Yiru Yva Thesis 2015

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Y-VA

degree title - ba. interior & product design sustainable urban farming in a recycled space december 2015 student - yi ru tan professor - ugo dattilo


Disclaimer : The designer does not hold possession of the characters used in this thesis project. Any characters that were utilized are only for educational purposes and not for commercial use •†•


SUSTAINABLE URBAN FARMING in a RECYCLED SPACE B.A Hons Interior & Product Design 3rd Year Final Thesis December 2015 Yi Ru TAN Ugo Dattilo



Accademia Italiana Student Ethical Clearance Checklist for Primary Research To be completed by the student for an individual project and/or thesis that involves the collection of primary data this includes images, drawings, photographs, questionnaires and interviews. Please complete this document following the guidance in the Accademia Italiana Academic Standards and Quality Handbook. Section A: About the Research: Student’s Name: Supervisor’s Name: Degree Title: Thesis Title: Duration:

Tan Yi Ru Ugo Dattilo B.A Hons. Interior and Product Design SUSTAINABLE URBAN FARMING in a RECYCLED SPACE 1 academic year

Section B: Training and Experience: Have you had previous experience of or been trained in the methods employed to collect data, and/or discussed with your supervisor? Have you been informed, given guidance, had issues outlined in relation to research ethics and consideration in relation to your project?

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Yes

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Yes

No

Yes

No

Section C: Methodology/Practice/Procedures: Does your proposed study involve procedures which are likely to cause physical, psychological, social or emotional distress to participants or yourself? Does your proposed study involve the use of hazardous materials, other than those currently covered by the School Health and Safety procedures?

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Section D: Ethical Checklist: Does your project involve observing/questioning/the use of people in any way? Yes Please complete the remainder of the form No Go straight to Compliance with ethical principles and Declaration Does your study involve observation and/or recording of identifiable participants without their knowledge?

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Will participants give informed consent freely and be fully informed of the study and of the use of any data collected? Will participants be informed of their right to withdraw from the study?

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Will all information on participants be treated as confidential and not identifiable unless agreed otherwise in advance and subject to legal requirements?

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Will storage data comply with the United Kingdom Data Protection Act 1998 and/or the Italian Data Protection Law 675 of 31.12.1997

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If you have selected an answer shaded in grey, you must submit a full application to the Course Development Sub Committee (CDSC)and/or modify the project. A full submission to the CDSC comprises of: this form, a project proposal, an additional statement of up to 500 words outlining the ethical issues raised by the project and the proposed approach to deal with these. Compliance with Ethical Principles: If you have completed the checklist to the best of your knowledge without selecting an answer shaded in grey, the research is deemed to conform with the ethical checkpoints and you do not need to seek formal approval from the CDSC. Please sign the declaration below, and lodge the completed checklist with your supervisor. Declaration: I have read the Accademia Italiana Ethical Policy for Research. I confirm that the above named investigation complies with published codes of conduct, ethical principles and guidelines of professional bodies associated with the research discipline.

TAN YI RU Name of Student: _____________________________________________________________________________ Student’s Signature: ___________________________________________________________________________________ Supervisor’s Signature: _________________________________________________________________________ Date: ________________________________________________________________________________________





ABSTRACT According to a news by CNBC in 2014, the world may not be able to sustain itself by feeding the nation if the food productivity does not increase. Supported by the fact that Milano EXPO 2015, launched the theme: Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life, alongside with its “Food is Life” advertising campaign to raise awareness. Reflecting upon that there are still the hungry and there are those who die from ailments linked to poor nutrition or too much food. In addition to that, about 1.3 billion tons of foods are wasted every year. The rural communities are aging and the remaining younger generations are leaving the rural area to seek more opportunities elsewhere. They would usually move to the city, to a more urban or industrial environment for seek more job opportunity. Research shows that the conventional farming is damaging the environment as it is causing the soil and water pollution as well as it is degrading the soil. Apart from what has mentioned, the chemical fertilizers that has been used or the oil and the natural gas are the cause of why the world is experiencing a dangerous climate change and agriculture is the second biggest contribution to the global warming. Furthermore conventional farms are usually located away from where the consumers are. Oil price is one of the main factors that contribute to the increment of price in food. In order to do this, surveys were distributed around Florence, Italy to understand the keenness as well as the frequencies to the market made by the locals in order to obtain their daily fresh produce. This analysis showed that the locals would love to know who is managing their food and they would rather have it near the city without traveling to the countryside. Observations were made throughout the city as it has revealed that eating fresh food or healthier choice were on the majority of the public’s preference. Furthermore, as the technology advance, it has made possible for more countries to grow plants in the urban area without the conventional farming methods. Several studies show that when kids grow their own vegetables, they will have the more tendency of eating it. Not only healthier but this can help the environment in so many ways. Consumers are demanding greater transparency when it comes to knowing what’s in their food and where it comes from. Both companies and public regulators using modern technologies to deliver more transparency and adopt it as a business proposition to build trust, enhance two-way communication, and an art of the marketing industry. Above things were considered and to tackle. Hopefully this could stimulate the people to be aware of the problem and how they could lend a hand for the environment which might benefit everyone and perhaps leading into a more sustainable and healthier city.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to advisor Ugo Dattilo whom has given me an enormous freedom to wander ambitiously, with an occsaional tug on my sleeve to bring me back to the topic. Without his guidance and coffee this thesis would not have been possible. It was truly a great pleasure having him as my advisor and mentor. Throughout my journey, it would not be complete without the rest of my inspiring and ever so caring professors that had to put up with me and my inquisitive questions: Vincenzo Rocco Margin, Gaetano Martella, Jacopo Giagnoni, Antonella Tundo, Paolo Volsi, Jacopo Carli, Oliviero Draghi, Andrea Nannetti and Catherine Hamon. My deepest gratitude goes out to all of them for their insightful comments and encouragement, but also for the hard question which incented me to widen my research from various perspectives. My sincere gratitude also goes to Dr. Francesco Biccari, who has guided me through the process of data analysis and the distribution of surveys. Without his precious help it would not be possible to conclude this result of the data obtained. Next I would like to thank my fellow classmates for the stimulating discussions, for the hours we have worked together before deadlines, and for all the fun we have had in the last few months. Not to mention Silviya Nenkova whom has continuously scribbling support quotes in my notebook, without all of them the process would have been less enjoyable. Last but not the least, I would like to thank my family: my parents and to my brothers for giving me the opportunity to strengthen my knowledge and perception in design here in Accademia Italiana. Without their support and undoubted understanding in me, I would not have been able to express myself deliberately.

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Abstract Acknowledgment

Table of Contents Chapter 4 - Location

Chapter 1 - Introduction 1 3 5

Problem & Statement Aims and Objectives Timescale

Chapter 2 - Review of Literature 9

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Theoretical Framework Food Security Sustainable City Vertical Farming The Impacts Food Wastage Change of Shopping Pattern Recycling Space Case Study The Jellyfish Barge Homeland by SPARK

26 30 32 35 41

Chapter 5 - Conceptual Statement 45 46 48

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Qualilative Research Urban Market Vertical Farming Ponics System Quantitative Research Chart & Results

Conceptual Idea References & Inspiration Sketches

Chapter 6 - Project Presentation 59 65 74 77 79

Chapter 3 - Methodology 18

Description of Location Location History Location Information Actual State of the Station Site Images

Layout Plan Sections 3D Diagrams Axonometric View Perspective Renders

Chapter 7 - Conclusion 89

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Summing Up

Bibliography Image Index Appendix



CHAPTER 1 “.. I did the same mistakes that you are doing now, but if you spend some time solving it, you will remember it forever!” — Jacopo Carli



/ introduction /

PROBLEM STATEMENT image [ 1.1 ]

By the year of 2050, the population will have an increase of 2.5 billion people, more and more people have the tendency to move to cities to expand their career and life instead of staying in rural areas. Skyscraper that cant be any helpful to the climate change hence there is a need to develop innovative methods for sustainable food productions to feed the urbanized nations. Vertical farming and sustainable agriculture if implemented well could offer a better living lifestyle. Even in the hottest weather or the coldest days, technology had found it’s way to produce fresh leafy greens all year round. Whether are not up to the people to control but it is believe that the future of farming could be possible with the help of a new technique of sustainable cultivation. The purpose of this thesis is to design a space for a revolutionary vertical farming and sustainable agriculture as a market and also a platform for future generation where one could learn the possibility of our technology. With introducing a new concept of slow shopping, in conjunction with the slow food movement. According to members of the recent movement on ‘freeganism’ supermarket throws out a huge number of food wasted daily. The chain of evidence is obvious whereby reducing the food waste hence reducing the number of land needed to grow on it, in consequence with that will also diminish the number of deforestation also the less carbon will be emitted throughout the process and etc.

