AIR
JOURNAL
ABPL30048_2017_SM2 Xinjie (Jill) Hu 788178
TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION PART A CONCEPTUALISATION A. 0 A. 1 A. 2 A. 3 A. 4 A. 5 A. 6 BIBLIOGRAPHY & IMAGE LIST PART B CRITERIA DESIGN B. 1 algorithmic sketchbook - week 4 B. 2 B. 3 algorithmic sketchbook - week 5 B. 4
1 3 5 13 21 31 31 32 33
35 37 47 55 59 65
B. 5 algorithmic sketchbook - week 6 B. 6 B. 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY & IMAGE LIST PART C DETAILED DESIGN C. 1 C. 2 C. 3 C. 4
68 69 77 82 83
INTRODUCTION I am an architecture student and this is my second year in university of Melbourne. Before I came here, I studied for one year in China University of Science and Technology. My learning experience in Chine helps me to understand the construction and technical drawing a lot when I study here, due to those knowledges are the main emphasis in Chinese university. But there is a bad side to everything. I had a bad impression on modern architecture and architects at the time. This is because when I did research about house group built in Hangzhou which was designed by David Chipperfield and his architecture factory, I found that the houses had poor ability of adapting to the climate of Hangzhou. The interior walls and furniture ruined by the accumulated wet air. That problems were supposed to avoid if they did deeper research on east China climate. 1
fig. 1 selfie
Since my study emphasis at that time is study how to design architecture functional and comfortable, the first impression on modern architects push me to overgeneralize modern architecture in the extreme. This prejudice changed little by little in the last one and a half year. I learned both history of Chinese and oversea architecture and experienced two studios’ study, found more advantages of modern and post-modern architectures. Also, I realized the prejudice is actually resulted from the Chinses old school and conceit. My study experience on different countries push me to find my present destination in this major after I subjectively contrast these two. I hope that my experience in studio AIR will help me to find problems and solve them if any luck and also learn parametric architecture of course.
fig. 2 digital model for studio earth - aerial view
fig. 3 digital model for studio earth - perspective
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PART A CONCEPTUALISATION A. 0 The construction industry developing history in China tell me a truth that quality of architecture is the most important thing to architects. Few years ago, Chinese construction factory need a large number of architects and they built houses, apartments, office buildings in an incredible speed. That situation changed in the last few years. After the people’ requirement on number of living space is not the most urgent thing, clients started to think highly of architecture’s quality such as aesthetics and high-tech. As a result, it is cdevelop the quality of architectures. In this case, parametric modeling is the most promising mothed. Pioneer architects like Zaha Hadid who practice that give later architects another possibility on future architecture. 4
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A. 1 DESIGN FUTURING Precedent 1 Notro Dame Du Haut
Le Corbusier is the most famous architect of the 20th century, urban planners and writers. He is a radical architect who lead the modern architecture movement, a main advocator of modernist architecture, and the important founder of machine aesthetics. Notro Dame Du Haut is one distinctive design throughout all his works. It has a complex structure which meets people’s aesthetic psychology. This is because simple structure contributes to good designs such as Villa Savoy in the past and a similar item will not be popular after a few years development in architecture. Villa Savoy reminds people of classical mechanics, the idea of Euclidean geometry while Notre Dame Du Haut reminds people of modern mechanics, non-Euclidean geometry.
It is easy to understand that people’s taste on architecture changes and architects who find it out quickly do not fail to create a good design. Negative example like “less is more” is not always right. Venturi said “less is bore” which criticized Mies Van De Rohe’s notion and put up with the contradictions and complexities of architecture1.
1 Morton, Patrica A, 'the legacy of complexity and contradiction', journal of the society of architectural historians, 2016 Dec, v75, n4, 401-402. 6
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Except of meeting the temporal taste, Notre Dame Du Haut stood the test of time. Personally, I think that the most spectacular part of Notre Dame du Haut is its roof. The curved roof peels up towards the sky and looks like it is floating above the whole building as it is constructed on embedded columns hidden in the walls2.
fig. 7
This special design results of a contrast between the weightless roof and heavy
massive buildings. In the same time, the sculptural effect walls, sporadic windows define the purity of this subject as well as break the convention of Gothic cathedral. We can see that how a revolutionary change on current affairs gives architecture a new future.
2ă&#x20AC;&#x20AC;Kroll, Andrew, 'AD classics: Ronchamp /Le Cobusier', Archidaily ,<http://www.archdaily.com/84988/ ad-classics-ronchamp-le-corbusier> [10 Aug 2017] 8
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Precedent 2 Cliff House
"AS AN ARCHITECT, YOU DESIGN FOR THE PRESENT, WITH AN AWARENESS OF THE PAST, FOR A FUTURE WHICH IS ESSENTIALLY UNKNOWN. " - NORMAN FOSTER
Like Dunne and Raby said, "we need to dream new dreams for the twenty-first century as those of the twentieth century rapidly fade. ". Paramedic design opens a new perspective on wild imagination and more possibilities for current people. Cliff House is a such typical work. It is a collaboration between Kokkugia/ Roland Snooks and the Mitchell Lab at Texas A&M3. The first time I saw this building, I was shocked and felt confused about the distinction between structure and ornament. It is covered by this composited skin which blur the interior view, or maybe, indicate people to find this appearance.
