Vol 2
Lily
Lilium hybridum
Flowers 1
FL12
Vol 1
Lisianthus
Eustoma grandiflorum
Flowers 2
FL30
Vol 1
Little Walnut
Juglans microcarpa
USA West
WE07
Vol 1
Littleleaf Linden
Tilia cordata
Autumn
AL19
Vol 1
Littleleaf Linden
Tilia cordata
Basic
BL20
Vol 1
Lodgepole Pine
Pinus contorta
USA Conifers
CL11
Vol 1
Lombardy Poplar
Populus nigra var. Italica
Autumn
AL15
Vol 1
Lombardy Poplar
Populus nigra var. Italica
Basic
BL14
Vol 1
Lombardy Poplar
Populus nigra var. Italica
Europe 1
EU11
Vol 1
London Planetree
Platanus x acerifolia
Autumn
AL14
Vol 1
London Planetree
Platanus x acerifolia
Basic
BL13
Vol 1
Long-Spined Sea Urchin
Diadema setosum
Red Sea
RS10
Vol 1
Lotus
Nelumbo sp.
Flowers 3
FL49
Vol 2
Low Acropora
Acropora hemprichi
Red Sea
RS03
Vol 1
Macadamia
Macadamia integrifolia
Tropical
TR11
Vol 1
Macrotaeniopteris
Macrotaeniopteris magnifolia
Prehistoric
PR13
Vol 1
Magnificent Anemone
Heteractis magnifica
Red Sea
RS16
Vol 1
Mango
Mangifera indica
Fruit
FR10
Vol 1
Mango Tree
Mangifera indica
Tropical
TR12
Vol 1
Manna Ash
Fraxinus ornus
Mediterranean
ML06
Vol 1
Manna Gum
Eucalyptus viminalis
Oceania 3
OC51
Vol 2
Marigold
Tagetes sp.
Flowers 3
FL57
Vol 2
Marri
Corymbia calophylla
Oceania 3
OC47
Vol 2
Mathaeus Sea Urchin
Echinometra mathaei
Red Sea
RS11
Vol 1
Mazari Palm
Nannorrhops ritchiana
Asia
AS13
Vol 2
Meadows Cranebill
Geranium pratense
Flowers 1
FL07
Vol 1
Mediterranean Fan Palm
Chamaerops humilis
Mediterranean
ML04
Vol 1
Mediterranean Fan Palm
Chamaerops humilis
Tropical
TR05
Vol 1
1517
XfrogPlants Plant Index Medlar
Mespilus germanica
Europe 2
EU31
Vol 1
Mexican Lime
Citrus aurantifolia
Fruit
FR02
Vol 1
Miller’s Pincushion
Mammillaria millerii
USA Southwest
SW13
Vol 1
Miniature Chusan Palm
Trachycarpus wagnerianus
Houseplants
HP19
Vol 1
Mona Lisa
Aeschynanthus ssp.
Houseplants
HP01
Vol 1
Monterey Cypress
Cupressus macrocarpa
USA Conifers
CL05
Vol 1
Monterey Cypress
Cupressus macrocarpa
USA West
WE05
Vol 1
Monterey Pine
Pinus radiata
USA Conifers
CL15
Vol 1
Montpellier Maple
Acer monspessulanum
Europe 1
EU02
Vol 1
Moth Orchid
Phalaenopsis amabilis
Flowers 1
FL14
Vol 1
Mugo Pine
Pinus mugo
Basic
BL11
Vol 1
Mugo Pine
Pinus mugo
Europe 2
EU36
Vol 1
Mugwort
Artemisia vulgaris
Groundcover
GC03
Vol 1
Myrtle
Myrtus communis
Mediterranean
ML09
Vol 1
Naked Basket Star
Astroba nuda
Red Sea
RS05
Vol 1
New Zealand Cabbage Tree
Cordyline australis
Oceania 1
OC08
Vol 2
New Zealand Flax
Phormium tenax
Oceania 1
OC18
Vol 2
Nikko Fir
Abies homolepis
Japan
JA01
Vol 1
Nikko Maple
Acer nikoense
Japan
JA02
Vol 1
Nipa
Nipa burtinii
Prehistoric
PR14
Vol 1
Nodding Pincushion
Leucospermum nutans
Flowers 2
FL36
Vol 1
Noni
Morinda citrifolia
Oceania 1
OC16
Vol 2
Norfolk Island Pine
Araucaria heterophylla
Oceania 1
OC04
Vol 2
Northern Japanese Hemlock
Tsuga diversifolia
Japan
JA19
Vol 1
Norway Maple
Acer platanoides
Autumn
AL02
Vol 1
Norway Maple
Acer platanoides
Landscaping
LS01
Vol 2
Norway Spruce
Picea abies
Basic
BL09
Vol 1
Norway Spruce
Picea abies
Europe 2
EU32
Vol 1
Oats
Avena sativa
Agriculture
AG01
Vol 2
Ocotillo
Fouquieria splendens
USA Southwest
SW11
Vol 1
Ohia Lehua
Metrosideros polymorpha
Oceania 1
OC15
Vol 2
Ohio Buckeye
Aesculus glabra
USA East
EA02
Vol 1
Oleander
Nerium oleander
Blossoming
BS09
Vol 1
Oleander
Nerium oleander
Mediterranean
ML10
Vol 1
Olive
Olea europaea
Mediterranean
ML11
Vol 1
Olive Tree
Olea europaea
Bonsai
BN13
Vol 1
Onion
Allium cepa
Home Garden
HG01
Vol 2
Onychiopsis
Onychiopsis sp.
Prehistoric
PR15
Vol 1
Orange Jasmine
Murraya paniculata
Oceania 2
OC39
Vol 2
1518
XfrogPlants Plant Index Orchid
Phalaenopsis sp.
Flowers 3
FL50
Vol 2
Oregon Ash
Fraxinus latifolia
USA West
WE06
Vol 1
Organ Pipe Cactus
Lemaireocereus thurberi, Stenocereus thurberi
USA Southwest
SW12
Vol 1
Oriental Planetree
Platanus orientalis
Europe 2
EU38
Vol 1
Oriental Planetree
Platanus orientalis
Europe 3
EU51
Vol 2
Oriental Spruce
Picea orientalis
Europe 2
EU34
Vol 1
Oxeye Daisy
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum
Flowers 1
FL04
Vol 1
Ox-Eye Daisy
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum
Groundcover
GC07
Vol 1
Pachypteris
Pachypteris sp.
Prehistoric
PR16
Vol 1
Pacific Yew
Taxus brevifolia
USA West
WE19
Vol 1
Palmetto
Sabal Palmetto
USA East
EA16
Vol 1
Palmetto
Sabal palmetto
Tropical
TR17
Vol 1
Paloverde
Cercidium floridum
USA Southwest
SW05
Vol 1
Pansy
Viola wittrockiana
Flowers 1
FL19
Vol 1
Pansy
Viola spec.
Groundcover
GC20
Vol 1
Papaya
Carica papaya
Fruit
FR01
Vol 1
Papaya
Carica papaya
Tropical
TR04
Vol 1
Paper Birch
Betula papyrifera
USA East
EA03
Vol 1
Paper Mulberry
Broussonetia papyrifera
Oceania 1
OC06
Vol 2
Passionflower
Passiflora sp.
Flowers 3
FL52
Vol 2
Peace Lily
Spathiphyllum sp.
Flowers 3
FL55
Vol 2
Peach
Prunus persica
Fruit
FR16
Vol 1
Peach Tree
Prunus persica
Blossoming
BS16
Vol 1
Pear
Pyrus communis
Fruit
FR20
Vol 1
Pear Tree
Pyrus communis
Blossoming
BS20
Vol 1
Peas
Pisum sativum
Home Garden
HG17
Vol 2
Pecan
Carya illinoensis
Basic
BL04
Vol 1
Pencil Cholla
Opuntia ramosissima
USA Southwest
SW18
Vol 1
Peony
Paeonia sp.
Flowers 3
FL51
Vol 2
Persian Ironwood
Parrotia persica
Asia
AS14
Vol 2
Pink Tiger Lily
Lilium lancifolium
Flowers 2
FL38
Vol 1
Pinyon Pine
Pinus edulis
USA West
WE14
Vol 1
Pissardii Chery Plum
Prunus cerasifera var. Pissardii
Blossoming
BS12
Vol 1
Plum
Prunus domestica
Fruit
FR15
Vol 1
Plum Pine
Podocarpus elatus
Oceania 3
OC59
Vol 2
Plum Tree
Prunus domestica
Blossoming
BS14
Vol 1
Poinsettia
Euphorbia pulcherrima
Flowers 2
FL29
Vol 1
Pomegranate
Punica granatum
Fruit
FR19
Vol 1
Pompon Chrysanthemum
Dedranthema morifolium
Flowers 2
FL24
Vol 1
1519
XfrogPlants Plant Index Ponderosa Pine
Pinus ponderosa
USA Conifers
CL14
Vol 1
Poppy Anemone
Anemone coronaria
Flowers 2
FL22
Vol 1
Prickly Juniper
Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. Macrocarpa
Mediterranean
ML07
Vol 1
Prickly Pear
Opuntia engelmannii
USA Southwest
SW15
Vol 1
Pulsing Xenia
Xenia umbellata
Red Sea
RS20
Vol 1
Purple Willow
Salix purpurea
Shrubs
SH16
Vol 1
Pussy Willow
Salix caprea
Europe 3
EU56
Vol 2
Pyrenean Oak
Quercus pyrenaica
Europe 2
EU39
Vol 1
Queen Palm
Syagrus romanzoffiana
Tropical
TR19
Vol 1
Queensland Fan Palm
Licuala ramsayi
Oceania 3
OC55
Vol 2
Quince
Cydonia oblonga
Asia
AS05
Vol 2
Rainbow Cactus
Echinocereus dasyacanthus, Echinocereus pectinatus
USA Southwest
SW08
Vol 1
Red Edge Dracaena
Dracaena marginata
Houseplants
HP07
Vol 1
Red Juniper
Juniperus virginiana
USA East
EA07
Vol 1
Red Maple
Acer rubrum
USA East
EA01
Vol 1
Red Oak
Quercus rubra
Autumn
AL17
Vol 1
Red Oak
Quercus rubra
USA East
EA14
Vol 1
Red Sea Fan
Acabaria biserialis
Red Sea
RS01
Vol 1
Red Silky Oak
Grevillea banksii
Oceania 3
OC52
Vol 2
Rice
Oryza ssp.
Agriculture
AG14
Vol 2
River Redgum
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Oceania 2
OC33
Vol 2
River Wild Pear
Dombeya kirkii
Africa
AF06
Vol 1
Rose
Rosa spec.
Flowers 1
FL17
Vol 1
Rosemary Grevillea
Grevillea rosmarinifolia
Oceania 3
OC54
Vol 2
Roughbarked Apple
Angophora intermedia
Oceania 2
OC23
Vol 2
Rubber Fig
Ficus elastica
Asia
AS08
Vol 2
Rubber Tree
Ficus elastica
Tropical
TR10
Vol 1
Rusty Fig
Ficus rubiginosa
Oceania 2
OC35
Vol 2
Ryegrass
Lolium perenne
Agriculture
AG12
Vol 2
Sago Palm
Cycas revoluta
Houseplants
HP05
Vol 1
Santa Rita Prickly Pear
Opuntia engelmannii var. Violacea
USA Southwest
SW16
Vol 1
Sassafras
Sassafras albidum
Basic
BL16
Vol 1
Satsuki Azalea
Rhododendron indicum
Bonsai
BN18
Vol 1
Satsuki Azalea
Rhododendron indicum
Flowers 1
FL16
Vol 1
Saucer Magnolia
Magnolia x soulangeana
Blossoming
BS06
Vol 1
Saucer Magnolia
Magnolia x soulangeana
Japan
JA11
Vol 1
Savin Juniper
Juniperus sabina
Europe 3
EU48
Vol 2
Saw Banksia
Banksia serrata
Oceania 2
OC26
Vol 2
Scarlet Firethorn
Pyracantha coccinea
Europe 3
EU54
Vol 2
1520
XfrogPlants Plant Index Scarlet Plume
Euphorbia fulgens
Flowers 2
FL27
Vol 1
Scotch Pine
Pinus sylvestris
Bonsai
BN16
Vol 1
Scotch Pine
Pinus sylvestris
Europe 2
EU37
Vol 1
Sea Holly
Eryngium alpinum
Flowers 2
FL26
Vol 1
Sea Pine
Pinus pinaster
Mediterranean
ML13
Vol 1
Senegal Date Palm
Phoenix reclinata
Africa
AF17
Vol 1
Serbian Spruce
Picea omorika
Europe 2
EU33
Vol 1
Service Tree
Sorbus domestica
Europe 3
EU58
Vol 2
Serviceberry
Amelanchier arborea
Autumn
AL06
Vol 1
Sessile Oak
Quercus petraea
Europe 1
EU13
Vol 1
Shagbark Hickory
Carya ovata
Basic
BL05
Vol 1
Sigillaria
Sigillaria scutellata
Prehistoric
PR17
Vol 1
Silky Oak
Grevillea robusta
Oceania 2
OC36
Vol 2
Silver Birch
Betula pendula
Europe 2
EU23
Vol 1
Silver Date Palm
Phoenix sylvestris
Asia
AS15
Vol 2
Silver Fir
Abies alba
Europe 2
EU21
Vol 1
Silver Linden
Tilia tomentosa
Europe 1
EU20
Vol 1
Silver Maple
Acer saccharinum
Autumn
AL04
Vol 1
Silver Wattle
Acacia dealbata
Oceania 1
OC01
Vol 2
Smooth-leaved Elm
Ulmus minor
Autumn
AL20
Vol 1
Smooth-leaved Elm
Ulmus minor
Bonsai
BN19
Vol 1
Snapdragon
Antirrhinum sp.
Flowers 3
FL41
Vol 2
Soaptree Yucca
Yucca elata
USA Southwest
SW20
Vol 1
Sorghum
Sorghum bicolor
Agriculture
AG16
Vol 2
Sour Cherry
Prunus cerasus
Blossoming
BS13
Vol 1
Southern Catalpa
Catalpa bignonioides
USA East
EA04
Vol 1
Southern Magnolia
Magnolia grandiflora
Basic
BL08
Vol 1
Southern Magnolia
Magnolia grandiflora
Blossoming
BS05
Vol 1
Southern Magnolia
Magnolia grandiflora
USA East
EA10
Vol 1
Southern Mahogany
Eucalyptus botryoides
Oceania 2
OC32
Vol 2
Soybean
Glycine max.
Agriculture
AG07
Vol 2
Spanish Broom
Spartium junceum
Mediterranean
ML19
Vol 1
Spider Gerbera
Gerbera sp.
Flowers 3
FL46
Vol 2
Spinach
Spinacia oleracea
Agriculture
AG17
Vol 2
Spinach
Spinacia oleracea
Home Garden
HG20
Vol 2
Spindles
Euonymus sp.
