The Between_Riverine Learning Park by Xyin Teoh

ARC5004 Architecture Thesis Studio 1 & 2 TEOH XIN YIN GS53184

T HE B ETW E E N :

R i veri n e Learning Park B a la nc i ng Hu m an - Rive r re l at i ons hi p i n re d efin in g Pe na ng River ’s social i de nt i t y

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All material contained within the thesis, including without limitation text, logos, icons, photographs and all other artwork, is copyright material of Universiti Putra Malaysia unless otherwise stated. Use may be made of any material contained within the thesis for non-commercial purposes from the copyright holder. Commercial use of material may only be made with the express, prior, written permission of Universiti Putra Malaysia.

C O P Y R I G H T © Universiti Putra Malaysia

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T HE BE TWE E N Architecture Report

EDITOR Teoh Xin Yin ADVISOR Dr. Nor Hayati Hussain Ar. Wan Sofiah Wan Ishak COURSE ARC5003 & ARC5004 Architecture Thesis Studio 1 FACULTY Design and Architecture UNIVERSITY UPM University Putra Malaysia

Teoh Xin Yin GS53184 xinyinteoh.ar@gmail.com xinyinteoh-arch.weebly.com

TA B L E O F CONTENT The Between

“No matter how unique or exciting is a riverfront development, it can only be successful if it functions on all levels.” - Torre (1989)

Preface

Context

Design Generator

pg 6 Abstract

pg 29 River Selection Criteria Penang River: Past & Present Site Selection Criteria Site Analysis The Site Context Exploration

pg 68 In Between In Between Diagram Design Exploration Idea Development Parti Diagram Bubble Diagram

Building Programming

Manifestation

pg 54 Literature Precedent Study Programme Target Group Project Collaborators

pg 79 Schematic Design Massing Model Resolution

Research Background pg 7 Background Story Literature Background Study

Project Narrative pg 24 Research Scope Problem Statement Research Aim Research Questions & Design Objectives Design Aim Thesis Statement NABC

Conclusion pg 115 Human-River Harmony

Appendix References 4

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A BSTR ACT

01 - Preface

The proposal reconnects the relationship between human and river through propose a recreational bridge which aims to revitalize urban river, redefine social significant of urban river towards a human-river harmony relationship. Rivers was once the physical center of a city and site of trading in our history. Since 18th century, Pinang River marks the first entry of riverine settlement. The estuary was once an active traders’ waterway, it then transformed into ships’ rest and refitting stop and became the source to sustain agriculture cultivation and exportation that assist in shaping the glorious of Penang waterfront trader point. Penang River as island’s main rivers that connecting rivers to the sea, it acts as a main meeting point and the development spread along both sides of river. River as the source of living, connected people from both sides of lands and support human civilisation. Ironically, rivers are also disposal system for human generated waste. Although urban population

starting moved to riverside in recent years, the intention of current riverfront development however is focusing on investments needs only. Hence, my thesis aims to reconnect the in between space of city and river, human and water, to unite the separated city. celebrate the encounter, encourage local involvement and appreciation to rivers, hence and form a harmonize relationship of human and river, on Penang River’s estuary. This thesis provides architecture intervention that act as a catalyst to recelebrate urban river and reconnect harmony relationship between human and river. The outcome shall be significant as an approach for future development in connecting land and water, human and river through reimagine the ‘in

between’ space for the encounter, reconnect and inspire. People are paradoxically isolated from one another but united in common cause, public area that everyone share is the key program of the proposal that function together with the support of education and grey water recycle reuse system. Out of all waste discharged into Penang River, domestic waste is the major source. As the site is rich with community context, the proposed bridge integrates with government and local NGOs efforts, to encourage community involvement, show the process of greywater recycle and educate public the significant of urban rivers, as an element of cultures and traditional importance, also the source of production and biodiversity.

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02 - Research Background

Background Story When I was a kid, me and my siblings would always go to grandma house. We could run a whole day in the village, from houses to houses, & from backyard to golden paddy field. Separating the settlement and vast paddy field, is a running river. A wooden bridge is connecting the two. Even though the river isn’t clear, but we had so much fun and memories playing alongside the riverbank. We sat on the side of bridge to soak our legs in water during high tide; we caught fish and looked at dragonfly skimming water surface. At that time, we were in love with the environment. As we grow up, we have lesser opportunities to spend time along the river. Last sem-break, when I accompanied my niece to the river, I realise the river is drying up, the water became darker with flies flying above it. The river had been polluted, its smell and polluted water made villagers do not spend time there anymore.

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L I T ERAT URE

02 - Research Background

Our urban rivers Teoh, X.Y., 2020. Rethinking initiatives to integrate public engagement in addressing urban river pollution issues in Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

Water is essential to sustain and supply our living. While there are only 3% of world’s water is consumable water, Malaysian still consuming the highest water per capita in Southeast Asia. 97% is from the RIVER. However, only 39% out of 140 monitored rivers in Malaysia categorized as clean. As a causal factor, Climate change affected the source of water supply, while Msia’s population growth is expected remain close to 1.25% annually for the next decade. Besides, Malaysia has the highest water consumption per capita in Southeast Asia.

And our water resources management is poor, as water resources are managed as a state resource. Urbanization and industrialization also contributed much on urban river pollution.

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Sources of River Pollution that has occurred mainly in Malaysia’s urban areas included deforestation, residential waste, industrial waste, agriculture waste and inadequate sewage treatment system. For example, urbanisation has impacted the nature of run-off in a catchment, which in turn affects the water quality of receiving waters. Illegal incidents of toxic waste dumping and leakage of surplus goods from improperly built boxes and unintentional emission affected severe river pollution the most. In 2008, DOE reported that sewage treatment plants under management had become a significant source of river pollution. Society participation is also one of the most significant point towards this issue.

Current approaches in Malaysia and global to tackle river pollution issue included imposing penalties, consistent monitoring of every water source, conducting various awareness campaign, installing full coverage sewage purification networks, asking help from Interceptor, and introducing environmental education.

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OUR UR B AN RI VERS LITERATU RE

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02 - Research Background

LITERATU RE

Human relationship with water is inseparable.

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Framework of River-Human system. Adopted from Zhang et al. (2015).

The development in every aspect of human life is closely linked with water. - Pimentel, D. et al. (1997)

LITERAT URE

02 - Research Background

River system is closely integrated with the human system and both interact as well as influence each other. For the river system to provide the necessary support and security for social and economic development of the human system, the latter should continuously provide protection to the health of the river basin and take up measures to improve river– human relationship. The lack of coordination may lead to severe conflicts between humans and river. In Western culture, the concept of harmony was first proposed by the Greek philosopher and mathematician Pythagors. The Greek philosopher Plato (427–347 BC) adopted the theory to the political field, and famously wrote ‘justice is harmony’ in his book The Republic. In ancient China, according to Lao-tzu (571–471 BC) and Confucius (551– 479 BC), harmony is an orderly, coordinated and natural

development trajectory. Chuang-tzu (396–286 BC) first proposed the idea about the unity of nature and humans. In recent years, research is being done regarding human– water relationship. Zuo et al. (2008) put forward human–water harmony evaluation model, for evaluating the relationship between humans and water. Ding et al. (2014) combined the human–water harmony and developed the human– water harmony index evaluation system which has been utilized in several cities in China. Compared with the previous evaluation model, the harmonious development of thought is multidimensional and coordinated development. The model completes the balance of the time to reflect continuity and space. The harmonious model emphasizes inclusion and equality, while also considering a broader target.

Teoh THE KNOT Xin Yin

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Flowchart of the river–human harmony model. Adopted from Zhang et al. (2015).

More Human Development leads to lesser River Health and Human-river Coordination. (Coordination refers to the state of mutual sustenance between human system and river system.) River basins with meagre water resources, usually lower part or river, have low River Health and River Human Harmony values.