3ã&#x20AC;&#x20AC;hume coover studio, 'the cliff house', suckerPuch, <http://www. suckerpunchdaily.com/2014/02/19/cliff-house/#more-35257> [10 Aug 2017] 10
fig. 9
The interior strands etch their “roots” into the cliff surface which produce the illusion that the house is a grown cocoon or mollusc.
fig. 10
This condition is described as “neither geological nor synthetic; instead it sets up a tension between the two” 4. In some kind, I find this computerprogramming network gives life to building and make building no longer a functional concrete giant. Also, the use of composite material in the Cliff House has a more aesthetic and high-tech intentions. It states a new era where expressive appearance arouses users, builders or designers’ interest. I think this vitality is appreciated for now and future architecture.
fig. 11
4 humer coover studio, 'the cliff house' 12
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A. 2 DESIGN COMPUTATION Precedent 3 Walt Disney Concert Hall Design computation makes the impossible structure, compositions and shape come into being in digital world. The computer programming is beneficial to modern architects who want to bring their idea with incredible curves or weird shapes into reality. Like Kalay said, "and they always have side effects and aftereffects, which may render the solution unacceptable for reasons not directly associated with the problem itself"5. In this context, architects can easily to communicate with builders and
clients in front of a computer screen and have an overall and detailed view of their design without making a physical model. Which I think is the most significant thing is that computer record the design process, it gives designers a clear works and processes’ display and let them make the best modification.
5 Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25 14
The Walt Disney Concert Hall’s sweeping, metallic surfaces have become associated with Frank Gehry’s signature style. Its unique appearance makes it an important landmark on the southern avenue of downtown Los Angeles. For modern architecture, it defines deconstruction in terms of its composition of undulating, angle forms and exposed framed windows. For its interior, Gehry use steel frame take place of columns and steel frame can be directly observed by visitors when they look through a skylight. This steel structure and the design of atrium contributes to an irregular and open interior space that is compulsory for concert hall with orchestra and audience occupying a certain space6. Also, the interior walls and ceiling act in cooperation with exterior appearance. 15
Some of them are continuous and curved which blur the structure bounds. According to Gehry, the billowing ceiling act as part of the acoustical system as well7. In this case, the concert hall is the product of highly controlled computer programming. The outcome of parametric orders in turn indicate and spilt the interior space which achieves a harmony between incredible geometry-shape exterior and practical interior space.
6 Jones, Rennie, 'AD classics: Walt Disney Concert Hall / Frank Gehry', Archidaily ,<http://www.archdaily.com/441358/ad-classicswalt-disney-concert-hall-frank-gehry> [10 Aug 2017] 7 Jones, Rennie, 'AD classics: Walt Disney Concert Hall / Frank Gehry'
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"ARCHITECTURE IS THE ART OF HOW TO WASTE SPACE." -PHILIP JOHNSON
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Precedent 4 Centre Pompidou-Metz
The sculptural-effect architecture completed by Frank Gehry express a strong individualism. I think he looks back to Dutch expressionism but replace the old material by highly specific steel structure. Also, he applies the later deconstruction notion to his design which produce an extreme personal style architecture. According to Didier Boy De La Tour’s article, Gehry’s architecture “spoils its functionality ...... results in poor conditions for displaying and viewing art”8.
On contrast, there is an opposite style of architecture appears at the same time. Instead of pursuing extreme individualism, Shigeru Ban architects utilize computation to renovate old industrial architecture. Center Pompidou-Metz is one of such examples.
8 Didier Boy De La Tour, 'Centre Pompidou-Metz / Shigeru Ban Architects', Archidaily ,<http://www. archdaily.com/490141/centre-pompidou-metzshigeru-ban-architectsy> [10 Aug 2017] 18
fig. 17
Despite of the irregular curved and hollowed skin and mesh constructed supporting elements, the functional space is built just like normal buildings â&#x20AC;&#x201C; box shape rooms, vertical wall and flat ceilings. Some cantilever rooms break through the exterior surface and change the original presentation of skin structure, which brings two distinctive systems into a conjunction effect. Conceptualizing the relationship between interior and exterior makes sure that architecture leaves deep impression with visitor and maximize its original function at the same time.
fig. 18
In this context, computation is more a method to decorate the existed structure rather than directly define the boundary of functional space. fig. 19
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fig. 20
A. 3 COMPOSITION/GENERATION As previously discussed, the algorithmic modelling and programing give designers more possibilities in terms of conception with odd geometry and complex structure. As for generation and compositionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s positions on design process, â&#x20AC;&#x153;modeling of initial condition of an object instead of modelling the final frameâ&#x20AC;?9 defines their value. However, the shortcoming is obvious, the outcome of algorithmic modelling need tests the ability to stand because structure maximumly compromise to desired appearance. So, designers are supposed to speculate the potential failure on structure and familiar with the outcome of each algorithmic order. 9 'what is generative design', geverative design ,<https:// generativedesign.worldpress.com/2011/01/29/what-is-generativedesign/> [10 Aug 2017] 22
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Precedent 5 Leeza SOHO - under construction
With the advent of parametric era, architecture is more conception than architecture as buildings10. This notion is apparent on Zaha Hadid and her colleagues’ works. As Zaha Said, we can’t fully use each corner of buildings just like we can 100 percent make use of natural materials. This notion is contrary to the Bauhaus’ functionalism that they put up with maximizing space utilization. Personally, I agree with Bauhaus.
However, at the perspective that SOHO’s historic positions formed and business form grew, SOHO contributes to an organic flow between people and architecture, Zaha’s design achieves another space utilization. Because it gives people another choice. The building is worth constructing as it attracts people and leaves deep impression on them. This value is irrelevant function or space utilization. 10 Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), pp. 1–10 24
fig. 23
fig. 24
In this case, Leeza SOHO apparently has ability to attract people and money flow because of its impressive appearance and derivative business such as high-tech construction materials. Despite of these, some Zaha style features and computation design details can be observed. The barrel shape building is consisted of two separate irregular curved volumes. The opposite sides respond to each other which can be observed through the gap spanning two volumes. I guess the structure system of Leeza SOHO compromise to parametric conception in term of ambiguity between functional spaces. fig. 25
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fig. 26
Precedent 6 Antwerp Port House
Another example called Antwerp Port House represent similar notion. Unlike underconstruction Leeza SOHO, Antwerp Port House is laid on a historical building – the former Antwerp Port offices. With respect for the historical building, the original building is preserved and new office structure is designed oved the original building. According to Zaha’ research, “the old fire station also highlighted the role of its originally intended tower - a grand, imposing component of the
fire station's Hanseatic design. Its bold vertical statement, intended to crown the imposing volume of the building below, was never realised”11. That push Zaha to create a composition of new and old: a brand new and modern volume floating above the original building.
