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T H E O L D E ST C O L L E G E DA I LY · FO U N D E D 1 8 7 8

NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · TUESDAY, APRIL 2, 2013 · VOL. CXXXV, NO. 112 · yaledailynews.com

MORNING EVENING

WINDY CLEAR

46 27

CROSS CAMPUS The joke’s on you. Yalies

FACEBOOK STUDY CALLS OUT AGEISM ON SITE

DINING

GIAMATTI

HWT CREW

Athletes weigh expanded meal offerings over spring break

‘HAMLET’ ACTOR DISCUSSES FILM, THEATER

In season opener, Bulldogs fall to Brown in three of four races

PAGE 6–7 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

PAGE 3 NEWS

PAGE 5 CULTURE

PAGE 12 SPORTS

Legislature reaches gun compromise

CT employment stagnates UNEMPLOYMENT RATE FEBRUARY 2013

across campus exercised their pranking muscles yesterday in celebration of April Fools’ Day. Some pranksters strung red and yellow banners reading “Going out of business” and “Everything 75% off” from Sterling Memorial Library, while Branford Master Elizabeth Bradley MPH ’95 GRD ’96 told her students in a Monday email that she would retire at the end of the year and merge Branford with JE to form either “Branward” or “Jonathan Bran.” Of course, Bradley assured students that the God Quad will continue to exist.

BY MICHELLE HACKMAN AND MATTHEW LLOYD-THOMAS STAFF REPORTERS

two of the state’s 10 economic “supersectors,” government and manufacturing, registered gains last month, adding 900 and 400 jobs, respectively. The gains in government were at the local and federal levels, while durable goods led manufacturing’s upward movement. In an email to the News, Juliet Manalan, a press secretary for Gov. Dannel Malloy, shifted focus from February’s job losses to recently revised employment figures that suggest Connecticut added 10,000 private sector jobs in 2012. Mana-

Over three months after a gunman killed 26 at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn., state legislators announced a bipartisan compromise Monday on new gun restrictions. The compromise, which State Senate Majority Leader Martin Looney called the most comprehensive in the nation, comes after months of contentious negotiations and is likely to be voted on this week. It includes new bans on the sale or purchase of high capacity magazines and certain semi-automatic assault weapons, a registry for frequent weapons offenders, universal background checks and a requirement of a gun permit to buy ammunition. To the disappointment of gun-control advocates, however, the deal includes a “grandfather” clause, allowing those already in possession of the newly banned assault weapons or magazines capable of holding more than 10 rounds to keep them, provided they submit to a registration process. “Some of the suggestions are good, and some we were disappointed a little bit — especially on the magazines. We wanted them to be eliminated totally,” Lt. Gov. Nancy Wyman told the News Monday. “But a lot of the bill is good.” The compromise would expand the state’s existing assault weapons ban from 60 specific weapons to over 160, including the Bushmaster AR-15 used by Adam Lanza in the December shooting, in addition to altering the definition of an assault weapon. Under the new ban, weapons with only one, rather than two, of the military characteristics specified in the law would be illegal to buy or sell. Should the legislation be signed into law,

SEE UNEMPLOYMENT PAGE 4

SEE NEWTOWN PAGE 4

The News jokes too. Did you

read Cross Campus yesterday? Confused? Don’t worry. Like much of Yale, the News celebrates April Fools’ too.

Unrest in Cambridge? As if

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Of the two mayoral candidates participating in the New Haven Democracy Fund, only one has raked in the requisite donations to start receiving public financing from the city. That candidate is Ward 10 Alderman Justin Elicker FES ’10 SOM

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BY ISAAC STANLEY-BECKER STAFF REPORTER

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SEE UNIVERSIA PAGE 8

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ONLINE y MORE cc.yaledailynews.com

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crosscampus@yaledailynews.com

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Submit tips to Cross Campus

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1992 The Yale Admissions Office admits a record number of women and minorities for the class of 1996, the first class expected to have a 50-50 male-to-female ratio.

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THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY

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Obama has announced his intention to nominate Brian Deese LAW ’09 to deputy director of the Office of Management and Budget. Deese is currently the deputy assistant to the president and deputy director of the National Economic Council.

This month, Yale solidified plans to collaborate with an online educational program that operates in Spain, Portugal and Latin America in an effort to extend the University’s global reach. On March 13, President-elect Peter Salovey and Emilio Botìn, president of the online educational network Universia, formed a partnership to foster global education and increase international career opportunities for Yale students. Universia, which is made up of over 1,000 universities serving 10.1 million students and has relationships with universities from 23 different Portuguese- and Spanish-speaking countries, seeks to encourage virtual collaboration among universities across the world. Under the new agreement, Universia will offer translation services into Spanish and Portuguese for Yale Open Courses, work with Yale’s Undergraduate Career Services and Graduate Career Services to provide a new pool of internships, and translate selected articles for Yale Environment 360, an on-campus environment and climate change journal. “Through our alliance with Universia, Yale will gain greatly expanded modes of career development, educational outreach, and communication on environmental issues,” Salovey said in a statement to the Yale community. “This important support reflects the multifaceted nature of our

States d e t ni

ca

Moving up. President Barack

BY JANE DARBY MENTON STAFF REPORTER

Financing a mayoral race America of

column published Friday in The Wall Street Journal, a high school senior sarcastically discussed college rejections by attacking applicants that she wrote could only be admitted after starting fake charities that “provid[e] veterinary services for homeless people’s pets,” taking internships with “precocious-sounding title[s]” and having more diversity than a “saltine cracker.” The piece has garnered national attention and nearly 600 comments as of press time.

Yale partners with Universia

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“To (All) the Colleges that Rejected Me.” In a scathing

Despite a marginal fall in the unemployment rate, Connecticut’s labor market remained lethargic in February. Jobs data, released last week by the Department of Labor, put last month’s unemployment rate at 8 percent, a tenth of a point lower than January’s rate. But the decrease was accompanied by a payroll job loss of 5,700 and the 28th straight month of contraction in the labor force, which shrunk by 7,600. Collectively, the numbers put Connecticut’s unemployment

rate three-tenths of a point higher than the national average, which at 7.7 percent is at its lowest since December 2008. “The data do reflect what is going on in the economy. We have a state that is not growing as rapidly as some of the other states in the country,” said Patrick Flaherty, an economist in the state’s Department of Labor. “There is some real concern that we came out of the recession pretty well, but over the past year we’ve kind of lost some momentum and are now growing but at maybe half the rate that the rest of the country is growing.” The report suggested that only

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He doesn’t bite. In a striking display of cheeky ingenuity, a New Haven police officer successfully frightened two wanted men out of a house on Friday by imitating a barking police dog, according to the New Haven Register. Following a car chase, the two criminals were spotted inside a mostly abandoned house. After the officers threatened to release the canines, which were not actually present, one officer decided to imitate a barking dog instead. It worked, and the suspects surrendered.

BY MATTHEW LLOYD-THOMAS STAFF REPORTER

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things at Harvard weren’t already stressful enough, students can now add one more thing to their list. An online petition calling on Harvard to rescind rapper Tyga’s appearance at Yardfest has already garnered more than 1,700 signatures. The petition accuses Tyga, known for his song “Rack City,” of lyrics that “promote sexism and rape culture.”

