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T H E O L D E ST C O L L E G E DA I LY · FO U N D E D 1 8 7 8

NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · FRIDAY, DECEMBER 6, 2013 · VOL. CXXXVI, NO. 64 · yaledailynews.com

INSIDE THE NEWS MORNING EVENING

SUNNY RAINY SUNNY RAINY

70 54 80 34

CROSS CAMPUS

WEEKEND DISORDERED EATING EXAMINED

FACULTY MEETING

STRIKES

REDDIT

Faculty continue to question online education ventures

FAST FOOD WORKERS CALL FOR HIGHER WAGES

Reddit founder talks entrepreneurship, career choices

PAGE B3 WEEKEND

PAGE 3 NEWS

PAGE 5 CITY

PAGE 7 NEWS

Yale, Toad’s dispute land

Poopetrator drops out of race.

Voting is open for the Saybrook College mascot. Candidates include the lion, seal, sea lion, grapes, griffin and Saybertooth tiger.

LEVIN ANTICIPATED TRANSITION BEFORE DEPARTURE

Because man cannot survive on mochi alone. The Mochi

Store on Crown Street is moving out and Jake’s Diggity Dogs is moving in. However, Jake’s will still carry the full line of mochi ice cream, making it the cutest hot dog shop ever.

BY MATTHEW LLOYD-THOMAS STAFF REPORTER

sity property. In the most recent court action on Nov. 29, Toad’s brought forth six counterclaims, on three of which a superior court judge ruled in Yale’s favor.

The music hall, which has

When University President Peter Salovey sits down with the officers of the University — the administration’s nine most senior leaders — the faces looking back at him are almost identical to those that faced former President Richard Levin a year ago.

With the exception of Salovey and his replacement in the provost’s office Benjamin Polak, the individuals leading the University have remained the same since Salovey moved his belongings from Warner House to Woodbridge Hall on July 1.

Administrators interviewed suggested that the causes for the lack of major leadership changes in the upper echelons of the University are twofold: the stasis may be due both to Levin’s recruitment of new administrators during the end of his tenure and to Salovey’s strong working relationship with the leadership team.

“We really have a very strong team of vice presidents and I worked closely with them as provost,” Salovey said. “So given that the team is strong and given that we already have well-honed working relationships, it shouldn’t be surprising that there’s a lot of continuity.”

Still, Salovey and others said that tran-

SEE TOAD’S PLACE PAGE 6

SEE ADMINISTRATION PAGE 4

90210, but closer to home.

The newest video from the Office of Undergraduate Admissions is a studentproduced short that showcases 06520. “New Haven, CT 06520” follows students around town to Claire’s, Wooster Square and other local spots. Beverly Hills pales in comparison.

The Amazing Race.

Competitive eater Jamie “The Bear” McDonald will be hosting an eating challenge at Denny’s in New Haven on Monday. He will be single-handedly competing against teams from around Connecticut, including a pair of Yale graduate students, to eat as many red velvet pancake puppies as possible in 15 minutes. Additionally, the event is themed around The Hobbit. Last year, McDonald devoured the entire Denny’s Hobbit menu in under 20 minutes. Ironically, McDonald’s has not stepped into the sponsorship role.

They’re everywhere. The Elm

City elf doll is being placed in one New Haven store or restaurant each day for the 24 days before Christmas.

Residents who find the elf will be able to turn it in for prizes (and take the elf home). Clues are being put up regularly on Facebook and Twitter.

“World Wizard Wheezes.”

World Micro-Market organized a Harry Potterthemed winter market for Saturday and named it after the Weasleys’ Wizard Wheezes. Full Harry Potter garb should be expected.

Bass will always love you. The

University’s most all-nighter friendly library is putting out encouraging messages in anticipation of finals this weekend, shedding a ray of light on the overwhelming darkness looming over the campus.

Getting inside Handsome Dan’s head. The Canine

Cognition Center at Yale opens Dec. 9. According to a Yale News article, the researchers are currently seeking canine applicants for their studies.

SAT scores for the 25th to 75th percentile measure in at around 2320-2380.

THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY

1950 It is announced that around 600 juniors are expected to be drafted into the army by the end of the year.

Submit tips to Cross Campus

ONLINE y MORE goydn.com/xcampus

Admins stay for Salovey

EARL LEE/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Toad’s Place, a York Street fixture for more than 40 years, may have to close or move due to disagreements with Yale.

BY JR REED STAFF REPORTER Yalies could be forced to find a new place to conclude their Saturday nights, if an ongoing land dispute between the University and the historic Toad’s Place nightclub

is not resolved.

The legal dispute arose when the University sued the nightclub last year for allowing patrons to exit from side doors onto the adjacent walkway leading to Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges, an act that Yale considers trespassing on Univer-

Math research program to launch

BY JENNIFER GERSTEN STAFF REPORTER To devise a foolproof strategy for bidding chess, a variant of the game in which players bid for the right to move instead of taking turns, you might need longer than a lifetime. It’s the sort of task Yale math professor Sam Payne calls “easy to

understand, but impossibly difficult” — and the sort of task undergraduates with an interest in creative computation will get to tackle this summer at the inaugural session of Summer Undergraduate Math Research at Yale (SUMRY).

The ten-week SUMRY proSEE MATH RESEARCH PAGE 6

CYNTHIA RUSSET T 1937 – 2013

Longtime professor dies

BY MATTHEW LLOYD-THOMAS STAFF REPORTER More than half a century after arriving at Yale, history professor Cynthia Eagle Russett GRD ’64 died Thursday morning. She was 76.

Russett, whose scholarship focused on the history of American women and the intellectual history of 19th and 20th century America, succumbed to cancer at a nearby hospice on Thursday morning. In an email to the Saybrook community, where Russett was a long-

time fellow, Saybrook Master Paul Hudak said Russett died comfortably and peacefully among family.

“Cynthia Russett had her office in Saybrook for as long as I can remember, and so she spent a great deal of time with Saybrook students as adviser, as colleague and a keen presence in the college,” said Yale College dean and former Saybrook master Mary Miller.

SEE RUSSETT PAGE 4

FES students warn of warming Olympics

BY HANNAH SCHWARZ STAFF REPORTER In February, five students from the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies will warn the world that the winter Olympics may someday be an event of the past.

While the long-term effects of climate change are hard to detect, Team Climate plans to make the impact of global warming more tangible by highlighting its impact on many events at the winter games.

Through encouraging the athletes to share how climate change has affected their sports, the group hopes to expose the game’s global audience to both the immediate impact and the less tangible — but more severe — long-term effects.

“By targeting the winter sports community, we’ll be reaching spectators or sports fans who don’t normally read The New York Times and aren’t SEE FES OLYMPICS PAGE 6

HANNAH SCHWARZ/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Team Climate at the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies hopes to highlight the real-life impacts of climate change.

PAGE 2

YALE DAILY NEWS · FRIDAY, DECEMBER 6, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

OPINION

.COMMENT “There are so few faculty members...who belong to the Republican yaledailynews.com/opinion

For online anonymity

W

ith Edward Snowden and Julian Assange still in the headlines, it seems like everybody’s been talking about online privacy.

I’m sure the metadata confirms my hunch. But not all of these conversations have been equally productive.

Earlier this month, when Iowa State University students wanted to form a campus group to discuss virtual security, they faced unexpected barriers. According to the students, administrators took aim at their mission statement: to “discuss, learn and practice techniques to anonymize and protect digital communication.”

University leaders were concerned about the group’s interest in Tor, the popular free software used to anonymize online activity. Eventually, administrators relented, and the students founded the organization — but only under conditions they described as restrictive.

Tor was developed at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory over a decade ago. Today, it is among the leading Internet privacy tools available. Iowa State administrators aren’t the only folks concerned about its newfound popularity. Government documents leaked by Snowden reveal that the National Security Agency has attempted to undermine the software’s efficacy, launching what Washington Post reporters described as “increasingly successful attacks to unmask the identities and locations” of Tor users.

It’s fair to assume most Yalies aren’t affected by this controversy. Digital privacy isn’t usually on our minds. We download the latest update to Google Chrome, not specialized browsers built for privacy.

Or we worry about which email signature is most professional (“sincerely,” or “best regards”), not which technology can best encrypt those emails.

It’s easy to assimilate into the rules of our surveillance society. As children of the Internet age, we don’t need Glenn Greenwald to tell us we’re being watched. We know the government has its eyes on our data; we know corporations play fast and loose with our privacy.

Because the default everywhere is surveillance, it is also the case at Yale. Our Acceptable Use Policy allows the University to search student email accounts under numerous loosely enumerated circumstances, such as “essential business functions.” Administrators say this monitoring rarely occurs; for staff members, there have been six cases in five years. Yet Yale is not required to notify us when our communication is searched.

This isn’t shocking to most students. In the News’s report on email monitoring (“University can access student emails,” Nov. 15), over 75 percent of students interviewed said they were “unsurprised” the Uni-

versity could access our communication. Perhaps growing up on Fa c e b o o k c o n d i MARISSA tioned us to that MEDANSKY believe our online speech was Little Fables by default shareable and open to the public. And if our standard platforms of communication are always being monitored, perhaps it’s time to find new ways to speak more freely.

No meaningful debate on privacy can be premised on the assumption that anonymous speech is illegitimate. In fact, what we need are more and better platforms for anonymous speech.

It’s unfortunate that anonymity has a reputation problem. Some concerns are warranted. Anonymity can derail discourse, as even the most casual Internet users learn.

Some online commenters, hidden behind their pseudonyms, share heinous worldviews (and creative insults) they wouldn’t otherwise post. But allow me to paraphrase Voltaire and defend their right to mock on — and their ability to do so from an account named “YaleGirl1234.”

The ability to speak up anonymously is especially important at Yale, where many students are precociously concerned with their nascent professional appearances. If you’re worried an errant red cup can kill your chances with McKinsey, you’re probably also concerned your criticisms of University policy might lead to reproach — no matter how valuable or wellintentioned those concerns are.

Anonymous space can foster honesty, and communities that are more transparent are better able to identify and rectify problems they encounter. That openness is critical when discussing sensitive issues. Some victims can be silenced by a culture that refuses to accept their stories without a name attached. A nameless space can be a safe space to share experiences of harassment, discrimination, even assault.

Namelessness raises questions of honesty and accountability, and no technology is perfect. But we as a campus certainly would benefit from creative and legitimate opportunities for anonymous communication. And we should seize the example set by students at Iowa State University to promote dialogue on privacy and surveillance, anonymous or otherwise.

MARISSA MEDANSKY is a junior in Morse College and a former opinion editor for the News.

Contact her at marissa.medansky@yale.edu .

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party.”

'CONCERNED' ON 'YALE DONOR IS AMONG NATION’S TOP POLITICAL CONTRIBUTORS'

G U E S T C O L U M N I S T N I C K D E F I E S TA

Tweeting the lockdown W

aking up on the first morning of my trip to Mexico, I learned my friends back on campus could soon be dead.

Or so I thought, the Yale Alert that warned me of a gunman at the University. I jumped online to search for answers to my questions: Who was the gunman?

Was anybody hurt? How did this all start?

But minutes after the alert was sent out, the Yale Daily News didn’t have anything on its website. Neither, then, did anything appear on the New Haven Independent or the Register. The three biggest news organizations around campus offered little information for a student trying to figure out what was going on from vacation — much less for students still on campus trying to figure out what they needed to do to remain safe.

So I turned to Twitter, a technology some of my friends mock for what they perceive as its shallowness, questioning how anything significant can possibly be conveyed in 140 characters. But this sentiment comes from those unable or unwilling to engage with the technology in any meaningful way. My own use of Twitter has evolved over the years, from Facebook status-like postings to a journalistic tool for me to find and distribute information.

Last week, professional reporters and casual student

users tweeted information about the campus lockdown far more quickly than any web-based article could be updated. As each new piece of information was found — an email from New Haven Police Department spokesman David Hartman, photos of SWAT teams entering Old Campus with rifles drawn — it entered the Twitterverse almost instantly. By the time newspapers produced stories detailing the lockdown, they seemed hopelessly outdated, eclipsed by the latest happenings on campus.

