Today's Paper

NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · TUESDAY, APRIL 22, 2014 · VOL. CXXXVI, NO. 124 · yaledailynews.com

INSIDE THE NEWS MORNING EVENING

FOG RAIN

64 46

CROSS CAMPUS

NETWORKS TWITTER USED TO PREDICT FUTURE

MARKETS

UCS

Pop up European market to return to Elm City for second year

UCS LAUNCHES SUMMER JOB EVALUATION SITE

PAGES 10-11 SCITECH

PAGE 3 CITY

PAGE 3 NEWS

UNEMPLOYMENT New Haven unemployment rate above national average PAGE 5 CITY

Faculty governance: a power within

Baby bulldogs descend upon campus today. The hectic,

three-day rush event known as Bulldog Days takes place from 2 p.m. until the same time Thursday. Although difficult to imagine, there really are several hundred potential newcomers who have never heard of Toad’s, go to bed before midnight and who are not of voting age for the ongoing Yale College Council elections.

Global warming might be real, but divestment is not. A

prank email sent to members of campus yesterday declared the University had decided to divest from fossil fuels. The message described a ten-year plan to shift away from oil, coal and gas companies and create a full-time position dedicated to evaluation social and environmental impact.

Administrators confirmed the announcement was a hoax.

Nerd Alert. Yale News

released a piece yesterday documenting a conference of emergency medicine practitioners that took place at the Omni in late March.

The article was titled “NERDS rule at Yale” in reference to the attendees who were New England Research Directors of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. “One of my residents, a first-time attendee, said it best, ‘I love being a NERD!” said James Feldman, research director at Boston Medical Center.

Bar and cars. According to USA Today, happy hour may soon become more convenient for New Haven Line Metro-North commuters. Metro-North has hired a consulting company for $1.1 million to design a retro-fitted M-8 car and one feature that might be returning is the bar cafe car.

For now however, travelers must make the most of their by downing a few before boarding.

Wearing the White Hat. Dartmouth’s 2014

commencement speech will be delivered by TV producer and Class of 1991 alumni Shonda Rhimes. Rhimes is the creator, head writer and executive producer of “Grey’s Anatomy” and “Private Practice” as well as the political drama “Scandal.”

At Dartmouth, she studied English literature and creative writing.

Well-versed. The New Haven school district is holding two citywide poetry jams this week, one for middle school students and another for high school students. Around 75 to 100 students will perform total by the end of the week.

THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY

April 22 1932 Yale Harvard debaters hold an annual debate with the topic of Hoover’s re-election.

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A

s the University has grown more complex, existing structures of faculty governance have proven insufficient. This academic year, the addition of a Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and the faculty vote to create an elected senate will likely change the University’s governance structures. ADRIAN RODRIGUES reports.

NICK DEFIESTA/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

In the beginning there was no faculty.

UPCLOSE

For the first 54 years of its existence, the Collegiate School — later renamed Yale College — did not have a single professor.

Between 1701 and 1755, a handful

of young tutors assisted the lone rector of the fledgling school.

The University did not officially appoint its first professor until 1756, and the total size

of the teaching force did not exceed six for another 50 years.

Since that time, the professoriate has gradually expanded, reaching 37 professors by 1901

and 70 by 1953. As of October 2013, Yale has 445 tenured professors.

SEE GOVERNANCE PAGE 6

New Christian ministry center to open

BY LARRY MILSTEIN STAFF REPORTER On April 26, Christian Union, a national faith-based organization that exists at seven Ivy League universities and came to Yale in 2010, will host a ribboncutting ceremony for its new Christian ministry center on 31 Whitney Ave. The ministry center — named in honor of abolitionist James W.C. Pennington — will serve as a meeting space for Christian students and help facilitate Christian Union activities such as Bible studies, leadership training and prayer groups.

Saturday’s ribbon-cutting event will include a tour of the new facility and a reception for students, donors and Christian Union representatives.

Since the space was purchased

by Christian Union in January, it has been used temporarily as an office space for the group and has also undergone renovations, according to Chris Matthews, director of Christian Union’s undergraduate ministry at Yale.

SEE MINISTRY PAGE 4

KATHRYN CRANDALL/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

The new Christian Union ministry center on Whitney Avenue will provide space for meetings, events, and social gatherings of the Yale community.

Coding camp enrollment doubles

BY RACHEL SIEGEL STAFF REPORTER After a successful first year, the Yale Entrepreneurial Institute and Student Tech Collaborative will host a second intensive coding program this summer, doubling the size of participants and revamping some of the program’s curriculum.

The 10-week program — a collaborative effort between the two organizations — will host 30 Yale students on campus this year, compared to 15 last year. The program aims to teach basic coding skills to those with little programming experience.

Participants are selected from an applicant pool and awarded a scholar-

ship covering the full cost of the program, as well as a $1,500 stipend for living expenses. Over the course of the summer, students complete two webbased programs as a means of launching an original business endeavor.

Though the program attracts students interested in computer programming and entrepreneurship, this year’s participants come from a wide range of majors, including English, chemistry, mechanical engineering and environmental studies. This year, 26 undergraduates and four graduate students will participate.

“We saw a need for more technical co-founders on campus,” said YEI SEE YEI BOOTCAMP PAGE 4

Homicide suspect arrested

BY MAREK RAMILO STAFF REPORTER The New Haven Police Department has handcuffed the individual responsible for one of the city’s two most recent homicides, both of which claimed teenaged victims.

On April 17, NHPD officers cornered 18-year-old Jeffrey Covington on Poplar Street, concluding their approximately three-week long investigation into 17-year-old Taijhon Washington’s murder. Police determined that Covington shot Washington and his 16-year-old half-brother Travon Washington, who survived the incident, late last

month near the intersection of Lilac Street and Butler Street. Taijhon Washington became New Haven’s fifth homicide victim of 2014, but the total climbed to six just 10 days later when 16-year-old Torrence Gamble was shot in the Hill neighborhood.

“What we want all of you to know is that a young man of this dear family is a young man of this beloved city and that we all grieve together,” NHPD Chief Dean Esserman said at a Monday press conference held to announce the arrest. “We bring some answers to this family [with this arrest].”

SEE ARREST PAGE 4

PAGE 2

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 22, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

OPINION

.COMMENT “The humanist is an endangered species.” yaledailynews.com/opinion

Don’t index us to W unaffordability R

egardless of whom you vote for in the runoff election for Yale College Council president, your candidate of choice supports the idea of indexing the student income contribution portion of Yale’s financial aid package to a consistent standard that would make future increases in the SIC predictable from year to year.

For Michael Herbert ’16, whose campaign first proposed this idea, the standard of choice is the Consumer Price Index, a basket of goods whose collective price acts as a convenient measure of inflation.

For Leah Motzkin ’16, CPI is one option, but her campaign is open to other measures like the campus minimum wage or even an arbitrary percentage consistent from year to year.

Both approaches, however, will ultimately harm the very students they are trying to protect.

It’s easy to see why such an approach might make sense: As Herbert himself points out in a graphic released by his campaign on social media, had the SIC been linked to CPI beginning in 2008, low-income students would face a total SIC (including term-time work expectations) of $5,343 rather than the current $6,400. To be sure, low-income students, myself included, have scrambled to afford these arbitrary increases.

But, in truth, there is more to those numbers than either candidate admits.

First of all, it’s important to understand the difference here between nominal and real costs.

If we tie the SIC to inflation, we will increase the nominal cost of education automatically every year, but the real cost will stay the same. If we freeze the SIC at current levels, the nominal price will stay the same, but real costs will decrease each year.

With that distinction in mind, using an index now creates two major problems.

First, since the administration increased the nominal cost of education even higher than inflation over the last few years, implementing an index now would lock in the real cost of education at its current unaffordable level, making what might have been a temporary problem a permanent one.

Second, and more importantly, locking in real costs with an index would prevent Yale from making any further progress on extending the dream of a Yale degree to low-income students. Over the last few decades, beginning with President Kingman Brewster and especially with President Rick Levin, Yale has made dramatic progress in bringing down the

real cost of education for lowincome students, eventually leading to Yale’s f a m o u s promise, TYLER Fa m i l i e s BLACKMON “whose total gross income Back to is less than $65,000 are Blackmon not expected to make any financial contribution towards their child’s Yale education.”

Thus, even if Herbert and Motzkin’s consensus might curb growth in the short-run, it will be catastrophic in the long run, as Yale would no longer have the flexibility to decrease the real cost of the student income contribution in fair economic climates.

In short, we are having the wrong debate. We should be talking about how Yale will be able to emerge from the recession and the current deficit crisis and still reduce the real cost of education for low-income students every year, as has been the tradition generally over the last few decades, if not in the last few years. Instead, we have assumed for some reason that Yale should halt its progress and keep real costs the same.

Quite frankly, I’ve given up on the affordability of my own college experience. Despite all promises to the contrary, I will graduate Yale with thousands of dollars of debt in the hopes that somewhere on the other side of graduation a job awaits me that will help me climb out of debt.

But we shouldn’t hamstring future students to the same levels of unaffordability that we must endure in 2014 just because we are currently grappling with an ongoing recession and crippling budget deficits.

To that end, I challenge both candidates to expand their horizons. If President Salovey is true to his rhetoric about socioeconomic status, it is likely that five years from now the University will find itself on more solid economic footing and can be more generous with financial aid, perhaps surpassing even Harvard’s generous policies. At that time, a rigid index would prevent the University from bringing down the real cost of education any further for future financial aid recipients.

Let’s not sacrifice long-term progress for short-term political points.

'THEANTIYALE' ON 'FROM NULAND,

TO US'

Yale, the best place

elcome, prospective students. You’ve been admitted to the best place in the world, where you’ll make lifelong friends and deepen your well of knowledge.

This is a school filled to the brim with cheerful a cappella groups, huge theater productions and every publication imaginable (including the News, my drug of choice!). Yale is a place where you’ll stay up deep in conversation, where you live in your very own Hogwarts house, where you can experience something once characterized by the late Marina Keegan as the “opposite of loneliness.”

Also, at one point or another, you’ll probably hate it here.

Oh, I know, we’re not supposed to say that. A Monday email from President Peter Salovey implores us to welcome you, to “[show you] why we think Yale is the best place in the world to be an undergraduate.” The goal of Bulldog Days, as Deans Marichal Gentry and Jeremiah Quinlan wrote in another Monday email, is to ensure that you “experience the best that Yale has to offer…”

We’ve got you covered on that front. You’ll be courted by hundreds of clubs and see some awesome performances. Campus will be abuzz with beaming students throwing frisbees; there will be free food literally everywhere.

We know Bulldog Days works because we asked. Last year, over

85 percent of Bulldog Days attendees called it “better” or “much better” than other programs. We win — now come to NICK DEFIESTA Yale!

But in putting together City Limits Bulldog Days every year, in painting Yale as utopian, University administrators and students are doing you a gigantic disservice. We are building expectations for your bright college years so high that they’ll be impossible to match once you finally arrive.

Take the extracurricular bazaar.

You’ll go wild signing up for as many organizations as you possibly can, from the do-gooders at Dwight Hall to the weird display of state pride that is the Minnesota Club.