Landscaping
LS10
Vol 2
Spotted Gum
Corymbia maculata
Oceania 3
OC48
Vol 2
Squash
Cucurbita maxima
Home Garden
HG11
Vol 2
Staghorn Cholla
Cylindropuntia versicolor
USA Southwest
SW06
Vol 1
1521
XfrogPlants Plant Index Staghorn Sumac
Rhus typhina
USA East
EA15
Vol 1
Stinging Nettle
Urtica dioica
Groundcover
GC19
Vol 1
Strawberry
Fragaria x ananassa
Agriculture
AG06
Vol 2
Strawberry Guava
Psidium littorale
Tropical
TR16
Vol 1
Strawberry Hedgehog
Echinocereus engelmannii
USA Southwest
SW09
Vol 1
Subalpine Fir
Abies lasiocarpa
USA West
WE02
Vol 1
Sugar Cane
Saccharum officinarum
Tropical
TR18
Vol 1
Sunflower
Helianthus annus
Flowers 1
FL09
Vol 1
Sunflower
Helianthus annuus
Home Garden
HG14
Vol 2
Sweet Birch
Betula lenta
Basic
BL02
Vol 1
Sweet Cherry
Prunus avium
Fruit
FR14
Vol 1
Sweet Cherry Tree
Prunus avium
Blossoming
BS11
Vol 1
Sweet Chestnut
Castanea sativa
Europe 2
EU24
Vol 1
Sweet Gum
Liquidambar styraciflua
USA East
EA08
Vol 1
Sweet Orange
Citrus sinensis
Fruit
FR05
Vol 1
Sweet Orange Tree
Citrus sinensis
Tropical
TR06
Vol 1
Swiss Stone Pine
Pinus cembra
Europe 2
EU35
Vol 1
Sycamore Maple
Acer pseudoplatanus
Autumn
AL03
Vol 1
Tamarack
Larix laricina
USA Conifers
CL07
Vol 1
Tamarind
Tamarindus indica
Africa
AF20
Vol 1
Tasmanian Treefern
Eucalyptus globulus
Oceania 1
OC11
Vol 2
Tea
Camellia sinensis
Agriculture
AG02
Vol 2
Teddy Bear Cholla
Opuntia bigelovii
USA Southwest
SW14
Vol 1
Temple Juniper
Juniperus rigida
Bonsai
BN10
Vol 1
Temple Juniper
Juniperus rigida
Japan
JA09
Vol 1
Tempskya
Tempskya sp.
Prehistoric
PR18
Vol 1
Tobacco
Nicotiana tabacum
Agriculture
AG13
Vol 2
Tomato
Solanum lycopersicum
Agriculture
AG15
Vol 2
Totara
Podocarpus totara
Oceania 1
OC19
Vol 2
Tree Aloe
Aloe bainesii / barberae
Africa
AF04
Vol 1
Triangle Palm
Neodypsis decaryi
Africa
AF15
Vol 1
Tropical Almond
Terminalia catappa
Asia
AS20
Vol 2
True Mulga
Acacia aneura
Oceania 2
OC21
Vol 2
Tube Anemone
Cerianthus sp.
Red Sea
RS08
Vol 1
Tulip
Tulipa sp.
Flowers 3
FL58
Vol 2
Tulip Tree
Liriodendron tulipifera
USA East
EA09
Vol 1
Tuliptree
Liriodendron tulipifera
Autumn
AL13
Vol 1
Turkey Oak
Quercus cerris
Mediterranean
ML16
Vol 1
Turkish Hazel
Corylus colurna
Europe 3
EU44
Vol 2
1522
XfrogPlants Plant Index Umbrella Acacia
Acacia tortilis
Africa
AF01
Vol 1
Umbrella Magnolia
Magnolia tripetala
USA East
EA11
Vol 1
Vine Maple
Acer circinatum
USA West
WE03
Vol 1
Watermelon
Citrullus lanatus
Home Garden
HG08
Vol 2
Weeping Bottlebrush
Callistemon viminalis
Oceania 3
OC46
Vol 2
Weeping European Beech
Fagus sylvatica var. Pendula
Europe 3
EU47
Vol 2
Weeping Fig
Ficus benjamina
Asia
AS07
Vol 2
Weeping Higan Cherry
Prunus subhirtella var. Pendula
Blossoming
BS18
Vol 1
Weeping Willow
Salix babylonica
Basic
BL15
Vol 1
Western Juniper
Juniperus occidentalis
Bonsai
BN09
Vol 1
Western Juniper
Juniperus occidentalis
USA Conifers
CL06
Vol 1
Western Juniper
Juniperus occidentalis
USA West
WE08
Vol 1
Western Larch
Larix occidentalis
USA West
WE09
Vol 1
Western Red Cedar
Thuja plicata
Basic
BL19
Vol 1
Western Red Cedar
Thuja plicata
USA Conifers
CL18
Vol 1
Western Red Cedar
Thuja plicata
Landscaping
LS18
Vol 2
Western Red Cedar
Thuja plicata
USA West
WE20
Vol 1
Wheat
Triticum ssp.
Agriculture
AG18
Vol 2
White (Giant) Bird Of Paradise Strelitzia nicolai
Africa
AF19
Vol 1
White Clover
Trifolium repens
Groundcover
GC18
Vol 1
White Fir
Abies concolor
USA Conifers
CL01
Vol 1
White Kauri
Agathis moorei
Oceania 1
OC03
Vol 2
White Mallee
Eucalyptus dumosa
Oceania 3
OC49
Vol 2
White Poplar
Populus alba
Europe 1
EU09
Vol 1
White Spruce
Picea glauca
Bonsai
BN14
Vol 1
White Spruce
Picea glauca
USA West
WE12
Vol 1
White Willow
Salix alba
Europe 1
EU15
Vol 1
Wild peach
Kiggelaria africana
Africa
AF13
Vol 1
Wild Service Tree
Sorbus torminalis
Europe 3
EU59
Vol 2
Williamsonia
Williamsonia gigas
Prehistoric
PR19
Vol 1
Willow Bottlebrush
Callistemon salignus
Oceania 2
OC28
Vol 2
Wollemi Pine
Wollemia nobilis
Prehistoric
PR20
Vol 1
Yellow Scroll Coral
Turbinaria reniformis
Red Sea
RS19
Vol 1
Yellowwood
Podocarpus falcatus
Africa
AF18
Vol 1
Yoshino Cherry
Prunus x yedoensis
Blossoming
BS19
Vol 1
Yoshino Cherry
Prunus x yedoensis
Japan
JA18
Vol 1
Zebra Plant
Aphelandra squarrosa
Flowers 1
FL02
Vol 1
Zucchini
Cucurbita pepo
Home Garden
HG12
Vol 2
1523
XfrogPlants Plant Index
XfrogPlants Volume Bundle Plant index sorted by scientific name
1524
XfrogPlants Plant Index
Plant Index by Scientific Name: Scientific Name
Common Name
Library
Code Vol
Abies alba
Silver Fir
Europe 2
EU21
Vol 1
Abies concolor
White Fir
USA Conifers
CL01
Vol 1
Abies grandis
Grand Fir
USA Conifers
CL02
Vol 1
Abies grandis
Grand Fir
USA West
WE01
Vol 1
Abies homolepis
Nikko Fir
Japan
JA01
Vol 1
Abies lasiocarpa
Subalpine Fir
USA West
WE02
Vol 1
Abies magnifica
California Red Fir
USA Conifers
CL03
Vol 1
Abies nordmanniana
Caucasian Fir
Europe 2
EU22
Vol 1
Acabaria biserialis
Red Sea Fan
Red Sea
RS01
Vol 1
Acacia aneura
True Mulga
Oceania 2
OC21
Vol 2
Acacia dealbata
Silver Wattle
Oceania 1
OC01
Vol 2
Acacia harpophylla
Brigalow
Oceania 2
OC22
Vol 2
Acacia koa
Koa
Oceania 1
OC02
Vol 2
Acacia sophorae
Coastal Wattle
Oceania 3
OC41
Vol 2
Acacia tortilis
Umbrella Acacia
Africa
AF01
Vol 1
Acanthaster planci
Crown Of Thorns Starfish
Red Sea
RS02
Vol 1
Acer campestre
Field Maple
Bonsai
BN01
Vol 1
Acer campestre
Field Maple
Europe 1
EU01
Vol 1
Acer cappadocicum
Cappadocian Maple
Europe 3
EU41
Vol 2
Acer circinatum
Vine Maple
USA West
WE03
Vol 1
Acer monspessulanum
Montpellier Maple
Europe 1
EU02
Vol 1
Acer nikoense
Nikko Maple
Japan
JA02
Vol 1
Acer opalus
Italian Maple
Europe 1
EU03
Vol 1
Acer Palmatum
Japanese Maple
Autumn
AL01
Vol 1
Acer palmatum
Japanese Maple
Bonsai
BN02
Vol 1
Acer palmatum
Japanese Maple
Japan
JA03
Vol 1
Acer platanoides
Norway Maple
Autumn
AL02
Vol 1
Acer platanoides
Norway Maple
Landscaping
LS01
Vol 2
Acer pseudoplatanus
Sycamore Maple
Autumn
AL03
Vol 1
Acer rubrum
Red Maple
USA East
EA01
Vol 1
Acer saccharinum
Silver Maple
Autumn
AL04
Vol 1
Achillea millefolium
Common Yarrow
Groundcover
GC01
Vol 1
Acokanthera venenata / oppositifolia
Arrow Poison
Africa
AF02
Vol 1
Acropora hemprichi
Low Acropora
Red Sea
RS03
Vol 1
Adansonia digitata
Baobob
Africa
AF03
Vol 1
Adansonia gregorii
Boab
Oceania 3
OC42
Vol 2
1525
XfrogPlants Plant Index Aeschynanthus ssp.
Mona Lisa
Houseplants
HP01
Vol 1
Aesculus glabra
Ohio Buckeye
USA East
EA02
Vol 1
Aesculus hippocastanum
Horse Chestnut
Autumn
AL05
Vol 1
Aesculus hippocastanum
Horse Chestnut
Basic
BL01
Vol 1
Agapanthus campanulatus
Bell Agapanthus
Flowers 2
FL21
Vol 1
Agathis moorei
White Kauri
Oceania 1
OC03
Vol 2
Agave americana, Agave americana var. Marginata
Century Cactus
USA Southwest
SW01
Vol 1
Agave deserti
Desert Agave
USA Southwest
SW02
Vol 1
Alethopteris serli
Alethopteris
Prehistoric
PR01
Vol 1
Alliaria petiolata
Garlic Mustard
Groundcover
GC02
Vol 1
Allium cepa
Onion
Home Garden
HG01
Vol 2
Alnus glutinosa
Black Alder
Europe 1
EU04
Vol 1
Alnus incana
Grey Alder
Europe 3
EU42
Vol 2
Aloe bainesii / barberae
Tree Aloe
Africa
AF04
Vol 1
Amelanchier arborea
Serviceberry
Autumn
AL06
Vol 1
Anacardium occidentale
Cashew
Tropical
TR01
Vol 1
Anemone coronaria
Poppy Anemone
Flowers 2
FL22
Vol 1
Angophora intermedia
Roughbarked Apple
Oceania 2
OC23
Vol 2
Annella mollis
Giant Sea Fan
Red Sea
RS04
Vol 1
Anthurium andraeanum
Flamingo Lily
Flowers 1
FL01
Vol 1
Antirrhinum sp.
Snapdragon
Flowers 3
FL41
Vol 2
Aphelandra squarrosa
Zebra Plant
Flowers 1
FL02
Vol 1
Apium graveolens var. Dulce
Celery
Home Garden
HG02
Vol 2
Araucaria heterophylla
Norfolk Island Pine
Oceania 1
OC04
Vol 2
Araucaria sp.
Araucaria
Prehistoric
PR02
Vol 1
Archaeopteris sp.
Archaeopteris
Prehistoric
PR03
Vol 1
Archontophoenix alexandrae
Alexandra Palm
Oceania 2
OC24
Vol 2
Archontophoenix alexandrae
King Palm
Tropical
TR02
Vol 1
Archontophoenix cunninghamia
Bangalow Palm
Oceania 2
OC25
Vol 2
Artemisia vulgaris
Mugwort
Groundcover
GC03
Vol 1
Artocarpus altilis
Breadfruit Tree
Tropical
TR03
Vol 1
Asparagus officinalis
Asparagus
Home Garden
HG03
Vol 2
Asparagus plumosus
Asparagus Fern
Houseplants
HP02
Vol 1
Asplenium nidus
Bird’s Nest Fern
Oceania 1
OC05
Vol 2
Asterophyllites equisetiformis
Asterophyllites
Prehistoric
PR04
Vol 1
Asteroxylon mackiei
Asteroxylon
Prehistoric
PR05
Vol 1
Astroba nuda
Naked Basket Star
Red Sea
RS05
Vol 1
Astrophytum myriostigma, Astrophytum ornatum
Bishop’s Cap
USA Southwest
SW03
Vol 1
Avena sativa
Oats
Agriculture
AG01
Vol 2
1526
XfrogPlants Plant Index Avicennia marina
Grey Mangrove
Oceania 3
OC43
Vol 2
Bambusa vulgaris
Golden Bamboo
Asia
AS01
Vol 2
Banksia integrifolia ssp. Integrifolia
Coast Banksia
Oceania 3
OC44
Vol 2
Banksia serrata
Saw Banksia
Oceania 2
OC26
Vol 2
Bellis perennis
Daisy
Groundcover
GC04
Vol 1
Betula lenta
Sweet Birch
Basic
BL02
Vol 1
Betula papyrifera
Paper Birch
USA East
EA03
Vol 1
Betula pendula
Silver Birch
Europe 2
EU23
Vol 1
Betula populifolia
Grey Birch
Basic
BL03
Vol 1
Bjuvia simplex
Bjuvia
Prehistoric
PR06
Vol 1
Brachychilton acerifolius
Illawarra Flame Tree
Oceania 2
OC27
Vol 2
Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis
Cauliflower
Home Garden
HG06
Vol 2
Brassica oleracea var. Capitata
Cabbage
Home Garden
HG05
Vol 2
Brassica oleracea var. Italica
Broccoli
Home Garden
HG04
Vol 2
Broussonetia papyrifera
Paper Mulberry
Oceania 1
OC06
Vol 2
Butea monosperma
Flame of the Forest
Asia
AS02
Vol 2
Buxus sempervirens
Boxwood
Landscaping
LS02
Vol 2
Buxus sempervirens
Boxwood (hedges)
Landscaping
LS03
Vol 2
Buxus sempervirens var. Aureomarginata
Golden-leaved Boxwood
Landscaping
LS04
Vol 2
Calamites sp. Equisetites ssp.
Calamites
Prehistoric
PR07
Vol 1
Callistemon pallidus
Lemon Bottlebrush
Oceania 3
OC45
Vol 2
Callistemon salignus
Willow Bottlebrush
Oceania 2
OC28
Vol 2
Callistemon viminalis
Weeping Bottlebrush
Oceania 3
OC46
Vol 2
Calocedrus decurrens
Incense Cedar
USA Conifers
CL04
Vol 1
Calocedrus decurrens
Incense Cedar
USA West
WE04
Vol 1
Calothamnus quadrifidus
Common Net Bush
Oceania 2
OC29
Vol 2
Camellia sinensis
Tea
Agriculture
AG02
Vol 2
Capsicum annuum
Chili Pepper
Agriculture
AG03
Vol 2
Capsicum annuum
Chili Pepper
Home Garden
HG07
Vol 2
Carica papaya
Papaya
Fruit
FR01
Vol 1
Carica papaya
Papaya
Tropical
TR04
Vol 1
Carissa edulis
Egyptian Carissa
Africa
AF05
Vol 1
Carnegiea gigantea
Giant Saguaro
USA Southwest
SW04
Vol 1
Carpentaria acuminata
Carpentaria Palm
Oceania 2
OC30
Vol 2
Carpinus betulus
European Hornbeam
Landscaping
LS06
Vol 2
Carpinus betulus
European Hornbeam (hedges)
Landscaping
LS05
Vol 2
Carpinus betulus
Hornbeam
Bonsai
BN03
Vol 1
Carpinus betulus
Hornbeam
Europe 1
EU05
Vol 1
Carpinus betulus
Hornbeam
Shrubs
SH01
Vol 1
1527
XfrogPlants Plant Index Carya illinoensis
Pecan
Basic
BL04
Vol 1
Carya ovata
Shagbark Hickory
Basic
BL05
Vol 1
Caryota urens
Jaggery Palm
Asia
AS03
Vol 2
Cassia fistula
Golden Shower Tree
Asia
AS04
Vol 2
Castanea sativa
Chestnut
Europe 3
EU43
Vol 2
Castanea sativa
Sweet Chestnut
Europe 2
EU24
Vol 1
Casuarina equisetifolia
Horsetail Casuarina
Oceania 1
OC07
Vol 2
Catalpa bignonioides
Southern Catalpa
USA East
EA04
Vol 1
Caulerpa racemosa
Grape Caulerpa
Red Sea
RS06
Vol 1
Caulerpa sertularoides
Feather Caulerpa
Red Sea
RS07
Vol 1
Cedrus atlantica
Atlas Cedar
Mediterranean
ML01
Vol 1
Cedrus libani
Lebanon Cedar
Mediterranean
ML02
Vol 1
Celosia sp.