Still edible food thrown away together with plastic bottles and empty crates at local food market in Lucca, Italy. Photo by_Silvia Giannelli

Upon whatever that is mentioned above, the market space will also be made up of several lunchrooms or food kiosk to satisfy the food that are less acquired by the consumer. The local produce will be used by the kitchen and promote these as their dishes to prove freshness and the natural ingredients. The challenge of this project would have to provide a space and understanding how does the system of vertical farming works as well as creating a space where the society can have a part of the market like their very trusted local food market. For being as transparent as possible to the consumers what is produced and the process to the ‘shelf’. Apart from this thesis project of going green, the question on if the whole design being sustainable and eco-friendly should not be a question as anyone on this Earth should be responsible to the environment and hence being sustainable is not an option but a must all designer should do.

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/ introduction /

AIMS & OBJECTIVE image [ 1.2 ]

The intention of this project is set out to recycle under a used space, Stazione Leopolda. Reviving this space where it will have a meaningful use to it in order to resolve the problem, simultaneously promoting a whole new concept of slow shopping experience with zero carbon movement in transportation. As this could also act as a platform to educate the next generation in understanding the problem we are facing or in the coming future. The space of Stazione Leopolda could be split up in several zones as the location was chose for this purpose. Dividing the space into an area of farming, where cultivations are produced and this holds as a very transparent space for the public to see how their food is being treated. This project would like to also push the message of stopping food wastage and in order to achieve this statement the project also include a food court where the fresh produced are not wasted instead they will be cooked to minimize food wastage. This area could attract the public to also eat healthier as the food court would use most of the products from the farm area.

Strawberries ‘Elsanta’ | Place of production: San Giovanni Lupatoto, Verona, Italy | Transport distance: 741 km (about 460 miles) | Mode of Transport: Freight vehicle | Harvest time: June-October | Carbon footprint (production & transport) per kg: 0,35 kg (.77 pounds) | Water requirement (production & transport) per kg: 348 l, (91.9 gallons) PHOTOGRAPH BY KLAUS PICHLER/ANZENBERGER

In order to complete one’s experience in this venture, the building comprises a space where they can purchase the goods after visiting the whole enclosure of the project. Hopefully at the end of

this experience one could be more aware of what they are consuming in order to strive for a better lifestyle. All these activities are held under one roof and by all means that is also supporting the zero carbon footprint movement and with lower fuel emissions With the technologies that are available now, it is an permissible action to shine a light on bringing forward the country’s knowledge on advancement in the science technology that could benefit us all. That being said, it is believe that with the technology that such as the ponics system, it could allow a wider range on diversity on our food palette as well as sustainability. Allowing this to happen also means that the future generation could have a more hands-on learning experience on what do they have on their plate.

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TOPIC CHOSEN

MARCH MAY JULY

AUGUST IDEA DEVELOPMENT

SEPTEMBER SPACE PLANNING

SKETCHES

SITE VISIT

LOCATION RESEARCH

JUNE

MATERIAL READING

SURVEY DISTRIBUTION

RESEARCH ON TOPIC

DEFINE PROBLEM

PROJECT BRIEF

APRIL

OCTOBER


3D RENDERING

/ introduction /

NOVEMBER

TIME SCALE The thesis project brief was outlined in January 27th 2015. The workshop was held in order to explain the deadlines and the requirements of the thesis. Thesis professors were asked to be considered and chosen as soon as possible to supervise the thesis progress. At the same time, deadlines were announced. By the end of March, the problem was discussed with the respected supervisor. In consequence the topic was chosen.

COMPILATION

2D DRAWINGS

At the beginning of April, several locations were considered to be the thesis projection site. The location was considered thoroughly because a vast space is needed in order to contain the specific activity. When the site was chosen, the location was examined and original drawings were obtained. Number of researches were done on the chosen topic and materials on the specific topic was read in the mean time. After understanding the problem, questionnaires were made and distributed consecutively. This will then transit to the design d e v e l o p m e n t s t a g e w h e r e several brainstorming sessions were made where

solutions were analyzed and concepts were came up with. A continuous sketching session alongside with some bubble diagram were made, this helped in understanding the space more. Moreover this could be useful in gesturing the relationship between spaces in the building. After all the ideas and spaces were decided, the 2D drawings and 3D drawings were made and since that the location chosen was in a very stretched rectangular shape, several flow diagrams and axonometric views were drawn to represent the space better. Post-production of the drawings and several graphical images used were then design to compliment the layout of the thesis. Finally the thesis was compiled and submitted in November.

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CHAPTER 2 “Our words are the shapes and lines that form our design.” — Jacopo Giagnoni



/review of literature/

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Food Security According to the research project was carried out in the year 2009 October knowing that 75% of the world’s population will be then living in the cities by the year 2050 as predicted according to burnett& Sudjiceds 2007. As the project was conducted in London, the population of the city is approximately 10 million and they might be heading into a serious food crisis. The definition of food security also means that the accessibility, utilization, sufficiency and also stability.

image [ 2.2 ]

This section of the thesis will be broken down into several sub-sections to understand the aspects that how we could have more security in our food supply by using the vertical farming method. From that it will also explain in consequence it could turn the area into a more self sustaining city by educating and spreading the knowledge by having a domino effect. Turning the community into a more healthier and bringing more form of humanity into the city by introducing the concept of slow shopping experience. All these could be strengthen by recycling space. Sustainable City The term ‘eco-city’ was coined by Richard Register to describe a city where human beings can exist in harmony with nature therefore greatly reducing our ecological footprint. But the concept of eco-cities is not new. Urban Ecology, defines an ‘ecocity’ as “a human settlement that enables its residents to live a good quality of life while using minimal natural resources.” The term ‘sustainable development’ is defined as ‘development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’. The three pillars of sustainable development - economic, environmental and social – are integral to the development agenda worldwide. The idea of ‘sustainable cities’ is closely aligned with this understanding.

image [ 2.1 ]

Two definitions of ‘sustainable city’ are: ‘A sustainable city enables all its citizens to meet their own needs and to enhance their well-being, without degrading the natural world or the lives of other people, now or in the future’. Sustainable cities are environmentally safe, socially inclusive and economically productive. Other definitions include: An ecologically healthy city ‘The most durable kind of settlement that humans are capable of building and a city that provides an acceptable standard of living without depleting the ecosystems or biogeochemical cycles on which it depends.

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In 2014, Florence took it place on the podium going from 7th to 3rd in the country within a year. Photo by_Meghan Leader


/review of literature/

Vertical Farming Vertical farming, which proposes stacking acres of crops vertically in highrises instead of arraying them over the earth’s surface, has the potential to avoid & help reduce many of the aforementioned problems posed by the existing industrial food complex. Ultimately its aim is not only to produce food but to promote better health for both human beings and for the world’s flora & fauna.

Apart from that vertical farming will make growing crops organically more simple and inexpensive. Since plants will grow indoors, pesticides will not be needed to protect plants from insects. In addition, fertilizers won’t be needed because the indoor methods will provide enough nutrients for plants without having to resort to added chemicals.

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Last but not least, mass indoor farming will produce crops that are more productive since plants will not be affected by changes in climate or by rain, hurricanes, floods, monsoons, hail, ice or droughts. That being said the food grown will be used quickly and consumed locally, so spoilage will be at a minimum.

Of course the reduction on environmental impact can be reduce but in this sense, even the economical impact will be positively effected. Job opportunities may increase where help is needed to either educate or to cultivate the produce. A huge factor could also be the money saved through this process as less import goods are flew in from other places and this would save a great amount of money for the municipality.

In 2014, Florence took it place on the podium going from 7th to 3rd in the country within a year. Photo by_Meghan Leader

image [ 2.4 ]

The Impact Social impacts are bound to happen where the influences or affects in the communities and the locals. Education and youth development opportunities would be available as this holds as a platform to learn and experience in the urban agriculture. The learning outcomes include the awareness of our environmental issues and research shows that kids would eat their own grown vegetable.

image [ 2.3 ]

Vertical farming will save enormous amounts of money on gasoline because produce will not be trucked miles across the county. Without the need for farming equipment, there will be significant savings in oil and gas used by tractors, threshers, harvesters and other types of farm machines. Decreasing the use of gasoline also will help decrease the dependency on foreign oil and reduce air pollution.