That day, Twitter’s value in breaking news coverage should have swayed most naysayers. Much-needed information reached followers at a rapid pace — I can imagine few other scenarios where transmission speed is quite as critical — and the situation was tracked throughout the day, helping those concerned with what was happening on campus stay informed.

Last Monday was largely a breaking news success story. But that’s not to say there weren’t lessons to be drawn from how the lockdown was covered; any media platform has its weaknesses, and Twitter is no exception.

The overwhelming amount of information, for one, tended to be incredibly chaotic for most people. With so many tweets each second, how can one be expected to discern the noise from the signal, to produce any sort of coher-

ent account of what was happening?

Some tried to solve this by aggregating information on their own timeline, while others made publicly accessible lists of the most relevant people and organizations to follow for updates.

Apps like Storify exist for this very purpose, pulling tweets, photos and more to build timelines of what happened. But in the first, chaotic moments of a story, it’s still difficult to filter out what doesn’t matter.

Next, verification posed some problems, as it tends to with any breaking news coverage. But the issue of knowing which bits of information are trustworthy runs deeper on Twitter, where anyone can tweet what they want regardless of the truth.

Just like erroneous reports of a gunman sighted on campus led to an overwhelming response by police, so too can the spread of incorrect information, even if accidental, provoke unnecessary alarm. A report of a grenade in Bingham’s eighth floor library, for example, turned out to be wrong, but not after it had terrified people in the building’s vicinity.

Given these concerns, some have suggested that journalists hold off on tweeting information until its accuracy can be ascertained with certainty. But with something as time-sensitive as a possible shooter on campus, such a delay could be incredibly harm-

ful. Besides, tweets will be flying anyway — better to have them curated by a reputable media source than go unchecked.

All of us, as a community and as regular consumers of news, need to understand the limitations of breaking news coverage.

Reporters should use terms like “reports say,” “unconfirmed,” and “possible” to indicate the inherent uncertainty in up-tothe-minute coverage; readers must understand what these phrases mean and accept such ambiguity as the price to pay for near-instant updates.

In the end, though, it also behooves us to remember that traditional media is often wrong in these breaking news situations, too. The rumor of the grenade in Bingham came from a source who hardly seems questionable: a reporter for a local TV station who cited police.

Ultimately, in the case of breaking news — and not just on Twitter — journalists need to report on an event accurately and quickly, and let readers know about any ambiguity in their reporting. Consumers, meanwhile, should understand the natural limitations imposed by breaking news coverage, and must do what reporters are already paid for: Be skeptical.

NICK DEFIESTA is a senior in Berkeley College and a former city editor for the News. Contact him at nick.defiesta@yale.edu .

Workshop U

TAOTAO HOLMES/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR

E

ver since I became a semiself-aware human being, my closest friends have always been my finest editors.

They are not English majors, publications pundits or even bloggers, but they are astute observers, smart critics and painfully accurate commentators. For years now, we have been each other’s dedicated workshop partners, realizing that there’s no such thing as a final draft — the term itself is an oxymoron — and that to get any better, drafts demand revision.

If you’ve ever taken a writing seminar at Yale, you’re undoubtedly familiar with the concept of a writing workshop. At some point in the semester, you distribute copies of your essay-inprogress to the class, and everyone reads it, makes edits, writes comments and then sits around deconstructing and reconstructing what you’ve created.

The best workshoppers are the ones whose comments reflect the time and attention they’ve given to your draft. On the other hand, smiley faces and vapid, repetitive praise are about as useful as Q-tips to clean the kitchen floor.

Good workshop partners point out the nuances you’ve failed to consider, the sentences that are out of place, the conclusion that doesn’t align with the rest of the piece. They ask you to clarify the key themes or locate the main drama. Sometimes you don’t know what either of those are yet,

but that’s fine because it’s only a draft.

If we are all, in our own particular ways, drafts — that is, works in TAOTAO progress — I’m HOLMES told that college is a time Taoisms we’re meant to undergo significant revision. But our own editorial eyes can only discern so much, especially when afflicted with chronic myopia.

Picking good workshop partners, then — befriending pairs of eyes that possess the perfect balance of proximity and distance, support and critique — seems rather pivotal.

Writing classes offer oodles of workshopping tips, predicated on the fundamental belief that the best writing is rewriting. One tip that many of us tend to ignore while at Yale is the simple mantra: Less is more. Sometimes it takes a workshop buddy to help cross out all those paragraphs we left in our drafts just because they were there in high school. But there’s only room for so much; New Yorker staffer and former Yalie Sarah Stillman ’06 goes by the Rule of Five: Pick the five most critical pieces of material for the piece, because, she says, how much can you realisti-

cally pack in?

Slashing paragraphs leads to the need to restructure. Editor of the New Republic Franklin Foer will tell you that much of the time, structure grows out of an experimental methodology. Unfortunately, he says, writers get wedded to certain structures and it becomes very hard for them to detach. That’s when your workshoppers push you to consider alternatives and remind you that maybe you don’t need to go by an existing, fixed structure — to try moving your third paragraph (trip to Antarctica) after the sixth (learning to code) and switching parts two (work) and four (baby).

Restructuring might end up making your ending much stronger.

Switching up the order means altering your transitions. Writer Donald Antrim is a transition guru; Antrim might say transitions are a core element of your piece as a whole. But how should they be handled? Is it better to create gradual segues or jump from one section to the next?

How do you handle the changes, emotionally? E.B. White would advise you to use sentiment without sentimentality, though you’re not beholden to his advice.

Author and professor Anne Fadiman lauds the benefits of error and failure and of allowing your subjects to teach you. Save all your previous drafts and avoid repeating the same mistakes — misusing “lay” and “lie” or get-

ting bogged down in peripheral minutiae. The people in your draft might be its most important element — more important, even, than structure or details.

Perhaps three of the most valuable questions your workshoppers should be asking, at Yale and far beyond, are those that Professor Fred Strebeigh demands of every draft: Who is the author?

Why is the author in the piece?

How did the author get into this piece? Isaac Singer might want to note, “I only write what only I can write.”

But these are only a few suggestions from some writers whose eyes have encountered many drafts, all at different stages in the writing and revising process.

These writers don’t know you, but there are incredible people at this school who do, or some time will. I myself could not have asked for a better workshop group; I have traveled through Yale with no dearth of comment and critique, surrounded by friends who challenge my thoughts, question my choices and undermine my assumptions, forcing me to constantly revise and redraft. As we head into exams and final papers, let’s not ignore our most important drafts — the ones we never hand in.

TAOTAO HOLMES is a senior in Branford College. Her columns run on alternate Fridays. Contact her at taotao.holmes@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · FRIDAY, DECEMBER 6, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 3

FRIDAY FORUM

NELSON MANDELA “I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination.”

GUEST COLUMNIST SCOTT REMER

GUE ST COLUMNIST NANCY XIA

Why I lean in I

had my notepad out, ready to capture wise thoughts and stories. I had even climbed all the way up Science Hill — that’s how excited I was to hear this talk on personal values. I was going to hear a talk from Janet Dalziell, a Yale World Fellow and a senior executive in Greenpeace. What drew me to this event was how strong and downto-earth Dalziell seemed. She began talking about her identity with an off-handed preface, saying she didn’t particularly identify with the label “woman.” “Mother,” perhaps, but not “woman.”

At the time I didn’t think much about it, but then a thought hit me — would a man ever preface a talk about personal identity and values with, “I don’t particularly identify with being a man?” Probably not.

The speaker’s dissociation of the female label is a telling example of how respected and high-achieving women often feel distant from their gender.

Which is reasonable, because success, power and leadership are so frequently perceived as masculine traits. That perception is detrimental, and it affects everyone. Men and women both unconsciously discriminate against women. In a recent study conducted at Yale, faculty reviewed the resumes of applicants for a lab manager position. Half the faculty received a resume from

“John,” and the other half received the same resume from “Jennifer.”

Faculty on average judged John to be more hireable, more competent and offered him a starting salary 14% higher than the one offered to Jennifer, even though they had identical qualifications. We all correlate success and likeability with men and not with women — and it’s both males and females who perpetuate these misjudgments.

Yale is known for its progressive culture, yet it still lacks female leadership presence in both its administration and its undergraduate organizations. The University has only once had a female president, and Yale College Council has not had a female president since 2008.

The gender divide manifests itself not just in the institution at large, but in our daily conversations and encounters with “casual sexism.”

One of my friends pointed out that in a female-dominated psychology seminar, more of the males participate. How can we hope to achieve gender equality if everyone, even ardent feminists, unconsciously push women back as they try to succeed? This is what the Lean In campaign attempts to address.

Lean In is a women’s leadership campaign spearheaded by Facebook’s Chief Operating Officer Sheryl Sandberg. The campaign urges women to fight societal pres-

sures to stand back, be nice and lean out of career acceleration. Instead, Sandberg recommends leaning in, which can promote a virtuous circle: By stepping forward, women succeed professionally, and are then in better positions to advocate for structural changes that benefit other women. The campaign is a call to action, intending to bring communities of women (and men!) together to support each other in their will to leadership. At its core, Lean In is an educational campaign.

Without awareness, society cannot correct its unconscious discrimination against women.

Personally, what is most salient to me about the campaign is its discussion of women exhibiting the imposter syndrome. The imposter syndrome is the phenomenon of capable people who are unable to internalize their accomplishments and subsequently feel like frauds.

Both men and women are susceptible to the impostor syndrome, but women tend to experience it more intensely and tend to be more limited by it. Sandberg explains, “Ask a man to explain his success and he will typically credit his own innate qualities and skills. Ask a woman the same question and she will attribute her success to external factors, insisting she did well because she ‘worked really hard,’ or ‘got lucky,’ or ‘had help from others.’”

This was eye-opening for me.

When I am asked about my accomplishments, I consistently explain exactly how circumstances happened to align for each election I’ve won, or for each board position that has been handed to me or for how I got into Yale. Looking back, I never once used the explanations “because I’m qualified” or “because I deserved it.” What is empowering about Sandberg’s message is that she points out that so many strong women, herself included, experience the same self-doubt. Understanding these patterns of internal biases has given me courage to lead strongly in spite of my own insecurities, which I now recognize as selfdefeating and illegitimate.

Like Janet Dalziell, I didn’t previously associate strongly with my identity as a woman. But the Lean In campaign is inspiring me to reclaim that identity, and to redefine the qualities associated with my gender — to realize that women are not necessarily less feminine just because they speak up and assert their own qualifications. I lean in because I believe in its promise for our generation of leaders. I lean in because I am qualified and because I deserve it.

NANCY XIA is a junior in Silliman College. Contact her at nancy.xia@yale.edu .

GUEST COLUMNIST KARLA MARADIAGA

My neglected homeland

ANNELISA LEINBACH/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR

W

hen I was a high school senior, my relatives from San Pedro Sula in Honduras, my birthplace, came to visit my home in Texas. One night during their visit I tucked my six-yearold cousin into bed. She asked why all of the streetlights stayed on at night.

When I explained that the lights were on so that people could walk safely, she was surprised. “In Honduras,” she said, “no one goes outside at night. It’s not safe.”

Most people who know me know that I was not born in this country.

When I tell friends at Yale I was born in Honduras, they smile, nod and nonchalantly steer the conversation in another direction. Sometimes they ask, “Where is that?” Once a classmate asked me “That’s in Mexico, right?” Over the years these sorts of conversations have frankly become heartbreaking. Honduras is the most murderous country in the world and the only country in the Western hemisphere to suffer a violent coup d’etat in just the last few years. Why, for some, does it not even ring a bell?

Deemed the most dangerous country in the world, Hondu-

ras remains extremely underrepresented in the media. Last year, the Associated Press sent a reporter, Alberto Arce, to Honduras to report on increasing gang violence and the ongoing turmoil occurring in the wake of the coup. At the time, he was the only foreign correspondent in the country’s capital, Tegucigalpa. Arce had reported in war zones before. The difference, he said, between Libya and Honduras was that in Libya, you “generally know where shooting occurs.” In Honduras, shootings could happen just about anywhere.