Yet once you get to campus, you might start to feel out of place if your every day isn’t spent hopping from one club to another. You’ll compete with your peers over who slept less the night before. You’ll probably feel pressured to commit to so many organizations that you end up prioritizing them over homework or friends.

Look, too, at the classes you might attend. Maybe you’ll stop in at one of the Master Classes and

be intellectually challenged by the resulting discussions with your future peers.

In reality, some of Yale’s biggest academic celebrities fare poorly as teachers and you probably won’t get into their classes anyway. And for all the insistence on Yalies’ academic curiosity, your peers will trip over one another for a seat in Structure of Networks, a class renowned for its lack of work or attendance requirement.

The smiling hosts you’re staying with are probably stressed with papers, exams, their love life (or lack of one). They may also be dealing with mental health issues: Around half of undergraduates will seek support at Yale Mental Health and Counseling throughout their four years, with many more seeking the help of unofficial resources, but you won’t see those figures quoted in any admissions materials.

The free pizza and ice cream will also disappear.

This is all a really long-winded way of saying: We are, all of us, putting on a gigantic performance.

It’d be unfair to pretend other universities aren’t doing this as well, but, as 85 percent of last year’s attendees said, none of them are quite as successful as Bulldog Days.

Unfortunately, by only experiencing “the best Yale has to offer,” you are being set up for failure.

Between outreach efforts, the tour guide program and Bulldog Days, the Admissions Office has painted

a picture of the Perfect Yale Student, a super-being passionate about their major and obsessed with their a cappella group who writes for a magazine in between Dramat productions. They are attractive, happy and head over heels in love with Yale.

This is a standard perpetuated each year by Bulldog Days to which you will naturally compare yourself. When you don’t find yourself matching up, you’ll feel like you don’t belong. Even President Salovey’s email assumes all of us see Yale as the best place to be an undergraduate; to believe otherwise is to be an outcast.

I don’t tell you this to discourage you from coming to Yale. If I could rewind four years to my own Bulldog Days, I’d still make the same decision.

But I’d also push my 18-yearold self, as I hope prefrosh do now, to get beyond “the best Yale has to offer” and ask current students the tough questions: How has the campus sexual climate changed after the Title IX investigation?

How far do Yalies venture into the city? How do students deal with stress and mental illness at Yale?

What do you regret?

And most importantly, are you happy here?

NICK DEFIESTA is a senior in Berkeley College and a former city editor for the News. This is his last column for the News. Contact him at nick.defiesta@yale.edu .

G U E ST C O LU M N I ST E R I CA L E H

Wait until two T

his is an attempt on my part to impart jaded wisdom on Yale freshmen. And here it is: If you’re going to drink on the day of Spring Fling, wait until two.

I’m serious.

I know, kegs and eggs is a sacred tradition and breakfast goes better with mimosas. But this isn’t the same as Harvard-Yale. Yes, I got up at seven to tailgate, but I also took a four-hour nap after The Game was over. Spring Fling lasts until 10 p.m. It’s generally thought of as a daytime concert, but the professional acts don’t start until 6 p.m. and the headliner — for the first time ever — doesn’t even come on until 9 p.m.

If you start drinking too early, you will not make it to the main acts. It won’t matter how pumped you were for Chance the Rapper if you missed his set because your 15-minute power nap became two hours long. Weigh your options: Would you really rather drink at 10 a.m. than see live some of the most talented and up-and-coming performers, lyricists and DJs in the music industry today?

Yale spends a lot of money on Spring Fling (not as much as I

TYLER BLACKMON is a sophomore in Jonathan Edwards College.

His columns run on alternate Tuesdays. Contact him at tyler.blackmon@yale.edu .

wish it would, but the News has already let me grace its pages with my thoughts on that topic). It spends it because Spring Fling is a uniquely Yale experience. At few other points in your life will you get to attend a free concert with well-known artists — as well as student bands and DJs — on a college quad with a beer tent, food trucks and (weather permitting) an inflatable slide. It’s a communal concert too, where you get to see everyone from your closest friends to your residential college FroCo to that-kid-you-met-duringorientation-that-you-thoughtwould-be-your-best-friendbut-now-when-you-see-himyou-just-say-let’s-get-a-mealand-hug-awkwardly.

You can drink any day of the week, at any time, in college.

There is no shortage of opportunities for it if that’s how you plan to spend your time at Yale. In fact, there is a day devoted to it and it’s called DKE Tang and it’s the day after Spring Fling. So the opportunity is there.

There are also a number of incredibly talented student bands worth watching on Old Campus.

While most Elis have been to at least one Yale sporting event, far fewer have seen a live show featuring a Yale student band. These events — like shows at 216 Dwight St. and Kelly’s — often fly under the radar. This is arguably the biggest show that Yale student bands will play in their time here, and for Yalies to show up to support them rather than stay in their dorms to shotgun an extra couple beers makes a huge difference to the bands and the campus community.

There are also other opportunities to support your peers on the day of Spring Fling. Andrew Sobotka ’15, the head of the Whaling Crew, and I have lamented how difficult it is to get students away from the ingrained tradition of pregaming at fraternities and to other venues, particularly at athletics games. We both thought one way to effectively do this would be to have half of the buses leave from High St. However, this never gained traction with the administration and so exclusive departure from Payne Whitney Gym continues to be a reality.

Instead of pounding shots in the

Sig Nu basement, groups of students could travel out to the fields, where they would enjoy a highspirited atmosphere, a leisurely tailgate and an opportunity to see their friends in action — friends who already sacrifice drinking in service to Yale and its athletics program.

I and my fellow Spring Fling Committee members have worked all year to present what we hope is one of the best concerts you’ll go to, and one that you’ll remember for years to come. It’s honestly been our pleasure putting together this concert, but it stills pains us to hear about students who waste the day with their head over a toilet.

Thus, my proposition: Sleep in, go to athletics games, write that essay you’ll be too hungover to write later. Then drink. Drink slowly and drink at the beer garden. Watch the student bands, dance to the openers and save your energy for Diplo’s set — you won’t regret it if you just wait ’til two.

ERICA LEH is a junior in Morse College and the Chair of the Spring Fling Committee. Contact her at erica.leh@yale.edu .

G U E ST C O LU M N I ST S P E N C E R B O K AT- L I N D E L L

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COPYRIGHT 2014 — VOL. CXXXVI, NO. 124

L

ast week, a friend told me that he doesn’t care about 51 percent of the popula-

tion.

I was showing him a video on Facebook of a Fox News story on Wikipedia Edit-A-Thons, a phenomenon that encourages volunteer editors to correct gendered or racial bias in Wikipedia articles.

Given that nine out of 10 Wikipedia editors are men, this seemed like a good project to me. Disposing of preconceived notions, eliminating bias, disseminating knowledge — that’s what we’re here for, right?

My friend didn’t seem to think so. He said he “didn’t know or care enough about the issue,” but also didn’t want Wikipedia to be injected with liberal bias.

At first, I was filled with an inarticulate, thought-constipating fury. There were so many things to say. The first thing that popped into my head was the truism that sexism hurts people of all genders. The second was to inform my friend that correcting for white male bias is not the same thing as actively “injecting” a liberal one.

But I realized that I’m not just disappointed in my suitemate.

I’m disappointed that besides one friend who sits next to me, there are only a handful of other men in my 135-person “Women in Modern America” class. I’m disappointed that I’m known as a “big feminist” in my friend group when I know there are so many other people on this campus who deserve that label more than I do. I’m concerned about students who weren’t as lucky as I was to come from an egalitarian high school or who didn’t join an a cappella group that just happened to have a lot of strongminded females.

But mostly I’m troubled that my friend can complete two years of a Yale education and retain so much indifference, and that maybe he isn’t alone. He is part of a larger trend that I’ve noticed on campus, something I can only describe as intellectual tunnel vision.

I get it: You’re taking five and a half credits, you have tech for six hours every night next week and housing drama is making you want to give up and move into the tomb of that society that you didn’t get tapped for. Arcane research papers and problem sets might be all-consuming now,

but eventually we’re going to be out in the real world and dealing with issues that don’t confine themselves to the margins of a notebook. I understand that it’s impossible to learn all there is to learn here, but having expertise in one area of study is only part of our jobs as Yale students. At the very least, we have to be ready to become well-informed citizens when we leave this place. That growth can come from stepping out of your comfort zone to take a class you know is important, but it can also come from engaging in difficult conversations with the 5,000 other brilliant people on this campus.

Feminism is not the only social issue to which we (particularly men) should take off our academic blinders — it’s just one that I’ve noticed. And although we tend to think that students in STEM fields are predisposed to more myopic studies by dint of their course schedules, the humanities also suffer from this pitfall. When I asked my literature professor why only one of the nine novels on the syllabus was written by a woman, he responded with the professorial equivalent of a shrug. Women

make up a large portion of Yale students — you’ve probably met one — and yet we still relegate the female perspective to only one of 82 majors. In doing so, we tell men at Yale that it’s acceptable to ignore how our sex has filtered the lens through which we see society when we should be learning to level the playing field.

So is one answer to intellectual tunnel vision to have more specific distributional requirements?

There’s no easy answer, but that might be something worth considering. All I can say is that a Yale education, at nearly a quarter of a million dollars a pop, does not afford for apathy. It is not enough to expect to become a more informed person just by being here. One of the most important things I’ve learned here is that nothing — not economics, not chemistry, not feminism — exists in a vacuum, and that the countless number of great conversations happening on campus can only be so productive until we all engage in them.

SPENCER BOKAT-LINDELL is a sophomore in Morse College.

Contact him at spencer.bokat-lindell@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 22, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 3

NEWS

“As for me, prizes are nothing. My prize is my work.” KATHARINE HEPBURN AMERICAN ACTRESS

CORRECTIONS MONDAY, APRIL 21

Students take $25,000 prize

The article “Panel questions Peabody ownership” incorrectly stated that Ashley Dalton ’15 argued for repatriation of sacred objects with the implication that no formal request needed to be filed. In fact, other speakers at the panel urged for more active communication between the Peabody and native tribes along with proactive obtainment of formal written requests in accordance with the guidelines of NAGPRA. The opinion article “Focus on small clubs” incorrectly identified the club that has hosted a “Pizza and West Wing”

UCS launches employer database

BY RISHABH BHANDARI STAFF REPORTER For students who are choosing between summer opportunities, Undergraduate Career Services has launched an online summer employment evaluation database that will remain open even after this year’s job-hunting season subsides.

Launched last week, the database is password protected and hosted by Symplicity — the online communication system between employers and students that replaced eRecruiting last summer. University administrators interviewed said it will serve as a portal where students can evaluate their prior summer experiences and search for reviewed internships or other opportunities.

“This database will be an opportunity for students to leverage the amazing experiences and insights of their classmates,” said UCS director Jeanine Dames. She added that students will be asked annually in the fall to evaluate their summer experiences even if these pursuits were not sponsored or available under UCS’s auspices.

While filling out the survey, students will also have the opportunity to provide their contact details so their peers can contact them directly if they have more questions. Dames said it is important for students to be candid in their evaluations, adding that she hopes this will be a resource students can turn to when they are choosing between two or more different opportunities.

This database will be an opportunity for students to leverage…the insights of their classmates.

