T H E O L D E ST C O L L E G E DA I LY · FO U N D E D 1 8 7 8
NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 2014 · VOL. CXXXVI, NO. 84 · yaledailynews.com
INSIDE THE NEWS MORNING EVENING
SUNNY CLEAR
26 7
CROSS CAMPUS
PLAGIARISM ATTITUDES TO COPYING INNATE
EDUCATION
PAGES 10-11 SCITECH
PAGE 3 CITY
TIGER COUPLE
Harries up for renewal as New Haven schools superintendent
Amy Chua and husband defend controversial new book PAGE 5 NEWS
Fundraising target in sight
A Tri(via)wizard Tournament.
Most Yale students spent their childhoods living in J.K. Rowling’s fantasy world, so expect an intellectual bloodbath at the Annual Harry Potter Trivia Competition, which just opened for team sign-ups last night. Do you know the number of staircases in Hogwarts Castle? How about the password to the prefect’s bathroom on the fifth floor? If not, it’s time to study up again on your Nastily Exhausting Wizarding Trivia.
BY RISHABH BHANDARI AND MATTHEW LLOYDTHOMAS STAFF REPORTERS
something that alumni have generally gotten behind.” Since the Johnson gift, Salovey has kept an intensive fundraising schedule in pursuit of funding Yale’s most ambitious capital project in a generation. The fundraising for the colleges has come in addition to an already significant task: maintaining the relationships former University President Richard Levin, considered a master fundraiser, built with major donors. Salovey’s fundraising efforts
Secretary of State John Kerry ’66 will be the speaker at this year’s Class Day on Sunday, May 18. Class Day Co-chairs Josh Rubin ’14 and Nia Holston ’14 announced that Kerry will be the graduation weekend’s keynote speaker in an email to the senior class Monday evening. In addition to his current role at the helm of the State Department, Kerry previously served for 28 years as a U.S. Senator from Massachusetts and ran unsuccessfully as the Democratic nominee for president against George W. Bush ’68 in 2004. Of 15 members of the senior class interviewed, all were positive Kerry’s selection. “Secretary Kerry was our top choice both because of his long and distinguished career in public serve and also because right now he’s working on some of the toughest issues of the day,” Rubin said. Since April, Rubin and Holston have solicited feedback from members of the senior class and worked with Special Assistant to the Yale President Penelope Laurans to find a speaker. Forty-eight years ago, Kerry delivered the “class oration” — now a defunct tradition — to his own Yale College graduating class. His speech, which criticized U.S. foreign policy and the Vietnam War, made a “lasting and unforgettable impression” on the Yale community, Laurans said. “No one who knows of that speech, or has read excerpts from it, will be able to listen to him this year without the echo of those words ringing in the background,” Laurans said. “Secretary Kerry exemplifies the Yale tradition of service to society. We are hon-
SEE FUNDRAISING PAGE 6
SEE CLASS DAY PAGE 4
The worst holiday. Ordinary
on Chapel St. is hosting AntiValentine’s Day on Friday. Ads for the affair feature angelic cherubs... who have had devil horns drawn on them in Sharpie. Charming. “Protection provided by Planned Parenthood” the flyers read.
Taste of Sochi. Claire’s Corner Copia recently announced that in honor of Team USA at the Winter Olympics, their Russian Fruit Tea will now be named Sochi Pride Tea. The organic, mulled fruit tea, which can be made hot or cold, is made with apple juice, fruit, cinnamon and herbal fruit tea. Just how Putin likes it! Love shack. Project Storefronts is throwing a Valentine’s Day Pop-up Event at 45 Church Street today. Chocolate, candles, and other handmade goods are sure to be in abundance, as well as “nonalcoholic refreshments.”
Kerry ’66 to speak at Class Day
HENRY EHRENBERG/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR
President Salovey is working to raise the remaining $80 million necessary to complete the two new residential colleges. BY MATTHEW LLOYD-THOMAS STAFF REPORTER The University is closing in on its fundraising target for Yale’s two new residential colleges. Yale is about halfway to closing its remaining $80 million funding gap for the new residential colleges after receiving a $250 million gift from Charles Johnson ’54 in October, said University President Peter Salovey. All in all, the University has put the price tag for the donorfunded colleges at $500 million. Work on the colleges, slated to
begin in early 2015, will not start until the goal is met. The University still hopes to complete its fundraising goal by the end of the University’s fiscal year on June 30 — a mark that was first set in October after Johnson’s donation. Salovey said he remains optimistic that the University can meet the self-imposed deadline. “Alumni are incredibly enthusiastic about more Yale students, and so it is great fun to speak with them about the new colleges,” said Yale College Dean Mary Miller. “This long-planned expansion is
Cheap date idea. All this week,
Froyoworld is offering a ‘buy one get one 50% off deal.’ Now you can cheaply pay for your own and exactly half of your date’s!
Spreading it around. Over this past weekend, Broadway shops and restaurants joined together to give $5,000 to a non-profit in a campaign titled “Share the Love.” A master class in drinking.
Though not in possession of a sorting hat, Harvard still has to split its freshmen into houses with a lottery system. Lowell House recently released a trailer advertising their abodes. The video features house masters in a parody of Beyonce’s Drunk in Love.
The talk. At Cornell, the
library’s Human Sexuality Collection will be celebrating its 25th anniversary with an exhibition titled “Speaking of Sex,” which will run Valentine’s Day through National Coming Out Day in October.
THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY
1970 Undergraduates propose locating a day care center at the DKE fraternity and the New Haven Zoning Board is expected to approve the proposal this week. The center will provide for three to five year old children. Hilarity is expected to ensue. Submit tips to Cross Campus
crosscampus@yaledailynews.com
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New college integration considered BY YUVAL BEN-DAVID AND ADRIAN RODRIGUES STAFF REPORTERS In 1958, then-University President A. Whitney Griswold wrote a proposal for two new residential colleges. At the time, Yale’s residential college system was only 25 years old but, as Griswold noted, it was already cramped. When Ezra Stiles and Morse College opened three years later, however, alumni interviewed said the new colleges were not immediately accepted by the Yale community. It took a while for Morse and Stiles
— with their modern, Tuscan-inspired architecture — to become fully integrated into the University. Now, 51 years later, the University is again planning for the addition of two new residential colleges — and an eventual 800 student increase in the size of the Yale College. “The idea of having more Yale College students is just a very appealing idea to everybody,” Provost Benjamin Polak said. “Everyone is excited about the idea — it’s clearly infectious.” In preparation for the opening of the new colleges in 2017,
Polak said a faculty committee will make recommendations on how to integrate students in new colleges into Yale College, both academically and socially. In considering these issues, administrators have the trials and tribulations of the first years of Morse and Stiles to look back on. “The committee that made the 2008 report [on the proposed new colleges] did spend a lot of time looking at how Morse and Stiles had been populated and interviewed people who had been part of that move to Morse and Stiles,” Yale College Dean Mary Miller said.
Miller said the current committee is prioritizing instituting fellowships for the new colleges so that their students will have the same opportunities as students in colleges that have been around since the 1930’s. She added that the committee also wants to find two residential colleges masters who can build strong cultures within the new residential colleges and help create new traditions. In the 1960’s, Morse and Stiles also struggled with developing traditions and culture, but alumni interviewed said the colleges’ architecture presented an additional chal-
lenge. Unlike Morse and Stiles, the two new residential colleges will reflect the gothic style of most of the University. Alumni said the “Stonehenge”-like architecture of Morse and Stiles did not fit with the image of Yale at the time — predominantly white, northeastern and preppy. “We were headed to what we thought was a god-awful looking creation out on the fringes of campus,” said Malcolm Douglas ’65. “But we got over it pretty quickly.” Morse and Stiles were also SEE COLLEGES PAGE 6
A Yale-relevant Ward? BY ISAAC STANLEY-BECKER STAFF REPORTER When the polls open on March 17 in the special election for Ward 7’s next alder, a whole portion of the ward’s population will be out of town: Yale students. The election for the seat vacated in January by newly appointed Transit Chief Doug Hausladen ’04 will take place during Yale’s spring recess. But the difference in turnout may be negligible. When students return to campus, they will have a new representative on the Board of Alders: either Abigail Roth ’90 LAW ’94, special assistant to Yale School of Management Dean Edward Snyder, or Paul
Phillipino, membership development coordinator for the Catholic fraternal service organization Knights of Columbus. Roth said it was Hausladen, a fellow democrat, who first asked her to run. She was endorsed by the ward’s Democratic committee last week. Phillipino is a Republican, running in a ward where Democrats outnumber Republicans nearly 14 to one. The ward comprises downtown as well as portions of Wooster Square, the Medical District, the Hill and Dwight neighborhoods. It is less closely tied with the University than Ward 1, which includes Old Campus and eight of the 12 residential colleges, or even Ward 22, which includes the other
four. Still, the sprawling Ward 7 is home to its fair share of students, primarily in the graduate and professional schools, as well as the College. The roughly 60 students living in Rosenfeld Hall, annex space for Timothy Dwight College, are Ward 7 residents, as are undergraduates living off-campus on the northwest side of High Street or in apartments downtown. Though few of these students are registered to vote in Connecticut, those interviewed said last fall’s election — which saw Yale junior Ella Wood ’15 unsuccessfully challenge Hausladen — put the ward on students’ radars. Wood did not seek the endorsement of the ward committee for this spring’s spe-
cial election. Ward 7 Co-Chair Alberta Witherspoon said Wood did not get back in touch with her after initially expressing an interest in mid-January in running a second time. Wood did not return multiple requests for comment.
This race is a wild card, being a special election for an open seat. PAUL PHILLIPINO Special election candidate Billy Crotty ’16 said interest in the election last fall increased because a student was involved.
Still, he said, very few people actually voted. Even those who voted last fall, including Ben Ackerman ’16 and Maddie Klugman ’15, said they were not aware of the details of the upcoming special election. “[Some students] feel uncomfortable about influencing the results of an election the consequences of which will affect others far more than it will affect them,” Ward 7 resident Nina Russell ’15 said in an email. Klugman said she would feel more involved in municipal politics if she lived in Ward 1, which has traditionally been represented by a current student or recent alumnus. As one of only a handful of undergraduates in SEE WARD 7 PAGE 4
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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 2014 · yaledailynews.com
OPINION
.COMMENT “No community should feel the need to completely assimilate and blend yaledailynews.com/opinion
An apology to Sochi
GUEST COLUMNIST A N JA L I B A L A K R I S H NA
I
Space for pride
’ve been out for three years, but it wasn’t until this weekend that I truly knew what it was like to be proud. It’s not that I was ashamed of being gay — I openly shared the details of my romantic encounters with my straight friends and was happy to chat about cute girls with the guys. It never bothered me that the vast majority of my friends are straight, and in fact, it was something I celebrated. Being gay was just one part of who I am, I reasoned, and did not need to be my whole identity. Sure, I didn’t love being asked if it was possible for a lesbian to really lose her virginity, or if what we did could actually count as sex, but I chalked it up to well-meaning curiosity on the parts of my heterosexual peers.