Radar diagram of RHH dimensions for the study river basins’ areas. Adopted from Zhang et al. (2015). Zhang, J., Tang, D., Ijaz, Ahmad. & Wang, M. (2015). River– human harmony model to evaluate the relationship between humans and water in river basin.

Water resources management includes: (i) developing and utilising water resources, as well as preventing and controlling water disasters, by administrative, legal, economic, technological, educational and other means; (ii) coordinating the relationship between resource utilisation and socioeconomic development to address water conflicts among various regions and departments; (iii) supervising and limiting unreasonable overexploitation and other actions of harm to water sources; (iv) formulating reasonable water allocation programmes, using flood control and profit scheduling principles, and developing and executing the optimal scheduling of water supply systems and water engineering projects; and (v) monitoring changes in water quantity and quality and taking appropriate management actions. Chen, J.Q., et al. (1987). Water resources management.

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Water resource Management Zuo Q T, Dou M. & Ma J X. 2008. Water resources science course.

Water resource management is a complicated set of waterrelated activities covering five key areas: (i) increasing publicity, education, public awareness, and participation; (ii) developing rational measures for the utilisation

of water resources; (iii) formulating water management policies; (iv) implementing unified water management strategies; and (v) putting realtime allocation and scheduling into practice.

Water resource Management Chen, J.Q., et al. 1987. Water resources management.

Water resources management includes (i) developing and utilising water resources, as well as preventing and controlling water disasters, by administrative, legal, economic, technological,

educational and other means; (ii) coordinating the relationship between resource utilisation and socioeconomic development to address water conflicts among various regions and departments; (iii) supervising and limiting unreasonable overexploitation and other actions of harm to water sources; (iv) formulating reasonable water allocation programmes, using flood control and profit scheduling principles, and developing and executing the optimal scheduling of water supply systems and water engineering projects; and (v) monitoring changes in water quantity and quality and taking appropriate management actions.

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Harmony Relationship Zuo, Q.T., Zhang, Y. & Lin, P. 2008. Index system and quantification method for human-water harmony.

The evolution of thought on water resources management: 1- “people avoid water, water violates people” 2- “people fight for water” / integrated management 3Hydro-engineering conservancy to hydro-resource conservancy / sustainable utilisation of water resources 4- Human-water harmony Interconnected River System Network: construct a network of interconnected water resources to meet the needs of sustainable socioeconomic development and ecological civilisation construction, with

the functions of improving integrated allocation ability, improving the status of the water environment, protecting against flood and drought damage, to eventually achieve harmony between humans and water (Dou et al. 2011). Harmony has been defined as “coordination, consistency, balance, completeness and adaptation”. Harmony theory is viewed as correct, positive, consistent with dialectical materialism, and helpful in addressing social, economic, political, cultural and religious problems.

Development stages and characteristics of Chinese Water Resource Management.

Applications of harmony theory to water resources management include (i) Harmonious interactions between humans and nature (Zuo 2012)/ harmony between humans and nature; (ii) a harmony strategy for water resources management; (iii) a rational allocation model

for water resources among different areas and departments based on harmony theory; (iv) harmony-based water allocation issues associated with transboundary rivers; (v) harmony-based interbasin water transfer problems; and (vi) harmony-based control of pollution discharge.

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River Transformation Vargha, J. 2017. Human river relationship in the 21th century.

River regulation (straightening/shortening/ narrowing/widening/stabilizing the riverbeds, groynes, embankment by riprap and concrete, dredging, sand and gravel mining, narrowing floodplains with dikes, create uniform channels by eliminating sidearms and islands) Water use (drinking water, irrigation, cooling, industrial processes) Water allocation watersheds

between

Pollution

thermal,

(chemical,

biological, solids – like plastic objects and microbeads) Deforestation of watersheds and floodplains, cultivation forest monocultures Construction of buildings and roads on floodplains Replace whole river-sections by artificial side channels Construction of dams, create reservoirs; stream power abstraction and transformation to electric power.

The 20th century has been the dam ages. “Simply put, the Twentieth Century has been the Hydraulic Century, the Age of Dams. At least ninety-five percent of the world’s significant dams (usually defined as those more than fifteen meters high) were built in my father’s lifetime.” -Reisner, M., 2000

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Change for Future Vargha, J. 2017. Human river relationship in the 21th century. Postel, S. & Richter, B. 2003. Rivers for Life: Managing Water For People And Nature.

“The rescue can be accomplished if natural habitats are not only preserved but enlarged, sliding the numbers of survivable species back up the logarithmic curve that connects quantity of biodiversity to amount of area. Here is the means to end the great extinction spasm. The next century will, I believe, be the era of restoration in ecology.” -Wilson, E.O. (1992) “The wealth of scientific knowledge gained over the last decade is creating the conditions for a very different relationship between people and rivers - a relationship of mutual health and coexistence that offers great benefits to this and future generations.” -Postel, S. & Richter, B. (2003)

Architecture Connection Mallo, J.R.D. 2011. An Architecture Of Connection.

Architecture should create a link between people and the natural environment, an innate connection that has lost it’s potency in society. This calls for an integration of nature into architecture through the systems and organization of the built environment. The global environmental crisis is the result of human kind segregating itself from nature, resulting in people removing themselves from the network of cycles that sustain ALL life. It is not the planet that is in trouble, it is the human race as it exists today that is in jeopardy, along with the countless plant and animal species that are harmed alongside ourselves. Nature abhors a vacuum. Without people, the cycles will continue and eventually a balance will be restored; however, if we as a species act NOW, we can find a way to balance the system once more. This can only be achieved by placing ourselves once more within the network of cycles. (Mallo, 2011)

NATUR EAR CHI TECTURE LITERATURE

Relationship between human and water is inseparable. Water is the driving force in nature. Development in every aspect of human life is closely linked with water. River connects people, places, and other forms of life, inspiring and sustaining diverse cultural beliefs, values, and ways of life.

02 - Research Background

Background Study Rivers was once the physical centre of a city and site of trading in our history. The ‘Agrarian reform’ had then transformed rural life and activities. What used to be river bank villages moved to urban areas under relocation scheme programs and started to adapt urbanisation. Cities reshape and rural reconstruction, urbanisation and the upgrading of transportation system resulted on less reliability on river function. In recent years, urban sprawl and congestion in urban area caused urban population starting moved closer to riverside. However, the intention of current riverfront development is focussing on investments needs only, resulted in a negative social attitude towards urban river and caused the disappearance of river social identity.

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Harmony Relationship Zuo, Q.T., Zhang, Y. & Lin, P. 2008. Index system and quantification method for human-water harmony.

Along with the development of industrial evolution, people now always focussed in technology, economy, military and politics that is changing the world economy map. When everyone is trying hard to pursue a better life, have you ever remembered what is the basic requirement to sustain our life?

Human development has brought us convenient living conditions, we used to get resources easily, foods from restaurant, water from tap, and, we forgot to credit the environment that provide us resources to sustain our life.

Development stages and characteristics of Chinese Water Resource Management.

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Irony Relationship between human and river

River is the natural resources that supports our life. But, how do we, human treat rivers? The vast resources of rivers are an essential element for human civilisation. Ironically, rivers are also disposal system for human generated waste. We neglect its contribution and throw unwanted waste into it; we treat it as a drainage! This means that even if people had started to move back to riverside, the irony relationship doesn’t get any better. The river appreciation and river-human harmony relationship are still vague.

(Sullivan, 2006).

Primitive Times Riverine Learning Park

‘People avoid water, water violates people’ Human–river relationship has experienced three stages of development

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(Sullivan, 2006).