JEANINE DAMES Director, Undergraduate Career Services Kenneth Koopmans, director of employment programs and deputy director of UCS, said reviews are helpful bec ause internships that might appeal to one student may not be enjoyable or beneficial for another.

Even within the same industry, there are so many different types of internships, he said, adding that the survey asks students to discuss the culture of their office and the level of autonomy that they were afforded in their jobs.

“Sometimes the job description is vague or you might end up doing something other than what it says online,” Koopmans said.

This database will be a way for students to envision the structure and daily routine of the internship, he added. The University wants to guarantee that every student’s internship will be a quality experience, he said, and no one can better testify to that experience than someone who has already gone through the process.

Some students — especially underclassmen — might benefit from having a regimented internship with lots of supervision, Dames said. But for other students, it might be optimal to be given the flexibility to set their own hours or projects with only light levels of guidance, she added.

Koopmans said the survey specifically asks students the type of projects they worked on as interns, the level of contact they had with their supervisors and what type of feedback they received throughout the summer.

Since hiring an IT specialist in the summer, Dames said

the office has focused on harnessing the power of technology to improve the career services available to Yale students.

Koopmans said this particular project has been an initiative that the University has worked on for eight months in conjunction with Symplicity.

“We actually had to build this into Symplicity in conjunction with the software designers,” he said. This was something that would not have been technologically feasible with the old eRecruiting system, he said.

Jane Edwards, dean of international and professional experience and Yale College senior associate dean, told the News in February that one of her aims as director of the center for international and professional experiences at Yale was to utilize technology to streamline services and make the center more efficient.

Dames said another priority of her tenure as director of UCS has been to unify the broader University community. She said she hopes to create a site similar to LinkedIn that will integrate the alumni and job databases of Yale College with those of the other graduate and professional schools.

Still, both Dames and Koopmans said the employer database will be accessible only to current undergraduates, in order to promote honest evaluations.

“The reason we can’t let alumni have access to these surveys is they could also be the employers being evaluated,” Koopmans said. “We don’t want students to feel as if supervisors will read this so they should just mention the positives of their experience.”

Although all students interviewed were appreciative of the new initiative, seven of the nine students either did not know about the database or had not yet used its services.

Kelly Wu ’16 said the database will be a useful resource, but only if students fill out the survey each year and thoroughly answer the questions. Emma Simon ’16 said she looked at the database but was disappointed by the lack of thorough answers. She added that more students with a diverse range of internship experiences will need to fill out the survey for it to become more helpful.

Shenil Dodhia ’14 said he wishes this service had been available last year when he was deciding between conducting research in New Haven or working for a local start-up. He added that if another Yale student had given positive reviews about the start-up before, he likely would have worked for the start-up fulltime “I just wasn’t willing to commit my junior summer to something that was unknown,” he said, adding that he ended up doing the start-up job part-time.

Jay Kim ’14 said she wishes the survey would ask more personal questions about the respondent’s academic background and career aspirations. She added that an internship that was wellreviewed by one student might not be a good fit for another student if they had different areas of academic and professional interest. Still, she said this database is a useful tool because it will give students exposure to internships and companies that do not have affiliations with UCS. Koopmans said he thinks more students will give their own feedback and complete the surveys as they begin to use the database for their own job hunts.

There are 1,160 internships and other opportunities with summer evaluations on Symplicity.

Contact RISHABH BHANDARI at rishabh.bhandari@yale.edu .

SEYLA AZOZ

The three Yale graduate students who founded FluidScreen attribute their venture’s success in the Sabin Sustainable Venture Prize competition to their diverse academic backgrounds.

BY VIVIAN WANG STAFF REPORTER FluidScreen, a venture started by three Yale graduate students in 2013, has won $25,000 in this year’s Sabin Sustainable Venture Prize competition.

FluidScreen seeks to distribute biotechnology that can detect bacteria in liquids within a period of 30 minutes. It grew out of the electrical engineering doctoral thesis of Monika Weber GRD ’15, who is the chief executive officer of the company. Weber invented a chipsize device that can detect contaminants in liquids, such as blood or water, much faster than any existing technology, she said, adding that current devices can take up to 24 hours to produce the same results.

FluidScreen claimed the Sabin Prize last Wednesday.

The prize — which is administered by the Center for Business and the Environment at Yale and funded by the Andrew Sabin Family Foundation — is awarded in an annual competition to a team of Yale faculty or students with the business idea

that has the potential to create the most environmental and economic returns.

Sixteen teams submitted applications for this year’s Sabin Prize and four finalists presented their business pitches to a panel of five judges, who selected the final winner.

The winning group’s success can be attributed to the interdisciplinary nature of the team members and the size of the technology’s potential market, said Stuart DeCew, CBEY program director.

The idea of turning the FluidScreen technology into a business began to materialize last October, when Weber took a School of Management class on entrepreneurial business planning with Seyla Azoz GRD ’15 and Anthony Lynn SOM ’14, who study chemical engineering and business management, respectively.

Azoz is now FluidScreen’s vice president of finance and operations, and Lynn is vice president of marketing and business development. All three team members interviewed said the diversity of their team likely contributed

to their success at the competition.

“To start with, we are two ladies from engineering, which is always very impressive. In the competitors, we saw many male-dominant groups,” Azoz said. “We also have a very strong business team, and we are trying to bridge the gap between the business and technology side. I feel like we can address all the specific points in a business model.”

The technology of the venture itself is unique as well, Azoz said, because it is able to efficiently address the widespread problem of water contamination.

She said her research on bacteria mapping has shown that there is not a single area of the world that has not had a significant bacterial outbreak in the last four years.

“Our goals are pretty much to take over the world,” she said. “We see huge potential for our business in health care, and [in helping] anyone have a better life. This technology can affect food, beverages, the water we swim in.”

FluidScreen is entering two

more entrepreneurial competitions this week in an effort to build up the organization’s seed funds, Lynn said. He added that the winnings will go toward research, production and marketing costs, such as building prototypes to distribute to customers.

The company is also beginning to contact potential customers, Lynn said, especially labs that work with water purification. Those labs affect industries ranging from utilities to pharmaceuticals to public beaches and swimming pools, he said.

“In the long term, I’d like to see this very flexible and affordable technology being applied to make an impact in developing countries where about four billion people have very restricted access to medical diagnostics, and many health problems are related to bacterial diseases,” Weber said.

“I hope that this technology will help save human lives.”

The Sabin Prize was established in 2009.

Contact VIVIAN WANG at vivian.y.wang@yale.edu .

PopShop market returns

BY J.R. REED STAFF REPORTER In the latest boost to the local economy, PopShop Market will return to the Elm City this Sunday after making its debut last year.

PopShop Market, a European-style open-air pop-up market in the Fairfield and New Haven counties, started last June as an independent project

spearheaded by three friends.

Kelly Scinto, Andrea Espach and Ashley Kane, three professionals with careers in areas ranging from graphic design to event planning, hosted a total of four PopShops in southern Connecticut last year, including one on the triangular island between Broadway and Elm Street in New Haven. The markets featured clothing and food vendors, furniture and artwork.

BRIANNA LOO/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

Last year, PopShop Market set up shop between Broadway and Elm Streets.

Scinto said they started the project to provide a free event where local residents with diverse interests could spend time on the weekends.

“We always search for cool things to do on the weekends,” Scinto said. “We think that hosting the event on Broadway in New Haven works great because of the central location and traffic on both sides of the island.”

This year, the PopShop will feature a BarCar offering spring inspired cocktails and craft beers from a local Connecticut brewery. The event will also feature several Food trucks including LobsterCraft, Mo Green Juice and Bodega Taco Bar Truck.

While Scinto said that none of the shops along the Broadway Shopping District will be directly participating in the event, she said that last year those stores set up tables outside of their establishments to attract more customers during the PopShop.

“We definitely don’t want to compete with the surrounding stores,” Scinto said. “We are trying to increase foot traffic to the area.”

The event will also feature live music courtesy of local Connecticut song artist Elle Sera, a singer and songwriter who combines soul, rock, blues and folk influences.

The event took place only once in the Elm City last year, and four out of six employees interviewed at establishments

along the Broadway Shopping District said that they had not heard of it at the time.

Denali Store Manager Chris Sciarappa said that, though the PopShop only operated for one day last year, it was nevertheless a “pretty big deal when it did.”

Scinto said 2,000 visitors attended the New Haven market event last year, some even arriving from other areas of Connecticut and New York City. She and her two co-planners hope to host four PopShop markets in total this year, with two taking place in New Haven. The second is scheduled to take place in August.

Scinto believes that the event will appeal to Yale students because of the high volume of food vendors — which will see an increase in number from last year — and clothing merchants that cater to young shoppers.

Renita Heng ’16 said that she would be interested in attending the event because of the food trucks and potential cool clothing items. She said she thinks the performer could also draw more Yalies.

“It’s an extra spice to the Broadway Street that I’d like to check out,” Heng said. She added that she would enjoy attending these types of events more regularly, about once every couple months.

The PopShop Market will operate from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.

Contact J.R. REED at jonathan.t.reed@yale.edu .

PAGE 4

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 22, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT Coding camp in second year YEI BOOTCAMP FROM PAGE 1 Program Director Alena Gribskov. “We have a mission to help students start and grow new business ventures so they can build the companies they want to build.”

Within the program, students attend classroom lectures and apply their new skills to launching two projects in small groups. According to Gribskov, some of last year’s students have continued to build their businesses into the academic school year.

The 30 participants were selected from 127 applications and 66 finalists. In order to be accepted to the program, finalists were given a week to launch a project based on les-

sons learned in a three-hour workshop where they were taught basic programming and markup languages such as HTML, CSS and Javascript.

“We were looking for the desire to build compelling projects and for people that have a desire to make them real in the future,” Gribskov said.

For his application, Zach Young ’17 built a program that allows users to buy organic food directly from local suppliers. David Liu ’17 chose to create a crowd funding site for artists. Both Liu and Young will participate in this summer’s program.

Liu said he probably would not have applied for the program if it only emphasized

computer programming.

“The business side is actually critical for me,” Liu said.

“There are lots of programs where you can learn coding.”

The program sponsors field trips around New England to expose students to other tech startups and companies, including a trip to Google’s New York office. Speakers will also come to campus to share their perspectives on the intersection of entrepreneurship and programming.

Aaron Gertler ’15, who attended last year’s program, said building something from start to finish was the most satisfying part of the program. Gertler said computer programming instruction during the academic term is

“not especially practical,” and that the summer program taught him the skills necessary to create a professional product.

“In Computer Science 201, you’re not going to learn to make a website or work on practical databases,” Gertler said. “They tend to focus on building structure from the ground up rather than using existing tools or frameworks.”

While in the program, Gertler created an online journaling app meant to encourage people to contemplate and write about their lives.

YEI was founded in 2007.

“I’m a Christian by choice.”

BARACK OBAMA PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES

Killer of 17-yearold found

Contact RACHEL SIEGEL at rachel.siegel@yale.edu .

NHPD

Jeffrey Covington is suspected of having been responsible for New Haven’s fifth homicide of the year.

ARREST FROM PAGE 1

YALE ENTREPRENEURIAL INSTITUTE

The YEI and Student Tech Collaborative will host 30 Yale students this summer in a 10-week program in computer programming.