Coxcomb
Flowers 3
FL42
Vol 2
Celtis australis
European Hackberry
Europe 1
EU06
Vol 1
Centaurea cyanus
Cornflower
Flowers 1
FL03
Vol 1
Centaurea cyanus
Cornflower
Groundcover
GC05
Vol 1
Cercidiphyllum japonicum
Katsura Tree
Japan
JA04
Vol 1
Cercidium floridum
Paloverde
USA Southwest
SW05
Vol 1
Cercis siliquastrum
Judas Tree
Blossoming
BS01
Vol 1
Cercis siliquastrum
Judas Tree
Mediterranean
ML03
Vol 1
Cerianthus sp.
Tube Anemone
Red Sea
RS08
Vol 1
Chamaecyparis allumii
Allumii False Cypress
Landscaping
LS09
Vol 2
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
Lawson’s False Cypress
Basic
BL06
Vol 1
Chamaecyparis obtusa
Hinoki False Cypress
Bonsai
BN04
Vol 1
Chamaecyparis obtusa
Hinoki False Cypress
Japan
JA05
Vol 1
Chamaecyparis sp.
False Cypress (bushes)
Landscaping
LS07
Vol 2
Chamaecyparis sp.
False Cypress (hedges)
Landscaping
LS08
Vol 2
Chamaerops humilis
Mediterranean Fan Palm
Mediterranean
ML04
Vol 1
Chamaerops humilis
Mediterranean Fan Palm
Tropical
TR05
Vol 1
Chelidonium maius
Greater Celandine
Groundcover
GC06
Vol 1
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum
Oxeye Daisy
Flowers 1
FL04
Vol 1
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum
Ox-Eye Daisy
Groundcover
GC07
Vol 1
Citrullus lanatus
Watermelon
Home Garden
HG08
Vol 2
Citrus aurantifolia
Mexican Lime
Fruit
FR02
Vol 1
Citrus limon
Lemon
Fruit
FR03
Vol 1
Citrus paradisi
Grapefruit
Fruit
FR04
Vol 1
Citrus sinensis
Sweet Orange
Fruit
FR05
Vol 1
Citrus sinensis
Sweet Orange Tree
Tropical
TR06
Vol 1
Clivia miniata
Kaffir Lily
Houseplants
HP03
Vol 1
1528
XfrogPlants Plant Index Cocos nucifera
Coconut Palm
Tropical
TR07
Vol 1
Codiaeum variegatum var. Pictum
Croton Petra
Houseplants
HP04
Vol 1
Coffea arabica
Coffee
Agriculture
AG04
Vol 2
Coffea arabica
Coffee Tree
Tropical
TR08
Vol 1
Cordaites angulostriatus
Cordaites
Prehistoric
PR08
Vol 1
Cordyline australis
New Zealand Cabbage Tree
Oceania 1
OC08
Vol 2
Cornus kousa
Kousa Dogwood
Blossoming
BS02
Vol 1
Cornus mas
Cornelian Cherry Dogwood
Shrubs
SH02
Vol 1
Cornus sanguinea
Bloodtwig Dogwood
Shrubs
SH03
Vol 1
Corylus avellana
Hazel Tree
Europe 2
EU25
Vol 1
Corylus avellana
Hazel Tree
Shrubs
SH04
Vol 1
Corylus colurna
Turkish Hazel
Europe 3
EU44
Vol 2
Corymbia aparrerinja
Ghost Gum
Oceania 2
OC31
Vol 2
Corymbia calophylla
Marri
Oceania 3
OC47
Vol 2
Corymbia maculata
Spotted Gum
Oceania 3
OC48
Vol 2
Cotinus coggygria
European Smoketree
Europe 3
EU45
Vol 2
Crataegus monogyna
Common Hawthorn
Shrubs
SH05
Vol 1
Crocus sp.
Crocus
Flowers 3
FL43
Vol 2
Cryptomeria japonica
Japanese Cedar
Bonsai
BN05
Vol 1
Cryptomeria japonica
Japanese Cedar
Japan
JA06
Vol 1
Cucumis melo
Cantaloupe
Home Garden
HG09
Vol 2
Cucumis sativus
Cucumber
Home Garden
HG10
Vol 2
Cucurbita maxima
Squash
Home Garden
HG11
Vol 2
Cucurbita pepo
Zucchini
Home Garden
HG12
Vol 2
Cupressus macrocarpa
Monterey Cypress
USA Conifers
CL05
Vol 1
Cupressus macrocarpa
Monterey Cypress
USA West
WE05
Vol 1
Cupressus sempervirens
Italian Cypress
Mediterranean
ML05
Vol 1
Cyathea medullaris
Black Treefern
Oceania 1
OC09
Vol 2
Cycadeoidea gigantea
Cycadeoidea Gigantea
Prehistoric
PR09
Vol 1
Cycas revoluta
Sago Palm
Houseplants
HP05
Vol 1
Cycas rumphii
Bread Palm
Oceania 1
OC10
Vol 2
Cyclamen persicum
Cyclamen
Flowers 1
FL05
Vol 1
Cydonia oblonga
Quince
Asia
AS05
Vol 2
Cylindropuntia versicolor
Staghorn Cholla
USA Southwest
SW06
Vol 1
Cynara scolymus
Artichoke
Agriculture
AG05
Vol 2
Dahlia dahlia
Dahlia
Flowers 3
FL44
Vol 2
Daucus carota
Carrot
Home Garden
HG13
Vol 2
Dedranthema morifolium
Pompon Chrysanthemum
Flowers 2
FL24
Vol 1
Dedranthema x grandiflorum
Florist’s Chrysanthemum
Flowers 2
FL25
Vol 1
1529
XfrogPlants Plant Index Delphinium elatum
Delphinium
Flowers 2
FL23
Vol 1
Dendrobium nobile
Dendrobium Nobile
Houseplants
HP06
Vol 1
Dendronephthya sp.
Carnation Coral
Red Sea
RS09
Vol 1
Diadema setosum
Long-Spined Sea Urchin
Red Sea
RS10
Vol 1
Dianthus hybridus
Carnation
Flowers 1
FL06
Vol 1
Dicroidium sp.
Dicroidium
Prehistoric
PR10
Vol 1
Diospyros Kaki
Chinese Persimmon (Kaki)
Fruit
FR06
Vol 1
Dombeya kirkii
River Wild Pear
Africa
AF06
Vol 1
Dovyalis caffra / Aberia caffra
Kei Apple
Africa
AF07
Vol 1
Dracaena draco
Dragon Tree
Africa
AF08
Vol 1
Dracaena marginata
Red Edge Dracaena
Houseplants
HP07
Vol 1
Echinocactus acanthodes
Barrel Cactus
USA Southwest
SW07
Vol 1
Echinocereus dasyacanthus, Echinocereus pectinatus Rainbow Cactus
USA Southwest
SW08
Vol 1
Echinocereus engelmannii
Strawberry Hedgehog
USA Southwest
SW09
Vol 1
Echinometra mathaei
Mathaeus Sea Urchin
Red Sea
RS11
Vol 1
Elytrigia repens
Couch Grass
Groundcover
GC08
Vol 1
Encephalartos altensteinii
Bushman’s River Cycad
Africa
AF09
Vol 1
Epidendrum ssp.
Ballerina Epidendrum
Houseplants
HP08
Vol 1
Eriobotrya japonica
Japanese Medlar
Fruit
FR07
Vol 1
Eryngium alpinum
Sea Holly
Flowers 2
FL26
Vol 1
Eucalyptus botryoides
Southern Mahogany
Oceania 2
OC32
Vol 2
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
River Redgum
Oceania 2
OC33
Vol 2
Eucalyptus diversicolor
Karri
Oceania 2
OC34
Vol 2
Eucalyptus dumosa
White Mallee
Oceania 3
OC49
Vol 2
Eucalyptus globulus
Bluegum Eucalyptus
Tropical
TR09
Vol 1
Eucalyptus globulus
Blue-Gum Eucalyptus
Oceania 1
OC12
Vol 2
Eucalyptus globulus
Tasmanian Treefern
Oceania 1
OC11
Vol 2
Eucalyptus marginata
Jarrah
Oceania 3
OC50
Vol 2
Eucalyptus viminalis
Manna Gum
Oceania 3
OC51
Vol 2
Euonymus europaea
European Spindle-Tree
Shrubs
SH06
Vol 1
Euonymus sp.
Spindles
Landscaping
LS10
Vol 2
Euphorbia fulgens
Scarlet Plume
Flowers 2
FL27
Vol 1
Euphorbia milii
Crown Of Thorns
Houseplants
HP09
Vol 1
Euphorbia milii var. Splendens
Crown of Thorns
Flowers 2
FL28
Vol 1
Euphorbia pulcherrima
Poinsettia
Flowers 2
FL29
Vol 1
Eustoma grandiflorum
Lisianthus
Flowers 2
FL30
Vol 1
Fagus grandifolia
American Beech
USA East
EA05
Vol 1
Fagus sylvatica
European Beech
Autumn
AL07
Vol 1
Fagus sylvatica
European Beech
Basic
BL07
Vol 1
1530
XfrogPlants Plant Index Fagus sylvatica
European Beech
Bonsai
BN06
Vol 1
Fagus sylvatica
European Beech
Europe 2
EU26
Vol 1
Fagus sylvatica var. Asplenifolia
Cutleaf European Beech
Europe 3
EU46
Vol 2
Fagus sylvatica var. Pendula
Weeping European Beech
Europe 3
EU47
Vol 2
Favia favus
Groved Mosaic Coral
Red Sea
RS12
Vol 1
Ferocactus histrix
Electrode Cactus
Houseplants
HP10
Vol 1
Ferocactus wislizenii
Arizona Barrel Cactus
USA Southwest
SW10
Vol 1
Ficus bengalensis
Banyan
Asia
AS06
Vol 2
Ficus benjamina
Benjamin Ficus
Houseplants
HP11
Vol 1
Ficus benjamina
Weeping Fig
Asia
AS07
Vol 2
Ficus carica
Fig
Fruit
FR08
Vol 1
Ficus carica
Fig Tree
Bonsai
BN07
Vol 1
Ficus carica
Fig Tree
Shrubs
SH07
Vol 1
Ficus elastica
Rubber Fig
Asia
AS08
Vol 2
Ficus elastica
Rubber Tree
Tropical
TR10
Vol 1
Ficus exasperata
Forest Sandpaper Fig
Africa
AF10
Vol 1
Ficus rubiginosa
Rusty Fig
Oceania 2
OC35
Vol 2
Forsythia sp.
Forsythia
Landscaping
LS12
Vol 2
Fouquieria splendens
Ocotillo
USA Southwest
SW11
Vol 1
Fragaria x ananassa
Strawberry
Agriculture
AG06
Vol 2
Frangula alnus
European Buckthorn
Shrubs
SH08
Vol 1
Fraxinus excelsior
Common Ash
Europe 1
EU07
Vol 1
Fraxinus latifolia
Oregon Ash
USA West
WE06
Vol 1
Fraxinus ornus
Manna Ash
Mediterranean
ML06
Vol 1
Freesia ssp.
Freesia
Flowers 2
FL31
Vol 1
Fungia scruposa
Curved Mushroom Coral
Red Sea
RS13
Vol 1
Galium aparine
Cleavers
Groundcover
GC09
Vol 1
Gardenia sp.
Gardenia
Flowers 3
FL45
Vol 2
Geranium pratense
Meadows Cranebill
Flowers 1
FL07
Vol 1
Geranium robertianum
Herb Robert
Groundcover
GC10
Vol 1
Gerbera jamesonii
Gerbera
Flowers 2
FL32
Vol 1
Gerbera sp.
Spider Gerbera
Flowers 3
FL46
Vol 2
Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo
Autumn
AL08
Vol 1
Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo
Bonsai
BN08
Vol 1
Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo
Japan
JA07
Vol 1
Gladiolus communis
Gladiolus
Flowers 2
FL33
Vol 1
Gleditsia triacanthos f. Inermis
Honeylocust
Autumn
AL09
Vol 1
Glossopteris sp.
Glossopteris
Prehistoric
PR11
Vol 1
Glycine max.
Soybean
Agriculture
AG07
Vol 2
1531
XfrogPlants Plant Index Goniastrea edwardsi
Honeycomb Coral
Red Sea
RS14
Vol 1
Gossypium hirsutum
Cotton
Agriculture
AG08
Vol 2
Grevillea banksii
Red Silky Oak
Oceania 3
OC52
Vol 2
Grevillea buxifolia
Grey Spider Flower
Oceania 3
OC53
Vol 2
Grevillea robusta
Silky Oak
Oceania 2
OC36
Vol 2
Grevillea rosmarinifolia
Rosemary Grevillea
Oceania 3
OC54
Vol 2
Guzmania diss. Gemma
Gemma Guzmania
Houseplants
HP12
Vol 1
Guzmania lingulata
Guzmania
Flowers 1
FL08
Vol 1
Gymnocladus dioicus
Kentucky Coffee Tree
USA East
EA06
Vol 1
Halimeda sp.
Halimeda
Red Sea
RS15
Vol 1
Hedera helix ssp. Helix
Common Ivy
Houseplants
HP13
Vol 1
Helianthus annus
Sunflower
Flowers 1
FL09
Vol 1
Helianthus annuus
Sunflower
Home Garden
HG14
Vol 2
Heliconia stricta
Fire Bird
Flowers 1
FL10
Vol 1
Heliotropium peruvianum
Cherry Pie
Houseplants
HP14
Vol 1
Heteractis magnifica
Magnificent Anemone
Red Sea
RS16
Vol 1
Hibiscus sp.
Hibiscus
Flowers 3
FL47
Vol 2
Hibiscus sp.
Hibiscus
Landscaping
LS11
Vol 2
Hippeastrum ssp.
Amaryllis
Flowers 2
FL34
Vol 1
Hordeum vulgare
Barley
Agriculture
AG09
Vol 2
Howea forsteriana
Kentia Palm
Oceania 1
OC13
Vol 2
Hyacinthus orientalis
Hyacinth
Flowers 2
FL35
Vol 1
Hydrangea sp.