In 2014, Florence took it place on the podium going from 7th to 3rd in the country within a year. Photo by_Meghan Leader


/review of literature/

Food Wastage More than 8 billion euro per year in food are thrown in the trash. This is what emerges from the Waste Watcher - Knowledge for Expo Report 2014 presented by Andrea Segré. The Report illustrated that the causes of waste and will indicate proposed actions to prevent and reduce it. With a broad array of statistics it analyzes the causes of waste in relation to income and the social status of Italian families, weaving into its findings the relationships between waste, lifestyles and eating habits. And it investigates the connections between food waste, values ​​and views of citizens. The 2014 report shown that every Italian family throws away 630 grams of food every week and that every year Italian domestic waste represents a costs of €8.1billion, about €6.5 per week per family. Change of Shopping Pattern

image [ 2.5 ] Wasted vegetables dumped from a truck Image Source [ x ]

The Slow movement emerged as a philosophy of opposition to society’s current situation, where every-thing is constantly accelerating, from work to family life. Carlo Petrini, one of the demonstrators, devoted himself to spreading the concept of Slow Food that, by countering imported and junk food, emphasizes the importance of a natural and conscious diet and the support to local food production. the movement developed demonstrating that the addressed need comprehended not only eating habits, but could be applied to life as a whole. The movement is the creation of Slow Cities (in the original, città slow), a process initiated in Italy, where entire towns are committed to live according to the movement

by encouraging activities that promote their dissemination. Shopping malls and supermarkets, in the recent decades have changed from a roadside local shop to the mega malls. This has been a drastic change as these facilities often tries to combine one stop entertainment and shopping experience. In some cases of development of supermarkets may completely replace the traditional farmer’s market they the neighbourhood would frequent. Recycling Space Recycling buildings into a new use or configuration can make them viable contributors to the local economy again. Sometimes a building that is a candidate for what is known as adaptive re-use is an older building that could add neighborhood character or quirkiness if refurbished and made functional for today’s society. Building re-use also prevents demolition, which is costly to the environment from the standpoint of the amount of debris that usually is buried in the landfill. There’s even an idea that buildings represent already embodied energy, whereas new construction certainly will require more energy than renovating a structure for a new occupant. Koolhaas is describing contemporary architecture as not technical, aesthetic, or ideological – the automonument is most closely indicative of an epistemological crisis, because it is not representative of current state of knowledge. In another stream-of-consciousness article, he describes the scenario more critically and more bluntly, saying, “the built product of modernization is not modern architecture but Junkspace.”

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/review of literature/

THE JELLYFISH BARGE /case study/

/location/ ITALY

A working prototype installed at the Navicelli canal in October 2014 All photos by_Matteo de Mayda

A multidisciplinary team of architects and botanists offers a revolutionary answer to these questions. Jellyfish Barge is a floating agricultural greenhouse producing food without consuming land, fresh water or energy. It has been conceived for communities vulnerable to water and food scarcity and it is built with simple technologies and with low cost and recycled materials. Jellyfish Barge is coordinated by professor Stefano Mancuso (University of Florence), director of the International Laboratory of Plant Neurobiology (LINV) and projected by the architects Antonio Girardi and Cristiana Favretto (Studiomobile). The working prototype has been installed in the Navicelli canal between Pisa and Livorno and will be inaugurated on Friday, October 31, 2014 at the headquarters of Navicelli Spa, via della Darsena 3, Pisa. The project Jellyfish Barge is a modular greenhouse mounted on a floating base, able to guarantee water and food security without impacting on existing resources. The structure, built with low-cost technologies and simple materials, consists of a wooden base of about 70 square meters, floating on 96 recycled plastic drums, and a glass greenhouse supported by a wooden structure.

The low energy required to power fans and pumps is provided by systems exploiting renewable energy integrated in the structure. The greenhouse incorporates an innovative hydroponic system. Hydroponics is a crop production technique using 70 % less water compared to traditional cultivation, thanks to the continuous re-use of water. In addition Jellyfish Barge uses about 15% of seawater, which is mixed with distilled water, ensuring even greater water efficiency. The system has an innovative automated system with remote monitoring and control. Jellyfish Barge is innovative in its ability to respond effectively with limited resources. For this reason it has been designed relatively small in size, capable of supporting two about families, thus easy to build even in conditions of economic constrains. However, it is modular, so a single element is completely autonomous, while various flanked barges can guarantee food security for the whole community. The octagonal shape of the platform allows combining different modules by connecting them with square floating bases, which may become markets and meeting places of a small water community.

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image [ 2.6.5 ]

Fresh water is provided by 7 solar stills arranged along the perimeter, designed by the environmental scientist Paolo Franceschetti. They can produce up to 150 liters/day of clean fresh water from salt, brackish or

polluted water. Solar distillation is a natural phenomenon: in the seas, the sun’s energy evaporates water, which then falls as rain water. In Jellyfish Barge the solar desalination system replicates this phenomenon in smallscale, sucking moist air and forcing it to condense into drums in contact with the cold surface of the sea.


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/review of literature/

THE HOMEFARM /case study/

/location/ SINGAPORE

A working prototype installed at the Navicelli canal in October 2014 All photos by_Matteo de Mayda

Case studies are an important and integral part of any design process. These delve into the depth of problem solving methodologies already adopted in past by designers. Case studies make it easier for students to take some decisions and refer to some precedent.

Method used in this project uses a mix of vertical aquaponic farming to a ground-level and rooftop soil planting of vegetables. As the geographical location of Singapore is on the tropical equator, as a result rainwater could be collected in order for the usage in the biomass energy generation.

image [ 2.7.4 ]

Future retirees in Singapore could have the chance to live in a new urban housing Although as above mentioned that the concept envisioned by architectural firm employment are majorize by the seniors, SPARK. this project would be lead and managed by a professional team with a instrumental The HomeFarm project is not only and orderly instruction in order to render the environmentally friendly but also promotes functionality of this development. self-sufficiency with the location of residential buildings that allow vertical The food produced are cultivated domestically farming and accessible gardening. The within Singapore. In consequences this international architectural firm does not would bring several benefits to Singapore's only hope to innovate with its avant-garde status which is providing employment for project, but is also confident to resolve two elderly seniors post retirement, provide an major issues that threaten the Lion City: improving lifestyle as well as developing reliance on food imports and the fast aging sense of community within the locals. These of the population. developments not only would move forward together with the technology but also it serves Spark introduces a new concept of vertical as a place for a community education. farming to the public with a proposal project that provides production sustainability as The model adapts a system call aquaponics well as mixes accommodation for seniors. which has been used for the building faรงade. With the retiree residents this projects Instead the soil based farming is used at the demonstrates a more realistic employment. linear planting beds at the highest levels. The seniors could pitch in planting, harvesting, The actual aim of this project has more sorting, packing, tours, sales on site, cleaning potential in emerging the two typical realms and so on. This project is viewed as a private of Singapore which are the combination of rather than a public entity.. The architecture accommodations for the seniors with an has been conceived for economic construction urban farm. As because that Singapore has using simple materials and modular parts. a significantly aging population like all Asian country, the city's growing population also imports 90% of its food.

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CHAPTER 3 “Idea, is not something that always hit you the moment you wake up. Sometimes you need to put yourself to work and it will come” — Ugo Dattilo


/methodology/

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH /methodology/

/introduction/

In this chapter, it has been divided into two parts which is the theoretical part and the quantitative part where it will identify the main variables that are relevant to the thesis topic [Sustainable Urban Farming in a Recycled Space] after the development of an academic literature review research and case studies under three paradigms accompanied with a survey;

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1) Urban market and vertical farming, 2) Science and technology 3) Related Architecture and Design Initially the survey was conducted as a part of the research, used for examining peoples attitudes towards urban agriculture, the interest of visiting a space where one could shop for groceries and learn more about the food on their plate, as well as creating an inventory of how much people waste food in their homes. Furthermore the survey would also have a perspective on how often does one goes to the supermarket. The questionnaire was created, and distributed among family, friends and locals several times. [This is attached as appendix 1.] Participants are among the site project range which is the center of Florence. Age group range from 20 to 80 from diverse nationality but whom are living in Italy. Study group ranges from different age group and different sexes as well as different profession.