While Arce was in Honduras he reported on acts of terror. He investigated the murders of activists fighting economic inequality; he documented the deals that taxi drivers and business people must keep with gangs in order to operate on virtually any property. He also reported on instances of political corruption, such as politicians who distributed coffins as a campaign strategy in recent elections. As dead bodies accumulate in Honduras, there is no place to store them, and very few Hondurans can afford to pay the $125 fee for a coffin. Political candidates

began giving them away to secure votes.

None of these stories surprise me.

I grew up hearing about murders committed across the street from my grandmother’s house. I learned that my aunt once risked her life when she offered shelter to a family targeted by a gang. But for me that’s all these events are: stories. There is no way I can fully comprehend the violence occurring in my birthplace. I left when I was two years old and I have only returned twice in my life, for a couple of weeks.

Regardless, I am invested in bettering Honduras and I always will be. Most Americans do not even hear stories of the political struggles and ongoing violence in Honduras. But it is our duty as a campus, a community and a part of humanity to seek out information about the country.

Yale students are well-informed about so many parts of the globe — despite Honduras’s absence in the mainstream media, we would do well to learn more about this country, particularly given its unstable conditions. The presidential election occurred in Honduras just two weeks

ago. Although thousands of activists and governmental organizations from around the world flocked there to monitor the voting process, I did not hear one person on campus speak of the election.

The electoral authority in Honduras has declared the ruling Nationalist Party’s candidate, Juan Orlando Hernandez, the president-elect.

Hernandez was one of the candidates giving away coffins during the primaries. The European Union deemed the election transparent, but recently an observer from the official European Union delegation has defected from this position, citing breaches of electoral protocol. The electoral authority has agreed to review vote tallies.

As I continue to monitor the situation in Honduras, I hope others at Yale will join me. We pride ourselves on being a global community. For the sake of the hundreds murdered in Honduras every month, let us voice the stories that too often go unheard.

KARLA MARADIAGA is a junior in Jonathan Edwards College. Contact her at karla.maradiaga@yale.edu .

On climate change, get political Y

ou wouldn’t know it, but we’ve embarked upon the biggest gamble in 20 millennia.

By continuing to profligately burn fossil fuels, humanity is courting disaster.

Corporate interests have tried bamboozling the public, but the science is clear. The fifth assessment report of the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), released this year, states that it is “extremely likely” (indicating 95 percent confidence) that “human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century.”

Biological systems are frighteningly unpredictable: They don’t obey linear laws and their components are connected in complicated feedback loops. By blithely spewing greenhouse gases into our atmosphere and oceans, we implicitly declare that we’re certain our actions won’t discombobulate Earth’s exquisitely complex ecological cycles. But are we really so confident in our knowledge of nature?

WE HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO SLASH OUR FOSSIL FUEL USAGE, AND MORE Climatologists are unanimous in declaring that climate change will result in a litany of disturbing changes. As greenhouse gas levels rise, we can expect rising sea levels; decreases in snow and ice cover; heat waves; increased wildfires, drought and flooding; the spread of diseases; diminished air quality; and more intense hurricanes, snowstorms and extreme weather events.

These changes will provoke sociopolitical instability, potentially leading to resource wars and an upsurge in violent crime. A September 2013 Science article by Berkeley professor Solomon Hsiang found that an increase of one standard deviation in mean temperature is correlated with a four percent increase in interpersonal violence and a 14 percent increase in intergroup violence. Since the world is anticipated to warm by two to four standard deviations by 2050, climate change could cause spikes in strife that will roil the globe. As far back as 2007, a Pentagonfunded study labeled climate change a “threat multiplier” that poses a major danger to national security.

Alarm bells should be ringing from New York, the site of Hurricane Sandy, to Vienna, which broke an all-time temperature record this summer, to Australia, where 123 records were broken during 90 days of intense heat. The last three decades were likely the warmest in 1,400 years, and they are just a taste of what’s to come.

We’ve dawdled too long to completely reverse the changes we’ve set in motion. Even if we were to cease all emissions immediately, temperature and sea level increases will probably continue beyond 2100. Barring the removal of extensive quantities of CO2 from the atmosphere, the impact of our emissions will be felt for centuries.

So why act? It’s not ideal, but mitigation is our only choice. Either we act and achieve a moderately bad outcome, or we do nothing and endure the chaos and suffering that follow.

Immediately zeroing out greenhouse gas emissions isn’t feasible, but we must still slash fossil fuel usage. Our time is running short. In its September 2013 deliberations, the IPCC concluded that to avert dangerous levels of warming, humanity can only emit a total of between 882 gigatons and 970 gigatons of carbon. By 2011, we had already emitted 584 gigatons. We simply cannot continue burning fossil fuels — our reserves far exceed the approximately 386 gigatons of carbon remaining.

As a university, we’ve made progress in reducing our carbon footprint. The Yale Student Environmental Coalition and the Office of Sustainability are doing excellent work in making Yale greener, and the recently released Sustainability Strategic Plan points us in the right direction.

The Yale Project on Climate Change Communication, run by the School of Forestry, conducts important research on the politics, public opinion and consumer behavior of climate change.

But we need to do more. Firstly, in light of the very real harm that our emissions cause, Yale’s divestment from fossil fuels is imperative. Secondly, the Project on Climate Change Communication needs to be more active and interdisciplinary. To vanquish the most potent threat we’ve ever known, we need a full-court press and national and international coordination.

Politicians will need to be informed by academia and that’s where Yale comes in. To that end, we should expand the Project on Climate Change Communication to include political scientists, philosophers, economists and psychologists.

Rather than merely studying public opinion, its mandate should be to change it and provide policy recommendations for collective action.

In this slow-burning crisis, the academy has a responsibility to get political. We often imagine that universities are sheltered from society at large, but the ivory tower is a myth. Yale should act now on climate change, for its students’ sake and the sake of all mankind.

SCOTT REMER is a sophomore in Pierson College.

Contact him at scott.remer@yale.edu .

PAGE 4

YALE DAILY NEWS · FRIDAY, DECEMBER 6, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT Yale, Toads in dispute TOAD’S PLACE FROM PAGE 1 hosted the likes of Bob Dylan, the Rolling Stones and U2 over its 40-year history, is seeking a solution whereby patrons can exit onto the adjoining Yale property in the event of an emergency. If the two parties do not settle, their case may go to trial in the spring.

“If Yale prohibits the use of the side entrances, then Toad’s has no egress,” said attorney James Segaloff, who represents Toad’s owner Brian Phelps. “If there’s a fire, you can’t go out the side door, and then potentially the fire marshal shuts Toad’s down, and that’s the end of it.”

The disagreement between the University and the night club has been simmering for over 30 years. In 1978, Michael Spoerndle, then-owner and operator of Toad’s Place, entered into a revocable license agreement with Yale to allow Toad’s staff and patrons to access the University’s adjoining property in case of an emergency — an arrangement that either side could revoke at its discretion with 10 day’s notice. Segaloff said Yale offered to extend the license for another ten years in 2008.

Phelps, who had taken over the night club by that point, refused to accept the agreement with the revocation clause intact.

“What they did was meaningless for all intents and purposes,” Segaloff said. “If you can revoke the agreement at any time, then what good is it?”

On July 21, 2008, Yale officially revoked this license. After July, however, Toad’s Place employees, customers, business invitees and guests repeatedly entered the walkway through the club’s exits for “improper purposes including … smoking, drinking and littering,” according to the Summary Judgment Ruling released Nov. 29.

According to University spokesman Tom Conroy, Yale is seeking a permanent injunc-

tion enjoining Toad’s and their employees from entering or trespassing, or allowing other people to enter the walkway through Toad’s Place.

“What Yale essentially wants is to reach an agreement with Toad’s that ensures that there aren’t disruptions on Yale’s adjacent property but also provides Toad’s with the ability to continue to operate,” Conroy said. “Yale isn’t interested in having any negative effect on Toad’s business.”

Conroy said Toad’s is contending that it does not need Yale’s permission to use Yale’s property, adding that Yale is seeking an agreement that would regulate how Toad’s patrons can access Yale’s property to stem improper behavior, such as smoking, drinking, and littering.

He noted that Yale is still willing to enter into a license agreement affording Toad’s access for emergency purposes, contingent on prevention of improper use of the property.

Still, Segaloff said that, if Yale insists upon keeping a revocation clause in the deal, the agreement is too unstable for Toad’s to accept.

“I would be delighted to try to sit with people at Yale and work on something but, to give us 10 years and then say you’re done doesn’t work,” Segaloff said.

William Gallagher, the attorney representing the nightclub in this suit, told the New Haven Register that, if Yale prevents the club from using exit doors and the paths leading to York Street, the business and the property’s value would be severely affected.

Gallagher argued that the University is violating the Connecticut Unfair Trade Practices Act by managing real estate in a way that is designed to “destroy competition of a business which it does not control but which is contiguous to its property.”

Segaloff said that the best way to resolve the issue would be to give the nightclub the right to three or four feet from the build-

ing all around the property as a walkway to usher customers onto York Street. He said that, while he doesn’t believe smoking and noise is a huge problem near the walkway, his client is prepared to limit the times one can go on the walkway and address concerns about smoking.

“We would use it only for emergency purposes,” Segaloff said. “In the grand scheme of things, to try to shut down Toad’s, as opposed to giving us three or four feet, doesn’t seem to be reasonable.”

This isn’t the first time Yale has engaged New Haven businesses in legal battles. Owners of former restaurant Bespoke engaged in a dispute over the rights to use the Yale-owned alley behind the restaurant, an issue that required extensive ajudication. Bespoke ultimately folded because it could not afford the litigation costs.

Segaloff added he is deeply concerned as to what could happen to Toad’s, a significant establishment in the the heart of Yale’s campus.

Several students interviewed were shocked to hear that Toad’s could potentially close as a result of a legal dispute with Yale.

Thomas Aviles ’16 characterized the loss of Toad’s as a “game changer” not only for Yale students, but students at neighboring institutions, such as the University of New Haven and Quinnipiac.

“If you’re talking about a decision coming down in a couple of months, then yes, you will probably see astonishment or disbelief at the idea of no Toad’s,” Aviles said. “It’s iconicyou can love it, hate it, or not really care, but you can’t deny it’s a formidable presence on campus.”

Toad’s Place first opened in 1976.

Contact JR REED at jonathan.t.reed@yale.edu .

“Life consists not in holding good cards but in playing those you hold well.”

HENRY WHEELER SHAW AMERICAN HUMORIST

Feminist historian remembered RUSSETT FROM PAGE 1 Miller said Russett, who had a wry and gentle sense of humor, helped reclaim “a feminist history” with her scholarly work.

Born Cynthia Eagle in Pittsburgh, Russett grew up in Washington D.C. and Maryland before attending Trinity College in Washinton, D.C. in 1958. She went on to earn a master’s and doctorate at Yale in 1959 and 1964, respectively. Her dissertation won the George Washington Eggleston Prize, the highest honor for a dissertation in American history at Yale.

At a panel hosted by the Yale Women’s Center in 2004, Russett recalled her experience as a female graduate student at a primarily male University.

In 1958, a dean told her, “You girls are not here to interrupt the studies of our men,” she said.

Shortly thereafter, Russett joined the Yale faculty in 1967, publishing her first book, “The Concept of Equilibrium in American Social Thought,” one year later.

Yale historian Gaddis Smith ’54 GRD ’61 recalled Russett starting in the history department not long after him, describing her as a “very, very active” member of the department.

Throughout her career, Russett authored several books, including “The Extraordinary Mrs. R: A Friend Remembers Eleanor Roosevelt” in 1999, which Russett wrote with William Turner Levy, a close friend of Roosevelt’s.

According to Russett’s biography on the History Department website, Russett took a particular interest in the effect of science on non-scientific culture. Her 1989 book on the topic, “Sexual Science: The Victorian Construction of Womanhood,” which examined how Victorian-era sci-

YALE HISTORY DEPARTMENT

Well-loved professor Cynthia Russett, who joined Yale’s faculty in 1967, before the college admitted women, passed away Thursday. entists attempted to prove women inferior to men, won the Berkshire Conference of Women Historians Annual Book Award.