Christian center to cut ribbon MINISTRY FROM PAGE 1 “As we are growing, we need a reliable space where we can meet and host events,” said Josh Ginsborg ’16, president of Yale Faith and Action, the official undergraduate chapter of Christian Union.

“It will be a gathering point where we can come together for Bible study or hang out at night.”

Ginsborg said the ministry center will be a place where students can congregate and work on projects. He said he is particularly excited to have access to the center’s kitchen, since the organization often distributes baked goods to students through its “campus kindness” initiatives.

The event will also serve as an opportunity to recognize the Pennington’s life, Matthews said. Pennington, the first African-American to take classes at Yale, became a prominent figure in the New York abolitionist move-

ment. His character embodies the type of faith and leadership Christian Union hopes to promote on campus, Matthews said.

Matthews said funds for the project were raised through private donations to Christian Union, noting that a large portion came from Yale alumni or donors affiliated with the University.

Matthews also noted that the center plans to expand the first floor of the building — which is currently being leased to a tenant — into a reception space for all Christian groups on campus. The exact date of the lease’s expiration is in the process of being settled, he added.

“I am very much looking forward for it to be set up since it will be a good place for students to get away from campus for a bit,” said Emily Poirier ’15, former Yale Faith and Action vice president. “It is rare at Yale to interact with professors who aren’t grading

you, but now you can go there and spend an hour talking and drinking coffee.”

The proximity of the building to campus is ideal since it is closer to most students than the Student Financial Services or Undergraduate Career Services buildings, Poirier added.

Matthews said Christian Union had rented office space at 59 Elm St before moving to the new location on Whitney Avenue.

“The new center joins a remarkable variety of offcampus and on-campus religious facilities for Yale students, such as the new Chabad Center,” Pastor of the University Church and Senior Associate Chaplain Ian Buckner Oliver said in an email.

Oliver noted that Christian Union has no formal ties to the Chaplain’s Office and is not a member of Yale Religious Ministries. Still, he said, the Chaplain’s Office has regular contact with Christian

Union through students who are involved in Yale Faith and Action.

Though the ribbon-cutting will occur at the same time as Spring Fling on Old Campus, Ginsborg said he hopes many students will attend. He plans to offer a public testimony expressing the ways in which his Christian faith has influenced his Yale experience.

“It will be a really exciting day, and God has really blessed us in allowing to have this space,” Poirier said.

The building’s history spans many centuries: It was built in the 1850s on Elm Street, before being moved on rails in the 1970s to its current Whitney Avenue location, Matthews said.

Yale’s will be the fourth ministry center operated by Christian Union, which also runs centers at Brown, Cornell and Princeton.

Contact LARRY MILSTEIN at larry.milstein@yale.edu .

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Investigators have charged Covington with first-degree murder, first-degree assault, criminal use of a firearm, criminal possession of a firearm and carrying a pistol without a permit. He is being held under a $2 million bond.

Esserman and various NHPD officers in attendance were joined by six of Washington’s family members. Before the conference, they met privately with the chief in his office.

Esserman continued to emphasize the importance of solidarity for the city, even in the face of this month’s tragedies.

“We wear New Haven’s beloved name on our badge,” Esserman said. “We take our oath to New Haven, we serve New Haven.”

Asst. Chief Achilles Generoso said he was grateful for the opportunity to help bring justice to the family through this arrest.

He also named Detective Chris Perrone and Detective Sergeant Robert Lawlor Jr. as two of the main officers involved in the investigation and congratulated them on the successful arrest.

Allegations by members of the community that both Washington brothers were involved in local gangs are still uncon-

firmed, Generoso added.

“I want to make it clear: the New Haven Police Department has not verified or confirmed that either of the young men that were shot were gang members,” he said.

Both Generoso and Esserman emphasized the contributions of those in the community and other police departments to the investigation. The arrest warrant affidavit filed by Perrone indicates that police also used information from social media sites such as Facebook to identify Covington as the killer.

Barbara Fair, the cousin of Taijhon Washington’s mother spoke on behalf of the family. She was insistent that neither Washington brother was in a gang, and called upon authorities to find ways to take guns off the streets.

“I’m relieved by this arrest, but it doesn’t close the hole in my cousin’s heart, not at all,” Fair said. “The chief has promised that we will get to the root of where all these guns are coming from.”

The Lilac St.-Butler St. intersection is located in front of Lincoln-Bassett School, a K-8 New Haven Public School.

Contact MAREK RAMILO at marek.ramilo@yale.edu .

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 22, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 5

NEWS

“I don’t want to look like Connecticut, no offense, I don’t want to look like Oklahoma, I don’t want to look like California.”

RICK PERRY GOVERNOR OF TEXAS

Senate passes end-of-life planning bill

BY ABIGAIL BESSLER STAFF REPORTER The Connecticut Senate passed a bill on Thursday that, with House approval, would create a system for terminally ill people to declare their wishes for end-oflife care.

The Medical Orders for Lifesustaining Treatment (MOLST) bill, which passed the Senate with a unanimous vote, would create a two year pilot program in two different locations in the state for people with terminal illnesses to discuss with healthcare providers how much treatment they want, from limited care to life-support treatment. Resulting signed documents would be sent in a medical order to care providers, a move supporters said would clarify treatment plans for patients and doctors.

The bill is one of two pieces of legislation dealing with end-oflife care this year, the other being a controversial Aid-in-Dying

bill that would allow terminally ill patients to get prescriptions for life-ending medication. The bill, called “assisted suicide” by opponents, did not get through the public health committee for the second year in a row.

Representative Phil Miller, who is the vice-chair of the Public Health Committee and has supported aid-in-dying legislation in the past, expressed his support for the MOLST bill. The bill has also received public support from Governor Dannel Malloy.

“There’s a lot of people who are open to this course of action,” Miller said. “But there’s also a lot of people who are against it, and they’re very vehement. There’s concern that the right-to-die may sometime become an obligation to die.”

A bill similar to the MOLST bill failed in committee last year after push-back from disabilities and anti-assisted suicide advocacy groups like Second Thoughts Connecticut, which argued that

there were not enough protections to make sure doctors were not trying to influence patients to choose less costly care.

But this year, members from Second Thoughts CT were included in the bill’s drafting process, resulting in what Miller called “good safeguards.”

“This year there are some very important fixes,” said Cathy Ludlum, a member of Second Thoughts CT who had input into the bill. “There are a number of protections and the whole structure is set up to support autonomy and individualized choice.

That’s why we are supporting it this year.”

Safeguards in the bill include requiring the patient’s signature on the medical order, providing information to patients in a language they understand, and requiring training for medical practitioners in talking about end-of-life care, said Ludlum.

Ludlum said she will still be watching for data from indepen-

dent studies if the bill is passed to see whether the safeguards prove effective.

“It’s only a pilot,” she said. “We have to see how it works.”

Connecticut already has systems in place for terminally ill patients, according to Jay Patel MED ’16, a medical school student who founded a student-run group advocating for end of life care and aid-in-dying legislation.

Patel, who supports the bill that passed the Senate, said Connecticut’s hospice care system includes forms for living wills and “Do Not Resuscitate” (DNR) orders.

However, patients’ requests can be vague and are not currently “medical orders,” meaning family members can request that they be disregarded. He said that when patients have not officially declared end-of-life wishes, hospitals run into large problems.

He cited a legal dispute over prolonged life support in Florida, the case of a terminally ill patient

Terri Schiavo, who was kept on life support for nearly fifteen years despite her husband advocating that she be removed from support. “[The bill] is a great way to encourage decisions to have a written record while discouraging the kind of thing that happened in the Terri Schiavo case where people were going back and forth,” Patel said. “But is it something that’s groundbreaking? No not really.”

Patel said the bill’s passage in the Senate was a step in the right direction toward passing the Aidin-Dying bill that was tabled this year, and would allow doctors to give patients medication to end their lives.

Tim Appleton, the director of Compassion and Choices in Connecticut, which has advocated for the Aid-in-Dying bill, agreed.

He said the “advance directives” required in the current bill would complement future aid-in-dying legislation, which he expects to

pass in the future.

“Connecticut voters want that bill to be passed, and we will be back next year to do just that,” Appleton said, adding that passing an aid-in-dying bill was inevitable.

A study by Quinnipiac University last month showed that 61 percent of voters supported the Aid-in-Dying bill.

But despite aid-in-dying advocates’ claims that the MOLST bill will create momentum to pass aid-in-dying legislation, Ludlum disagreed.

“We feel that if [the MOLST bill] goes through it will actually reduce some of the clamor for assisted suicide,” Ludlum said. “If the issue at hand is that people need more choice, this will give people a lot more choice.”

Oregon was the first state to create an end-of-life medical orders system, in 1991.

Contact ABIGAIL BESSLER at abigail.bessler@yale.edu .

Connecticut unemployment rate steady

BY ISABELLE TAFT STAFF REPORTER Data released Monday by the Department of Labor showed New Haven’s unemployment rate in March was 7.6 percent — higher than both the state and national rates.

New Haven added about 1,000 people to payrolls between February and March, but the size of the labor force and the number of unemployed people increased as well, leaving the percentage of unemployed the same as February’s 7.4 percent. A separate report released by the Department of Labor last Thursday stated that the state’s unemployment rate did not change from February’s seven percent, though Connecticut added 4,900 jobs in March.

Patrick Flaherty, an economist at the Department of Labor, said the increase in jobs is significant nonetheless, especially after weather conditions in January brought economic activity to a halt and caused the state to lose over 10,000 jobs. The fact that job growth continued in February and March despite continued

wintry weather was encouraging, he added.

“We’re pretty confident that we’re back on track with a sustainable rate of growth,” Flaherty said.

Nearly half of the jobs in the state were created in the leisure and hospitality sector, with particularly strong increases in hotel and restaurant employment, according to the report. Many jobs in the sector are part-time and low-paying, Flaherty said, spurring concern that the state has yet to recover most high-quality jobs lost to the recession. Employers in the hospitality industry can hire workers relatively quickly to meet demand increases driven by seasonal changes, but adding jobs that pay well is a more long-term challenge, he added.

Steven Lanza, executive editor of The Connecticut Economy, an economics journal published four times a year by the University of Connecticut, said the job increase reflects stronger consumer demand.

“What the growth in the hospitality sector is indicating is that consumers are feeling a little bit

more confident, and they’re willing to engage in a bit more discretionary spending than they have in the past,” Lanza said.

He is optimistic that consumer confidence will continue to rise. He predicted that eventually, more spending by consumers could lead to the creation of well-paying jobs in finance and manufacturing — two industries hit hard by the recession. The DOL report stated that Connecticut lost jobs in the information, financial activities and manufacturing sectors over the last year.

Flaherty said that despite differences between cities’ unemployment rates, most areas in the state are growing at about the same pace. He predicts that the state could add 15,000 jobs over the next year and begin to see significant reductions in the unemployment rate.

With just over six months until Election Day, rival candidates in the gubernatorial race offered competing interpretations of the data. Chris Cooper, a spokesman for Republican candidate Tom Foley, criticized Gov. Dannel Malloy’s record on job creation and

downplayed the significance of the March data.

“It’s a very modest uptick,” Cooper said. “The people who are responsible for creating jobs know that Connecticut has a bad business environment that only got worse under Governor Malloy’s leadership.”