Agrarian Societies ‘People fight for water’

Primitive Times

‘People avoid water, water violates people’

Industrial Revolution ‘Hydro-engineering conservancy to Hydro-resource conservancy’

Agrarian Societies

‘People fight for water’

Human-Water Harmony (Zuo, 2009)

Industrial Revolution ‘Hydro-engineering conservancy to Hydro-resource conservancy’

Human-Water Harmony Harmony Human-Water (Zuo, 2009) 2009) (Zuo,

(i) Harmonious interactions between humans and nature; (ii) a harmony strategy for water resources management;

Human-Water Harmony

(iii) a rational allocation model (Zuo, 2009) for water resources among different areas and departments based on harmony theory;

(i) Harmonious interactions between humans

(iv) harmony-based water and allocation nature; issues associated with transboundary rivers; (ii) a harmony strategy for water resources (v) harmony-based interbasin water transfer problems; management; (vi) aharmony-based control of pollution (iii) rational allocation model for water discharge resources among different areas and departments based on harmony theory; Human–river relationship has experienced three stages of development (Sullivan, 2006). (iv) harmony-based water allocation issues associated with transboundary rivers; (v) harmony-based interbasin water transfer problems; (vi) harmony-based control of pollution discharge

The first stage started in the primitive times, wherein human settlements were located near rivers and major waterways were used for both crop irrigation and fishing. However, the vulnerability to water disaster limited the development of human society. The second stage developed in traditional agrarian societies, when humans began building simple water conservation projects whose impact on the environment was minimal. This led to a brief period of harmony where the human–river relationship stabilized because of the comparatively low water demand. After the industrial revolution, human–river relationship entered the third stage. This was a period of rapid development in productivity and progress in human science and technology. Largescale water conservancy facilities were constructed to facilitate better use of river resources. During this period, human activities resulted in several disasters, and the relationship between human and river has become increasingly hostile.

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Tay Mo Leong. 1955. River Side.

L I VI NG WITH R IVE R

People are not at the top of pyramid. River and human are equal.

Human relationship with water is inseparable. Water is the driving force in nature. Up to 60% of the human body is water, we can go for longer without food than without water. Both water quality and quantity are crucial that will affect human health. Can you imagine you are now drinking polluted water that extract from the ‘dump site’ river? Also, the death of a river is the death of an ecosystem. Instead of social importance for the global transportation, river also act as an element of cultures, traditional importance as a source for primary and secondary production and biodiversity, and as an energy cycle. River flows connect people,

places, and other forms of life, inspiring and sustaining diverse cultural beliefs, values, and ways of life. For many human populations around the world, river flows are linked to livelihood, identity, sense of place, religious beliefs and ceremonies, language systems, or educational practices. As Pimentel said, the development in every aspect of human life is closely linked with water. RIVERS have been an integral part in the establishment and growth of human civilizations.

Woo Seng Non. 2007. Plentiful Harvest 1.

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Kuo Ju Ping. TBD. Sampan.

Yeo Eng Siang. TBD. Drying Nets.

Tay Hooi Keat. 1958. House by the River Malacca.

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P R OJECT NAR R ATIVE

Research Scope

03 - Project Narrative

My intention was to revitalize the Penang river to create river appreciation and shape a better living environment for Penangites. However, based on my research, I found out that the significant factor to sustain urban river is not only the lack of environmental education but also the evolution of urban development. After more literature review and reading, I realize that the project should be focusing on understanding how urban development affected Penang River and the social significance of the river.

Also, the role of architecture on reconnecting people and river. Therefore, based on the diagram, I scope my research – from a wider understanding of river pollution’s causal factors, river’s social significance, urban development relationship with the river and further focus on the role of architecture – how architecture can create a space where people and river can meet, reconnect and inspire people to live in harmony relationship with rivers.

Social Significant - Revive - Reconnect

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03 - Project Narrative

Problem Statement

Source of living Disposal system

Rivers was once the physical center of a city and site of trading in our history. Since 18th century, Pinang River marks the first entry of riverine settlement. The estuary was once an active traders’ waterway, it then transformed into ships’ rest and refitting stop and became the source to sustain agriculture cultivation and exportation that assist in shaping the glorious of Penang waterfront trader point. Penang River as island’s main rivers that connecting rivers to the sea, it acts as a main meeting point and the development spread along both sides of river. River as the source of living, connected people from both sides of

lands and civilisation.

support

human

Ironically, rivers are also disposal system for human generated waste. Although urban population starting moved to riverside in recent years, the intention of current riverfront development however is focusing on investments needs only. Hence, my thesis aims to reconnect the in between space of city and river, human and water, to unite the separated city, celebrate the encounter, encourage local involvement and appreciation to rivers, hence and form a harmonize relationship of human and river, on Penang River’s estuary.

Research Aim 03 - Project Narrative To explore how architecture can create a space where people and river can meet, reconnect and inspire people to live in harmony relationship with river.

Research Questions

Research Objectives

What

To research on the evolution of river’s social significance throughout urban development.

is the social identity of urban rivers?

To study

on the activities that happened along the river and explore the potential that tighter human-river relationship.

What

happened when people meet river?

How

to introduce or create an encounter space for people and river to meet?

find out the role of architecture in reconnecting people and Penang River.

How

architecture would help in connecting people and river?

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Design Aim

03 - Project Narrative

The proposal reconnect the relationship between human and river through propose a recreational bridge which aims to revitalize urban river, redefine social significant of urban river towards a human-river harmony relationship.

Thesis Statement This thesis provides architecture intervention that act as a catalyst to recelebrate urban river and reconnect harmony relationship between human and river.

RECREATION

People are paradoxically isolated from one another but united in common cause, public area that everyone share is the key program of the proposal that function together with the support of education and grey water recycle reuse system. Out of all waste discharged into Penang River, domestic waste is the major source. As the site is rich with community context, the proposed bridge integrates with government and local NGOs efforts, to encourage community involvement, show the process of greywater recycle and educate public the significant of urban rivers, as an element of cultures and traditional importance, also the source of production and biodiversity.

EDUCATION

The outcome shall be significant as an approach for future development in connecting land and water, human and river through reimagine the ‘in between’ space for the encounter, reconnect and inspire.

PURIFICATION 27

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NABC

03 - Project Narrative

Pinang River has been the source of Penang Island city development. Ironically, the river is also disposal system for human generated waste. Due to transportation-orientated town planning, the back of development had been placed towards river, which diminishes river role in the city. Since then, the relationship between human and river had changed. Hence, there is a need to reconnect the relationship between human and river.

My approach is to reconnect the relationship between human and river through integrate river education, green & blue recreation and greywater purification system, to transform the way people think and act towards Penang River.

By providing a riverine learning park, it aims to revitalize urban river, redefine social significant of urban river towards a human-river harmony relationship. This thesis provides architecture intervention that act as a catalyst to recelebrate urban river and reconnect harmony relationship between human and river.

Transportation-orientated planning is the biggest competitor that stopping people from urban rivers. Human’s mindset without proper knowledge are the significant factor that affected the social significant of river by changing their actions. Hence, the proposed architecture need to incorporate with the people instead of making them an opponent.

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CO NT E X T SITE SELECTION CRITERIA SITE ANALYSIS SITE SYNTHESIS CONTEXT EXPLORATION

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04 - Context

RI V E R SELECTI ON C R ITE R IA As every river has their own characteristic in the context, few selection criteria have been listed out, including located in urban area context, its historical and current contribution to the city, existing riverine activities and diminishing identity of river.