Hortensia
Flowers 3
FL48
Vol 2
Hyphaene thebaica
African Doum Palm
Africa
AF11
Vol 1
Ilex aquifolium
Holly
Europe 2
EU27
Vol 1
Iris xyphium
Dutch Iris
Flowers 1
FL11
Vol 1
Jasminum officinale
Common Jasmine
Asia
AS09
Vol 2
Juglans ailantifolia
Japanese Walnut
Japan
JA08
Vol 1
Juglans microcarpa
Little Walnut
USA West
WE07
Vol 1
Juglans regia
European Walnut
Autumn
AL10
Vol 1
Juniperus communis
Common Juniper
Europe 2
EU28
Vol 1
Juniperus occidentalis
Western Juniper
Bonsai
BN09
Vol 1
Juniperus occidentalis
Western Juniper
USA Conifers
CL06
Vol 1
Juniperus occidentalis
Western Juniper
USA West
WE08
Vol 1
Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. Macrocarpa
Prickly Juniper
Mediterranean
ML07
Vol 1
Juniperus rigida
Temple Juniper
Bonsai
BN10
Vol 1
Juniperus rigida
Temple Juniper
Japan
JA09
Vol 1
Juniperus sabina
Savin Juniper
Europe 3
EU48
Vol 2
Juniperus virginiana
Red Juniper
USA East
EA07
Vol 1
1532
XfrogPlants Plant Index Kalanchoe blossfeldiana
Kalanchoe
Houseplants
HP15
Vol 1
Khaya ivorensis
African Mahogany
Africa
AF12
Vol 1
Kiggelaria africana
Wild peach
Africa
AF13
Vol 1
Kunzea ericoides
Kanuka
Oceania 1
OC14
Vol 2
Laburnum alpinum
Alpine Laburnum
Europe 2
EU29
Vol 1
Laburnum anagyroides
Golden Chain
Blossoming
BS03
Vol 1
Lactuca sativa
Lettuce
Agriculture
AG10
Vol 2
Lactuca sativa
Lettuce
Home Garden
HG15
Vol 2
Lagerstroemia indica
Crape Myrtle
Autumn
AL11
Vol 1
Lagerstroemia indica
Crape Myrtle
Blossoming
BS04
Vol 1
Lagerstroemia speciosa
Giant Crape Myrtle
Asia
AS10
Vol 2
Larix decidua
European Larch
Autumn
AL12
Vol 1
Larix decidua
European Larch
Europe 2
EU30
Vol 1
Larix kaempferi
Japanese White Larch
Bonsai
BN11
Vol 1
Larix kaempferi
Japanese White Larch
Japan
JA10
Vol 1
Larix laricina
Tamarack
USA Conifers
CL07
Vol 1
Larix occidentalis
Western Larch
USA West
WE09
Vol 1
Laurus nobilis
Laurel
Mediterranean
ML08
Vol 1
Lavandula angustifolia
Lavender
Agriculture
AG11
Vol 2
Lemaireocereus thurberi, Stenocereus thurberi
Organ Pipe Cactus
USA Southwest
SW12
Vol 1
Lepidodendron aculeatum
Lepidodendron
Prehistoric
PR12
Vol 1
Leucospermum nutans
Nodding Pincushion
Flowers 2
FL36
Vol 1
Liatris spicata
Blazing Star
Flowers 2
FL37
Vol 1
Licuala ramsayi
Queensland Fan Palm
Oceania 3
OC55
Vol 2
Ligustrum ovalifolium var. Aureum
Golden Privet
Landscaping
LS13
Vol 2
Ligustrum vulgare
Common Privet
Landscaping
LS14
Vol 2
Ligustrum vulgare
Common Privet
Shrubs
SH09
Vol 1
Lilium hybridum
Lily
Flowers 1
FL12
Vol 1
Lilium lancifolium
Pink Tiger Lily
Flowers 2
FL38
Vol 1
Liquidambar styraciflua
Sweet Gum
USA East
EA08
Vol 1
Liriodendron tulipifera
Tulip Tree
USA East
EA09
Vol 1
Liriodendron tulipifera
Tuliptree
Autumn
AL13
Vol 1
Livistona australis
Australian Cabbage Palm
Oceania 2
OC37
Vol 2
Lolium perenne
Ryegrass
Agriculture
AG12
Vol 2
Lonicera xylosteum
European Fly Honeysuckle
Europe 3
EU49
Vol 2
Lysimachia clethroides
Gooseneck Loosestrife
Flowers 2
FL39
Vol 1
Macadamia integrifolia
Macadamia
Tropical
TR11
Vol 1
Macrotaeniopteris magnifolia
Macrotaeniopteris
Prehistoric
PR13
Vol 1
Macrozamia moorei
Carnarvon Gorge Macrozamia
Oceania 2
OC38
Vol 2
1533
XfrogPlants Plant Index Magnolia grandiflora
Southern Magnolia
Basic
BL08
Vol 1
Magnolia grandiflora
Southern Magnolia
Blossoming
BS05
Vol 1
Magnolia grandiflora
Southern Magnolia
USA East
EA10
Vol 1
Magnolia tripetala
Umbrella Magnolia
USA East
EA11
Vol 1
Magnolia x soulangeana
Saucer Magnolia
Blossoming
BS06
Vol 1
Magnolia x soulangeana
Saucer Magnolia
Japan
JA11
Vol 1
Malus domestica
Apple
Fruit
FR09
Vol 1
Malus domestica
Apple Tree
Bonsai
BN12
Vol 1
Malus domestica
Apple Tree
Blossoming
BS07
Vol 1
Malus floribunda
Japanese Crab Apple
Blossoming
BS08
Vol 1
Mammillaria millerii
Miller’s Pincushion
USA Southwest
SW13
Vol 1
Mangifera indica
Mango
Fruit
FR10
Vol 1
Mangifera indica
Mango Tree
Tropical
TR12
Vol 1
Matricaria recutita
German Chamomile
Groundcover
GC11
Vol 1
Melaleuca alternifolia
Australian Tea Tree
Oceania 3
OC56
Vol 2
Melaleuca diosmifolia
Green Honey Myrtle
Oceania 3
OC57
Vol 2
Melaleuca quinquenervia
Broadleaved Paperbark
Oceania 3
OC58
Vol 2
Melia azedarach
Chinaberry Tree
Asia
AS11
Vol 2
Mespilus germanica
Medlar
Europe 2
EU31
Vol 1
Metrosideros polymorpha
Ohia Lehua
Oceania 1
OC15
Vol 2
Morinda citrifolia
Noni
Oceania 1
OC16
Vol 2
Murraya koenigii
Curry Leaf Tree
Asia
AS12
Vol 2
Murraya paniculata
Orange Jasmine
Oceania 2
OC39
Vol 2
Musa x paradisiaca
Banana
Fruit
FR11
Vol 1
Musa x paradisiaca
Banana
Houseplants
HP16
Vol 1
Musa x paradisiaca
Banana
Tropical
TR13
Vol 1
Myrsine africana
African Boxwood
Africa
AF14
Vol 1
Myrtus communis
Myrtle
Mediterranean
ML09
Vol 1
Nannorrhops ritchiana
Mazari Palm
Asia
AS13
Vol 2
Nelumbo sp.
Lotus
Flowers 3
FL49
Vol 2
Neodypsis decaryi
Triangle Palm
Africa
AF15
Vol 1
Nephrolepis cordifolia
Fishbone Fern
Houseplants
HP17
Vol 1
Nerium oleander
Oleander
Blossoming
BS09
Vol 1
Nerium oleander
Oleander
Mediterranean
ML10
Vol 1
Nicotiana tabacum
Tobacco
Agriculture
AG13
Vol 2
Nipa burtinii
Nipa
Prehistoric
PR14
Vol 1
Olea europaea
Olive
Mediterranean
ML11
Vol 1
Olea europaea
Olive Tree
Bonsai
BN13
Vol 1
Onychiopsis sp.
Onychiopsis
Prehistoric
PR15
Vol 1
1534
XfrogPlants Plant Index Opuntia bigelovii
Teddy Bear Cholla
USA Southwest
SW14
Vol 1
Opuntia engelmannii
Prickly Pear
USA Southwest
SW15
Vol 1
Opuntia engelmannii var. Violacea
Santa Rita Prickly Pear
USA Southwest
SW16
Vol 1
Opuntia fulgida
Jumping Cholla
USA Southwest
SW17
Vol 1
Opuntia ramosissima
Pencil Cholla
USA Southwest
SW18
Vol 1
Oryza ssp.
Rice
Agriculture
AG14
Vol 2
Ostrya carpinifolia
European Hop Hornbeam
Europe 3
EU50
Vol 2
Ostrya japonica
Japanese Hop Hornbeam
Japan
JA12
Vol 1
Pachypodium geayi
Large Bottle Tree
Africa
AF16
Vol 1
Pachypteris sp.
Pachypteris
Prehistoric
PR16
Vol 1
Paeonia sp.
Peony
Flowers 3
FL51
Vol 2
Pandanus tectorius
Coastal Screw Pine
Oceania 1
OC17
Vol 2
Papaver dubium
Field Poppy
Groundcover
GC12
Vol 1
Parrotia persica
Persian Ironwood
Asia
AS14
Vol 2
Passiflora sp.
Passionflower
Flowers 3
FL52
Vol 2
Pelagonium grandiflorum
Geranium
Flowers 1
FL13
Vol 1
Persea americana
Avocado
Tropical
TR14
Vol 1
Phalaenopsis amabilis
Moth Orchid
Flowers 1
FL14
Vol 1
Phalaenopsis sp.
Orchid
Flowers 3
FL50
Vol 2
Phaseolus vulgaris
Bean
Home Garden
HG16
Vol 2
Phellodendron amurense var. Japonica
Amur Corktree
Japan
JA13
Vol 1
Phoenix canariensis
Canary Date Palm
Tropical
TR15
Vol 1
Phoenix dactylifera
Date Palm
Fruit
FR12
Vol 1
Phoenix reclinata
Senegal Date Palm
Africa
AF17
Vol 1
Phoenix sylvestris
Silver Date Palm
Asia
AS15
Vol 2
Phormium tenax
New Zealand Flax
Oceania 1
OC18
Vol 2
Phyllostachys nigra var. Henonis
Hachiku Bamboo
Japan
JA14
Vol 1
Picea abies
Norway Spruce
Basic
BL09
Vol 1
Picea abies
Norway Spruce
Europe 2
EU32
Vol 1
Picea breweriana
Brewer Spruce
USA West
WE10
Vol 1
Picea engelmannii
Engelmann Spruce
USA West
WE11
Vol 1
Picea engelmannii var. Glauca
Engelmann White Spruce
USA Conifers
CL08
Vol 1
Picea glauca
White Spruce
Bonsai
BN14
Vol 1
Picea glauca
White Spruce
USA West
WE12
Vol 1
Picea koyamai
Koyama Spruce
Japan
JA15
Vol 1
Picea mariana
Black Spruce
USA Conifers
CL09
Vol 1
Picea omorika
Serbian Spruce
Europe 2
EU33
Vol 1
Picea orientalis
Oriental Spruce
Europe 2
EU34
Vol 1
Picea pungens
Colorado Spruce
Basic
BL10
Vol 1
1535
XfrogPlants Plant Index Picea pungens var. Glauca
Colorado Blue Spruce
USA Conifers
CL10
Vol 1
Pinus aristata
Bristlecone Pine
USA West
WE13
Vol 1
Pinus cembra
Swiss Stone Pine
Europe 2
EU35
Vol 1
Pinus contorta
Lodgepole Pine
USA Conifers
CL11
Vol 1
Pinus coulteri
Coulter Pine
USA Conifers
CL12
Vol 1
Pinus edulis
Pinyon Pine
USA West
WE14
Vol 1
Pinus halepensis
Aleppo Pine
Mediterranean
ML12
Vol 1
Pinus mugo
Mugo Pine
Basic
BL11
Vol 1
Pinus mugo
Mugo Pine
Europe 2
EU36
Vol 1
Pinus muricata
Bishop Pine
USA Conifers
CL13
Vol 1
Pinus nigra
Austrian Black Pine
Basic
BL12
Vol 1
Pinus nigra
Austrian Pine
Europe 1
EU08
Vol 1
Pinus parviflora
Japanese White Pine
Japan
JA16
Vol 1
Pinus parviflora
Japanese White Plum
Bonsai
BN15
Vol 1
Pinus pinaster
Sea Pine
Mediterranean
ML13
Vol 1
Pinus pinea
Italian Stone Pine
Mediterranean
ML14
Vol 1
Pinus ponderosa
Ponderosa Pine
USA Conifers
CL14
Vol 1
Pinus radiata
Monterey Pine
USA Conifers
CL15
Vol 1
Pinus strobus
Eastern White Pine
USA Conifers
CL16
Vol 1
Pinus strobus
Eastern White Pine
USA East
EA12
Vol 1
Pinus sylvestris
Scotch Pine
Bonsai
BN16
Vol 1
Pinus sylvestris
Scotch Pine
Europe 2
EU37
Vol 1
Pistacia lentiscus
Lentisk
Mediterranean
ML15
Vol 1
Pisum sativum
Peas
Home Garden
HG17
Vol 2
Plantago maior
Common Plantain
Groundcover
GC13
Vol 1
Platanus occidentalis
American Planetree
USA East
EA13
Vol 1
Platanus occidentalis
American Planetree
Landscaping
LS15
Vol 2
Platanus orientalis
Oriental Planetree
Europe 2
EU38
Vol 1
Platanus orientalis
Oriental Planetree
Europe 3
EU51
Vol 2
Platanus x acerifolia
London Planetree
Autumn
AL14
Vol 1
Platanus x acerifolia
London Planetree
Basic
BL13
Vol 1
Poa annua
Annual Blue Grass
Groundcover
GC14
Vol 1
Podocarpus elatus
Plum Pine
Oceania 3
OC59
Vol 2
Podocarpus falcatus
Yellowwood
Africa
AF18
Vol 1
Podocarpus totara
Totara
Oceania 1
OC19
Vol 2
Populus alba
White Poplar
Europe 1
EU09
Vol 1
Populus balsamifera
Balsam Poplar
USA West
WE15
Vol 1
Populus nigra
Black Poplar
Europe 1
EU10
Vol 1
Populus nigra var. Italica
Lombardy Poplar
Autumn
AL15
Vol 1
1536
XfrogPlants Plant Index Populus nigra var. Italica
Lombardy Poplar
Basic
BL14
Vol 1
Populus nigra var. Italica
Lombardy Poplar
Europe 1
EU11
Vol 1
Populus tremula
European Aspen
Europe 3
EU52
Vol 2
Populus tremula
European Aspen
Shrubs
SH10
Vol 1
Potentilla reptans
Creeping Cinquefoil
Flowers 1
FL15
Vol 1
Pritchardia hillebrandii
Hillebrand Palm
Oceania 1
OC20
Vol 2
Prothea cynarioides
King Protea
Flowers 2
FL40
Vol 1
Prunus armeniaca
Apricot
Fruit
FR13
Vol 1
Prunus armeniaca
Apricot Tree
Bonsai
BN17
Vol 1
Prunus armeniaca
Apricot Tree
Blossoming
BS10
Vol 1
Prunus avium
Sweet Cherry
Fruit
FR14
Vol 1
Prunus avium
Sweet Cherry Tree
Blossoming
BS11
Vol 1
Prunus cerasifera var. Pissardii
Pissardii Chery Plum
Blossoming
BS12
Vol 1
Prunus cerasus
Sour Cherry
Blossoming
BS13
Vol 1
Prunus domestica
Plum
Fruit
FR15
Vol 1
Prunus domestica
Plum Tree
Blossoming
BS14
Vol 1
Prunus dulcis
Almond Tree
Blossoming
BS15
Vol 1
Prunus laurocerasus
Cherry Laurel
Europe 1
EU12
Vol 1
Prunus laurocerasus
Cherry Laurel
Landscaping
LS16
Vol 2
Prunus padus
European Bird-Cherry
Shrubs
SH11
Vol 1
Prunus persica
Peach
Fruit
FR16
Vol 1
Prunus persica
Peach Tree
Blossoming
BS16
Vol 1
Prunus serrulata var. Kanzan
Kanzan Cherry
Blossoming
BS17
Vol 1
Prunus serrulata var. Kanzan
Kanzan Cherry
Japan
JA17
Vol 1
Prunus spinosa
Blackthorn
Fruit
FR17
Vol 1
Prunus spinosa
Blackthorn
Shrubs
SH12
Vol 1
Prunus subhirtella var. Pendula
Weeping Higan Cherry
Blossoming
BS18
Vol 1
Prunus x yedoensis
Yoshino Cherry
Blossoming
BS19
Vol 1
Prunus x yedoensis
Yoshino Cherry
Japan
JA18
Vol 1
Pseudotsuga menziesii
Douglas Fir
USA Conifers
CL17
Vol 1
Pseudotsuga menziesii
Douglas Fir
USA West
WE16
Vol 1
Psidium guayava
Guava
Fruit
FR18
Vol 1
Psidium littorale
Strawberry Guava
Tropical
TR16
Vol 1
Pterocarya fraxinifolia
Cucasian Wingnut
Europe 3
EU53
Vol 2
Punica granatum
Pomegranate
Fruit
FR19
Vol 1
Pyracantha coccinea
Scarlet Firethorn
Europe 3
EU54
Vol 2
Pyrus communis
Pear
Fruit
FR20
Vol 1
Pyrus communis
Pear Tree
Blossoming
BS20
Vol 1
Quercus agrifolia
Coast Live Oak
USA West
WE17
Vol 1
1537
XfrogPlants Plant Index Quercus cerris
Turkey Oak
Mediterranean
ML16
Vol 1
Quercus ilex
Holm Oak
Mediterranean
ML17
Vol 1
Quercus petraea
Sessile Oak
Europe 1
EU13
Vol 1
Quercus pubescens
Downy Oak
Europe 3
EU55
Vol 2
Quercus pyrenaica
Pyrenean Oak
Europe 2
EU39
Vol 1
Quercus robur
English Oak
Autumn
AL16
Vol 1
Quercus robur
English Oak
Europe 1
EU14
Vol 1
Quercus rubra
Red Oak
Autumn
AL17
Vol 1
Quercus rubra
Red Oak
USA East
EA14
Vol 1
Quercus suber
Cork Oak
Mediterranean
ML18
Vol 1
Ranunculus repens
Creeping Buttercup
Groundcover
GC15
Vol 1
Ranunculus sp.