11 Binet, c, 'Antwerp Port House / Zaha Hadid Architects', archidaily ,<http://www.archdaily.com/795832/antwerp-porthouse-zaha-hadid-architects> [10 Aug 2017] 28
fig. 27
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It is an angular irregular structure covered by triangular facets transparent glasses. The old and new meet at the central courtyard of old office which is enclosed with glass roof. As we can see, how generation gives a different future of architecture. New architecture form stands on the urban plan and relates closed with city development. Also, conceptions bring into reality and interrelate with historic buildings. The association between parametric design and paper design process contributes an integration relationship. fig. 31
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A. 4 CONCLUSION
A. 5 LEARNING OUTCOMES
As I said at begining, I was prejudiced about parameterization and its architectural outcome. But that's resulted from one-sided understanding of modern architects and architecture.Last few weeks' study give me a comprehensive understanding of modern architecture and design computation process.
The study process of using Grasshopper is pretty confusing at first. Even a simple order brings about a massive form. But the problem is that few of them is under controled. After watching more videos, the situation becomes better. It is possbile that I input orders to get my wished outcome and if any luck get a surprised aesthetical form.
The precedent works done by prevoious architects give me great confident to achieve something on parametric design. The outcome of a series of order has potentiability to be a brand new subversive "conception" or only a failure of massive disordered data. So, specteculating the potential result becomes significant.
In the Meantime, the traditional design process still kidnap my mind to think in old way. I feel struggled when the design task is start with a conception and all my knowledge bring me back to think of functions and structures. I hope this problem can be fixed in the near future.
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A. 6 APPENDIX
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Binet, c, 'Antwerp Port House / Zaha Hadid Architects', archidaily ,<http://www.archdaily.com/795832/antwerp-port-housezaha-hadid-architects> [10 Aug 2017] Didier Boy De La Tour, 'Centre Pompidou-Metz / Shigeru Ban Architects', Archidaily ,<http://www.archdaily.com/490141/centrepompidou-metz-shigeru-ban-architectsy> [10 Aug 2017] hume coover studio, 'the cliff house', suckerPuch, <http://www.suckerpunchdaily.com/2014/02/19/cliff-house/#more-35257> [10 Aug 2017] Jones, Rennie, 'AD classics: Walt Disney Concert Hall / Frank Gehry', Archidaily ,<http://www.archdaily.com/441358/adclassics-walt-disney-concert-hall-frank-gehry> [10 Aug 2017] Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architectureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25 Kroll, Andrew, 'AD classics: Ronchamp /Le Cobusier', Archidaily ,<http://www.archdaily.com/84988/ad-classics-ronchamp-lecorbusier> [10 Aug 2017] Morton, Patrica A, 'the legacy of complexity and contradiction', journal of the society of architectural historians, 2016 Dec, v75, n4, 401-402. Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), pp. 1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;10 'what is generative design', geverative design ,<https://generativedesign.worldpress.com/2011/01/29/what-is-generativedesign/> [10 Aug 2017] 33
IMAGE LIST fig. 4 - 7 http://www.archdaily.com/84988/ad-classics-ronchamp-le-corbusier fig. 8 - 11 http://www.suckerpunchdaily.com/2014/02/19/cliff-house/#more-35257 fig. 12 -15 http://www.archdaily.com/441358/ad-classics-walt-disney-concert-hall-frank-gehry fig. 16 - 19 http://www.archdaily.com/490141/centre-pompidou-metz-shigeru-ban-architectsy fig. 20 - 25 https://generativedesign.worldpress.com/2011/01/29/what-is-generative-design/ fig. 26 - 31 http://www.archdaily.com/795832/antwerp-port-house-zaha-hadid-architects
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-BIOMIMICRY When parametric design era comes, new architectural concepts emerge in a high speed. Biomimicry is one of them. According to Maglic, biomimicry is about sustainable design. It drives ideas from nature and explore the relationship between architecture and nature12. The architectures are initially built to prevent people from outside environment. There is no doubt that a shelter isolated mankind from terrible wild environment is comfortable. However, in terms of psychological desire, mankind want to live closely within nature world. In this case, biomimicry give mankind a potentiality to take use of the nature living organism and applied it to architectural forms13. It is true that parametric design is faced with many negative queries as many built parametric designed designed buildings have a poor appearance on 35
function. For example, Frank Gehry’s Walts Disney concert hall reveal a new revolution on architecture. It brought a new form to the world which had never existed on the earth. In the meantime, it performances poorly on function which is unignitable. The usable place inside is limited and without flexibility. In the context that parametric design is controversial, biomimicry gives a solution which may neutralize the disadvantages of impractical. It is stated in Salma Ashraf Saad El Ahamr’s book that “life has had millions of years of finelytune mechanism and structures that work better than current technologies, require less energy and produce no life-unfriendly waste 14 ”. It suggests a conception that performance good on function, sustainability and aesthetic. Meanwhile, computational design makes it possible to bring this theoretic idea into practice.