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INSIDE THE NEWS

’10, who will be receiving a $9,840 check in matching funds this week, said Democracy Fund Administrator Ken Krayeske. That’s because he was able to raise $17,666 by the Feb. 19 filing deadline. Two days later, on Feb. 21, Connecticut State Rep. Gary HolderWinfield, who is also vying for the mayor’s office, signed a participation affidavit with the Democ-

racy Fund, which limits individual campaign donations to $370 or less in return for a $19,000 grant and matching funds of up to $125,000. Though Krayeske belatedly announced Monday that HolderWinfield would officially be participating in the Fund, he added that the candidate has not yet qualified SEE ELECTION PAGE 8

PAGE 2

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 2, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

OPINION

.COMMENT “It will be a poet who saves the world, not an economist or engineer.”

yaledailynews.com/opinion

'THEANTIYALE' ON 'THE EMPIRICAL KIDS ARE ALRIGHT'

G U E S T C O L U M N I S T TA O TA O H O L M E S

NEWS’

A letter to the letter to the editor

VIEW

T

WARNER TO WOODBRIDGE

Solving science problems Yale wants students to major in the sciences. At our 312-year-old university, known worldwide for excellence in the humanities and social sciences, University President Richard Levin made a conscious choice to expand the scope and strength of the sciences at Yale. Over the past 15 years, Yale has invested over a billion dollars in the sciences. Yale students want to major in science. The Class of 2016 was the first to meet Yale’s recruitment goal of 40 percent science-interested admits per class. Some of those students visited during the new Yale Engineering and Science Weekend. They arrived in New Haven considering a major in the sciences. Yet these same students will likely leave with degrees in Economics, Political Science or History. President-elect Peter Salovey must now turn toward retention. Introductory classes are the Achilles' heels of Yale’s science departments. Students complain that their large lectures are devoid of camaraderie or community, burdened by dull teaching and indecipherable grading. Yale hires professors who will teach undergraduates — this philosophy separates us from countless other research institutions around the country. But a willingness to teach should not be conflated with an ability to teach. Introductory classes must be guided by professors with charisma, creativity and a clear and lucid style — and these popular professors must in turn mentor their colleagues in pedagogy. And science seminars

are too rare. Introductory lectures must be supplemented by smaller courses, where freshmen and sophomore science majors can gain easy access to advisors who can guide them entirety of their academic careers. Science students still search for credit where credit is due. Awarding students only a halfcredit for their work in a rigorous laboratory class discredits the work of those students, and can even discourage them from enrolling in future science courses. And when those students explain transcripts filled with half-credit laboratories that took more work than two fullcredit classes, they may also be unable to explain how they received their grades. Without transparency in grading, especially important given the use of curves in the sciences, students will continue to be scared away before graduation. Science Hill still symbolizes the disconnect students across the disciplines can feel from one another. Distributing classes, regardless of department, more evenly across campus will do much to cultivate academic integration in the Yale student body. The second-class status of the sciences on Yale’s campus need not be an inevitability of our historic strengths. With each of these suggestions, Salovey will show that Yale’s science programs must focus on retention as much as innovation. He will build a foundation for future excellence from the bottom-up, creating a self-perpetuating cycle of scientific improvement.

o the would-be daughter of a Ms. Susan A. Patton, Princeton class of 1977 — Relax your shoulders, stop twirling your hair. I am here to reassure you that your marital prospects are not as grim as your mother has painted them (in last Friday's letter to the editor of the Daily Princetonian). As a female junior at Yale College, I sympathize with your desire to find a husband of suitable pedigree. However, your mother’s words of warning — that you must secure a groom before you graduate — are a touch outdated, and 36 years have altered the sport of matrimony a slight degree. You are lucky to now live in a society where the “virile plains” filled with men as voraciously smart as you stretch well beyond the billiard rooms of even the finest eating club. To begin — your mother, Ms. Patton, claims that you, as a Princeton woman, have “almost priced [yourself] out of the market.” As any economist would tell you, the market is prone to fluctuation, and rest assured, you are not at the top of it. In fact, Forbes ranks your university only sixth in the world, while US News puts you all the way at number nine. There are clearly tens of thousands of women cleverer than you

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SUBMISSIONS

All letters submitted for publication must include the author’s name, phone number and description of Yale University affiliation. Please limit letters to 250 words and guest columns to 750. The Yale Daily News reserves the right to edit letters and columns before publication. E-mail is the preferred method of submission. Direct all letters, columns, artwork and inquiries to: Marissa Medansky and Dan Stein Opinion Editors Yale Daily News opinion@yaledailynews.com

will never again have this concentration of men who are worthy of you.” Trust me — you already do. It’s called Internet on your smartphone. Sadly for your mother, she rouged her lips in the days of the supercomputer. Ms. Patton might be thrilled to know that concentrations of men (requiring proof of suitable pedigree) linger just a WiFi connection away. For example, take a look at the online “Ivy League of Dating” hosted by therightstuff.com. Only those from a group of elite schools may register, and a six-month membership costs a mere $75. If you are averse to online exploration, try out The Ivy Plus Society (TIPS), which invites the “smart and sexy” of 20 select universities to parties across the country. Founded in 2006, it is a place, as one New York Times writer described it, where a potential mate “will understand your allusions … to Sex Week at Yale.” If, my dear Ms. Patton Jr., you are in your fourth year and still single, drop the self-pity and lift up your chin. The illustrious Ivana Trump created a reality show for herself called “Ivana Young Man,” and you can vana young man too. Demi is 15 years Ashton’s senior. If it’s acceptable for Selena to romance Justin, you

can definitely ask out that sophomore in your Vikings class. Also, have you considered the SWUG life? A last offer of advice: Date dumber. “Men regularly marry women who are younger, less intelligent and less educated.” Why shouldn’t you? You ought to at least try it — in the same way you might try sushi, or fried tarantulas. You won’t know how you like it until you do. In the process, you may realize that your preconceived notions of taste quickly change, and that your brand of intelligence is as bland to others and theirs was unpalatable to you. Sweet young Tiger, if you had been my daughter, this is what I would have told you as you unpacked that last box in your freshman dorm room and smilingly handed it to me to go recycle: You should have been a Bulldog. But now that you’re at Princeton, I will tell you this: Go and pursue what you love — whether that turns out to be a dying language, a controversial science or a spouse. TAO TAO HOLMES is a junior in Branford College. Contact her at taotao.holmes@yale.edu .

GUEST COLUMNIST SAM COHEN

Coming out and changing minds I

was disappointed after Sen. Rob Portman, R-Ohio, came out in favor of gay marriage a few weeks ago. But I wasn’t disappointed at Portman or his position — I was disappointed in the liberals who blasted him for citing his personal experience as the reason for his about-face. “Rob Portman and the Politics of Narcissism,” said Slate. “Don’t Give Rob Portman a Free Pass,” read The Huffington Post. I admit I had the same snarky reaction for a moment — my father had supported gay rights before he knew he had a gay son — but I quickly realized that my nastiness was misplaced. What mattered was not that Portman had once held a different position. Rather, what mattered was that the first sitting Republican senator (from a swing state, mind you) was motivated by his love for his son to come out in favor of gay marriage

— and seemed to genuinely regret his former view. A few days later, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton released a video announcing her support for gay marriage. This was not a surprise move, as both her daughter and husband had previously signaled their own support. But look at the words she used: “LGBT Americans are our colleagues, our teachers, our soldiers, our friends, our loved ones. … Like so many others, my personal views have been shaped over time by people I have known and loved.” “By people I have known and loved.” This was precisely the same emotional logic that motivated Portman to come out in favor of marriage equality. Did Clinton express it more eloquently? Yes, she did, but no one really thinks this was a new belief for her. Rob Portman, on the other hand, had a record of not supporting gay rights. This was truly

a change of heart for him, and it was prompted by his son shaking his core beliefs. Of course he was less eloquent and less comfortable expressing such a momentous change. But to me, that makes him more inspiring — he did not state his opinion because of political necessity, he changed his mind because he believed it was the right thing to do. If gay rights are truly human rights, as Clinton so beautifully stated in a speech in Geneva, then gay rights cannot be a partisan issue. Both parties must (and eventually will) adopt gay rights as an obvious part of American society. But that cannot happen if the left pillories every Republican who changes his or her mind. I found the left’s criticism especially disappointing because it stood in such harsh conflict with the words of Harvey Milk, the gay San Francisco city supervisor murdered because of his sexuality.