Buttercup
Flowers 3
FL53
Vol 2
Rhizophora mucronata
Asiatic Mangrove
Asia
AS16
Vol 2
Rhododendron indicum
Satsuki Azalea
Bonsai
BN18
Vol 1
Rhododendron indicum
Satsuki Azalea
Flowers 1
FL16
Vol 1
Rhododendron ponticum
Common Rhododendron
Asia
AS17
Vol 2
Rhus typhina
Staghorn Sumac
USA East
EA15
Vol 1
Rosa canina
Dog Rose
Shrubs
SH13
Vol 1
Rosa centifolia
Hundred-Leaved Rose
Shrubs
SH14
Vol 1
Rosa spec.
Rose
Flowers 1
FL17
Vol 1
Rumex acetosa
Garden Sorrel
Groundcover
GC16
Vol 1
Sabal Palmetto
Palmetto
USA East
EA16
Vol 1
Sabal palmetto
Palmetto
Tropical
TR17
Vol 1
Saccharum officinarum
Sugar Cane
Tropical
TR18
Vol 1
Saintpaulia ionantha
African Violet
Houseplants
HP18
Vol 1
Saintpaulia sp.
African Violet
Flowers 3
FL54
Vol 2
Salix alba
White Willow
Europe 1
EU15
Vol 1
Salix alba var. Vitellina
Golden Willow
Europe 3
EU57
Vol 2
Salix babylonica
Weeping Willow
Basic
BL15
Vol 1
Salix caprea
Pussy Willow
Europe 3
EU56
Vol 2
Salix cinerea
Grey Willow
Shrubs
SH15
Vol 1
Salix fragilis
Crack Willow
Europe 1
EU16
Vol 1
Salix purpurea
Purple Willow
Shrubs
SH16
Vol 1
Sambucus nigra
Elderberry
Europe 1
EU17
Vol 1
Sambucus nigra
Elderberry
Shrubs
SH17
Vol 1
Santalum album
Indian Sandalwood
Asia
AS18
Vol 2
Saraca indica
Ashoka Tree
Asia
AS19
Vol 2
Sassafras albidum
Sassafras
Basic
BL16
Vol 1
Sequoiadendron giganteum
Giant Sequoia
USA West
WE18
Vol 1
1538
XfrogPlants Plant Index Seriatopora hystrix
Birds Nest Coral
Red Sea
RS17
Vol 1
Sigillaria scutellata
Sigillaria
Prehistoric
PR17
Vol 1
Siphonochalina siphonella
Colony Siphon Sponge
Red Sea
RS18
Vol 1
Solanum lycopersicum
Cherry Tomato
Home Garden
HG18
Vol 2
Solanum lycopersicum
Tomato
Agriculture
AG15
Vol 2
Solanum melongena
Eggplant
Home Garden
HG19
Vol 2
Sorbus aucuparia
European Mountain Ash
Basic
BL17
Vol 1
Sorbus aucuparia
European Mountain Ash
Europe 2
EU40
Vol 1
Sorbus aucuparia
European Mountain Ash
Shrubs
SH18
Vol 1
Sorbus domestica
Service Tree
Europe 3
EU58
Vol 2
Sorbus torminalis
Wild Service Tree
Europe 3
EU59
Vol 2
Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum
Agriculture
AG16
Vol 2
Spartium junceum
Spanish Broom
Mediterranean
ML19
Vol 1
Spathiphyllum sp.
Peace Lily
Flowers 3
FL55
Vol 2
Spinacia oleracea
Spinach
Agriculture
AG17
Vol 2
Spinacia oleracea
Spinach
Home Garden
HG20
Vol 2
Strelitzia nicolai
White (Giant) Bird Of Paradise Africa
AF19
Vol 1
Strelitzia reginae
Bird Of Paradise
Flowers 1
FL18
Vol 1
Syagrus romanzoffiana
Queen Palm
Tropical
TR19
Vol 1
Syringa vulgaris
Common Lilac
Shrubs
SH19
Vol 1
Tacca sp.
Bat Flower
Flowers 3
FL56
Vol 2
Tagetes sp.
Marigold
Flowers 3
FL57
Vol 2
Tamarindus indica
Tamarind
Africa
AF20
Vol 1
Tamarix gallica
French Tamarisk
Mediterranean
ML20
Vol 1
Taraxacum officinale
Dandelion
Groundcover
GC17
Vol 1
Taxodium distichum
Bald Cypress
Autumn
AL18
Vol 1
Taxodium distichum
Bald Cypress
USA East
EA17
Vol 1
Taxus baccata
English Yew
Basic
BL18
Vol 1
Taxus baccata
English Yew
Europe 1
EU18
Vol 1
Taxus baccata
English Yew
Landscaping
LS17
Vol 2
Taxus brevifolia
Pacific Yew
USA West
WE19
Vol 1
Tempskya sp.
Tempskya
Prehistoric
PR18
Vol 1
Terminalia catappa
Tropical Almond
Asia
AS20
Vol 2
Thuja occidentalis
Eastern Arborvitae
USA East
EA18
Vol 1
Thuja orientalis var. Aurea
Golden Oriental Arborvitae
Landscaping
LS19
Vol 2
Thuja plicata
Western Red Cedar
Basic
BL19
Vol 1
Thuja plicata
Western Red Cedar
USA Conifers
CL18
Vol 1
Thuja plicata
Western Red Cedar
Landscaping
LS18
Vol 2
Thuja plicata
Western Red Cedar
USA West
WE20
Vol 1
1539
XfrogPlants Plant Index Tilia americana
American Linden
USA East
EA19
Vol 1
Tilia cordata
Littleleaf Linden
Autumn
AL19
Vol 1
Tilia cordata
Littleleaf Linden
Basic
BL20
Vol 1
Tilia platyphyllos
Broad Leaved Linden
Europe 1
EU19
Vol 1
Tilia tomentosa
Silver Linden
Europe 1
EU20
Vol 1
Torreja californica
California Nutmeg
USA Conifers
CL19
Vol 1
Trachycarpus fortunei
Chinese Windmill Palm
Tropical
TR20
Vol 1
Trachycarpus wagnerianus
Miniature Chusan Palm
Houseplants
HP19
Vol 1
Trifolium repens
White Clover
Groundcover
GC18
Vol 1
Triticum ssp.
Wheat
Agriculture
AG18
Vol 2
Tsuga canadensis
Eastern Hemlock
USA Conifers
CL20
Vol 1
Tsuga canadensis
Eastern Hemlock
USA East
EA20
Vol 1
Tsuga diversifolia
Northern Japanese Hemlock
Japan
JA19
Vol 1
Tulipa sp.
Tulip
Flowers 3
FL58
Vol 2
Turbinaria reniformis
Yellow Scroll Coral
Red Sea
RS19
Vol 1
Ulmus laevis
European White Elm
Europe 3
EU60
Vol 2
Ulmus minor
Smooth-leaved Elm
Autumn
AL20
Vol 1
Ulmus minor
Smooth-leaved Elm
Bonsai
BN19
Vol 1
Urtica dioica
Stinging Nettle
Groundcover
GC19
Vol 1
Viburnum opulus
European Cranberry Bush
Shrubs
SH20
Vol 1
Vinca minor
Lesser Periwinkle
Landscaping
LS20
Vol 2
Viola spec.
Pansy
Groundcover
GC20
Vol 1
Viola wittrockiana
Pansy
Flowers 1
FL19
Vol 1
Vitis vinifera
Grape Vine
Agriculture
AG19
Vol 2
Vriesea splendens
Flaming Sword
Flowers 1
FL20
Vol 1
Williamsonia gigas
Williamsonia
Prehistoric
PR19
Vol 1
Wodyetia bifurcata
Foxtail Palm
Oceania 3
OC60
Vol 2
Wollemia nobilis
Wollemi Pine
Prehistoric
PR20
Vol 1
Xanthorroea preissii
Australian Grass Tree
Oceania 2
OC40
Vol 2
Xenia umbellata
Pulsing Xenia
Red Sea
RS20
Vol 1
Yucca brevifolia
Joshua Tree
USA Southwest
SW19
Vol 1
Yucca elata
Soaptree Yucca
USA Southwest
SW20
Vol 1
Zamioculcas zamiifolia
Aroid Palm
Houseplants
HP20
Vol 1
Zantedeschia sp.
Calla Lily
Flowers 3
FL59
Vol 2
Zea mays
Corn
Agriculture
AG20
Vol 2
Zelkova serrata
Japanese Zelkova
Bonsai
BN20
Vol 1
Zelkova serrata
Japanese Zelkova
Japan
JA20
Vol 1
Zingiber officinale
Ginger
Flowers 3
FL60
Vol 2
1540
XfrogPlants Plant Index
XfrogPlants Volume Bundle Plant index sorted by library name
1541
XfrogPlants Plant Index
Plant Index by Library Name: Library
Common Name
Scientific Name
Code Vol
Africa
African Boxwood
Myrsine africana
AF14
Vol 1
Africa
African Doum Palm
Hyphaene thebaica
AF11
Vol 1
Africa
African Mahogany
Khaya ivorensis
AF12
Vol 1
Africa
Arrow Poison
Acokanthera venenata / oppositifolia
AF02
Vol 1
Africa
Baobob
Adansonia digitata
AF03
Vol 1
Africa
Bushman’s River Cycad
Encephalartos altensteinii
AF09
Vol 1
Africa
Dragon Tree
Dracaena draco
AF08
Vol 1
Africa
Egyptian Carissa
Carissa edulis
AF05
Vol 1
Africa
Forest Sandpaper Fig
Ficus exasperata
AF10
Vol 1
Africa
Kei Apple
Dovyalis caffra / Aberia caffra
AF07
Vol 1
Africa
Large Bottle Tree
Pachypodium geayi
AF16
Vol 1
Africa
River Wild Pear
Dombeya kirkii
AF06
Vol 1
Africa
Senegal Date Palm
Phoenix reclinata
AF17
Vol 1
Africa
Tamarind
Tamarindus indica
AF20
Vol 1
Africa
Tree Aloe
Aloe bainesii / barberae
AF04
Vol 1
Africa
Triangle Palm
Neodypsis decaryi
AF15
Vol 1
Africa
Umbrella Acacia
Acacia tortilis
AF01
Vol 1
Africa
White (Giant) Bird Of Paradise Strelitzia nicolai
AF19
Vol 1
Africa
Wild peach
Kiggelaria africana
AF13
Vol 1
Africa
Yellowwood
Podocarpus falcatus
AF18
Vol 1
Agriculture
Artichoke
Cynara scolymus
AG05
Vol 2
Agriculture
Barley
Hordeum vulgare
AG09
Vol 2
Agriculture
Chili Pepper
Capsicum annuum
AG03
Vol 2
Agriculture
Coffee
Coffea arabica
AG04
Vol 2
Agriculture
Corn
Zea mays
AG20
Vol 2
Agriculture
Cotton
Gossypium hirsutum
AG08
Vol 2
Agriculture
Grape Vine
Vitis vinifera
AG19
Vol 2
Agriculture
Lavender
Lavandula angustifolia
AG11
Vol 2
Agriculture
Lettuce
Lactuca sativa
AG10
Vol 2
Agriculture
Oats
Avena sativa
AG01
Vol 2
Agriculture
Rice
Oryza ssp.
AG14
Vol 2
Agriculture
Ryegrass
Lolium perenne
AG12
Vol 2
Agriculture
Sorghum
Sorghum bicolor
AG16
Vol 2
Agriculture
Soybean
Glycine max.
AG07
Vol 2
Agriculture
Spinach
Spinacia oleracea
AG17
Vol 2
1542
XfrogPlants Plant Index Agriculture
Strawberry
Fragaria x ananassa
AG06
Vol 2
Agriculture
Tea
Camellia sinensis
AG02
Vol 2
Agriculture
Tobacco
Nicotiana tabacum
AG13
Vol 2
Agriculture
Tomato
Solanum lycopersicum
AG15
Vol 2
Agriculture
Wheat
Triticum ssp.