PART B CRITERIA DESIGN B. 1 RESEARCH FIRLD - BIOMIMICRY By studying the precedents biomimicry architecture, I can test the theoretic idea and have a deeper understanding of how the formation derived from nature respond to the architecture problem of mankindâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; society.
-THREE LEVELS Also, the biomimicry concept has three levels of mimicry: the organism, behavior and ecosystem15. The organism is design a concept refer to one small part of the mimicking organism like a plant. This level is quite unpractical as the useful reference is the organism structure or appearance.
The second level refers to natural behaviour and relates to a larger context. In this case, the applied theory is more how the conception solved the existed problem than directly coping the organic structure. "The third level is the mimicking of whole ecosystems and the common principles that allow them to successfully function."16 12 Maglic, Michael J., Biomimicy: Using Nature as a Model for Design , (Massaschusetts Amhert: university of Massachusetts Amherst press, 2012) p.7 13 Maglic, Biomimicy: Using Nature as a Model for Design , p. 10. 14 Salma Ashraf Saad El Ahmar, Biomimicry as a tool for sustainable architecture design: towards morphogenetic architecture, (Alxeandria: Alwxandria University press, 2011) p. 3-8. 15 Baumeister, D. Evolution of the Life's Principles Butterfly Diagram. In M. P. Zari, Biomimetic Approaches to Architecutral Design for Increased Sustainability . (N.A. 20017) [Personal Communication]. 16 Baumeister, D. Evolution of the Life's Principles Butterfly Diagram.
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-weekly task 1. Find idea from the video and use as driver for chosen Grasshopper technique. 2. Script a considered quality/ idea found in the film scene. 3. The presentation focus on the idea/ quality from the film scene; interpretate the idea as an architectural object.
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ALGORITHMIC SKETCHBOOK - WEEK 4 The west side story talks about conflict between two immigrant groups in Manhattan of last century. The â&#x20AC;&#x153;conflictâ&#x20AC;? is the most outstanding feature of the selected video. The idea my group derived from the video is more focus on the last scene: two groups fight in the basketball playground and finally supressed by the arrived policemen. The two groups of ambitious and fierce people diametrically opposed to each other but compromise to the order system of society. It shows a bizarre unbalance but under control.
Our first scheme, which presented in the class, is composed by one hollowed surface and a bunch of boxes. We try to transform the idea of this specific balance to architecture language in the form of interreactions between two different elements:curved and soft surface, angled and rigid boxes. 38
PERSPECTIVE 1
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PERSPECTIVE 2
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On the prerequisite of displaying their original features, the surface changes the arrangement of boxes while the boxes response to it by stabbing through the surface. The outcome model looks back to the idea of bizarre harmony in the form of co-existing and interreaction. Expect of the description, the pavilion itself looks â&#x20AC;&#x153;ordinaryâ&#x20AC;?. The two elements do not cooperate closely because they can be regarded as two individual systems when taking apart of the pavilion. Also, the pavilion looks plain and simple for people who look at it at the first time. That is far away from the quality we try to express. For further improvement, the two elements can have more identified features. I am interested in practising this idea. That brings me to create the second pavilion. 41
ELEVATION
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PLAN
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DETAIL
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It is still composed by two different elements. Except of the geometry forms, the two elements perform diversely in terms of the colour, transparency and arrangement. The coexisting of two diverse elements is apparent from the first impression. For the arrangement, green transparent polytopes and curved hollowed surfaces extrude from outside to crucial point which results in a dynamic step of curing process â&#x20AC;&#x201C; like the curing process of amber. The curing process is unstoppable and people can feel the emotional struggling from the still body gesture of the contained insects. It contributes to the quality of fierce conflict but in a still condition . In other words, this conflict can be seen as phenomenon of ocean circulation. The experience from diving tells me the extreme huge power created by water crashing is hidden under the peaceful sea surface. The powerful movement is 45
visible to naked eyes by pigmenting the circled water. In natural world, it uncovers the peaceful deception when the Baltic sea meet the North ocean (see fig.33). The theory is similar to what I used to represent my idea and transform it to architectural language.
"COLOUR IN CERTAIN PLACE HAS THE GREAT VALUE OF MAKING THE OUTLINES AND AND STRUCTURAL PLANES SEEM MORE ENERGETIC" -ANTONIO GAUDI
-epilogue The lesson I learnt from this project is that the first impression is vital. It does not mean the second one is perfect. The preference to the second one is resulted from the subjective comparison. Personally, it reflects my own assessment to my old works. One thing that I think objectively indicate a better architectural transformation is the close cooperation between two elements (see detail). It suggests a more massive interreactions in terms of the number and dynamic trend deformation. These interreations naturally formed interior split spaces and outside negative spaces, which define the useful spaces and potential function of the pavilion. For further study, this experience can be one criteria as well.
fig. 33
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B. 2 CASE STUDY 1.0 - THE MORNING LINE
ONLY A MADMAN WOULD ATTEMPT TO PORTRAY SOMETHING THAT DOES NOT EXIST THE ON THE EARTH -ANTONIO GAUDI
The morning line pavilion is a project which take the concept from biomimicry. The basic form of it is a pyrimad. By dividing it into smaller pieces based on methematical principle, cosmology, the final outcome looks like a free growth araneose structure. This unique visual artwork also represent a translated language of sonic theory17. The process of applying the theory is similar to the level 2. It involves the process of locating the existed problem, searching for the avaliable theory.