/methodology/

URBAN MARKET /qualilative research/

/urban market/

image [ 3.1 ]

A small introduction of what is an urban market. Basically it means that a space where farmers and vendors are brought together to sell their produce in the city. Could either be in an open/closed space. How does urban market helps? There are several factors that can contribute to the food supply and distribution which would influence the market planning and infrastructure. The following are the factors such as increased in food crop production. This would lead to a greater demand for the facilities in the rural areas not for the productions but for several other things. Such as the loss of agricultural land through urbanization. These are the necessity supplies from a more distant sources. The pressure caused by the traffic growth over the years would require a suitable sites for new wholesale and retail markets. The changes in consumption habits creating the new food processing industries as well. These economics and social pressures the local authorities and other responsible bodies to question their approach to controlling the distribution in the city. Hopefully with this small act in every city it would start making an impact in the world by having it more self sustaining. It could also hold as a platform for farmers; Studies have shown that markets are a powerful catalyst for: 1) local employment and wealth creation, 2) entrepreneurship development, 3) town center regeneration 4) the sustainability of urban areas (through an emphasis on locally sourced products and low carbon economies).

Rotterdam’s Markthall comes complete with apartments looped over it Photos by_Michel Porro

Markets not only make a significant contribution to the local economy but they also have tremendous cultural and social importance in enhancing community cohesion.

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/methodology/

VERTICAL FARMING /quantitative research/

O

ne of the major benefits of vertical farming in urban centers is the gradual repair of these ecosystems. Trans-location of food production to vertical farms would relieve the land currently used for agricultural purposes allowing for large scale ecosystem restoration. In many cases all it would take is simply abandoning the land and given time, nature will repair itself.

Providing enough energy to operate a vertical farm in a sustainable way. Many have raised the point of providing enough energy to operate a vertical farm without breaking budget, while still keeping sustainability in mind, avoiding fossil fuel use. In the authors opinion this is where Despommiers concept provides “the most bang for the buck”. Despommiers solution is as much a holistic solution as he points out. Municipal wastewater recycling can potentially make the farm self-sustainable in terms of water use (Despommier, 2010a). If that should be insufficient, rain water can be collected from rooftops and reused (Sharanbir et al, 2011). Further, biomass from vertical farms used in water purification as well as plant waste left over from food crops can be incinerated and converted to biofuel that in turn can be used to fuel additional farms (Despommier, 2009). And finally, Despommier points to the obvious, that “location is everything” (Despommier, 2012). Wind and wave energy can be harnessed in regions that provide strong winds and water motion. Sun energy can be captured in other locations and geothermal energy in locations where that is a viable option (Despommier, 2009).

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A controlled environment is unaffected by seasonal variation, opening up the possibility of multiple harvests a year, compared to outdoor farming that´s typically restricted to a single harvest a year this is a dramatic increase of production output potential (Germer et al, 2011). In a

controlled environment the grower will be unaffected by weather fluctuations, drought and floods, avoiding the frequent loss of crops due to these factors commonly seen in outdoor agriculture.

image [ 3.2 ]

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Ecosystem regrowth will increase nature´s own buffering capacity, resilience and resistance to disturbance and pollution, increase biodiversity and carbon sequestration to name a few. Restoring ecosystem functions and services might very well be one of the most potent means we have to turn the negative spiral of climate change around, opening up the possibility of a brighter, cleaner and less polluted future. Controlled environment and number of harvests. The controlled environment of Vertical Farming provides many advantages compared to outdoor agriculture. In a closed environment a greater amount of control is possible making infestations and infections from pests, bacteria or other infectious agents easier to prevent, treat or control (Despommier, 2010a).

/vertical farming/


/methodology/

INTRODUCTION TO PONICS /methodology/

/ponics system/

Today’s Technique

Hydroponics

Aeroponics

Hydroponics is a soil-less culture where plants are grown using a mineral nutrient solution instead of soil. Soil in itself is not essential for plant growth but has two main functions. First, it supplies physical support and second, soil acts as a mineral nutrient reservoir. When the nutrients found in the soil dissolves in water they become available for absorption by the plants rooting system.

Aeroponics, takes water conservation even further than hydroponics. The name is derived from the Latin meaning of air and essentially refers to plants grown in an air culture, compared to hydroponics which uses water as a growing medium.

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Aeroponics requires no substrate to operate. With this technology, plants are grown with their roots suspended in a deep air or growth chamber while periodically sprayed with a fine mist of nutrient solution. Aeroponics provides excellent aeration to the roots and takes water conservation even further than hydroponics as it can operate with up to 70% less water than hydroponic technologies. image [ 3.6 ]

Top image Spiral Garden System idea & Below are the examples of Hydroponic and Aeroponics system

image [ 3.5 ]

In hydroponics instead, plants are grown with their roots either directly in the nutrient solution or in a supporting medium such as sand, gravel, perlite or other. Soil is now no longer required for plants to grow and thrive (Statemaster. com). In fact, experience has proven that plants grown using hydroponics have shown to grow at a faster rate, ripen earlier and produce up to ten times the yield than that of soil-grown plants as well as providing a greater nutritional value.

image [ 3.4 ]

Hydroponics and Aeroponics, benefits of a soil-less culture. These are the two technologies that revolutionized water use in agriculture. Combined in a “closed loop� system these two methods have the potential of conserving up to 95% of the water used as well as eliminating agricultural run-off and the negative repercussions it has on the environment and human health in general.


/methodology/

QUANTATIVE RESEARCH /methodology/

/survey/

YES NO NOT ANSWERED VERY HIGH HIGH AVERAGE LOW VERY LOW

2% 70% 4%

12%

2%

98%

48%

48%

16%

Survey questions are distributed around Florence and the questionnaires are distributed among the subjects, 21 and above. Without a maximum age limit, the questionnaires are targetted to individuals whom are capable of deciding their own lifestyle regardless of race, sex, or nationality. In this chapter, the questions and the result of the survey will be discussed.

22

14% 32%

4%

Latter in the chapter will show a chart of the retrieved result and the questionnaires are attached in the appendix as Survey_1. The audience are presented with a survey base on the unrefined thesis title: sustainable agriculture with urban vertical farming in Florence. The questions would part off with the basic information on the subject as well as where do they stay. The questions does not interfere with one’s private life instead the survey would only show one’s basic knowledge on the related topic.

34%

Before the survey was distributed, a prediction was made where the public would be negative upon the idea of consuming fresh produce grown by artificial light. Besides that, in every respected household, the food wasted would be relatively above average. Though the positive aspect that was anticipated was that the general would like the idea of eating in a restaurant with their own fresh vegetable garden.

100%

62% 58% 88% 100%

As the result came back, it would be safe to say that the public in general are interested in who is handling their food and they like the idea of having freshly grown vegetable near the city. According to the analysis, the fact that the frequencies to the market at least once a week is 38% and the amount of fresh produce bought is also fairly high. As many as 70% of the people answered that they consume an amount which is above average in their daily food intake. An undeniable fact from this survey was the people living in Florence do not waste a lot of food than predicted, furthermore as many as 63% of people are aware of what is the zero-carbon footprint production and would be willing to support it. Ultimately, the suprising result from this survey which was not forseen was that the equal amount of people would consume fresh produce that were grown with artificial light to the people who will not.

24% 20% 32% 36% 48%

34% 36% 38% 70% 36%


/methodology/ Q1

Q6

yes

50

More than once

no

17

0

Once a week

n.a.

18

0

Once a month

7

Never

8

n.a.

0

Survey on Sustainable Agriculture with Urban Vertical Farming in Florence Q2

ARE YOU MALE

FEMALE

PLEASE STATE YOUR AGE :

yes

50

no

0

n.a.

0

Q7

NATIONALITY : DO YOU STAY IN THE CITY

Very Low Low

SUBURBS

Q3

1 2

Average

12

yes

44

High

19

no

6

Very High

16

n.a.

0

n.a.

0

1. Do you like the idea of buying freshly grown vegetable near the city without traveling to the countryside? YES NO

Q4

2. Would you like to know who is handling the food on your plate?

Q8

yes

29

Very Low

35

no

21

Low

10

0

YES NO

Average

3

High

0

Very High

2

n.a.

0

3. Do you know what is sustainable agriculture? Q5

YES NO

yes

31

no

17

n.a.

2

(sustainable agriculture is the production using farming techniques that protect the environment, public health, human communities, and animal welfare.)

4. Do you know what is urban farming ? YES

Q9 More than once

6

Once a week

18

Once a month

17

Never

5

n.a.