AG18
Vol 2
Asia
Ashoka Tree
Saraca indica
AS19
Vol 2
Asia
Asiatic Mangrove
Rhizophora mucronata
AS16
Vol 2
Asia
Banyan
Ficus bengalensis
AS06
Vol 2
Asia
Chinaberry Tree
Melia azedarach
AS11
Vol 2
Asia
Common Jasmine
Jasminum officinale
AS09
Vol 2
Asia
Common Rhododendron
Rhododendron ponticum
AS17
Vol 2
Asia
Curry Leaf Tree
Murraya koenigii
AS12
Vol 2
Asia
Flame of the Forest
Butea monosperma
AS02
Vol 2
Asia
Giant Crape Myrtle
Lagerstroemia speciosa
AS10
Vol 2
Asia
Golden Bamboo
Bambusa vulgaris
AS01
Vol 2
Asia
Golden Shower Tree
Cassia fistula
AS04
Vol 2
Asia
Indian Sandalwood
Santalum album
AS18
Vol 2
Asia
Jaggery Palm
Caryota urens
AS03
Vol 2
Asia
Mazari Palm
Nannorrhops ritchiana
AS13
Vol 2
Asia
Persian Ironwood
Parrotia persica
AS14
Vol 2
Asia
Quince
Cydonia oblonga
AS05
Vol 2
Asia
Rubber Fig
Ficus elastica
AS08
Vol 2
Asia
Silver Date Palm
Phoenix sylvestris
AS15
Vol 2
Asia
Tropical Almond
Terminalia catappa
AS20
Vol 2
Asia
Weeping Fig
Ficus benjamina
AS07
Vol 2
Autumn
Bald Cypress
Taxodium distichum
AL18
Vol 1
Autumn
Crape Myrtle
Lagerstroemia indica
AL11
Vol 1
Autumn
English Oak
Quercus robur
AL16
Vol 1
Autumn
European Beech
Fagus sylvatica
AL07
Vol 1
Autumn
European Larch
Larix decidua
AL12
Vol 1
Autumn
European Walnut
Juglans regia
AL10
Vol 1
Autumn
Ginkgo
Ginkgo biloba
AL08
Vol 1
Autumn
Honeylocust
Gleditsia triacanthos f. Inermis
AL09
Vol 1
Autumn
Horse Chestnut
Aesculus hippocastanum
AL05
Vol 1
Autumn
Japanese Maple
Acer Palmatum
AL01
Vol 1
Autumn
Littleleaf Linden
Tilia cordata
AL19
Vol 1
Autumn
Lombardy Poplar
Populus nigra var. Italica
AL15
Vol 1
1543
XfrogPlants Plant Index Autumn
London Planetree
Platanus x acerifolia
AL14
Vol 1
Autumn
Norway Maple
Acer platanoides
AL02
Vol 1
Autumn
Red Oak
Quercus rubra
AL17
Vol 1
Autumn
Serviceberry
Amelanchier arborea
AL06
Vol 1
Autumn
Silver Maple
Acer saccharinum
AL04
Vol 1
Autumn
Smooth-leaved Elm
Ulmus minor
AL20
Vol 1
Autumn
Sycamore Maple
Acer pseudoplatanus
AL03
Vol 1
Autumn
Tuliptree
Liriodendron tulipifera
AL13
Vol 1
Basic
Austrian Black Pine
Pinus nigra
BL12
Vol 1
Basic
Colorado Spruce
Picea pungens
BL10
Vol 1
Basic
English Yew
Taxus baccata
BL18
Vol 1
Basic
European Beech
Fagus sylvatica
BL07
Vol 1
Basic
European Mountain Ash
Sorbus aucuparia
BL17
Vol 1
Basic
Grey Birch
Betula populifolia
BL03
Vol 1
Basic
Horse Chestnut
Aesculus hippocastanum
BL01
Vol 1
Basic
Lawson’s False Cypress
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
BL06
Vol 1
Basic
Littleleaf Linden
Tilia cordata
BL20
Vol 1
Basic
Lombardy Poplar
Populus nigra var. Italica
BL14
Vol 1
Basic
London Planetree
Platanus x acerifolia
BL13
Vol 1
Basic
Mugo Pine
Pinus mugo
BL11
Vol 1
Basic
Norway Spruce
Picea abies
BL09
Vol 1
Basic
Pecan
Carya illinoensis
BL04
Vol 1
Basic
Sassafras
Sassafras albidum
BL16
Vol 1
Basic
Shagbark Hickory
Carya ovata
BL05
Vol 1
Basic
Southern Magnolia
Magnolia grandiflora
BL08
Vol 1
Basic
Sweet Birch
Betula lenta
BL02
Vol 1
Basic
Weeping Willow
Salix babylonica
BL15
Vol 1
Basic
Western Red Cedar
Thuja plicata
BL19
Vol 1
Blossoming
Almond Tree
Prunus dulcis
BS15
Vol 1
Blossoming
Apple Tree
Malus domestica
BS07
Vol 1
Blossoming
Apricot Tree
Prunus armeniaca
BS10
Vol 1
Blossoming
Crape Myrtle
Lagerstroemia indica
BS04
Vol 1
Blossoming
Golden Chain
Laburnum anagyroides
BS03
Vol 1
Blossoming
Japanese Crab Apple
Malus floribunda
BS08
Vol 1
Blossoming
Judas Tree
Cercis siliquastrum
BS01
Vol 1
Blossoming
Kanzan Cherry
Prunus serrulata var. Kanzan
BS17
Vol 1
Blossoming
Kousa Dogwood
Cornus kousa
BS02
Vol 1
1544
XfrogPlants Plant Index Blossoming
Oleander
Nerium oleander
BS09
Vol 1
Blossoming
Peach Tree
Prunus persica
BS16
Vol 1
Blossoming
Pear Tree
Pyrus communis
BS20
Vol 1
Blossoming
Pissardii Chery Plum
Prunus cerasifera var. Pissardii
BS12
Vol 1
Blossoming
Plum Tree
Prunus domestica
BS14
Vol 1
Blossoming
Saucer Magnolia
Magnolia x soulangeana
BS06
Vol 1
Blossoming
Sour Cherry
Prunus cerasus
BS13
Vol 1
Blossoming
Southern Magnolia
Magnolia grandiflora
BS05
Vol 1
Blossoming
Sweet Cherry Tree
Prunus avium
BS11
Vol 1
Blossoming
Weeping Higan Cherry
Prunus subhirtella var. Pendula
BS18
Vol 1
Blossoming
Yoshino Cherry
Prunus x yedoensis
BS19
Vol 1
Bonsai
Apple Tree
Malus domestica
BN12
Vol 1
Bonsai
Apricot Tree
Prunus armeniaca
BN17
Vol 1
Bonsai
European Beech
Fagus sylvatica
BN06
Vol 1
Bonsai
Field Maple
Acer campestre
BN01
Vol 1
Bonsai
Fig Tree
Ficus carica
BN07
Vol 1
Bonsai
Ginkgo
Ginkgo biloba
BN08
Vol 1
Bonsai
Hinoki False Cypress
Chamaecyparis obtusa
BN04
Vol 1
Bonsai
Hornbeam
Carpinus betulus
BN03
Vol 1
Bonsai
Japanese Cedar
Cryptomeria japonica
BN05
Vol 1
Bonsai
Japanese Maple
Acer palmatum
BN02
Vol 1
Bonsai
Japanese White Larch
Larix kaempferi
BN11
Vol 1
Bonsai
Japanese White Plum
Pinus parviflora
BN15
Vol 1
Bonsai
Japanese Zelkova
Zelkova serrata
BN20
Vol 1
Bonsai
Olive Tree
Olea europaea
BN13
Vol 1
Bonsai
Satsuki Azalea
Rhododendron indicum
BN18
Vol 1
Bonsai
Scotch Pine
Pinus sylvestris
BN16
Vol 1
Bonsai
Smooth-leaved Elm
Ulmus minor
BN19
Vol 1
Bonsai
Temple Juniper
Juniperus rigida
BN10
Vol 1
Bonsai
Western Juniper
Juniperus occidentalis
BN09
Vol 1
Bonsai
White Spruce
Picea glauca
BN14
Vol 1
Europe 1
Austrian Pine
Pinus nigra
EU08
Vol 1
Europe 1
Black Alder
Alnus glutinosa
EU04
Vol 1
Europe 1
Black Poplar
Populus nigra
EU10
Vol 1
Europe 1
Broad Leaved Linden
Tilia platyphyllos
EU19
Vol 1
Europe 1
Cherry Laurel
Prunus laurocerasus
EU12
Vol 1
Europe 1
Common Ash
Fraxinus excelsior
EU07
Vol 1
1545
XfrogPlants Plant Index Europe 1
Crack Willow
Salix fragilis
EU16
Vol 1
Europe 1
Elderberry
Sambucus nigra
EU17
Vol 1
Europe 1
English Oak
Quercus robur
EU14
Vol 1
Europe 1
English Yew
Taxus baccata
EU18
Vol 1
Europe 1
European Hackberry
Celtis australis
EU06
Vol 1
Europe 1
Field Maple
Acer campestre
EU01
Vol 1
Europe 1
Hornbeam
Carpinus betulus
EU05
Vol 1
Europe 1
Italian Maple
Acer opalus
EU03
Vol 1
Europe 1
Lombardy Poplar
Populus nigra var. Italica
EU11
Vol 1
Europe 1
Montpellier Maple
Acer monspessulanum
EU02
Vol 1
Europe 1
Sessile Oak
Quercus petraea
EU13
Vol 1
Europe 1
Silver Linden
Tilia tomentosa
EU20
Vol 1
Europe 1
White Poplar
Populus alba
EU09
Vol 1
Europe 1
White Willow
Salix alba
EU15
Vol 1
Europe 2
Alpine Laburnum
Laburnum alpinum
EU29
Vol 1
Europe 2
Caucasian Fir
Abies nordmanniana
EU22
Vol 1
Europe 2
Common Juniper
Juniperus communis
EU28
Vol 1
Europe 2
European Beech
Fagus sylvatica
EU26
Vol 1
Europe 2
European Larch
Larix decidua
EU30
Vol 1
Europe 2
European Mountain Ash
Sorbus aucuparia
EU40
Vol 1
Europe 2
Hazel Tree
Corylus avellana
EU25
Vol 1
Europe 2
Holly
Ilex aquifolium
EU27
Vol 1
Europe 2
Medlar
Mespilus germanica
EU31
Vol 1
Europe 2
Mugo Pine
Pinus mugo
EU36
Vol 1
Europe 2
Norway Spruce
Picea abies
EU32
Vol 1
Europe 2
Oriental Planetree
Platanus orientalis
EU38
Vol 1
Europe 2
Oriental Spruce
Picea orientalis
EU34
Vol 1
Europe 2
Pyrenean Oak
Quercus pyrenaica
EU39
Vol 1
Europe 2
Scotch Pine
Pinus sylvestris
EU37
Vol 1
Europe 2
Serbian Spruce
Picea omorika
EU33
Vol 1
Europe 2
Silver Birch
Betula pendula
EU23
Vol 1
Europe 2
Silver Fir
Abies alba
EU21
Vol 1
Europe 2
Sweet Chestnut
Castanea sativa
EU24
Vol 1
Europe 2
Swiss Stone Pine
Pinus cembra
EU35
Vol 1
Europe 3
Cappadocian Maple
Acer cappadocicum
EU41
Vol 2
Europe 3
Chestnut
Castanea sativa
EU43
Vol 2
Europe 3
Cucasian Wingnut
Pterocarya fraxinifolia
EU53
Vol 2
1546
XfrogPlants Plant Index Europe 3
Cutleaf European Beech
Fagus sylvatica var. Asplenifolia
EU46
Vol 2
Europe 3
Downy Oak
Quercus pubescens
EU55
Vol 2
Europe 3
European Aspen
Populus tremula
EU52
Vol 2
Europe 3
European Fly Honeysuckle
Lonicera xylosteum
EU49
Vol 2
Europe 3
European Hop Hornbeam
Ostrya carpinifolia
EU50
Vol 2
Europe 3
European Smoketree
Cotinus coggygria
EU45
Vol 2
Europe 3
European White Elm
Ulmus laevis
EU60
Vol 2
Europe 3
Golden Willow
Salix alba var. Vitellina
EU57
Vol 2
Europe 3
Grey Alder
Alnus incana
EU42
Vol 2
Europe 3
Oriental Planetree
Platanus orientalis
EU51
Vol 2
Europe 3
Pussy Willow
Salix caprea
EU56
Vol 2
Europe 3
Savin Juniper
Juniperus sabina
EU48
Vol 2
Europe 3
Scarlet Firethorn
Pyracantha coccinea
EU54
Vol 2
Europe 3
Service Tree
Sorbus domestica
EU58
Vol 2
Europe 3
Turkish Hazel
Corylus colurna
EU44
Vol 2
Europe 3
Weeping European Beech
Fagus sylvatica var. Pendula
EU47
Vol 2
Europe 3
Wild Service Tree
Sorbus torminalis
EU59
Vol 2
Flowers 1
Bird Of Paradise
Strelitzia reginae
FL18
Vol 1
Flowers 1
Carnation
Dianthus hybridus
FL06
Vol 1
Flowers 1
Cornflower
Centaurea cyanus
FL03
Vol 1
Flowers 1
Creeping Cinquefoil
Potentilla reptans
FL15
Vol 1
Flowers 1
Cyclamen
Cyclamen persicum
FL05
Vol 1
Flowers 1
Dutch Iris
Iris xyphium
FL11
Vol 1
Flowers 1
Fire Bird
Heliconia stricta
FL10
Vol 1
Flowers 1
Flaming Sword
Vriesea splendens
FL20
Vol 1
Flowers 1
Flamingo Lily
Anthurium andraeanum
FL01
Vol 1
Flowers 1
Geranium
Pelagonium grandiflorum
FL13
Vol 1
Flowers 1
Guzmania
Guzmania lingulata
FL08
Vol 1
Flowers 1
Lily
Lilium hybridum
FL12
Vol 1
Flowers 1
Meadows Cranebill
Geranium pratense
FL07
Vol 1
Flowers 1
Moth Orchid
Phalaenopsis amabilis
FL14
Vol 1
Flowers 1
Oxeye Daisy
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum
FL04
Vol 1
Flowers 1
Pansy
Viola wittrockiana
FL19
Vol 1
Flowers 1
Rose
Rosa spec.
FL17
Vol 1
Flowers 1
Satsuki Azalea
Rhododendron indicum
FL16
Vol 1
Flowers 1
Sunflower
Helianthus annus
FL09
Vol 1
Flowers 1
Zebra Plant
Aphelandra squarrosa
FL02
Vol 1
1547
XfrogPlants Plant Index Flowers 2
Amaryllis
Hippeastrum ssp.
FL34
Vol 1
Flowers 2
Bell Agapanthus
Agapanthus campanulatus
FL21
Vol 1
Flowers 2
Blazing Star
Liatris spicata
FL37
Vol 1
Flowers 2
Crown of Thorns
Euphorbia milii var. Splendens
FL28
Vol 1
Flowers 2
Delphinium
Delphinium elatum
FL23
Vol 1
Flowers 2
Florist’s Chrysanthemum
Dedranthema x grandiflorum
FL25
Vol 1
Flowers 2
Freesia
Freesia ssp.
FL31
Vol 1
Flowers 2
Gerbera
Gerbera jamesonii
FL32
Vol 1
Flowers 2
Gladiolus
Gladiolus communis
FL33
Vol 1
Flowers 2
Gooseneck Loosestrife
Lysimachia clethroides
FL39
Vol 1
Flowers 2
Hyacinth
Hyacinthus orientalis
FL35
Vol 1
Flowers 2
King Protea
Prothea cynarioides
FL40
Vol 1
Flowers 2
Lisianthus
Eustoma grandiflorum
FL30
Vol 1
Flowers 2
Nodding Pincushion
Leucospermum nutans
FL36
Vol 1
Flowers 2
Pink Tiger Lily
Lilium lancifolium
FL38
Vol 1
Flowers 2
Poinsettia
Euphorbia pulcherrima
FL29
Vol 1
Flowers 2
Pompon Chrysanthemum
Dedranthema morifolium
FL24
Vol 1
Flowers 2
Poppy Anemone
Anemone coronaria
FL22
Vol 1
Flowers 2
Scarlet Plume
Euphorbia fulgens
FL27
Vol 1
Flowers 2
Sea Holly
Eryngium alpinum
FL26
Vol 1
Flowers 3
African Violet
Saintpaulia sp.
FL54
Vol 2
Flowers 3
Bat Flower
Tacca sp.
FL56
Vol 2
Flowers 3
Buttercup
Ranunculus sp.
FL53
Vol 2
Flowers 3
Calla Lily
Zantedeschia sp.
FL59
Vol 2
Flowers 3
Coxcomb
Celosia sp.
FL42
Vol 2
Flowers 3
Crocus
Crocus sp.
FL43
Vol 2
Flowers 3
Dahlia
Dahlia dahlia
FL44
Vol 2
Flowers 3
Gardenia
Gardenia sp.
FL45
Vol 2
Flowers 3
Ginger
Zingiber officinale
FL60
Vol 2
Flowers 3
Hibiscus
Hibiscus sp.