If elected, Foley would lower taxes and reduce regulation to bring jobs to the state, Cooper said.

James Hallinan, a spokesman for Malloy, defended the incumbent’s economic policies and pointed out that the state has recovered many of the 119,000 jobs lost between March 2008 and February 2010.

“Connecticut has added tens of thousands of private sector jobs since Governor Malloy took office,” Hallinan said, adding, “The governor is not satisfied and he knows there’s more work to do.”

Connecticut’s unemployment rate was last under seven percent in January 2009.

Contact ISABELLE TAFT at isabelle.taft@yale.edu .

KEN YANAGISAWA/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Connecticut Governor Dannel Malloy’s record on job creation has come under question leading up to the election.

PAGE 6

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 22, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man’s character, give him power.”

ABRAHAM LINCOLN AMERICAN PRESIDENT

Faculty governance remains point of contention FACULTY GOVERNANCE AND HOW IT’S CHANGING The People in Charge

Recent Developments

President

Provost

Dean of the Graduate School

Dean/director

Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences

Dean/director

GOVERNANCE FROM PAGE 1 As the University grew in size and complexity, it also developed a hierarchical governance structure.

According to English professor Wai Chee Dimock GRD ’82, former University President Arthur Hadley was summarizing a longstanding practice when he said that “in the government of Yale College, the Faculty legislates, the President concurs, and the Corporation ratifies.”

But the past several decades have seen a widening rift between faculty and administrators, and recent conflicts over Yale-NUS, Shared Services, West Campus and budget cuts, coupled with a new administration, have brought issues of faculty governance to the forefront.

Within the next few years, two changes will alter the governance landscape of Yale: the addition of a new dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and a new faculty senate.

Professors interviewed said these concepts are far from original, citing many other universities that have faculty deans and faculty senates.

“The idea is not new, although the possibility that the University might take the idea seriously is new,” said Jerome Pollitt ’57, a professor of classical archeology and the history of art.

Though over three dozen Yale professors and administrators interviewed were split on the success of current governance structures and the potential effectiveness of a new senate and deanship, most agreed on one central idea.

“Nothing can be more important to the intellectual vitality and well-being of Yale than faculty governance,” Dimock said.

A NEED FOR CHANGE

Many faculty members interviewed said it is no coincidence that the addition of a new faculty senate and a new dean of the FAS corresponded with the transition to the University’s 23rd president.

“These changes are happening because every generation brings its own ideas into play,” said history professor Carlos Eire GRD ’79.

University President Peter Salovey agreed, albeit in his own words. A presidential transition stimulates thinking about whether organizational structure of the institution should be examined, Salovey said.

Still, philosophy professor Michael Della Rocca said these changes are “long overdue.”

As the University has become increasingly complex, faculty members said Yale’s administrative structures and mechanisms for faculty input have proven insufficient.

Currently, the University holds monthly Yale College faculty meetings with agendas set by the administration, meetings of the FAS Joint Board of Permanent Officers and occasional townhall-style meetings of the whole Faculty of Arts and Sciences.

These town hall meetings have seen few changes since 1940, despite the “complexity and coordination challenges” that have accompanied the 10-fold growth of the faculty, according to a report compiled by the Faculty Input Committee — an adhoc committee convened last

Dean of Yale College

Dean/director

Spring 2012

Yale-NUS and Shared Services Controversy heats up

Fall 2012

New faculty Forums created; but they were poorly attended

April 13

Faculty Input Committee created to better understand the mechanisms in place for faculty input at other institutions and to consider possible approaches that could be effective here at Yale

November 18, 2013

Faculty Input Committee recommends a new faculty senate

November 19, 2013

Ad Hoc Committee on Decanal Structures is charged it with the task of exploring alternative administrative structures for Yale’s Faculty of Arts and Sciences

December 2013

On Dec. 9, members of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences voted 49–7, with four abstentions, in favor of creating a faculty senate

February 11

Salovey names ad hoc committee for FAS senate planning, charged with preparing a detailed plan for the structure, staffing, and rules of the new senate

February 27, 2014

In an email to faculty and students in Yale College and the Graduate School Thursday afternoon, University President Peter Salovey announced the creation of a new administrative position — dean of the faculty of arts and sciences (FAS)

December 2014

FAS senate planning committee will present its recommendations to an FAS vote

spring to evaluate faculty governance at the University.

In recent years, history and law professor Daniel Kevles said the faculty has found that it does not have a “good vehicle for expressing its views” in opposition to University decisions such as switching to Shared Services — a centralized business service center for a number of administrative tasks like payroll, accounts payable and vendor compliance.

“The financial recession exposed the system of faculty governance as inadequate,” he said.

At the same time, the increasing complexity of the University has loaded additional responsibilities onto the shoulders of the University provost and Yale College dean positions.

“I think there’s a recognition that two of the current administrative positions at Yale are too overwhelming for any human being to undertake,” philosophy professor and Deputy Provost for humanities and initiatives Tamar Gendler said earlier this year.

“And one of those positions will become more overwhelming with the addition of two new residential colleges.”

Salovey said changes in the faculty promotion system, and the Yale College dean’s responsibility over a variety of campus life issues, including Title IX and alcohol regulations, have greatly expanded the responsibilities of the Yale College dean.

Meanwhile, the number of faculty, courses offered, graduate students, research output and budget issues have grown over the past few decades, making the provost’s job more difficult, economics professor Giuseppe Moscarini said.

“I think the volume and entanglement [of these responsibilities] is untenable,” Provost Benjamin Polak said earlier this year.

“I think there has to be some level of change.”

A TURNING POINT?

The lack of an adequate structure for faculty to influence University decision-making became clear in spring 2012, when some professors wanted to mobilize opposition to Yale-NUS — the liberal arts college Yale founded with the National University of Singapore.

Several professors expressed outrage that they had not been adequately consulted by the administration before Yale agreed to the joint venture.

“The Yale-NUS matter was a classic example of ignoring the faculty while making a major overseas commitment in the name of the University, then presenting the faculty with a ‘fait accompli’ and pretending to go through some consultative measures, such as a ‘town meeting,’” Assyriology professor Benjamin Foster GRD ’75 said.

In the midst of faculty dissent over Yale-NUS, professors began discussing ways to change the mechanisms for faculty input at Yale. In response, Salovey and Polak instituted experimental “FAS Forums” in fall 2012 with agendas chosen by a faculty vote. But these forums were poorly attended during the 2012– ’13 academic year, and Salovey appointed a Committee on Faculty Input in April 2013 to examine the issue in more detail.

The proposal to create a faculty

senate emerged from the Faculty Input Committee’s November report, which found that some professors feel Yale’s existing structures for faculty input do not provide appropriate opportunities for faculty to have their voices heard.

“Our research on other institutions revealed that Yale is a considerable outlier in terms of faculty governance,” the committee wrote in its report. “Outside of the research universities we examined, so far as we are aware, elected faculty senates or councils are near universal.”

The committee brought the issue to a vote on Dec. 9. With four abstentions, the FAS voted 49–7 in favor of creating the senate within the next few years.

In February, Salovey appointed a committee to discuss and make recommendations on the senate’s structure and procedures to the FAS no later than December 2014.

Shortly before Yale College Dean Mary Miller and Graduate School Dean Thomas Pollard announced in January that they would be stepping down at the end of this academic year, Salovey commissioned a Committee on Decanal Structures to examine Yale’s administrative infrastructure.

The committee’s report identified several major weaknesses in the current administrative structure, including a lack of dedication to long-term planning, a lack of clear lines of authority, limited opportunities for faculty involvement in leadership, limited independent voices for faculty and the unmanageable scope of the responsibilities allocated to the Yale College dean and University provost positions.

The FAS dean, who Salovey said will be named after Commencement, will take on some of the Yale College dean’s and the provost’s current responsibilities.

With both the senate and the new deanship, Yale is trying to make its governance more responsive to the increasing complexity and scale of the problems facing it and ensure that faculty has a greater voice, said philosophy professor Stephen Darwall ’68.

A LACK OF TRUST

Still, many faculty stressed that the addition of a new FAS dean and a faculty senate are not simply by-products of a new administration leading an increasingly large, complex University.

Rather, the changes need to be evaluated in the context of a growing tide of faculty unhappiness with the University administration over the past few decades.

Under former President Richard Levin, Yale adopted a more top-down, corporate leadership style, English professor Katie Trumpener said.

Foster said members of the administration have urged a market-driven approach, viewing research and teaching as products offered to consumers.

As a result of this mentality, many professors worry that faculty opinions no longer carry weight at Yale.

Art history professor Pollitt said the “executive types” tend to view the faculty as just one more troublesome component of “the staff.”

“As long as faculty members

do not interfere with or impede the business end of the University, they are content to look on the faculty as a group of harmless eccentrics and have little interest in how they govern themselves,” he said.

Many professors agreed, arguing there is a perception among the faculty that the Yale administration has become too powerful and has developed misguided objectives.

While the addition of a faculty senate could help make Yale’s governance more democratic, Latin professor Christina Kraus said “multiplying deans” by adding a faculty deanship could pull Yale in a more autocratic direction.

English professor Leslie Brisman said he “cannot fathom” the reason for adding a FAS dean. The existing Yale College dean position cannot be too overwhelming, he said, adding that Miller completed two books while serving as dean.

“I think Yale has a good administration, which understands pretty well the views of faculty and students,” said English professor David Bromwich ’73 GRD ’77. “But the tendency of all bureaucracy is toward expansion: more monitoring, more evaluation, and a drift toward control and uniformity — a tendency that defeats the ends of a liberal education. You can’t guard too much against it.”

A LOOK BEYOND

Concerns about faculty governance are not unique to Yale, according to professors, faculty and experts interviewed from Harvard, Stanford, the University of California — Berkeley and the University of Chicago.

“I think most institutions have top-down governance, if you mean by that there is strong executive authority in American research institutions,” said Henry Rosovsky, Harvard economics professor and former dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard. But he added, “I think that [with] anything that touches on the academic life of the institution, one needs to get input and opinion from the faculty.”

Shared faculty governance is one of the six characteristics necessary for high-quality universities, which also include academic freedom, merit-based admission, personal interaction, cultural identity and nonprofit status, Rosovsky said.

While faculty generally do not want to have input in every decision their employer makes, they often expect to be consulted on issues of strategic importance, said Joseph Zolner, senior director of the Harvard Institutes for Higher Education.

“With the decision Yale made to move to a faculty senate, Yale was the last Ivy to do that,” Zolner said. “In a sense, Yale is finally catching up to peer institutions in that regard.”

David Palumbo-Liu, the current chair of Stanford’s faculty senate and a professor of comparative literature, said governance at Stanford is more “lateral and cooperative” than top-down. The 55 elected representatives of the faculty senate represent a large part of the University, he said.

While each session of the Stanford senate has built-in time for the president and provost to make announcements and take

questions, only senators can vote, Palumbo-Liu said. Even though the senate has no direct say in anything regarding the finances of the university, the senate must approve all educational and research policies, he added.