Locate in urban area

Contributed to city development - Historical Significant - Water & Resources Supply

Diminishing significant - Excluded from development - Public Perception - Highly polluted

Existing neighbourhood & riverine activities

04 - CONTEXT

River Selection Criteria

Segget River, Johor Bahru

Penang River, Timur Laut

Johor River, Kota Tinggi

Johor River is a significant witness of glorious history of Johor government. Since 1528, historical events stand firmly along the river and it provides water to support and sustain the town development. Until now, Johor River is the main water resources for Johor state and Singapore. Kota Tinggi becomes a famous historical tourism destination. Segget River has been the source of Jalan Wong Ah Fook and Johor Bahru city development Since 1800. Besides supplying water for basic life needs, it also serves as a trading route and a connection within villages. The village has now evolved into a trader’s hub. But the river that marked the beginning of development of JB city have been covered up as pollution and flood issues. In 2012, Iskandar Regional Development Authority (IRDA) had carried out a revitalisation proposal for Segget River. The Pinang River is believed the first entry of riverine settlement in the late 18th century, before the arrival of Captain Francis Light. Despite its marking of first settlement, traders point and witness the development of Penang island, it was widely regarded as one of the dirtiest waterways in Malaysia. In recent years, the Penang state government has intensified efforts to clean up and deepen the river, resulting in an improvement of the river’s water quality. Among the three urban rivers that is facing social identity diminishing issue, the most potential river for the project is Penang River.

P ENANG R IVER While every city has a river source of their development, Penang River was classified as the most polluted category in National water resources report in the year 2000.

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Past

Since 18th century, Pinang River has been the source of Penang Island city development. It marks the first entry of riverine settlement before the arrival of Captain Francis Light. The estuary was once an active traders’ waterway, it then transformed into rest and refitting stop for ships that passing Straits of Malacca. After the entry of British, Penang River become

the source to sustain agriculture cultivation and exportation that assist in shaping the glorious of Penang waterfront trader point. While the Penang free port attracted and joined people from various nations with different culture, Penang River guarded the local community throughout the transformation of harbour city.

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Penang River is 3.1km long, with widest width 100m at the estuary. It is the major river in Penang island, which links 6 other rivers that connect to the sea. The river act as a main meeting point and the development spread along both sides of river. River as the source of living, with the aid of boats, it connects people from both sides. Riverfront community work as farmer and fishermen. They use river water to drink, cook, wash, cultivate, move, catch fish and celebrate along the river.

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Present

River had become border line of a community. Additionally, transportation orientated town planning had placed the back of development towards river, which diminishing river role in the city. Since then, the relationship between human and river had changed. The Community saw the Penang River simply as a large sew-er as the bad

smell and polluted condition. Furthermore, people had been reclaiming lands near the river mouth in exchange for urbanisation. Despite the effort of government and NGOs, the relationship of human and river has not improved at all. The river has no positive relationship with the surrounding people, the context and the city.

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S I TE S EL ECTI ON CR ITER IA 04 - Context

Domestic waste damaged river water quality the most with high BOD and AN contains. And to spread the river appreciation value, the site selection criteria is focussing on sewage polluted urban river that is significant to the community and city.

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The first site is located at riverside of Johor River, in Kota Tinggi. The site is located in the center of the town, that linked with Kota Tinggi bridge. It is surrounding is majorly institutional and residential building, while opposite of river filled with commercial context. It is located beside Balai Kota, a historical architecture that currently use for recreational programmes. The site area is 2.8 acres, owned by local government. The location is considered upper part of Johor River, this developed town contributed high ammonia contains to the river. The potential of the site including integration with Historical tourism activities; create a Riverside recreational area; River care and education place that involve students; River water treatment plant; and River Resources Research Center.

The site is located in mixeduse context city center, with majorly commercial activities around the river. It located opposite to JB City Square (the shopping mall that mark the latest trend) and the back of site face towards Jalan Trus and Galleria, another shopping mall with road side food court. I see its potential as its strategic location and human flow that encourage local, especially youth to visit. Programmes that can propose here including Cooperation with Centralised Sewage Treatment Plant in the upper part of river to become a Circular River Resources Research Center, that have local business owners’ involvement and will become Community river care attraction in the city center.

The site located at the estuary of Pinang River, it is only 15 mins walk away from Georgetown World Heritage Site. The surrounding context is mixed-use, with majority residential use. The Site is 2.5 acres, with potential to provide Diversity of programmes, as the benefit of having bicycle track and recreational park around, fishermen boats stopping here and with residential neighbourhood. The potential programmes including Riverside recreational; Community gathering area; Community river care involvement; Fishermen Traders wharf; River care and education; River water treatment plant; and Circular River Resources Research Center that recycle and reuse waste river water.

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SITE ANALYSIS 04 - Context

There are few nodes that is water-related to Timur Laut, including historical Fort Cornwallis and Clan Jetties. More related to water transportation that linking people from land to land, there are Butterworth Port and Sultan Abdul Halim Ferry Terminal. The node that nearby the proposed site is Karpal Singh Drive, a seafront promenade. It is one of the local preferences of retreat attractions within a 400m walk from site. As the previous development is more towards marine and seafront programmes, there is a potential to look at riverfront development that can be integrate with marine facilities too.

Current water-related facilities in Penang Island are concentrated in seafront developments only. It would be an opportunity to connect and expand those activities to riverine development.

SITE ANALYSIS 04 - Context

Land Reclamation

Since 19 century, land reclamation had expand the urban edge of Penang Island. The land reclamation areas initially are muddy and swamp area, and the built of Jelutong highway made Karpal Singh area been developed too. While the older part of land settled down at 1985, Jelutong had developed in 25 years later. Land reclamation had also chase away fisherman that settled at riverside and seaside. Due to urbanisation, Georgetown had expanded it’s boundary which resulted in land reclamation at the edge of river and sea. With Jelutong being on the opposite side of the river, it was further developed later on when land is getting scarce.

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Site Analysis 04 - Context

The neighbourhood is majorly residential area, and support by nearby commercial and industrial. As it locates near to city center, most of the residents is working class, with least percentage of elderly population. In contrast, there are a total of 16 schools in Jelutong that shows majority neighbourhood household is in family unit. The occupation of local community is mainly office workers and factory workers. To ensure local attachment, the site is chosen with high dense community context. There is more lower household income neighbourhood close to the site, although a mixture of flat, apartment and terrace houses are in the context too.

SITE ANALYSIS

04 - Context

The Number of affordable houses in 2016 to 2017 raised 10 times from previous year. And the percentage of lower cost housing is the best sold property with least overhang percentage. This shows the mixed of local income groups and difficulties on society economic.

S I TE ANALYSIS 04 - Context

The site is considered as a newly development compare to opposite settlement. There is more public facilities in the opposite land, including market and community area. However, as the lack of maintenance and human flow, the recreational area in new development area encourage more local visit. To connect the two land that separate by river, there is a bicycle lane that crossing the river. So the site will have neighbourhood integration from the both sides of land.

Riverine Learning Park

Site Analysis 04 - Context Waste recycling benefit urban river conservation from solid waste pollution that had discourage people to participate in river-related activities. Penang recycling rate increase shows the preliminary effectiveness of waste management and environmental care awareness. While local council spend 98% of environmental protection budget in pollution and waste management, public environment education should be emphasis in the planning. Riverine Learning Park will hence better shape a sustainable environment by integrating community, and carry on with the effort from both government and community.

THE BETWEEN

ARC5003 & ARC5004

oct. 2020 - july. 2021

SITE ANALYSIS

04 - Context

Penang student prefer to continue their study in non RIver-related field, which is Agriculture and Science sector, this affected local have less opportunities to be closer to the river and not knowing river condition. Thus, with the propose of having a learning park, it would provide a space for professions and technicians to work, at the same time catalyst and nurture more new blood.

TH E S ITE 04 - Context

To maximize local attachment, social connection and social exposure, the site is chosen by the side of Pinang River with the most neighbourhood residents around, in Jelutong. As it locates beside the main lane that linking Jelutong and Georgetown, the architecture will hence give a strong visual impact to Penangites while using Dr. Tun Lim Chong Yew highway. The site is 2.5 acres government land and is currently converting into neighbourhood park by Penang government.

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CO N TEX T EX P LOR ATION 04 - Context

The neighbourhood is majorly residential area, and support by nearby commercial and industrial area. The surrounding filled with mixture of flat, apartment, terrace houses and squatters, with the mix of community from high, medium and low-income group. The diagram shows different groups of community along the river. All of them are actually creating waves that influence to each other, and i respond by using a physical meeting node.

