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NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · TUESDAY, APRIL 21, 2015 · VOL. CXXXVII, NO. 125 · yaledailynews.com

INSIDE THE NEWS MORNING EVENING

CLOUDY CLEAR

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CROSS CAMPUS Prizewinner. Among Monday’s Pulitzer Prize winners was Elizabeth Kolbert ’83, who took home this year’s award for general nonfiction with her book, “The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History.” A staff writer for The New Yorker, Kolbert has established herself as an authority on environmental issues.

Much respect. We’d be remiss not to write about the other prizewinners. The Post and Courier, for example, received the Pulitzer for Public Service for “Till Death Do Us Part,” an in-depth series on domestic abuse in South Carolina.

Who needs a prize? The

Blackstone Group apparently already knows that it’s a big deal. A feature posted by ValueWalk.com on Monday made a careful point to highlight a quote by Stephen Schwarzman ’69 noting that “it’s six times harder to get a job as an analyst at Blackstone than to get into Harvard, Yale or Stanford.” One can only imagine how hard it was for Schwarzman to become the firm’s CEO.

FOOD FANTASY IMAGINING FOOD LEADS TO OBESITY

AN OPEN HOUSE

TAKING THE GAMBLE

Yale-NUS implements “open housing,” a gender neutral housing program.

BILL TO ADD MORE CASINOS MOVES FORWARD.

PAGES 12–13 SCI-TECH

PAGE 3 UNIVERSITY

PAGE 5 CITY

Grand Old Prescott. Florida

Senator and now-official 2016 presidential candidate Marco Rubio will be the keynote speaker for the Prescott Bush 1917 Awards Dinner in Stamford, Conn., on June 4.

Remember that, between three generations of Bushes and figures like William F. Buckley Jr. ’50, Yale does actually have quite the conservative legacy. And the Republicans on campus won’t let you forget it.

All in the grip. Yesterday,

YaleNews profiled an campus study on the importance of an advantage held by primates and humans: hand dexterity.

Thank nature by making sure you have a firm handshake.

THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY

1926 Polls conducted by the News to take the campus pulse on prohibition laws reveal a roughly three-to-one majority of people who believe that the federal ban on liquor has not reduced drinking at Yale.

Follow along for the News’ latest.

Facebook | Yale Daily News

ONLINE y MORE goydn.com/xcampus

Gobrecht’s departure sparks search for.new basketball coach.

PAGE 14 SPORTS

Yale to implement carbon pricing scheme

BY LARRY MILSTEIN STAFF REPORTER Yale will become one of the first institutions in higher education to implement a price on its carbon emissions.

In its 36-page report released Monday afternoon, the Presidential Carbon Charge Task Force recommended that Yale adopt an internal fee on the carbon dioxide emissions of University “units,” which include athletic facilities, academic departments, administrative offices and residential colleges.

Under the committee’s proposal, each unit would be assessed on their “net emissions,” which

is the difference of their actual emissions in the year over their adjusted base emissions rate during the previous three-year period. As a result, facilities and departments whose emissions grew faster than the University average across these units would incur a charge, while units with slower emission growth would receive a rebate.

“We look forward to piloting this concept in select units in the future, and to continued careful research and study as we consider potential wider implementation,” University President Peter Salovey wrote in the announcement. “We believe that this proposal can serve as

a model for other institutions, expanding Yale’s role as a pioneer in researching, teaching, and designing innovative solutions to climate change.”

Economics professor William Nordhaus ’63, who chaired the task force, stressed that the carbon charge should not be viewed as a “tax” or a way for the central administration to raise money.

The task force recommended that the charge be phased in within three years beginning in the 2015–16 academic year.

The period will allow the University to test the recommendations, make actual calculations of carbon emissions, and initiate the budget charges for

selected units. However, in his announcement, Salovey did not explicitly agree to a Universitywide implementation within that timeframe.

The report recommended the exact price of the charge for 2015 to be set at $40 per ton of carbon dioxide, the social cost of carbon emissions estimated by the federal government and used in federal legislation. With Yale emitting — directly or indirectly — roughly 300,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide per year, the total carbon-charge revenues would be approximately $12 million per year for the university, the report stated.

In an email to the News,

Three cultural houses to be renovated

Salovey said that he was interested in Yale becoming a “test case” for this carbon charge, which can then be studied to see how well such financial incentives work in changing behavior.

The pilot will also allow the University to consider the challenges in implementing such a program.

The report recommended the internal carbon pricing scheme be a “revenue neutral” charge, meaning the sum of all carbon charges across units total to zero, with no revenue directed towards the central administration. Still, some details — such as how to best divide the UniSEE CARBON PAGE 4

Financial aid: Balancing affordability and fairness

Y

One global guy. There is perhaps no better way to describe Fareed Zakaria ’86, the featured speaker at today’s School of Management event, than to celebrate the third anniversary of the Global Network for Advanced Management’s creation. Any guesses as to which major Zakaria — whose credentials include hosting CNN’s “Fareed Zakaria GPS” — would choose, were he to do Yale over again?

He does it all. Not to say that Zakaria is a one-trick pony: An article on the Huffington Post’s blog yesterday spoke in support of the Yalie’s most recent book, “In Defense of a Liberal Education,” taking a second to appreciate the ability to, very simply, read, think and write well. Pay attention, all you prefrosh choosing between Yale and Wharton.

THE SEARCH BEGINS

YALE DAILY NEWS

The Afro-American Cultural Center is one of three cultural houses that the University intends to renovate next year.

BY STAPHANY HOU AND VIVIAN WANG STAFF REPORTERS Four months after the first-ever external review of Yale’s four cultural centers revealed widespread problems, the University has released its plan to address those concerns.

The external consulting group’s report, released in December, highlighted issues ranging from rundown facilities to illdefined leadership roles. Now, after months of discussion and vocal student activism, the University said the majority of the group’s proposals will be implemented for the coming school year.

In a Monday afternoon email to the Yale community, Yale College Dean Jonathan Holloway, Graduate School Dean Lynn Cooley and University Secretary and Vice President for Student Life Kimberly GoffCrews promised to renovate three of the four houses, increase all of their budgets for the 2015–16 academic year, and restructure the roles of the cultural center directors. Specifically, the email promised renovations to the Asian American Cultural Center, La Casa SEE CULTURAL HOUSES PAGE 4

At 8:30 a.m. every weekday morning, Isiah Cruz ’17 leaves his dorm room in Ezra Stiles.

He grabs a quick breakfast, walks to the Office of Career Strategy and sits behind a desk on the third floor.

UPCLOSE

ented issues as well as issues that affect the broader New Haven community.

“I commit to being a partner and coworker for each of you,” Eidelson said after the Board approved her nomination.

Morrison pointed to Eidelson’s focus on reopening the Q House on Dixwell Avenue and her creation of the New Haven Youth Map — an online tool that connects city youth with affordable afterschool and summer programs — as highlights of her term.

Four hours later, he takes the elevator back down to Whitney Avenue and goes to class.

Cruz said he sends a portion of his paycheck to his parents in New Jersey to help them pay rent. For summer job interviews, Cruz had to spend more of his money on a suit. Other discretionary expenses soon grew beyond his student income, and this semester, he was forced to take out a loan.

As one of the nearly 2,800 recipients of need-based financial aid at Yale College, Cruz is expected to contribute toward his education. For the 2014–15 academic year, the “student effort” financial aid contribution — a combination of a student’s summer earnings and income from a term-time job that they must put towards their term bill — was between $4,475 and $6,400. The student effort is composed of a “student self-help” amount, intended to come from term-time work and set at $2,850 for freshmen and $3,350 for upperclassmen, and a “student income contribution” of $1,625 for freshmen and $3,050 for all other class years that is intended to derive from summer work.

While administrators note that these amounts can be fulfilled by working an average of nine to 11 hours a week at the campus minimum wage of $12 per hour, many students argue that this calculus neglects a broad

SEE BOARD OF ALDERS PAGE 4

SEE UP CLOSE PAGE 6

YALE DAILY NEWS

The Asian American Cultural Center will also undergo changes.

Eidelson named BoA minority leader

BY NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH AND ERICA PANDEY STAFF REPORTERS Shortly after the New Haven Board of Alders bid farewell to longtime president and Hill alder Jorge Perez, Ward 1 Alder Sarah Eidelson ’12 made it into the record books.

In a unanimous vote of approval from the Board, Eidelson was confirmed as the third officer, or the Board’s minority leader, making her the first Ward 1 alder to take a leadership position on the Board. That vote came after the Board hosted a sendoff ceremony for Perez, who has

ale currently has one of the most generous financial aid policies of any university, but students have recently called upon the administration to eliminate the “student effort” portion of financial aid packages — the amount recipients of aid are expected to contribute towards their education. While some administrators and experts argue that this contribution is fair and manageable, students on full need-based aid claim that the quality of their Yale experiences is suffering due to the expectation. TYLER FOGGATT reports.

served as alder for the Hill neighborhood for nearly 30 years. Perez is leaving the board to become the state’s banking commissioner, a post to which Gov. Dannel Malloy nominated him in February.

Eidelson was nominated for minority leader by Dixwell Alder Jeanette Morrison, who praised Eidelson’s “strong leadership qualities.” Fair Haven Alder Santiago Berrios-Bones and Westville Alder Adam Marchand GRD ’99 seconded Morrison’s nomination. Morrison, who represents four of Yale’s 12 residential colleges, said Eidelson has shown an ability to tackle Yale-ori-

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 21, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

OPINION J

.COMMENT “Don't marry Scott Stern unless you want to be nagged constantly.” yaledailynews.com/opinion

'11WORDSUMMARIES' ON ''IF YOU LOVE YALE, CRITIQUE IT'

Unite behind Make the world like Yale Hillary E

ust a week after the 2013 municipal elections here in New Haven, a group of Yale students started a campus branch of the national “Ready for Hillary” movement. At the time, I wrote a column (“Not Ready for Hillary, Yet,” Nov. 15, 2013) arguing that organizing so soon before the 2016 election both hurt Clinton’s national chances at success and, more importantly, detracted from the crucial midterm elections that Democrats went on to lose by wide margins.

I maintain those criticisms today, and I’ll go further to say that the only real accomplishment of the entire Ready for Hillary operation was handing the Clinton campaign a Twitter handle and lengthy email list.

All that said, it is now time for Democrats, progressives and liberals of all stripes to unite behind Hillary Clinton for the Democratic nomination and the 2016 general election.

First, let’s get one thing out of the way: Elizabeth Warren has zero interest in running for the presidency of the United States of America. And truthfully, we should be glad she isn’t running. The White House would stifle her voice in a way that the halls of the Senate cannot. In her safe Massachusetts Senate seat, she is able to fill Ted Kennedy’s role as the liberal lion of the Senate and act as the strong, beating heart of the Democratic Party. She can rail against Wall Street unfiltered and pass progressive policy out of the Senate to tackle student loans, banking regulations and safegaurd workers’ rights. In the Oval Office, she would be forced to put together a center-left coalition strong enough to win election and reelection in a way that did not alienate down-ballot Democrats in more conservative states like West Virginia and Kentucky. All of this, if she even wanted to run.

Second, if the last week is any indication, Clinton will go down as one of the most progressive presidents in American history. Already she has called for a constitutional amendment to overturn Citizens United, federal marriage equality and potentially an education policy more pro-teacher than Obama’s. And most importantly, her campaign is almost singularly focused on reducing the income inequality that has spread like wildfire in the postrecession recovery.

Third, forget what the critics say, the fact that she is a woman is a completely legitimate reason to rally behind her. I would not select a candidate solely because of her gender (hello Sarah Palin), but it is foolish to believe that having 43 subsequent white men as Commander in Chief did not take a severe psychological toll on generations of Americans and mold our culture in a way that

legitimized the opinions of men over wo m e n .

Gender only doesn’t matter to those who have been TYLER rivileged BLACKMON penough to live withBack to out its constraints.

Blackmon Even if none of the above were true, that the next president of the United States will ultimately determine the balance of the U.S. Supreme Court should seal the deal for every liberal in America.

Nearly every major issue progressives care about — healthcare, marriage equality, campaign finance and reproductive rights, to name just a few — has had to endure attacks from an activist conservative court.

Clinton stands alone in her ability to crush her Republican opposition and secure nominating power for the next four to eight years. We are blessed to have a candidate this cycle with sky-high name recognition and a fundraising prowess that will be next to impossible to beat. Democrats have not had three successive terms in the White House since Harry Truman was in office ... in 1953.

Our ability to make lasting change to the judicial system is reason alone to unite behind Clinton now.

Should other Democrats run? You bet. In fact, a Democratic primary with positive debates about policy will help both Clinton and the Democratic Party as a whole. But bashing Clinton before she has a chance to lay out a bold progressive agenda on inequality helps no one but the Republican Party.