University of California, Berkeley’s Academic Senate, founded in 1920, is endowed with a considerable amount of power, professor and Chair of the senate Elizabeth Deakin said, adding that their system of shared governance is “really quite different from Yale.” The senate establishes the conditions of undergraduate admission, approves new courses and advises the administration on most matters.

Deakin added that the relationship between the UC Berkeley faculty and the administration is a partnership. Beyond the research and scholarship done by the faculty, they also bring in one-third of the money that supports the university, Deakin said.

“We’re not the hired help,” she said.

Nevertheless, professors at several of these institutions with faculty senates expressed criticisms.

While Stanford history professor Peter Stansky ’53 said the Stanford administration is fairly transparent, he lamented that there is an excess of administrative positions, which has led to a more corporate university.

Similarly, Robert Bird GRD ’98, a Slavic language professor at the University of Chicago, said governance has been a contentious issue at the school in recent years, especially in the face of what many faculty perceive to be the “imperial” presidency of Robert Zimmer, who oversaw the creation of a Confucius Institute — a language institute sponsored by the People’s Republic of China — without the approval of the faculty senate.

Defining the jurisdiction of faculty senates is always a messy business, said University of Chicago professor Clifford Ando.

“Major American universities have for a long time been drifting or, sometimes, rushing, to topdown management,” said classics professor Victor Bers. “Yale is now the most top-down of the standard comparison group. Still, I’m keeping my fingers crossed.”

NO EASY FIX

Almost 150 years ago, President Theodore Woolsey said in a speech that Yale’s faculty should take it upon themselves to change and improve the University.

“If there are defects in our system, the faculties are, as they ought to be, mainly responsible,” he said.

Still, it remains altogether uncertain how — or if — these changes will shift power dynamics at Yale, professors said.

History professor Beverly Gage ’94 said a faculty senate would create genuine democratic mechanisms in University governance. And because the new FAS dean will likely be a member of the faculty, Gage said she would not view the addition of another administrator as a move towards corporate governance.

But Brisman said the creation of a faculty senate is unlikely to change much, adding that the low attendance levels at current faculty meetings might indicate that few professors would be interested in the new senate.

“I do not have the impression that the majority of faculty at Yale are deeply concerned with this issue [of governance],” Foster said.

Foster said it also remains to be seen whether the body will have effective authority or end up just being a forum for discussion with a purely advisory capacity.

Though English professor Jill Campbell GRD ’88 said the new faculty senate may help faculty members make their voices heard, she said she worries that faculty members will still be shut out of the decision-making process as a result of their lack of access to information.

Political science and philosophy professor Seyla Benhabib GRD ’77 said the relationship of some programs, like the Jackson Institute and Yale-NUS, to the existing procedures of academic appointments and course review were never clarified to the faculty.

Campbell noted several instances in which faculty attempts to gain information and understand University-wide issues were met with resistance from the administration.

When Yale announced that the size of its faculty would not increase in the near future, despite the impending addition of two new residential colleges, for example, Campbell said she requested data on specific areas of faculty growth over the past 10 years. She was denied access to the information because it was “confidential,” she said.

“In the context of an administration so committed to nontransparency — and at times, active obfuscation — my own requests for information seem presumptuous,” Campbell said in an email. “Who am I, in particular, to ask for such information?

No one or nothing, in particular — just a long-time member of the permanent officers of Yale who wants to know what every faculty member should be able to know, in order to formulate informed views of what the University needs for its long-term well-being and of the quite major decisions that are being made by the few in the know.”

Foster also said he does not see how “yet another dean” will improve Yale’s governance.

Still, most professors said they are willing to give these new structures a chance.

Kevles said the new faculty senate in particular is a step in the right direction.

“It might be inefficient, but democracy is inefficient,” he said.

Campbell said she is “hopeful and excited” about the prospect of a faculty senate and believes it has potential to serve as a forum for fuller faculty participation in University decision-making.

Faculty governance should be important to every faculty member at Yale, English professor David Kastan said. Decisions are made every day, and many of them should be made in close consultation with the faculty — and some are arguably matters for the faculty alone to decide, Kastan said.

“This place is filled with some of the most creative and smartest minds that one could find anywhere,” Salovey said. “Why wouldn’t one want to take advantage of that faculty?”

Contact ADRIAN RODRIGUES at adrian.rodrigues@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS 路 TUESDAY, APRIL 22, 2014 路 yaledailynews.com

PAGE 7

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 22, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 8

SPORTS

PEOPLE IN THE NEWS MEB KEFLEZIGHI Yesterday, Keflezighi became the first American to win the Boston Marathon since Greg Meyer did so in 1983. The 38 year old ran a personal best time of 2 hours, 8 minutes, 37 seconds, winning the race by 11 seconds.

Bulldogs fall to Cornell in Ithaca LACROSSE FROM PAGE 12

JOSH RENAUD/THE DARTMOUTH

The women’s lacrosse team will conclude its season this coming Friday at home against Brown.

made the Ivy League honor roll for her performance, scored two straight free position shots to knot the game at two. But Cornell regained its two goal lead in the next four minutes and led 8–6 with 11:36 remaining in the contest.

The Bulldogs attempted to push past Cornell’s lead with 1:47 to go with a goal by midfielder Kerri Fleishhacker ’16, which brought the game within one point of a tie at 8–7. But the Big Red prevailed over the last moments of the contest, and the game ended with the score still at 8–7.

“I think we fought hard until the last whistle,” attacker Nicole Daniggelis ’16 said in an email.

“Unfortunately it didn’t end how we wanted it to. Now we have to get back to work and finish strong with a win against Brown this Friday.”

Cornell kept Bulldog goalkeeper Erin McMullan ’14 on her toes during the contest, but the senior goaltender was able to make an impressive 10 saves. Her strong performance, as well as Magnuson’s three goals, did not go unnoticed and highlighted the high level

of competition. McMullan’s counterpart, Carly Gniewek, also put forth a solid performance, making seven saves on the afternoon.

I’d say we were two evenly matched teams and the game … just didn’t go our way.

LAUREN WACKERLE ’16 Women’s lacrosse team, midfielder Because this Saturday’s action marked its annual Pink Game, the Big Red sported pink uniforms to support breast cancer awareness.

Yale also contributed by wearing pink shoelaces.

Yale also scored 7 goals in last year’s game against Cornell, but the Big Red had a wider margin of victory, winning 13–7.

In the final game of the season, Yale will host Brown at Reese Stadium on Friday at 7 p.m.

Contact CAROLINE HART at caroline.hart@yale.edu .

Elis host first annual meet at Yale TRACK AND FIELD FROM PAGE 12 contest, the Elis knew they would have some tough competition.

“Competing at home was glorious. It was awesome to debut our new throwing circles and runways, and seeing some of the other Ivy League schools there was a good preview of Heps,” Karleh Wilson ’16 said.

The women started the day with Kelsey Lin ’14 taking seventh in the 100-meter dash. Emily Cable ’15 followed with a photo finish in the 200-meter dash, taking third place less than half a second behind Jennifer Meech ’16 of Dartmouth, who took first. Yale’s first win came from Emily Waligurski ’17, who won the 800meter run, with fellow freshman Frances Schmiede taking third.

The 1500-meter run finished in the same fashion, with Shannon McDonnell ’16 taking first and Sarah Barry ’14 taking third.

In the 100-meter hurdles, Mackenzie Mathews ’16 took third and set both a personal and Yale record with a time of 14.43 seconds. Kira Garry ’15 took the last first-place finish for the women with a victory in the 3000-meter steeple-

chase. Her preliminary time of 10:21.01 was over twenty seconds faster than that of the secondplace Northeastern finisher, Lucy Young ’17.

Amanda Snajder ’14 started off the field events with a third-place finish in the high jump. Emily Urciuoli ’14 continued her streak of strong showings in the pole vault with a second-place finish and a height of 3.44 meters. Alisha Jordan ’15 took second in the long jump and Wilson again placed in shot put, taking third. Wilson also took fifth in the hammer throw, but did not compete in discus in this meet.

“I didn’t throw discus last week at all, so I’m excited to refocus on the event and compete in an elite field at Penn Relays,” Wilson added.

The women finished fourth out of eleven schools with a total of 98.33 points. Dartmouth and Brown took first and second, respectively.

The men began with a fourthplace finish by Marc-Andre Alexandre ’17 in the 100-meter dash and a third-place finish by Nnamdi Udeh ’14 in the 200meter dash. After a series of

fourth-place finishes by Chandler Crusan ’17 in the 400-meter dash and Michael Grace ’15 in the 800meter run, Kevin Dooney ’16 took second in the 1500-meter run.

“This was actually my first time competing at our outdoor track, so it was nice to have a chance to do so before we host Heps in three weeks. Competing at home gave us a chance to get fully comfortable with what we’ll need to do going into Heps,” Dooney said.

Yale was shut out of the next few events before the 4x400 meter relay ‘B’ team of Alexander McDonald ’16, Dylan Hurley ’15, Daniel Jones ’14 and Udeh took second. The field events were uneventful, as Yale only had three competitors overall.

The final total for the men was 42 points, which was good for sixth place. Dartmouth took first overall and Brown took third.

Next weekend, the Bulldogs head to the Penn Relays in Philadelphia to face elite competition from schools all around the country. Competition begins April 24.

Contact SYDNEY GLOVER at sydney.glover@yale.edu .

FOLAKE OGUNMOLA/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The men’s and women’s track and field teams will compete at Penn Relays beginning on Thursday.

Tennis squads split against Harvard TENNIS FROM PAGE 12 also pulled out a clutch 4–6, 6–4, 7–6 win in a tough match. Lynch and Sherry Li are proving to be two rising stars for Yale from the class of 2017.

“Our lineup changed a little bit when [Annie Sullivan ’14] had an unfortunate ankle injury the day before we played Dartmouth, but it didn’t matter because everyone went out, played their best and took care of what they needed to,” Lynch said. “Our team has been playing really well recently, especially in high pressure situations with a lot on the line.”

Good fortune continued for the Elis against Harvard, as their 5–2 win vaunted them to a 5–1 Ivy League record. Yale pulled off the upset against a 47th-ranked Harvard squad by starting out its Sunday matchup strong, taking the doubles point on the back of a strong effort from Ree Ree Li ’16 and Madeleine Hamilton ’16, who won their matchup decisively, posting an 8–4 victory.

The Elis’ continued to fight in singles play and were again led

by Hanna Yu, who won another three-set match at the No. 1 spot.

Sullivan returned from injury with an impressive singles win, producing the most dominant performance of the afternoon with a 6–3, 6–1 triumph.

“I’m thrilled with how the team performed this weekend,” Sullivan said. “We played the best tennis we have played all year, and the wins were a result of entire team efforts.”

KAMARIA GREENFIELD/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

The men’s and women’s tennis teams will finish their seasons next weekend against Brown.

The men’s squad could not overcome its Ivy League competition this past weekend, sliding to seventh place in the Ancient Eight. The weekend began with a home loss to Dartmouth, as the Big Green swept the Elis 4–0, taking the double’s point with a comfortable 8–2 win. In singles

play the Elis fell apart. Though three matches went unfinished, the Big Green trounced Yale, winning all three of the completed singles matches in straight sets.