He said, “Every gay person must come out. As difficult as it is, you must tell your immediate family. You must tell your relatives. … Once they realize that we are indeed their children, that we are indeed everywhere, every myth, every lie, every innuendo will be destroyed once and all.” Harvey Milk was exactly right — one need only look at the opinion polls to see that. Will Portman '14 and every gay American who has struggled to come out of the closet have prompted the titanic shift in public opinion on gay rights. And to criticize those who change their mind because of a close friend or relative does a disservice to the bravery of both coming out and of changing one’s mind. SAM COHEN is a sophomore in Calhoun College. Contact him at samson.cohen@yale.edu .

GUEST COLUMNIST ALEXIS STEELE

Remembering Mitch S

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(those at MIT, for example), who face even fewer men who are “as smart or smarter” than they. If you are unsatisfied with your spousal options at Princeton, have you ever considered a nice man from the virile plains of Harvard or Yale? A Whiffenpoof, perhaps? (I hear some of them may be still be straight.) While your mother may worship the sanctity of double legacy, I urge you to think twice about marrying another Tiger. Do you really want your entire wardrobe to be the color of a traffic cone? Your family will constantly be mistaken for a flock of crossing guards. Perhaps your next best bet is to follow in Hillary Clinton’s footsteps: Go to law school to find a husband as smart as you. Or what about Harvard Business School, or Penn School of Dental Medicine? At the moment, nationwide graduate enrollment is over 1.75 million — it’s nothing short of a virile prairie! The caveat: As many as two-thirds of those students are women. Be sure to closely examine the gender ratios at graduate schools before enrolling, otherwise you could end up like Ellen DeGeneres, or worse, Frida Kahlo. Your mother threatens that after you leave Princeton, “You

ome of you might have noticed the appearance of posters around New Haven bearing the face of a grinning young man wearing a beanie and a hoodie. His portrait is nearly life-size and hangs at eye-level. Maybe you smiled back at him. These 100 posters commemorate Mitchell Dubey, who was murdered in his New Haven apartment two years ago when a panicked robber shot him. This story might shock people familiar with the posters, which do not directly allude to their subject’s tragic history. Only a caption, “Mitch,” identifies the musician and bicycle enthusiast. Scrawled next to the caption is a small signature, “J.B. Weekes.” Jonathan Weekes is a graphic designer and a friend who made these posters to remember and celebrate Mitch’s life. Jonathan met Mitch when they worked together at The Devil’s Gear Bike Shop, where the pair repaired bicycles and swapped musical interests. Jonathan made the posters last year, too, and plans to do so annually. He says, “It has become both my way of coping with and expressing the senselessness and tragedy of his loss.” Jonathan chose to exclude text because “Mitch’s image was enough to allow it to stand on its own” — his magnetic, charismatic presence alone inspires

people to investigate. “You want to get to know him,” Jonathan explained, “That is exactly the way he was in life.” The posters’ paper stock is vulnerable to New Haven’s weather, and Jonathan notes that this fragility represents the preciousness of life — a gift that is never guaranteed. “People see [the posters] one day, and then they are gone the next. Once they are gone, all that remains is the memory.” The transience of the prints contrasts with the indelible sorrow of Mitch’s story, and it brings into question how time affects reactions to tragedy. Often, incidents like Mitch’s flood local news until the community reaches some degree of justice. In Mitch’s case, police arrested the robber responsible for his murder. Sometimes politicians and activists use the hype surrounding tragedies to promote their own causes. We recently saw how inevitable political commentary proved with the Sandy Hook Elementary School tragedy, where other innocents died in gun violence. Parties from either side of the firearms debate rose up around the mourners and preached their ideologies as solutions. After attempts to reach inherently inadequate resolutions, however, interest calms, and people move on. Is this how should we respond

to incredible misfortunes? No. Though difficult to avoid, it is important that we do not forget tragedies because they passed. Though we are averse to facing the suffering that comes along with reflection, we must allow ourselves to remember the wonderful people we lose. It is as necessary to experience this sadness as it is to heal and embrace life. Resisting the use of others’ tragedies to further political agendas is also important, regardless of however well-intentioned or relevant those agendas might be. To practice otherwise disrespects the real, personal losses with which communities are trying to cope. Not unless a mourner calls for change of law does this response acknowledge the sacrosanct grieving of the beloved. Art provides perhaps the most appropriate and palliative means to cope with human loss. It is cathartic to the creator and viewer, and it honors its subjects. The power of art to organize otherwise senseless experiences in constructed frames truly influences people, who reach their own conclusions and shape their communities accordingly. Jonathan Weekes’ perennial prints of Mitch provide an admirable model for how we might remember tragedy. Hopefully the incredible life he calls to our attention will affect the way we live. We should aim to share the

JONATHAN WEEKES/ CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

“positivity, tolerance and pure love of life” that Mitch exuded. I encourage you to take some time to walk down Grove Street and look for Mitch if you haven’t already seen him. The weather is beautiful, and life is too brief not to enjoy it. In Mitch’s own words, “Follow through on some strange plan. Forget to follow through on something possibly important. Ride your bike. Do something.” “Do something, anything,” he said, “I beg you.” ALEXIS STEELE is a senior in Trumbull College. Contact her at alexis.steele@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 2, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 3

NEWS

“Spaghetti can be eaten most successfully if you inhale it like a vacuum cleaner.” SOPHIA LOREN ITALIAN ACTRESS

CORRECTION MONDAY, APRIL 1

SOM hosts first Immersion Week

The article “Work of Ghebreyesus honored” misspelled the name of Hanna Calcagni.

Spring break plan serves hundreds

YDN

Students from the School of Management as well as business schools in Brazil, Spain, Turkey and China participated in Immersion Week. BY ALEKSANDRA GJORGIEVSKA STAFF REPORTER

STEPHANIE RIVKIN/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Through the new spring break meal plan, Yale Dining served undergraduates 3,400 meals at the price of $7 apiece. BY KIRSTEN SCHNACKENBERG STAFF REPORTER Over spring break, Yale Dining served over 3,400 meals to students staying in New Haven, the latest addition to a series of expanded dining options this year. Yale Dining’s new spring break dining plan allowed students to eat breakfast, lunch and dinner in the Pierson dining hall during the first week of the break and the Ezra Stiles and Morse dining halls during the second week. Students could access only these dining halls and were charged $7 for each meal. Director of Residential Dining Cathy Van Dyke SOM ’86 said the meal plan served approximately the same number of students that had participated in the winter break meal option. Some athletic teams granted their athletes staying on campus over break a food stipend, while others opted for the meal plan, but students interviewed said they preferred the food stipend. “I used the meal plan over spring break, but I greatly prefer the stipend plan. I know that some teams even did it where they did breakfast in the dining hall and then were given money for lunch and dinner. This option would have also been better,” said Julie Mongan ’14, a member of the women’s lacrosse team. Under the new spring option, students could prepurchase three to 24 meals for $7 each to be eaten during the first week of spring break and two to 21 meals for the same price during the second week, according to a February email from the Yale College Council. The meals were available to students both on and off the meal plan, and any unused swipes expired at the end of each week. Van Dyke said that over 200 students purchased swipes each week. She added that 1,700 meals were served during the first week and 1,750 were served in the second. Van Dyke said Yale Dining has not yet determined how successful they think the new options were, but added that a similar meal plan would “most likely” be offered during next year’s spring break. The YCC met with Yale Dining last summer to discuss the lack of student meal options during vacations, YCC President John Gonzalez ’14 said. He added that Yale Dining then independently designed meal options for fall, Thanksgiving, winter and spring breaks. In the winter break option,

students could prepurchase meals to be eaten from Jan. 7–12. Under this plan, students were restricted to two to 12 lunches and dinners. Two-hundred students — approximately the same number per week that participated in the spring break meal plans — used the meal plan over winter break. According to YCC email, all athletes practicing in New Haven over winter break were offered meal cards, but during spring break, individual coaches determined if they would provide daily stipends or require teams to eat in the dining hall, said Natalie Gonzalez, associate athletic director for varsity sports administration. Some coaches decided to use a combination of these options, she added, which in some cases catered better to their teams’ practice schedule.