FL47
Vol 2
Flowers 3
Hortensia
Hydrangea sp.
FL48
Vol 2
Flowers 3
Lotus
Nelumbo sp.
FL49
Vol 2
Flowers 3
Marigold
Tagetes sp.
FL57
Vol 2
Flowers 3
Orchid
Phalaenopsis sp.
FL50
Vol 2
Flowers 3
Passionflower
Passiflora sp.
FL52
Vol 2
Flowers 3
Peace Lily
Spathiphyllum sp.
FL55
Vol 2
Flowers 3
Peony
Paeonia sp.
FL51
Vol 2
1548
XfrogPlants Plant Index Flowers 3
Snapdragon
Antirrhinum sp.
FL41
Vol 2
Flowers 3
Spider Gerbera
Gerbera sp.
FL46
Vol 2
Flowers 3
Tulip
Tulipa sp.
FL58
Vol 2
Fruit
Apple
Malus domestica
FR09
Vol 1
Fruit
Apricot
Prunus armeniaca
FR13
Vol 1
Fruit
Banana
Musa x paradisiaca
FR11
Vol 1
Fruit
Blackthorn
Prunus spinosa
FR17
Vol 1
Fruit
Chinese Persimmon (Kaki)
Diospyros Kaki
FR06
Vol 1
Fruit
Date Palm
Phoenix dactylifera
FR12
Vol 1
Fruit
Fig
Ficus carica
FR08
Vol 1
Fruit
Grapefruit
Citrus paradisi
FR04
Vol 1
Fruit
Guava
Psidium guayava
FR18
Vol 1
Fruit
Japanese Medlar
Eriobotrya japonica
FR07
Vol 1
Fruit
Lemon
Citrus limon
FR03
Vol 1
Fruit
Mango
Mangifera indica
FR10
Vol 1
Fruit
Mexican Lime
Citrus aurantifolia
FR02
Vol 1
Fruit
Papaya
Carica papaya
FR01
Vol 1
Fruit
Peach
Prunus persica
FR16
Vol 1
Fruit
Pear
Pyrus communis
FR20
Vol 1
Fruit
Plum
Prunus domestica
FR15
Vol 1
Fruit
Pomegranate
Punica granatum
FR19
Vol 1
Fruit
Sweet Cherry
Prunus avium
FR14
Vol 1
Fruit
Sweet Orange
Citrus sinensis
FR05
Vol 1
Groundcover
Annual Blue Grass
Poa annua
GC14
Vol 1
Groundcover
Cleavers
Galium aparine
GC09
Vol 1
Groundcover
Common Plantain
Plantago maior
GC13
Vol 1
Groundcover
Common Yarrow
Achillea millefolium
GC01
Vol 1
Groundcover
Cornflower
Centaurea cyanus
GC05
Vol 1
Groundcover
Couch Grass
Elytrigia repens
GC08
Vol 1
Groundcover
Creeping Buttercup
Ranunculus repens
GC15
Vol 1
Groundcover
Daisy
Bellis perennis
GC04
Vol 1
Groundcover
Dandelion
Taraxacum officinale
GC17
Vol 1
Groundcover
Field Poppy
Papaver dubium
GC12
Vol 1
Groundcover
Garden Sorrel
Rumex acetosa
GC16
Vol 1
Groundcover
Garlic Mustard
Alliaria petiolata
GC02
Vol 1
Groundcover
German Chamomile
Matricaria recutita
GC11
Vol 1
Groundcover
Greater Celandine
Chelidonium maius
GC06
Vol 1
1549
XfrogPlants Plant Index Groundcover
Herb Robert
Geranium robertianum
GC10
Vol 1
Groundcover
Mugwort
Artemisia vulgaris
GC03
Vol 1
Groundcover
Ox-Eye Daisy
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum
GC07
Vol 1
Groundcover
Pansy
Viola spec.
GC20
Vol 1
Groundcover
Stinging Nettle
Urtica dioica
GC19
Vol 1
Groundcover
White Clover
Trifolium repens
GC18
Vol 1
Home Garden
Asparagus
Asparagus officinalis
HG03
Vol 2
Home Garden
Bean
Phaseolus vulgaris
HG16
Vol 2
Home Garden
Broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. Italica
HG04
Vol 2
Home Garden
Cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. Capitata
HG05
Vol 2
Home Garden
Cantaloupe
Cucumis melo
HG09
Vol 2
Home Garden
Carrot
Daucus carota
HG13
Vol 2
Home Garden
Cauliflower
Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis
HG06
Vol 2
Home Garden
Celery
Apium graveolens var. Dulce
HG02
Vol 2
Home Garden
Cherry Tomato
Solanum lycopersicum
HG18
Vol 2
Home Garden
Chili Pepper
Capsicum annuum
HG07
Vol 2
Home Garden
Cucumber
Cucumis sativus
HG10
Vol 2
Home Garden
Eggplant
Solanum melongena
HG19
Vol 2
Home Garden
Lettuce
Lactuca sativa
HG15
Vol 2
Home Garden
Onion
Allium cepa
HG01
Vol 2
Home Garden
Peas
Pisum sativum
HG17
Vol 2
Home Garden
Spinach
Spinacia oleracea
HG20
Vol 2
Home Garden
Squash
Cucurbita maxima
HG11
Vol 2
Home Garden
Sunflower
Helianthus annuus
HG14
Vol 2
Home Garden
Watermelon
Citrullus lanatus
HG08
Vol 2
Home Garden
Zucchini
Cucurbita pepo
HG12
Vol 2
Houseplants
African Violet
Saintpaulia ionantha
HP18
Vol 1
Houseplants
Aroid Palm
Zamioculcas zamiifolia
HP20
Vol 1
Houseplants
Asparagus Fern
Asparagus plumosus
HP02
Vol 1
Houseplants
Ballerina Epidendrum
Epidendrum ssp.
HP08
Vol 1
Houseplants
Banana
Musa x paradisiaca
HP16
Vol 1
Houseplants
Benjamin Ficus
Ficus benjamina
HP11
Vol 1
Houseplants
Cherry Pie
Heliotropium peruvianum
HP14
Vol 1
Houseplants
Common Ivy
Hedera helix ssp. Helix
HP13
Vol 1
Houseplants
Croton Petra
Codiaeum variegatum var. Pictum
HP04
Vol 1
Houseplants
Crown Of Thorns
Euphorbia milii
HP09
Vol 1
Houseplants
Dendrobium Nobile
Dendrobium nobile
HP06
Vol 1
1550
XfrogPlants Plant Index Houseplants
Electrode Cactus
Ferocactus histrix
HP10
Vol 1
Houseplants
Fishbone Fern
Nephrolepis cordifolia
HP17
Vol 1
Houseplants
Gemma Guzmania
Guzmania diss. Gemma
HP12
Vol 1
Houseplants
Kaffir Lily
Clivia miniata
HP03
Vol 1
Houseplants
Kalanchoe
Kalanchoe blossfeldiana
HP15
Vol 1
Houseplants
Miniature Chusan Palm
Trachycarpus wagnerianus
HP19
Vol 1
Houseplants
Mona Lisa
Aeschynanthus ssp.
HP01
Vol 1
Houseplants
Red Edge Dracaena
Dracaena marginata
HP07
Vol 1
Houseplants
Sago Palm
Cycas revoluta
HP05
Vol 1
Japan
Amur Corktree
Phellodendron amurense var. Japonica
JA13
Vol 1
Japan
Ginkgo
Ginkgo biloba
JA07
Vol 1
Japan
Hachiku Bamboo
Phyllostachys nigra var. Henonis
JA14
Vol 1
Japan
Hinoki False Cypress
Chamaecyparis obtusa
JA05
Vol 1
Japan
Japanese Cedar
Cryptomeria japonica
JA06
Vol 1
Japan
Japanese Hop Hornbeam
Ostrya japonica
JA12
Vol 1
Japan
Japanese Maple
Acer palmatum
JA03
Vol 1
Japan
Japanese Walnut
Juglans ailantifolia
JA08
Vol 1
Japan
Japanese White Larch
Larix kaempferi
JA10
Vol 1
Japan
Japanese White Pine
Pinus parviflora
JA16
Vol 1
Japan
Japanese Zelkova
Zelkova serrata
JA20
Vol 1
Japan
Kanzan Cherry
Prunus serrulata var. Kanzan
JA17
Vol 1
Japan
Katsura Tree
Cercidiphyllum japonicum
JA04
Vol 1
Japan
Koyama Spruce
Picea koyamai
JA15
Vol 1
Japan
Nikko Fir
Abies homolepis
JA01
Vol 1
Japan
Nikko Maple
Acer nikoense
JA02
Vol 1
Japan
Northern Japanese Hemlock
Tsuga diversifolia
JA19
Vol 1
Japan
Saucer Magnolia
Magnolia x soulangeana
JA11
Vol 1
Japan
Temple Juniper
Juniperus rigida
JA09
Vol 1
Japan
Yoshino Cherry
Prunus x yedoensis
JA18
Vol 1
Landscaping
Allumii False Cypress
Chamaecyparis allumii
LS09
Vol 2
Landscaping
American Planetree
Platanus occidentalis
LS15
Vol 2
Landscaping
Boxwood
Buxus sempervirens
LS02
Vol 2
Landscaping
Boxwood (hedges)
Buxus sempervirens
LS03
Vol 2
Landscaping
Cherry Laurel
Prunus laurocerasus
LS16
Vol 2
Landscaping
Common Privet
Ligustrum vulgare
LS14
Vol 2
Landscaping
English Yew
Taxus baccata
LS17
Vol 2
Landscaping
European Hornbeam
Carpinus betulus
LS06
Vol 2
1551
XfrogPlants Plant Index Landscaping
European Hornbeam (hedges)
Carpinus betulus
LS05
Vol 2
Landscaping
False Cypress (bushes)
Chamaecyparis sp.
LS07
Vol 2
Landscaping
False Cypress (hedges)
Chamaecyparis sp.
LS08
Vol 2
Landscaping
Forsythia
Forsythia sp.
LS12
Vol 2
Landscaping
Golden Oriental Arborvitae
Thuja orientalis var. Aurea
LS19
Vol 2
Landscaping
Golden Privet
Ligustrum ovalifolium var. Aureum
LS13
Vol 2
Landscaping
Golden-leaved Boxwood
Buxus sempervirens var. Aureomarginata
LS04
Vol 2
Landscaping
Hibiscus
Hibiscus sp.
LS11
Vol 2
Landscaping
Lesser Periwinkle
Vinca minor
LS20
Vol 2
Landscaping
Norway Maple
Acer platanoides
LS01
Vol 2
Landscaping
Spindles
Euonymus sp.
LS10
Vol 2
Landscaping
Western Red Cedar
Thuja plicata
LS18
Vol 2
Mediterranean
Aleppo Pine
Pinus halepensis
ML12
Vol 1
Mediterranean
Atlas Cedar
Cedrus atlantica
ML01
Vol 1
Mediterranean
Cork Oak
Quercus suber
ML18
Vol 1
Mediterranean
French Tamarisk
Tamarix gallica
ML20
Vol 1
Mediterranean
Holm Oak
Quercus ilex
ML17
Vol 1
Mediterranean
Italian Cypress
Cupressus sempervirens
ML05
Vol 1
Mediterranean
Italian Stone Pine
Pinus pinea
ML14
Vol 1
Mediterranean
Judas Tree
Cercis siliquastrum
ML03
Vol 1
Mediterranean
Laurel
Laurus nobilis
ML08
Vol 1
Mediterranean
Lebanon Cedar
Cedrus libani
ML02
Vol 1
Mediterranean
Lentisk
Pistacia lentiscus
ML15
Vol 1
Mediterranean
Manna Ash
Fraxinus ornus
ML06
Vol 1
Mediterranean
Mediterranean Fan Palm
Chamaerops humilis
ML04
Vol 1
Mediterranean
Myrtle
Myrtus communis
ML09
Vol 1
Mediterranean
Oleander
Nerium oleander
ML10
Vol 1
Mediterranean
Olive
Olea europaea
ML11
Vol 1
Mediterranean
Prickly Juniper
Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. Macrocarpa
ML07
Vol 1
Mediterranean
Sea Pine
Pinus pinaster
ML13
Vol 1
Mediterranean
Spanish Broom
Spartium junceum
ML19
Vol 1
Mediterranean
Turkey Oak
Quercus cerris
ML16
Vol 1
Oceania 1
Bird’s Nest Fern
Asplenium nidus
OC05
Vol 2
Oceania 1
Black Treefern
Cyathea medullaris
OC09
Vol 2
Oceania 1
Blue-Gum Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus globulus
OC12
Vol 2
Oceania 1
Bread Palm
Cycas rumphii
OC10
Vol 2
Oceania 1
Coastal Screw Pine
Pandanus tectorius
OC17
Vol 2
1552
XfrogPlants Plant Index Oceania 1
Hillebrand Palm
Pritchardia hillebrandii
OC20
Vol 2
Oceania 1
Horsetail Casuarina
Casuarina equisetifolia
OC07
Vol 2
Oceania 1
Kanuka
Kunzea ericoides
OC14
Vol 2
Oceania 1
Kentia Palm
Howea forsteriana
OC13
Vol 2
Oceania 1
Koa
Acacia koa
OC02
Vol 2
Oceania 1
New Zealand Cabbage Tree
Cordyline australis
OC08
Vol 2
Oceania 1
New Zealand Flax
Phormium tenax
OC18
Vol 2
Oceania 1
Noni
Morinda citrifolia
OC16
Vol 2
Oceania 1
Norfolk Island Pine
Araucaria heterophylla
OC04
Vol 2
Oceania 1
Ohia Lehua
Metrosideros polymorpha
OC15
Vol 2
Oceania 1
Paper Mulberry
Broussonetia papyrifera
OC06
Vol 2
Oceania 1
Silver Wattle
Acacia dealbata
OC01
Vol 2
Oceania 1
Tasmanian Treefern
Eucalyptus globulus
OC11
Vol 2
Oceania 1
Totara
Podocarpus totara
OC19
Vol 2
Oceania 1
White Kauri
Agathis moorei
OC03
Vol 2
Oceania 2
Alexandra Palm
Archontophoenix alexandrae
OC24
Vol 2
Oceania 2
Australian Cabbage Palm
Livistona australis
OC37
Vol 2
Oceania 2
Australian Grass Tree
Xanthorroea preissii
OC40
Vol 2
Oceania 2
Bangalow Palm
Archontophoenix cunninghamia
OC25
Vol 2
Oceania 2
Brigalow
Acacia harpophylla
OC22
Vol 2
Oceania 2
Carnarvon Gorge Macrozamia
Macrozamia moorei
OC38
Vol 2
Oceania 2
Carpentaria Palm
Carpentaria acuminata
OC30
Vol 2
Oceania 2
Common Net Bush
Calothamnus quadrifidus
OC29
Vol 2
Oceania 2
Ghost Gum
Corymbia aparrerinja
OC31
Vol 2
Oceania 2
Illawarra Flame Tree
Brachychilton acerifolius
OC27
Vol 2
Oceania 2
Karri
Eucalyptus diversicolor
OC34
Vol 2
Oceania 2
Orange Jasmine
Murraya paniculata
OC39
Vol 2
Oceania 2
River Redgum
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
OC33
Vol 2
Oceania 2
Roughbarked Apple
Angophora intermedia
OC23
Vol 2
Oceania 2
Rusty Fig
Ficus rubiginosa
OC35
Vol 2
Oceania 2
Saw Banksia
Banksia serrata
OC26
Vol 2
Oceania 2
Silky Oak
Grevillea robusta
OC36
Vol 2
Oceania 2
Southern Mahogany
Eucalyptus botryoides
OC32
Vol 2
Oceania 2
True Mulga
Acacia aneura
OC21
Vol 2
Oceania 2
Willow Bottlebrush
Callistemon salignus
OC28
Vol 2
Oceania 3
Australian Tea Tree
Melaleuca alternifolia
OC56
Vol 2
Oceania 3
Boab
Adansonia gregorii
OC42
Vol 2
1553
XfrogPlants Plant Index Oceania 3
Broadleaved Paperbark
Melaleuca quinquenervia
OC58
Vol 2
Oceania 3
Coast Banksia
Banksia integrifolia ssp. Integrifolia
OC44
Vol 2
Oceania 3
Coastal Wattle
Acacia sophorae
OC41
Vol 2
Oceania 3
Foxtail Palm
Wodyetia bifurcata
OC60
Vol 2
Oceania 3
Green Honey Myrtle
Melaleuca diosmifolia
OC57
Vol 2
Oceania 3
Grey Mangrove
Avicennia marina
OC43
Vol 2
Oceania 3
Grey Spider Flower
Grevillea buxifolia
OC53
Vol 2
Oceania 3
Jarrah
Eucalyptus marginata
OC50
Vol 2
Oceania 3
Lemon Bottlebrush
Callistemon pallidus
OC45
Vol 2
Oceania 3
Manna Gum
Eucalyptus viminalis
OC51
Vol 2
Oceania 3
Marri
Corymbia calophylla
OC47
Vol 2
Oceania 3
Plum Pine
Podocarpus elatus
OC59
Vol 2
Oceania 3
Queensland Fan Palm
Licuala ramsayi
OC55
Vol 2
Oceania 3
Red Silky Oak
Grevillea banksii
OC52
Vol 2
Oceania 3
Rosemary Grevillea
Grevillea rosmarinifolia
OC54
Vol 2
Oceania 3
Spotted Gum
Corymbia maculata
OC48
Vol 2
Oceania 3
Weeping Bottlebrush
Callistemon viminalis
OC46
Vol 2
Oceania 3
White Mallee
Eucalyptus dumosa
OC49
Vol 2
Prehistoric
Alethopteris
Alethopteris serli
PR01
Vol 1
Prehistoric
Araucaria
Araucaria sp.