Yale looked to bounce back from a disappointing home performance with a road contest against a favored No. 34 Harvard

team. The Crimson took home the doubles point with 8–3 and 8–5 wins and then trounced the Bulldogs in singles, winning all six in straight sets. Highlights for the Bulldogs were slim given the tough competition, but Tyler Lu ’17 provided a strong showing in defeat at the No. 1 spot as

he pushed his opponent, Dennis Nguyen, ranked 40th in the nation, to 13 games in the first set before succumbing 6–2 in the second. Lu’s match at the No. 1 spot proved to be the longest of the afternoon.

Both Yale teams will take on Brown in their final Ivy League

matches. The women’s team will host the Bears in a contest that is guaranteed to have title implications, while the men’s team will travel to Providence, R.I. for its last contest on Saturday, April 26.

Contact MARC CUGNON at marc.cugnon@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 22, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 9

BULLETIN BOARD

TODAY’S FORECAST

TOMORROW

Patchy fog before 8am. Otherwise, partly sunny, with a high near 64..

THURSDAY

High of 60, low of 34.

High of 60, low of 38.

DOONESBURY BY GARRY TRUDEAU

ON CAMPUS TUESDAY, APRIL 22 4:00 p.m. Yale Student Poets Reading. Ten undergraduate and graduate students have been chosen to read selections from their work. This annual event is part of the Yale Collection of American Literature Reading Series. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library (121 Wall St.).

7:00 p.m. CEAS China Film: “A Touch of Sin.” Yale International Relations Association’s Global Perspectives Society, the Whitney Humanities Center and Film at the Whitney is sponsoring a screening of “A Touch of Sin” (2013), a film by Jia Zhangke.

The screening will be followed by a panel discussion. Whitney Humanities Center (53 Wall St.), Aud.

SCIENCE HILL BY SPENCER KATZ

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 23 12:30 p.m. Gallery Talk: “Five West Coast Artists.” Gallery Director Jock Reynolds earned his M.F.A. degree from UC Davis, where he studied with Manuel Neri and Wayne Thiebaud. Reynolds will discuss the work of these artists and his experiences studying with them. Reynolds will also explore works by Elmer Bischoff, Richard Diebenkorn, and David Park — similarly significant teachers who influenced generations of artists in San Francisco’s Bay Area. Yale University Art Gallery (1111 Chapel St.).

5:30 p.m. “Frontier Gothic: Transcendentalists, Puritans, and Pilgrims in Alaska.” Veteran Alaska journalist Tom Kizzia, author of the bestselling “Pilgrim’s Wilderness,” will be in conversation about the political and economic forces that have collided in Alaska. The talk concludes the Climate and Energy Bookshelf speaker series. Kroon Hall (195 Prospect St.), Burke Aud.

XDCD BY RANDALL MUNROE

THURSDAY, APRIL 24 12:15 p.m. “Solitary Confinement in U.S. Prisons, Jails, and Other Places of Detention.” David C. Fathi, director of the ACLU National Prison Project, will deliver this talk. The ACLU National Prison Project challenges conditions of confinement in detention facilities, and works to end the policies that have given the United States the highest incarceration rate in the world. Sterling Law Buildings (127 Wall St.), Rm. 129.

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4 Guy 5 Govt. security pass 6 Lewd material 7 Henry VIII’s last wife Catherine 8 Breathing trouble during sleep 9 Inner city areas 10 Bagel topping 11 Stock up on 12 Nabisco cookie named for its flavor 13 Rehab program 21 Use an updraft, say 22 “Born Free” lioness 26 Large wedding band 27 Bathtub buildup 28 __-Japanese War 29 1998 animated film with soldiers, workers and a queen 31 Actress Neuwirth 32 In a sneaky way 35 Sleeps lightly 36 Humdinger 37 Mishmash

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 22, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Twitter used to predict future

ANNELISA LEINBACH/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR

BY GEORGE SAUSSY CONTRIBUTING REPORTER For the first time, researchers have used social networks to predict what hashtags will trend more than a week in advance.

With data from thousands of Twitter users, researchers developed a model that analyzes the connections between pairs of individuals and how topics flow through the most connected parts of the network. The work holds promise for predicting global epidemics, said Nicholas Christakis ’84, a professor of sociology at Yale and co-senior

author of the paper.

“Basically what we’ve done is figured out a way to use Twitter to predict the future,” said James Fowler, a professor of medical genetics and political science at the University of California, San Diego and co-senior author of the paper.

The friendship paradox states that a person’s friends, on average, have more friends than the individual. Using Twitter data from 2009, the researchers randomly selected 50,000 users and 50,000 of their followers for the network analysis.

In agreement with the para-

dox, the researchers found that the second group was more well connected to the network, and on average using hashtags nine days before the hashtag went viral among the original 50,000 users.

“It’s mathematically the case that your friends have more friends than you do,” Christakis said. “In fact, your sexual partners have more sexual partners than you do, and if you’re a scientist, your co-authors have more co-authors than you do.

It’s a general property of social networks.”

The result surprised Fowler,

who expected that the Twitter connections would predict trending topics hours in advance — certainly not more than a week beforehand. Fowler said if the study were to be repeated today, the model might produce a shorter prediction time because the Twitter network is more complex.

Andrew Papachristos, a professor of sociology at Yale who was not involved in the study, said that using the Twitter data allowed the researchers to look at connections over time. By comparison, many network studies involve static networks that pre-

vent causal analysis, Papachristos said.

“We’ve studied most of the network we have actual data on,” Papachristos said. “Twitter [is] in real time and there is a massive amount of it.”

Both Fowler and Christakis have previously collaborated on network studies, and the pair said they are looking to shift their studies from descriptive science to application.

The duo plans to apply the Twitter model to disease outbreak. Based on the geographic location of web searches, Google currently compiles data to figure

out the source of disease outbreaks. With a similar network to the Twitter study, Fowler and Christakis plan to ask volunteers and their friends for continual reports on their flu symptoms.

Fowler and Christakis hope to use this data to predict outbreaks before they happen.

“If the most popular person in the group gets the flu, then soon everybody will be getting the flu,” Christakis said.

The study was published on April 9 in the journal PLOS ONE. Contact GEORGE SAUSSY at george.saussy@yale.edu .

Support for weight discrimination laws increases

BY AUDREY LUO CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Public support for legislation protecting Americans against weight discrimination has steadily increased over the past three years, according to a recent study from the Yale Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity.

The study, which is the first ever to look at changing attitudes towards weight discrimination laws, found that support for disability protection rose from 62 percent to 69 percent between 2011 and 2013, and civil rights statutes for overweight individuals rose from 70 percent to 76 percent. Currently, only Michigan and several cities across the United States, including San Francisco, Calif., and Washington, D.C., have laws in place to prohibit weight bias. The broad support for these types of protections suggest that policy-makers should consider expanding these across the country, said Rebecca Puhl, deputy director of the Rudd Center and study co-author.

“This study shows consistent and increasing support for laws against discrimination and that this is an issue that the public is aware of and expressing support for,” Puhl said. “You can’t discriminate against gender or race, and in our study, we see there is a lot of support to add body weight to that list.”

Young Suh, a research associate at the Rudd Center and study lead author, said the media and public health campaigns stigmatize obesity to motivate people to change their eating and exercise habits. According to Suh, while lifestyle and personal choices do play a role, there are other factors contributing to obesity, including high prices of healthy food and easy access to junk food. When the American Medical Association decided in June 2013 to call obesity a disease, the public

became more supportive of legal protections for the obese.

“People think we can change [how we look] if we eat less and lose more,” said Peggy Howell, public relations director of National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance (NAAFA). “That’s not reality. That’s someone’s idealistic thinking.”

Puhl added that the $60 billion diet industry promotes misleading ideas that a person’s body weight is modifiable to extremes, placing widespread blame on individuals for their heavy body weight. The challenge is to shift societal attitudes, Puhl said.

Founded in 1969, NAAFA works to improve the quality of life for overweight people through public education and advocacy through conferences, workshops and campaigns. Historically, weight discrimination bills have trouble reaching public vote because few have been willing to include fighting weight bias on his or her agenda, Howell said.

Studies revealing increasing public support for weight discrimination legislation are “ammunition” for social change, Howell said.

“Governor Chris Christie, a man of large body size, is trashed by media all the time about his body size,” Howell said. “A person’s ability to serve in the office as governor or senator or president should not be based on body size, but rather on their political view and track record. With the current climate of fat hatred, I don’t know what it’ll take to turn things around.”

Jeannette DePatie, a fitness expert and member of the Association for Size Diversity and Health (ASDAH), started a website and blog called “The Fat Chick” to advocate for the acceptance of one’s body size. According to DePatie, American society doles out hundreds of negative messages everyday telling peo-

KEN YANAGISAWA/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Civil rights statutes for overweight individuals rose from 70 to 76 percent from 2011 to 2013, according to a recent study by the Rudd Center. ple they should be dissatisfied with their bodies. The level of vitriol directed at people advocating self-acceptance is intense, she said, adding that the public would not guess how much hate mail and threats body-image

advocates receive.

According to Roberta Friedman, director of public policy at the Rudd Center, people are more systemically discriminated against in the medical system, in education and in employ-

ment opportunities when they are obese.

“Rudd’s mission is doing research that illuminates those problems and proposing changes that can be made in policy to reduce those problems,” she said.

The Rudd Center, which is located on behind Science Hill on Edwards Street, was founded in 2005.

Contact AUDREY LUO at audrey.luo@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 22, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 11

“Smoking kills. If you are killed, you’ve lost a very important part of your life.”

BROOKE SHIELDS AMERICAN ACTRESS AND MODEL

Smoking among mentally ill examined

BY APARNA NATHAN CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Yale researchers are looking to address the issue of smoking addiction by focusing on one important population — the mentally ill.

A recent study at the Yale School of Medicine provides the most accurate estimates to date of the proportion of smokers in the general population and in populations with mental illness.

The finding may provide the data required to tailor anti-smoking campaigns to work effectively on individuals with psychiatric diagnoses, said Philip Smith, postdoctoral fellow in the School of Public Health and study coauthor.

“If we’re going to effect true change in the rates of smoking in the entire population, we need to address the rates of smoking among those with mental illness,” said Sherry McKee, professor of psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine and study coauthor.

Hoping to improve estimates both of the proportion of the population that smokes and the likelihood that a smoker is able to quit; the researchers analyzed data from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a database containing information from over 43,000 individuals, including information about smoking habits and mental health. The researchers identified a variety of mental illnesses among the subjects, including various forms of depression, manias, anxiety disorders, phobias and substance abuse. Smith said a notable feature of this study is that it addresses differences in cessation of smoking between specific psychiatric diagnoses.

Results of the study confirmed that individuals with diagnoses of mental illnesses are more likely to smoke, with 15

percent of non-diagnosed individuals smoking in comparison to 33 percent of individuals who had received a psychiatric diagnosis. Additionally, only 18 percent individuals with mental illnesses were able to quit smoking over the three-year period of the study, while 22 percent of nondiagnosed individuals successfully quit.

Furthermore, results showed that there are differences in rates of smoking cessation between individuals diagnosed with specific mental disorders. Mood and anxiety disorders correlated with lower quit rates, and individuals with mental illnesses with long-term effects, rather than short episodes, also found it more difficult to quit. The lowest rate of cessation was for individuals with dysthymia, a milder but longer-lasting form of depression, of which only 10 percent were able to stop smoking. Agoraphobia, social phobia and multiple diagnoses were also associated with low quit rates.