17 Miller, Wesely, 'the morning line', art21 magazine, <http://magazine.art21. org/2008/09/04/matthew-ritchie-the-morning-line/#.WZrMtjt95PY> (21 AUG 2017)
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I T E R A C T I O N S
1 change dom
2 S N =10
S N =20
S N =30
S N =50
3 seg =3 49
seg =4
seg =5
4 seed =6
seed =7
seed =8
5 dom = 0, change seed
fig. 35
6 seg =4 seed=6
seg =4 seed=7
seg =4 seed=8
7 e-t s=5
e-t s=10
e-t s=20
e-t s=30
e-t s=50
8 v-p s=1 51
v-p s=2
v-p s=3
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C I T E R I A S E L E C T I O N
S P E C I E S S U C C E S S F U L
- STRUCTURAL INTERGRATION The created fragments have a close relationship with each other. The density of elemements is neither tight nor sparse. - LIGHT AND SHADOW For further developing, the structure has posibility to use light and create interesting shadow - SMOOTHING The different forms stay in a balanced state and they are composed like one system instead of disordered several systems.
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P O T E N T I A L D E S I G N
The biomimicry concept I found in the morning line is about referencing the spider web to structure. It suggests a "organism" concept in terms of the special visual arts.
The function of the new pavilion built with synthetis membrane will be displaying the adavanced material of modern industry firstly. Then, it can be designed as a part of building.
I think the strcuture of pavilion has potentiality to be a better pavilion by repalcing the steel materials with synthetic membrane with high strength on tension. So the structure can bear the transverse loads from winds and transform it into deformation. The shape recovers when winds stop. It can be considered as a update from referencing the shape pattern to applying the both the shape and whole fuction system - ecosystem. The process is similar to how the spider wed sustains its shape in windy envrionment.
The precedent I attach on the right page is an interesting example applied with ecossytem. The designers are inspired from the wings of insectes. The design process of conception hall is hight related to both the wings pattern and how it functions in natural world. The difference between it and my ideal scheme is that the movement of wing strcuture is achieved by machine operation while scheme focus on the high-tech material.
18 amphibianarc, 'zoomlion headquarters exhibition center', <http://www.amphibianarc.com/publications/idea-design-evolvingarchitecture/> (29 AUG 2017)
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C E N T E R
H E A Q U A R T E R S
E X H I B I T I O N
Z O OM L I O N
Transformation Diagram
fig. 36
fig. 37
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B. 3 CASE STUDY 2.0
- BEIJING NATIONAL STATIUM The Beijing National Stadium, or Birdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Nest for its shape, is the main Olympic stadium of the Beijing 2008 summer Olympic Games. It reflects both Chinese traditional culture and biomimicry aspect. The exterior steel structure is the most interesting part to explore in this section. It is composed of a suite of steel memebrs embracing the bowl-shape seating area. The original pattern of the National Stadium grows out of birdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nest. The exterior performance provides a very strong visual impact to viewers and it embodies the harmonious beauty between the nature and architecture. 56
R E V E R S E - E N G I N E E R
D I A G R A M
4. Input different param complex mesh as bases
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2. Loft and get a surface
3. Interpolate curves and use "random reduce" to adjust the density of lines 1. Create curves to define the overall shape
meters of series to get s for steel memebrs
6. Offset the loft surface and get the steel member effect 5. Offset all lines on surface created and loft them
Generally, The pattern I created is similar to the real object. One thing worth noticing is some curves run deviated from the nearest rail of connecting the bottom and top ellipses. Considering of efficient economy, it may corrcted in the real construction process.
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PERSPECTIVE
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ALGORITHMIC SKETCHBOOK - WEEK 5
-weekly task 1. Find idea from the artwork attached and use as driver for chosen Grasshopper technique. 2. Design a building for our site. 3. The presentation focus on the idea/ quality from the film scene; interpretate the idea as an architectural object.
fig. 40
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PERSPECTIVE
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For this project, the method my group used is materializing the quality of visual organic pattern and composition of mixed color. It is inexplicable for me to get the quality and emotion that artist want to express. But that which is real is reasonable 19 . The study of biomimicry conveys to me a notion that unordered organic form has logical pattern behind. So it inspires us to mimick one exsited organic pattern to represent the aesthetic order behind this artwork. By mimicking the honeycomb, we simplify the complex structure of colour and lineworks to a continous cylidrical objects.
DECENT PEOPLE DESIGN DECENT ARCHITECTURE. -QOUTE ON NOTEBOOK
19 Hegel, G. W. F., Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts , (n.d., 1820),p11.
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SECTION
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I received plenty of helpful suggestion from my tutor and classmates for improving this pavilion and further design work. Firsty, under the requirement of designing a pavilion for a specific site, we did some site analysis and wanted to make use of the slope landform. By laying the pavilion at the lower point in our site, passagers can easily find this organic structure. But the pavilion has rare intereaction with the surrounding natural plants, rivers, and landforms. In other words, the pavilion is like a discordant and strong landmark. While the site has more interesting places waited for responsing to a pavilion. In the same time, a larger scale pavilion may is advisable. Secondly, the outcome of mimicking the honeycomb losts most aethetic quality
of attached artwork since every detail is simplifiedas our subjective spatial order. Thirdly, for pavilion itself, we made up a plenty of further ornanment such as green wall, green roof for achieving a visual effect. But the idea is far away from the original performance. -epilogue The lesson from this design experience can be my criteria throughout the later design process. In conclusion, it is neccessary to do deep site research. Also, I am supposed to emphasis on dealing with the relationship between a pavilion and our site. Meanwhile, the specific quality of a object I present should be exisited in drawings instead of a speech. 64
I T E R A C T I O N S
1
lift up the first circle and change the number of strips
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adjust the number of strips randonly deleted
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set the initial circles lofted to a mushroom-like shape
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set the initial circles lofted to a matrass-like shape
B. 4 TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT
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set the initial circles lofted to a umbrella-like shape 66
I T E R A C T I O N S
6 build strips based on the ball shape
7 build strips based on the ball shape, replace the internal slices with sticks
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B. 5 TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES Round 2
Round 3
Interation I chose to prototype
Round 1
The core affact I want to achieve is a curved circular mesh surface. iron wires has high tension to be folded and bended to form this mesh surface. At the initial stage of making models, I found the thin wires is not rigid enough to erect. On contrast, thick wires lack of flexibility, resulted from which the shape is hard to be adjusted to achieve a satisfied level.