A QUEER COMMUNITY ALLOWED ME TO BECOME PROUD OF MY SEXUALITY FOR THE FIRST TIME But after spending last summer in San Francisco and befriending a trifecta of gay boys from Brown University (we called ourselves the “brown gays”) — I finally felt what it was like to have a group of close friends who were also gay. And I realized that much of my hesitation to become better integrated into the queer community here at Yale was due to fear. I feared being put into a box by my straight friends. I feared that if I cared too much about queer issues, I would be seen as polarizing or radical. I feared alienating the people closest to me, and I feared having politics that would make my friends uncomfortable. This weekend, though, I saw the power of safe community space in upending my fears. I spent three days at the IvyQ conference at Princeton University, where queer students from across the Ivy League and other schools gathered to mingle with each other and discuss LGBTQ issues within the context of a unified community. At one of the workshops I attended, queer activist Kim Crosby interrogated the famous Golden Rule, which says to
“do unto others as you want done onto you.” But as Crosby pointed out, every person comes from a different set of experiences and expectations, and it is not fair to assume that a person you are interacting with wants the same thing as you do. Instead, she said, live with the rule “do unto others as they want done unto them.” And in order to figure out what people want, you must give them space to understand themselves, and then ask. Crosby’s statement really resonated with me, and with how I understand the idea of privilege. I’ve never been comfortable with some of the language around white privilege or straight privilege, because I don’t think that straight, white males are inherently bad or oppressive. But the truth is, there are some challenges that certain groups of people will never have to face. I don’t think this is anyone’s fault: No one picks the body they are born into. But to really understand what others want “done unto them,” those in positions of privilege must give people the space to grapple with their community struggles. For me, being around so many queer people at IvyQ helped me come to terms with some of the challenges that I, and other members of the LGBTQ community, face as we understand and celebrate our identities. In a world where heterosexual structures are the norm, it was refreshing to be in a space where I was no longer a minority, no longer part of a small community on the sidelines, and no longer had to feel different or afraid of who I am. These spaces don’t need to be in the form of weekendlong conferences. They can be in a classroom in LC with the Queer Peer Liaisons. They can be at a table in the dining hall. They can be in a dorm room. And these spaces are not designed to exclude others; they are designed to include those who don’t feel comfortable elsewhere. I don’t pretend that I can speak for other marginalized groups. I don’t even pretend to speak on behalf of all queer women of color. I can only represent the experience that I have and that I know. But what I can say is that for me, I needed to be in a queer community to take a step back and be proud of who I am, and to articulate that pride to myself and to the people around me, gay or straight. ANJALI BALAKRISHNA is a senior in Jonathan Edwards College. Contact her at anjali.balakrishna@yale.edu .
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into the hegemony." 'BEARVIVANT' ON 'SUCH INCLUSIVITY, MUCH WOW'
ANNELISA LEINBACH/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR
L
ast Friday, I secretly wanted nothing more than the opening ceremony of the 2014 Olympic Games to collapse into a complete and utter disaster. It’s a feeling that, at first, seemed difficult to place. I’ve always avidly followed the Olympics, evidenced by my insatiable appetite for everything from the gold medal hockey game to 3 a.m. curling matches, and I normally enjoy a spectacular showing for the opening ceremony. But the American narrative surrounding Sochi in the weeks prior had tainted my usual Olympic thrill. From the country’s overt persecution of gay citizens to the mass slaughter of stray dogs in preparation for the Games, Russia’s string of abuses have prompted activists from around the world to question the International Olympic Committee’s selection of Sochi as the host of this year’s Winter Games. Joining that sentiment, I too balked at celebrating a country that had so aggressively mistreated its own citizens. So in a key moment of the opening ceremonies, when five points of light were supposed to expand into five prominent Olympic rings as one of the most recognizable symbols of international cooperation, one ring unexpectedly malfunctioned.
The result was a sad configuration of four interwoven rings and one wilted star off in the far right corner. In TYLER this moment BLACKMON meant to serve as a testament to the rebirth Back to of Russia, the Blackmon country had fallen short. And as I watched the spectacle unfold, I couldn’t help but feel an overwhelming sense of satisfaction: Russia had failed; President Vladimir Putin had failed; proponents of a viciously anti-gay society had failed. Looking back, my initial reaction was nothing short of disgusting. In my haste to feel secure in my own moral superiority, I had actively rooted for Russia’s failure on a highly publicized world stage. I delighted in mocking everything from their unorthodox toilets to the Russian Police Choir’s quirky rendition of “Get Lucky,” justifying my behavior with the moral outrage I expressed for the country’s political regime. And judging by the tide of anti-Russian sentiment on social media, I certainly
wasn’t alone. Americans nationwide, it seemed, loved to hate Russia in a way they simply hadn’t for Beijing, Vancouver or London. Even government officials like United States Senators Tammy Baldwin and Susan Collins (a rare bipartisan crew) criticized the IOC for selecting Sochi in the first place. To be sure, there is an appropriate time to criticize certain actions taken by the Russian government. In fact, the human rights violations occurring in Russia under Putin’s watch are both reprehensible and inexcusable. No citizens in any country should have to live in fear of their own government. But in the midst of our sardonic tweets and posts, many Americans crossed a line from criticizing the acts of a government to attacking an entire people. Such a reaction is particularly unfortunate because in focusing so narrowly on the country’s faults, we missed out on the opening ceremony’s rich display of Russian culture and history told through the lens of the Russian people. Russians spent $51 billion in taxpayer money to cut through international politics for one moment and tell the international community a story, and America simply laughed. If we’re not careful, we risk
soiling the spirit of the Olympics in the name of our own political agenda — a tragically shortsighted strategy that forgets how easily the international community could flip the script on the United States in future years. After all, our own government seems to have no qualms about spying on both its own citizens and international leaders or using “enhanced interrogation techniques” in Guantanamo Bay. We should neither forgive nor forget the abuses carried out by the Russian government. But as painful as it may seem, we must put aside our politics for now and take the time to celebrate an ageold athletic tradition, and compete with one another unconditionally. It’s a truly inspiring idea we had all those decades ago — every two years, no matter how much hate we harbor, the international community takes less than three weeks off from the constant deluge of negative news to highlight the best the world has to offer. I almost let myself ruin that tradition, and for that, I apologize. TYLER BLACKMON is a sophomore in Jonathan Edwards College. His columns run on alternate Tuesdays. Contact him at tyler.blackmon@yale.edu .
Thinking regionally M
ayor Toni Harp extensively elaborated on New Haven as a city “poised” in her first State of the City address last week. We’re poised to take advantage of progress in opening youth spaces, poised to make the most of new leadership across city departments, poised to capitalize on momentum in reducing neighborhood violence with ongoing policing initiatives. But one thing the mayor didn’t mention — perhaps because she’s come to realize New Haven is decidedly not poised in this regard — was any effort toward greater regionalization. “Regional-what?” you might ask. That’s a normal reaction. Compared to fighting homelessness, educating children or protesting unfair immigration policies, regionalization is certainly not a sexy issue; I don’t expect to see angry protesters on the steps of City Hall calling on our elected leaders to direct their attention to regionalization. But nevertheless, problems related to regionalization comprise one of the most fundamental challenges to the city’s long-term future. Here’s how it works: Thanks to state law, towns in Connecticut are much smaller than they naturally tend to be, with New Haven sitting at less than a measly 19 square land miles. With the 1960 abolishment of county governments,
each Connecticut city is essentially left to decide for itself how to raise taxes and provide civic services NICK like schools fire DEFIESTA and departments. TheoretCity Limits ically, this might work out just fine, with each town offering whatever level of services its residents are willing to pay for. But reality refuses to cooperate so nicely; instead of towns acting as individual entities, New Haven serves as the central hub for the metropolitan region we call Greater New Haven. Within Greater New Haven — which ranges from Milford to Bethany to Branford — just about everything about civic life is intertwined. Two-thirds of workers in these towns commute to another part of Greater New Haven, kids from New Haven proper attend schools in the suburbs (and vice versa) and residents from all over the region come to shop and dine in the Elm City. Most importantly, New Haven provides the region with a number of important services, such as medical care at Yale-New Haven Hospital. But the presence of facilities like Yale-New
Haven and Yale University, both tax-exempt by state law, robs the city of much-needed revenue: 47 percent of city land is nontaxable, leaving New Haven’s coffers dangerously empty when compared to its suburban counterparts. Confused? Not to worry — the big picture is that New Haven provides a great number of essential services to the region and takes a major ding in its pocketbook as a result. The state has tried to make amends for this disparity throughout the Payment in Lieu of Taxes (PILOT) program, which reimburses cities for 77 percent of lost property taxes on nonprofits and 45 percent of funds lost on state buildings. But legislators in Hartford have failed to fund PILOT to such levels for a decade — and the state has given New Haven less than half the money it promised. This has starved the city and forced it into the realm of perpetual budget deficits. These deficits have forced cities to cut just about everything, from police services to youth programming, and have prevented municipal lawmakers from focusing on the issues they deem most important. A sweeping legislative vision is one thing; actually funding all of legislators’ grandest dreams is another. A fully funded PILOT can help us bridge the gap between the two.
If New Haven is to be truly prosperous in the long run, its legislators must encourage planning and policy on a regional scale. Such a shift would benefit not just New Haven; greater regionalization would help provide every town in Greater New Haven with greater efficiency and higher quality services. PILOT certainly isn’t the only front in the battle for greater regionalization; it’s long been a dream of city policy wonks to see more effective regional transportation planning, and better regional cooperation on matters such as education and police services could only reap additional benefits for Greater New Haven. But getting the state to fund PILOT at the level it’s promised is a crucial first step in this process. With a resolution passed by all 30 alders calling on the state to fully fund PILOT supported by Mayor Harp, there’s little city lawmakers can do now. We can hope that, in a tough election year, Gov. Dannel Malloy will remember that cities are the centers of the state’s economic growth, and that asking them to bear the weight of a region is one burden too many. NICK DEFIESTA is a senior in Berkeley College and a former city editor for the News. His columns run on alternate Tuesdays. Contact him at nick.defiesta@yale.edu .
YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 2014 · yaledailynews.com
PAGE 3
NEWS
“The world is full of hopeful analogies and handsome, dubious eggs, called possibilities.” GEORGE ELIOT ENGLISH NOVELIST
Board moves to reappoint Harries
POOJA SALHOTRA/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER
Superintendent of Schools Garth Harries ’95 received positive evaluations from teachers, parents and the Board of Education alike, influencing the Board’s decision to renew his contract for another three years. BY POOJA SALHOTRA STAFF REPORTER The New Haven Board of Education announced at its Monday meeting that it will enter into negotiations with Superintendent of Schools Garth Harries ’95 to renew his contract for three years. Because of city charter regulations, Harries was limited to a one-year contract when he was appointed as superintendent last July. The Board now faces a March 1 deadline to decide whether it should extend his tenure for another three years. At its meeting in Hill Regional Career High School on Monday evening, the Board released a positive midyear written evaluation of Harries’ performance and signaled its commitment to keeping Harries on board. “[Harries is] a visible, acces-
sible and interactive leader who will champion a vision for transformed student outcomes,” the evaluation stated. The evaluation rates Harries in four different criteria using the same five-point scale that is used to evaluate the district’s teachers and administrators: with 1 at the bottom of the scale, 3 indicating effectiveness and 5 marking excellence. The Board awarded Harries a 4 on the five-point scale in “Collaboration and Engagement” as well as in “Transparency, Access and Equity,” noting his Listening Tour initiative as an effective tool to solicit input from teachers, parents and other community stakeholders. The Board rated Harries a 3, “effective” in the remaining two categories of “Student Impact” and “Vision and Leadership.” Before the Board deliber-
ated about Harries’ contract renewal, members of the public had a chance to voice their opinions about Harries’ performance over the last six months. Parents and teachers lined up behind a podium to declare their support for the new superintendent. “He’s brought a heart to his job,” said NHPS parent and teacher Jessica Light. Light said Harries demonstrated his willingness to hear parents’ concerns during his listening tour last year. Light said that she was particularly moved by a heartfelt email Harries sent to teachers last year after Nelson Mandela died. The email described the characteristics that Nelson embodied and, Light said, renewed her own sense of urgency as a teacher. Another parent referenced Harries’ readiness to help students in areas outside of his job description. On Jan. 13, a stu-
dent was shot at Hillhouse High School, and Harries went to the Yale-New Haven Hospital to be with the victim at his bedside, said NHPS parent Tonya Jackson. “That’s the kind of person who we need on our side,” Jackson said. “Our kids deserve that Superintendent who goes above and beyond to work with our students for their best interest.” Parents, teachers and administrators were urged to submit comments and feedback about Harries by last Friday, and Board member Alex Johnson sifted through them over the weekend to help the board make its own evaluation. During the meeting, the Board also discussed the current state of the 2013-2014 budget deficit. The district began the year with a $9.5 million deficit, which it reduced to $3.5 million as of last November. Currently, the deficit stands
Dinosaur eggs arrive at Peabody
at approximately $2.4 million. Harries said that while this roughly $1 million decrease over the past couple months is noteworthy, the district still has a ways to go before reaching its goal of balancing the budget. Two weeks ago, Mayor Toni Harp threatened to push for a delay in voting on Harries’ reappointment because she was concerned about an alleged $9 million budget deficit. Harries and Harp met and resolved these concerns — the budget was not reflective of the district’s current fiscal state — but Harp continues to emphasize the importance of working towards a balanced budget. At the meeting, she told the Board that it must maintain better oversight of the budget. “We need to know what is going on department by department, school by school, and it’s
ELENA MALLOY/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER
BY STEPHANIE ROGERS STAFF REPORTER This past Saturday, the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History opened its doors to a traveling exhibition of dinosaur eggs. The newest Peabody exhibit, entitled “Tiny Titans: Dinosaur Eggs and Babies,” features over 150 dinosaur eggs, colorful murals, life-like fossil puzzles, hands-on models, videos of world-leading paleontologists, interactive games and live emu eggs. Many of the displays capture the evolutionary connection between dinosaurs and birds, examining the revolution in scientific thought surrounding the behaviors and parenting styles of dinosaurs as compared to their living descendants. The exhibit traces the major discoveries of dinosaur eggs, beginning with the first finding of an egg in the Gobi Desert in 1923. “[That discovery] was the first planting of the seed that these things were more than just big scary monsters,” said Richard Kissel, the director of public programs at the Peabody. “They had a softer side to them as well. It confirmed that they laid eggs like many reptiles do and it gave
us a window into the biology.” The exhibit focuses on the major dinosaur groups that lived during the Mesozoic era and features eggs from prominent classes of dinosaurs from the period, including the meat-eating dinosaurs, the long-necked dinosaurs, the horned dinosaurs and the duck-billed dinosaurs. Kissel said the exhibit highlights characteristics of dinosaurs shared with descendent species of birds, from different types of nesting, egg shapes and sizes to distinct parenting habits. In a Peabody-created video being shown as part of the exhibit, curator of vertebrate paleontology Jacques Gauthier said scientists can still discover dinosaur eggs in the fossil record thanks to their hard shells. Gauthier added that learning about dinosaur behavior from fossil records is challenging, and one way around the difficulty is examining birds as living descendants. At the back of the exhibit, the vibrantly colorful Emu eggs, which are similar to many dinosaur eggs in size, are expected to hatch during the week of March 10. While Emus are expected to grow up to six feet in height, the exhibit can only keep them for a couple of weeks when they
are small, during which time anyone can follow their development via webcam on the Peabody’s website. “It was difficult to get the permits for the emus because Yale is very strict and takes certain precautions when it comes to live animals,” said Laura Friedman, who helped to design the Peabody exhibit. While many exhibits must protect their specimens behind glass, Friedman said the dinosaur exhibit encourages visitors to interact with many of the displays. Children have the opportunity to dig for their own dinosaur eggs, and show off their dinosaur knowledge through a series of questions displayed around the exhibit. Peabody security guard Michael Meehan said he has noted a spike in attendance since the exhibit opened on Saturday. “It’s good to have an exhibit that’s so colorful and kid friendly,” Meehan said. “It makes it so much easier as a guard not having to tell people they can’t touch the displays.” The exhibit is scheduled to run from Feb. 8 to Aug. 30, 2014. Contact STEPHANIE ROGERS at stephanie.rogers@yale.edu .
Contact POOJA SALHOTRA at pooja.salhotra@yale.edu .
Financial literacy program makes impact BY JILLIAN KRAVATZ CONTRIBUTING REPORTER
The new dinosaur egg exhibit at the Peabody has drawn larger crowds than usual over the past few days.
my sense that we don’t,” Harp said. She added that while the city can offer some monetary support for education initiatives, the Board should also more actively seek funds from other avenues, like the federal government and the state. She noted that partners like Yale University can also help. Of particular concern in the education budget was food service, which accounted for roughly 50 percent of last year’s budget deficit. Chief Operating Officer of the New Haven Board of Education Will Clark said the district is currently exceeding its goals of reducing food service expenses by five percent and increasing revenue by three percent. The next Board of Education meeting will be held on Feb. 24.
In 2012, Paulo Costa ’14 landed a summer internship with Goldman Sachs that promised him more money than his parents made in a year. But he turned it down. Instead, Costa began research in Brazil under the University’s Edward A. Bouchet Undergraduate Fellowship, seeking to combine his shared interests of economics and education. Since beginning his initial research two years ago, Costa has created and implemented a financial education program for high school students in his hometown of Rio de Janeiro that has gained international media attention. Now a Yale senior with plans to pursue a Ph.D. in economics, Costa aims to expand his program as it continues to improve financial literacy among Brazilian students and their families. “The program is an experiment,” Costa explained. “One thing that I always knew was that Brazil is always at the bottom of the international ranks when it comes to mathematics. I had a suspicion that math had something to do with the low levels of financial literacy in Brazil.” After convincing the Brazilian Stock Exchange to entrust about $75,000 to a 20-year-old student researcher, Costa conducted a 2,000-person national survey to better understand the financial literacy of Brazil. The results illustrated a strong correlation between lack of math skills and low financial literacy. With the cooperation of Rio de Janeiro’s Secretary of Education, Costa designed a class curriculum and authored a 157-page textbook to review basic math concepts with financial applications. By learning multiplication, division, compound percentages and other basic math skills, students gain intuition about budgeting, saving, investing and other financial skills, he said. Costa recalls meeting resistance when he trained a group of 54 public school teachers who were much older and initially doubted the value of his project. “There was a lot of objection to what I was doing at first, because they really
did not understand the importance of financial literacy to the students of public schools in Brazil,” he said. Such resistance did not discourage Costa, who successfully convinced the teachers of the project’s merits. English lecturer Karin Gosselink, who had Costa as a student in his freshman year, described him as fearless and diligent. She added that he “has this uncanny ability to talk with everyone.” Costa attributes much of his success to the support he received from his mentors. Yale School of Management professor Gary Gorton taught him how to conduct good research, he said, and Gordon’s connection with former Central Bank of Brazil President Armínio Fraga allowed Costa to work under one of the most influential figures in Brazilian financial research. Apart from empirical data demonstrating the improved financial literacy among students taking Costa’s class, the course has yielded some unexpected and immeasurable results, according to Costa. He said the students not only learned the curriculum material in class, but also took their skills home to discuss with their families — a vital component to changing financial behavior in Brazil. Mary Johnson, financial literacy expert and student aid director at HigherOne, a company committed to supporting financial literacy initiatives and programs for colleges and students, said a lot of what students learn about finances comes from the family. “In the U.S., there is not a lot going on, particularly in the schools,” Johnson said. “It would be great to integrate financial literacy efforts into the K-12 experience.” Looking ahead, Costa plans to expand his program, which started with 18 schools and is now at 28. Costa is also aiming to secure the influence of his program with the publication of his textbook and the online launching of the course via Educopédia, a national educational platform, later this year. Costa’s next book plans to address general questions about economics. Contact JILLIAN KRAVATZ at jillian.kravatz@yale.edu .
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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 2014 · yaledailynews.com
FROM THE FRONT
“I’ve spent too much time giving speeches, travelling the world.” BILLY GRAHAM AMERICAN EVANGELIST
Roth, Phillipino vie for Ward 7 seat WARD 7 FROM PAGE 1 the ward, she said it is hard to see how the issues facing permanent residents affect her as well. Ackerman said Hausladen’s Yale affiliation helped ease that divide. With an election last fall featuring two Yalies and another this spring with a Democratic favorite who holds two Yale degrees, a connection to the University is not hard to spot. Roth and Phillipino agreed. Both said safer streets and a more thriving downtown affect students and permanent residents alike. “There’s definitely a Yale footprint there,” Ackerman said. “Even though I’m not represented per se by a student, it doesn’t mean I’m not represented.”