We didn’t eat in the dining halls at all. We were given ‘per diem’ — money to buy our own food during we were here — and then also given a meal after practice each day.

After returning from their first ever Immersion Week trips last month, students at the School of Management positively reviewed the new program, according to an SOM survey. Immersion Week, which took place from March 4 to 8, allowed second-year MBA students at Yale and in four peer business schools in SOM’s Global Network for Advanced Management to take intensive weeklong courses across the world. As part of the initiative, each participating school organized courses and events for students from the other four institutions — including SOM, which drew the largest number of participants and hosted courses taught by SOM faculty focusing on behavioral economics. According to a survey SOM administrators distributed to students who went abroad last month, over 90 percent of SOM students who participated wrote that they would recommend it to their peers, and 90 percent said they would welcome the idea of SOM organizing an Immersion Week each semester. Senior Associate Dean for Executive MBA and Global Programs David Bach ’98 said the school is organizing another Immersion Week this fall, adding that it will likely involve up to nine schools from the 22-school network. “This was only a pilot — I want to get to a point where you know that, if you come to SOM, studying abroad for a week is an intrinsic and frequent opportunity,” Bach said. “I was amazed at

how quickly students who visited SOM formed a community. Students from various backgrounds who had barely met worked together, networked together and learned together.” A total of 64 students came to SOM through Immersion Week, and 69 SOM students went abroad to one of four institutions — the FGV Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo in Brazil, Renmin University School of Business in China, Koç University Graduate School of Business in Turkey and IE Business School in Spain. SOM students gave the programs in Spain and Brazil the highest rankings in the survey, Bach said, adding that he thinks the course topics and instructors for these two locations might have been particularly well suited to SOM students. SOM professors who taught courses during Immersion Week in New Haven and SOM students who went abroad said they appreciated Immersion Week’s hands-on approach to learning and the opportunity to teach and learn within a diverse community. Students from Global Network schools who came to New Haven said Yale’s prestige and the opportunity to meet business students from different countries led them to sign up for the trip to New Haven. Thierry Papadopoulos, a student from the IE Business School in Madrid, said he made both professional connections and friends during his stay at SOM, adding that he particularly enjoyed the group’s trip to the New York Stock Exchange, which he said complemented his theoretical knowledge of trading. The pro-

gram’s mix of theory and practice was just right, he said. Ian Hillis SOM ’13, who visited IE Business School, said the hands-on learning involved in his trip made the program worthwhile. “In addition to hearing about the Eurozone crisis directly from local thought leaders, we had the opportunity to analyze the situation through the lenses of peer MBA students representing countries and institutions all over the world,” he said. “You can only learn so much through a textbook or news article, but Immersion Week truly brought the issues to life.” SOM professor Daylian Cain said it was “fun” for him to teach a group of students so enthusiastic about Yale, adding that he thinks most participants were well prepared for his course, and professor Nicholas Barberis said he was excited to see a diverse group of students debate ideas that shape the business world. SOM professor Shane Frederick said he found it challenging to condense the material he wanted to teach into a threehour long lecture, particularly because he was not acquainted with the visitors’ mastery of English — which he said was moderate, but still higher than he expected. Frederick said he looks forward to using this year’s experience to build Immersion Week in future years. SOM administrators conceived Immersion Week in 2012. Contact ALEKSANDRA GJORGIEVSKA at aleksandra.gjorgievska@yale.edu .

DAVID BACH

Students from four international business schools visited SOM during Immersion Week to hear lectures on behavioral economics.

ALEX WARD ’15 Member, men’s hockey “We didn’t eat in the dining halls at all. We were given ‘per diem’ — money to buy our own food during days we were here — and then also given a meal after practice each day,” said Alex Ward ’15, a member of the men’s hockey team. Four student-athletes interviewed said they preferred the stipend model over the dining hall meal cards during spring break. The women’s lacrosse team received meal plan cards over spring break, Mongan said. She said she preferred the stipend model, which she used for the past two years, because it gave her a break from the food in the dining hall and allows athletes to eat “whenever they want” — not only during the times when the dining hall is open. Spring break lasted from March 9–24. Contact KIRSTEN SCHNACKENBERG at kirsten.schnackenberg@yale.edu .

Deadlines pass for city youth programs BY MONICA DISARE STAFF REPORTER With applications due last week, Elm City students are turning to two city youth programs, Youth@Work and New Haven Promise, that saw moderate growth over the last year. While Youth@Work, a program that provides summer and year-round work opportunities for 14 to 21-year-old New Haven youth, received a comparable number of applications to past years, the range of work sites participating in the program saw an unprecedented rise in 2013. New Haven Promise, a full-tuition college scholarship for city students, is still in the process of counting applications — which appear to have increased over the last year, said New Haven Promise Executive Director Patricia Melton ’82 — and administrators said they expect to report a preliminary number of Promise scholars next week. Youth@Work received approximately 1,000 applications, according to Gwen-

dolyn Williams, the program manager with the city’s youth services department. The program hopes to provide about 650-700 jobs this year, said Tomi Veale, the acting youth services director and the Youth@Work program coordinator, across the approximately 70-80 work sites that Williams said participate in Youth@Work. Though in the past, no more than five businesses a year have joined the program, this year, Youth@ Work partnered with 14 new job sites. Yale University stopped contributing financially to Youth@Work after the summer of 2010 and has never volunteered as a job site, Veale said, but she added that Yale-New Haven Hospital contributes to the program and serves as a job site. Program directors were not critical of Yale’s lack of involvement. Williams cited Yale’s donation of facilities and partnership with other youth programs as evidence of their support for New Haven youth initiatives. She added that Yale’s decision to stop contributing to

the program is “not out of the ordinary because each year the dynamics change.” Michael Morand ’87 DIV ’93, Yale’s deputy chief communications officer, could not be reached for comment. New Haven Promise, which is funded by Yale, is in the process of figuring out how many students will qualify for this year’s scholarship. Promise officials are currently verifying the applicants’ GPAs, residencies and other relevant criteria, and officials expect to release preliminary numbers of qualified students in approximately one week, Melton said. She added that students will not know for certain if they qualify until the school year is over because they are required to maintain a 3.0 GPA through senior year. The next step in the Youth@Work process is for students to meet with potential employers at a student job fair at Wilbur Cross High School on April 16th. Contact MONICA DISARE at monica.disare@yale.edu .