Riverine Learning Park

04 - Context

CONTEXT EXPLORATION

The site is located in a new landfill development. As the social, culture and economic development, the new land is totally different from the opposite settlement. As the landfilled was not filled right to the boundary of river flow, the edge of new land has a shallow depth water that would be proposed for riverine activities.

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CO N TEX T EX P LOR ATION 04 - Context

The Site is currently an open parking space and recreational space. Diagram shows transportation flows on both land and river. Highlighted white colour spaces are existing parking for on land vehicles. To encourage sustainable travel method that reduce pollutants flow into river, the proposed traffic is following the current situation while providing minimum parking on both lands. Carpark will be located at the most unhappend area, which acts as a sound barrier from the highway.

Riverine Learning Park

04 - Context

CONTEXT EXPLORATION

oct. 2020 - july. 2021

With the river separating the two communities, a bridge which forms the connection to them is provided with activities to allow the people to not be separated from one another, while still retaining the river as part of their livelihood.

THE BETWEEN

CONTEXT EXPLORATION

04 - Context

Existing on-land public spaces like parks and community hall are available. The proposal would take the opportunity to expand the river side park to create a gathering point which would tie the two sides of the banks.

Riverine Learning Park

This diagram shows different urban fabric on both of the lands. The propose form will be respond back with the use of mixing squarish forms integrate with more free and fluid form in reference to the building and natural context. This would allow the community to feel the intact to their cultural, and living environment.

04 - Context

CONTE XT E XPLOR ATION

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CO N TEX T EX P LOR ATION 04 - Context

The height will be following the surrounding skyline, to create a horizontal linkage between city and river. The nearby connections of lands are Jelutong highway and bicycle lane. The propose bridge will be place on higher level above water level and towards them, to create sight impression and encourage local visit, while allowing artisanal boats to pass by.

Riverine Learning Park

oct. 2020 - july. 2021

I have studied some precedents to see how others propose towards similar background issue.

“No matter how unique or exciting is a riverfront development, it can only be successful if it functions on all levels” - Torre (1989)

B UI LDI NG PR OGR AMMING Literature

Rivers can be considered the center of the city’s evolution, but nowadays river connection among cities, societies, cultures and the environment is unclear. One of the city’s major problems, especially in third-world nations, is ‘dead rivers’ or ‘forgotten rivers’, which become sources of pollution and disease, forming a dead path, fragmenting communities, degrading biodiversity, with urban encroachment, the absence of a healthy environment and the loss of community aesthetic value. Negligence of rivers can be one of the most important causes or the death of a city, whereas the revival of rivers has become a must for cities targeting reliving and development. - Maged.Y & Bashir.A, 2020

Developed countries are able to effectively clean up their rivers backed up by adequate resources, strong public sector capacity and public institutions whereas developing countries struggle to rehabilitate theirs in the context of limited capacity and resource base and, often in the absence of appropriate public institutions, legal framework and strong regulatory enforcement capacity. This is particularly so in many local government units - World Bank, 2007 What is not observed is the unifying aspect of river as seams, “lines along which two regions are related and joined together” - Lynch, K., 1961

REVIVE - CON N EC T - C EL EBR AT E

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L I T ERAT URE

05 - Building Programming

Recreate Cultural Promenade Maged. Y & Bashir.A., 2020 Revival of forgotten rivers through recreating the cultural promenade: A case study of the revival of Beirut River, Lebanon.

Nowadays, Beirut, the capital of Lebanon, is suffering from an absence of green areas and Beirut city provides 0.4 square meters of green spaces for every person in which the standard level is more than 60 times this proportion. Moreover, a huge area is lost by the presence of a dead element that passes in through the city, the Beirut River is one of the forgotten rivers around the world. Beirut River plays a role in fragmenting Beirut city due to the absence of any ecosystem along the strip. Moreover, the quantity of water during late summer and before winter is actually null, with a high pollution ratio from different sources with dead and forgotten spaces without any care of the river or its surrounding shores. The previous findings emphasized the importance of creating cultural activities on the river’s shores, which may draw a distinctive image for the city. The reviving process may consist of hydrological and ecosystem infrastructures in addition to solving pollutants and community treatment. The most important element of this process is the cultural promenade. The cultural promenade is a storytelling trip reflecting social, economic, touristic levels and history of the city by passing through continues sustainable green path along the river and connecting different facilities, buildings, and spaces to rebuild the visual image and identity of the city.

Riverine Learning Park

Marikina River is the town’s main waterway. During its heyday, it was the picnic ground of the town folks who held fiestas in the vicinity of the river. But some four decades ago, the river was all filth and stench due to uncontrolled encroachment and indiscriminate disposal of both domestic and industrial wastes causing the deterioration of its water quality (Fernando, 1994). Borje et.al. (2004c) writes that the river merely served as a dumping area and no one ever dared to go near it.

oct. 2020 - july. 2021

Ur ban R iver Re h abilitation: A cas e study in Ma r ik in a City, Ph ilippines Carlyne, Z.Y. & Edsel, E. S. (2008)

The ‘Save the Marikina River’ Program was then conceptualized and implemented to revive by rehabilitation the Marikina River and its environs and, develop it as the city’s biggest recreational and sports area.

The rehabilitation work included free-flowing water, less flooded areas and with river park amenities such as an 11-km jogging/ biking lane, skating rink, tree planting pockets, picnic and play grounds, sports amenities like baseball field and basketball court, a Youth Camp, a Chinese Pagoda, a Roman Garden, a gazebo, a riverboat, floating stages, amphitheater and a Senior Citizens’ Lifestyle Center (Borje et.al., 2004c). The task of rehabilitating involved relocating riverbank communities, addressing flooding problems and conducting dredging operations before the river had to be developed into a recreational park. However, water quality remains to be a big problem and domestic sources account for much of the pollution loading according to an article in Manila Water (2007) so then the city turns toward abating water pollution and improving the river’s water quality via the introduction of Wastewater Treatment Plants. With the support of new policy and river cleaning project, phase 2 of the revitalization project is hence focussed on information and education campaign to spread out the important of river protection.

L I T E R AT U R E

05 - Building Programming

The people have to touch and smell the water. It is hoped that this experience and exposure will galvanize them to muster enough political pressure for the government and the rest to act and conserve the river (Fernando 1994).

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L ITERAT URE

05 - Building Programming

Urban river in context Mohamad, Z.R., Mohammad, H.W., Mohamad, A.I. & Sharyzee, M.S., 2017. The urban river and the historical riverfront townscape of Kuala Lumpur.

Nearly all major cities in Malaysia lack contextual integration of river and townscape (Latip et al, 2011; Shamsuddin et al, 2013), with certain infrastructure development blocking physical and visual access altogether to the riverfront. A sad fact indeed, considering many early Malay peninsular towns grew up along rivers, river valleys or coastal areas with 11 out of 13 state capitals in Malaysia having great proximity by river or seafronts (Shamsuddin et all 2013, Andaya & Andaya, 2016). The lack of contextual integration continues to threaten the fabric of our historic townscape because the river, the place where all the cities began, is in a state of perpetual decline. Latip asserts that the success of waterfront regenerations are not because of the design end product, but rather, the incremental, balanced and comprehensive development process involving communities

(Latip et al, 2010). From the study carried out, walkability is the factor to consider to make cities better integrated. To learn from the failure of River of Life project, the first goal is to establish a vision of a contextually-integrated river and mosque as genius loci in a walkable, heritage riverfront townscape for everyone. Secondly, to increase legibility factor of river to the mosque and strengthen its centre of meaning with river presence. Thirdly, to establish the river as a living element of townscape and a legitimate setting for activities. Fourthly, to create comfortable walking environment throughout the entire townscape; and finally to create unique focus areas around the river and unify them with the interconnectivity of the river as both a barrier and a seam.