ROTH — NO LONGER BEHIND THE SCENES
Roth, a 45-year-old resident of Audubon Court, has lived in New Haven for the past seven years after a 13-year stint in Washington, D.C. as an attorney for the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms and then the Department of Homeland Security. As the public safety chair of the Downtown Wooster Square Community Management Team, Roth has led efforts to improve lighting downtown and calm traffic on busy city streets. She helped spearhead the initiative that persuaded Yale to create a traffic safety subcommittee in 2011 and, in 2012. She also had a hand in organizing a trafficcalming initiative at an intersection by Yale-New Haven Hospital where a medical student was struck and killed in 2008. She traced her decision to run for city office to the YaleWomen Conference last April, when U.S. Rep. Rosa DeLauro urged women to “come to the table,” Roth recalled. After conversations in
January with Hausladen and his predecessor, Bitsie Clark, she was convinced to leave her traditional perch “behind the scenes.” “I think of myself as very nonpolitical,” said Roth, who served as Hausladen’s treasurer in 2011 and then again for part of his 2013 campaign. “I like being part of a community.” Despite “lots of conversations … about factions” on the Board, Roth said, she has had trouble teasing out the ideological differences from the outside. She said members of both the labor-backed majority and the People’s Caucus — the breakaway coalition — have approached her to ask about her sense of the two groups. “When you get in there, maybe you realize [you have] to align,” Roth said. Otherwise, she hopes to approach each decision simply by studying the facts and listening, she said. “But right now I can’t see how if you just sort of study everything carefully and then be open to listen to everyone, you can’t be effective in that way,” she added. Roth said safe streets, public safety, education and budgetary issues define her agenda — and that she hopes to pick up where Hausladen left off in advocating for traffic calming and overhauling the city’s accessibility to cyclists and pedestrians. Roth does not own a car. She cited her experience drafting a statute concerning firearms and gun control as a unique foundation for tackling urban violence. “I get the structure of how gun laws work,” Roth said. “I’ve dealt with [police] agents for 11 years of my life.” The best solution to gun violence, she added, is providing education and economic opportunities to young people. She said having the resources to do that
depends on a fiscally responsible budget.
PHILLIPINO — A MINORITY VOICE
Phillipino, a 28-year-old resident of Olive Street, first came to New Haven six years ago to take his job at the Knights of Columbus. He is a graduate of the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Mass. He said his interest in politics arises from a commitment to community service. He praised Hausladen’s tenure and said he would hope to continue his work on behalf of “safe streets and neighborhoods.” He added that he would strive to “raise the level of responsiveness with regard to quality of life issues.” Economic development will also form a major part of his agenda, specifically measures that “make it easier for companies to invest,” he said, adding that he said he is ironing out the precise details of his platform, which will be released later this week. Phillipino said he is not deterred by the city’s Democratic majority. “This race is a wild card, being a special election for an open seat,” he said. “When you look at the issues locally, Republicans have a lot to offer for downtown residents and East Rock: safety and security, government accountability, fiscal responsibility.” He added that being the single Republican lawmaker on a 30-member Board would come with its advantages, namely being allowed his first choice of committee assignments. Phillipino, like Roth, supported former Ward 10 Alder Justin Elicker FES ’10 SOM ’10 in his unsuccessful bid for the mayor’s office last year. Phillipino cited first-term Ward 19 Alder Mike
ALEX SCHMELING/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER
Newly appointed Transit Chief Doug Hausladen ‘04 vacated his seat as Ward 7 Alder. Stratton as a model on issues of fiscal responsibility. Clark, who held the seat for eight years before stepping down in 2011, said a Republican has no chance of winning. “I just don’t think a Republican
can win in New Haven — including Ward 7,” Clark said. Andy Ross, who ran unsuccessfully as an Independent for Ward 8 alder, spoke highly of Roth but said he would like to see a Republican in the role — “to get
our foot in the door.” Roth and Phillipino have not met. Contact ISAAC STANLEYBECKER at isaac.stanley-becker@yale.edu .
Secretary of State to speak CLASS DAY FROM PAGE 1 ored to have him come home to Yale.” On Twitter Monday evening, Kerry said he was “honored to be chosen by [a] terrific group of students just a short 48 years after speaking to my class.” Students interviewed said they were excited to have such a prominent figure speak during commencement weekend. “John Kerry, a man who has dedicated his life to serving this country, serves as a great example to us all,” Vinay Nayak ’14 said. “He’s a great choice for Class Day speaker. I’m pumped to hear what he has to say.” Kerry’s career in public service began shortly after he graduated from Yale, serving in the military for four years after his graduation and receiving three Purple Hearts for his actions in the Vietnam War. Upon returning to the United States, Kerry took on a prominent role in anti-war advocacy, testifying before Congress about the war. After an unsuccessful run for Congress in 1972, Kerry attended Boston College Law School and served as a district attorney. He was elected to the Senate in 1984. Although Kerry initially supported the invasion of Iraq in 2003, he became a leading critic of the Bush administration’s execution of the Iraq War and proposed an amendment calling for the withdrawal of most armed forces from Iraq in 2006. Adam Carrington ’14, who previously heard Kerry speak at Yale on the topic of nuclear weapons, said the Secretary is a dynamic and engaging speaker. Abby Bok ’14, who is from Boston, called Kerry a “great Massachusetts statesman,” adding that she is excited to hear what Kerry has to say about his lifetime of public service. Several students interviewed said they hope Kerry will discuss how his time at Yale impacted his career both as a senator and now as Secretary of State. “It probably means a lot to him too that he can give a speech at the institution from [which] he graduated,” Arvind Mohan ’14 said. “He’ll be able to impart some more specific advice than some other speakers that we’ve
KEN YANAGISAWA/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER
Kerry, who will deliver the Class Day speech for the class of 2014, gave the now-defunct “class oration” when he was graduating Yale. had.” Jake Nelson GRD ’13, who worked in the office of the Secretary of State last summer and will spend the next two years working for the State Department, said Kerry’s selection is a reflection of the University’s ongoing globalization efforts. Nelson added that although it is unclear how successful Kerry has been as Secretary of State, his tenure has reflected his decisive personality and leadership skills.
He’s a great choice for Class Day speaker. I’m pumped to hear what he has to say. VINAY NAYAK ’14
Charles Kwenin ’14 and Stefano Malfitano ’14, two students from Ghana and Italy respec-
tively, said they were pleased with the announcement because Kerry is a globally recognized figure. “I’m really happy because he’s one of the very few American personalities that my family would know,” Malfitano said, adding that his parents were delighted when they heard the news. Kwenin said his parents would not have recognized Cory Booker, last year’s Class Day speaker. Spencer Alexander ’14 said Kerry is an example of a speaker whose reputation transcends his particular industry or field. As someone who is not very interested in politics, Alexander said he did not know who Cory Booker was. While at Yale, Kerry also served as the President of the Yale Political Union and Chairman of the Liberal Party. Contact RISHABH BHANDARI at rishabh.bhandari@yale.edu and MATTHEW LLOYD-THOMAS at matthew.lloyd-thomas@yale.edu .
YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 2014 · yaledailynews.com
PAGE 5
NEWS
“Let parents bequeath to their children not riches, but the spirit of reverence.” PLATO GREEK PHILOSOPHER
“Tiger couple” defends controversial new book BY JOYCE GUO CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Yale Law School professors Amy Chua and Jed Rubenfeld maintain that they are not racists. On Monday, Chua and Rubenfeld spoke at the Yale Bookstore on the first stop of a tour for their controversial book “The Triple Package: How Three Unlikely Traits Explain the Rise and Fall of Cultural Groups” — a work that has generated nationwide attention and criticism. The book, which claims certain cultural groups are inherently more successful than others, follows Chua’s hotly debated 2011 parenting memoir “Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother.” In their book, Chua and Rubenfeld declare that three factors — insecurity, superiority complex and impulse control — cause certain cultural groups to achieve professional and material success over others. Delving into race, success and generational gaps in immigrant families, the book has been criticized as racist by some. But on Monday night, a passionate Chua and jovial Rubenfeld called their book “an honest way of looking at success.” Chua and Rubenfeld admitted they addressed sensitive issues. The book is not racist, Rubenfeld insisted, claiming that it gives a “cultural explanation” for success rather than a “genetic explanation.” He added that any individual can have the “triple package” and succeed, but that the three characteristics of success are more prevalent in certain cultures. Rubenfeld and Chua also brought up issues surrounding the word “success” itself. Though Rubenfeld said his personal definition of success is the achievement of personal goals, he added
BRIANNA LOO/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR
Amy Chua and Jeb Rubenfeld defended their controversial latest book yesterday at the Yale Bookstore. that the book defines success as being in a position of financial stability and high social esteem. The reason these narrow metrics are used to represent success, he said, is that they are easy, objective measurements that many of the cultures described in the book adhere to. The event drew an audience of roughly 30, and over half of the audience members were Yale Law School students. Attendees — some of whom admitted that they were “star struck” by the couple — described Chua as “lively and funny” with a sense of humor, defying the stereotype of the strict Asian mother presented
in “Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother.” One attendee traveled an hour from Hartford, Conn. to attend the talk. A Yale Bookstore employee commented that the book reading was the most popular event in recent memory. As the night ended, Chua repeated a sentiment that was stated earlier in the talk. What she wants more than anything is for the book to be viewed simply as a “meditation on success,” she said, adding that the book’s message is optimistic, but not meant to be prescriptive. While other books focus on the overall decline of American life, Chua and Rubenfeld said, they
tried to describe what will reinvigorate the country and lead it to future success. The triple package of insecurity, superiority complex and impulse control is more than just an observation of modern America, they said — it is a meditation on how cultures shape and influence America just as America shapes and influences them. The idea behind “The Triple Package” first took root when Chua taught a class at the Law School on cultural identity in America. Contact JOYCE GUO at joyce.guo@yale.edu .