Ultimately, however, Clinton deserves our energetic support. It’s hard to overstate just how transformational a Hillary Clinton presidency and a third term for Democrats in the White House would be for our country. And Republicans know it. Both the GOP and the Koch Brothers will spend the next 19 months lobbing everything they’ve got at us, and we need everyone on board if we are going to survive the onslaught of coming attacks.

So, yes, I’m now ready for Hillary. And I’m going to spend the next year and a half doing everything I can to give her the fuel she needs to break through that highest glass ceiling. I hope you’ll join me in what will prove to be an historic ride toward fundamentally changing our country for the better.

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COPYRIGHT 2015 — VOL. CXXXVII, NO. 125

Communities allow groups of people to share joys, sorrows, inside jokes, secrets, drinks and memories.

SCOTT most GREENBERG c oBut mmunities are more The Segue than groups of friends, and aren’t just reducible to the individuals who currently take part in them. Many communities at Yale began long before we arrived here and will continue long after we graduate. A community is an ethos we buy into, a history that becomes ours, a project we partake in and a legacy we continue.

When we join a community, we are instantly connected in some way to all of its past and future members, whether we’ve met them or not.

When I think about the most meaningful communities I’ve belonged to at Yale – the Slifka Center for Jewish Life, the Independent Party of the Yale Political Union and my a cappella group, Magevet – I think not only about the friendships I’ve formed but also about the institutions that have formed me.

Through taking part in the project of each community, emulating older members, mentoring younger ones and doing my best to leave a legacy, I like to think

I’ve grown to be a better and happier person.

So, I tell admitted students: many people make their best friends in college, but Yale is particularly good at creating friendships through communities.

Yet, the sort of tight-knit communities that exist at Yale simply aren’t as common in the outside world. In the 2000 book "Bowling Alone," the sociologist Robert Putnam describes how civic organizations and communal engagement have declined in America over the last few decades, leading to a weaker social fabric. Yale runs counter to this trend. The list of undergraduate organizations at Yale is almost certainly longer than a list of social, religious and civic organizations in my hometown of Edison, New Jersey (population 100,000), and I’d bet that almost all of Yale’s communities meet more frequently and spend more time together. Ask your parents, and see how much time they spend engaging with communities, compared to you.

Perhaps the outside world doesn’t have as many strong communities as Yale because of geography: It’s much easier to create a tight-knit group of friends if you all live within five minutes of walking distance from one another. Maybe it’s because Yale provides institutional mechanisms to find others with common interests — the extracurricular bazaar, for

instance — that don’t exist yet in wider society. It could be that adults simply spend more time working and thus have less free time to spend with communities than Yale students. And maybe, Yale is just an outlier, and the people who go here are much more interested in community than the average American.

But when I graduate, I will miss the tight-knit communities that I’ve found at Yale. And if we think that these types of communities are worthwhile, and that their existence makes life more meaningful, then we should try to replicate them in the world at large. We should make the world more like Yale, and invest ourselves in bringing people together.

When some of us invent new technologies or own businesses, we should ask how they can be used to bring communities together. When some of us plan cities and enact zoning laws, we should ask what sorts of physical spaces lend themselves to communal engagement.

This is a generalizable strategy. If you’re sad about graduation, ask: “How does the world fall short of Yale?” And then go out and change the world, to make it as bright as the college years we’ve loved so much.

SCOTT GREENBERG is a senior in Ezra Stiles College. This is his last column for the News. Contact him at scott.greenberg@yale.edu .

THAO DO/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR

GUEST COLUMNIST JEFFREY POWELL

TYLER BLACKMON is a junior in Jonathan Edwards College.

His column runs on alternate Tuesdays. Contact him at tyler.blackmon@yale.edu .

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EDITOR IN CHIEF Isaac Stanley-Becker

very year, on Bulldog Days, when admitted students ask me what I love about Yale, my answer always begins the same way: “Yale is a place that cares a lot about community.” I describe how residential colleges provide incoming freshmen with a group of friends from the first day they step onto campus. I explain how nearly every extracurricular activity at Yale also serves as a community, hosting social events and creating close personal relationships between members. And I talk about all of the other incredible communities at Yale: religious organizations, cultural houses, senior societies and even academic programs.

Looking back on my four years at Yale, I’ll miss many things when I graduate: the dynamic professors (and the academic gossip), the stacks in Sterling, the lively arts scene, the latenight conversations, the thrill of flipping through syllabi at the beginning of each semester and the privilege of relating my opinions to the loyal readers of this column each Tuesday. But what I’ll miss most about Yale are the tight-knit communities of which I’ve been a part.

In one sense, communities at Yale are simply established groups of friends with something in common. In this sense, communities are important because they make our Yale experiences more meaningful and less lonely.

Coaches as faculty L

ast year I published a column in the YDN (“Not jocks, just one of us,” Feb. 17, 2014) expressing my opinion that the accomplishments of Yale’s scholar-athletes should be viewed in the same light as students who excel in music, architecture, science, engineering or any other field. Being given All-Ivy honors is not unlike publishing a paper in an international science journal. Winning the Ivy League is no less admirable than performing in Carnegie Hall. Competing in the Olympics is comparable to having a book published. Winning an NCAA national championship is as hard as having a design chosen for a monument on the Washington Mall.

So, why is it that in many parts of the University community, athletic accomplishments, and those who achieve them, are not accorded equal admiration?

I suggest one possibility is that the mentors overseeing these endeavors have different status in the University. Students working on academic projects in the humanities and sciences are working under close supervision of faculty, while those pursuing athletic excellence are working with coaches. Faculty and coaches are accorded differ-

ent status in the University. The Department of Athletics is viewed very differently from the Department of History. The pursuits and interests of faculty are accorded greater reverence than those of coaches, and this trickles down to how students under them are viewed.

When I work with a student in my research lab, we go over his or her experiments and I give advice on how best to proceed to get a meaningful result. After trying, the student comes back and, especially if there is a failure, we go over how to modify the experiment, rethink what we are doing, etc. I then encourage them to go back and try again. I use my experience and knowledge to guide and, equally important, act as a cheerleader to get them to get back in there and try again. As my mentor, who was one of the greatest biologists of the 20th century, was fond of saying, science is 10 percent inspiration, 90 percent perspiration.

Any coach could identify with the foregoing paragraph, as could any professor in the music school or the English Department. This is exactly what we are all doing in our various venues. Professors know that only a minority of their students will go on to be profes-

sional musicians, writers or scientists, but we hope that the lessons they learn from us will serve them in whatever they do for the rest of their lives, in addition to enriching their lives by having experienced a multitude of ideas and disciplines. This is no different from what coaches aim for.

From my work with the Faculty Committee on Athletics, I’ve come into contact with various coaches and have acquired a deep respect for what they do, their devotion and their respect for the mission of the University.

At Yale, athletics is overseen by Athletics Director Tom Beckett, a remarkably devoted and strong leader who ensures, first and foremost, that the program adheres to the highest standard of ethics and traditions of a first-rate academic institution. In this, he is not unlike a dean.

The proper role of collegiate athletics has been called into question in recent years with stories of unethical abuse that are often shocking to those of us who have devoted our lives to the ideals of a university. I am proud to be at a place where, when it comes to athletics, we can hold our heads up high and have nothing to be ashamed of. Indeed, quite the contrary: We have something to

be very proud of.

Three weeks ago, I had what can only be described as a uniquely “Yale weekend.” On Friday, I drove with my wife to Manchester, New Hampshire, to watch the men’s hockey team compete in the NCAA tournament. As they do every year, the coaches had prepared the team to be at peak performance at the end of the season when it comes down to “crunch time.” We witnessed an absolutely inspiring, gritty performance and walked out of the arena with our heads high, even if with a tear in our eyes.

The following night, I was in Woolsey Hall and enjoyed an inspirational performance of Brahms' "Requiem" by the Yale Glee Club and Symphony Orchestra. The faculty mentors had prepared their students for peak performance at “crunch time.” And it worked magnificently.

To borrow one of President Salovey’s favorite phrases, as members of the Yale community, we bask in reflected glory when fellow members perform so outstandingly.

JEFFREY POWELL is a professor of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology.

Contact him at jeffrey.powell@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 21, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 3

NEWS

“A man without ethics is a wild beast loosed upon this world.” ALBERT CAMUS AUTHOR AND PHILOSOPHER

Lawsuits question Yale grad’s business

BY REBECCA KARABUS AND PATRICK PEOPLES CONTRIBUTING REPORTERS A series of lawsuits alleging financial misconduct have been brought against Joshua Bryce Newman ’01, a native of Silicon Valley who studied computer science and neuroscience at Yale.

Newman got his start in business and investing as an undergraduate in New Haven. As a freshman, he founded a Web consulting firm, according to a 2000 Wall Street Journal profile of budding entrepreneurs at Yale.

According to his website, Newman served, beginning his junior year, as a managing partner of the Silicon Valley Ivy Venture Fund, which offered capital to start-ups developed by college students.

One year after his graduation from Yale, Newman founded an independent film production company, Cyan Pictures, in Manhattan. Cyan produced and released a number of low-budget movies in the early 2000s, including the 2003 film “Coming Down the Mountain.”

But Newman’s string of successes has been marred by complaints calling into question his investing practices and business ethics. Nearly two dozen individuals who have done business with Newman — including a cofounder of a social messaging site and a founder of an online clothing company — have alleged that Newman has a history of bouncing checks, failing to pay back debts and misrepresenting intentions, according to a report published last week by The New York Times.

Problems appeared to begin for Newman when Cyan failed to deliver on “Keeper of the Pinstripes,” a small-scale baseball movie focused on the New York Yankees, The Times reported.

Newman’s company had claimed that the movie — which was set to star Josh Lucas — would require a $9 million budget for production. Newman took out loans to cover costs, many of which he later defaulted on, according to court records reviewed by The Times. Cyan went out of business in 2011.

Since then, Newman has paid back some of the investors, whether in full or in parts, and in some cases after being compelled by a court order. The Times discovered that the problem was more endemic, however, extending to numerous companies that Newman has controlled, including CrossFit NYC, the largest

CrossFit gym in New York City, according to its website. He was pushed out from his management position in the gym last year, according to The Times.

David Cromwell, a senior lecturer at the Yale School of Management and a former president and CEO of JPMorgan Capital Corporation, said Newman’s investors were foolish to work with him. Indeed, he said, “No one who knows anything about what they are doing … makes loans.”

“Get Rich Quick schemes have been making suckers poor fast — for a long time,” Cromwell said in an email.

Even after the closure of Cyan and his dismissal from CrossFit NYC, Newman has not been deterred. Last September, an attorney for the National Pro Grid League, an athletics racing league, sent a cease-and-desist notice to Newman requesting he stop courting investors by telling them that he was raising money in association with the league, according to The Times.

Students involved in the start-up culture fear that Newman’s Yale connection could paint enterprising students, as Newman was more than 15 years ago, in a negative light. Dominic Becker ’18, who helped found a hedge fund called Elmview Capital Management this year, said that he thinks the public will fixate on Newman’s Yale degree and view the investor “as something along the lines of ‘a corrupt 1 percenter.’”

Becker said what he knows of Newman’s situation leads him to believe that the entrepreneur had good intentions, though he may have been overconfident. He said another problem might be miscommunication.

“Perhaps he’s not properly conveying the amount of risk involved in his business ventures to the people he is soliciting loans from,” Becker said.

Nicole Cai ’18, who was involved last semester with Net Impact, an organization that emphasizes social entrepreneurship and business at Yale, said that building a startup can be an arduous process and that raising funds is one of the most difficult yet crucial steps towards success of the project.

“But that should never justify fraud,” Cai added.

Contact REBECCA KARABUS at rebecca.karabus@yale.edu and PATRICK PEOPLES at patrick.peoples@yale.edu .

Gender-neutral housing comes to Yale-NUS

RACHEL SIEGEL/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Yale-NUS is to offer gender neutral housing on campus on. The student government felt comfortable advocating for the change in policy.

BY SPANDANA BHATTACHARYA AND PHOEBE KIMMELMAN CONTRIBUTING REPORTER AND STAFF REPORTER In its fourth semester of operation, Yale-NUS has become the only institution of higher education in Singapore to offer gender-neutral housing to its students.

The new housing policy — which the Yale-NUS administration has dubbed “open housing” — was approved last week, following a campuswide survey conducted by the newly elected student government. It is slated to take effect in August 2015 and will be subject to yearly review, according to Dean of Students Kyle Farley. Two-thirds of the student body completed the survey, with 58 percent of students voting in favor of the housing change and 25 percent against.

But in housing plans for the upcoming academic year, only four suites, representing less than 5 percent of the student body, opted for open housing, Farley said.

“I made the decision in consultation with several members of the administration, so this was a collective response to student sentiment,” Farley said.

When Yale-NUS moves to its new campus in August, it

will offer students the choice of single-sex floors, mixed floors, single sex suites and opt-in open housing. Farley said this will not be an option for first year students but will be available for all other classes.

The low percentage of students opting in for open housing was expected, Farley said.