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 2, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“I love being the mayor. I want to be the mayor forever.” ED KOCH MAYOR OF NEW YORK CITY FROM 1978–’89

State job market loses momentum UNEMPLOYMENT FROM PAGE 1 lan said that the governor’s office considers last year’s revised numbers superior indicators of the economy’s health than month-to-month data. Speculation on behalf of the Labor Department suggested that February’s blizzard, which ravaged the Connecticut coastline shortly before the start of the month, may have had a significant impact on businesses, forcing closures and adversely affecting employment. “Though our data can’t point

at any specific regions or industry sectors that would confirm the winter storm hampered job growth in February, that result seems likely,” said Andy Condon, director of the Labor Department’s Office of Research, in a statement last week. Of the state’s six Labor Market Areas, a mere two posted job gains: Danbury and Norwich-New London. The broader New Haven area, which includes 22 towns such as Wallingford, Branford and Chester, lost 1,700 jobs. Unemployment in New

Haven, however, dropped fourtenths of a point, although at 12.1 percent, the rate is still elevated. “It goes without saying that the city’s unemployment rate remains unacceptably high,” said Mike Piscitelli, a deputy economic development administrator for the city. City Hall spokeswoman Anna Mariotti said Monday that Mayor John DeStefano Jr.’s School Change program, in addition to recent efforts to lure biotechnology firms to the city, will generate high-paying jobs

in the long-run.

It goes without saying that the city’s unemployment rate remains unacceptably high. MIKE PISCITELLI Deputy economic development administrator, New Haven In the short-run, however, an

under-educated workforce and lack of infrastructure continue to challenge the city’s job creation efforts, Piscitelli said. Attempting to create employment for residents whose skills do not allow them to work for the high-tech firms that have become a centerpiece of the city’s economic plans, the Board of Aldermen established New Haven Works late last year. The project, which is in the midst of a pilot program with Yale, seeks to provide access to job training to workers who otherwise would not be competitive in the labor

market. “One of the really exciting things about New Haven Works is to address head on this issue of better connecting residents to workforce opportunities here in the city itself,” Piscitelli said. According to the report, Connecticut has recovered 40.1 percent, or 48,600 of the 121,200 jobs lost during the March 2008 through February 2010 downturn. Contact MATTHEW LLOYD-THOMAS at matthew.lloyd-thomas@yale.edu .

Gun bans tempered by ‘grandfather’ clause NEWTOWN FROM PAGE 1 the registration for high-capacity magazines and assault weapons would be the first of its kind in the country. Owners would be required to register the weapons with the state’s Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection by Jan. 1, 2014. Furthermore, they would be prevented from loading the magazines with more than 10 rounds outside their home or licensed shooting ranges. Bans on weapons frequently used in mass shootings are only one part of the compromise — the deal would also create a “dangerous weapon offender registry,” which would allow law enforcement to keep track of the whereabouts of individuals convicted of weapons offenses for five years after their release from prison. A new requirement of a gun permit to buy ammunition and an expansion of background checks to cover all gun purchases are also central to the legislation. Under current law in Con-

necticut and throughout most of the country, private sales of guns, including sales at gun shows, are unregulated. Closing the “gun show loophole,” as it is frequently called, has long been a goal of gun-control advocates. In perhaps the most pointed reference to the causal circumstances of the Newtown shooting, the compromise significantly expands the scope of the state’s firearms safe storage law. It would broaden requirements to store a firearm securely to instances in which the owner “knows or should know” that anyone likely to gain access to the firearm is ineligible to own a gun or poses a risk of injury to others or themselves. Lanza’s mother purchased the guns used in the Newtown shooting legally but did not secure them. The deal comes after months of wrangling in the legislature, largely focused on the ban on high-capacity magazines and assault weapons, and represents a major shift toward bipartisanship. In February, Democrats and

Republicans on the Bipartisan Task Force on Gun Violence Prevention and Children’s Safety, which the legislature established to develop policy recommendations in the wake of Newtown, released separate proposals. The Democrats’ plan included the ban, while the Republicans’ did not. Even though Republicans played a leading role in the negotiations, hesitation on the bill’s more controversial provisions was common among Republicans Monday. “The caucus is split on the bill,” said Pat O’Neill, a spokesman for Republicans in the Connecticut House of Representatives. “They have mixed emotions on it.” O’Neill noted, however, that State House of Representatives Minority Leader Lawrence Cafero, who played a leading role in the negotiations, plans to vote for the bill and is actively encouraging other members of his caucus to do the same. Early reports of the compromise, however, left some guncontrol advocates, including several families of Newtown victims, disappointed. On Monday, relatives of some of the victims gathered to demand an “up or down” vote on high-capacity magazines, which they contend should be banned entirely. “We learned, the way that no other parents should learn, that the most dangerous, dangerous part of an assault weapon is the magazine,” Nicole Hockley, whose six year-old son, Dylan, was killed in the Newtown shooting, said at the gathering. “The horrible, brutal truth is that 154 bullets were fired in four minutes, killing our children, our daughters, our wives … We have learned that in the time it took him to reload in one of the classrooms, 11 children were able to escape. We ask ourselves every day — every minute — if those magazines had held 10 rounds, forcing the shooter to reload at least six more times, would our children be alive today?” Neil Heslin, whose son Jesse was also killed in the shooting, said he thinks that a registration process would be impossible to

enforce, as the magazines do not have serial numbers. But Ron Pinciaro, the director of Connecticut Against Gun Violence, expressed support for the bill, citing the nature of compromise and political realities. He told the Hartford Courant Monday that his organization, which has frequently been at the fore of calls for new legislation, would not push the up or down vote requested by the Newtown parents. Gov. Dannel Malloy expressed similar dissatisfaction with the bill, although his communications director, Andrew Doba, declined to comment to the Hartford Courant on whether he would veto the bill. “I have been clear for weeks that a ban on the possession and sale of high capacity magazines is an important part of our effort to prevent gun violence,” Malloy said in a statement Monday. “Simply banning their sale moving forward would not be an effective solution.” If the legislature passes the deal, it would become the third state to pass major gun reform since the December shooting in Newtown. In early January, New York passed sweeping gun reform that banned assault weapons, established universal background checks and limited magazines to seven rounds. Two weeks ago, however, New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo acknowledged the difficulty of enforcing a seven-round limit, saying

SARA MILLER/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Neil Heslin, whose son was killed in the Sandy Hook shooting, said that a registration process for magazines would be impossible to enforce. that the laws would need to be reworked. Only seven states and the District of Columbia have limits on the size or use of ammunition magazines.

Contact MATTHEW LLOYD-THOMAS at matthew.lloyd-thomas@yale.edu . Contact MICHELLE HACKMAN at michelle.hackman@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 2, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 5

NEWS

“This above all: to thine own self be true.” POLONIUS CHARACTER FROM WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE’S “HAMLET”