Five years in, Blue State stays true to its roots BY J.R. REED STAFF REPORTER When customers walk into the Blue State coffee shop at 84 Wall St., they are confronted by a quote, emblazoned on an American flagcolored wall opposite the barista stand: “Our mission is to create vibrant cafes that reflect, improve, and inspire our communities.” Ever since Blue State first entered the New Haven market in January 2009 — with its Wall Street location followed by another on York Street and a third near the medical school — the coffee shop chain’s co-founder, Drew Ruben ’11, has pledged a percentage of all sales to local nonprofit organizations chosen by customers. Every six months, each store displays four tall jars, each representing one local nonprofit, into which customers can drop wooden chips to indicate their support. To select the four participating organizations, customers can submit the names of potential nonprofits to a suggestion jar. The particular store’s manager collaborates with Blue State CEO Carolyn Greenspan to select the four charities, which she chooses based both on customer popularity and the charity’s potential to succeed. “We tend to steer away from
national nonprofits and focus more on local places,” said Nathan Hann, Blue State’s general manager of New Haven stores. “If it’s a new and up-and-coming nonprofit, we like to give support to those as well.” Since the first store opened on Thayer Street in Providence, R.I. in July 2007, Blue State has donated over $400,000 to more than 150 nonprofit organizations. Hann said the idea behind the donation system is what started Blue State Coffee as a whole — and remains what sets it apart from many businesses in the Elm City. “The story that we have running within the company is that the cofounder was standing in line with his father and said ‘Wouldn’t it be great if profits from all these lattes could be channeled into great causes in the community?’” Hann said. “Now, every new store that we open up, we immediately start looking for nonprofits in the area.” The leaders of six participating community organizations in New Haven interviewed unanimously gave positive reviews of the donation system Blue State has developed. Once these organizations receive the funding, they are free to use it however they like. Blue State also brings back certain organizations if New Haven
residents continue to suggest a certain nonprofit in the area. Music Haven Development Director Netta Hadari, whose organization is participating in the donation system at the Wall Street location, said that the after-school arts program received $2000 in funding from Blue State during their last experience in 2012. In 2010, Music Haven received $5700, during a time when Blue State donated 5 percent of total sales. “Part of the strength of the program is that it goes to general operating support — not to any specific program,” Hadari said. “Yes, it’s a popularity contest, but it’s marketing and publicity — it’s worth while for that kind of clientele, which is mainly the Yale community, to know what’s going on and be exposed to nonprofits around New Haven.” Hadari noted that most of the funding goes toward the after school lessons program, where 75 kids from underserved New Haven neighborhoods learn to play musical instruments. Similarly, All Our Kin, where Jessica Sager serves as co-founder and executive director, has appreciated the unrestricted donation style. Through Blue State’s fund, All Our Kin has been able to pro-
vide more staff time and give their consultants the budgets to bring in education supplies. “Nonprofits are perpetually strapped for resources and cash, and a lot of funding we get comes from grants that are tremendously useful but earmarked for specific programs,” Sager said. “To get those dollars with discretion where they are needed most is wonderful and enables us to do a lot more for the citizens of New Haven and, in our case, the very youngest citizens.” While representatives from these organizations have appreciated Blue State’s donations, Yalies interviewed did not seem to put significant effort into considering the choices. Several students interviewed said that baristas rarely prompt them to participate in the voting system as they pay. As of now, Hann said Blue State’s management is not considering pursuing further projects to spur community organizations, but did note it was “something we are always thinking about.” Aside from its three locations in New Haven, Blue State has two other stores in Providence, R.I. and another in Boston. Contact J.R. REED at jonathan.t.reed@yale.edu .
SARA MILLER/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR
Blue State has stayed committed to its pledge to support local communities, donating more than $400,000 to over 150 nonprofit organizations since the chain’s inception.
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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 2014 · yaledailynews.com
FROM THE FRONT
“For I can raise no money by vile means.” WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
Admins look to Morse, Stiles for reference
JOYCE XI/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER
Although much beloved by students and alumni alike today, Morse and Ezra Stiles were regarded as inauthentic additions to Yale when they were first built (in part due to their aberrant architecture). COLLEGES FROM PAGE 1 built at a time when freshmen were not placed into a residential college. Instead, freshmen boys — there were no female Yale undergraduates yet — lived on Old Campus without a residential college affiliation and then entered a lottery before their sophomore year. Marshall Bell ’65, a member of Stiles, said no sophomores wanted to be placed in Morse and Stiles because the colleges felt like inauthentic additions to Yale.
James Danly ’65, whose father was a member of the Calhoun College class of 1939, said when he first found out he was to be placed in Morse, his heart sank. In both an architectural and geographic departure from Old Yale, Morse and Stiles lacked the tradition of the other residential colleges, alumni said. Thomas Campbell ’65, who lived in Morse, said students worried about Morse and Stiles lacking the traditions of the established colleges, which included “long line of illustrious alumni, the pictures on the walls
and carvings in the wood.”
The idea of having more Yale College students is just a very appealing idea to everybody. BENJAMIN POLAK Provost, Yale University Alumni also recalled that Morse and Stiles were notice-
$40 million left to raise FUNDRAISING FROM PAGE 1 consist primarily of one-onone meetings with donors, as opposed to the high-figure events that are often associated with political fundraising. While gift officers in the Office of Development build relationships with donors, Salovey frequently meets with individuals considering giving major gifts — typically upwards of $1 million — to the University. “President Salovey has done an excellent job meeting many generous and involved alumni, parents and friends,” said University Vice President for Development Joan O’Neill. “They are excited to hear from him about the University.” In November, Salovey said fundraising meetings set up by the Office of Development and meetings scheduled through the Yale Alumni Association are the “dominant” reasons he travels off campus. In recent trips off campus, the new colleges have been a particular focus. “When I’ve been away from campus, fundraising for the residential colleges [has been] the most significant way in which I’m using my time,” Salovey said. His schedule has included several trips to fundraising hot spots New York City and Fairfield County, Conn., in addition to San Francisco and other locations on the West Coast.
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Many of the recent gifts to fund the colleges have fallen in the $1 million to $5 million range, O’Neill said. Both Salovey and O’Neill said that the Johnson gift, the largest in University history, spurred other donors to give to the colleges. Only hours after the announcement of the Johnson gift in October, another donor gave $5 million to the residential college project.
When I’ve been away from campus, fundraising for the residential colleges [has been] the most significant way in which I’m using my time. PETER SALOVEY University president “The announcement gave people a clear sense that we have a very targeted goal to raise in order to move forward on the colleges, so it set a real financial target for the alumni,” O’Neill said several weeks after the Johnson gift.“That’s very motivational, [it] gives [the alumni] a clear sense of how they can make a difference.” Nancy Better ’84, who frequently volunteers for the Uni-
versity, said she believes that constructing the new colleges and opening Yale up to hundreds of additional students would be a major benefit to the University. O’Neill said her office has continued to hear from donors “inspired” by Johnson’s gift. She added that her office saw a major uptick in gifts to the University shortly before the end of the tax year on Dec. 31. However, she added, many of the major gifts for the colleges have come in the form of pledges, which are commitments paid out over time. Despite the emphasis both Salovey and the Office of Development are placing on the new colleges, long-standing fundraising priorities do not appear to have fallen by the wayside. Miller said that when soliciting funds for the University, she has focused on financial aid. “Just ask the Senior Class Gift Committee: I asked them to put financial aid first,” Miller said. “Guaranteeing need-blind financial aid is bedrock.” The website of the Office of Development lists the components of the colleges that donors can support. The projects range from a bicycle repair shop, priced at $150,000, to the west tower of the north college for $100 million. Contact MATTHEW LLOYDTHOMAS at matthew.lloyd-thomas@yale.edu .
ably unpolished when students first stepped on campus. “The first thing I remember was the aroma on the first day,” Danly said. “There were piles of manure. That was my first impression of Morse College. But time passed; flowers came up.” Still, alumni said they quickly warmed to Morse and Stiles, and Campbell said he found the “new college smell” preferable to that of mold and dust in older colleges. Bell said he came to appreciate the new colleges, in part because
Yale made them more attractive by peopling them with “hotshot” faculty members. “They had all these legendary people there as fellows and masters,” Bell said. “The cafeteria area is small and intimate, and you’re sitting there with Robert Penn Warren.” Soon, new traditions arose, including a “Strawberry Shortcake Fund” for Morse, after a generous alumnus gave money for the dining hall to provide cake to its students. Over 50 years later, alumni recall the addition of Morse and
Stiles as a relatively easy process, and of the seven alumni interviewed, none said their status as the inaugural class of the new colleges negatively impacted their experiences. “The fact is, I walk there with a great deal of fondness,” Bell said. “Now that I look back on it, we did fine with Stiles.” Yale’s latest new colleges are slated to open in 2017. Contact YUVAL BEN-DAVID at yuval.ben-david@yale.edu and ADRIAN RODRIGUES at adrian. rodrigues@yale.edu .
YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 2014 · yaledailynews.com
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BULLETIN BOARD
TODAY’S FORECAST
TOMORROW
Sunny, with a high near 26. Light northwest wind increasing to 5 to 9 mph in the morning.
THURSDAY
High of 25, low of 21.
High of 35, low of 28.
LORENZO’S TALE BY CHARLES MARGOSSIAN
ON CAMPUS TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 11 12:30 p.m. Art in Context: “Sculpture by Nicola Hicks.” English sculptor Nicola Hicks is known for depicting animals using straw and plaster. Martina Droth and Cyra Levenson of the YCBA will lead an arts talk on her pieces housed here at Yale. Yale Center for British Art (1080 Chapel St.). 2:30 p.m. “The Future of Southern Europe.” José María Aznar, prime minister of Spain from 1996–2004, will discuss the future of Southern Europe, including the importance of battling terrorism and strengthening the trans-Atlantic relationship. He is a strong supporter of the European Union’s commitment to freedoms and economic reform. Sterling Memorial Library (120 High St.), Lecture Hall.
SCIENCE HILL BY SPENCER KATZ
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 12 4:30 p.m. Schlesinger Visiting Writer Series: Tracy K. Smith. Tracy K. Smith is the author of three books of poetry. Her most recent collection, “Life on Mars,” won the 2012 Pulitzer Prize. The collection draws on sources as disparate as Arthur C. Clarke and David Bowie, and is in part an elegiac tribute to her late father, an engineer who worked on the Hubble Telescope. Linsly-Chittenden Hall (63 High St.), Rm. 317. 5:40 p.m. “50 Shades of Green” with Brian Keane. Join the Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy and the Yale Climate & Energy Institute for a conversation with SmartPower President Brian Keane. Keane will be discussing his new book, which offers a no-nonsense guide for making clean energy and energy efficiency a part of daily life. Kroon Hall (195 Prospect St.), Burke Aud.
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 13
XKCD BY RANDALL MUNROE
5:30 p.m. “What Does It Mean to Be Moved by an Artwork?” In his talk, Winfried Menninghaus will address basic implications and assumptions concerning the notion of an empirical aesthetics as it underlies his current work at the Max Plank Institute. Part of the German Speaker Series. Whitney Humanities Center (53 Wall St.), Rm. 208.
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Questions or comments about the fairness or accuracy of stories should be directed to Editor in Chief Julia Zorthian at (203) 4322418. Bulletin Board is a free service provided to groups of the Yale community for events. Listings should be submitted online at yaledailynews.com/events/ submit. The Yale Daily News reserves the right to edit listings.