He added that this turnout is in line with the trend at most U.S. schools, where students tend to want the option to be available, but may not choose to exercise themselves. Farley also said he had a similar experience when he was dean of Jonathan Edwards College. When the gender-neutral option was given to students there, few students selected the option.

David Chappell YNUS ’18, a member of the Yale-NUS student government, said they initially brought up the initiative to Farley before conducting the survey. Farley told them, Chappell said, that the discussion was on the table, but that he wanted to see more support from the student body. That, in turn, led the student government to conduct the survey.

During meetings with the administration following the survey, Chappell said he felt that the “question wasn’t so

much the why, but the when”.

He added that since the vast majority of the respondents were either in favor or indifferent towards the policy, the student government felt comfortable advocating for it.

Farley said that like other student life policies at YaleNUS, opt-in open housing will also be up for yearly review.

This is done to ensure that all subsequent classes at YaleNUS also get a say in shaping school policies. Farley added that by definition, the first classes are the “founding generation” and will have disproportionate influence over the future of the school — but the school should also make sure that future generations have input going forward.

Farley said students should make the decision to live in a gender-neutral suite in consultation with their parents.

“We will not contact parents nor require parental approval, but we also don’t want parents learning their child is in open housing when they visit during Family Weekend,” he said.

Six students interviewed said that they are happy to see that opt-in housing will be an option at Yale-NUS. Wei Jie Koh YNUS ’17, cofounder and member of the G-Spot — the gender and sexuality alliance at Yale-NUS

— said the policy is an important step forward and indicates respect for people’s personal choices. Similarly, Adrian Stymne YNUS ’17 said the new policy affirmed his belief that student input has the power to shape school policies.

“It shows that change from status quo is possible and serves as an example of radicalism [in Singapore] that is possible,” Stymne said.

Florence Yuan Feng YNUS ’17 said that while she is personally indifferent to the policy, she is glad that it will be an option for students who want it. She also said she agrees with the decision to institute a yearly review, given the nature of the policy and the need for each class to have input in it.

But Jason Carlo Carranceja YNUS ’18 said that while most students have come out praising Farley’s decision, it actually does not matter much for current students looking at housing for next year. He said this is because most suite preferences have already been submitted, and most students know that reorganizing suites will only result in a commotion.

Yale-NUS requires students to live on campus all four years.

Contact SPANDANA BHATTACHARYA at spandana.bhattacharya@yale.edu .

Congress members scrutinize campaign finance

BY FINNEGAN SCHICK STAFF REPORTER

FINNEGAN SCHICK/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Connecticut Congresswoman Rosa DeLauro condemned special interest groups’ role in politics on Monday.

After seeing success in raising money for their own election campaigns, two members of Congress came to campus to rethink campaign finance.

During the discussion held last night — co-sponsored by the Yale College Democrats, the Democracy Fund and the Connecticut Public Interest Research Group — Maryland Congressman John Sarbanes and Connecticut Congresswoman Rosa DeLauro condemned the influence of special interest groups and wealthy donors in politics.

Both Democrats, Sarabanes and DeLauro were joined by New Haven Democracy Fund Chair Jared Milfred ’16, state Rep. Matt Lesser and the Connecticut Public Interest Research Group State Director Evan Preston to discuss how to combat the effect of “big money” on local and national politics and public policy.

“We need to find another place that members of Congress can turn to finance their campaigns,” said Sarbanes, who has represented Maryland’s third district since 2007. “The voices of everyday citizens are being pushed to the margins of their own democracy.”

Sarbanes proposed three approaches for curtailing the influence of money in poli-

tics: a constitutional amendment repealing the 2010 Citizens United Supreme Court decision, laws promoting the public disclosure of campaign donations, and the Government by the People Act, which matches small campaign donations on a six-toone ratio if a candidate agrees to forego large donations.

The Government by the People Act, introduced to Congress by Sarbanes in February 2014, would also establish a $25 refundable tax credit to be used toward political campaigns.

DeLauro focused her attention on how large corporations negatively shape public policy. She cited the recent Trans-Pacific Partnership, a trade agreement that she says was negotiated under secrecy and without the input of members of congress. The agreement, which DeLauro anticipates will soon pass Congress, was based on input from around 600 advisors, a majority of whom were representatives from corporations like WalMart, Halliburton and Verizon. Multinational corporations have had a significant role in crafting the trade agreement, a policy that is at the expense of workers, consumers and families, said DeLauro. She added that multinational organizations profit from free trade even if American workers suffer.

“Trade policy has become a chilling example of the power

of big money in American political life,” DeLauro said.

She went on to say that corporations write the rules of international and domestic trade policies and ultimately sacrifice American jobs in order to lower their prices.

We need to find another place that members of Congress can turn to finance their campaigns.

JOHN SARBANES Maryland Congressman ConnPIRG is the state branch of a national organization that targets special interest groups who damage the health and well-being of consumers. The nonprofit organization advocates on behalf of voters on issues like food safety, public health and campaign finance reform.

While DeLauro criticized corporate influence on trade agreements, Preston said he was concerned primarily with protecting an individual voter’s influence in local elections. The 2010 Citizens United Supreme Court case led to substantial spending by super PACs and individuals and prevents Connecticut residents from having a voice in local politics, Preston said in an interview with the

News. He added that in the 2012 presidential election, the top 32 SuperPAC donations to both candidates equaled the donations from four million individual citizens combined.

“The influence of money in politics affects every single issue of government,” Preston said. “We support a constitutional amendment and an overturning of the [Citizens United] ruling.”

Lesser, who serves as the vice chairman of the government administration and elections committee, said the availability of public campaign funding facilitated his election in 2008. He praised the Citizens’ Election Program that provides funding to candidates who both meet a threshold of individual donations from local residents and do not seek funding from SuperPACs. Lesser said that despite the presence of SuperPACs and outside funding in state elections, Connecticut has a strong and robust system of campaign financing.

“If you’re spending your time talking to donors, you’re not spending your time talking to constituents,” Lesser added.

DeLauro has served in Congress since 1991. Her district includes the city of New Haven and its suburbs.

Contact FINNEGAN SCHICK at christopher.schick@yale.edu .

PAGE 4

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 21, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

NEWS

“Persistence is to the character of man as carbon is to steel.” NAPOLEON HILL AMERICAN WRITER

Carbon charge will phase in over three years CARBON FROM PAGE 1 versity’s 365 buildings into corresponding units — remain to be worked out.

“The carbon-charge program is designed to ensure that the University’s policies regarding climate change as well as its energy use are the concerns of more people and entities around the campus,” the report stated. “The appeal of carbon prices is that, under the proposal, they [can] apply universally, in a decentralized and market-based fashion, whereas regulations apply selectively to a limited number of sectors.”

Nordhaus said each unit would “start at zero,” meaning it would not receive a charge at the time of the program’s implementation. Instead, units would be rewarded or penalized depending on whether they reduced or increased their carbon emissions.

“It is not whether you are carbon intensive or carbon light, it is whether you increase it or decrease it,” he said.

He added that implementing this charge demonstrates Yale’s commitment to take its general environmental goals and “make them real” for all parts of the organization.

Still, there remain some structural hurdles that may make implementing the carbon charge more difficult in practice.

One problem the report identified is that few administrative units actually see their own energy bills and may not fully understand the cost consequences of their energy usage. Additionally, decentralizing the energy budget for these units would require large budget reform that may be difficult in a short period of time.

“The carbon-charge program seems an inappropriate lever to use to impose budget reforms,” the report stated. “In any case, budget reforms on a large-scale basis are unrealistic in the next year or two.”

Further, the report noted that some units, such as residential colleges and Faculty of Arts and Sciences departments, present

Eidelson confirmed as third officer

unique challenges for estimating carbon emissions and assigning a carbon charge since they may have limited budget authority or are co-located with other units.

Nordhaus said this “phase-in” period will therefore allow the University to work out the details as it takes the new idea from the blueprint stage and integrate it into reality.

In addition, the task force recommended the University add a new full-time professional position — designated as the director of the Carbon Charge Program — who would be responsible for such tasks as implementing the pilot, providing definitive boundaries for the charge, calculating emissions and working directly with units to manage their carbon footprint.

It is not whether you are carbon intensive or carbon light, it is whether you increase it or decrease it.

WILLIAM NORDHAUS ’63 Professor, Economics Finally, the report urged that the carbon charge pilot be reviewed in its fifth year to determine whether it has helped reduce emissions and decreased the carbon footprint of the University.

Looking forward, law professor Dan Esty LAW ’86, a member of the task force, said the implementation of this carbon charge would not only have impact on Yale, but will set an example for others as well.

“I think it is very exciting to have Yale stepping out in front not only in the University community, but really with regards to climate policy across the country,” Esty said. “This is an attempt to make a carbon charge work and to demonstrate how that policy approach may be applied more generally.”

Contact LARRY MILSTEIN at larry.milstein@yale.edu .

ERICA PANDEY/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Ward 1 Alder Sarah Eidelson ‘12 will serve as third officer for the leadership of Board of Alders.

BOARD OF ALDERS FROM PAGE 1 The position of the third officer has traditionally been held by a member of a minority party, but revisions to the city charter approved by voters in 2013 stipulated that, if the Board contains no nonDemocratic members, as is currently the case, a Democrat would take over as third officer. Eidelson said the post comes with certain responsibilities, such as being included when the leadership of the Board meets with the mayor.

“It’s really a unique opportunity for a Yale student to have a position in the leadership of Board of Alders,” Ward 1 Co-Chair Sarah Giovanniello ’16 said. “It just means that Yale students can have an even stronger voice than they may have had before.”

The Monday night meeting also saw the Black and Hispanic Caucus’s annual state of the city address, delivered by Hill Alder Dolores Colon ’91 and Newhallville Alder Delphine Clyburn. The speech

focused on an issue of personal relevance to many residents who attended the meeting — the jobs crisis in New Haven.

Colon and Clyburn’s speech largely focused on youth issues and job creation, which Eidelson has focused on during her tenure. Colon and Clyburn spoke at length about what they called the “jobs crisis” in the city — New Haven is currently home to 20,000 unemployed and underemployed residents — with the city’s Black and Hispanic neighborhoods affected most severely, they said.

The two alders called on local companies to help resolve the crisis by hiring more New Haven residents. They praised New Haven Works, a recently created program that seeks to match qualified New Haven residents with jobs in the city.

“Today, through a public-private partnership, this pipeline, New Haven Works, is helping our people find jobs,” Colon said. “But our people are stuck in the pipeline.”

Clyburne praised Yale University and

Yale-New Haven Hospital for their role in the program — many of the jobs to which New Haven works has matched residents are located within the Yale system. But the program could go further, the alders said, noting that its workshops currently have a waiting list of 500 city residents.

At the meeting, a lengthy lineup of speakers — including Mayor Toni Harp, Majority Leader Alphonse Paolillo Jr., and West River Alder Tyisha Walker, who is currently the president of the Board — praised Perez for his nearly three decades of commitment to the Board.

“Yes, he was the alderman of the fifth ward, but he also provided service to the people of the city of New Haven over the years,” Harp said. “Jorge mastered the process of the city […] [he has] set the stage upon which this city can grow.”

Contact NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH at noah.daponte-smith@yale.edu and ERICA PANDEY at erica.pandey@yale.edu

Yale will renovate La Casa, AACC next year

YALE DAILY NEWS

After a December review found the cultural centers lacking in resources, the University promised renovations.

CULTURAL HOUSES FROM PAGE 1 Cultural and the Afro-American Cultural Center, increased responsibilities for the centers’ directors, and support and supervision for the centers from the new dean of student engagement and associate vice president for student life, Burgwell Howard, who will arrive this fall.

“As the University strengthens its commitment to diversity, recognizing that it cannot lay claim to excellence without simultaneously supporting a diverse campus, we see the cultural centers playing a vital role in what will surely be important conversations in the years ahead,” the email said. “The consultation group has made some recommendations, such as addressing needs in physical space, budgeting and personnel, that call for immediate action.

That work has already begun.

Other recommendations require

continued engagement of the entire Yale community as well as the centers’ communities themselves.”

The planned changes fall into eight categories that correspond to areas for improvement highlighted by the consultation group, including the physical space of the centers, their leadership and their organizational structures. Although some of the email’s promised changes are more symbolic — a commitment to “honoring the [centers’] past while reaching toward the years and decades to come,” for example — others, such as the renovations, will involve significant financial and administrative reorganization.

According to Monday’s email, all four centers will be “improved and modernized.” The AACC and La Casa, which the email identified as needing the most attention, have been assessed by the Department of Facilities and will

be upgraded by this fall, followed by the Af-Am House, the email said. The Native American Cultural Center, which just opened in 2013, will then be assessed for possible renovations.

While students in the cultural centers have campaigned for new spaces in more central locations, considerations about finding or building new centers would require more thought, the email said. The centers will not change location, the email added, but administrators have asked for input on how the centers might accommodate larger groups.