... Failed
... Failed
... Finally succeed
Round 3 gives me a successful result. The lesson I learnt from this experience is about practical material test. Controlling the affact outcome is as important as realizing the mateiral's property. 68
PERSPECTIVE
ALGORITHMIC SKETCHBOOK - WEEK 6
-weekly task 1. Find idea from the text to use as driver for chosen Grasshopper technique. 2. Design a building for our site. 3. Think about the lesson of architecture learn from my design.
fig. 41
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PERSPECTIVE
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T h e n M a r c o P o l o s p o k e : " Yo u r chessboard, sire, is inlaid with two woods: ebony and maple. The square on which your enlightened gaze is fixed was cut from the ring of a trunk that grew in a year of drought: you see how its fibers are arranged? Here a barely hinted knot can be made out: a bud tried to burgeon on a premature spring day, but the night's frost forced it to desist." - Italo Calvino "invisible cities"
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PLAN
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The text attached on weekly task is one section from book 'Invisible cities'. It arises the my memory of reading the Chinese version 'invisible cities' in high school. The most impressive part is the conversations between Marco and the great khan (one section is attached on last page).
WHAT WE CAN FEEL IS MORE THAN WE CAN THINK, WHAT WE CAN THINK IS MORE THAN WE CAN TELL. -TANG NUO
Through interperating the conversations, I assume that Marco Polo and the great khan represent two group of people. One is the group who see the world consisted of emotional affacts and quality such as colour, smell, warm, safety. While another one is the group who see the physical and theoretical world as a simple target which can be decipted, controlled, inducted and studied. For conveying the emotional affacts and quality, Marco Polo deconstructs the city and describe the detail of very small pieces. It is decipted content in this text, "the copper clock follows the barber's striped awning......the alley that leads to the harbor." For rationalists, these detial is 'invisible'. That contributes to our idea.
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Physically, The pavilion lies undereath the brige and serves as a ramp connecting the two point of the path next to the bridge. The body is consisted of a series of rotated circular plates with different angle. It brings to the spatial order and the unique performance of our pavilion. The circular plates provide the maximum value for users to get close to any point they feel interested, such as the surface of the bridge, the river water, the grasses grew on the river bank and the fallen branches. For the semi-transparent hollowed skin, it means to create soft transition from full sunlight (from the path), light sunlight (on the plate) and shadow (under the bridge). So, users can feel more about detail. We want our pavilion becomes a optional place for passagers and bikers who regularly visit this place. It comes back to our idea. For people persuing the emotional experience, they will come and rememer the experience. For people who have no interests, our pavilion is their "invisible city" then.
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-epilogue The architecture lesson I learnet from this pavilion is that good transformation between idea and architecture originates from comprehensive interpretation of the source. Except of referencing phycial objects, figuring out how objects can arise emotional reaction and transform it into architectural language is a promising way of design.
B. 6 TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL
-weekly task 1. Select a bird and use a significant quality/ idea of the bird as the driver for chosen Grasshoper technique. 2. Design something for our site and figure out what building it is. Analysis it and feed beck into script to develop 'something'. 3. Find a great lesson that is embedded in my building.
fig. 42
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PERSPECTIVE
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PLAN
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After reading the text attached with bird image, my group are interested in the habitat where Cockatoos live. Considering of the requirement of safety and predation, the nests built by Cockatoos is located above water. That's the quality what we want in our pavilion. The general shape of our pavilion mimicks a nest. Unlike the pure bowl-shape nest, the pavilion has its specific spatial order which is forming a passage from outside to its sunk space. The pattern is similar to how Mobius strip works. The users can be native waterfowls. Hopefully, they will be attracted by the artificial nest and take a rest in there. For human-beings, they are protected from falling into the water since the sticks serves as "handrail" and isolate them from water. Another potential function is rubbish collecter. We find the sticks which touch the water can be the barrier for stopping fallen matters. It may operate actively to protect the habitat. 81
-epilogue In this design process, I find biomimicry is assistant when applying a organic pattern to a shaped structure. However, figuring out the organic pattern is not the end of design, transforming it into architectural language is. Dealing with the cooperation among architecture , natural ecology and users will be next step. Moreover, biomimicry is not the only way to interprate Cockatoos. Both my tutor and guests gave a few directions to interprate the "bird" source such as the behaviour of the selected bird (whether gregarious or not). In this case, I grab the idea from a general nest shape, so the quality the outcome conveys belongs to 'bird' rather than 'Cockatoo'. It contributes to the criteria of how relevant the idea to the core quality of Cockatoos. Other criterias mentioned in past weekly tasks are applicative as well.
B. 7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOME After this period of learing Grasshopper, I have a better ability to predict and control the outcome of algorithmic design. That's what my wish from the very begining of learing Grasshopper. I believe through reverse engineer more real project is necessary and assistant to foster this ability. One part I think important but haven't mastered is transiting the basic linework to geometric shapes. I hope the lineworks (e.g. the interations) can be the spatial order to arrange a group of geometries and geometries respone to the spatial order though organic function like how mimosa fold leaves when wind blows (refer to biomimicry level 3).