4

NO

23

(urban farming is growing fruits, vegetables, herbs or raising animals in the cities. Usually linked with a very environmental friendly process)

5. Do you support zero-carbon footprint production? (Your carbon footprint is the sum of all emissions of CO2 (carbon dioxide), which were induced by your activities in a given time frame)

YES NO

Q10

Why? :

6. How often do you go to the market? MORE THAN ONCE A WEEK

ONCE A WEEK

ONCE A MONTH

(5 being very high)

1 2 3 4 5

8. Rank from 1-5 the amount of food wasted by end of every week (vege/fruit rotted, expired, etc..) (5 being a lot)

RANK :

1 2 3 4 5

9. If you could visit an urban farm for free with doing your grocery shopping and also enjoying food prepared by the farm, how often would you visit it? MORE THAN ONCE A WEEK

ONCE A WEEK

ONCE A MONTH

NEVER

10. Do you like the idea of a restaurant having their own fresh garden instead of using frozen products? YES NO 11. Would you consume fresh produce (veggies, fruits, etc) grown by artificial light? YES NO

49

no

1

n.a.

0

NEVER

7. Rank from 1-5 your average consumption of fresh produce (veggies, fruits, herbs, meat, etc..) on a daily basis RANK :

yes

36

Q11 yes

24

no

24

n.a.

2

Histogram Result base on the questionnaires that has been distributed. The questions are divided in columns and the colours are represented in the page on the left.



CHAPTER 4 “I chose to work at a place where people would go for vacation, Florence.” — Catherine Hamon


/location/

LOCATION DESCRIPTION Stazione Leopolda, Firenze, ITALIA The building offers a gross covered area of 6,000 square meters in two main sections, the proper station and the new Alcatraz section. The Stazione Leopolda is practically a single “room� beneath a metal roof divided into two 15 meter wide sections that are 140 and 100 meters long, respectively; ceiling height averages 7.5 meters and at the end point it exceeds 12 meters.

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This section would start off with a reason of why was this building chosen to be the space for the thesis. After several choices in filtered out throughout Italy, A familiar choice and somewhere near the province was decided that it could be ideal for proposed idea mentioned earlier. Stazione Leopolda has always been a big spacious space familiar to a lot of events held in Florence today. Apart from its spacious area, it is geographically positioned near the Cascine park. Since that the proposed idea of a sustainable urban farming, numbers of research are still new to the public where it would be an exemplary idea to branch out to the agricultural institute of Florence in the Cascine Park. Apart from that, this is a very strategic location where it is located at the very entrance of the historical center. The amount of cars and trams made the station visible to the public. Not to

mention the railway from the station still functions up till today. This could attract a stop-over from the people from other cities. Furthermore, a great number of families would bring their children to this area for outdoor activities. Stazione Leopolda is also located near the river, the Arno river. One of the most important river in Italy could be a water source for the activity recommended for the station. Seeing that the station has no constant activity going on, other than the event period the station is often left empty and function as a wasted space. This could be a good opportunity to use the space for a more profitable objective that can serve the public well. In the following section would consist of a deeper information on the building itself alongside with its important history and the information of the buildings around it.


FIRENZE, ITALIA

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Viale Fratelli Rosselli, 5, 50144 Firenze, (FI), Italia 43.777639, 11.238500

28


29


/location/

LOCATION HISTORY /address/

/viale fratelli rosselli, 5/

image [ 4.1 ]

30

The main railway that first linked the cities of Florence with the maritime port of Livorno was first established in the year 1837. The governmental concession was granted to the Grand Duchy Leopoldo II of Tuscany as he understood that there was this need to strengthen the economical status of Florence. It was foreseen as the most sovereign and modern of that time and that was how the railway station acquired its name. After that the location was chosen which was immediately right outside the walls of Florence city, Enrico Presenti was the appointed architect of the project whom has designed it in the style of the neoclassicism. His did it in a way where the main building was composed by three 3 segments, the main segment was for the binaries (the arrivals and the departures) and the two lateral building was served as the service centres for the trains.

Although Stazione Leopolda was suppose to be the first railway station in Florence, due to the lethargic progress of the construction the Stazione Maria Antonia (in which today is known as the Stazione Santa Maria Novella) was being contrive as well. The geographical location had a better representation of a main station of Florence hence on the 3rd of February of 1848 launched and instead Stazione Leopolda which was finished later hate to wait until the 12th of June 1848 in order to have their inauguration. As the Stazione Santa Maria Novella was more favored by the public at that time, by the year of 1860 the Stazione Leopolda had to close down due to the increasing number of passengers whom preferred the more centralized hub in that period. In the following year, many questions were rose on how to reuse the space bearing in

mind that in 1861 was the unification of the Kingdom of Italy, hence Giuseppe Martelli occupied the space to hold the first Italian National Exposition to usher and welcome the King Vittorio Emmanuele II. The event was a great success as the response from the public was exhilarating. That aside the event was a loss in the financial aspect as it only earned 10% of the ticket in respect to the attendance. When the exposition ended the former station was occupied by an artillery arsenal. When Florence became capital of Italy in the period 1865 - 1871, the station was remodeled by the architect Marco Treves to house the General Directorate of Taxes and Customs. Some other area of the station was used to repair trains instead. What Marco Treves did was he reconstructed which include the three stone staircases, a masonry portico and a wooden passageway

Entrance of the station from Via Fratelli Rosselli Photos by_Sailko


/location/

/address/

/viale fratelli rosselli, 5/

that connect the buildings. He also increased the height of one of the two lateral buildings. The offices moved in on 15 November 1867. Latter in the years the capital of Italy was shifted from Florence to Rome and as a consequence the headquarters was eventually trans-located there hence leaving the where the offices were emptied and other areas were used as a warehouse to store old spare parts of the railway.

In the following 10 years, the space was occupied by the governance administration headquarters for the capital of Florence. Only in 1993 as a cause of the trend of the creative uprise that happened in Florence in the 80’s, they start to think of the potentiality of Stazione Leopolda since that is has always remained as a important building. Hence, the great artist Mario Mariotti gracefully gave life to the space in the year 1995. It all started with “Al Muro!” with more than 300 operas hanging on the walls of the station.

image [ 4.3 ]

During the first world war, an industrial laboratory was created for the production of the projectile as well as the repairing station for train parts. Though during the Nazism period the productive sector was disturbed and sabotaged numerous of times by the Resistance party until the final bombardment of May 2nd 1944.

In 1996 not long after the exhibition by Mario Mariotti, one of the most famous female architect, Gae Aulenti, has restorized the space into a more industrialized style by elongating the entrance and adding steel beams. It is said that in this way the building could breathe more and you will be having an insight of what you would expect in the interior of the building.

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From then on the space was transformed into a versatile venue for exhibitions, Florence’s fashion scene grew where promotional events and pop up stores are held there as well as the cultural events. Though in general it is difficult to identify Stazione Leopolda as a define space due to its versatility but it has definitely became a platform to promote the diversity of artistic culture, social or technology. image [ 4.4 ]

image [ 4.2 ]

Still and all in Stazione Leopolda the name was not misused as the location was still understood as a station because in 2008, new trains can arrive at this very station. However they did not use the same name instead it is now call Firenze Porta al Prato where only two platforms are used in order to connect the metro-line Firenze-Empoli (Pisa-Livorno). Hence conclude the motive of the Grand Duchy Leopoldo ll of Tuscany.

There are 2 skylights on the roof. Separated from area 1 by scaffolding consisting of pipes and wire mesh, the average height is 7.5 m.


/location/

LOCATION INFORMATION /address/

32

/viale fratelli rosselli, 5/

CASCINE

PORTA AL PRATO

OPERA DI MAGGIO

The Cascine park is one of the largest and spacious park in Florence. With 130 hectares and a distance of 3km, the park is planted with 19,000 trees. The park runs along the Arno river with only few steps from the city, it is characterized as a park rich with vegetation and also it is vast of lawns as well as walkways that is ideal for sports or just to pass some time in the quiet nature of that area. In additional to that, the Cascine there will be certain events held from time to time not to mention on every Tuesday there will be a morning market too.

The walls of Florence was the antique defensive circle of the city. When Florence was chosen to be the capital of Italy in the 18th century, the walls were then decided to be demolished though parts of the walls and the gates were remained. One of them in which was not destroyed was the Portal al Prato which is near the project location.

On a local context scale, the new project is designed to realise a large European class cultural complex, the Park of Music and Culture, containing the auditorium’s awe inspiring spaces and services connected with the important pre-existing Leopolda, even to establish a new urban centrality dedicated to cultural and musical activities, giving at the same time response to a functional set up and a symbolic complex.