PR02
Vol 1
Prehistoric
Archaeopteris
Archaeopteris sp.
PR03
Vol 1
Prehistoric
Asterophyllites
Asterophyllites equisetiformis
PR04
Vol 1
Prehistoric
Asteroxylon
Asteroxylon mackiei
PR05
Vol 1
Prehistoric
Bjuvia
Bjuvia simplex
PR06
Vol 1
Prehistoric
Calamites
Calamites sp. Equisetites ssp.
PR07
Vol 1
Prehistoric
Cordaites
Cordaites angulostriatus
PR08
Vol 1
Prehistoric
Cycadeoidea Gigantea
Cycadeoidea gigantea
PR09
Vol 1
Prehistoric
Dicroidium
Dicroidium sp.
PR10
Vol 1
Prehistoric
Glossopteris
Glossopteris sp.
PR11
Vol 1
Prehistoric
Lepidodendron
Lepidodendron aculeatum
PR12
Vol 1
Prehistoric
Macrotaeniopteris
Macrotaeniopteris magnifolia
PR13
Vol 1
Prehistoric
Nipa
Nipa burtinii
PR14
Vol 1
Prehistoric
Onychiopsis
Onychiopsis sp.
PR15
Vol 1
Prehistoric
Pachypteris
Pachypteris sp.
PR16
Vol 1
Prehistoric
Sigillaria
Sigillaria scutellata
PR17
Vol 1
Prehistoric
Tempskya
Tempskya sp.
PR18
Vol 1
Prehistoric
Williamsonia
Williamsonia gigas
PR19
Vol 1
1554
XfrogPlants Plant Index Prehistoric
Wollemi Pine
Wollemia nobilis
PR20
Vol 1
Red Sea
Birds Nest Coral
Seriatopora hystrix
RS17
Vol 1
Red Sea
Carnation Coral
Dendronephthya sp.
RS09
Vol 1
Red Sea
Colony Siphon Sponge
Siphonochalina siphonella
RS18
Vol 1
Red Sea
Crown Of Thorns Starfish
Acanthaster planci
RS02
Vol 1
Red Sea
Curved Mushroom Coral
Fungia scruposa
RS13
Vol 1
Red Sea
Feather Caulerpa
Caulerpa sertularoides
RS07
Vol 1
Red Sea
Giant Sea Fan
Annella mollis
RS04
Vol 1
Red Sea
Grape Caulerpa
Caulerpa racemosa
RS06
Vol 1
Red Sea
Groved Mosaic Coral
Favia favus
RS12
Vol 1
Red Sea
Halimeda
Halimeda sp.
RS15
Vol 1
Red Sea
Honeycomb Coral
Goniastrea edwardsi
RS14
Vol 1
Red Sea
Long-Spined Sea Urchin
Diadema setosum
RS10
Vol 1
Red Sea
Low Acropora
Acropora hemprichi
RS03
Vol 1
Red Sea
Magnificent Anemone
Heteractis magnifica
RS16
Vol 1
Red Sea
Mathaeus Sea Urchin
Echinometra mathaei
RS11
Vol 1
Red Sea
Naked Basket Star
Astroba nuda
RS05
Vol 1
Red Sea
Pulsing Xenia
Xenia umbellata
RS20
Vol 1
Red Sea
Red Sea Fan
Acabaria biserialis
RS01
Vol 1
Red Sea
Tube Anemone
Cerianthus sp.
RS08
Vol 1
Red Sea
Yellow Scroll Coral
Turbinaria reniformis
RS19
Vol 1
Shrubs
Blackthorn
Prunus spinosa
SH12
Vol 1
Shrubs
Bloodtwig Dogwood
Cornus sanguinea
SH03
Vol 1
Shrubs
Common Hawthorn
Crataegus monogyna
SH05
Vol 1
Shrubs
Common Lilac
Syringa vulgaris
SH19
Vol 1
Shrubs
Common Privet
Ligustrum vulgare
SH09
Vol 1
Shrubs
Cornelian Cherry Dogwood
Cornus mas
SH02
Vol 1
Shrubs
Dog Rose
Rosa canina
SH13
Vol 1
Shrubs
Elderberry
Sambucus nigra
SH17
Vol 1
Shrubs
European Aspen
Populus tremula
SH10
Vol 1
Shrubs
European Bird-Cherry
Prunus padus
SH11
Vol 1
Shrubs
European Buckthorn
Frangula alnus
SH08
Vol 1
Shrubs
European Cranberry Bush
Viburnum opulus
SH20
Vol 1
Shrubs
European Mountain Ash
Sorbus aucuparia
SH18
Vol 1
Shrubs
European Spindle-Tree
Euonymus europaea
SH06
Vol 1
Shrubs
Fig Tree
Ficus carica
SH07
Vol 1
Shrubs
Grey Willow
Salix cinerea
SH15
Vol 1
1555
XfrogPlants Plant Index Shrubs
Hazel Tree
Corylus avellana
SH04
Vol 1
Shrubs
Hornbeam
Carpinus betulus
SH01
Vol 1
Shrubs
Hundred-Leaved Rose
Rosa centifolia
SH14
Vol 1
Shrubs
Purple Willow
Salix purpurea
SH16
Vol 1
Tropical
Avocado
Persea americana
TR14
Vol 1
Tropical
Banana
Musa x paradisiaca
TR13
Vol 1
Tropical
Bluegum Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus globulus
TR09
Vol 1
Tropical
Breadfruit Tree
Artocarpus altilis
TR03
Vol 1
Tropical
Canary Date Palm
Phoenix canariensis
TR15
Vol 1
Tropical
Cashew
Anacardium occidentale
TR01
Vol 1
Tropical
Chinese Windmill Palm
Trachycarpus fortunei
TR20
Vol 1
Tropical
Coconut Palm
Cocos nucifera
TR07
Vol 1
Tropical
Coffee Tree
Coffea arabica
TR08
Vol 1
Tropical
King Palm
Archontophoenix alexandrae
TR02
Vol 1
Tropical
Macadamia
Macadamia integrifolia
TR11
Vol 1
Tropical
Mango Tree
Mangifera indica
TR12
Vol 1
Tropical
Mediterranean Fan Palm
Chamaerops humilis
TR05
Vol 1
Tropical
Palmetto
Sabal palmetto
TR17
Vol 1
Tropical
Papaya
Carica papaya
TR04
Vol 1
Tropical
Queen Palm
Syagrus romanzoffiana
TR19
Vol 1
Tropical
Rubber Tree
Ficus elastica
TR10
Vol 1
Tropical
Strawberry Guava
Psidium littorale
TR16
Vol 1
Tropical
Sugar Cane
Saccharum officinarum
TR18
Vol 1
Tropical
Sweet Orange Tree
Citrus sinensis
TR06
Vol 1
USA Conifers
Bishop Pine
Pinus muricata
CL13
Vol 1
USA Conifers
Black Spruce
Picea mariana
CL09
Vol 1
USA Conifers
California Nutmeg
Torreja californica
CL19
Vol 1
USA Conifers
California Red Fir
Abies magnifica
CL03
Vol 1
USA Conifers
Colorado Blue Spruce
Picea pungens var. Glauca
CL10
Vol 1
USA Conifers
Coulter Pine
Pinus coulteri
CL12
Vol 1
USA Conifers
Douglas Fir
Pseudotsuga menziesii
CL17
Vol 1
USA Conifers
Eastern Hemlock
Tsuga canadensis
CL20
Vol 1
USA Conifers
Eastern White Pine
Pinus strobus
CL16
Vol 1
USA Conifers
Engelmann White Spruce
Picea engelmannii var. Glauca
CL08
Vol 1
USA Conifers
Grand Fir
Abies grandis
CL02
Vol 1
USA Conifers
Incense Cedar
Calocedrus decurrens
CL04
Vol 1
USA Conifers
Lodgepole Pine
Pinus contorta
CL11
Vol 1
1556
XfrogPlants Plant Index USA Conifers
Monterey Cypress
Cupressus macrocarpa
CL05
Vol 1
USA Conifers
Monterey Pine
Pinus radiata
CL15
Vol 1
USA Conifers
Ponderosa Pine
Pinus ponderosa
CL14
Vol 1
USA Conifers
Tamarack
Larix laricina
CL07
Vol 1
USA Conifers
Western Juniper
Juniperus occidentalis
CL06
Vol 1
USA Conifers
Western Red Cedar
Thuja plicata
CL18
Vol 1
USA Conifers
White Fir
Abies concolor
CL01
Vol 1
USA East
American Beech
Fagus grandifolia
EA05
Vol 1
USA East
American Linden
Tilia americana
EA19
Vol 1
USA East
American Planetree
Platanus occidentalis
EA13
Vol 1
USA East
Bald Cypress
Taxodium distichum
EA17
Vol 1
USA East
Eastern Arborvitae
Thuja occidentalis
EA18
Vol 1
USA East
Eastern Hemlock
Tsuga canadensis
EA20
Vol 1
USA East
Eastern White Pine
Pinus strobus
EA12
Vol 1
USA East
Kentucky Coffee Tree
Gymnocladus dioicus
EA06
Vol 1
USA East
Ohio Buckeye
Aesculus glabra
EA02
Vol 1
USA East
Palmetto
Sabal Palmetto
EA16
Vol 1
USA East
Paper Birch
Betula papyrifera
EA03
Vol 1
USA East
Red Juniper
Juniperus virginiana
EA07
Vol 1
USA East
Red Maple
Acer rubrum
EA01
Vol 1
USA East
Red Oak
Quercus rubra
EA14
Vol 1
USA East
Southern Catalpa
Catalpa bignonioides
EA04
Vol 1
USA East
Southern Magnolia
Magnolia grandiflora
EA10
Vol 1
USA East
Staghorn Sumac
Rhus typhina
EA15
Vol 1
USA East
Sweet Gum
Liquidambar styraciflua
EA08
Vol 1
USA East
Tulip Tree
Liriodendron tulipifera
EA09
Vol 1
USA East
Umbrella Magnolia
Magnolia tripetala
EA11
Vol 1
USA Southwest
Arizona Barrel Cactus
Ferocactus wislizenii
SW10
Vol 1
USA Southwest
Barrel Cactus
Echinocactus acanthodes
SW07
Vol 1
USA Southwest
Bishop’s Cap
Astrophytum myriostigma, Astrophytum ornatum
SW03
Vol 1
USA Southwest
Century Cactus
Agave americana, Agave americana var. Marginata
SW01
Vol 1
USA Southwest
Desert Agave
Agave deserti
SW02
Vol 1
USA Southwest
Giant Saguaro
Carnegiea gigantea
SW04
Vol 1
USA Southwest
Joshua Tree
Yucca brevifolia
SW19
Vol 1
USA Southwest
Jumping Cholla
Opuntia fulgida
SW17
Vol 1
USA Southwest
Miller’s Pincushion
Mammillaria millerii
SW13
Vol 1
USA Southwest
Ocotillo
Fouquieria splendens
SW11
Vol 1
1557
XfrogPlants Plant Index USA Southwest
Organ Pipe Cactus
Lemaireocereus thurberi, Stenocereus thurberi
SW12
Vol 1
USA Southwest
Paloverde
Cercidium floridum
SW05
Vol 1
USA Southwest
Pencil Cholla
Opuntia ramosissima
SW18
Vol 1
USA Southwest
Prickly Pear
Opuntia engelmannii
SW15
Vol 1
USA Southwest
Rainbow Cactus
Echinocereus dasyacanthus, Echinocereus pectinatus
SW08
Vol 1
USA Southwest
Santa Rita Prickly Pear
Opuntia engelmannii var. Violacea
SW16
Vol 1
USA Southwest
Soaptree Yucca
Yucca elata
SW20
Vol 1
USA Southwest
Staghorn Cholla
Cylindropuntia versicolor
SW06
Vol 1
USA Southwest
Strawberry Hedgehog
Echinocereus engelmannii
SW09
Vol 1
USA Southwest
Teddy Bear Cholla
Opuntia bigelovii
SW14
Vol 1
USA West
Balsam Poplar
Populus balsamifera
WE15
Vol 1
USA West
Brewer Spruce
Picea breweriana
WE10
Vol 1
USA West
Bristlecone Pine
Pinus aristata
WE13
Vol 1
USA West
Coast Live Oak
Quercus agrifolia
WE17
Vol 1
USA West
Douglas Fir
Pseudotsuga menziesii
WE16
Vol 1
USA West
Engelmann Spruce
Picea engelmannii
WE11
Vol 1
USA West
Giant Sequoia
Sequoiadendron giganteum
WE18
Vol 1
USA West
Grand Fir
Abies grandis
WE01
Vol 1
USA West
Incense Cedar
Calocedrus decurrens
WE04
Vol 1
USA West
Little Walnut
Juglans microcarpa
WE07
Vol 1
USA West
Monterey Cypress
Cupressus macrocarpa
WE05
Vol 1
USA West
Oregon Ash
Fraxinus latifolia
WE06
Vol 1
USA West
Pacific Yew
Taxus brevifolia
WE19
Vol 1
USA West
Pinyon Pine
Pinus edulis
WE14
Vol 1
USA West
Subalpine Fir
Abies lasiocarpa
WE02
Vol 1
USA West
Vine Maple
Acer circinatum
WE03
Vol 1
USA West
Western Juniper
Juniperus occidentalis
WE08
Vol 1
USA West
Western Larch
Larix occidentalis
WE09
Vol 1
USA West
Western Red Cedar
Thuja plicata
WE20
Vol 1
USA West
White Spruce
Picea glauca
WE12
Vol 1
1558