P RECED EN T ST U DY

05 - Building Programming

11th Street Bridge Park, USA by OMA The first case study is 11th street bridge park by OMA. OMA proposed recreational space integrated with education centre and public health facilities in a bridge to connect the long-divided city. The bridge serves diverse users with different activities, provide views towards the old town and capitol, and bring water feature and topographic landscape up to the bridge.

foster civic and local uses Programme/ Facility: Encouraging physical activity while building social capital, the project puts in place a bridge structure with providing innovative approach to recreation, education centre, public health, and equitable development at varying scales

Location: Washington, DC Design Intention: creating “a communal gathering place to unite a long-divided city” that will increase community connectivity and create welcoming and vibrant spaces that enhance the user experience and

THE BETWEEN

ARC5003 & ARC5004

oct. 2020 - july. 2021

P R EC E D E N T ST U DY

05 - Building Programming

Marina Barrage, Singapore by Architects team 3 Marina Barrage is located at the mouth of marina bay. It had been designed as part of spore national climate change strategy to solve water resources and sea-level raising issues. The proposed program integrated infrastructure and public space, while educate public by having environmental exhibition as well. Location: The mouth of Marina Bay Client: PUB Singapore National Water Agency Neighbourhood: City center, beside Garden by the Bay Design Intention: Part of Singapore’s National Climate Change strategy to solve sea-level raising and water resource scarcity issue. Programme/ Facility: Water Supply – new source of national water supply Flood Control – 9 crest gates act as tidal barrier Lifestyle Attraction – environment exhibition and green roof open space for public use To refer: Interesting typology that serve as infrastructure and public space with diversity programmes; it solve national water issues while educate the people as well.

Riverine Learning Park

PREC ED EN T STU DY

05 - Building Programming

River Square: Water Purification SkyScrapper, India by Kang, Kim, Yun, Lee River Square is a competition project that serve water purification skyscraper in India. River is a significant culture belief to Hinduism, however the river is highly polluted. The skyscrapers hence design to integrate and simulate rivers as a way to supply river resources, especially clean water to the people.

Design Intention: Rivers are significant in Hindu’s daily life, however, India’s river is highly polluted with the lack of sewage treatment facilities. The skyscrapers integrate and simulate rivers as a way to build a water infrastructure in India. Programme/ Facility: The building cleans water came from the outside, fills in water from inside, and provides drinking water outside gradually. Water transported externally to each village is transferred via the units, and pipes and units form a wide network throughout the country. Ultimately, the project aims to increase the Indian’s water rights through water infrastructure.

THE BETWEEN

ARC5003 & ARC5004

oct. 2020 - july. 2021

P RECED EN T STUDY

05 - Building Programming

Solrødgård Water Treatment Plant, Denmark by Henning Larsen Solrødgård Water Treatment Plant integrate recreational space and public utilities, while visitors can gain a natural, first-hand exposure to the cycle of natural resources within the community. It hence educate the public and extends a critical conversation on the resource scarcity. Owner: Hillerød Utility Design Intention: The Solrødgård Climate and Environment Park seeks to shine a brighter spotlight on the global challenge of sustainable resource use. The park aims to open community dialogue on resource use and climate awareness by creating public appeal within a municipal infrastructure. To refer: The water treatment plant is hidden from the surrounding landscape, visitors can peer through skylights on the roof and central glass facades into the filtration facilities.

Riverine Learning Park

PREC ED EN T STU DY

05 - Building Programming

House of Water, Denmark by Tredje Natur By integrating with water management technology, House of Water that located in Copenhagen’s harbour, create landscape of seven unique meeting venues folds around the reservoir support diversity human activities and shared water knowledge to the people via their encounters with water and architecture. Design Approach: Landscape wrapped around a central water reservoir symbolizing a drop of fresh water in a sea of salt – thereby making visible how clean water is both a scarce and valuable resource. To refer: 7 waterscape room for visitors to experience water thru sensory phenomena about Water Resources, Urban Water, Industrial Water Efficiency, Water Supply, Waste Water & Water Technology

THE BETWEEN

ARC5003 & ARC5004

P RECED EN T STUDY

05 - Building Programming

Filtration, North Pacific gyre by Honglin Li Filtration contains several ‘material recovery facilities (MRF)’ and ‘water treatment plants (WTP)’. These mechanisms would make the entire power plant self-sufficient while working to recycle the ‘floating garbage continent’ Design Intention: Provides a sustainable and even regenerative solution to floating waste, as well as a second chance to reconstruct the relationship between nature and human beings. To refer: The greywater to clean water process and water circulation throughout the vertical water treatment plants

oct. 2020 - july. 2021

Riverine Learning Park

oct. 2020 - july. 2021

PR O G RA M M E

05 - Building Programming

To harmonise the community and their mother river, the best clue is through cultural aspect that local involve the most. People are paradoxically isolated from one another but united in common cause, public area that everyone share is the key program of the proposal. the program will use IN BETWEEN as design generator to have a mix of programs on levels that create meeting and gathering spaces. The idea is to create a communal celebrating space to unite the divided city with a green-blue space crossing Penang River. Recreational programs will be the main space in the project, which integrate with vertical purification programs that treat the forgotten and polluted river water and support water-based programmes and also channel to schools and community services around. To revive human -river relationship, the long term method is to provide river learning programs that let people experience significant of river and educate about how we can do to save the river.

THE BETWEEN

ARC5003 & ARC5004

P R OG RA M M E

05 - Building Programming

oct. 2020 - july. 2021

Riverine Learning Park

oct. 2020 - july. 2021

P R OJ ECT COLLABOR ATORS

Collaborators 05 - Building Programming

Government Sectors

Local NGOs

Local Community

Students

TARGET GROUP As community is the most significant element in impacting urban rivers, the project will be a collaboration work by government and NGOs, that focus on local community groups, students and public, to spread out the influence.

Public

Target Group 67

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I N B ETWEEN 06 - Design Generator

The propose architecture aims to be a medium between city and river, that celebrating the humanriver conversation. Liminal state is an in-between space which at the same time connects and separates the subject and object. A threshold between there and here is the border itself, but this border is not sharp and rigid on the contrary it is ambiguous and active. ‘In Between’ is advocate by Architect Sou Fujimoto, that designs liminal spaces

between indoor and outdoor, public and private, which provides people encounters with nature, urban space, built environment and with others. Human has an instinctive, genetically determined need to deeply affiliate with natural setting and lifeforms. I see the potential of the architecture theory as there is a transition, waiting, not knowing space between the relationship of human with human or with nature.

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The questions to ask are:

What happen when people meet river? What happen when people meet the separated community? How to introduce or create an encounter space for the meet?

IN BE TWE EN 06 - Design Generator

THE BETWEEN

ARC5003 & ARC5004

oct. 2020 - july. 2021

From river to the sea

In Between

06 - Design Generator

Everyday life consists of encounters happen at different times. People who experience the everyday life -consciously or unconsciously- become the part of these encounters. Just like river flows, river water transition happened when river flows from top to the estuary. Its water properties change from freshwater to brackish water to salt water. Same to the transition of fisherman’s journey back from the fish catching, from the sea to the river, they step from boat to timber deck, then to their homes. All of these activities have their transition space that create different experience and affected their relationship. At the same time, the encounter space is also important in bridging people to the deeper relationship from man-build to the nature.

Riverine Learning Park

oct. 2020 - july. 2021

In Between The propose ‘in between’ space between river and the village will be achieve by layering as per what Musashino Library achieved, there is space behind and behind and behind, create an infinite growing architecture that has endless combination of freely walk path. The almost hidden but slightly shown spaces make people move forward to find out what is happening and invite people to walk around. This strategy will help in creating an introduction path for the people to meet and discover the river by walking deep into it.