The park was constructed by the Medici Family that serves to breed animals and also for hunting purposes. As a matter of fact, the name ‘Cascine’ derives from the name ‘cacio’ where in Italian it means a place where animals are kept to produce cheese. The park is composed of the Palazzina Reale which is today’s headquarters for the faculty of agriculture. This information would be useful as the park could contribute to the proposed concept for Stazione Leopolda. An open-source research nowadays are very helpful in developing and advancing the knowledge in that particular field. Projects could be also carried out in the space or excursions for schools would be a perfect location. Not to mention the park is very popular among all age groups, where parents will bring their children to the park or the seniors would be taking a walk, moreover teenagers would be doing sports in the park as well.

Porta al Prato is one of the most ancient gates of the city and its construction dates back to 1284. It contains a fresco depicting the “Virgin Mary with the Holy Child and the Saints” attributed to Michele di Ridolfo and it is set on the Fratelli Rossetti Street and the Belfiore Street. Porta al Prato was beautifully decorated for the wife of Francesco dei Medici, Joanna of Austria in the 1565 as a welcoming gift to the city. Today, bustling traffic passes by this very gate and many tourists as well. Many of them would walk pass the gate as the gate marks the entrance to the historic center, there are ample parking space located just next to the gate. Apart from that, there is a tram that connects the line from Florence to Scandicci since 2010. This was to decrease the amount of traffic in the city hence the line was created to adjoin the neighboring cities. The tram is located right in across Stazione Leopolda.

The principal design is inspired by an architectural clarity: a sort of large platform, an inclined plinth where the two large halls music are inserted and the enigmatic volume of the tower. A project that presents a majestic massività, moderated by the existence of a dense network of internal and external paths consisting of ramps, terraces and enclosed spaces, that, dimensioned on a human scale, returns the project to the architectural scale conformity. All the internal public spaces are serviced from the sweeping foyer, which is accessible through the area below the large urban projecting roof or, coming from Parco delle Cascine, through the glass wall underneath the inclined space of the large hall. The realization of the new Opera House fitted out with the most innovative and technical scenery equipment and the endowment of a modern and efficient auditorium established for the city of Florence, the indispensable premise of belonging to the international circuit of cultured music, be it for the performance of classical and contemporary music, where Italy has historically held undisputed supremacy. The shape of the hall is conceived, as for a musical instrument, with the objective to ensure the best acoustic result..


Picture of Porta al Prato with constructions going on in front. Photos by_Sailko

A man pushing his baby in a stroller on a hot August afternoon in the Cascine park. Photos by_Michele de Simone

image [ 4.5 ] image [ 4.7 ]

image [ 4.6 ]

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image [ 4.8 ]

The new park of music in Florence by Studio ABDR Photos by_Moreno Maggi



/location/

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

ACTUAL STATE OF LAYOUT /address/

/viale fratelli rosselli, 5/

Viale Fratelli Rosselli Piazzale Vittorio Gui

0

ACTUAL STATE NTS

5

10

15

20

25

50 m

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Stazione Firenze P.Prato

35



/location/

ACTUAL SECTION A PRODUCED BY AN STATE AUTODESKOF EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT /viale fratelli rosselli, 5/

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

/address/

37

0

ACTUAL STATE NTS

5

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15

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25

50 m



/location/ PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

ACTUAL STATE OF SECTION B /address/

/viale fratelli rosselli, 5/

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

39

0

STAZIONE LEOPOLDA NTS

5

10

15

20

25

50 m

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT


/location/

image [ 4.9 ]

40

Alcatraz is the name of a former three-story warehouse adjacent to the stazione leopolda Photos by_YiRu


/location/

SITE IMAGES

/viale fratelli rosselli, 5/ /address/

image [ 4.13 ]

image [ 4.12 ]

image [ 4.11 ]

image [ 4.10 ]

41

image [ 4.15 ]

image [ 4.14 ]



CHAPTER 5 “Your imagination has to fly high and you, you have to fly high with your imagination” — Gaetano Martella


image [ 5.1 ]


/concept/

CONCEPTUAL IDEA /hanging gardens of babylon/

The alternative being that they were some sort of hypothetical flight of fancy from the minds of some poetic historians of ancient times so much information though it is still a failure to find the Hanging Garden of Babylon has been extremely frustrating. Babylon is a city that can be identified by its traditional style of integrating architecture and plant life. It is a bustling city of contrasts: architecture and nature, old and new, rich and poor, high and low, all constantly changing. Like the fragile rope bridge over the waterfall, life exists in a tenuous balance. Base on what has been reviewed in the previous chapter, the understanding of the current problem has led this thesis to choose a design intention for this project. This concept could be tied by bringing the nature into a man-made structure yet providing hope and anticipation in our future.

45

image [ 5.3 ]

The hanging gardens of Babylon are perhaps the most mysterious of the seven wonder of the world. They are remarkable in that they compose the one and only wonder whose very existence has been unknown to.

image [ 5.2 ]

/concept/


/concept/

REFERENCES & INSPIRATION /viale fratelli rosselli, 5/ /address/

image [ 5.8 ]

image [ 5.5 ]

image [ 5.4 ]

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image [ 5.10 ]

image [ 5.9 ]

image [ 5.7 ]

image [ 5.6 ]


/location/

REFERENCES & INSPIRATION /viale fratelli rosselli, 5/ /address/

image [ 5.14 ]

image [ 5.13 ]

image [ 5.12 ]

image [ 5.11 ]

47

image [ 5.16 ]

image [ 5.15 ]


/concept/

SKETCHES `

Sketches started off with the idea of someone moving along a tunnel of greenery. Where one could have a close encounter with the plants, hence explains the ramp bringing them across this long area, deep into the building design.

48

In the initial part of the process, the skin of the building were given some thoughts over as well. With respect to the building, a skin was proposed to instead of changing the whole structure. The vegetation from the interior would appear as though it is growing outwards. Representing the idea of growing out towards the city, or in other words: Devouring the city The nature trying to fight back to all these infrastructures that has been destroying their habitats, little by little trying to get more green into the city. Bottom right sketch shows the idea of the food court draped over with hanging hydroponics system in the alcatraz section of the building.


49

Stazione Leopolda has existing skylights on the roofs to bring in lights due to the reason that it does not have windows through the thick walls. Hence the roof is proposed to render more light into the area, in addition to that it functions equivalent to a greenhouse.


/concept/

/concept/

/pencils, artline pen, color pencils and copic marker/

After the bubble diagram process was achieved, the areas are divided according to the boundary of the building in order to have a clearer idea of the movement or flow. The space division on top shows two entrance where one could be access to the parking area. This is to allow workers or buyers to load and unload easier.

50

The market is still segmented in a way where you have to move thought the exposition in order to get to the market, then the people would have to make their purchase in order to lead them out to the exposition area again. From that point on, they could have an option to visit the food court or to support other farmers who can have temporary market in certain period of time in the month. From these space division, the project is getting a clearer sense where the exposition is divided into one area where cultivation as well as a platform for knowledge. Instead on the other side of the building is where the commercial activity would be held. For instance, the food court and the market.


/concept/

/concept/

/pencils, artline pen, color pencils and copic marker/

TOP LEFT- Shows a section sketch of human on different levels in the building. This is to indicate that there will be only one level in the design. In the following sketch shows the connection between the spaces with a ramp moving across the middle structure of the station. The concept of having people moving up and down in

order to get close to the production. RIGHT- Shows section in both area, as soon as the public enters the building, they can move along the ramp and achieve great height in order to have an overview of the whole exposition area. They can then have an option to move to the next section of the building. Where they can then have access of the general activity that can be done in this area.

51


/concept/

/concept/

/pencils, artline pen, color pencils and copic marker/

Movement and flow of the public are planned in this sketch in order for everyone to experience the whole building instead of just visiting one particular area. This is to embrace the slow shopping movement and the tall walls that covered the entrance is to give an excitement as soon as one enters the space. They could then slowly move though the space and when they take a look back, they could dawn upon the enormous beauty of the station with greenery inside. Reminiscing the levels that are inside the building that correspond to the tiers in the Babylon.

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/concept/

/concept/

/pencils, artline pen, color pencils and copic marker/

All the areas are segregated better as the sketches grow where the area for other farmers are taken off when the project is shaping up. The ramps are designed in a way and everything else is refined better. Previous sketches showed too many ideas in one space, this might not give focus to the cultivation area. Hence in these sketches the market and food court are place side by side also to ensure that the movement of employees are easier. The market area is tucked behind for the moment due to the reason that the food court could be in front where it is a free access area to the public directly if they consider to only eat and not grocery shop.