Additionally, the directors of the centers, who also serve as assistant deans of Yale College, will see a decrease in their decanal duties and will now be able to spend more time focusing on the centers’ programming, the email said.

“The new role of the director is great because I always thought

[the directors] were overworked,” La Casa Student Coordinator Benjamin Bartolome ’16 said. “To have fewer responsibilities and be able to focus on the center will make the job far more sustainable.”

The centers will also have more oversight from the upper levels of the administration.

When Howard assumes his role as dean of student engagement in August — a new University-wide position — he will be responsible for providing more direct guidance to the centers’ directors, the email said, helping them decide how best to allocate their resources.

Howard said that while it is too early for know what form his supervision will take, he is eager to listen to what community members have to say.

“When I arrive in New Haven later this summer, I will obviously want to meet with the staff of the centers, and better under-

stand the needs and goals from their perspectives, and also hear from students who are heavily engaged in these communities to understand their hopes and needs,” Howard said.

Still, Monday’s email emphasized that the changes promised are a first step, not a conclusion to the dialogue surrounding Yale’s commitment to diversity.

Students, too, noted the importance of sustaining the conversation. But students emphasized that the need for new centers is a serious one.

Helder Toste ’16, a NACC peer liaison, said the changes are a “decent compromise” but added that the issue of space, while difficult to address, is critical.

“While it’s great they’re making these improvements, I don’t think they’ll be sufficient for serving the center in the long run,” said Casey Lee ’17, a member of the AACC. “We definitely need a center that has

more expansive space ... I hope that building or founding new buildings for the centers is not something that is brushed off as something beyond the scope of this consultation.”

Bartolome called the promised changes “the most exciting development for our [La Casa] community in a really long time,” but added that the renovations are only a first step toward making future generations of Latino students feel at home.

“We appreciate these first steps to improving the centers, and I’m confident that the [Asian-American] community, along with the other three centers, will continue to be in conversation with the administration and continue the trajectory they’re going on,” Lee said.

Contact STAPHANY HOU at staphany.hou@yale.edu and VIVIAN WANG at vivian.y.wang@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 21, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 5

NEWS

“I like to think of the world as a sort of a casino, except the house doesn’t have the advantage. If you’re smart, you have an advantage.” EVAN WILLIAMS ENTREPRENEUR AND PROGRAMMER

Casino proposal moves to Senate

BY JIAHUI HU STAFF REPORTER Dreams of adding three more casinos to the state of Connecticut moved one step closer to reality on Monday, when a proposed bill passed through its second legislative committee.

Over the last month, the Mohegan and Mashantucket Pequot tribes in Connecticut have been fighting for a state bill that would allow them to operate slot machines together outside of their respective tribal reservations. The two tribes proposed the bill because revenues from their two operating casinos — Mohegan Sun and Foxwoods Resort Casino — are expected to take a plunge when two new large casinos open in Boston and Springfield, Massachusetts, said former Republi-

can state Sen. Kevin Rennie. The bill passed through the Committee on Public Safety and Security in March and through the Committee on Planning and Development on Monday; it will be voted on by the Senate during the next session.

In the early 1990s, the tribes signed agreements with the state government allowing them to operate taxable slot machines on their reservations, even though those machines are illegal in the rest of Connecticut. If the current proposal were to pass, the tribes would have to reach a new agreement with the government about the terms and conditions of their exception, Rennie said.

“What happens in Connecticut is that, because they’re on Indian reservations, the political process is very limited,” Rennie said. “When you start licens-

ing casinos outside of a licensed Indian tribe you get a lot of politics involved.”

When you start licensing casions outside of a licensed Indian tribe you get a lot of politics involved.

KEVIN RENNIE Former Republican State Senator Considering the past agreements with the tribes, State Attorney George Jepsen filed a letter to members of the state House of Representatives and Senate last week that raised legal

concerns for the proposed legislation. Jepsen pointed out in his letter that allowing the tribes to expand their casino enterprises would give potential third parties legal basis to make a case for creating their own gambling businesses in Connecticut.

Jepsen also wrote that if the three Native American tribes in Connecticut that are currently seeking recognition from the Bureau of Indian Affairs succeed, those tribes would potentially seek to open casinos as well.

“The enactment of the proposed legislation, authorizing the tribes to conduct casino gambling under state law, could serve as a new trigger that would significantly increase the likelihood that newly acknowledged tribes would succeed in asserting their rights to casino gambling under the [Indian Gaming Regu-

latory Act],” Jepsen wrote.

Supporters of the bill argue that the new casinos would create thousands of jobs for Connecticut residents.

Jobs at the two casinos in Connecticut have been in jeopardy as the facilities face increasing competition from other states.

Revenue from the two tribes’ gambling facilities has decreased over the last decade as new casinos have opened in New York and Massachusetts, Rennie said.

Although the specific locations for the three proposed casinos have not yet been determined, at least one will likely be located off of I-91 on the route from Hartford to Springfield, Massachusetts, said Adam Joseph, communications director for the Senate Democratic Caucus. Joseph, who supports the bill, added that because the

new casinos will create new jobs, the bill will likely gain support from both sides of the aisle.

Still, the bill does not currently have widespread public support: A recent poll conducted by Quinnipiac University showed that only 36 percent of voters support the bill for three new casinos, which would all be relatively small casinos located on roads leading from Connecticut into Massachusetts and New York.

Doug Schwartz, director of the Quinnipiac University poll, said most respondents against the bill cited a concern about gambling addiction.

Nevada and Louisiana are the only two states where casinostyle gambling is legal statewide.

Contact JIAHUI HU at jiahui.hu@yale.edu .

Crown St. apartments gain zoning approval

BY CAROLINE HART STAFF REPORTER The City Plan Commission approved a proposal last Wednesday for Metro Star Properties to build 12 studio apartments on Crown Street, setting construction plans into motion.

James Salatto of MOD Equities, a local real estate company that owns multiple buildings in the downtown area, sold the building to Metro Star, another Connecticut real estate company, in September. Robert Smith, executive director and founder of Metro Star Properties, said construction will begin in June and end by December 2015.

“Relatively speaking, this is a small project, just 12 units, and should fit into the neighborhood discreetly,” Smith said in an email.

The apartments will be located on the second floor of the 254-260 Crown St. building.

The property will maintain its current configuration, with no building or floor additions made during the construction process, according to Smith.

He added that both businesses at 260 Crown St., BAR Pizza and the adjoining Bru Room, have expanded slightly in recent months and will remain intact.

The Neon Garage, which is located in the same building and closed earlier this year for renovations, is set to reopen this spring. The garage will operate out of the building’s first floor.

Danielle Gannon, manager at BAR Pizza, said she thinks the increased foot traffic to the area once the apartments open will have a positive impact on her business.

The apartments will each contain 750 square feet, skylights and open ceilings, according to Smith.

“The architecture preserves and incorporates the building’s old structural components including large steel girders and riveted steel columns,” he added.

Aside from the apartments at 260 Crown St., Smith is also working on an apartment development at 280 Crown St., the former home of S’Wings.

City Hall Spokesman Lau-

rence Grotheer said these developments are a part of the 2,000 residential units in stages of planning, permitting or construction in the city — crucial steps to help address the city’s vacancy rate, one of the lowest in the state.

“There is a housing crunch in New Haven; when these new units come along, [they] will help address that,” Grotheer said.

Grotheer added that this apartment complex’s proximity to restaurants, shops and performance venues will help improve New Haven’s status as a “walkable, likeable city.”

There is a housing crunch in New Haven; when these new units come along, [they] will help address that.

LAURENCE GROTHEER City Hall spokesman In addition to the Metro Star-owned developments on Crown, Robert Landino of Centerplan Construction is building a $50 million development at the corner of College Street and Crown Street called “College and Crown: A Centerplace.”

The development will include 160 apartments, according to its website.

Ward 22 Alder Jeannette Morrison, who represents the Dixwell area and four of Yale’s residential colleges, said she believes the incoming housing developments in the Crown Street area will be a positive advancement for the city so long as the housing is made affordable for a variety of people.

Morrison added that the incoming colleges will bring hundreds of new students in 2017 who might seek off-campus housing or choose to stay in New Haven. Because of this, the new housing should be affordable to students, she said.

Contact CAROLINE HART at caroline.hart@yale.edu .

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PAGE 6

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 21, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

NEWS

“Greed is not a financial issue. It’s a heart issue.” ANDY STANLEY AMERICAN PASTOR

Do student experiences with fin aid align with employment numbers?

Percent of students on financial aid that work

38%

Percent of students not on financial aid that work

3.39

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4.76

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ALEX CRUZ/PRODUCTION AND DESIGN EDITOR

UP CLOSE FROM PAGE 1 range of exogenous costs associated with their financial status, and ultimately, negatively impacts their Yale experience.

Though Cruz admitted he enjoys many aspects of his job at the OCS, he said the significant time commitment, coupled with these extra-academic expenditures, have given him a less fulfilling Yale experience.

Of 40 students interviewed who are on financial aid, the overwhelming majority said they mostly enjoy the work they do on campus to contribute to the funding of their education. But 20 students said they would not have a term-time job if it were not for the self-help expectation, and 35 said they are unable to cover the self-help solely with their campus income.

“I would say that students who do work 12 or more hours a week, regardless of financial aid, have a different Yale experience as a consequence of spending so much time working,” said Emma Goldrick ’17, who has jobs at the Peabody Museum of Natural History and the Silliman College Dining Hall. “Anyone who spends that much time working is unable to fully take advantage of other Yale experiences and extracurriculars, or just spend adequate hours studying for their classes.”

In response to protests against the student effort, which has been steadily increasing for the last three years, the University froze this amount for the 2015–16 academic year, despite the fact that the Yale College term bill is set to increase by 4 percent next year.

Historically, the student effort has risen alongside the cost of tuition.

Though students and Yale College Council representatives were pleased with the University for addressing concerns about the student effort rising to an unmanageable level, some still argue that the expectation should be eliminated entirely.

However, the responsibilities of

Yale’s financial policy remain contested by those who benefit most from it.

“Technically, we shouldn’t be this picky,” said Grace Chiang ’15, who once worked three jobs to help cover her student effort.

“They’re giving us money, a lot of money, but the question is: What standard of living are we supposed to be expecting and demanding? Am I supposed to be counting pennies? If so, then everything is fine. But am I supposed to be enjoying Yale and having the same Yale experience as all of my other peers? If so, then we’re falling way short, but I’m not sure if that’s a reasonable expectation of the financial aid office.”

AFFORDABILITY, NOT EQUITY

Yale College is among a small handful of schools with no-loan financial aid policies for its students and need-blind admissions for all its applicants, setting it apart from the other roughly 6,000 colleges in the world.

Students, professors and experts interviewed acknowledged how comprehensive and unique Yale’s financial aid policy already is. For the 2014–15 academic year, Yale provided $116 million in need-based financial aid, with the size of the average need-based scholarship at $42,200. For families making less than $65,000 each year, parents are expected to contribute nothing towards their child’s education.

Still, despite its generosity, few would disagree that the University’s financial aid policy remains imperfect.

To suggest improvements, the YCC held a financial aid town hall last November. The following January, the YCC produced a formal report on financial aid, and in March, the group Students Unite Now protested in Beinecke Plaza. Throughout this time, a common recommendation emerged: the elimination

of the student effort so that students on financial aid can have “the same undergraduate experience” as those who are not.

But administrators said the University’s financial aid policy is not necessarily meant to act as an equalizer for the student body.

No system is going to address completely every student’s individual or family situation.

JEREMIAH QUINLAN Dean, Undergraduate Admissions “The goal of our financial aid program is to make Yale accessible and affordable to all students who are admitted,” Dean of Undergraduate Admissions Jeremiah Quinlan said. “It’s a policy built on individualized packages — not to create a singular Yale experience.”

Others, however, argue that a University with large financial resources has responsibilities that extend past affordability.

Cruz said providing access for low-income, high-achieving students is a noble cause, but he added that financial aid should be comprehensive enough to give these individuals the “full Yale experience.”

“It’s one thing to let these types of kids into the school, but it’s another to make them feel comfortable and allow them to thrive as other kids do,” Cruz said. “You can make it affordable and you can give them a Yale degree, but they’re getting a watered down experience of the University.”

Mark Kantrowitz, student financial aid expert and senior vice president and publisher of Edvisors.com, an education finance website, said financial aid policies should be fair

to all its beneficiaries. There are roughly 100 colleges that claim to meet the full financial need of their students, Kantrowitz said, but they each redefine financial need by including components like a student effort or student income contribution. He added that it is problematic for universities to advertise in such a way, because there are students who really cannot afford to meet their student expectation.

“They may already be working because they’re low-income and they’re a primary wage earner for their family,” Kantrowitz said. “And then Yale comes and says they need to work an additional 15 hours a week to pay for Yale. So at the very least, Yale should consider waiving that work expectation or minimum student contribution for students who have zero [expected family contribution].”