Giamatti talks screen, stage

Supreme Court accepts race case BY AMY WANG STAFF REPORTER

TORY BURNSIDE-CLAPP/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Paul Giamatti ’89 DRA ’94, who stars in the Yale Repertory Theatre’s production of “Hamlet,” reflected on his acting career in a Monday talk. BY ANYA GRENIER STAFF REPORTER Paul Giamatti ’89 DRA ’94 had already been applauded twice before speaking his first words at a talk given to a packed University Theatre on Monday afternoon: once when he appeared onstage, and again when his moderator alluded to the fact that Giamatti had already been on the UT stage playing “Hamlet” earlier that day. The Academy Award-nominated actor spent the next hour telling the crowd — which consisted of over 300 students, professors and New Haven residents — about his current role in “Hamlet” and his past experiences on stage and screen. Giamatti was speaking for the 22nd annual Maynard Mack Lecture, a series endowed by the Elizabethan Club of Yale University that brings a distinguished theater artist to speak at the University each year. The event featured an informal Q-and-A session between Giamatti and moderator Murray Biggs, who is a professor of English and theater studies, before opening up to questions from attendees. Giamatti discussed his role in “Hamlet,” explaining that he had been relatively unfamiliar with the play in general, so that he came into the process with few preconceived notions apart from a memory of a production he had seen 25 years prior that demonstrated how the show can be funny. He also addressed the grueling process of playing Hamlet onstage night

after night, as the role makes up about 40 percent of the lines in a play that is over three hours long. “The language has more energy than I could ever have,” Giamatti said. “It’s alive. … It’s bottomless. Someone could do it for the rest of their life and not get to the bottom of it.” The crowd laughed often as Giamatti answered questions about his work and related anecdotes from both his undergraduate and professional life, including his experiences on set with actors like Jim Carrey and Russell Crowe. Giamatti also discussed the fact that he has spent much of his career playing supporting rather than leading roles, as well as the differences that come with each. He explained that he believes himself to be better suited to acting in “short bursts,” as with supporting roles, adding that leading actors also need to act as a “cheerleader” to the rest of the group. “I’m more the guy that sits in the back of the class and [makes] spitballs,” Giamatti said. Attendees asked questions about specific roles Giamatti has played and for advice about the obstacles actors face. One undergraduate specifically asked for guidance and encouragement for aspiring actors and directors confronting a difficult path. “I can only fall back on empty platitudes,” Giamatti said. “Have fun with whatever you are doing. … It’s just a mess. That wasn’t very encouraging, was it?”

Despite having spent nearly 10 years prior to his appearance in “Hamlet” acting for the screen, Giamatti came back to his enduring love for theater several times throughout the talk. He recalled being unable to contain his enthusiasm in coming back to a physical rehearsal room. “I couldn’t stop running around,” Giamatti said. “I didn’t have to stand in one place and act with my head; I could use my whole body. … I do really prefer the stage — I can’t believe I haven’t done it in so long.” Five attendees interviewed said they appreciated Giamatti’s humor during the event. Theater studies professor Toni Dorfman said she thought the actor’s sense of humor brought out his “high intelligence,” and Iason Togias ’16 said that as an undergraduate actor, he found Giamatti’s insights interesting and relatable. Susan Lieu SOM ’14, who asked the actor a question about nervousness, explained after the event that she herself is a stand-up comedian who regularly grapples with nerves before each show. “I did find it inspiring to hear that it’s a part of the process,” Lieu said. “It’s good to hear from someone I really respect.” This year’s Maynard Mack Lecture was co-sponsored by the Yale School of Drama. Contact ANYA GRENIER at anna.grenier@yale.edu.

For decades, university administrators across the country have contested the use of affirmative action in college admissions. A ruling from the United States Supreme Court is expected to address the issue soon — but in the meantime, a second racerelated admissions case has already been added to the Court’s docket. The Supreme Court decided in early 2012 that it would hear Fisher v. Texas — the case of Abigail Fisher, a white student who claimed she was denied admission to the University of Texas based on racial preference — and a ruling is expected to be made in the coming weeks or months. Despite the lack of a resolution to the Fisher case, the Court made the surprising decision last week to add a second affirmative action case to its next term docket. This second case, titled Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action, addresses the constitutionality of a Michigan voter initiative that banned racial preferences in admissions to the state’s public universities. The Fisher case addresses whether affirmative action practices in university admissions are constitutional, while the Michigan case addresses whether banning such practices is constitutional. Peter Arcidiacono, a Duke University economics professor who co-authored a paper on affirmative action’s effectiveness in closing the gap between students from different backgrounds, said taking the case shows that the Court wants to evaluate racial preferences more broadly, away from a “narrow ruling” on the Fisher case. Yale Law School professor William Eskridge LAW ’78 said the Michigan case is the third one taken in six months that addresses race-related matters. “Taking the case mainly illustrates the justices’ interest in cases raising this issue,” Eskridge said. “They don’t take that many cases, and that means they’re giving these cases priorities.” As justices decide the Fisher case, Eskridge added, its result will probably influence the Court’s later decision in the Michigan case.

Contact AMY WANG at amy.wang@yale.edu .

TIMELINE AFFIRMATIVE ACTION MILESTONES

Comedian shares Yale experiences

Sept. 1965 Federal executive order enforces affirmative action for the first time

BY LAVINIA BORZI STAFF REPORTER The Law School Auditorium erupted with laughter when Lewis Black DRA ’77 began talking in his characteristically colorful language, saying if anyone found his words offensive they should leave immediately — because it was only going to get worse. On Monday afternoon, Black, a comedian who has been featured on “The Daily Show with Jon Stewart,” came to campus to speak to an audience of roughly 70 people. During the lecture, Black discussed how his experience as a student at the Yale School of Drama led him to a successful career as a comedian. “I went to the School of Drama the way that people of my generation went to fight in the Vietnam War,” Black said. “I thought I was going to have the greatest artistic experience of my life.” Black told the audience he spent the “three most horrific years” of his life at Yale. He met extraordinary peers who would become the world’s best actors and comedians, he said, but the teachers were “the most reprehensible group” he had ever seen. He said one of BRIANNA LOO/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER his peers had a speech impediment and his teacher recommended that he go to Comedian Lewis Black DRA ’77, right, candidly looked back on his years at the School of Drama in a Monday talk at the Law School Auditorium. Yale Health to get his jaw broken and reset to help with his problem. He often got in trouble for making his negative feelings known to the fac- his act was to turn anger into humor. shameless sincerity and bluntness. ulty, Black said. But at Yale, he said, Black said he thinks “society is get“I started showing his performances he learned to be a stand-up comedian ting funnier” and that Americans are to my son when he was 12,” Maria Freda and once attempted to emcee at Toad’s definitely more self-aware than they said. “The material was so inappropriate Place. He added that at the time he had used to be. Although comedians still but was so genuinely funny.” minimal experience and ran into diffi- make uninteresting jokes such as, “The Black’s talk was followed by a short cat made a poopy in the barn,” great performance by the Yale Band, which culty keeping his audience’s attention. “I talked mainly about my sex life comedians are becoming more visible, was sitting at the back of the auditorium back then — that was my go-to mate- especially on TV. throughout the event. rial,” Black said. “I was talking way too “Humor works as insulation,” Black fast and nobody was listening — the said. “The ability to step back definitely Contact LAVINIA BORZI at room was in utter chaos.” helps in life.” lavinia.borzi@yale.edu . Black said he found it difficult to disAudience members interviewed said cover his voice as a comic and initially they were enthusiastic about Black’s

Arcidiacono said he thinks the Court will likely impose greater restrictions on the use of racial preferences in higher education. But the effects of these potential restrictions, the most far-reaching of which would be a blanket ban on racial preferences in admissions, are currently unknown. “It really is about the distribution of minorities at top colleges, not whether certain groups have access to college at all,” Arcidiacono said, adding that minority students competing for spots at selective schools would still likely attend college elsewhere, though such selective institutions would be “a lot less diverse” under an affirmative action ban. Although both the Fisher and Michigan cases address public education, public universities will not be the only ones affected by the Supreme Court’s potential ruling on affirmative action. Because the majority of private universities receive some form of federal funding, both public and private universities may see a change in admissions policies if the Court rules that racial preference in admissions is unconstitutional. University President Richard Levin told the News last spring that Yale “has practiced affirmative action in admissions since the 1960s and will continue to do so as long as it is consistent with the law of the United States.” Professors at various law schools have been among those submitting briefs to the Fisher case. In October 2012, Yale Law School Dean Robert Post teamed up with Harvard Law School Dean Martha Minow LAW ’79 to write a brief to the Court titled “Why race matters in school admissions,” advocating for the use of racial preference in admissions. Because race influences the lives of many applicants, Post and Minow argued, to require raceblind admissions would be unfair and also impractical. A decision by the Court on the Fisher case is due in the current term, which ends in October. The Court will rule on the Michigan case in its 2013-’14 term.