Russett was promoted to a full professorship in 1990, eventually becoming the Larned Professor of History.

From 1992 through 1995, she was also a fellow of the Whitney Humanities Center.

Beyond the classroom, Russell chaired the Yale College Executive Committee and served as director of undergraduate studies of the History Department during her time at Yale. She also was a member of the executive committees of the YaleNew Haven Teachers Institute and the Human Relations Area Files.

Russett stopped teaching in 2012 but remained an active member of the St. Thomas More Catholic Chapel at Yale, where she served on the Board of Trustees. This October, she gave a talk to the campus Catholic community entitled “Life as a Scholar and Believer.”

In a Thursday email to Saybrook College, Hudak said plans are underway for a January memorial service.

Russett is survived by her husband, political science professor Bruce Russett GRD ’61, four adult children and three grandchildren.

Contact MATTHEW LLOYD-THOMAS at matthew.lloyd-thomas@yale. edu .

After presidential transition, little change ADMINISTRATION FROM PAGE 1 sitions will inevitably happen — but they declined to elaborate further as to their expectations for the future.

PACKING HIS BAGS

Levin began preparing for his departure long before announcing that he would step down after 20 years as president, hiring administrators who he thought could lead Yale in his absence.

“I was definitely thinking about stewardship of the University [before stepping down],” Levin said this week.

In the 2011–’12 academic year, Levin recruited two new senior administrators — Joan O’Neill and Kimberly Goff-Crews — to serve as vice president for development and vice president for student life, respectively. O’Neill was a veteran of the Development Office with decades of experience, and Goff-Crews was a former Yale College assistant dean who had also worked on student life issues at Lesley University, Wellesley College and the University of Chicago.

When he hired O’Neill and Goff-Crews, Levin said, he made it clear that he expected them to remain beyond his tenure, which he told them would likely last one to three more years.

“I believed that it was best for the University at a time of transition to have some officer who had substantial experience to help my successor,” Levin said. “[I also wanted] others who were relatively new and could be counted on to stay in office for a long time.”

Levin’s strategy of gradual transition at the uppermost tiers of University leadership mirrored the same dynamic at a slightly lower level. In the last years of the Levin era, a number of administrative deans and deputy provosts stepped down, most notably longtime Deputy Provost Charles Long in 2010. Amidst the departures, younger leaders such as Yale College Dean of Student Affairs Marichal Gentry and Assistant Dean of Academic

MARIA ZEPEDA/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

Because of deft recruiting by Richard Levin, there will be much administrative continuity as Peter Salovey begins his term as University president.

Affairs George Levesque have stepped into leadership roles.

The newer faces, administrators said, have struck a balance with the long-term leaders who have remained — such as Deputy Provost for Academic Resources Lloyd Suttle, Deputy Provost for Health Affairs and Academic Integrity Stephanie Spangler and Dean of Undergraduate Education Joseph Gordon GRD ’78.

In ensuring this sort of longterm endurance, administrators said, Levin paved the way for a fluid transition between his leadership and Salovey’s, as he also built a robust working relationship with Salovey during the latter’s decade as dean of the Graduate School, Yale College dean and University provost.

EXIT BATMAN, ENTER ROBIN

In September 2012, Joseph Zolner, an expert in higher education administration at the

Harvard Graduate School of Education, told the News that University officers would likely see the presidential transition as an opportunity to move to new positions, especially higher ones beyond Yale. At the same time, some administrators speculated publicly about their futures.

“It will depend on two things: what the new president wants, and what I decide I want to do when I have the chance to catch my breath and think about the next part of my professional career,” University Vice President for Strategic and Global Affairs Linda Lorimer said in September 2012 when asked if she would stay at the University after Levin’s departure. “I hope to catch my breath sometime this year and think about what I might want to do.”

But despite a slightly altered job description at Yale and a new position on the board of direc-

tors of publishing company Pearson Education — a job with an annual paycheck of approximately $100,000 — Lorimer has stayed. So too, have all of the other officers.

Administrators’ decisions to stay at the University have made the presidential transition a smooth one. And when Salovey stepped into his new role as president, he was a thoroughly familiar face to everyone on his team. Salovey’s intimate knowledge of the University and closeness with its other leaders accounts for what administrators described as a painless leadership change.

Lorimer, who has seen five presidential transitions at Yale, said the transition between Levin and Salovey was the smoothest she had ever witnessed. Lorimer attributed the easy change to the fact that Salovey had nearly a year to formulate his priorities

for Yale after his appointment and before his official installation. She added that Salovey had already spent the past several years working with senior administrators while in his former positions. Furthermore, she added, Salovey is “a joy to work with.”

“It seems to me that Yale has the best of both worlds,” Lorimer said. “A president who already knew Yale intimately, and also has his own fresh ideas.”

Lorimer remarked that Salovey has instilled a strong sense of teamwork in the administration, also applauding the series of new initiatives that the new president has brought to the administration.

Over the summer, Salovey instituted a new University Cabinet comprised of academic deans of administrative officers, further encouraging collaboration across the University

in a way that had not been done before.

Special Assistant to the President Penelope Laurans said the smoothness of the transition is indicative of a University left on sound footing by Levin.

“Only unhealthy organizations have to change everything at once. Healthy organizations evolve,” Laurans said. “They ensure fresh winds blow in while preserving continuity. Change should be distinct but gradual.”

Salovey said that while administrative changes are inevitable in the coming years, it remains unclear who will be the next to leave, or when they will do so. Other administrators were similarly mum on the topic.

Said Goff-Crews, “We will have to wait and see.”

Contact MATTHEW LLOYD-THOMAS at matthew.lloyd-thomas@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · FRIDAY, DECEMBER 6, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 5

NEWS

“Going online and asking questions is the best way to learn.” TOM FELTON ENGLISH ACTOR

CORRECTIONS TUESDAY, DEC. 4

The article “Jovin ’99 remembered” missidefined the Eyewitness Identification Task Force as “a group that helps identify witnesses for criminal investigations.” In fact, the group works to improve standards for eyewitness identifications.

WEDNESDAY, DEC.5

The article “Kagan credits Ancient Greeks for liberal education” incorrectly identified Donald Kagan as a former professor. In fact, he remains the Sterling Professor Emeritus of Classics and History at Yale University.

L’OCCITANE opens on Chapel St.

BY POOJA SALHOTRA STAFF REPORTER I n te r n a t i o n a l retailer L’Occitane en Provence opened its newest boutique on Chapel Street just in time for the holiday shopping rush.

After several weeks of renovating and refurbishing, L’Occitane opened its doors at 1042 Chapel St. on Nov. 23 — the same day of the Yale-Harvard game. Since the grand opening, the site has seen a steady flow of customers, ranging from Yale students and faculty to doctors from Yale-New Haven Hospital, said store manager Doreene King.

“L’Occitane has actually been looking to open up in college towns across the country because they tend to be a good environment … they bring in people from a lot of different cultures,” King said. “I honestly haven’t seen one particular type of person coming in since we opened.”

Originally founded in 1976 in Provence, France, the beauty product company specializes in skin care, fragrances and body care and offers holiday gift packages ranging from 18 to over 100 dollars. The company first opened in the United States in 1996 and has since been expanding rapidly.

Over the past two years the company has opened up 20 new locations per year and has also worked to renovate existing locations, said L’Occitane Communications Director Rachael Szporne.

In choosing new sites, the company seeks “unique communities” that support small businesses, Szporne said. She added that New Haven’s history and engaging community attracted the company.

“We just fell in love with the Chapel Street location and loved Yale’s sense of community,” Szporne said.

King added that being next to a French restaurant — Union League Café — added to the loca-

tion’s appeal.

The company signed a lease with Yale University Properties in early October and has spent the last several weeks refurbishing the building, which now features a wired glass and metal structure that is supposed to mimic a traditional greenhouse, according to a L’Occitane press release.

Since its establishment in 1996 as a branch of the Office of New Haven and State Affairs, University Properties has sought to reinvigorate New Haven’s downtown shopping district by bringing in new restaurants and retailers to Broadway and Chapel streets.

University Properties Spokesperson Carin Keane said that the new natural beauty product store will enhance the downtown shopping experience by drawing in local residents and by bringing in shoppers from the greater New Haven area.

Szporne said that because the store offers products in such a wide price range, the company is confident that the products will appeal to many people in New Haven. In particular, though, the company will focus on building connections with local residents, including Yale students.

“If students are going home for the holidays and need to buy gifts or have guests coming in, we want them to come to us,” Szporne said. “We want to establish ourselves as the go-to and build those relationships.”

In addition to selling beauty products such as soaps and lotions, the store offers complimentary mini facials and hand massages, a feature Szporn said would appeal to Yale students who are stressed about final exams.

L’Occitane has five other locations in Conn., in Westport, Danbury, Greenwich, Evergreen Walk and Stamford Town Center.

Contact POOJA SALHOTRA at pooja.salhotra@yale.edu .

ALEXANDRA SCHMELING/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

L’Occitane, a French-based beauty product retailer, opened at 1042 Chapel St. on Nov. 23, just in time for the holiday season bustle.

On Coursera, faculty still has questions

BY YUVAL BEN-DAVID STAFF REPORTER Weeks before Yale launches its first Coursera offerings, the faculty debate on the University’s online education initiatives continues to develop.

Craig Wright, a music professor and chair of the Committee on Online Education, took to the floor at Thursday’s Yale College faculty meeting to present his committee’s most recent findings. In an interview with the News following the meeting, Wright said he tried to offer a holistic presentation of Yale’s ongoing online initiatives, emphasizing that the committee is looking to Yale’s graduate and professional schools as leaders in the field. But according to Yale College Dean Mary Miller, many faculty members questioned the nature of Yale’s current contract with the online platform Coursera, with some concerned about the financial terms of that relationship.

“There are some faculty members fundamentally opposed to Coursera, and there are very strong reservations about it,” Miller said. “There are many other faculty members who want to take the tools of Coursera to develop classes in New Haven or

[Massive Online Open Courses].”

When some professors asked whether there would be a revenue stream from MOOCs, Miller said they were told that “much will unfold as the first MOOCs roll out” starting in January.

Since Yale began Open Yale Courses in 2007, online education models have been rapidly changing.

We want to take what we learn from this process and apply it to the Yale classroom experience.

CRAIG WRIGHT Chair, Committee on online education While students at some colleges take Coursera courses for credit, Miller said none of Yale’s four pilot Coursera courses offered next semester will count for course credit at any university.

Though all Coursera courses can still be taken for free, the company has recently started offering certifications for some courses for a fee. Known as the “Signature Track,” this feature

provides students with verifiable online certificates for between $30 and $100 to show that they completed the coursework.

Wright said the Committee on Online Education had made decisions about Yale professors’ use of the “Signature Track” but did not respond to request for further comment.

Though Lucas Swineford, Yale’s director for digital media and dissemination, said Coursera’s “Signature Track” did not come up specifically during the meeting, Miller said professors discussed the topic of monetization more generally.

Wright said the University’s motivation for expanding online education is to disseminate knowledge across the globe while improving education at Yale itself.

“It’s two-fold,” Wright said.

“We want to take what we learn from this process and apply it to the Yale classroom experience here at Yale.”

At a Monday forum on digital initiatives, Lauren Tilton GRD ’16 expressed skepticism about Yale’s ventures in online education. In an interview with the News, Tilton — who worked in online distance education before coming to Yale — noted that fewer than 10 percent of enrolled

Coursera students complete courses. Of those who do finish the courses, many perform poorly, she said.

Tilton said these statistics raise questions about whether the Coursera model is the best way to disseminate knowledge.

“If we want to reach populations that we never thought we would have, are we doing it right?” Tilton asked. “If we want to reach a broader public, what does that public want?”

Wright said existing online initiatives, such as Open Yale Courses, have drawn “an enormous amount of goodwill” from around the world, citing the fact that people in China look more favorably at Yale and are more likely to apply to Yale as a result of Open Yale Courses.

Miller said it is important that Yale be well-known but added that branding should never be the first priority.

“It’s far more important than getting the Yale name out there to get Yale scholarship, achievement and intellectual vision shared broadly,” she said.

The next open forum on online education will take place on Jan. 27.