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Los Angeles Times Daily Crossword Puzzle
CLASSIFIEDS
CROSSWORD Edited by Rich Norris and Joyce Lewis ACROSS 1 Financial “soaking” 5 Open wound 9 Dots on maps 14 Queens stadium named for a tennis legend 15 Eastern honorific 16 Outmaneuver 17 Munich mister 18 Track section 19 In a gallant manner 20 They swim with the fish 23 Gore and Smith 24 Wrestling venue 25 Scottish pirate 27 Checkpoint Charlie city 30 O’Brien of CNN 33 __ Dhabi 34 Chain store selling gates and crates 37 Twilled suit fabric 38 Gently tosses 40 Nocturnal scurrier 42 Big intro? 43 African antelope 45 Company targeting 40Acrosses 47 Transgression 48 Man Ray or Arp 50 Some 36-Down deals 52 Fruit that’s not cute 53 With regard to 55 Priest’s garment 57 Vince Gilligan TV drama, and a hint to something happening in 20Across and 11and 29-Down 62 Freeload 64 Billy goat’s bluff 65 Meditative practice 66 Less likely to betray 67 Where sheep sleep 68 Creditor’s claim 69 Wooden shoe 70 Power dept. 71 Movie lioness DOWN 1 Grumpy cries 2 “Got __?”: “Can we talk?”
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By Ed Sessa
3 Informal street sign word 4 Like some folk remedies 5 One with growing concerns? 6 “Here we go __!” 7 Hindu deity 8 Of sound body 9 Oft-removed throat tissues 10 Artist Yoko 11 Bookmarked link, say 12 __ and void 13 1974 CIA spoof 21 “What __!”: “I’ve been had!” 22 MGM rival 26 Judge 27 Bundled, as cotton 28 African virus 29 Start of a rhyme featuring a butcher and baker 30 Foot warmer 31 Texas A&M athlete 32 Campus heads 35 Tugboat blast 36 Hybrid, perhaps 39 Setback
Monday’s Puzzle Solved
SUDOKU EASY
2 9 3 6
6 4 5
3 8
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41 Designer Tommy 44 Toon with an upturned tie 46 Gas in glass tubing 49 “To __, With Love” 51 30-Down pattern 53 Slugger known as Hammerin’ Hank 54 Use a rink
2/11/14
55 “Hamlet” fivesome 56 Doctor Zhivago’s love 58 Caesar’s “Behold!” 59 Recipe instruction 60 Years and years 61 Funny Carvey 63 Former automaker with a globe in its logo
3 8 9 3 7 2
6 7 5 9 3
4 8 3 4 7
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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 2014 · yaledailynews.com
NATION
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Religious groups fight gay marriage in court BY BRADY MCCOMBS ASSOCIATED PRESS SALT LAKE CITY — A coalition of religious organizations has come together to urge a federal appeals court to uphold same-sex marriage bans in Utah and Oklahoma, saying unions between a man and woman are best for children, families and society. The argument was made in a 42-page brief filed Monday afternoon to a Denver-based court reviewing cases that could reverse gay-marriage bans in Utah and Oklahoma. Lawyers for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops wrote the brief, which was signed by the Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention and the Lutheran Church — Missouri Synod. “Our respective religious doctrines hold that marriage between a man and a woman is sanctioned by God as the right and best setting for bearing and raising children,” it says. “We believe that children, families, society and our nation thrive best when husband-wife marriage is upheld and strengthened as a cherished, primary social institution.” The coalition struck back at the notion that opposing gay marriage makes one anti-gay, irrational or bigoted. “The accusation is false and offensive,” it says. “It is intended to suppress rational dialogue and democratic conversation, to win by insult and intimidation rather than by reason, experience and fact.” They say they have no ill will toward same-sex couples, only “marriage-affirming religious beliefs,” supported by sociological facts, saying holding on to the man-woman definition of marriage is essential. The “friend of the court” brief was one of several submitted
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Report: cyberattacks not coordinated BY PETE YOST ASSOCIATED PRESS WASHINGTON — A multi-agency government task force looking into cyberattacks against retailers says it has not come across evidence suggesting the attacks are a coordinated campaign to adversely affect the U.S. economy. In a two-page report, the National Cyber Investigative Joint Task Force says the global implications of the retail attacks and the economic impact to private business and individual citizens cannot be overstated.
Plain and simple, whoever did this just wants to make a whole lot of money. STEVE CHABINSKY Cyber expert, CrowdStrike
GREG GARRISON/ASSOCIATED PRESS
The Council of Bishops has called for a formal complaint against Bishop Melvin Talbert, who presided at a same sex wedding. Monday by groups, professors and state attorneys general supporting Utah and Oklahoma in their efforts to persuade the Denver-based 10th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals to reverse recent rulings by federal court judges. Shannon Minter, legal director for the National Center for Lesbian Rights, said Monday that religions will always be free to choose which marriages they perform. But in a statement, Minter added that “the state cannot exclude any group of people from a fundamental right based on religious views held by some. Our society is strengthened when the law both supports all families and protects the freedoms of conscience and belief.”
The organization is teaming with a pair of Salt Lake City attorneys to represent the progay marriage case. Utah state attorneys filed their opening argument in support of banning gay marriage last week, saying the optimal environment for raising children is with a mother and father. The state contends that redefining marriage poses “real, concrete risks to children” because not having a mother or father leads to emotional damage. The state said its duty is to look out for the longterm interests of children who can’t defend themselves. Attorneys for three gay and lesbian couples in Utah who brought the lawsuit against Utah will file their response by Feb. 25.
Organizations who want to send in arguments in support of the couples have until March 4. The couples’ attorneys have scoffed at the notion that gay and lesbian couples make inferior parents, saying there is no scientific evidence to back that claim. They also have pointed to the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling last summer striking down part of the federal Defense of Marriage Act as backing in this case. In that decision, the justices wrote that limiting marriages to a man and a woman relegates gay marriages to second-class status and “humiliates tens of thousands of children now being raised by same-sex couples.” A hearing has been set for April 10 in Denver.
The report obtained by the Associated Press does not identify the retailers by name, but it comes after recent attacks on Target and Neiman Marcus. The task force document says it is tracking and coordinating cyber investigative information among government agencies and industry partners concerning the use of Kaptoxa, a type of malware that compromises payment information systems, and other related malware by criminal elements. The report is the combined effort of the FBI, Secret Service, intelligence agencies, and the Department of Homeland Security. “Bringing all of the government’s knowledge together to date, the report demonstrates there is no evidence of a coordinated effort — whether by criminal groups or nation states — to harm the US economy,” said Steve Chabinsky, a cyber expert with cybersecurity technology firm CrowdStrike who spent 15 years with the FBI. “Plain and simple, whoever did this just wants to make a whole lot of money.” Chabinsky said he has an unclassified copy of the report. He said it is an effort by the government to reach out to the entire retail industry expressing the government’s concern that if these intrusions are allowed to continue, the unintended consequences could have global economic impact.
YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 2014 · yaledailynews.com
PAGE 9
SPORTS
“Curling is not a sport. I called my grandmother and told her she could win a gold medal because they have dusting in the Olympics now.” CHARLES BARKLEY BASKETBALL PLAYER
Freshman talks season SQUASH FROM PAGE 12 With the CSA Team Championships just three days away, the News sat down with Dembinski to discuss his first year as a Bulldog. has it been like to be QWhat such a successful contributor in your first year?
A
It’s definitely nice to come in and immediately make an impact. I wasn’t necessarily expecting to play so high or have such a successful year, but to do both has been shocking to me in a good way.
has the chemistry been QHow among you, Cheong and McClintock?
A
It’s been great. We’ve all been super supportive of each other, especially for the latter part of the year when we played four, five and six and shared a court. That was essentially the freshman court, and we held it down.
match against HarQYour vard’s Gary Power was a bit
heated. What caused that, and do you think that will make an impact on the match if you play him again this weekend?
A
I definitely think it would. We played earlier in the Ivy scrimmages as well, and it was a similarly contentious match. We grew up playing at the same club, and he was always three years older than me, so we never played with each other. I think it was tough for him to deal with a tight match against someone he used to beat so easily.
does the strength of QWhat the freshman class show about the team’s potential in the future?
A
We obviously have some strong players in the junior and senior classes, but with five of the top six being freshmen and sophomores, that definitely bodes really well for the future of the team. We also have a really good recruiting class coming in next year.
you and the other freshWhat’s the team’s mentality QDo men feel any extra pressure Q as it heads into CSA’s next from being pretty much expected, at this point, to sweep the four through six spots?
A
No, I think we’ve done a pretty good job of managing expectations. We all have our personal expectation that we can win any match, but we also know that if we lose there are still eight other guys fighting to win, so we don’t feel too much pressure.
weekend?
A
We’re the third seed, so we’d love to at least fulfill that expectation. We know we had a 5–4 loss to Trinity, and they’re the two seed. If we make it by the first round, which will be a tough match, we’d definitely love to beat Trinity. And I think that if we make it to the finals, we could find two more matches against Harvard to win.
do you improve on a Being from around New QHow perfect season in the years to Q Haven, did you always have come?
Yale in your mind?
A
A
It’s not a perfect season yet, since we still have nationals this weekend. But obviously a perfect regular season is tough to beat, but I’ll try to replicate that for the next three years.
Bulldogs paddle past bears
I’ve always dreamed of wearing blue. I started coming to the matches when I was around 10. Contact GREG CAMERON at greg.cameron@yale.edu .