June 1978 Landmark Supreme Court case imposes limitations on affirmative action

July 1995 Nov. 1997 California bans all forms of affirmative action

White House releases guidelines on affirmative action policies

Feb. 2000 June 2003 Supreme Court upholds affirmative action in public university admissions in Michigan

March 2013 Supreme Court agrees to hear case on the constitutionality of a Michigan voter initiative which bans affirmative action in universities

Florida bans racial preference in college admissions

Feb. 2012 Supreme Court agrees to hear case in which one student challenges the University of Texas's race-based admissions priorities

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 2, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

“Everything in the world is about sex except sex. Sex is about power.” OSCAR WILDE IRISH WRITER AND PLAYWRIGHT

Study finds Facebook hostility toward elderly BY JAKE WOLF-SOROKIN CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Facebook may be changing forms of social interaction across the world, but age-based discrimination still pervades the site. Researchers based at the Yale School of Public Health have found Facebook to be an “injurious” environment for older users and urged the company to prevent age-based discrimination in a study published in the current issue of The Gerontologist. The brief study, entitled “Facebook as a Site for Negative Age Stereotypes,” is authored by Becca Levy, a professor at the School of Public Health and researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, Hunter College and the Hopkins School.

Our very language is infected with ageism. Old age is associated with ‘decrepit’ and ‘senile.’ ERDMAN PALMORE Professor emeritus, Duke University Center for the Study of Aging Facebook’s Community Standards affirm the company’s desire for the site to be a place of positive, mutual interaction; however, researchers noted that the site — which forbids discriminating on the basis of various criteria including race, religion and sexual orientation — does not account for possible age-based prejudice. “Because Facebook is a corporation built on social relationships, it has a responsibility to ensure these relationships are not injurious — to those directly involved or to those indirectly affected by them,” Levy wrote in the study. To determine which Facebook groups to include in her study, Levy and her team searched the site for groups containing one or more of 75 synonyms for the terms old, aged and elderly. The study, which involved a “content analysis” of group descrip-

tions for all 84 results of the query, found that age-based negative stereotypes were present at consistent and high rates. Erdman Palmore, a professor emeritus at Duke University’s Center for the Study of Aging, said ageism, much like sexism and racism, is a prejudice against a group of people based on characteristics they cannot change. Age-based prejudice is often overlooked because of how pervasive it is in our culture, he said. “Our very language is infected with ageism,” he said. “Old age is associated with ‘decrepit’ and ‘senile’. Young is associated with all the good things like ‘young at heart.’” Levy said she wants to give Facebook the benefit of the doubt and hopes this new information will help improve the environment faced by older people on Facebook. “One thing that’s been kind of nice in writing this is that the Facebook spokesperson requested a copy of the article,” she added. “Somebody there is looking at the article. It would be great if some of these particularly offensive groups were taken down.” The company did not return a request for comment, but Andrew Noyes, a Facebook spokesman, told the New Haven Register on March 30 that the study does not reflect the way most people use Facebook. Although employment discrimination against the elderly is illegal, Palmore said they are not protected from online prejudice. The Equal Employment Opportunities Commission sees more cases of age-related discrimination than race and sex-based discrimination combined, he added. Levy said she thinks laws against ageism could be stronger. In the meantime she hopes Facebook will actively work to prevent ageism. “It’s their responsibility not to have some of these particularly offensive groups online,” she added. According to 2012 data from the Pew Research Center, 86 percent of internet users between the ages of 18 to 29 use Facebook, while only 35 percent of users over 65 use the social network. Contact JAKE WOLF-SOROKIN at jacob.wolf-sorokin@yale.edu .

Media attacks duck genitalia research BY EMMA GOLDBERG STAFF REPORTER In the past week, Yale ornithology professor Richard Prum has come under attack from various media outlets for his study of ducks’ sexual anatomy and forced copulation. Fox News, PolitiFact and CNSNews, among other news sources, have all issued attacks on Prum’s study, describing it as a misuse of taxpayer money. On March 25, Fox News published a survey showing that 87 percent of its readers disapproved of the National Science Foundation’s decision to fund Prum’s study, entitled “Sexual Conflict, Social Behavior and the Evolution of Waterfowl Genitalia.” Biology assistant professor Patricia Brennan, the study’s principal investigator, said the media’s attacks on the research reveal the public’s ignorance about the significance of sexual coercion — which she described as “essentially rape” — among ducks. “One of the points of the research is to deeply comprehend the evolutionary consequences of the fact of rape in nonhuman female animals,” Prum said. Prum said the media attacks issued on his research are not timely, because the NSF awarded his research team the $384,949 grant for his study in 2009. The funding is set to expire in July 2013, and Prum said he is not trying to renew it. Prum and Brennan’s research has examined how female duck genitalia have evolved to respond to forced copulation and how male genitalia has evolved to overcome lack of reproductive opportunities. Duck populations typically have a higher proportion of males, so many male ducks are unable to attract a female mate, Prum said. When males do not find a partner, they often sexually coerce females to reproduce — a process called forced copulation. Brennan’s research has found that many male ducks have evolved larger penises so they can force themselves on female ducks more

aggressively. In response, female ducks have evolved more complex reproductive tracts that inhibit the entry of the penis during forced copulation. Prum and Brennan found that many female ducks die or suffer severe injuries from forced copulation. In order to study how duck anatomy has evolved in response to sexual conflict, Prum and Brennan used artificial glass tubes of different shapes to show how the erection of a bird’s penis changes based on the systems it is entering. They also studied distinct duck populations to confirm their hypothesis that males develop larger penises under highly competitive mating conditions. Prum said they learned that individual bird penises redevelop every year and grow to different sizes depending on the level of competition during the breeding season.

lence. She added the research will help scientists currently examining a particular population of ducks in Hawaii that Brennan believes is at risk of extinction due to the number of females dying from sexual violence. NSF spokeswoman Deborah Wing told CNSNews on March

19 that the foundation decided to fund the study because of its practical implications. “The study met the criteria of the NSF panel of scientific peers as part of the grant approval process,” Wing said. Prum said many of the media outlets attacking NSF for funding the duck study do not under-

stand the scientific merits of the research. These attacks reveal the need for improved science education in the United States, particularly in the field of evolutionary biology, Brennan said. “Fox News didn’t want to ask us about the science because the topic we were studying, sexual violence, is actually signifi-

cant,” Prum said. “Fox News has a wincing inability to even say the word ‘penis.’” NSF awards approximately 11,000 new grants a year, according to the organization’s website. Contact EMMA GOLDBERG at emma.goldberg@yale.edu .

Fox News didn’t want to ask us about the science because the topic we were studying, sexual violence, is actually significant. Fox News has a wincing inability to even say the word ‘penis.’

Teeth reveal earlier origins BY VANESSA YUAN CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Two monkey tooth fossils found in the Tugen Hills of central Kenya in 2006 have shed new light on the species’ evolution. A team of Yale-affiliated researchers has discovered that the modern monkey, also known as the Old World monkey, was alive approximately three million years earlier than previously thought. The fossil record shows these monkeys from the family Victoriapithecidae died out approximately 12.5 million years ago — however, the teeth found in Kenya are more similar to those of modern monkeys such as baboons and macaques, said study co-author Christopher C. Gilbert, a former Yale postdoctoral researcher and current assistant professor at Hunter College in the City of New York. The team’s findings, which were published online in the journal PNAS on March 18, are expected to help determine the exact point at which hominoids such as apes and humans diverged from Old World monkeys, said Yale anthropology professor Andrew Hill, one of the project’s leading researchers.