06 - Design Generator

exture on riverside The journey proposal will achieve translucent and

transparent by using communities-related materials, like water, unwanted fishing net, scrapped boat and also site texture to achieve the blending with context.

shino Art UniversitySite Museum Library / Sou Fujimoto texture on & riverside journey Site texture on riverside journey

Serpentine Pavilion / Sou Fujimoto

Musashino Art University Museum & Library / Sou Fujimoto

Serpentine Pavilion / Sou Fujimoto

Musashino Art University Museum & Library / Sou Fujimoto

Serpent

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‘IN BETWEEN ’ D I AGR AM

06 - Design Generator

The exploration on ‘in between’ possibilities by using geometry to assemble simple diagrams. Few architectures with ‘in between’ concept by Sou Fujimoto had also been translate into diagrams.

N House

Serpentine Pavilion

Musashino Art University Museum & Library

Design Exploration 06 - Design Generator Throughout the design development, some massing modeling that connecting to the river and both side of lands have been explored, to aid the design exploration.

DE S I G N EX P LORATION 06 - Design Generator

D E S IGN E X PLO R ATIO N 06 - Design Generator

I DE A D EV ELOP MENT 06 - Design Generator

As river and communities are sustaining each other in the ecosystem, I have decided to translate their relationship into this diagram and further develop with hierarchy of space, welcoming entrance and at the same time balancing them. The most important space is the learning space and recreation area will be the attraction to gather people on the river, while purification system to support proposed activities. Starts from the expand of existing circulation, the diagram try to find out the encounter space and transition space along the journey.

Riverine Learning Park

oct. 2020 - july. 2021

PA RTI DI AG R AM 06 - Design Generator

These are some parti diagram for the plan and section, to explore the 3d configuration of spaces with having in between concept and site contextual responses in mind. The proposal will be using idea of mixing shapes and sizes, hidden and encouraging path, inviting entrances and views, minimize impact to river, transition, in & on river, having connecting path, solid & void and layering.

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BUBBLE D I AG RA M

06 - Design Generator

So from this, I started to sketch out the space inside. The planning is to make people start from their comfortable activities, passing through transition space to learn and appreciate the river, then celebrate the river together.

Riverine Learning Park

M A NI FESTATION

oct. 2020 - july. 2021

THE BETWEEN

07 - Manifestation

‘I NTO’ SITE Schematic Design The diagram has then been put into site and rearrange to respond to the context. To respond more to the context, which is soft and fluid, I have then translated these lines with my site visit experience.

Riverine Learning Park

oct. 2020 - july. 2021

WAVES - FLUID -RIPPLES 07 - Manifestation

Waves created by moving boats expands to the river surface and made boats that stopped at riverside rise up and down. The ripples idea come from the water waves experience. To

gather all surrounding community, a round will then place at the most sight catching spot, that also create ripples to integrate and influence the community.

MASSING M OD EL

07 - Manifestation From that, I started to do conceptual model, with layering and in between concept. Then I tried to get space configuration from the shadows.

Massing Model 07 - Manifestation

M AS SI NG MODEL

07 - Manifestation

Bring city to the river.

Riverine Learning Park

oct. 2020 - july. 2021

MASSI NG MO DEL

07 - Manifestation

Bring water to the people.

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07 - Manifestation As the riverine learning park aims to revive the

ATTRACTION

Penang River and its social significant, learn on the journey will be the strategy to educate people in the park. Ground level will be the most significant place that maximize the encounter of people with riverine activities, while conveying message on the significant of river by having various water-related activities.

Riverine Learning Park

oct. 2020 - july. 2021

GROUND FLOOR SCALE 1:1500

E N T R A N C E S T A T07 E-M ENT Manifestation There are five entrances connecting to the architecture, the first entrance is from the main access located at Lebuh Sungai Pinang 7. Visitors will be first welcome by some café and kiosk for the working-class community. The cafes are semi-open space, that allowing free entrances from green park and the entrance statement make a frame that led to older city view. A kayak platform is located at the water level, which could be access from the central ring and bicycle resting stop.

07 - Manifestation

CENTER - IN BE TWE EN

Second access is located at the end of the bridge, integrating with the existing neighbourhood park at Lintang Macallum 1. A market is place at the side of fisherman pier, to encourage direct buying from fisherman to support their better living. Connecting to the existing bicycle path, the third and forth entrance allowing bicycles to pass through with two bicycle rest and refitting stops to support cyclist’s visit.

THE BETWEEN

NEIGHBOUR

07 - Manifestation

The 5th entrance is from the neighbourhood flat, Flat Desa Pinang. A resident- friendly path have been created to allow direct access to encourage their visitation. Following the covered water flow, people will reach to a riverine swimming pool, like an infinity pool, it will bring back the feeling of swimming in the river. To encourage people to have close contact with river, the step to amphitheater is also the way to the river, which is connecting ground level and water level. As there is a local performance group that dance the story of Penang River, the theatre will also act as a stage for them to spread out the historical and cultural message of the river.

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07 - Manifestation

PLAY & LEARN

From the ground there are lifts, ramps and escalators connect the way to Level 1, a welcoming large escalator which hinting visitors there are something to explore on the upper levels lead people to the showcase of filtering sand process. On the top of the bio terrace, there is wet playscape for people to enjoy getting wet.

FIRST FLOOR SCALE 1:1500

Riverine Learning Park

07 - Manifestation

L E A RN W HI L E WALKING

There are some activities and learning areas beside the showcase tank, to encourage learning even when people pass by. On the left part of the plan, there is a hardscape park for people to do their sport and leisure.

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SECOND FLOOR SCALE 1:1500

07 - Manifestation

RIVER & CITY

Walls are protruded out in the layout, to create layering feel, separating different zoning without create enclose rooms. Following water path and the main circulation, people will come to the second showcase space. After the dissolved air floatation learning and activities area, there is another escalator that showing continuing learning path. On the top of wet playscape, there is rest and viewing deck that capturing the river, sea, city views. People can also look down to the bio terraces. On the side of the central, a meeting area can be use as community activities, and river library.

Riverine Learning Park

oct. 2020 - july. 2021

07 - Manifestation

CO N V ERS ATI ON WITH THE PEOPL E

A pre-function area located before the seminar rooms. When there are river related conference or update on river matters, the space will act as a bridge for government or expert to reach to public. Also, it have been designed to face towards Jln Lim Chong Eu, with watery façade, to attract public interest.

THE BETWEEN

ARC5003 & ARC5004

oct. 2020 - july. 2021

THIRD FLOOR SCALE 1:1500

THE EYE & THE BRAIN 07 - Manifestation

A walk-through oil-water separator tank will be open for public to visit on the third floor, attach with experiment play lab and discussion area. Besides, management teams have been mainly place at this level, so they can view and guard most of the spaces when they coming up, and by having the office is facing the river, they can get to know the river condition time by time. Expect oil-water separator tank, another 3 of the purification tanks’ workspace is located at this level, to easier the control and maintenance.

Riverine Learning Park

oct. 2020 - july. 2021

THE EYE & THE BRAIN 07 - Manifestation The top most floor is design to provide lawn and public space for the people to connect to nature, it is also the green roof for the spaces below.

FORTH FLOOR SCALE 1:1500

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07 - Manifestation

V E RTI CA L P URIF IC ATION The top level learning is about waste screening process. Public will pass through the tank and witness the polluted extract that are polluted our river. Beside it, the vertical turbine water inlet is also expose to view. There will be discussion area and program space for learning.

Riverine Learning Park

Covered water flows on every floor are also path indicators, they replace pipes that channel between tank and tank, let people experience having water flows on top and on the ground.

Beside enjoying river and sea view, there are also information booth on the bridge. The information booth will be using context materials included steel mesh and metal panel that without blocking the conversation to river.

THE BETWEEN

SOUTH-NORTH SECTION 07 - Manifestation

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Riverine Learning Park

Section shows the cut through on bio terraces and the bridge that is connecting two divided lands. The rest and viewing bridge will be place on 4m high from water level, to encourage integrate and interact of two communities, and not blocking artisanal boats to pass by.