COMPLICATIONS IN THE NUMBERS

However, available data on student employment and borrowing counter the stories of adversity told by students.

“The data we review tell us that we are doing well in meeting the commitment to make Yale affordable for all students,” Quinlan said. “No system is going to address completely every student’s individual or family situation. We hear loud and clear that some of our students are dealing with individual cases of unusual stress and hardship. So where does Yale stand between the data and anecdotal evidence? I honestly think that reality is somewhere in the middle.”

Director of Financial Aid Caesar Storlazzi said that for the 2013–14 academic year, the average wage rate for freshman students on financial aid was $12.94 an hour, meaning that these students could meet their self-help contributions by working an average of 8.3 hours per week over the academic year.

For upperclassmen on aid, the average wage rate was $13.49 an hour, meaning these students could meet their term-time expectations by working roughly 9.4 hours per week.

But according to on-campus employment data from the last two years, students have been working far fewer hours each week.

Based on the data, between 57 and 65 percent of the students on financial aid held jobs over the last three semesters. During these three periods, students receiving financial aid worked, on average, less than five hours per week, with the average fluctuating between 4.4 and 4.8. In contrast, between 36 and 38 percent of students not on financial aid worked during these periods.

This cohort of students worked between 3.1 and 3.4 hours on average.

And because there were more than 8,000 available positions listed with the Student Employment Office last semester, these numbers do not seem to stem from a paucity of jobs.

Additionally, while many students on financial aid do not end up covering their entire student effort by working, the majority of these students also do not take out loans to fill in the gaps.

More than three quarters of the class of 2014 who received financial aid from the University graduated debt-free. Twentyfour percent of graduates on financial aid took out loans.

According to the data, the University’s financial aid policy seems almost without fault.

“It’s clear that students are fulfilling their student effort not simply by working on campus or taking out loans,” Quinlan said.

“Whether through merit scholarships or some other source, many students are meeting their contribution by working less than five hours a week.”

For students like Cruz, Chiang and Goldrick, however, the numbers do not reflect their

reality.

Chiang said her three jobs occupied so much of her time that she could not join as many extracurricular clubs as her friends and had to limit the number of hours she spent studying. After studying abroad, her semester in Italy left her with significant debt.

She said she considered withdrawing for financial reasons last fall. She was able to remain at Yale by borrowing money, but still works long hours each week in order to pay the remaining debt and cover day-to-day side expenses.

“In theory, if everything else was covered, I guess I could meet the [student effort] part of my financial aid,” Chiang said.

“But I still have other things to pay for in addition to the student effort, and that’s why I have to work 16 hours a week.”

C r u z e c h o e d C h i a n g ’s remarks, saying that students receiving full financial aid grants often have other payments to make.

YCC representative and financial aid report coauthor Tyler Blackmon ’16, who is also a staff columnist for the News, argued that just because students are not working significant hours each week to meet their expectation does not indicate that students do not struggle to fulfill the student effort.

“I could probably try to work 15 or 16 hours a week if I wanted to, but I decided that I want to pass my classes and get good grades,” Blackmon said.

While students interviewed did not suggest the University had incorrect data, they called for more focused research on the topic. Specifically, students on full financial aid packages suggested their higher working hours were averaged out by other students with less financial aid.

Several students interviewed SEE UP CLOSE PAGE 7

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 21, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 7

NEWS

“We are born weak, we need strength; helpless, we need aid; foolish, we need reason.”

JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU FRENCH PHILOSPHER

GRAPH STUDENT EFFORT OVER THE YEARS 8,000

Freshman student effort

7,000

Upperclassman student effort

6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 2005–6 2006–7 2007–8 2008–9 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 MERT DILEK/PRODUCTION AND DESIGN STAFF

UP CLOSE FROM PAGE 6 who do work hours closer to the University average said they tap into other resources to cover the student effort.

Josh Young ’17, who works in Bass Library for roughly four to six hours a week, said his job is not enough to cover his expectation. In theory, he could add extra hours to earn the needed amount, Young said, but it is difficult to find the time to do so while balancing his job with class and extracurricular activities. He added that his parents cover the rest of the student effort for him.

However, Young said, he really likes his position at Bass and generally does not consider it to be a burden.

Additionally, Holly Robinson ’17, who works seven hours per week as a reading tutor at New Haven Reads, said she primarily uses student loans to cover her tuition and the student effort.

But Robinson also said that she thoroughly enjoys her job, which allows her to work with younger children in education.

Still, other students criticized the student income contribution — the amount they are expected to fulfill over the summer — as a significant stressor and constraint on the types of positions they can pursue.

Nickolas Brooks ’17 said that enrolling in a summer session program instead of taking paid employment last summer put him at a deficit. The summer program cost him over $2,000 in student loans, but he was still responsible for meeting his student income contribution when he returned to Yale, Brooks said.

He added that he is now working three jobs to make up the money he was unable to earn over the summer.

AN AGE OF REFORM

In February 2005, 150 stu-

dents held a rally outside the Office of Undergraduate Admissions, in protest of the University’s financial aid policy. Fifteen students held a sit-in inside the office from 10 a.m. until 8 p.m., demanding to speak with thenUniversity President Richard Levin about financial aid policy reform.

Shortly before these activist efforts, Harvard had announced that it was making changes to its financial aid and eliminating the parental contribution for families making under $40,000.

Princeton had long ago made changes to its financial aid policy, replacing all loans in undergraduate financial aid packages with scholarships in 2001.

Although the students were sent out with citations, and their immediate calls for change were unheeded, Levin announced reforms to Yale’s financial aid policy less than one week later, and eliminated the parental contribution for families with annual incomes below $45,000.

The University also reduced the expected contributions for families making between $45,000 and $60,000 at the time.

These changes were followed by a series of comprehensive financial aid reforms in 2008, in which the University eliminated the parental contribution for families making less than $60,000 annually, in addition to reducing the overall cost of a Yale education for families making under $200,000.

Former Princeton Director of Financial Aid Don Betterton said Princeton was influenced to change its financial aid policy when the university began to fear that it was becoming unaffordable for low-income students.

“We worried that we were becoming more of a place for only wealthier kids, and so that was a really big deal to get things in motion,” he said. “We asked

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what we could do to make our financial aid programs more generous, to attract more kids and to give kids we were already giving money to more money.”

But, according to Betterton, Princeton has always thought that a student work contribution is a good idea. He said he was surprised that students at Yale have taken issue with the student effort.

Adam Muri-Rosenthal, dean of Adams House at Harvard, was also surprised to hear that Yale students have voiced concerns about the student effort. Anecdotally, Muri-Rosenthal said, he has not heard anything from Harvard students about feeling burdened by their student work expectations.

We asked what we could do to make our financial aid programs more generous, to attract more kids.

DON BETTERTON Former financial aid director, Princeton In October, the University of Chicago eliminated the termtime work requirement for Odyssey Scholars — students generally from families making less than $90,000 per year — and guaranteed paid summer internship or research opportunities for these students after their freshman year.

However, while this policy is generous to students coming from families with lower incomes, the University of Chicago is not need-blind for international students, and gives out less grant aid than Yale. The average grant aid given to a student at the University of Chicago for the 2012–13 academic

year was $29,333, compared to $41,400 at Yale.

While Stanford announced in March that it would be expanding its financial aid program by altering the family income thresholds for aid, Stanford Senior Communications Official Lisa Lapin said Stanford students on financial aid are still expected to contribute $5,000 annually toward the total cost of attendance.

Quinlan described Yale’s financial aid reforms in 2008 as a broader set of changes meant to “significantly alter” the way students approach their Yale education. Ever since, Quinlan added, the focus has been on retaining the affordability of the parental contribution.

“Over the past few years, Yale has prioritized keeping the parental contribution levels as affordable for families as possible, and this is reflected in our lower net cost than pretty much every other institution in the country,” he said. “We’re one of the few institutions that are need-blind for international students. There are ways we could change our financial aid package to reduce the student effort portion. But if that means we could only admit wealthy international students or raise our parental contributions for families making $100,000, I would certainly not recommend those changes.”

16,000,000 REASONS

Every academic year, student effort contributions total nearly $16 million.

Although students said this seems like a small amount when compared to the size of the University’s $23.9 billion endowment, Quinlan said Yale does not have endless resources from which to draw.

“Any institution has to consider trade-offs when it is making decisions about financial aid policy, and Yale is no exception,”

Quinlan said.

Scott Weingold, cofounder of College Planning Network, said that while the University could simply eliminate the contribution, “$16 million is still $16 million,” requiring restructuring in other areas of the budget.

Ronald Ehrenberg, director of Cornell’s Higher Education Research Institute, said that although Yale’s endowment recently grew, increases in its size have to pay for faculty hires, building renovations, pension increases and a litany of other costs, so not all of that money is available to go toward the financial aid budget.

“These issues are going on at every university in the country,” Ehrenberg said. “You can’t think of financial aid separately. At Cornell we worry about how our financial aid costs affect our ability to hire new faculty and renovate buildings and our ability to keep tuition increases down.”

Yale could have increased the parental contribution for students from wealthier families, or changed another one of the parameters to receive the same amount of money from a different group of students, Yale School of Management professor Roger Ibbotson said.

Sixteen million dollars is not an insignificant sum, he added, and eliminating the student effort would probably result in Yale having to charge everyone else more.

“It requires courage to spend more from your endowment, because there’s always the worry that you’ll need that money in the future,” Kantrowitz said.

“But Yale can afford to do this.

The question is whether Yale should do what everyone else is doing, or try to take a leadership role in college affordability.”

Provost Benjamin Polak could not be reached for comment Monday evening.

University President Peter Salovey said it is difficult to predict the future regarding financial aid policy at Yale, but noted that one of Yale College’s chief priorities now, and in the future, is to ensure that a Yale education is affordable to all students who are admitted.

“I can only reaffirm that one of Yale College’s chief priorities now and in any future I can see is to make our education affordable to all of the students we admit,” Salovey said. “Each year the relevant offices look at many factors to assess how we are doing in meeting this priority — seeking to understand what our students’ and families’ experiences with financial aid are; whether we are being clear, transparent and helpful in our communications, or where specific problems, challenges or confusions might be; looking at current statistics on net cost, debt levels and student jobs, and much more.”

But Blackmon was frustrated with what he described as a lack of Yale leadership in financial aid policy reform.

Administrators, Blackmon said, seem to think that the conversation about financial aid is over.

“Their vision of Yale is that we started out at this every exclusive Ivy League institution that was not accessible to anyone, and eventually we started letting in different types of people — minorities, women, lowincome students,” Blackmon said. “So we had a natural progression toward affordability and accessibility. But they think we’re finished, that we’re done.

They think it’s been a really great journey. Part of this is just shaking them and saying that we still have further to go.”

Contact TYLER FOGGATT at tyler.foggatt@yale.edu .

PAGE 8

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YALE DAILY NEWS 路 TUESDAY, APRIL 21, 2015 路 yaledailynews.com

PAGE 9

PAGE 10

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 21, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

SPORTS

“My family has reduced the effect of my career on my self-esteem. When I’m with them, they make me feel special regardless of how I play.” PHIL MICKELSON THREE-TIME MASTERS TOURNAMENT WINNER

Search for Gobrecht’s replacement to start W. BASKETBALL FROM PAGE 14

YALE ATHLETICS

Former Yale head coach Chris Gobrecht left for Air Force last week after 10 years in New Haven.

Tennis struggles to find success

JOEY YE/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The only doubles point won between both tennis programs was by the men against Dartmouth last weekend.

TENNIS FROM PAGE 14 physically resilient to ensure that the Bulldogs came away victorious.

Despite the momentum of their first win, in the final home match of the season, the women dropped a 4–3 decision to No. 35 Dartmouth. The loss set the women back a game with their record.

With one game remaining, No. 40 Princeton has already clinched the 2015 Ivy League title with a 6–1 record.

The Bulldogs fell behind again on Sunday as the Big Green won in the first two doubles positions.

In singles competition Hamilton, the No. 2 singles player, defeated Katherine Yau by a score of 3–6, 6–2, 6–1. Courtney Amos ’16 and Li also both notched come-frombehind singles victories.

“We played well and competed hard,” Li said, “But Dartmouth was a little bit tougher than we were.

We are hoping that going into our match with Brown next weekend, we can improve on taking the opportunities that we have to win.”

Meanwhile, on the men’s court, consecutive 5–2 losses to Harvard and Dartmouth moved the men’s team’s record to 11–11 and 1–5 in the Ivy League.

The Bulldogs began strongly against Harvard on Friday at the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center. Freshmen doubles pair Fedor Andrienko ’18 and Stefan Doehler ’18 continued their dominance and defeated the No. 17 ranked pair in the country — Harvard’s Denis Nguyen and Brian Yeung. However, Harvard went on to capture the doubles point and sweep all but one singles match. Tyler Lu ’17

defeated No. 39 Denis Nguyen by a score of 6–3, 7–6.