Contact YUVAL BEN-DAVID at yuval.ben-david@yale.edu .

Fast food workers rally

BY SEBASTIAN MEDINA-TAYAC STAFF REPORTER Between 20 and 30 New Haven fast-food workers on strike joined activists, union members, clergy and elected officials at St. Luke’s Episcopal church on Thursday afternoon to call for better wages and fair treatment.

The workers were joined by thousands of others in over 100 cities across the country as part of a national movement for a $15 an hour “living wage” and for the right to unionize without fearing employer retaliation.

Together, the activists traveled in cars to a nearby Dunkin’ Donuts and Subway to demonstrate solidarity with the workers.

Protesters entered both locations en masse, chanting, clapping and delivering speeches through a bullhorn. No one asked the protesters to leave at either restaurant.

There are over 5,660 fastfood workers in New Haven, earning an average wage of $9.10 an hour, 85 cents over the Connecticut minimum wage of $8.25. The workers at the rally said it is impossible to pay bills and make ends meet with such low wages.

“I live on my own, and I always find myself sitting down with all my bills just terrified of how I’m going to make it to my next paycheck,” said striking worker Josh Griffin, former manager of a local McDonalds franchise. He said he was suddenly demoted last week with no explanation.

He said he was suddenly demoted last week without explanation. Though Griffin worries about employer retaliation for his involvement in the strike, he said that considering the widespread community support at the protest it was worth the risk.

Connecticut Senator Richard Blumenthal LAW ’73, who spoke at the rally, is co-sponsoring a Senate bill that would raise the national minimum wage to $10 an hour, and ensure this figure would be constantly adjusted for inflation. Such adjustment is not mandated under current minimum wage laws. He said he hopes the strikers’ goal of $15 an hour will be realized one day but that the senate measure is a step in the right direction.

“This issue relates to the whole economy,” he said. “Raising the minimum wage stimulates consumption. It’s a fundamental fact of the economy that there can’t be growth without consumption.”

The practice of paying fast food workers at or near minimum wage is a drain on public funds, according to a 2012 study from the UC Berkeley Labor Center. Over half of the families of front-line fast-food workers rely on government assistance

SEBASTIAN MEDINA-TAYAC/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

A group of New Haven fast-food workers have come together to call for better wages and fair treatment. of some kind, costing nearly $7 billion per year.

The median age of fast food workers is 28, said Benjamin Phillips, a communications director for the Service Employees International Union (SEIU), which is a large backer of the movement. Because of the poor economy, workers have to stay in these jobs for much longer than they initially expect, he said. “[Fast food corporations’] business model relies on paying workers a poverty wage and leech[ing] off of the community in the form of food stamps and other government services,” he said.

The movement began last December when 200 fast food workers in New York City staged a walk out. Though Thursday marked the first day New Haven workers got involved in the strike, Hartford area fast food workers had already walked out

of their jobs at the end of the summer.

Kevin Burgos, the organizer of a strike at the Dunkin’ Donuts in Hartford in August, said workers were seeing results from the action: His fellow workers at Dunkin’ Donuts earned pay raises and strikers at a neighboring Subway were given work breaks for the first time.

“It’s a great feeling knowing you’re standing up for what you believe in,” he said.

Burgos, who is struggling to support his three children, said he has not received a raise in the past six years he has spent working at the bakery.

A contingency of SEIU employees also drove up from Washington to attend the rally.

“We see this as not just a campaign for the $15 an hour wage but as a larger social movement to address the growing inequality that is undermining

the values on which this country is founded,” said Deborah Chernoff, another communications director for the union.

To date, no fast food restaurant employees are unionized in the United States.

Ward 2 Alderman Frank Douglass also attended the rally, which took place in his ward, because he believes the city should be supporting the workers in the fast food industry, a growing sector in New Haven.

“People can’t live comfortably off eight to nine dollars an hour,” he said. “A gallon of milk costs four dollars!”

A Gallup poll published last month revealed that 76 percent of American support raising the national minimum wage to $9 an hour.

Contact SEBASTIAN MEDINA-TAYAC at sebastian.medina-tayac@yale.edu .

PAGE 6

YALE DAILY NEWS · FRIDAY, DECEMBER 6, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT Climate change to impact sports FES OLYMPICS FROM PAGE 1 interested in climate change,” said Diana Madson FES ’14, one of the students working on the project.

The Yale group, which received funding both from external foundations and F&ES, found Olympic athletes passionate about climate change by tapping into the Protect Our Winters Riders Alliance, a group of about 50 winter sports athletes who have pledged to join a climate change-awareness campaign, said Taylor Rees FES ’14. Beyond accessing this network, the team has simply cold called, emailed, and searched through social media, said Kaylee Weil ’12 FES ’14. So far, the team has partnered with Olympic goldmedal mogul skier Hannah Kearney and former alpine ski racer Kaylin Richardson.

The team is currently in the process of contacting mainstream news outlets to encourage them to cover the impact of climate change on winter sports.

While about 75 percent of coverage is preplanned, Weil said the

group hopes that media outlets infuse the remaining time with some coverage of climate change.

In addition to encouraging athletes to share their personal stories about the impact of climate change on their sports, the Yale team will publish articles on their own blog that discuss how these climate change symptoms forecast even worse events to come, Weil said.

“To frame it as just a situation where skiers and snowboarders only get a couple of weeks left of practicing massively overlooks a humanitarian crisis,” Madson said.

She added that targeting the winter sports community — an influential and wealthy cohort — will help translate their efforts in Russia to policy change in Washington.

According to the World Health Organization, climate change is responsible for around 150,000 deaths per year.

Contact HANNAH SCHWARZ at hannah.schwarz@yale.edu .

TGIWEEKEND YOU LIVE FIVE DAYS FOR TWO.

Email ydnweekendedz@panlists.yale.edu and write about it.

“I have Social Disease. I have to go out every night. If I stay home one night I start spreading rumors to my dogs.” ANDY WARHOL AMERICAN ARTIST

Math research expands

BRIANNA LOO/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

Mathematics professor Sam Payne and about 20 of his graduate students have received grants to conduct exciting research this summer.

MATH RESEARCH FROM PAGE 1 gram, whose application launched on Wednesday, will provide up to 20 undergraduates who have taken higher-level math classes with about $4,300 each to conduct research with Payne, Folsom and graduate and postdoctoral mentors.

Participants can work either in teams of three to four on projects the SUMRY coordinators have proposed or on topics they propose themselves, and will have the chance to learn from guest speakers and present their findings to their peers.

While nearly all Yale’s undergraduate science majors conduct research, Yale math professor Roger Howe said that the gap between the undergraduate math curriculum and the research frontier can make doing math research difficult for students not yet in graduate school.

Folsom said the projects at SUMRY were designed to be approached by students who are curious about studying math outside the classroom, but might lack the preparation to participate in graduate-level work.

“There’s a concern that in order to do math research, you have to have taken 10 years of classes and know every intricacy of the problem before you get started,” said Susie Kimport GRD ’15, one of five graduate student mentors Payne and Folsom handpicked for SUMRY. “What’s really great for these students to see is, just one or two classes out of calculus, there’s already a lot of interesting problems you can do.”

Though the projects at SUMRY might be more accessible for undergraduates, they will still pose a significant challenge. Payne said that while the average class problem set takes students about 20 hours to complete, students at SUMRY will be working on projects for weeks and there is no guarantee they will find solutions by the end of the summer.

Still, he added, there will be ample help along the way. Payne, who personally advised undergraduate math researchers last summer in a pilot version of SUMRY, said this year he introduced a faculty and guest lecture series, in addition to weekly meetings where participants will share their progress with their peers. Graduate mentors, who will work closely with participants throughout SUMRY, will spend the beginning of the program familiarizing them with the skills their projects will require and assist each team with writing their final research papers.

Later, students will have the opportunity to present their findings at national math conferences to undergraduates from other schools. During the upcoming school year, those interested will prepare their research for publication in professional journals.

“As undergrads, we take in a lot of knowledge,” said Brian Lei ’16, who worked with Payne, Alec Arana ’14, Michael Garn ’15 and Seung Hyun Lee ’16 last summer on the bidding chess problem. “But when you graduate, your job will be to produce knowledge. When

you’re an undergrad, it’s great to be able to experience both sides.”

Lei said although their work was not the most mathematically complex, researchers at the conferences they attended had nevertheless shown interest in their contributions to a stillfledgling field of study. Lei said that students with an interest in math research, whether math majors or not, will benefit from the opportunity at SUMRY to pursue new avenues of investigation.

For Payne and Folsom, part of the pleasure of research lies in its pursuit.

Both said they expect and hope participants will encounter dead ends and wrong turns as they work, which they agreed are just clues to the answers they seek.

“That moment that you finally solve a problem is so far beyond what anybody can feel finishing a problem set, and we want people to have that experience,” Payne said. “On one hand, you’re bound by a set of formal rules that math obeys, and yet it’s still up to us and our creativity to discover what mathematics is. I think that’s one of the most beautiful things in the world.”

Although sources for SUMRY funding are not yet set in stone, Payne said potential sources include the provost’s office, in addition to his personal grants.

Applications for SUMRY are due on Feb. 1.

Contact JENNIFER GERSTEN at jennifer.gersten@yale.edu .

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PAGE 7

NEWS

“It is not I who become addicted, it is my body.” JEAN COCTEAU FRENCH POET

Reddit co-founder shares stories

BY GRANT BRONSDON CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Internet entrepreneur and Reddit cofounder Alexis Ohanian stopped by campus Thursday afternoon to speak about his experience working on start-ups in the digital age.

Brought in by Yale lecturer Brad Rosen, Ohanian — who was in town promoting his new book on a 160-stop tour that includes 77 university campuses — spoke to roughly 100 audience members in Sudler Hall about the founding of Reddit, telling students to be bold, unafraid and assertive when pursuing passions and new ventures.

“There are people among you doing amazing stuff,” Ohanian said. “All of us have the potential to do this kind of stuff, but some of us are the ones who raise our hands [and do it].”

The story of the creation of Reddit — a social media site that aggregates user-submitted links and posts, self-proclaimed as “the front page of the Internet” — began when Ohanian was making his first website in high school. Within a few months, Ohanian was making websites for nonprofit companies.

After high school, Ohanian went on to attend the University of Virginia, where he met Steve Huffman — a classmate and the eventual co-founder of Reddit — on freshman move-in day. Huffman and Ohanian eventually combined their talents to propose a mobile application known as “My Mobile Menu,” which aimed to reduce lines at restaurants and cafés by allowing users to order food through their cell phones.

They sent the application to Y Combinator, a company that provides seed money and advice for certain start-ups in exchange for a percentage of their profits.

But Ohanian and Huffman were rejected — at least until Paul Graham, one of the founders of Y Combinator, reached out to the two of them personally and offered the duo a chance to come up with a new idea.

After some brainstorming between Ohanian and Huffman, Reddit was born.

“We had no idea what we were doing.

We had no business starting something that would be the front page of the Internet,” Ohanian said. “This was before we had 90 million unique visitors a month. We had two.”

Though Reddit was accepted by Graham and Y Combinator, there were “haters” of the project, as Ohanian called them, from the start.

About four months after Reddit’s offi-

Shelters prep for cold

BY ERICA PANDEY CONTRIBUTING REPORTER

LEON JIANG/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Alexis Ohanian’s talk focused on the power of motivated entrepeneurs to “use the Internet for awesome.” cial launch, employees at Yahoo got wind of the site’s existence and invited Ohanian and Huffman out to Silicon Valley. But at the meeting — which served as an opportunity for Ohanian and Huffman to pitch their website to Yahoo for potential collaboration — Ohanian said things quickly went sour. Though Ohanian explained that the site was new and that its web traffic was growing rapidly, the Yahoo representative in the meeting was not impressed.

His remark, Ohanian said, quickly became Ohanian and Huffman’s motivation to succeed.

“I printed out [his quote]: ‘You are a rounding error compared to Yahoo!’” Ohanian said.

Switching to different topic midway through the talk, Ohanian also provided students with tips on how to succeed as an entrepreneur. He stressed exactly how much the Internet has broadened the scope of individual ventures that talented people can pursue.