ELENA MALLOY/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER
In its final meet of the regular season, the women’s swimming and diving team beat Brown 156–144. SWIMMING FROM PAGE 12 Lee ’14 finished fifth in the 100-yard backstroke, while classmate Chelsea Dunlap ’14 came in one spot back in sixth. Yale then returned to the podium with a win by Hirschi in the 200-yard butterfly. Isla Hutchinson-Maddox ’17 finished just over a second behind her to take second place for the Bulldogs. Zhou earned the Elis points with two victories in the 50-yard freestyle and 100yard freestyle. Two more second-place finishes followed: one from Chintanaphol in the 200-yard backstroke and another from Stephens-Pickeral in the 200-yard breaststroke. Fabian brought in another win with the 500-yard freestyle and Olivia Jameson ’17 added points by finishing in third. Hirschi then pulled in a win with a time of 55.54 in the 100-yard butterfly. For the final event, the 400-yard freestyle relay, Franklin, Hirschi, Zhou and Anna Wujciak ’17 won with a time of 3:25.36. On the diving side, Lilybet McRae ’17 blew the competition away with wins in the 1-meter and 3-meter dives. Olivia Grinker ’16 and Kelly Sherman ’16 tied for third in the 1-meter and Grinker took third in the 3-meter as well. The women said they wanted to beat
Wildcats vault over Yale GYMNASTICS FROM PAGE 12 On the bars, Traina led the Bulldogs and helped secured a second-place finish in the allaround by tying for first on the bars with a score of 9.775. Joyce Li ’15 was the next-closest Eli to Traina on the bars and finished in a three-way tie for fourth with a score of 9.675. After Traina and Li’s bars performances, the Bulldogs took the bottom four places on the bars. “Personally, I made some improvements as well, and one of those was on bars,” Traina said. “I spent extra time working on bars last week, and it definitely helped improve my performance in the meet. I’m hoping to continue the same type of performance and positivity into the upcoming meets.” Opperman competed in just one other event on Saturday, the floor, and set another personal record with a score of 9.725, earning her a sixth-place finish in the event. Just one Wildcat, Jannelle Minichiello, finished in between Opperman and the rest of the Bulldogs. After Minichiello, Lucas completed the floor event with a score of 9.425 while Tay Tabitha ’14, Anderson, Traina and Sooksengdao finished with scores of 9.400, 9.300, 9.275 and 8.700, respectively. In the fourth event, the beam, Sooksengdao finished fifth with a tally of 9.725, while the remaining five Elis finished in the bottom five spots. “We still need to improve our consistency on beam and that just comes from doing high numbers of routines in practice and the transferring that confidence to the meets,” said team captain Ashley O’Connor ’14. “Overall the team had a great performance because we had our high score this season and we have been continually making improvements in each meet. We need to keep doing that and end up peaking at Ivies.”
The Elis will head to Maryland next weekend to begin a string of six consecutive away meets before the ECAC championships
in late March. Contact ASHTON WACKYM at ashton.wackym@yale.edu .
MARIA ZEPEDA/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER
The Bulldogs were clawed by the Wildcats on Senior Day, losing 195.400– 188.700 on Saturday.
Brown, but they were also using the meet as an opportunity to get ready for the Ivy League Championships. “It was especially helpful that [the meet] was at Brown, which is where Ivies will be in two weeks,” Zhou said. The men kept their eye on the Ivies as well. Senior Tyler Pramer ’14 said the team used the meet to see what they need to accomplish before the Ivies begin. The men’s swimming and diving team started the day with a second-place finish in the 200-yard medley relay, with a team comprised of Mike Lazris ’15, Alwin Firmansyah ’15, Andrew Heymann ’15 and Oscar Miao ’17. Ben Lerude ’17 brought in the first win on the day in the 1000yard freestyle, with a time of 9:18.92. Rob Harder ’15 and Victor Zhang ’16 finished in first and second, respectively, in the 200yard freestyle, less than a second ahead of the third-place finisher from Brown. Lazris brought in points with a second-place finish in the 100-yard backstroke, as did Ronald Tsui ’15 with a third-place finish in the 100-yard breaststroke. Brown took wins in the 50-yard freestyle and 100-yard freestyle, putting pressure on the Bulldogs. Harder then won the 200-yard backstroke, while Heymann finished first in the 200-yard
breaststroke, helping the Elis to pull ahead. Sophomore Brian Hogan ’16 won the 500-yard freestyle with teammate Lerude less than a second behind in second place. Firmansyah won the 100-yard butterfly and Heymann pulled out yet another win in the 200-yard IM for the last individual event. The final swimming event, the 200-yard freestyle relay, resulted in a Bulldog victory with Aaron Greenberg ’17, Miao, Harder and Zhang taking first. Pramer finished first in both the 1-meter and 3-meter dives, while James McNelis ’16 took third in the 3-meter dive. The meet was the final regular season meet for the men’s swimming and diving team as well. “There was a lot of emotion from the seniors, especially those who will not be swimming or diving at the Championships,” Pramer said. “It was a time to celebrate the end of their careers and all that they have contributed to the program.” The women will compete at the Ivy League Championship at Brown starting Feb. 20, while the men will fight for the Ivy crown at Harvard beginning Feb. 27. Contact SYDNEY GLOVER at sydney.glover@yale.edu .
Elis strong in debut LACROSSE FROM PAGE 12 Inside Lacrosse but will need to find a third starter after the graduation of crease-attackman Kirby Zdrill ’13. Newcomers AJ Rocco ’17 and Jeff Cimbalista ’17 are expected to fill the roles of third and fourth attackmen this season — and Rocco has already made his presence felt tallying 3 goals in his Yale debut. “We have skill all over the offensive end of the field,” said midfielder Colin Flaherty ’15. “We are still trying to work out the kinks of who is going to play where and work on our fluidness on the field. It was a good win but it’s just a scrimmage and we will take it with a grain of salt.” Flaherty returns as the Bulldogs’ top point-scorer from midfield — he notched 17 goals and 10 assists last year — and got back to his scoring ways, hitting the back of the net and adding an assist against Stony Brook. Freshman Eric Scott ’17, who was New Jersey’s 2013 player of the year, is making his case to start on Yale’s top midfield line. The rookie impressed on Saturday, tallying three goals. Shane Thorton ’15 also returns along with Michael Bonacci ’16, Sean Shakespeare ’15 and Ryan McCarthy ’15 to round out Yale’s top six offensive middies. Thorton scored three goals and had three helpers on Saturday, while Shakespeare added two goals. The big question mark for Yale this season is on the defensive side of the field, where goaltender Eric Natale ’15 and captain Jimmy Craft ’14 are the only returning starters. Michael Quinn ’16, who was an honorable mention on Inside Lacrosse’s preseason all-American list, will move from long-stick-
midfielder along with Jack Ambrose ’14 to start on close defense. “This switch from pole to close made me look at my game a little differently but all in all it’s still defense,” Quinn said. “As for the new unit, seniors Jack Ambrose and Jimmy Craft have been really helpful in making the transition easy as it’s their fourth year on the team. They have shown me a lot already. We are sick of hearing how the defense is the weakest point on the team this year. As a unit the more repetitions we get together the more instinctual we will become.” Ambrose and Riley Naton ’16 each had two controlled takeaways against Stony Brook, while Natale looked solid in net. Against Adelphi, a NCAA
Division II school, Yale played two quarters, using mostly non-starters, but managed to beat the Panthers 8-7. “Coach said this weekend was our opportunity to carve our identity and let the nation know who we are,” Bonacci said. “We dominated on ground ball and faceoffs and played as a team. Our communication was good and things turned out a lot better than they often do in the first game out.” The Bulldogs will take on Division III powerhouse Tufts next Sunday at home at 1 p.m. before their official season opener at Reese Stadium against St. John’s on the 22nd at 1:30 p.m. Contact FREDERICK FRANK at frederick.frank@yale.edu .
SARA MILLER/ PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR
The men’s lacrosse team will enter this season having won the last three Ivy League tournaments.
PAGE 10
YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 2014 · yaledailynews.com
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Plagiarism attitudes common across cultures
JENNIFER LU/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER
Researchers in a recent Yale psychology study found that children from across different cultures showed similar aversions to copying, suggesting that there may be a common developmental stage dealing with ideas of ownership. BY STEPHANIE ROGERS STAFF REPORTER According to a new Yale study, negative attitudes towards plagiarism may be more universal than previously thought. To investigate how attitudes towards plagiarism develop in young children, researchers investigated whether attitudes about copying others varied across American, Mexican and Chinese children. While the researchers expected the Chinese children to show more acceptance of plagiarism due to the country’s emphasis on conformity, no children over the age of five from any of the countries exhibited tolerance of copying. The findings suggest that there may a developmental stage common across cultures that strongly influences attitudes
about copying, said Fan Yang, lead study author and exchange scholar in the Yale Psychology Department. “Kids are taught not to copy, but I suspect that’s not what’s really causing them to think that plagiarism is bad,” said Alex Shaw GRD ’13, study co-author and post-doctoral fellow at University of Chicago who was a psychology graduate student at Yale when he helped conduct the study. “Instead, kids get upset when other children copy their work and when they witness other people copy others’ ideas. Exposure to those negative reactions is what causes them to think copying is bad.” The researchers were inspired by a previous study that suggested five and six year old American children are intolerant of plagiarism, while those aged
three to four are not averse to copycats. In the study, children were exposed to three different videos of puppets drawing pictures that simulated forms of plagiarism or originality. The videos began with one puppet glancing to see what the other puppet was drawing. The puppet would then proceed to create his own picture that was either identical to the first puppet’s, shared a theme with it or was entirely unique. While the three and four year old children showed no preference toward either of the three different puppets, all children in the five to six year age group rated the puppet who directly copied as being bad in comparison to the most creative puppet, whom the children deemed to be good. Since America, China and Mexico have very different intellectual property rights, Yang said
she found the results surprising. According to the 2009 Intellectual Property Rights Index, a measure of intellectual property protection across 115 countries in the world, the United States ranked second, Mexico ranked 55th , and China ranked 70th. Yang, a native of China, said she expected the Chinese children to tolerate the plagiarism since the Chinese education system stresses understanding and copying principles rather than creating new ideas and challenging established knowledge. The country’s legal system has only recently imposed intellectual property rights. The study did expose one difference among the three cultures, where the Chinese children had a more negative reaction to the similar case than the direct copying. Shaw said since China has a
focus on conformism, the population may be more likely to see the similar drawing not as someone trying to be a little bit different, but as someone doing a bad job copying and a bad job at being original. However, he said more data is needed to investigate this finding. “I don’t think this study can be used as evidence that the urge to protect our own ideas is innate” Laurie Santos, a Yale psychology professor who was not involved with the study, said in an email. “However, this study does suggest that the urge to protect our own intellectual contributions emerges relatively early in human development, and may be more common across cultures than we originally thought.” This work suggests that there may be a developmental stage when children begin to care about
ownership over an idea and not just physical objects, said Joshua Knobe, a Yale cognitive science professor who was not involved with the study. The study does not imply that society and culture do not shape individuals at a young age, Yang said, but that it likely interacts with other factors throughout development. For Yang, one of the next steps is to study societies that rank even lower than China in protection of intellectual property, such as hunter-gatherer cultures, in order to examine if there is a universal developmental appreciation for the rights of intellectual property. The study appears in the May 2014 edition of the Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. Contact STEPHANIE ROGERS at stephanie.rogers@yale.edu .