This research will be “a contribution to understanding the origins of the modern fauna of the African biogeographic region and of the Old World as a whole,” he added. Hill said the researchers hope to use their discovery to refine what has been known about the ecological and climate conditions driving evolution. “One thing that some paleontologists are interested in is to work out from the fossil record when major groups of animals diverged from others in the course of evolution,” he said. “This gives us the opportunity to understand the reasons for evolutionary shifts — if we can correlate them with contemporary events, such an environmental or climate change, or the origination of other contemporary animals or plants.” Other scientists in the field of human evolution said this finding has the potential to shift future research goals. A thorough understanding of evolution comes from comparisons of genomes of living species with their fossil records, which still requires the discovery of more specimens to fill the gaps of the fossil record. “Figuring out the timing of mon-

key evolution is one important component of understanding pattern and timing of hominoid [ape and human] evolution,” said David Pilbeam, a professor of human evolution at Harvard University. The scientists’ next step in their research is to investigate time periods in evolutionary history — such as that between 9.5 and 12.5 million years ago — that were formerly overlooked by researchers. By identifying the specific specimens that lived in this three million year period and other lesser-known periods, Gilbert said, scientists can reach a more complete understanding of Earth’s inhabitants. He said he hopes his team’s findings will inspire members of the scientific community to look for more rock deposits. “There is a poor fossil record for the period of time between about 15 and 16 million years ago and [between] eight and nine million years ago. We don’t know much about them,” he said. The paper’s lead author is James B. Rossie GRD ’03, anthropology professor at Stony Brook University.

Tea time with NYT science writer BY AARON LEWIS CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Sometimes, New York Times science writer Ben Carey finds it difficult for his articles on psychology to compete with stories on former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak and a nuclear North Korea. In a Master’s Tea hosted by Branford College on Monday afternoon, Carey highlighted the challenge of picking stories that are both academically sound and sensational enough to garner public interest. Addressing a crowd of 15 students and faculty, Carney discussed his career as a reporter for the Times. As a popular science writer for a major newspaper, Carey said stirring up controversy in the academic community is not uncommon. He added that researchers can become “extremely angry” when they disagree with his writing. In 2013, Carey said he has focused much of his writing on mental health issues — a “huge story” that he said typically receives little media coverage due to its grim nature and slow progress toward treatments. “But I feel kind of an obligation to be in there and doing more stories for the paper on that,” he said. Carey said his favorite article from his career was an obituary of H.M., a man whose hippocampus — an area of the brain essential to the formation of new memories — was removed for medical reasons. Researchers studying H.M. concluded that motor memory is entirely separate from long-term memory after

determining that he was able to master skills without remembering learning them. “It was a privilege to write about him,” Carey said. “He contributed to science through his own generosity.” To close his talk, Carey gave advice to the students in attendance, suggesting they participate in the research opportunities provided by the University. He singled out Yale School of Medicine psychiatry department chair John Krystal’s research — which he has covered in the past — as an example of “exciting work” done at Yale. Krystal is “very open minded about using psychedelic drugs to treat mental disorders,” Carey said. “They’re doing work with pot, LSD and ecstasy.” Fellow science writer Annie Murphy Paul ’95, who attended the Master’s Tea, agreed with Carey about the challenges of covering popular psychology responsibly. “I think it’s a tough line,” she said. “It’s important to stay honest and truthful, and I don’t really know how I would feel as a journalist trying to decide how far to go to get a story people think is interesting.” Josh Barrett ’15 said he appreciated Carey’s advice. “It’s important to make the most of Yale,” he added. Carey is also the author of sciencebased mystery books for middle school students. Contact AARON LEWIS at aaron.z.lewis@yale.edu .

RICHARD PRUM Ornithology professor, Yale University Sexual coercion among ducks used to be labeled “rape,” Prum said, but during the feminist revolution of the 1970s, advocates shifted the biological use of the word “rape” and called the phenomenon among ducks “forced copulation.” As a result, the public began to disregard the importance of sexual violence for nonhuman animals, he added. Brennan said her research will offer insight to those studying the causes of human sexual vio-

JOYCE XI/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER CREATIVE COMMONS

Many male ducks have evolved larger penises so they can force themselves on female ducks more aggressively.

New York Times science writer Ben Carey said at a Monday Master’s Tea that he has focused much of his writing in 2013 on mental health issues.

Contact VANESSA YUAN at vanessa.yuan@yale.edu .

CREATIVE COMMONS

The modern monkey was alive roughly three million years earlier than previously thought, according to a team of Yale-affiliated researchers.

Public alarm over climate change grows BY EMMA GOLDBERG STAFF REPORTER Yale researchers have found that Americans are growing increasingly alarmed about climate change. On March 15 Anthony Leiserowitz, director of the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication, appeared on national television saying that Americans are ready for the government to “end the silence” on climate change. He cited a study called “Global Warming’s Six Americas,” published on March 6 by researchers from the YPCC and the George Mason Center for Climate Change Communication, which showed that the number of Americans alarmed about climate change has increased from 10 percent in 2010 to 16 percent in 2012. Researchers from Yale and George Mason are now questioning whether public alarm about climate change is connected to weather extremities such as February’s 38-inch blizzard. “There is something fundamentally different in the way Americans are engaging with the issue of climate change at this moment,” Leiserowitz said. “Our political leaders have been silent about the issue and the media has been very quiet. Now we are beginning to talk about it again.” Researchers divided the U.S. population into six categories — alarmed, concerned, cautious, disengaged, doubtful and dismissive — based on their attitudes toward climate change. As of September 2012, the largest audience segment is the concerned group, the 29 percent of Americans who are “moderately certain” climate change is occurring and is human-caused. The smallest audience segment is the dismissive group, the 8 percent of Americans who are certain global warming is not occurring. Between 2010 and 2012, the number of Americans alarmed about global warming increased by 6 percentage points while the number of dismissive Americans decreased by 8 percentage points. “We first identified the ‘six Americas’ in 2008 and have been tracking the evolution of their climate change beliefs, feelings, policy preferences and actions ever since,” said Edward Maibach,

director of the George Mason Center for Climate Change Communication and a principal investigator of the study. Maibach said he is currently working with Yale researchers to conduct a national survey examining how Hurricane Sandy and other recent weather events impacted American beliefs about climate change. Weather extremities have helped Americans understand that climate change has a dramatic impact on local communities and not only foreign nations, Leiserowitz said. “[A] pervasive sense up to now has been that climate change is distant — distant in time and distant in space,” Leiserowitz said during his March 15 appearance on “Bill Moyers Journal.” “And what we’re now beginning to see is that it’s not so distant.” Michael Mann, a climatologist who directs the Earth System Sci-

ence Center at Pennsylvania State University, said that while scientists cannot conclusively prove that any single weather event in 2012 was caused by global warming, he believes the succession of climate extremities in the past year have elicited public alarm. He added that while there is no scientific consensus on whether global warming is causing more intense storms, there are “suggestive connections.” “There is reason to believe that storms like Nemo might become more intense on average as the atmosphere warms, because of the clash of increasingly warm, moist air from the south with cold air outbreaks from the north,” Mann said in a Wednesday email. Researchers interviewed 1,061 adults for their survey on “Global Warming’s Six Americas.” Contact EMMA GOLDBERG at emma.goldberg@yale.edu .