These results accorded with the researchers’ expectations, Smith said.

Laura Spoerri, a support group leader at the Elm City affiliate of the National Alliance for Mental Illness not involved with the study, said she regularly finds that people with mental illnesses are addicted to smoking.

Current efforts to curb smoking among mentally ill individuals have had limited success, wrote study authors. Enforcing anti-smoking rules in psychiatric hospitals has not succeeded in encourage lasting non-smoking behavior, according to a 2005 study carried out at Flinders University in Australia. Smith said the results of the Yale study can be used to inform smoking cessation efforts. He cited new efforts by his team to more effectively target tobacco control

NAVNEET DOGRA/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR

policies, such as smoking bans and tobacco taxes, toward individuals with mental illnesses.

The results of the study address a very important segment of our population, said Carolyn Mazure, professor of psychiatry and psychology at the

Yale School of Medicine. Smith agreed, and said psychiatrists are usually reluctant to address cigarette smoking among those with mental illness.

Not all parties agree on the significance of this study, as the results are not a new addition to

common knowledge about mental illness and smoking, Spoerri said.

“The scientific proof is nice, but we’ve known about this for years,” Spoerri said. “The anecdotal proof is so strong and we’ve already been discussing it

in groups.”

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 18.1 percent adults smoke cigarettes in the United States.

Contact APARNA NATHAN at aparna.nathan@yale.edu .

Obesity “disease” discourages prevention, Katz argues

BY ELIZABETH HIMWICH CONTRIBUTING REPORTER David L. Katz SPH ’93 is founding director of the Yale Prevention Research Center at the Yale University School of Medicine and editor-in-chief of the journal Childhood Obesity. In response to the American Medical Association’s June 2013 decision to officially recognize obesity as a disease, Katz published a piece in the April 17 edition of Nature entitled “Obesity is not a disease.” The News sat down with Katz to discuss his argument that classifying obesity as a “disease” could negatively impact efforts for its prevention. you describe the way that QCan obesity is different from a disease?

A

I often compare obesity to drowning. Would we consider it a disease if a person were drowning? When someone is drowning, it’s not a problem with their body: Humans cannot be in the water for an arbitrary amount of time, so the problem is a mismatch between the body and the body’s environment.

I think drowning and obesity share many important characteristics. Both are about an interaction between a perfectly healthy body and the challenge of an environment in which they are maladapted. In both cases, you’re exposed to something that’s initially a good thing, but you’re exposed to too much of it for too long. In the case of water, you need it, but too much of it for too long and you drown. In the case of food, if you eat too much of it for too long, then you get fat.

In both cases, absolutely everybody is vulnerable, but people are vulnerable to varying degrees. If we’re put underwater, eventually all of us will drown, but some of us are able to hold our breath longer than others. I think that’s true about obesity: About 80 percent of the adult population of the United States is either overweight or obese. That indicates that essentially, we’re all vulnerable, but we’re not all vulnerable to the same degree.

Q

Using your comparison of drowning and obesity, can

ALLIE KRAUSE/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

David L. Katz of the Yale Prevention Research Center likens obesity to drowning, since both scenarios feature a healthy body struggling in an environment for which it is maladapted, and stresses the importance of prevention in the fight against obesity. you elaborate on your argument that obesity prevention should be emphasized?

A

We don’t ignore the things that cause people to drown and just wait for them to show up in the emergency room. The focus is on preventing drowning in the first place — lifeguards, swimming lessons, fences around the pool — there is a whole array of strategies that recognizes the fact of drowning. Potentially, the interaction between people and water can turn deadly, and so we need to address the places where that interaction takes place in order to protect people there.

The corresponding places with regards to obesity would be supermarkets and restaurants, schools, work sites — basically all the places where people spend their time and make decisions about food and physical

activity. We could do that — we could say that we need the food and exercise equivalents of lifeguards and swimming lessons — and we should. If we did, obesity rates would plummet. I really worry that in the effort to make obesity medically legitimate, we will become overly preoccupied with the medical approach and if we do that, we’ll be diverting resources from prevention and from other diseases and become totally focused on inventing the next “wonder drug.” you expand on the idea QCan of an obesity “wonder drug,” and more broadly, existing medical treatments for obesity?

A

I don’t think we’re ever going to come up with a wonder drug to fix obesity. Imagine trying to come up with a drug to prevent people from drowning — how completely radically that

would have to alter human physiology. If you take a pill that’s going to allow you to stay underwater for an hour and not drown, that’s going to basically need to be a pill that turns you into a fish.

Anything that doesn’t go that far is going to fail, and anything that does do that is pretty horrible to think about — it’s basically turning a human being into something other than a human being.

A pill to fix obesity is much the same: We probably aren’t getting fat because there’s some element of our physiology that has run amok. We’re probably getting fat because of numerous, intricate, overlapping metabolic checks against starvation. Everything that humans eat is to defend against starvation, because that has been a threat throughout all of human history.

When we create a drug, one of two things happen. Either the drug doesn’t work very well

because there are compensatory mechanisms built into our physiology so that if you tweak one hormone level, other hormone levels fluctuate to compensate, or you quickly encounter an array of unintended consequences. possible for us to QIsfocusit still on prevention if obesity doesn’t lose the disease label?

A

I think there’s hope. After all, Nature is one of the preeminent medical journals on the planet, and they asked me to write this commentary.

My hope is that we are becoming more focused on the importance of obesity, that we are recognizing the legitimacy of obesity, but that labeling obesity as a “disease” is simply creating an opportunity for dialogue we didn’t have before, and ideally we won’t be committed to obe-

sity as a clinical condition and a disease that needs a drug. I know that some people want that. The drug companies want that. But for the most part, our society can’t afford that. Obesity is rampant not only in adults, but also children. Are we talking about drugs that everyone in the family takes, every day for the rest of their life? Could society possibly deal with the cost of everyone getting pharmacotherapy or bariatric surgery?

I’m a little worried because we do have a tendency in the US to over-medicalize things. We need to think of obesity in terms of its roots in our lifestyle, recognizing the problem naturally and then helping people before they get in trouble, before we try to change the body.

Contact ELIZABETH HIMWICH at elizabeth.himwich@yale.edu .

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CONRAD OBERBECK ’15 MEN’S LACROSSE The junior attackman earned Ivy League Co-Player of the Week honors for his performance against Michigan this past Saturday. Oberbeck, a Greenwich, CT native, scored six goals and added two assists against the Wolverines.

CHRISTINA DOHERTY ’15 & ERIN MAGNUSON ’15 WOMEN’S LACROSSE Doherty, from Bernardsville, NJ, and Magnuson, who hails from Northport, NY, were named to the Ivy League honor roll this week for their performances in last Saturday’s 8–7 loss at Cornell.

EPL Man City 3 West Brom 1

“Competing at home was glorious.”

KARLEH WILSON ’16

TRACK AND FIELD

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, APRIL 22, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

Bulldogs defeated by Big Red WOMEN’S LACROSSE

JOSH RENAUD/THE DARTMOUTH

The women’s lacrosse team fell 8–7 to Cornell in Ithaca on Saturday.

BY CAROLINE HART CONTRIBUTING REPORTER The Yale women’s lacrosse team fell to Cornell this past weekend 8–7, unable to take the victory in a game characterized by narrow leads throughout.

“I’d say we were two evenly matched teams and the game in

the end just didn’t go our way,” midfielder Lauren Wackerle ’16 said in a message.

Both Yale and Cornell suffered from a slow offensive start, but Cornell ultimately scored the first goal. The squad’s lead never exceeded two goals, however, and Yale in fact took the lead three different times in the rest of the

first half.

Yale quickly equalized after the Big Red’s first tally as attacker Jen Devito ’14 claimed the first Eli goal, fed to her by Kelly Anne Sherlock ’16 at 15:24. Soon after, midfielder Erin Magnuson ’16 brought Yale to a 2–1 lead. Less than a minute later, Cornell brought the game to a tie when

Women excel in first home meet

Emily Tripodi scored an unassisted goal at 10:54.

Devito and Tripodi then traded goals to bring the score to 3–3.

Yet Yale was the last to strike in the first half, taking a 4–3 lead into the break after midfielder Cathryn Avallone ’15 scored off of a free position shot with 3:34 remaining in the half.

“We had some great plays throughout the game but we were just were not able to capitalize at the times where we really needed a goal,” defender Maggie Moriarty ’16 said in an email.

Cornell jumped out to a swift start at the beginning of the second half, rattling off three straight goals to take a 6–4 lead

with 21:32 remaining in the game. Two of those tallies came via Cornell’s Chelsea Rowe, who recorded a total of three shots on goal for the game.

Yale responded with two goals to even up the game again. Midfielder Erin Magnuson ’15, who SEE LACROSSE PAGE 8

Women’s tennis wins, men fall

JENNIFER CHEUNG/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER FOLAKE OGUNMOLA/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The women’s track team finished fourth at the Yale Mark Young Invitational this weekend, while the men’s team placed sixth.

BY SYDNEY GLOVER CONTRIBUTING REPORTER For the first time since February, the men’s and women’s track and field teams were able to compete at home, giving them a chance to try out some newly refurbished areas at the Dewitt Cuyler Athletic Complex and prepare for the Ivy League Heptagonal Championships,

which will be held at Yale in three weeks.

TRACK AND FIELD With schools like the University of New Haven, the University of Rhode Island and UMass Lowell, along with several other Ivies in the lineup for the SEE TRACK AND FIELD PAGE 8

STAT OF THE DAY 11

The women’s tennis team topped Harvard 5–2 this weekend, while the men’s team fell to the Crimson 7–0.

BY MARC CUGNON CONTRIBUTING REPORTER This past weekend proved to be one of the most eventful yet for Yale’s tennis squads, as they took on Ivy League rival Dartmouth and bitter nemesis Harvard in an exciting two-contest stretch of tennis action.

TENNIS The women’s team traveled to

Hanover, N.H. on Friday to take on the Big Green, winning 5–2, and then hosted Harvard on Sunday. The critical rivalry match at the CullmanHeyman Tennis Center ended in a 5–2 victory for the Elis. The men’s squad was less fortunate: The Bulldogs dropped their home matchup against Dartmouth 4–0, then were swept 7–0 in Cambridge, Mass. by the Crimson.

The women’s team was sent reeling at the beginning of its contest against Dartmouth, dropping the doubles

point in two straight losses to the Big Green. The Elis, however, came roaring back in singles, with Hanna Yu ’15 leading the charge at the No. 1 spot.

Yu bounced back from a 4–6 first set loss to win her match 4–6, 6–4, 6–3, giving Yale momentum and earning Yu a third straight singles victory. Sherry Li ’17 posted a dominant performance at the four spot, winning 6–3, 6–4. Caroline Lynch ’17 SEE TENNIS PAGE 8

COMBINED NUMBER OF LEAD CHANGES AND TIES IN THE WOMEN’S LACROSSE TEAM’S GAME AGAINST CORNELL ON SATURDAY. Despite neither team taking a lead of more than two goals, the Bulldogs eventually fell 8—7 in Ithaca.