Ohanian cited Brandon Stanton, creator of the popular Humans of New York photoblog, and Zach Weiner, of “Saturday Morning Breakfast Cereal” fame. He used these two individuals, among others, as examples of people who “are using the Internet for awesome.”

“Sucking is the first step to being good at something,” Ohanian said.

Of the crowd assembled in Sudler Hall, many audience members said they were there because of a personal interest in start-ups and entrepreneurship.

Matt Levine SOM ’14, who was spontaneously brought on stage by Ohanian at the start of his talk to exemplify Ohanian’s point about all individuals having innovative ideas, said he shared the speaker’s proactive stance toward entrepreneurship.

“It’s not just a fancy word, it’s about getting out there and doing it,” Levine said.

“That’s something I’ve always believed.”

Aly Moore ’14 agreed, adding that one message from the talk particularly resonated with her — the concept of entrepreneurs being people who both have ideas and decide to execute them.

April Koh ’14, who is planning to start a company with Moore, focused on a slightly different message.

“He really shattered the notion of elitism that we have at this university,” Koh said.

“It doesn’t really matter what your background is, or what your skills are. If you really want to do something, then you can accomplish it.”

According to the web traffic data collector Alexa.com, Reddit is currently the 30th most popular website in the United States.

Contact GRANT BRONSDON at grant.bronsdon@yale.edu .

With the winter season approaching, homeless shelters in New Haven are preparing for an influx of clients during the coldest weeks of the year.

To accommodate more people, shelter leaders will utilize the maximum amount of space available in shelters, which they said is routine around the holidays.

In addition to using more space in the shelter, those who run New Haven’s shelters are working to combat the cold. A group of people gathered in City Hall on Wednesday to pick up winter wear collected by the citywide coat drive that was organized on Nov. 15. In order to spread holiday cheer, the shelters are also busy planning holiday meals for clients.

Columbus House, a local shelter, already opened their overflow space, which provides additional bedding for the homeless, on Nov. 15 and intends to keep it open until Apr. 15, said Director of Programs and Services Letticia BrownGambino. She said the overflow space accomodates 75 men.

“No one stays out in the cold,” Brown-Gambino said. “If the weather is harsh and folks don’t have programs to go to during the day, they can stay in.”

Both Columbus House and Emergency Shelter Management Services, another local organization, adjust their rules for clients in the daytime during the winter months. On days when the outside temperature is below freezing, ESMS allows clients to stay inside and provides lunch. Usually clients leave the shelter by 7:00 or 7:30 in the morning, said ESMS Program Manager Walter Brunson.

Brunson said that while the volume of people approaching ESMS for support will rise, the shelter will carry out all programs

as usual.

Paul Kosowsky, vice president of program operations at Youth Continuum, said he expects to accommodate more infants and toddlers this year. Youth Continuum provides support for 200250 young people under the age of 26, many of whom have children of their own. Though there are hundreds of youth in need of services, the shelter can only provide housing for 40 clients, Kosowsky said, but added that they are all invited to partake in the organization’s holiday festivities.

If the weather is harsh and folks don’t have programs to go to during the day, they can stay in.

LETTICIA BROWN-GAMBINO Director of Programs and Services, Columbus House The staff at Youth Continuum will prepare a special Christmas dinner from food that is collected through donations, Kosowsky added. He said that in case the shelter lacks donations, Youth Continuum will reach out to organizations such as YHHAP for additional resources.

YHHAP Coordinators Julia Calagiovanni ’15 and Shea Jennings ’16 said that winter is challenging for YHHAP because homeless citizens need both a place to sleep and shelter from the New England winter weather during the day, but space in shelters is limited.

Clients at ESMS will receive gifts, usually clothes, from the shelter’s volunteers.

Contact ERICA PANDEY at erica.pandey@yale.edu .

Non-profit CEO explains entrepreneurship

BY ABIGAIL BESSLER CONTRIBUTING REPORTER On Thursday afternoon, nonprofit leader Ned Breslin explained social entrepreneurship to Yale undergraduates through punk music.

Breslin — the CEO of Water for People, an American-based nonprofit that works to establish long-lasting, safe drinking water resources in developing countries — came to campus as the first-ever speaker of InnovateHealth Yale, the School of Public Health’s new enterprise program. Breslin’s talk, which was entitled “The Fighter, the Skateboarder and the Punk: Unusual Clues on Social Entrepreneurism from the Edges,” focused on the habits of effective entrepreneurs, using himself, martial artist Cameron Conway and skateboarder Rodney Mullen as representative of entrepreneurial spirit.

“Social entrepreneurs have to be a little edgy, maybe even a little angry,” he said after playing his first punk sample, a song by 1980s band Black Flag. “They tend to come at problems not dependent on the institutions in place but questioning them.”

Heeding the advice of one of his professors at St. Lawrence College, Breslin said he joined a water project in northern Kenya in 1987; he ended up remaining in Kenya for 20 years. In 2011, Breslin received the Skoll Award for Social Entrepreneurship and is now recording a podcast series for Stanford Business School on social entrepreneurship.

Social entrepreneurs are often successful because of hard experiences growing up, Breslin said.

He recounted his own childhood — in which he was a victim of sexual abuse — as an anchor for his personal growth, adding that punk music helped him from an early age.

“A lot of people who came to punk were a bit like myself: isolated, abandoned, beaten and alone,” Breslin said, referencing Conway and Mullen’s struggles with bullying and abusive fathers. “The institutions that were really designed to protect us actually didn’t.”

Turning away from his personal life to the topic of his nonprofit, Breslin compared social entrepreneurship to a mosh pit, saying that entrepreneurs must take risks and trust that their communities will taken an active interest.

Water For People recently developed a new strategic plan that includes a 10-year monitoring program of water systems and also strives for an increased level of involvement with local institutions in the developing countries themselves.

“Either our program works, and we change the mosh pit direction, or we fail and we close,” said Breslin about the new initiative. “Outside of your comfort zone, you create greater beauty.”

Breslin also emphasized the value of helping others more than serving oneself. Six years ago, Water for People created the Field Level Operations Watch (FLOW), a monitoring tool for

KEN YANAGISAWA/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Ned Breslin gave a talk Thursday that illustrated the process of creating a successful nonprofit through analogies to his own life experiences. water and sanitation projects, but the organization decided to give other organizations the license to use and develop the program as well.

“We could have held FLOW and made a bazillion dollars,” Breslin said. “But we are so focused on that outcome of water flowing every day that we offered it out.”

FLOW has now spread to four countries in Africa, in addition to 330 nongovernment organizations, the World Bank and The

United Nations Children’s Fund.

The tool is stronger and better than it could have ever been if Water for People had managed it alone, Breslin said.

In the talk, Breslin also said that the biggest problem with social entrepreneurs today is that they may be tempted to preoccupy themselves with fundraising and lose sight of larger goals.

“The key to Water for People is we’re fanatical monitors of our work,” Breslin said. “We see

this outcome, but we don’t have enough money to get there. In some senses, not having enough money to get there has made us more creative.”

At the end of his talk, Breslin asked for audience suggestions on how to improve his presentation, then offered to send interested students a CD of his favorite punk music.

Michael Marcel ’16 and Noelle Villa ’16 both said they enjoyed how Breslin conveyed aspects of his own life in the presentation.

“It was certainly not what I was expecting, but I liked how he connected his personal life to his business,” Marcel said, adding that he is not generally a fan of punk music, but is now reconsidering. “It’s not as bad as I thought,” he said.

Breslin will be giving the keynote speech at the Social Entrepreneurship Institute Shubert Theater event on Dec. 6.

Contact ABIGAIL BESSLER at abigail.bessler@yale.edu .

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PAGE 8

YALE DAILY NEWS · FRIDAY, DECEMBER 6, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

WORLD

“[Mandela] is at the epicentre of our time, ours in South Africa, and yours, wherever you are.” NADINE GORDIMER SOUTH AFRICAN WRITER

Nelson Mandela, Africa’s peacemaker, dies

BY CHRISTOPHER TORCHIA AND MARCUS ELIASON ASSOCIATED PRESS JOHANNESBURG Nelson Mandela was a master of forgiveness.

South Africa’s first black president spent nearly a third of his life as a prisoner of apartheid, yet he sought to win over its defeated guardians in a relatively peaceful transition of power that inspired the world.

As head of state, the former boxer, lawyer and inmate lunched with the prosecutor who argued successfully for his incarceration. He sang the apartheid-era Afrikaans anthem at his inauguration and traveled hundreds of miles to have tea with the widow of the prime minister in power at the time he was sent to prison.

It was this generosity of spirit that made Mandela, who died Thursday at the age of 95, a global symbol of sacrifice and reconciliation in a world often jarred by conflict and division.

Mandela’s stature as a fighter against apartheid — the system of white racist rule he called evil — and a seeker of peace with his enemies was on a par with that of other men he admired: American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. and Indian independence leader Mohandas K. Gandhi, both of whom were assassinated while actively engaged in their callings.

Mandela’s death deprived the world of one of one of the great figures of modern history and set the stage for days of mourning and reflection about a colossus of the 20th century who projected astonishing grace, resolve and good humor.

Dressed in black, South African President Jacob Zuma made the announcement on television.

He said Mandela died “peacefully,” surrounded by family, at around 8:50 p.m.

“We’ve lost our greatest son.

Our nation has lost its greatest son. Our people have lost a father,” Zuma said. “Although we knew that this day would come, nothing can diminish our sense of a profound and enduring loss.”

At times, Mandela embraced his iconic status, appearing before a rapturous crowd in London’s Wembley Stadium soon after his 1990 release from prison. Sometimes, he sought to downplay it, uneasy about the perils of being put on a pedestal.

In an unpublished manuscript, written while in prison, Mandela acknowledged that leaders of the anti-apartheid movement dominated the spotlight but said they were “only part of the story,” and every activist was “like a brick which makes up our organization.”

He pondered the cost to his family of his dedication to the fight against the racist system of government that jailed him for 27 years and refused him permission to attend the funeral of his mother and of a son who was killed in a car crash. In court, he described himself as “the loneliest man” during his mid-1990s divorce from Winnie Mandela. As president, he could not forge lasting solutions to poverty, unemployment and other social ills that still plague today’s South Africa, which has strug-

gled to live up to its rosy depiction as the “Rainbow Nation.”

He secured near-mythical status in his country and beyond.

Last year, the South African central bank released new bank notes showing his face, a robust, smiling image of a man who was meticulous about his appearance and routinely exercised while in prison. South Africa erected statues of him and named buildings and other places after him.

He shared the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize with F.W. de Klerk, the country’s last white president.

He was the subject of books, films and songs and a magnet for celebrities.

In 2010, Mandela waved to the crowd at the Soccer City stadium at the closing ceremony of the World Cup, whose staging in South Africa allowed the country, and the continent, to shine internationally. It was the last public appearance for the former president and prisoner, who smiled broadly and was bundled up against the cold.

One of the most memorable of his gestures toward racial harmony was the day in 1995 when he strode onto the field before the Rugby World Cup final in Johannesburg, and then again after the game, when he congratulated the home team for its victory over a tough New Zealand team. Mandela was wearing South African colors and the overwhelmingly white crowd of 63,000 was on its feet, chanting “Nelson! Nelson! Nelson!”

Let freedom reign. The sun shall never set on so glorious a human achievement!

NELSON MANDELA Former president, South Africa It was typical of Mandela to march headlong into a bastion of white Afrikanerdom — in this case the temple of South African rugby — and make its followers feel they belonged in the new South Africa.

The moment was portrayed in “Invictus,” Clint Eastwood’s movie telling the story of South Africa’s transformation through the prism of sport.

It was a moment half a century in the making. In the 1950s, Mandela sought universal rights through peaceful means but was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964 for leading a campaign of sabotage against the government. The speech he gave during that trial outlined his vision and resolve.

“During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people,” Mandela said. “I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve.

But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”

He was confined to the harsh Robben Island prison near Cape Town for most of his time behind

bars, then moved to jails on the mainland. It was forbidden to quote him or publish his photo, yet he and other jailed members of his banned African National Congress were able to smuggle out messagesof guidance to the anti-apartheid movement, and in the final stages of his confinement, he negotiated secretly with the apartheid leaders who recognized change was inevitable.