“The Harvard match was great,” head coach Alex Dorato said. “We knew that it was going to be a tough match, and we could have been blown out of the water, but the fact that we were right in there with them was great. Everyone competed really well. I was happy with the way that we played.”

Meanwhile, the Bulldogs were on the wrong side of another 5–2 decision on Sunday when they traveled to Dartmouth.

After doubles victories by Daniel Faierman ’15 and Martin Svenning ’16, and Doehler and Andrienko, the Elis secured the doubles point. Andrienko and Doehler are now 4–2 in the Ivy League and are within grasp of a first-team All-Ivy selection.

“We started off really well with a lot of energy, especially because of the [doubles] win by Stefan and Fedor,” Alex Hagermoser ’17 said.

Svenning did not play in singles competition because of a nagging injury to his foot. Photos Photiades ’17 was inserted into the lineup due to Svenning’s absence, and he was the only Bulldog to record a victory. He defeated Dartmouth’s Max Schmidt by a score of 6–4, 3–6, 6–1. The Yale freshmen trio of Doehler, Andrienko and Wang all lost their singles matches in straight sets.

The men will host Brown on Saturday in the final home match of the season. The women will travel to Brown on Saturday to square off against the Bears at 12 p.m.

Contact JACOB MITCHELL at jacob.mitchell@yale.edu .

that the players made a list of qualities that they would like to see in a new coach.

Chesler said she was not authorized to speak about the future of current assistant coaches Stacy McIntyre, Clare Fitzpatrick and Brandon Gade. Sarju said none of them have decided whether or not to accept Gobrecht’s offer to bring them along to Air Force, while Chesler declined to comment on whether or not they would be considered in the head coaching search.

“It is difficult for [the assistants] because they have no guarantee of getting hired by the incoming head coach,” Sarju said. “Coach [Gobrecht] has asked them to go with her, but I know it is definitely not an easy decision for them to make.”

Yale’s most recent head coach hiring was men’s soccer head coach Kylie Stannard, who was named the new leader of the program on Dec. 29, 2014, four months after former coach Brian Tompkins announced that he would step down following the end of the 2014 season.

The women’s basketball search, which will likely be completed in significantly less time, poses an additional challenge because of the surprise departure, Chesler said. She added, however, that it is “never too late” to conduct a search, and that the beginning of the off-season is not an unusual time to make changes in the program.

Director of Athletics Tom Beckett said he does not view the search as a time constraint because recruiting has already finished for the class of 2019, and evaluations of potential

athletes in the next high school class will not occur until later in the summer.

“I think we’re going to be just fine, and I’m not troubled by the timing of it,” Beckett said. “If that were the issue, there would be other considerations that we would be looking at.”

Though Beckett and Chesler did not specify any candidates currently being considered, both emphasized compatibility with the Ivy League as a factor the committee will consider.

Because of the academic requirements for athletes in the Ancient Eight, a coaching position in the conference can feel different from one elsewhere in Division I. The importance of fit may be one reason that eight of the 11 head coaches hired since 2009 were coaches at other Ivy schools before their new positions. Stannard, however, coming from Michigan State, had no obvious ties to the Ivy League before coming to Yale this year.

“If [candidates] have been involved in the Ivy League in some capacity, that’s always an added bonus,” Beckett said. “It’s not a requirement, but we need to have someone who understands the academic rigor of Yale, and the understanding that the students who come here to participate in sport are very, very passionate about [the academic] part of their life, and they’re very passionate about the athletic portion of their lives.”

“I think [experience in the Ivy League is] beneficial, but it’s not something that couldn’t be overcome by somebody who hasn’t been in the Ivy League,” Chesler said. “There are a lot of fine, fine academic schools out there. I don’t think you’re looking for a person with any one criteria.”

If fit does prove to be vital for the committee, there are several former Yale assistant coaches who currently hold positions across the nation. Allison Guth, who recently completed her third season as an assistant for Northwestern, spent two seasons at Yale from 2010 to 2012 as the recruiting coordinator. One of Guth’s predecessors, Kerry Jenkins, spent four years from 2001–05 as the Yale recruiting coordinator, and he has head coaching experience to boot, having spent the past seven seasons as the head coach at Division III Oberlin College.

But a candidate with even more Ivy experience and with Yale ties is current Princeton assistant coach Milena Flores, a two-time first team AllPac-10 selection at Stanford — and a former WNBA player — who coached in New Haven from 2005–07. The Tigers are coming off a perfect 30–0 regular season which culminated in a postseason loss to No. 1 seed Maryland in the second round of the NCAA Tournament.

While the search proceeds, offseason training has been operating as normal under the team’s assistants, Chesler said. She added that the team has not missed a workout, and that the limited time before the end of the school year means that even if the new hire occurs in the summer, the team will only have missed two weeks of training under its head coach.

Judith Krauss, master of Silliman College and faculty advisor of the Yale women’s basketball team, is also on the search committee, according to Chesler.

Contact DANIELA BRIGHENTI at daniela.brighenti@yale.edu and GREG CAMERON at greg.cameron@yale.edu .

Three No. 1 and one No. 7 sailing finishes SAILING FROM PAGE 14 ning what is essentially the Ivy League championships for college sailing. The delegation for the Bulldogs — which included skippers Graham Landy ’15 and Morgan Kiss ’15 as well as crews Katherine Gaumond ’15, Charlotte Belling ’16, Emily Johnson ’16 and Natalya Doris ’17 — finished first out of 18 teams and 43 points ahead of secondplace Harvard. In the A division, Landy, Gaumond and Belling finished with 25 points while the B division squad consisting of Kiss, Johnson and Doris finished with 31.

The win marks the fourth consecutive year that the Bulldogs have won this regatta.

Landy stated that the win was even sweeter sailing at Yale’s home venue.

“I’ve always enjoyed competing at home … our venue offers some of the better sailing conditions found in college sailing,” Landy said. “A few students even showed up to

spectate, so it was great to have supporters from the Yale community come and watch.”

The No. 1 coed team also competed at the Thompson Trophy hosted by Connecticut College this weekend, where a delegation consisting of skippers Ian Barrows ’17, Mitchell Kiss ’17 and Malcolm Lamphere ’18 as well as crews Meredith Megarry ’17, Clara Robertson ’17, Chandler Gregoire ’17 and Doris finished first out of 18 teams. Along with the women’s team, another delegation from the coed squad sailed on the Charles this weekend in the Oberg trophy hosted by Northeastern. On the Charles, the team finished seventh out of 13 teams.

Sarah Smith ’15 noted that the events this weekend showed the depth of the coed team.

“The Charles River can provide some tricky sailing conditions and it is important to stay focused and upbeat,” Smith said. “Everyone really showed

YALE DAILY NEWS

The women’s sailing program took its second win home of the season at the President’s Trophy hosted by Boston University. that they can compete at the highest level.”

The women’s team will compete in the Reed Trophy hosted by Boston College this upcoming weekend as they hope to qualify for the national

championships. The coed team will also head to Boston for the Boston Dinghy Cup this Saturday and Sunday.

Contact ALEX WALKER at alex.e.walker@yale.edu .

Wilson posts only T&F win TRACK & FIELD FROM PAGE 14 of 5.10m earned him third place, set a personal record and moved him into second for Yale’s alltime pole vault record.

“I was happy with my performance,” Sullivan said. “But I know I can go higher. Hopefully I’ll be over 17 feet in the next few weeks.”

The other Bulldog men in Virginia all ran in the 1,500meter run. Yale was led by James Randon ’17, who placed ninth with a time of 3:43.90, a personal best and the fourthfastest time in Yale history.

Further north, in Princeton, the Bulldogs fielded 10 men and women in the Larry Ellis Invitational.

The women had eight runners total: three in the 800meter run, two in the 1,500meter run and three in the 5,000-meter run. Though four Yale runners — Frances Schmeide ’17, Calleigh Higgins ’18, Dana Klein ’18 and Anna Demaree ’15 — broke personal records in those events, none finished higher than 18th overall.

Only two Bulldog men raced in Princeton: Jacob Sandry ’15 and Alex Connor ’16. Sandry ran in the 800-meter run, tak-

ing 29th with a time of 1:52.05, a personal best. Connor competed in the 1,500-meter run, taking 38th with a time of 14:57.62.

At home in New Haven, Emily Cable ’15 led the way for the women, placing fourth in the 100-meter dash with a time of 12.02 and second in the 200meter dash with a time of 24.39.

Mackenzie Mathews ’16 competed in the 100-meter hurdles as well as the 200meter dash, taking second in the hurdles with a time of 14.82.

Elle Brunsdale ’15 took ninth in the 400-meter dash with a time of 57.93.

In the 800-meter run, Sarah Healy ’18 (2:19.23) and Alyssa LaGuardia ’16 (2:22.35, PR) placed sixth and 17th, respectively.

A large Bulldog contingent ran in the 1,500-meter run, led by Raphael, who took fifth with a time of 4:43.45.

Melissa Fairchild ’18 (4:48.68, PR) and Claire Ewing-Nelson ’18 (4:49.14) also finished in the top 10.

Only one Bulldog competed in the 5,000-meter run: Hannah Alpert ’15. Alpert took third with a time of 18:45.69.

Six Bulldogs competed in the field events, with Karleh Wil-

son ’16 bringing home the only victory of the day. Her throw of 43.57m in the discus won her first place honors. Wilson also took second in the shot put with a throw of 14.25m and fourth in the hammer throw with a distance of 50.37m. Kate Simon ’17 took 11th in the hammer toss with a distance of 42.98m.

Megan Toon ’16 placed third in the high jump with height of 1.60m. Lillian Foote ’17 also competed in the high jump, taking 10th with a height of 1.50m.

Catherine Shih ’15 took fourth in the pole vault with a height of 3.50m , and Renee Vogel ’16 took sixth with a height of 3.35m.

“It was great to have our friends and family come out to support us when we competed on our home track,” Mathews said. “There is certainly an extra spark in our performances when we compete at home.”

For the men, Paedyn Gomes ’18 had the highest finish of the day, running the 110-meter hurdles in a time of 14.79 and placing fourth. Austin Loewen ’17 (15.22) and Daniel Kemp ’15 (15.37) finished ninth and 10th, respectively.

Four Bulldogs raced in the 400-meter dash, led by Alexander McDonald ’16, who

placed fifth with a time of 49.34. Behind him were Mario Kranjac ’15 and Austin Puleo ’17, who tied for seventh, both finishing with a time of 49.98.

In the 1,500-meter run, Tim Cox ’17 led a group of four Elis, placing fifth with a time of 4:01.71.

The Bulldogs fielded a single team for the 4x400-meter relay consisting of Gomes, William Rowe ’15, Loewen and Denzell Jobson ’17. The team placed sixth with a time of 3:27.88.

In the field, Jake Hoops ’18 threw for a personal best in the hammer throw, tossing 36.63m and placing 16th. He also competed in the discus, placing 13th with a throw of 39.67m, a personal best.

“It’s amazing, and I’m so blessed that I got the opportunity to run with such good competition in the beautiful weather down in Virginia,” Randon said.

Next weekend, starting on Thursday, both Bulldog teams will compete in the Penn Relays, concluding on Saturday. They will then return home on Sunday for the Yale Springtime Invitational.

Contact ADAM JENKINSON at adam.jenkinson@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 21, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 11

BULLETIN BOARD

TODAY’S FORECAST Cloudy through mid morning, then gradual clearing, with a high near 65.

TOMORROW High of 59, low of 40.

XKCD BY RANDALL MUNROE

ON CAMPUS TUESDAY, APRIL 21 11:30 AM A Conversation with Fareed Zakaria ’86. Under the auspices of the R. Peter Straus Lecture Series, Fareed Zakaria ’86, one of the world’s leading foreign policy thinkers and public intellectuals, will speak at the Yale School of Management, in an event marking the third anniversary of the founding of the Global Network for Advanced Management. Advance registration required. Evans Hall (165 Whitney Ave.).

4:00 PM Yale Student Poets Reading. Each year, about 10 undergraduate and graduate students are chosen to read selections of their work. The readers are selected from a list of nominees provided by Yale’s creative writing faculty. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library (121 Wall St.).

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 22 6:00 PM Sage Magazine Print Party. The Annual Sage Magazine Print Edition will be unveiled on Earth Day this Wednesday. Come celebrate! Kroon Hall (195 Prospect St.).

XKCD BY RANDALL MUNROE

THURSDAY, APRIL 23 5:30 PM Crusade, Conquest, and Conversion in the Medieval Iberian (1250-1550). A talk by David Wacks, associate professor of Spanish, University of Oregon. Hall of Graduate Studies (320 York St.).

FRIDAY, APRIL 24 11:30 AM Last Day of Classes Spring Planting. The YSFP will celebrate the end of the school year and the beginning of a new growing season with live music, delicious food and a spring planting. Yale Farm (345 Edwards St.).

y SUBMIT YOUR EVENTS ONLINE yaledailynews.com/events/submit To reach us: E-mail editor@yaledailynews.com Advertisements 2-2424 (before 5 p.m.)