53

The ramp is planned to have people gradually make their way up and then down again to the ground level. The handicap people are also put into consideration where the ramps are no steeper than 8%. Another tunnel is created for the people to pass through instead of going onto the ramps. The paddy-field structure are areas where people can sit and enjoy the view of the space and also where people can learn to grow vegetables with good soil and not the commercial way.


/concept/

/concept/

54

/pencils, artline pen, color pencils and copic marker/


/concept/

/concept/

/pencils, artline pen, color pencils and copic marker/

55 The roof structure was changed in order to render more light into the space and also to help the growth of the vegetables. It acts as a greenhouse-like functionality by enhancing a brighter and luminous sight for everyone. As the spaces and ramp are carefully thought over and calculated, the details of the zones are sketched out in this page. TOP LEFT- shows a planter box on the paddy-field structure where people can sit. It also shows the dimension of the seat in order to have a well proportion seat to the system. To the right shows another sketch of the tunnel mentioned earlier that acts as another option for others who does not want to use the ramp. Everything else on the far right shows the market and foodcourt that has yet to be projected in this thesis. As this thesis focuses only on the exposition area, the market and food court was a concept for the future proposal. The market will be using sustainable materials

and reclaimed wood material as the carts. Instead the walls of the food court would also be covered with the fresh produce in order to ensure sufficient produce in the area.



CHAPTER 6 “Playing with people’s emotion is part of our job” — Vincenzo Rocco Margin



/project presentation/ PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

LAYOUT PLAN /stazione leopolda/

/viale fratelli rosselli, 5/

3

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Viale Fratelli Rosselli

2 1

6

5

7

10

8

9

Piazzale Vittorio Gui

1. Entrance 2. Exposition area 3. Packaging area 4. Headquarters 5. Kitchen 6. Food court 7. Information point ACTUAL STATE market 8. Produce 9. Storage area NTS 10. Toilets

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Stazione Firenze P.Prato

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT /project presentation/

PROJECT LAYOUT PLAN

B 35/1000

35/1000

8/100 2/100

A

A 8/100

60

8/100

8/100

8/100

UP 8/100

B' GROUND FLOOR SCALE 1:300 B

A

A

B'

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

/ground floor/ /black&white/

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT


/project presentation/

PROJECT LAYOUT PLAN /ground floor/ /coloured/

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT /project presentation/

PROJECT LAYOUT PLAN

B 3.5% 3.5%

8%

2%

A

A 8%

62 8%

8%

8%

8%

B' TOP FLOOR SCALE 1:300 B

A

A

B'

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

/top view/ /black&white/

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT


/project presentation/

PROJECT LAYOUT PLAN /top view/ /coloured/

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UTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTOD

SCALE 1:150


DESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT /project presentation/

SECTION A-A’ /section/ /black & white/

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A

A

B'

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B



/project presentation/

SECTION A-A’ /section/ /colored/

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/project presentation/

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

SECTION B-B’

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/section/ /black & white/

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+ 0.00

PACKAGING AREA

CULTIVATION AREA

PRODUCTION MARKET

STORAGE & WAREHOUSE

SCALE 1:150

B

A

A

B'



/project presentation/

SECTION B-B’ /section/ /coloured/

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/project presentation/

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

DETAILS OF PONIC SYSTEM

360 60

240

360 30

60

300

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18 12

30

38 8

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PLANTER BOX

AQUAPONIC SYSTEM

SCALE 1:25

SCALE 1:25

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

/hydroponics & aquaponics system/


/project presentation/

ZONING & FLOW DIAGRAM /tilted view of the whole building/

74

On the left diagram shows a tilted view of the station where the zones are divided into colours of their own. In general, the green colour represents where only authorized members are allowed. For example, the workers

from the management team or the employees from the market, and etc. The blue colour instead indicates the commercial area. Instead, the yellow area represents a neutral area which is for the information counter. Last but not least, the red area which is the exposition area.

This diagram below instead, shows the flow and movement of the public in the interior space. Again, green represents the movement of

authorized staff of the building whom are the employees and the blue represents the public.


/project presentation/

EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC VIEW /3d diagram of exposition space/

aquaponic system dark resin flooring for ramp

hydroponic wall system

clear glass railing

75

concrete resin material door to packaging area accessed by the employees existing arches of the train station

lighter concrete resin material

oak wood material



/project presentation/

AXONOMETRIC VIEW /3d diagram of exposition space/

77



/project presentation/

AERIAL VIEW OF STAZIONE LEOPOLDA /view from top of the station/

79



/project presentation/

ENTERING THE SPACE /view from the entrance/

81

B 35/1000

35/1000

8/100 2/100

A

A 8/100

8/100

8/100

8/100

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B' GROUND FLOOR SCALE 1:300 B

A

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B'

The moment people enter into the space, they are being greeted by the vegetation on the wall. From here they could then either choose to go up the ramp and take a tour across the building or follow the wood paved flooring that will lead them to the internal space.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT



/project presentation/

LOOK-OUT POINT /view from the highest point of the ramp/

83

B 35/1000

35/1000

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A

A 8/100

8/100

8/100

8/100

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B' GROUND FLOOR SCALE 1:300 B

A

A

This view is taken from the maximum point the public could reach on the ramp to have a great overview of the space. From here, the aquaponic system could located from down below. With the water element and shows a fresher environment in the internal space. The planter boxes that are located on the right could be sat on or entered if one would like to “get their hands dirty”. B'

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT



/project presentation/

ON THE PADDY FIELD /view from the paddy field structure/

85

B 35/1000

35/1000

8/100 2/100

A

A 8/100

8/100

8/100

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UP 8/100

B' GROUND FLOOR SCALE 1:300 B

A

A

B'

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Moving from the highest point from the ramp to the steps on the paddy-field like structure on the other end of the entrance. From this point, the whole cultivation area can be looked back at in a greater perspective. The movement of public does not end here as they could now shift to the other section of the building where there will be the commercial spaces (food court, market, info point and etc.)



CHAPTER 7 “It is always beautiful when you find someone that has the same mindset as you do..” — Antonella Tundo



/conclusion/

SUMMING UP /the end/

Integrating the beauty of man-made structure with nature is something beautiful when the harmony and equilibrium is found between both creation. In most part of the world are trying to maintain the idea of having vegetation in their city and to not pollute the world further than it already is. Undoubtedly this thesis has demonstrate not the only way, but another way of lifestyle that the Italians are familiar with, yet another step further from what they are already aware of. The purpose of having a building that serves as a learning platform as well as a commercial space will help it to regulate a more potential future. This could be an opportunity for everyone to benefit from the activities that the project was proposed where lessen the food wastage, providing a more sustainable cycle to the agriculture, enhancing the food security in the located area as well as not letting another space go to waste. Vision of this project was targeted well and it has been executed in this manner to be the stepping stone to the future in order to achieve a greater self-sufficiency in their nutritional demands. A transition from the rural agriculture to vertical farming is not a replacement for the future but an alternative method to tackle the eventuality. Further improvements that could be implemented in this design would be the development of the other areas mentioned in the planning zones along with the proposed sketches of the food court and the market area. In addition to that, the headquarters for the management team of this project would be situated in the respected building itself, hence the opportunity to further this object would be a more engaging to fulfill the whole project entirely. Perhaps one day we will be more responsible with the resources allocated to us. We will be able to accurately assess the planet’s carrying capacity and health and live within those biological limits, but recycling more spaces or buildings and having a more sustainable urban agriculture is to be seen as a more convincing way to the future.