Thousands died, or were tortured or imprisoned in the decades-long struggle against apartheid, which deprived the black majority of the vote, the right to choose where to live and travel, and other basic freedoms.

So when inmate No. 46664 went free after 27 years, walking hand-in-hand with his then wife, Winnie, out of a prison on the South African mainland, people worldwide rejoiced.

Mandela raised his right fist in triumph, and in his autobiography, “Long Walk to Freedom,” he would write: “As I finally walked through those gates … I felt — even at the age of seventy-one — that my life was beginning anew.”

Mandela’s release, rivaled the fall of the Berlin Wall just a few months earlier as a symbol of humanity’s yearning for freedom, and his graying hair, raspy voice and colorful shirts made him a globally known figure.

Life, however, imposed new challenges on Mandela.

South Africa’s white rulers had portrayed him as the spearhead of a communist revolution and insisted that black majority rule would usher in bloody chaos. Thousands died in factional fighting in the run-up to democratic elections in 1994, and Mandela accused the government of collusion in the bloodshed. But voting day, when long lines of voters waited patiently to cast ballots, passed peacefully, as did Mandela’s inauguration as president “Never, never and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another and suffer the indignity of being the skunk of the world,” the new president said. “Let freedom reign. The sun shall never set on so glorious a human achievement! God bless Africa! Thank you.”

Mandela also stood hand on heart, saluted by white generals as he sang along to two anthems, now one: the apartheid-era Afrikaans “Die Stem,” (“The Voice”) and the African “Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika” (“Lord Bless Africa”).

Since apartheid ended, South Africa has held four parliamentary elections and elected three presidents, always peacefully, setting an example on a continent where democracy is still new and fragile. However, corruption scandals and other missteps under the ruling African National Congress, the liberation group once led by Mandela, have undercut some of the early promise.

Zuma periodically observes that the South African white minority is far wealthier than the black majority, an imbalance that he regards as a vestige of the apartheid system that bestowed most economic benefits on whites.

JOHN MINCHILLO/ASSOCIATED PRESS

Pedestrians pass beneath the Apollo Theatre marquee commemorating the life of Nelson Mandela.

YALE DAILY NEWS 路 FRIDAY, DECEMBER 6, 2013 路 yaledailynews.com

PAGE 9

YALE DAILY NEWS ¡ FRIDAY, DECEMBER 6, 2013 ¡ yaledailynews.com

PAGE 10

BULLETIN BOARD

TODAY’S FORECAST

TOMORROW

Rain likely, mainly after 3pm. Cloudy, with a high near 50.

North wind 7 to 11 mph.

SUNDAY

High of 42, low of 22.

High of 36, low of 29.

SCIENCE HILL BY SPENCER KATZ

ON CAMPUS FRIDAY, DECEMBER 6 12:00 p.m. “Re-sublimating the Dancing Body in 20th-Century Iran.� This lecture will examine the emergence of the popular entertainment cabaret scene and its (female) dancing body in light of 20th-century domestic urban transformations and bio-politics; the socio-economics of the popular stage; the formation of cultural categories; and the ideological discourses on public performance. Luce Hall (34 Hillhouse Ave.), Rm. 202.

1:30 p.m. “History at the Academy and the Salon.� This presentation is the eleventh lecture in the Yale University’s Art Gallery’s fall series “Let This Be a Lesson: Heroes, Heroines, and Narrative in Paintings at Yale,� a semester-long lecture series with John Walsh, director emeritus of the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles. Yale University Art Gallery (1111 Chapel St.).

THAT MONKEY BY MICHAEL KANDALAFT

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 7 2:30 p.m. Wendell Berry, Poet, Philosopher, Farmer. A pioneering and influential advocate for change, Wendell Berry has spent more than 50 years helping to shape the movements for agricultural and ecological sustainability. His relationship to his Kentucky farm has been compared to Thoreau’s to the forest.

Shubert Theater (247 Wall St.).

7:00 p.m. “No Country for Old Men.� Presented jointly by the Yale Film Society and Films at the Whitney, this Coen Brothers neo-Western thriller tells the story of a man receives a fortune that is not his. The movie has received many accolades in the film world, and is widely regarded as the Coen Brothers’ best film.

Whitney Humanities Center (53 Wall St.), Aud.

SUNDAY, DECEMBER 8 1:00 p.m. “Sound Aestheics: Motifs and Murmurs, Trills and Booms.� At this open forum, the Office of Undergraduate Production is presenting a talk about sound design and effects by peer mentor Janine. Open to students only. Broadway Rehearsal Lofts (294 Elm St.), UP Office.

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2 How soldiers may lie 3 Gratify the baser side of 4 Have the lead 5 Shellfish morsels 6 Lines from the center 7 33-Down’s homeland 8 Open-mouthed 9 Western landform 10 ClichĂŠd 11 Happy hour morsel 12 Makes amends 13 Rub the wrong way 21 Manjula’s husband on “The Simpsonsâ€?

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YALE DAILY NEWS · FRIDAY, DECEMBER 6, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 11

SPORTS

Point lead at the close of the Bulls-Heat game

20

After Derrick Rose shattered hearts with a torn medial meniscus on Nov. 25, it seemed that the Chicago Bulls’ hopes were dashed. Despite this, the Bulls took charge of their game against Miami Heat on Thursday, giving the Eastern Conf. No. 2 team their second loss in a row.

Men’s hockey offense surprises HOCKEY OFFENSE FROM PAGE 12 dian scored 19 and 15 goals.

Despite winning the national championship, the Bulldogs were not known as a high scoring team.

Yale finished the 2012–’13 season ranked 24th in the nation in team offense, averaging 2.89 goals per game. The Elis had a total of five games where the team scored more than four goals.

Yet with only 10 games played so far this year, the Elis have already etched five games where the team has tallied more than four goals. Going into the season, the Elis were expected to lean heavily on an experienced d-core that returned all top four defensemen, as well as a few key players on offense. However, the offense has unexpectedly exhibited depth this year.

“The best part about our offense this season is that the scoring has been spread out,” captain Jesse Root ’14 said. “Everybody in the lineup, from forwards to defensemen, is contributing and that’s what has made us effective so far.”

Many looked to wing Kenny Agostino ’14 and Root to be the main scoring threats for the Bulldogs. Agostino has tallied eight points, while Root leads the team with six goals. But the preseason all ECAC team selection and captain, respectively, have by no means been the only offensive contributors this season.

Seven players have posted seven

or more points already. Additionally, 16 players on Yale’s roster have registered a goal so far, including 11 with two or more. Each class has put in its share of goalscoring. The sophomore class leads the team with 11 goals while the senior, junior and freshmen classes each have eight goals.

“We have a relentless attack all over the ice,” forward Mike Doherty ’17 said. “We like to transition quickly and catch teams off guard. Our hard work on the forcheck has helped us create chances and score goals around the crease.

Our quick pace tends to wear teams down when they can’t keep up with our speed.”

A number of unexpected players headline the Bulldogs’ scoring thus far. Before falling victim to a knee injury three games ago, forward Anthony Day ’15 led the team in points, posting three goals and four assists through seven games. The Buffalo, N.Y. native had eclipsed his career high of six points and looked lively.

Returning forwards Carson Cooper ’16, Stu Wilson ‘16 and Trent Ruffolo ’15 have also contributed heavily. Cooper, with two goals and six assists, has improved his numbers from his inaugural season, during which he posted five points. Wilson has picked up from an impressive freshman campaign and is tied for second on the team with three goals. Ruffolo, with seven points, is on pace to smash his career-high of 13 points.

Another key to the Yale offense has been the Yale blueline, as its top four skaters have amassed 19 points between them. Move-thepuck defenseman Tommy Fallen ’15 has posted seven points with two goals and five assists to his name. Ryan Obuchowski ’14, who is similarly offensively inclined, has registered five points. Rob O’Gara ’16 and Gus Young ’14, both of whom scored in last weekend’s game against Merrimack, have also thrown their hats in the ring, each adding four points.

The most surprising element of Yale’s offense, however, has been the freshman class. The class of 2017 has consistently put four forwards on the ice each night. In ten games, the rookies have combined for 20 points. This includes eight goals, two of which — including Chris Izmirlian’s ’17 overtime goal last Saturday — were game winners. So far, the freshman have accounted for 22 percent of Yale’s offense, which is the most since the 2007-’08 season when rookies compiled 31.8 percent of the season’s points.

“Our class has a lot of talent offensively,” Doherty said. “[Frankie DiChiara ’17] and [John Hayden’17] are two big strong forwards who use their bodies well and have a lot of skill on the puck [Izmirlian], my linemate last year in juniors, is extremely smart and great with the puck as well. He has a great release and can find the open man. Overall we can create a

Elis face ‘Cats

JENNIFER CHEUNG/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

No. 17 Frankie DiChiara ’17 is member of a freshman class that has catalyzed the Bulldog offense. lot of scoring chances.”

Doherty, who has been skating with Root and Agostino on the Eli’s top line, currently leads the team with 9 points. The Reading, Mass. native had his best night against Colgate on Nov. 22 when he scored and added two assists.

DiChiara has popped up with five points, including the assist for the overtime winning goal last weekend. Izmirlian leads the rookies in scoring with three goals.

Hayden, a Chicago Blackhawks

third round draft pick, has been a force to reckon with on the ice, using his 6’3”, 210-pound frame to tally three points so far.

The freshman and the rest of the Yale offense will have to continue to execute as Root and Day remain out, injured for this weekend’s games.

“We’re going to have to have guys step up into those roles left open by Day and Root,” Cooper said. “Izmilrilan is a great example, scoring an overtime winner

for us. He stepped up into an open center spot and brought what we needed.”

The Bulldogs will hope to capture a victory this weekend again opponents Dartmouth and Harvard. In the past two seasons, seven of Yale’s eight matchups with these Ivy foes have resulted in games that totaled more than six goals.

Contact FREDERICK FRANK at frederick.frank@yale.edu .

En garde to fencing season

JENNIFER CHEUNG/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

The men’s fencing team finished fifth at Ivy League championships last season, while the women’s team placed seventh.

BY LINDSEY UNIAT STAFF REPORTER

WA LIU/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The men’s basketball team ranks second among Ivy League teams in steals per game.

MEN’S BASKETBALL FROM PAGE 12 steals, going 4–7 from the field.

“You want to come from losses and get better from them,” Sears said. “In the future, when we play Ivy League games and we’re playing Columbia or when we’re playing Dartmouth, we can understand that we don’t need to be shooting threes at that percentage, but attacking the basket.”

The Elis (4–4, 0–0 Ivy) are currently giving up 7.4 threes per game and allowing opponents to shoot 0.418 from behind the arc while struggling to score from three point land themselves. On Saturday, they will have to contend with a team that has several good long-distance options.

New Hampshire’s leading scorer, forward Patrick Konan, shoots 39.3 percent from distance. But the Wildcats (2–5, 0–0 AEC) boast three other players who are shooting above 35 percent on threes. While the squad has lost its last five games, it is shooting 0.386 from beyond the arc over the

same span.

The Elis remain a formidable team because of their rebounding and ability to force turnovers. Yale is second in the Ivy League, behind Harvard, in steals per game (7.2) and tied with Columbia for fourth in rebound margin per game (3.4).

After Saturday’s game, the Elis will go on the road for three games, including two televised games at Providence and Saint Louis. But for now, the goal is simple. According to Duren, the Elis are determined to get better, and they know how to do it.

“Penetrating; not settling for shots,” Duren said. “Get back to our strengths of getting shots at the basket, getting more post touches. We’ll watch film and we’ll just try to get better for Saturday.”

The Elis will tip off against the Wildcats in John J. Lee Amphitheater 4:30 p.m. on Saturday.

Contact DIONIS JAHJAGA at dionis.jahjaga@yale.edu .

After three months of fall training, the men’s and women’s fencing teams will begin their competitive season this weekend as they travel to Waltham, Mass. for the Brandeis Invitational on Sunday.