Another problem is interprating the source and get a specific idea. In the process of computation design, mimicking or biomimicking an exsited organic pattern lead my outcome extreme looks like the origion generally. I guess 'general' is not the desired effect which I am supposed to pursue. For achieving a unique effect, interprating the source to multiple directions and levels, then extracting core quality is the prommising process. I simplify the features of the source to a general point in past work.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY amphibianarc, 'zoomlion headquarters exhibition center', <http://www.amphibianarc.com/publications/idea-design-evolvingarchitecture/> (29 AUG 2017) Baumeister, D. Evolution of the Life's Principles Butterfly Diagram. In M. P. Zari, Biomimetic Approaches to Architecutral Design for Increased Sustainability . (N.A. 2017) [Personal Communication]. Hegel, G. W. F., Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts , (N.A., 1820), p.11. Maglic, Michael J., Biomimicy: Using Nature as a Model for Design , (Massaschusetts Amhert: university of Massachusetts Amherst press, 2012) p.7. Miller, Wesely, 'the morning line', art21 magazine, <http://magazine.art21.org/2008/09/04/matthew-ritchie-the-morning-line/#. WZrMtjt95PY> (21 AUG 2017) Salma Ashraf Saad El Ahmar, Biomimicry as a tool for sustainable architecture design: towards morphogenetic architecture, (Alxeandria: Alwxandria University press, 2011) p. 3-8.
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IMAGE LIST fig. 32 weekly task sheet fig. 33 https://www.quora.com/Why-dont-the-Baltic-Sea-and-the-North-Sea-merge-In-images-theboundary-doesn%E2%80%99t-seem-to-mix-well-Is-it-because-each-sea-has-a-different-density fig. 34.35 LMS - research field - biomimicry - morning line project fig. 36-38 http://www.amphibianarc.com/publications/idea-design-evolving-architecture/ fig. 39 http://www.visitourchina.com/beijing/attraction/beijing-national-stadium-birds-nest-olympicstadium.html fig. 40 weekly task sheet fig. 41 weekly task sheet fig. 42 weekly task sheet
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PART C DETAILED DESIGN ALGORITHMIC SKETCHBOOK - WEEK 8-12 -weekly task 1. Select a bird and use a significant quality/ idea of the bird as the driver for chosen Grasshoper technique. 2. Design something for our site and figure out what building it is. Analysis it and feed beck into script to develop 'something'. 3. Find a great lesson that is embedded in my building.
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-DESIGN THOUGHT For this task, my start point is mimicking the especial feature of a Cockatoo, which is its cockscomb. In addition, I hope that the pavilion can create a space where people can have cockatoos' expericence.
windy day, the pavilion will rotate and people can see it as a amusement park facilitiy. The different expericens are just like how cockatoos migrate in high wind day or no-wind and sunny day.
The final design is located on the river. Because of its windmill-like shape, it can be drived by both wind and water. When the river is still, people can experience the pavilion as normal. When it is a rainy or
Except of the windmill mechanism, each slice has its mechanical motion(see diagram 1).
diagram 1 88
- ADDRESS FEEDBACK After all these weeks' presentations, I had a general understanding about how to make an impressive scheme. Though I was limited by learned biomimicry technique that mimicking some natural features to form my models rather than creating a refreshed and insane geometry. I was so proud that Julius likes “invisible cities” scheme. Definitely, that’s my favourite one as well. Therefore, the next thing I will do is concluding all the feedbacks and put more effort on my later design work. In past design processes, I feel it’s easier to make a small skin which has some good features I like.
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For example, the midterm scheme is composed of a series of sector-shaped pieces. Each single sector-shape piece can rotate and contort though adjusting parameters. At that time, I wanted to make use of the features and relate those to the idea of “flood issue” as well as bird behaviours. Though, the final outcome is not satisfied. In conclusion, focusing on a specific feature is obvious not a good start. I also I put too much efforts on searching an idea or quality from selected source and want to transform that into a specific shape. Comparing to previous irregular geometry I did before, regular mimicking outcome is lack of attraction and interest.
C. 1 DESIGN CONCEPT -SPECIAL QUALITY OF COCKATOO
or objects but friendly to its raiser.
Since later designs will be started from the quaility/ ideas of the selected bird, I did more further research about Cockatoo.
These are the main qualities of Cockatoo and also my start point of designing the pavilion.
Cockatoos live in groups and they migrate in large groups. Therefore, the view of migration is quaite spectecular which looks like the raincloud occupy the sky and fade quickly. By the way, They are not migrant birds which migrate because of seasonal variation. They migrate for seeking suitable habitat or food. Also, wild Cockatoo is an agreessive bird while raised Cockatoo is agreesive to unfamiliar peope fig. 44 Petmania Cockatoo - A memmber of the Cockatoo family. 90
- A REAL STORY ABOUT COCKATOO A university student raise a petmania Cockatoo in his dormitory (shared with other three students). They live together happily. The Cockatoo is like the fifth member of this family. However, One day...
His necklace
fig. 45
roommate A
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fig. 46
fig. 47
Ohh, what's this? Looks like
Let it go. You stupid bird.
food.
(The string is broken.)
- THE QUALITY I WANT TO ACHIEVE Basicly, raised Cockatoo is agreessive when it is in rut period or want to grind its beak. It plays with familiar people well most of the time. We can see more than one personality from Cockatoo. I want the pavilion suggest a sense that "yes, it is inspired by Cockatoo" rather than " yes, it is inspired by a bird". Therefore, I think merge several qualities togerther in one pavilion will help to express that.
fig. 48
My next problem is how to create the specific geometry which can suggest all these qualities.
Winner's smile.
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-WEEK 10 DESIGN PROCESS I was inspired by Cockatoos' mirgation route. Basicly, They just fly 2-6 meters high and stay in air for a long while. I put orders in Rhino and the outcome is like a roll of spaghetti. I think it's a good way to reprent the view Cockatoos fly round their habitat or a tree.