89


/bibliography/

BIBLIOGRAPHY /references/

Abstract KOBA, M. Wednesday, (15 Oct 2014), World May Not Have Enough Food To Eat by 2050, http://www.cnbc.com/ id/102086930 LUNDIUS, R.V. (2011) - Feeding future generations: Young rural people today – prosperous, productive farmers tomorrow. http://www.ifad.org/events/gc/34/panels/proceedings.pdf Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life, (2015), http://www. expo2015.org/en/learn-more/the-theme

Chapter 1 iii

HACKETT, P. , (8 Dec, 2014), 4.3mn tons of food thrown away by firms annually – amid rife hunger & poverty, http://rt.com/ uk/212431-morrisons-waste-food-bins/

Chapter 2 RILEY, B. ,A Garden in My Apartment, Video, (MAY 2011), TED, http://www.ted.com/talks/britta_riley_a_garden_in_my_ apartment Jones, Hannah and Wingfield, Rachel. 2010. ‘MetaboliCity: How can metadesign support the cultivation of place in the city?’. In: Young Creators for Better City & Better Life. Cumulus Conference Shanghai. SODI, CAUP Tongji University, Shanghai, China 7-10 Sept 2010. [Conference or Workshop Item] : Goldsmiths Research Online. http://research.gold.ac.uk/4512/ Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), (2014), Food security in focus: Europe 2014, Dupont. Koh K. Lian, Asanga G., & Lovleen B., (2013),“Eco-cities”and “Sustainable Cities”–Whither?, http://goo.gl/LwAVsO http://www.academia.edu/859881/Slow_shopping_-_ Creating_meaningful_experiences_and_ Heron, K. (July 1996), “From Bauhaus to Koolhaas.” Wired Magazine. Issue 4.07,

Koolhaas R., Junkspace, (2002) Koolhaas R. & Mau B., (October 31, 1995) S,M,L,XL, United States, Monacelli Press. Rebecca L. Moyer, A Diamond in the Rough or Merely Junkspace? https://www.nyu.edu/pubs/counterblast/louvre. pdf

Chapter 4 Ebnoether J., Storia della Stazione Leopolda, http://goo.gl/ BIvREq ROSSETI F., (20 Feb 2013), Stazione Leopolda: tutti in carrozza. Fra storia e nightlife, http://goo.gl/BTniz4 Stazione Leopolda, SPACE DESCRIPTION, http://www.stazioneleopolda.com/ENG/spazio_descrizione.php

Lange, P., (21 AUG,2011), Understanding the recent trend in food production activities within the limits of a developed nation’s capital.

Parco delle Cascine Information, http://parcodellecascine. comune.fi.it/informazioni/il_parco.html

The Jellyfish Barge (20, Nov, 2014) http://us.archello.com/en/ project/jellyfish-barge#

MHC_Progetto Territorio, open geo-data, Una vision per il Master Plan del Parco delle Cascine, http://goo.gl/E76FxL

GLOBEPRIME, (December 04, 2014), Singapore Housing Project To Incorporate Vertical Farming http://goo.gl/Bnsugz

Quotidiano Il Firenze, (27 Feb 2010), http://goo.gl/4lsJea

Chapter 3 Voss P.M. (14 JUNE 2013), Vertical Farming: An agricultural revolution on the rise, Institute for Environmental Studies. Islam, S. (03 OCT 2014), Great Urban Markets, https:// thebluereview.org/great-urban-markets/ Despommier, D. (2009). The Rise of Vertical Farms, Scientific American; Nov2009, Vol. 301 Issue 5. Despommier, D. (2010a). The Vertical Farm: Feeding the world in the 21st century. 2nd ed. New York: Thomas Dunne Books/ St. Martin’s Press. Germer, J. Sauerborn, J. Asch, F. de Boer, J. Schreiber, J. Weber, G. Muller, J. (2011) Skyfarming an ecological innovation to enhance global food security. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety Sharanbir S.P.S., Can cities become self-reliant in food? (2011) Center for Urban Environment and Economic Development, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA

Porta al Prato Florence, http://goo.gl/wfJgrk

Chapter 5 Owen, C. (2010), BABYLON., http://owen-c.deviantart.com/ artBABYLON-159584329 Dalley, S., (August 1st 2013), The Mystery of the Hanging Garden of Babylon: An Elusive World Wonder Traced, Oxford University Press (NYC). Watkin, D. (2005), A History of Western Architecture, Laurence King Publishing– page 9 – 13 Isaac M. McPhee, (Mar 27, 2008), Hanging Gardens of Babylon The Most Questionable Wonder of the Ancient World.

Other Material MORRIS J. (Producer), & Stanton, A. (Director). (2008). WALL·E, United States of America.


/image index/

IMAGE INDEX /references/

Cover / Back http://goo.gl/kjhd5e http://goo.gl/72dIqQ

Abstract i

http://goo.gl/QBkDa0 https://goo.gl/WDh0h1

Chapter 4 Page 30 Page 31 Page 33

Page 40 Page 41

Chapter 1 Page 1 Page 3

[image 1.1] http://goo.gl/oLy8Wo [image 1.2] http://goo.gl/LwAVsO

Chapter 2 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 - 13 Page 14 - 15

[image 2.1] https://goo.gl/K6sb0s [image 2.2] http://goo.gl/6nf5Pq [image 2.3] www.skygreens.com [image 2.4] http://goo.gl/3kkOvt [image 2.5] http://goo.gl/Jk4RTd

Chapter 5 Page 44 Page 45 Page 46

[image 2.6.1 - image 2.6.5] http://goo.gl/Q9aDJJ [image 2.7.1 - image 2.7.4] http://goo.gl/Bnsugz

Chapter 3 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21

[image 3.1] http://goo.gl/Ev5Y38 [image 3.2] https://goo.gl/14FeFl [image 3.3] http://goo.gl/9YRgnL [image 3.4] http://goo.gl/qe1N8f [image 3.5] https://goo.gl/WfJSO6 [image 3.6] http://goo.gl/yz0kst

Page 39 [image 4.1] https://goo.gl/A7wuyB Page 39 [image 4.2 - image 4.3] http://goo.gl/JNC9dx Page 39 [image 4.4] http://goo.gl/99TLuW Page 41 [image 4.5] https://goo.gl/Q8Fjad Page 41 [image 4.6] https://goo.gl/LEkmyg Page 41 [image 4.7] http://goo.gl/Tobrtw Page 41 [image 4.8] http://goo.gl/Tobrtw Page 44 [image 4.9] -Yiru Page 45 [image 4.10] http://goo.gl/ZQoL9X Page 45 [image 4.11] http://goo.gl/G3Wpoi Page 45 [image 4.12] http://goo.gl/gjCiSN Page 45 [image 4.13] http://goo.gl/kuBGMX Page 45 [image 4.14] http://goo.gl/Z0xIvx Page 45 [image 4.15]http://goo.gl/9hoQnL

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[image 5.1] http://goo.gl/WQcTTP [image 5.2] http://goo.gl/QGQDAs [image 5.3] http://goo.gl/nPwAvg [image 5.4] http://barensfeld.com/ [image 5.5] http://barensfeld.com/ [image 5.6] http://barensfeld.com/ [image 5.7] http://barensfeld.com/ [image 5.8]http://longwoodgardens.org/ [image 5.9] http://longwoodgardens.org/ [image 5.10] http://longwoodgardens.org/ [image 5.11] http://goo.gl/qrh7pu [image 5.12] http://goo.gl/cJUlFX [image 5.13] http://goo.gl/07VsLK [image 5.14] http://goo.gl/vqP0RX [image 5.15] http://goo.gl/twXlHk [image 5.16] http://goo.gl/OTvvEr

iv



Survey on Sustainable Agriculture with Urban Vertical Farming in Florence ARE YOU MALE

FEMALE

PLEASE STATE YOUR AGE : NATIONALITY : DO YOU STAY IN THE CITY

SUBURBS

1. Do you like the idea of buying freshly grown vegetable near the city without traveling to the countryside? YES NO 2. Would you like to know who is handling the food on your plate? YES

APPENDIX

NO 3. Do you know what is sustainable agriculture? YES NO (sustainable agriculture is the production using farming techniques that protect the environment, public health, human communities, and animal welfare.)

4. Do you know what is urban farming ? YES NO (urban farming is growing fruits, vegetables, herbs or raising animals in the cities. Usually linked with a very environmental friendly process)

5. Do you support zero-carbon footprint production? (Your carbon footprint is the sum of all emissions of CO2 (carbon dioxide), which were induced by your activities in a given time frame)

YES NO Why? :

6. How often do you go to the market? MORE THAN ONCE A WEEK

ONCE A WEEK

ONCE A MONTH

NEVER

7. Rank from 1-5 your average consumption of fresh produce (veggies, fruits, herbs, meat, etc..) on a daily basis (5 being very high)

RANK : 8. Rank from 1-5 the amount of food wasted by end of every week (vege/fruit rotted, expired, etc..) (5 being a lot)

RANK : 9. If you could visit an urban farm for free with doing your grocery shopping and also enjoying food prepared by the farm, how often would you visit it? MORE THAN ONCE A WEEK

ONCE A WEEK

ONCE A MONTH

NEVER

10. Do you like the idea of a restaurant having their own fresh garden instead of using frozen products? YES NO 11. Would you consume fresh produce (veggies, fruits, etc) grown by artificial light? YES NO

v



END “Do not work alone. Even after you leave school, always keep in contact with each other because they could be a friend for you” — Paolo Volsi




xoxo.yva@gmail.com


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