The Bulldogs are scheduled to take on Brandeis, MIT, BC, Air Force Academy and St. Johns in all three weapon categories: foil, épée and sabre. While the annual tournament is usually the team’s second of the season, an earlier competition was cancelled in November, making Brandeis the 2013-’14 teams’ debut.

Members of both the women’s and men’s squads said they are excited to begin competing after practicing all semester.

“The team has worked incredibly hard over the past few months, demonstrating remarkable determination and dedication,” men’s captain Cor-

nelius Saunders ’14 said. “The training has resulted in visible improvement in individual performances.”

Last year in the Brandeis Invitational, the men’s team beat five opponents, losing only to St. Johns.

Peter Cohen ’14 said that he thinks the team is capable of sweeping the tournament this year.

Both Cohen and Hugh O’Cinneide ’15 qualified for the NCAA National Championship last March, finishing in 17th in épée and 11th in sabre, respectively. The team hopes to send more athletes to nationals this season, Cohen said.

Benjamin Mappin-Kasirer ’14 said he is optimistic about the upcoming season and thinks that the new freshmen have had a positive influence on team dynamic. He added that the team is well-balanced this year, both across class years and weapons.

The women’s squad is looking to improve on last year’s result at

Brandeis, where it beat MIT and lost to five other opponents. Women’s captain Lauren Miller ’15 said the team is well prepared for the upcoming tournament.

“I think we can bring our fencing up another level this year,” she said.

“We have several talented new members and we’ve been working hard all year. With the right mentality going into competitions, we can definitely improve our performance over last season’s.”

Miller and Madeline Oliver ’13 represented the Yale women’s team at the NCAA National Championship last year, alongside Cohen and O’Cinneide. Miller placed 13th in the foil competition and Oliver finished 10th in the saber competition.

The Bulldogs will next compete against Sacred Heart in a home tournament on Jan. 18.

Contact LINDSEY UNIAT at lindsey.uniat@yale.edu .

Yale hockey takes on rivals MEN’S HOCKEY FROM PAGE 12 in having lost four of its last six ECAC games. The matchup serves as a preview of next month’s game, when the two foes battle in Madison Square Garden on Jan. 11. But this matchup should feature high tensions at Ingalls Rink.

“Everybody’s pretty excited for Harvard. The building’s going to be rocking that night,” Lyon said. “Staying focused but embracing the atmosphere is going to be big.”

O’Gara said that though the Elis will face the Crimson again very soon after this weekend, the team’s preparation will not change.

Stopping Harvard forwards Kyle Criscuolo and Jimmy Vesey, whose

seven goals each are more than any Yale player on the year, will be key to the Bulldogs’ chances at victory. The Elis need their leading scorer, forward Mike Doherty ’17, to put the puck past Cantab goalie Raphael Girard, who ranks 10th in the nation at just 1.85 goals allowed per game.

Penalties figure to play a key role in this weekend’s contests, with each of the Elis’ opponents excelling on one facet of special teams. Dartmouth is second in the country in power play percentage, converting 27.78% of their opportunities on the season. Harvard, meanwhile, is third in the nation in penalty killing, preventing its opposition from scoring 90.5% of the time.

The Bulldogs have not had much

luck stopping penalties, allowing goals on 25% of their shorthanded opportunities, second-to-last in the conference. But Yale has stayed out of the penalty box, incurring the wrath of the officials for just 8:20 minutes per game.

“We’ve been working on our penalty kill quite a bit,” Lyon said. “They’ve got a couple pretty good defensemen who can shoot the puck, so the main thing is blocking shots and getting in shooting lanes.”

After this weekend, Yale next plays on Dec. 27 against the Russian Red Stars in an exhibition game.

Contact GRANT BRONSDON at grant.bronsdon@yale.edu .

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PRINCETON INVITATIONAL WOMEN’S SWIMMING AND DIVING In the Bulldogs’ final competition before winter break halts competition until January, the swimming and diving team will travel to New Jersey to take on five other squads at the Princeton Invitational. Yale will compete Friday, Saturday and Sunday.

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“I think we can bring our fencing up another level this year.”

LAUREN MILLER ’15

FENCING

YALE DAILY NEWS · FRIDAY, DECEMBER 6, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

Elis look to bounce MEN’S BASKETBALL

BY DIONIS JAHJAGA STAFF REPORTER After a disastrous shooting performance against Bryant, the Yale men’s basketball team will look for redemption on Saturday when it hosts New Hampshire.

Against Bryant on Wednesday, the Bulldogs shot 39.3 percent from the floor and just 3–21 from deep, their lowest outing of the season. Though the Elis led by four at the end of the first half, they were unable to stop Bryant on the other end of the court in the second half, falling 72–64.

Overall, Bryant shot 52.0 percent from the field and 40.0 percent from distance for the game.

Head coach James Jones said the team has to be able to overcome its shooting woes to win games.

“We didn’t play well against Hartford earlier [in the year] and we were able to win the game,” Jones said. “Sometimes you have to win a game where you don’t shoot the ball well.”

Forward Justin Sears ’16 struggled with foul trouble and managed just 10 points and four rebounds. Guard Javier Duren ’15 led the team with 17 points, six boards and three assists, going 7–15 from the field despite missing all seven of his three point attempts. Before fouling out with 13 seconds left, guard Nick Victor ’16 contributed nine points, six rebounds and two SEE M. BASKETBALL PAGE 11

JENNIFER CHEUNG/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

The women’s basketball team will look to carry momentum from its 72-61 victory over Bryant on Wednesday into Saturday’s matchup

BY ASHLEY WU CONTRIBUTING REPORTER The women’s basketball team will face a tough task on Saturday, as Army will visit New Haven for the two teams’ 28th overall meeting.

WOMEN’S BASKETBALL

WA LIU/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The Bulldogs will take on New Hampshire at the John J. Lee Amphitheater on Saturday.

Hockey offense packs bite

BY FREDERICK FRANK STAFF REPORTER Coming into the 2013–’14 season, many doubted the No. 8 men’s hockey team’s ability to recover from the graduations of Andrew Miller ’13 and Antoine Laganiere ’13 up front. But Yale’s offense has not skipped a beat, ranking 12th in the nation with 3.50 goals per game this year.

MEN’S HOCKEY “Replacing those guys was a hard task, but we’ve had a great group of freshmen that have added to our offense,” wing Carson Cooper ’16 said. “Also, the juniors and sophomores have stepped into more ice time and have been able to contribute.”

Despite being picked as this year’s preseason favorites to win the ECAC regular season by ECAC coaches, the Bulldogs figured to struggle without Miller, Yale’s alltime assist leader and Laganiere, one of the most dominant powerforwards on the ice last season.

Both graduated and headed to the NHL following last season.

Yale to joust against Black Knights

JENNIFER CHEUNG/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

Yale’s offense ranks 12th in the nation this year after finishing 24th last season.

Miller, Yale’s captain last season, was signed by the Edmonton Oilers. The Michigan native has skated in 22 games for the team’s AHL affiliate, Oklahoma City, and has registered nine points so far this year. In high school, he was named Mr. Hockey in Michigan in

2006, and for Yale, registered over 34 points in all four of his seasons.

He notched a career-high in goals in last year’s championship season, lighting the lamp 18 times.

Laganiere joined the Anaheim Ducks and has spent the season with AHL affiliate Norfolk Admi-

rals, playing in 22 games and posting three points. A former prepschool standout at Deerfield, he was constantly a goal-scoring threat for the Elis, especially in his last two seasons, when the CanaSEE HOCKEY OFFENSE PAGE 11

Yale (4–4, 0–0 Ivy) enters the game with momentum, having defeated Bryant (2–5, 0–0 NEC) on Wednesday night. The Bulldogs will face the Black Knights (6–1, 0–0 Patriot), who have won six straight following their season-opening loss.

The Elis snapped a threegame losing streak on Tuesday and are looking for their second straight home win on the second of their four game homestand.

Although the squad earned a strong win against Bryant, turnovers still marred the Bulldog offense, as the team turned the ball over 19 times. This was countered by the fact that Bryant was equally prone to mistakes, giving away possession 26 times.

“For the next game we want to value our possessions more and execute better,” forward Meredith Boardman ’16 said. “We were really excited to bounce back from tough losses and we feel like we have gotten to a pivotal place in our season.”

Yale struggled shooting during three tough games over Thanksgiving break — including defeats to two teams that made the postseason last year — by averaging just 24.6 percent from behind the arc. But against Bryant, the Bulldogs hit a seasonhigh 11 three-pointers on 42.3 percent shooting from beyond the three-point line. Yale also converted 39.7 percent of its field goals, a rate which is above the team’s season average of 36.6 percent.

The Elis will look to continue their momentum against Army, who were the co-champions of the Patriot League last season with Navy.

“Our win over Bryant helps us build momentum and confidence for the other two games we have this week,” guard Hayden Latham ’15 said. “Army will be a tough competitor and will make us play all 40 minutes, so it will be crucial that we keep up our focus and our energy. I think we will have a very good shot at winning on Saturday if we bring both aspects to our game.

Army was predicted to finish second in the Patriot League in the conference’s preseason poll following its postseason berth last spring in the WNIT, where the Black Knights fell to Fordham in the first round. Yale faced Fordham earlier this season, losing 80–52.

Army features guard Kelsey Minato, who was the Patriot League player and rookie of the year last season as well as a preseason pick this season for the All-Patriot League team. She led the Black Knights in scoring with 16 points in Army’s last game, a 73-48 victory over Morgan State (1–4, 0–0 MEAC).

Army has a high-powered offense that has eclipsed the 70-point mark three times this season. The potent threat will be a good test for the Bulldogs defense, which played pressure defense against Bryant down the stretch. Yale totaled 16 steals and three blocks against Bryant.

“Well, Bryant was definitely a good team, but Army is probably better, so this was a good warm-up, just getting another win under us coming off of the break,” guard Sarah Halejian ’15 said. “It got our confidence back up, and hopefully that will carry over to Saturday.”

The Bulldogs will be looking to avenge last year’s loss, when the Black Knights defeated the Elis 53–47 at West Point. Army holds the series advantage 17–10.

Tip off is Saturday at 2 p.m. at John J. Lee Amphitheater.

Contact ASHLEY WU at ashley.e.wu@yale.edu .

Bulldogs look for sweep of Big Green, Crimson

BY GRANT BRONSDON CONTRIBUTING REPORTER The Yale men’s hockey team stays home this weekend for its final conference games of 2013 against Dartmouth and Harvard.

Coming off a thrilling 3–2 overtime victory against Merrimack

last Saturday, the No. 8 Bulldogs (6–2–2, 3–1–2 ECAC) are hoping to continue their winning ways.

MEN’S HOCKEY “Our main goal is obviously to come away with two wins,” defenseman Rob O’Gara ’16 said. “Play-

ing a better team game is something else we are focused on.”

Dartmouth (1–8–0, 1–6–0) currently sits in last place in the conference, one point behind Brown. The Big Green possess one of the worst defenses in the nation, allowing 4.67 goals per game, which ranks 57th out of 59 Divi-

STAT OF THE DAY 8

sion I teams.

The fact that Dartmouth struggles to defend, however, does not mean much to O’Gara.

“I don’t think there is a big strategy shift,” O’Gara said. “I think we should…play fast Yale hockey to hopefully take advantage of a possible weakness.”

But no matter how many goals the Elis can net, one major question facing Yale is the goalie situation. A pair of freshmen, Alex Lyon ’17 and Patrick Spano ’17, has split all 10 games between the pipes. Lyon played the entirety of last week’s game against Merrimack except for 10 seconds of an

empty net, as well as both games the weekend before against Colgate and Cornell. Lyon, however, said he did not know who would start against Dartmouth as of press time.

Harvard (4–6–1, 2–5–1) comes SEE M. HOCKEY PAGE 11

CONSECUTIVE GAMES TO START THIS SEASON IN WHICH MEN’S BASKETBALL TEAM FORWARD JUSTIN SEARS ’16 HAS SCORED IN DOUBLE DIGITS. The Plainfield, NJ native leads the Elis in scoring at 16.6 points per game and has started all eight of the Elis’ contests thus far.