Road Map - Circular Economy

A Road Map for the Circular Economy.

“CIRCULAR ECONOMY” AND CITIES. PROJECT MANAGEMENT – KHARKIV 2021

TEAM MEMBERS

YAKUB MUHAMMED IBIWOYE Administrator/ Team Leader

OLEKSII YURCHENKO - Researcher

MAKSIM KOSMATENKO - Data/Information Analyst

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research project is to emphasize an exploratory knowledge about the Circular economy functionalities in different cities towards a Sustainable economy. As a case study, cities such as Kyiv – Ukraine and Lagos state, Ogun state – Nigeria as been the foresight on this research work.

Biogas is a renewable energy source. Biogas is produced from various organic sources, mainly but not only wastes, such as livestock (chicken, pig, cattle farms) wastes (dung and manure), agricultural wastes, agricultural products especially grown to produce biogas, silage, industrial organic waste, sewage and landfills (waste deposits of main municipalities).

The waste substrate to be used for biogas production is a breakdown of organic matters in the absence of oxygen; anaerobic organisms cause anaerobic digestion of organic matters, which results in the production of gas, primarily methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Biogas itself is mainly used to produce electricity, heat, and after further refining, as a substitute for natural gas (in the form of bio-methane). Organic fertilizers are a possible by-product of biogas plants.

Biogas plants are often set up as individual plants of agricultural establishments, such as poultry farms, cereals, etc. There are currently about 10 larger electricity-producing biogas plants in Ukraine, with a total installed capacity of 35 MW Megawatt (end of 2016) and some others in the second phase.

As a case study, Nigeria is going through rapid development from the Linear economy into the Circular economy and a transformation into Sustainable development. Turning waste into renewable products, attracting foreign investors, business opportunities, bilateral and multilateral cooperation initiatives, financial institution collaborations. Nigeria Waste management and the Circular economy sector concentrate majorly on plastic waste, metals, woods, vegetables, glass, textile, organic materials. The waste collections, renewal processes towards a Sustainable economy, thereby creating a greener environmental city. Nigeria repurposing plastic waste into chemicals is one of the local ways of improving a Circular economy in a state like Lagos.

From this research project, we hope to explore the Circular economy/cities into Sustainable development.

THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY: PROBLEMS AND SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS Our current economic model known as a linear economy - is not sustainable. This is the warning we hear from scientists, economists and other thought leaders who describe the linear model as a wasteful take-makeconsume-dispose system, one that damages natural resources and the environment, generates excessive volumes of waste and dumps valuable materials into landfills. By comparison, the grand vision of a circular economy depicts a more resilient and sustainable model which yields responsible use and reuse of resources and raw materials, protection of the environment, reduced greenhouse gas emissions and innovation in waste management.

Threatening signs from the linear economy resources and raw materials, such as; food and water, trash and waste, toxic emissions, etc.

WASTE GENERATION BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY & HOUSEHOLDS, EU, 2016 (%)

The Circular Economy Solutions Plan aiming to “Maintain the value of products, materials and resources for the longest possible time in order to develop a sustainable economy.” Through circular economy strategies, countries and cities are taking actions in waste management intensives, such as; "food waste, eco-design, organic fertilizers, guarantees for consumer goods, and innovation and investments”. To facilitate the transition to a circular economy, smart city strategies may encompass: • Ecological public procurement policies • Local production, repair and reuse initiatives • Eco-design principles in the built environment • Bio-intensive urban farming • Energy generation from biomass • Innovation in water and waste management systems • Infrastructure solutions for e-mobility and low-energy districts.

TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY

Funding options, revenue generations and business opportunities

Investors Sustainability The EBRD provided a senior loan of €25 million to PJSC “Myronivsky Hlibo product” (MHP), a London Stock Exchange listed Ukrainian producer of poultry meat, grain and fodder. The loan will be used to construct and put into operation a 10 MW biogas plant in the town of Ladyzhyn, Vinnytsia region. The biogas plant will utilize chicken manure and other agricultural residues from MHP’s poultry and grain operations.

By financing this project, the EBRD is helping MHP implement its long term strategy to develop “green energy” capacity, become self-sufficient energy-wise, reduce its environmental footprint and manage waste.

This will be the second biogas plant for MHP and the largest biogas facility in Ukraine to date.

The project will benefit from a $358,000 grant available under the EBRD’s Finance and Technology Transfer Centre for Climate Change (FINTECC) programme. It will support improvements in the technology of biogas production and the implementation of energy management system.

It is expected that once operational the biogas plant will reduce MHP GHG emissions by 90,000 tones of CO2 equivalent per year.

Technical cooperation funds for the project were provided by the EU Neighborhood Investment Facility (NIF) and the Japan-EBRD Technical Cooperation Fund.

The EBRD’s FINTECC programme is designed to transfer technology in the area of climate change mitigation and adaptation and was launched in Ukraine in February 2016. The three-year FINTECC programme is supported by $7 million of grant funding from the GEF and a €4 million grant from the EU’s NIF. The EBRD is the largest international financial investor in Ukraine. To date, the Bank has made a cumulative commitment of almost €11.6 billion through 383 projects since the start of its operations in the country in 1993.

Funding options, revenue generations and business opportunities Investors Sustainability To accommodate its growing operations and number of employees, the world’s leading chemical company, BASF, has recently opened a new regional headquarters for West Africa, situated in Lagos, Nigeria.

BASF began doing business on the African continent about 90 years ago focusing on the key industries of construction, textiles, automotive, agriculture, plastics, and healthcare sectors. The expansion of the existing office and the construction chemical plant in Nigeria will now increase BASF’s footprint on the continent and will nurture partnerships and innovation geared towards sustainable growth.

We want to achieve net zero emissions by 2050 with our ambitious carbon management. In addition, we have set ourselves the target of significantly increasing sales of products that make a substantial sustainability contribution in the value chain (Accelerator products) to €22 billion by 2025. A particular focus is the circular economy. For instance, we want to increase the use of recycled raw materials in production, close materials cycles with innovations and develop new, circular business models.

Product Results Throughout this project research, we have been able to gather various results from countries/cities Circular economy functionalities. Below are some of the end products from the Circular economy sustainable developments; Kyiv – Ukraine biogas complex production of Agro-industrial cluster with electricity bioenergy, cereal cultivation, sunflower protein and feed production, Incubation, broiler breeding from bio-waste plants.

Product Results Lagos State, Ogun state – Nigeria waste Circular economy system: Waste management in Nigeria has witnessed different chain values and end products achievements through various collaborations within bilateral multilateral intensives, local and foreign investors e.g. From Netherland, Germany, India, Spain, U.S.A, etc. Recycling companies from various countries and becoming a source for business opportunities most especially in Nigeria. Producing different results such as; Chemicals, rPET flakes, matrasses, road fill constructions, paper recycling, etc.

Project tools and Work progress