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Questions or comments about the fairness or accuracy of stories should be directed to Editor in Chief Isaac Stanley-Becker at (203) 432-2418.

Bulletin Board is a free service provided to groups of the Yale community for events. Listings should be submitted online at yaledailynews.com/events/ submit. The Yale Daily News reserves the right to edit listings.

To visit us in person 202 York St. New Haven, Conn. (Opposite JE) FOR RELEASE APRIL 21, 2015

Los Angeles Times Daily Crossword Puzzle

CLASSIFIEDS

CROSSWORD Edited by Rich Norris and Joyce Lewis ACROSS 1 Stick (out) 4 Chocolate syrup choice 9 Call to mind 14 Self-image 15 Chipmunk’s morsel 16 “America by Heart” author Sarah 17 Good name for a tree-lined street 18 Controversial coal-extraction process 20 Long gun 22 Really mad 23 __-Loompa: fictional chocolate factory worker 26 Bagpiper, often 27 Buy lots of presents for 33 “2001” computer 34 Cinematic shootout time 35 Monica of tennis 36 Allowed to ripen, as cheddar 38 Kind of card or drive 41 Senate slot 42 Rose (up) on hind legs, to a cowhand 44 Beat to a froth 46 Doctor’s org.

47 Wry wit 51 “¿Qué __?”

52 Jazz singer Krall 53 Curse-inflicting stare 56 Some Balkanites 59 Opera house section 62 Kit __: candy bar 63 Everglades wader 64 Pro basketball player, briefly 65 H-like letter 66 “Think again!”

67 Decent chaps 68 “Give __ thoughts no tongue”: “Hamlet” DOWN 1 Bit of heckling 2 Aptly named fruit 3 Horseplay

4/21/15

By John Lampkin

4 Infielders 5 Autumn mo.

6 Fraternity counterpart: Abbr.

7 Nursery bed 8 Like some military housing 9 Literary postscripts 10 Makeup tables 11 “Chocolat” actress Lena 12 Royal flush card 13 Second lang., for some 19 Wisc. neighbor 21 Stuck-in-the-mud gear 24 University VIP 25 AFB truant 27 Broken pottery piece 28 Helga’s Viking husband, in comics 29 Extremely impressed 30 Bargain hunter’s mecca 31 Spanish “I love you” 32 Astronomical red giant

Monday’s Puzzle Solved

©2015 Tribune Content Agency, LLC

37 More than dislikes 39 Not barefoot 40 Old audio system 43 Includes in the poker game 45 Sci-fi weapons 48 Tiny fraction of a min.

49 Adage 50 One in Paris 53 Therefore 54 Opposite of hor.

SUDOKU EASY PEASY

4/21/15

55 Kathryn of “Law & Order: C.I.” 57 Appropriate room for the sequence comprised of the starts of 18-, 27-, 47- and 59Across 58 Legal suspension 59 Family room 60 Soda container 61 Do-over on the court

8 2 5 9 1 7 9 9 1 7 6 9 4 2 4 2 6 7 9 1 4 7 2 2 6 8 3 4 9 3 5 9 2

THURSDAY High of 55, low of 36.

PAGE 12

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 21, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Ability to imagine smells linked to obesity

BY DAN WEINER SENIOR REPORTER The ability to vividly imagine the smell of freshly baked chocolate chip cookies — among other odors — may be a risk factor for weight gain, according to a new study out of the Yale School of Medicine.

Previous research has linked mental imagery to cravings, and cravings to body size, but the connection between imagery and body size had remained unexplored until now. The researchers discovered that people with a heightened ability to imagine odors tended to have higher body mass indices. The finding, which appears in the April 9 edition of the journal Appetite, has implications for identifying individuals at risk for weight gain, as well as for creating obesity therapies, said Dana Small, the study’s senior author and a professor of psychiatry at the School of Medicine.

“If you can identify people easily who are better imagers, then you can identify people who are at risk,” Small said. “This is a simple, non-invasive way of figuring it out.”

Over the course of previous research, Small noticed that individuals with higher BMIs were often quite adept at imagining odors, she said, and she wondered if there could be a link between the two. Heightened ability to imagine odors could intensify the craving experience, which in turn would encourage food consumption, Small said.

The work aligns with a trend in the field to define the genetic and environmental factors that put some individuals at increased risk for weight gain, Small added.

In the study, subjects filled out a series of questionnaires that asked them to rate the vividness of imagined visual and odor experiences. The researchers found that individuals with a higher BMI reported experiencing more vivid odors of imagined food and non-food items.

The results are straightforward, but an important piece in understanding the causes of obesity, said Barkha Patel, study lead author and postdoctoral fellow in psychiatry at the medical school.

Jackie Andrade, a professor of psychology at Plymouth University in England, who was not involved in the study, praised the work for demonstrating the link between body weight and the natural ability to imagine food.

“I think it helps to give us a picture of what makes some peo-

THAO DO/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR

ple particularly prone to cravings,” Andrade said. “Of course, if you have a lot of cravings, it will be uncomfortable to resist food.”

The finding suggests that by altering or interfering with the imagery process, therapy could prevent strong imagery from driving craving, and ultimately, weight gain, Andrade said. Her previous work has shown that disrupting visual imagery by playing Tetris can reduce crav-

ing intensity, and a similar logic could guide disruption of odor imagery.

Small said the finding may represent a simple, non-invasive method to identify those at heightened risk of weight gain.

Initiating a course of antipsychotic medication, for instance, can put individuals at risk of dramatic weight gain, but separating these individuals by odor imagery could allow practitioners to tailor treatment.

Marcia Pelchat, an associate member of the Monell Chemical Senses Center, a nonprofit independent scientific institute in Philadelphia, and who was not involved in the study, said she hopes the finding encourages additional research into the cognitive science of obesity.

“I think we’ve gone through the alphabet soup approach — 10 million neurotransmitters and neuromodulators — but we still haven’t come up with a solution

to the problem,” Pelchat said.

“These cognitive approaches have proven to be quite effective.”

Small said follow-up studies should adopt a behavioral assessment, instead of just administering a questionnaire, to rule out the possibility that the self-report measures in the study were the result of a subject reporting bias. While it is impossible to conclude from the correlational finding that men-

tal imagery is causally related to weight gain, future studies that tracked individuals over time would allow researchers to figure out if the ability to imagine smells truly predicts future weight gain, Small said.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one in three American adults are obese.

Contact DAN WEINER at daniel.weiner@yale.edu .

Brain death criteria far from uniform

BY BRENDAN HELLWEG STAFF REPORTER

ASHLYN OAKES/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR

Harvesting the organs of a living person is generally considered morally reprehensible, but the aversion tends to fade when the person in question no longer has a functioning brain or any hope of recovery. A new Yale study has found that the legal boundary separating these two scenarios is far from consistent across international borders.

“The issue is that extermination of life by neurological criteria — brain death — is extremely hard to grasp, even when it is defined by law and there are reliable procedures for determining it,” said Nancy Berlinger, research scholar for the Hastings Center, a bioethics research center.

Because of that, even in places where the legal and procedural boundaries are clear, there can be uncertainty in determining whether death has occurred, and thus whether physicians can move forward with organ transplants, the study found.

Across 91 countries and six continents, physicians were surveyed on whether they knew about the existence of laws establishing brain death, and whether they had institutional procedures to address the condition. The study also examined the way doctors perceived, interacted and evaluated — using gag reflexes and pupil response tests, for instance — brain-dead patients.

The researchers found that there is drastically greater legal and procedural focus on brain damage in richer countries than in poorer countries. In fact,

only two of nine poor countries reported the existence of legal procedures, while all but one of the 36 rich countries did.

“In order to get to a determination of brain death, you need to have had the most advanced sort of life-sustaining technology supporting the heart and lung to even figure out if brain death has occurred,” said Berlinger.

She added that if a country does not have highly advanced life-support technology — as is the case for many poor countries — bodies will expire before brain death criteria can be evaluated.

It is the presence of expensive and advanced medical technology in intensive care units that keeps people alive up to the point that they can become brain dead, said David Greer, Yale professor of neurology and co-author of the study. Because of the medical technology, clearer definitions of brain death are needed.

“In a country in Africa, odds are that the only way for a patient’s organs to be maintained would be to take turns handoperating a mask and a bag,” said Greer. “And that’s not feasible.”

Similarly, the study found that when a country had a better-established transplant network — facilitating the transfer of a brain-dead person’s liver, for instance, to someone in need — that country was more likely to have established laws regarding brain-dead patients.

Berlinger said this trend was likely because the existence of organ transplant infrastructure made it particularly critical to understand brain death, which is a prerequisite to donating certain organs. Organ transplant infra-

structures were much more common in richer countries.

However, not all criteria and procedures for brain death increased with wealth. In fact, the study found that only 47 percent of countries surveyed had procedures for establishing brain death similar to the American Academy of Neurology’s definition. The 53 percent who had procedures different in some manner from the American Academy of Neurology’s criteria were not significantly concentrated in any level of wealth.

Because many countries, even wealthy countries, lack procedures similar to the American Academy of Neurology’s criteria, Greer thinks that in some countries, it is more likely that someone may be declared brain dead when they are, in fact, alive.

“Let’s say they don’t require that the pupil response be absent, or the gag reflex be absent,” said Greer. “Those are things that measure brain functioning at a very rudimentary level, so unless those are accounted for, physicians may be misdiagnosing people, which would be the worst thing possible.”

The misdiagnosed patients would almost certainly not be recoverable already, said Greer, but could still have brain-functioning capacity. Misdiagnosis, then, crosses a “very clear line” by cutting off support for the patient before he or she is actually dead.

“This is something where you need to be 100 percent certain,” said Greer.

Contact BRENDAN HELLWEG at brendan.hellweg@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 21, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 13

“Marriage is neither Heaven nor Hell, it is simply Purgatory.”

ABRAHAM LINCOLN PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES

Husbands’ physical activity predicts wives’ mental health

BY QI XU CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Marry a spouse who exercises. That is the takeaway from a new Yale study that shows that wives whose husbands complete more physical activity are less depressed.

The researchers in the study, which focused on aging couples, found that more exercise predicts better mental well-being in aging males, but this correlation between physical activity and mental health is less apparent in females of the same age group. But wives’ mental health is influenced by their husbands’ exercise. The article appears in the April issue of the Annals of Behavioral Medicine.

“There are a lot of studies showing that physical activity predicts mental and physical health, and especially as you get older,” said Joan Monin, study lead author and professor of epidemiology at the School of Public Health. “But many elderly are married and live with other people and especially their spouses, and their spouses’ behaviors and feelings tend to be related to [their own], so they have an important influence on each other.”

Existing measures for enhanc-

ing well-being focus on individuals and rarely target couples, Monin added.

Janet Currie, director of the Center for Health and Well-being at Princeton, which encourages research on health determinants, said the research study is innovative in going beyond the effects of exercise on individuals to the effects of their family relationships.

While existing theories state that exercise increases blood flow and thus improves mental well-being for both males and females, the spouse influence is not as widely known, said Joan Bloom, professor of health policy and management at University of California, Berkeley.

Monin said the different types of physical activities between husbands and wives probably explain why physical activity affects mental health more for husbands than for wives. While husbands usually take part in group exercise that is more active and fun, wives’ physical activities often include household chores, she said. The former type of exercise might be more beneficial for mental well-being than the latter, she added.

Besides the different physical activities, wives also focus more

on relationships than husbands do, Monin said.

“They tend to do things that their husbands are doing, but the husbands focus more on themselves,” she said.

Women are also more often the caregivers of their husbands, so their physical activity may depend on their husbands’ ability to complete physical activity, Monin said. These differences could explain why husbands’ physical activity influences wives’ symptoms of depression but not the other way around, she added.

Although the study does not establish causation between spouses’ physical activity and mental health, William Satariano, professor at the University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, said the relationship is plausible.

“Maybe a person engaged [in physical activity] has better physical and cognitive health,” said Satariano, who teaches a class called “Aging and Public Health” and conducts research on physical activity among the elderly. “Because of that, they contribute to creating a healthier environment, defined broadly, and so their spouses live in a happier setting.”

THAO DO/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR

Satariano said the research study has important implications both for future research and intervention programs targeted at the elderly. He said the study probes a very exciting area: the significance of spousal relationships and their effect on health.

The study could also lead to the development of new programs designed to protect caregivers, who suffer from elevated health risks in part due to the stress of caring for their spouses, Satariano said.

Approximately 15 percent of

adults aged 60 and over worldwide suffer from a mental disorder, according to a 2010 World Health Organization global burden of disease study.

Contact QI XU at qi.xu@yale.edu .

Level of exposure to World Trade Center attacks impacts PTSD rates

BY JONATHAN MARX CONTRIBUTING REPORTER

ASHLYN OAKES/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR

A recent study may shine a light on the development of posttraumatic stress disorder in police officers after the attacks of Sept.