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fig. 49
C. 2 TECTONIC ELEMENTS&PROTOTYPES -COLORING After coloring it, I was surprised to find that the top part looks like the cocktomb of my bird. I hope would suggest people associate the feature of Cockatoo.
SPAGHETTI MONSTER 1.0
SPAGHETTI MONSTER 1.0
-CORE FRAGMENT (PATTERN) Besides of what talked above, it also reflect the double personalities of Cockatoo. Every strip collide with each other if observing it closly. But when observing it with a distance, it looks like soft harmless spaghetti rolls. Therefore, I personally want to develop further of this curved spaghetti pavilion. Julius named it as SPAGHETTI MONSTER in week 10 turorial. I like it and will keep use this name.
-POTENTIAL FUNCTION The usable place is limited since only a few strips are flat and allowed for people to walk (see next page). The top strips which lead users to behave like birds can only acchieve that affct when wild creaturslike cats take a visit. Thereforek, the further developmen wil be fouced on how can this pavilion be used well by people and lead them to have birds "flying" experiences. 98
SPAGHETTI MONSTER 1.0
-PROTOTYPE
fig. 50
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fig. 51
fig. 52
fig. 53
fig. 54
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-MELBOURNE CITY ANALYSIS I was considering how a pavilion could make Melbourne city better. Would people need it? Would people use it? Would it change citizens' life and push them to a better future? That's the consideration when I adjust my pavilion. I did some resaerch about Melbourne citizens. I found that there is a group of people just like Cockatoo: aggressive but harmless, "flying" a lot. They are skateboard teenagers.
fig. 55
These teenagers shuttle back and forth wherever the ground is flat, better with some slopes. So they can practice their skills and show off. But due to the damage to the public infrustructure caused by skateboard, Melbourne city rejects skateborad teenagers to have such exercises in city. fig. 56
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The solution government gives is rebuilding public place where skateboard teenagers gather a lot. The concrete garden boundaries are inserted with metal scrips or built with uneven surface to prevent them play on these places. Except of my own prejudice to how annoying this activities is, skateboard teenagers do need a place to play with. This is not only because they need it and can play enjoyablly, but also for citizens who are disturbed by these boys.
fig. 57
Regarding this condition, I select one outcome which is suitable and safe for people especially skateboard teenagers to use (see bottom page). I name it spaghetti monster 2.0 fig. 58
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-SPAGHETTI MONSTER 2.0 It remains all features to suggest Cockatoo's personalities and behaviors which 1.0 has. But I think 2.0 is better since some curved "flatform" surface is generated unexpected. Considering of the users, these flat or slight slopes are as many as possible if the pavilion is supposed to be used frequently. Also, Now that the one group of users are skateboard teenagers, the top curved strips can also be used efficiently. What's better, skateboard teenagers are just behave like birds when they skateboarding on it. I guess 2.0 achives all the qualities I pursue. For now, it is a successful design for myself. Next few pages show some perspective views of spaghetti monster as well as its interior structure.
flatform area
skateboarding area
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SPAGHETTI MONSTER 2.0
C. 3 FINAL DETAIL MODEL
SPAGHETTI MONSTER 2.0
SPAGHETTI MONSTER 2.0
-ABOUT MODEL MAKING I was told by officeworks staff that it is impossible to 3D print my model due to the machine could not build such thin strips without supporting underneath.
At the time, I realize that designing work is no only anout ideas and how can architecture reflect ideas.It also include the problem whether it can erect, can assambly, and so on.
I also tried creating slots on each strips so that they can connect with each without unnecessary components. Then I could assmebly them aftert laser cuting. But some strips are not flat but have curved surfcase. My model making met its bottleneck period.
I made more perspective views of spaghetti monster 2.0 to show as detailed as possbile what excatly it is and how people can use it to make up the regret of unbuildable.
Making a supporting system is an idea. But...I don't know... It would not be spaghetti monster 2.0 if added with stick suporting underneath. It may look like a construction site building whatever it is forever. 115
Both of Julius' commonts and model making bottleneck period push me to think of more reality problems of architecture rather then a "thing". I guess spaghetti monster 2.0 would be another start point of my architecture studying progress.
C. 4 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOME
-ABOUT SPAGHETTI MONSTER 2.0
I am pretty relased when I realised " my design has so many problems, It would not be built, It would not a perfect scheme". Though, I was so fond ot it when I made it at the first time. I am rejoiced by the thought that I can develop it forever and the process of developing it can remind me of all these problems. Fixing problems makes me a better architect( who haven't graduated yet). For next step, I will start with Julius' comment. How can spaghetti monster associates closely with the site. How can everyone share the space without skateboarders disrupting. Finally, how can I design things what architects can build.
-ABOUT RHINO, GRASSHOPPER AND OTHER PLUG-IN The time I understand what is " let it merge instead of plan to do someting" is the later half of the semester. I am always amazed by outcomes grasshoppers give me. In the same time, I see the limitation of myself. Unknown commands and skills about parametric design are enormous and waited to be discovered, waited to consolidate a unmature ideal design to a architecture design. 116
IMAGE LIST fig. 43 weekly task sheet fig. 44-48 https://www.zhihu.com/question/48340036 fig. 49-54,57,58 sketch and photo by author fig. 55 https://i.pinimg.com/originals/38/ea/e3/38eae397bfdfe0410a477acd986d6a95.jpg fig. 56 https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0a hUKEwj1lPza3pLXAhWHNpQKHZpfBpgQjBwIBA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.theboardr. com%2Fphotos%2F8144.jpg&psig=AOvVaw3yfA2ZiH7Zpp9x8b4inU6h&ust=1509260155028695 Onther images are PS by author
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TUTORIAL: WED 9.00am - 12 #6 Julius