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Section showing the relationship of layering spaces, and escalator act as main vertical circulation between floors. Blue lines indicates water flows and purification process. The idea is to have horizontal plans that volume up the recreational areas, fill with both green and blue activities in terrain. While purification components will be place vertically, and run as a cycle from Penang river to the people. At the same time, learning areas are place between the horizontal and vertical plates, showcasing the process of treating water throughout the levels and learn from each part of the purification process. Steel mesh which is located at parts of the wall in the building allows visibility into the building whilst still providing the sense of boundary of the space. this in return creates the layering effect which i wanted to emphasize in the project. it is used at the learning areas of the project whereby people are able to look into the space. 07 - Manifestation

E AST-W EST SECTION

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Voids have been open to create interaction vertically. The structure used for the proposal is using reinforced concrete columns and beams with cantilevered slabs to achieve the different curves of the building. Structural glass is used for the purification to achieve 360 degree visibility to the users. tempered glass is used for walkways that consist of water to allow visitors to have the feeling of walking on water. Beside escalators, covered water flows on every floor are also path indicators. To further emphasize the feeling of water, the ceiling of the walkway above that has water is encased with tempered glass, which replaced pipe that channel between tank and tank, to allow the users to have the feeling of walking in water. Located near rivers are usually trees, leftover chunks of logs, bits and pieces of twigs and branches. these are represented as timber panelling for the recreation to achieve the sense of being back in nature to the proposal. Bricks which represent earthinest to the building is used on walls whereby the river there would be mud or sand before entering the water, for the proposal, it is used on the walls to represent it to have the connection of the journey before entering the water. and it is used at the recreational areas to have the sense of relaxing and picnic to the space. The concave roof collects water and sprinkle to the bio-purification terraces, it acts as a scenery with educational value. After the water flow through bio process, it will be store at the underground tank.

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Riverine Learning Park

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People will see purified water first on the ground floor, and they will see less purified water and then polluted water when they move upwards and move deeper, to give most impact lesson to the people. Purified water will then serve the building use, and distribute to neighbourhood schools and community area. 07 - Manifestation

WAT ER CYCLE

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1.4m (r) x 18m (H) Turbine Pump

The purification system had design vertically, with exploration of giving different experience when showcase to the people, with the support of river cleaning system on river surface, it helps to filter out solid waste in the river, without omitting boats to pass by. 07 - Manifestation

F I LT R ATI ON

Structural Glass Wall

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5m (r) x 22m (H) Purification Tanks

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Water Supply to Neighborhood Purified Water : 16000ml / hr ;

288000ml / day (18 hrs)

The Between Riverine Learning Park : 30000ml / day (Building area : 3000ml with water usage 1000ml / 100ml) Water supply to neighborhood : 258000ml => support 70% of neighbourhood community facilities water supply

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Riverine Learning Park

VIE W F R O M PENANG R IVER 07 - Manifestation

The learning park maximizing passive ventilation, blurring the boundary between indoor and outdoor, manmade and nature.

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07 - Manifestation

F LOWS

Diagram shows pedestrian flow throughout the building. Beside visitation to this learning park, cultural river cruise is also proposed to connect hidden riverine historical and cultural spots on the waterway, from the upper stream to the ocean. Public will expose to P Ramlee house, Suffolk house, flea market, charcoal and soy sauce factory along the route.

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Cultural River Cruise Route

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Diagram shows vertical circulation included ramps, escalators, stairs and lifts. And after my presentation, I will play an animation. You may also scan the code here to view on your phone for better quality.

C I R CULATI ON 07 - Manifestation

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VIEW FROM THE SEA 07 - Manifestation

The learning park maximizing passive ventilation, blurring the boundary between indoor and outdoor, manmade and nature.

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ZONING

07 - Manifestation

SCAN HERE FOR ANIMATION.

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CON CLUSION This thesis provides architecture intervention that act as a catalyst to recelebrate urban river and reconnect harmony relationship between human and river. The outcome shall be significant as an approach for future development in connecting land and water, human and river through reimagine the ‘in between’ space for the encounter, reconnect and inspire.

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HUMAN-RIVER HARMONY

08 - Conclusion

The project integrates recreational, learning and purification to bring city to the river while delivering water to the people. It works more holistically to ensure a clear shift towards a deeper human-river relationship. However, the current classification of Penang River’s water imposes a limitation on direct contact with the river. While local council and non-governmental organisations work to improve water quality, architects must work together to make some changes that redefine the river significance.

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Riverine Learning Park

Even through realising the idea would not return us to the good old day when the river was yet to be forgotten. But it would transform the way people think and act towards Penang River, thereby redefining river’s signifant and celebrating the river.

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A PPEN D IX

Current purification system that referred 09 - Appendix

River Cleaning System The river cleaning system is made up of a series of floating devices, positioned diagonally on the course of the river; thus positioned, they allow to intercept plastic waste and transport it to the river bank, in a special storage area. They lift the waste surface debris from the river, which result in reduction of water pollution, increase water quality and water health.

Vertical Industrial Turbine Pump Vertical turbine pumps are centrifugal pumps specially designed to move water vertically, as well as raw water intake. The pump end consists of at least one rotating impeller attached to shaft that direcrs the river water into a diffuser casing. The water then enters the diffuser bowl, passes through a vertical column pipe as it rises up toward the surface.

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Vertical Gravity Oil-Water Separator It designed to enhance the naturally occurring separation between oil, grease, hydrocarbons and water and work based on the density difference between oil, suspended solids and water. When the oily wastewater passes through the column, the free oil and low density suspended solids are trapped on the sides of the central column while the treated water flows out the other side. Denser solids usually settle at the bottom and the oil and lighter solids float to the topis, the oil then skimmed off from the tank and non-hazardous water can be transferred out.

Dissolved Air Flotation It is a water treatment process that clarifies wastewaters by the removal of suspended matter such as oil or solids. The removal is achieved by dissolving air in the water or wastewater under pressure and then releasing the air at atmospheric pressure in a flotation tank basin. The released air forms tiny bubbles which adhere to the suspended matter causing the suspended matter to float to the surface of the water where it may then be removed by a skimming device.

Sand Filter Sand filter makes use of sand to filter water. The water to be purified slowly sinks through the sand of the sand filter, leaving the dirt particles, included suspended matter, floating and sinkable particles from the water behind in the fine pores of the sand or gravel.

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Disinfection Tank Water disinfection means the removal, deactivation or killing of pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms are destroyed or deactivated, resulting in termination of growth and reproduction. A disinfectant should prevent pathogenic microorganisms from growing in the plumbing after disinfection, causing the water te be recontaminated.

Bio-Purification Terraces Terraced wetlands are inspired by the local farming techniques that catch and retain water and transform steep slopes into productive fields. Their positions, forms and depths were based on geographic information and a water flow analysis. Native vegetation was planted to establish associations adapted to the various water and soil conditions. These terraced habitats slow the flow of water and speed nutrient removal from the water by microorganism and plant species, which concentrate and convey water while removing debris and pollution particles.

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B O MB A R EQ U I R E ME NT P LA N S

09 - Appendix

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FIRST FLOOR PLAN 1:1000

B O MB A R EQ U I R E ME NT P L ANS

09 - Appendix

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SECOND FLOOR PLAN 1:1000

B O MB A R EQ U I R E ME NT P L ANS

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THIRD FLOOR PLAN 1:1000

B O MB A R EQ U I R E ME NT P L ANS

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FORTH FLOOR PLAN 1:1000

B O MB A R EQ U I R E ME NT P L ANS

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WAT E R F LOW C H ART 09 - Appendix

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ARC5003-1 Architecture Thesis Studio 1 TEOH XIN YIN GS53184

T HE BE T W E E N :

Ri ve r ine Le arning Pa rk