11, 2001.

A group of researchers, including two at the Yale School of Medicine, have released data suggesting that police responders who spent more time at the World Trade Center disaster site both during and following the attack have experienced more severe symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. This connection may help to reduce future posttraumatic stress for police officers through preemptive stress management training and other techniques.

“9/11 is one of the biggest human-made disasters of our time,” said Roman Kotov, professor of psychiatry at Stony Brook University and lead author of the study. “The key finding is that the responders who have been more exposed during the cleanup operation have become more sensitive to everyday stressors in years that follow.”

The study attempted to examine the effect of length of direct exposure to the attack on the

severity and frequency of PTSD symptoms in its aftermath.

The researchers used data from 18,896 disaster responders, collected between 2002 and 2012 by the World Trade Center Health Program, which monitors treatment of 9/11 responders. Nearly half of the participants were law enforcement officials, while others were non-professional responders such as construction workers and electricians.

Each participant was interviewed twice. At the first meeting, researchers ascertained participants’ level of exposure to the disaster, including the amount of time spent at the World Trade Center site and whether they had lost a co-worker or friend in the attack. The follow-up interview attempted to assess the postdisaster stress and its effects on the daily lives of the responders.

After distilling these interviews into quantitative measures, the researchers analyzed the large data set and found statistically significant associations between length of disaster exposure and PTSD for police officers, but not for other responders.

The findings suggest potential steps that could be taken to reduce PTSD in police officers. Focusing on providing stress management

and PTSD treatment to officers who spend long periods of time working at a site of past trauma can help to reduce their symptoms, the study concludes.

While the results seem clear, Kotov said the study could have produced more effective and useful data.

“One big limitation is that we are asking people about this exposure now, more than a decade in some cases after the exposure occurred,” Kotov said.

“If we could have interviewed responders about the exposure in 2002, that would’ve been a real improvement over the design that we actually had to follow.”

Additionally, this study answered only one of many questions about PTSD in World Trade Center survivors. Rather than simply focusing on the study’s conclusions as they relate to 9/11 specifically, researchers will attempt to use this study as a stepping stone to more widespread investigations.

According to Robert Pietrzak, professor of psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine and a coauthor of the study, the ultimate goal of the research is to develop a risk prediction model that can inform future prevention and treatment efforts for disaster-

related PTSD. Though Pietrzak and his fellow researchers on the study are looking to apply their research to the broader world of disaster-related trauma, Joan Cook, a professor of psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine who has done extensive research on PTSD in war veterans, said she sees the scope of these findings as limited in application to 9/11. She said she does not see this research as applicable to PTSD treatment for those who have served in war zones.

“Serving in a war-zone can mean constant or multiple times a day exposure to serious life threat,” Cook said. “Some treatments will encourage the person for focus on the ‘worst’ or ‘most disturbing’ traumatic incident.”

Nonetheless, Cook emphasized the importance of these findings, citing the large data set and reliable self-reporting measures as “impressive.”

According to New York City health programs, at least 10,000 civilians and responders have been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder since being exposed to the World Trade Center attack.

Contact JONATHAN MARX at jonathan.marx@yale.edu .

Study could help reduce tiger killings

BY GRACE CASTILLO CONTRIBUTING REPORTER A new Yale study may help save the tigers.

Researchers from the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies have come up with a form of spatial modeling to identify the areas of the Kanha Tiger Reserve National Park where the risk of tiger attacks on livestock is highest, in the hopes of reducing farmer-tiger conflict. The study holds potential for mitigating farmers’ economic losses, but could also prove an important part of the conservation puzzle for the dwindling tiger population.

“If we can understand what kind of landscape features these cats target when they’re attacking livestock, then we can better predict where to graze, and predict where the high risk areas are,” said Jennie Miller FES ’12, the study’s lead author, who conducted the research for her dissertation.

Similar statistical models have been used in past research with wolves in the United States.

Though Miller’s model is based off of these, it is distinct because of the differences in large cats’ hunting patterns.

The team studied the area within 20 square meters of each kill site. Though past mod-

els have focused on larger areas, tigers are more limited in their movements, and therefore, the wider radius is unnecessary.

Wild prey is available to the tigers, but so too is livestock, which the tigers may only attack when the opportunity arises — if a cow, for instance, had strayed into a densely forested area that the tiger already frequented.

Thus, Miller said the model is likely to reduce attacks for many years to come because tigers are unlikely to shift behavior patterns in order to continue feeding on no-longer-easily-available cows.

The team worked in central India in the Kanha Tiger Reserve, where the large tiger population had produced more than 400 instances of attack on livestock within that year. The researchers partnered with the local livestock compensation program, through which farmers can report livestock lost to tiger predation to the forest department for reimbursement. This helped provide the team with the data they needed and began to elucidate the relationship between land features and risk.

Though much of what the model predicted was relatively straightforward — attacks, for instance, were more frequent in areas farther away from villages and were less frequent in areas

with less vegetation — it did help identify riskier areas in seemingly uniform landscapes.

Professor at the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies and Miller’s advisor Oswald Schmitz said that though policy to protect tigers already exists, Miller’s work will prove that it really is possible for humans and tigers to coexist peacefully.

Miller said some changes based on the study, especially fencing in higher-risk areas of the park, are already going into effect. However, there is still a long way to go, and the study is just one important piece of a larger puzzle.

“Tigers are on the brink of going extinct,” Miller said, noting the importance of protecting habitats and reducing illegal poaching. In fact, she identified poaching as the number one challenge tigers face, adding that if it were scaled back, the population would have a solid chance at recovery.

Miller’s next study will look at farmers’ perception of risk. Identifying the disparities between perceived and actual risk could help reduce tiger attacks even further, Miller said.

There are fewer than 3,500 wild tigers left in the world.

Contact GRACE CASTILLO at grace.castillo@yale.edu .

CAROLINE TISDALE/CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATOR

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TYLER VARGA ’15 DRAFT RECOGNITION FROM S.I. The superstar running back, who was invited to the NFL Combine in February and performed in front of representatives from 28 NFL teams at his Pro Day in March, was recognized as the No. 177 prospect in the NFL Draft by Sports Illustrated.

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KEVIN CAHILL RUNNING FOR DANTE Cahill is a football assistant in charge of the passing game, but yesterday, he had a much bigger calling: running the Boston Marathon. He finished with a time of 3:48:38 and helped raise $27,789 for Team IMPACT, which matches children with major illnesses with college teams.

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“Our venue offers some of the better sailing conditions found in college sailing.”

GRAHAM LANDY ’15 SAILING YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 21, 2015 · yaledailynews.com

Yale begins search for new HC

Tennis splits with Big Green, Crimson

BY DANIELA BRIGHENTI AND GREG CAMERON STAFF REPORTERS Following the announcement that Chris Gobrecht, former Yale women’s basketball head coach, had accepted a head coaching position at Air Force, administrators in Yale’s Athletic Department have already begun their search for Gobrecht’s replacement — and they have plans to finish the search quickly.

Yale is still finalizing the

members of the head coach search committee, according to Senior Associate Athletics Director Barbara Chesler, who will be chairing the committee. But one of the committee’s goals is to bring in candidates

by May 7, so that current players on the team can offer feedback for the committee’s decision before they leave campus for the summer, she said.

Though that goal gives the department just 16 more days to finalize its list of candidates, Chesler said she is not worried

about the timing of the search, and that the period with no head coach will not significantly impact the team’s offseason operations. “[May 7] is our goal, but we’ll have to see how it goes,” Chesler said. “We might make it, we might not. We’re going to have to see how big the candidate pool is, who we think we want to bring in.”

The committee will seek candidates by soliciting recommendations, accepting applications and “asking people in

the basketball world,” Chesler said, so that its applicant pool as wide as possible. She added that in her experience searching for coaches, Yale has hired coaches who had previously been thinking of switching jobs and those who had not considered a new position until the Yale role opened up.

Yale guard Nyasha Sarju ’16 said the athletic department has asked for as much input from the team as possible, and SEE W. BASKETBALL PAGE 10

WOMEN’S BASKETBALL

GRAHAM HARBOE/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The women’s tennis squad climbed to .500 against Harvard before sinking back below after falling to Dartmouth this weekend.

BY JACOB MITCHELL CONTRIBUTING REPORTER As the 2015 Ivy League tennis season winds down, the Yale women’s team defeated Harvard 4–3 on Friday before losing to Dartmouth on Sunday by the same score. The men lost both of their matches against the same two universities.

TENNIS Following their win over Harvard, the women moved to .500 on the season (9–9, 3–2 Ivy).

But after their subsequent loss to Dartmouth, they dropped below

the 0.500 mark. The Crimson won the doubles point to begin the day, but Yale battled back to secure four wins in singles competition.

Hanna Yu ’15, Madeleine Hamilton ’16 and Ree Ree Li ’16 each notched victories in the first three singles spots for the Bulldogs.

Carol Finke ’18 fell behind in the second set of her match with Harvard’s Amanda Lin, but she battled back to win 6–3, 3–6, 7–6, clinching the overall Yale victory. In her final set, she won the tiebreaker by four points. According to Li, Finke’s win was the biggest of the day as she remained mentally and

OLUFOLAKE OGUNMOLA/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

SEE TENNIS PAGE 10

The Bulldogs finished with a 7–7 record in conference play in the 2014–15 season.

Sailing notches more wins

Elis split up on East Coast

BY ADAM JENKINSON CONTRIBUTING REPORTER With athletes competing in three different locations this weekend, the Bulldog track and field teams were spread thin. Still, the Elis were still able to perform at a high level.

TRACK & FIELD

YALE DAILY NEWS

The coed sailing team came in first out of 18 teams at the Owen, Mosbacher and Knapp Trophies at home.

BY ALEX WALKER CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Both the Yale women’s and coed sailing teams found themselves in first place at their respective regattas this past weekend as the two teams prepare to take on upcoming championship events.

SAILING The women’s team claimed its second win of the season at the President’s Trophy hosted by Boston University. Meanwhile, the coed team picked up its sixth first-place finish on the season competing at home in the Owen, Mosbacher and Knapp Trophies.

The coed team also sent two other Yale delegations to the Thompson Trophy and the Oberg Trophy where the two squads finished first and seventh, respectively.

The No. 1 women’s team braved the shifty conditions of the Charles on Saturday and Sunday, finishing first out of 14 teams, and besting both No. 3 Brown and No. 4 Bowdoin. Skipper Casey Klingler ’18 and crew Isabelle Rossi de Leon ’17 sailed in the A division, placing second with 57 points behind George Washington University. In her debut regatta for the women’s team, crew Caroline Cowell ’18 and skipper Marly Isler ’16 finished third among B division teams with an identical 57 points.

As Isler noted, the Bulldogs’ success serves as a testament to their hard work and should encourage them to continue pushing as they head into national qualifiers this week.

“As an entire team, I think it’s important to put each regatta weekend, result and race behind us immediately after they happen,” Isler said. “If Yale is ranked first in the college sailing rankings or wins a regatta, we need to acknowledge that our hard work is paying off and continue practicing just as hard.”

After qualifying for the national championship last week, the coed team returned to action by win-

STAT OF THE DAY 4

SEE SAILING PAGE 10

Runners, throwers and jumpers competed in three different meets this weekend: Some Bulldogs went to Charlottesville, Virginia for the Virginia Challenge, while others went to Princeton for the Larry Ellis Invitational and a third contingent stayed at home to compete in the Mark Young Invitational. All meets took place on Saturday, with some events in Virginia taking place on Friday.

“Even when the team competes in different places, we’re really all still there for each other,” Kate Raphael ’18 said.

“We wish each other good luck in our races even when we’re competing in different states; we refresh the results page of each other’s meets and celebrate in real time despite the difference.”

Only eight Bulldogs, two women and six men, competed in Virginia, the smallest number of the weekend.

For the women, captain

STEPHANIE ADDENBROOKE/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Both the men’s and women’s track and field teams had players competing in Virginia, New Jersey and Connecticut last weekend.

Kira Garry ’15 and Shannon McDonnell ’16 both had strong performances, despite going up against the country’s top competition, such as Michigan, Ohio State and Virginia.

Garry, who had yet to be tested in the 3,000-meter steeplechase this season, placed fourth, running the race in 10:11.59. Her time is the new school record, a record she had set twice before.

In the 800-meter run, McDonnell placed ninth with a time of 2:07.67, just four seconds behind the leader, in a field of 66 runners.

The Bulldog men, meanwhile, fielded five runners and a jumper in Charlottesville.

Brendan Sullivan ’16 was Yale’s only competitor on Friday. His mark in the pole vault SEE TRACK & FIELD PAGE 10

THE NUMBER OF IVY LEAGUE WINS THE DOUBLES PAIR OF STEFAN DOEHLER ’18 AND FEDOR ADRIENKO ’18 HAS THIS SEASON. The freshman doubles pair is having a breakout season and if their play continues, is within reach of earning first-team Ivy League distinction.