Study finds infants wise eaters BY TYLER FOGGATT CONTRIBUTING REPORTER A new Yale study discovered that infants are inclined to eat what they’re supposed to, after all. As part of a larger investigation of how infants respond to plants, a pair of Yale psychologists found that while infants initially avoid touching plants, they also use social information from adults to learn that certain plants are edible. According to study authors, this finding provides the first evidence for the existence of social learning mechanisms in infants that allow them to identify edible plants. “If you were walking down the street and you saw someone take an apple off a tree and put it in their mouth, that would seem fine,” said Annie Wertz, co-author of the study and postdoctoral researcher in Yale psychology department. “But if you saw that same person pull a chunk off of a fire hydrant and put it in their mouth, that would be pretty strange. Infants as young as six months of age seem to share those intuitions.” The study is part of a larger project led by Wertz that aims to determine whether infants have specialized responses to plants. In an earlier study co-authored by Wertz and Karen Wynn, a Yale psychology professor who is also an author on the most recent study, the researchers found that babies are reluctant to touch plants. When an object and a plant were placed in front of infants, the infants hesitated much longer to touch the plant, which is a hesitation that Wynn and Wertz viewed as an instinctive defense mechanism against the harm that poisonous plants may pose. To investigate whether the reluctance could be overcome by
social learning, Wertz and Wynn conducted four experiments at the Yale Infant Cognition Center with 6- and 18-month-olds. They predicted that infants would recognize a plant as a food source and choose to eat its fruits instead of a nonfood object, such as a metallic branch with fake fruits, after watching adults place both plants and the fake food in their mouths. After initial results confirmed their hypothesis, they ran another experiment in which infants were asked to choose between eating a plant and a fake food without watching an adult eat both objects first, and the infants did not show a specific preference for the plants. This indicates that while infants can quickly learn to identify plants as food sources, this generally only occurs after they are exposed to an adult safely eating the plant, Wynn said. For the final part of the experiment, Wertz and Wynn found that when 6-month-olds watched adults eating fruits from a plant and fruits from an artificial object, they looked longer when the adults were consuming fruits from the object. Infants were already biased to identify the plant as a food source, Wynn said, and therefore did not spend as much time watching the adults eat fruit from the plant. “This is an intriguing study suggesting that humans may be biologically prepared to learn about plants both in terms of the dangers that they pose and in terms of their edibility,” Frank Keil, a Yale psychology professor uninvolved in the study, said in an email. “It raises important questions about the underlying psychological mechanisms that could be responsible for such learning biases.” Both this and the previous study have given researchers much insight into both the relationship
between infants and plants, and the ability of infants to make inferences based on social cues, Wertz said. “I really like our findings because they show that babies make both positive and negative inferences with plants,” Wynn said. “While they’re inhibited to reach out and touch a plant, they’re ready to make an inference with the right sorts of information — that plants are food.”
While [babies are] inhibited to reach out and touch a plant, they’re ready to make an inference with the right sorts of information. KAREN WYNN Study author Wertz said she is currently working on testing whether infants are able to generalize learned information about plants. The previous study also showed that infants’ hesitation to touch plants lasted only a few seconds, and Wynn said she is interested in what might be going on cognitively during that period. Wynn said she would also like to find out if babies have a heightened sensitivity to negative social information by testing if babies are more mindful when they hear “no” from their parents. The study was published online in the journal Psychological Science on Jan. 29. Contact TYLER FOGGATT at tyler.foggatt@yale.edu .
KATHRYN CRANDALL/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR
Infants have been found to favor the choice of plants over fake food in spite of adults trying to fool them.
YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 2014 · yaledailynews.com
PAGE 11
“Men argue. Nature acts.” VOLTAIRE FRENCH ENLIGHTMENT WRITER
Groups fundamental to human psychology BY LILLIAN CHILDRESS STAFF REPORTER Fundamental aspects of human psychology have more to do with why humans tend to divide into different social groups than race, religion, or even affiliation with a particular sports team — at least according to a new computer model created by Yale psychologists. Rather than studying the question of group formation by examining people, the group of researchers from Yale and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill designed a program that simulates groups coming together. The model shows that simple rules of human interaction govern the formation of groups —chiefly how nice individuals are to others and how they treat one’s friends. According to study co-author and Yale professor of psychology David Rand, the findings suggest that deeply rooted elements of human psychology help explain why humans so often break into social groups. “What we wondered was how you can get this powerful ‘us’ and ‘them’ without religion, race or other similar factors,” said Kurt Gray, a professor of psychology at UNC Chapel Hill and co-lead author of the study. The computer model, only 80 lines of code long, considered four main factors: the number of people in the group, whether those in the group were trusting or suspicious, the degree to which good deeds went repaid — reciprocity — and the degree to which we share the attitudes of friends towards others, also known as transitivity. The model indicated that reciprocity and transitivity govern the formation of groups in social interaction, two factors that together create a powerful sense
of “us and them,” Gray said. Reciprocity alone creates many individual relationships but does not itself create groups, Rand said in an email. Instead, groups begin to form when transitivity and reciprocity work together. The study demonstrates that the root causes of groups have less to do with social identity than typically thought, said Kevin Lewis, a co-author of the study and professor of sociology at the University of California San Diego. Although factors such as race and religion do influence the formation of distinct social groups, preference to spend time with someone from the same racial group is actually a manifestation of underlying reciprocity and transitivity, Lewis said. The type of computer modeling the group used is relatively new, and increasingly common in sociological and psychological experiments, Lewis said. The technique allows researchers to simulate a group of identical people interacting, an impossible task to carry out with real subjects, and the reason the research group decided to model group behavior on the computer. In addition, Rand said the simulation was able to study the consequences of these effects on large populations over long periods of time in a way that is impossible to do with real people. Gray said the study calls into question the effectiveness of alleviating group conflict by trying to make individuals less sensitive to differences like race or religion. An interactive demonstration of the study’s model is publicly available online. Contact LILLIAN CHILDRESS at lillian.g.childress@yale.edu .
KATHRYN CRANDELL/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR
A new computer model created by Yale psychologists suggests that the main factors for group formation include transitivity and reciprocity.
Vasseur talks temperature variation David Vasseur, a professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, recently led a team of international scientists exploring how climate change-associated temperature swings impact insect populations. Though previous research has suggested that rising temperatures will be an important factor for species’ survival, the team found that variation in temperature will also contribute to the impact of climate change. The News sat down with Vasseur to discuss his findings, as well as future directions for his research. are the key points you QWhat hope readers will take away from this study?
A
[That] environmental variation matters. We often think about global change only in the context of things getting slowly warmer over the next century. But we need to consider what is happening with the variation in climate. I think the timing for that is right; if you look at what’s happening this winter all over North America, we’re seeing these monstrous swings in climate. For some regions of the earth, this is predicted to continue to get more variable. We’re going to see more and more of these swings and we can’t ignore the effects that these swings have on species. That’s the main result we want to send home.
the effects of temperaQWill ture variation change how we think about and evaluate endangered species?
A
One of the things that we might realize is that species that we didn’t believe would be at risk of climate change may certainly be at risk [of variation changes] in those environments. The real reasoning behind our findings is that if you start to include the change in climate variation along with the mean, you have a greater chance of seeing long extreme runs of conditions, and those have very detrimental effects on populations. A mean shift of one or two degrees might be inconsequential for a
population, but if that is accompanied with an increase in the variation, what it will mean is that that organism might go from seeing very extreme conditions for 1 percent of its lifetime, to now seeing those conditions for 10 percent of its lifetime. That will have a really big consequence.
Climate Change
study, why did your QInteamthedecide to look at insects?
Temperature
BY TASNIM ELBOUTE STAFF REPORTER
A
We can make the assumption that the average air temperature correlates pretty well with the body temperature of [insects]. For vertebrates, for mammals and birds, even lizards and snakes, that actively regulate their temperature through behavioral mechanisms, the problem is much more challenging. It’s something that my group and others are working on.
Time
Q
On this paper, you collaborated with eight other authors. Can you tell me about how the group of scientists came together?
A
This group came together actually because of [two] colleagues who put together a proposal to bring together a number of international researchers who were interested in understanding how temperature and temperature variation impacts the interactions among species. Although we didn’t talk about interactions among species in this paper, it was a first step towards where we’re headed with some of the research this group is doing.
are your next steps? QWhat What further research has this study prompted?
A
I am very interested in starting to understand how evolutionary changes may mediate this response. We use data and measurements that are based on species ecology, so it doesn’t leave room for species to actually adapt to those new conditions. I’m interested in using mathematical models and experiments to begin to predict how adaptation is also going to change what we know about the impact of climate change.
JASON KIM/CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATOR
We can do that with E. Coli in the lab for example, [since] bacteria is a model system for thinking about temperature change. It gets a little harder when we start to think about multicellular organisms because of the evolu-
tionary constraints. The evolutionary problem gets much more challenging to define. looking at the evolutionary QIsfactor in species response to climate variation something you
hope to pursue with this group?
A
That will be something I will pursue on my own quite likely — our funding is basically dry. We are through our funding cycle, at the stage where we are
publishing our results. It will be likely a different set of research which will move forward on some of these future questions. Contact TASNIM ELBOUTE at tasnim.elboute@yale.edu .
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“It was great for [the senior class] to go out with a team win and some good individual swims as well.”
JUSTIN SEARS ’16 CO-PLAYER OF THE WEEK Sears got recognized for his contributions to Yale’s wins over Dartmouth and Harvard this weekend, as he was named Ivy League Co-Player of the Week along with Penn’s Fran Dougherty. The sophomore forward averaged 14.5 points and 10.5 rebounds on the weekend road trip.
SARAH HALEJIAN ’15 IVY LEAGUE HONOR ROLL The junior guard put on an offensive display this weekend, scoring 16 points against Dartmouth Friday, then pouring in 27 against Harvard Saturday. Halejian also pulled down five rebounds both nights and had seven total assists this weekend.
OLY HOCKEY (W) United States 9 Switzerland 0
COURTNEY RANDOLPH ’14 WOMEN’S SWIMMING AND DIVING YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 2014 · yaledailynews.com
Swimming wins in season finale SWIMMING
Men’s lax opens strong BY FREDERICK FRANK STAFF REPORTER Last Saturday, the No. 10 men’s lacrosse team began its season with scrimmages against the Stony Brook Seawolves and the Adelphi Panthers. The Elis, coming off their third straight Ivy League Tournament Championship, started the day with a big 16–8 win against the Seawolves before edging out the Panthers 8–7 in two quarters of play.
LACROSSE The Bulldogs return all but one of their top-10 scorers from last season, including the dynamic duo of attackmen Brandon Mangan ’14 and Conrad Oberbeck ’15. Mangan, coming off a 64-point season, picked up right where he left off, scoring three goals and adding five assists. Oberbeck, who posted 44 points last year, added three goals as well. Yale’s attack is ranked fifth in the nation by SEE LACROSSE PAGE 9
JENNIFER CHEUNG/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER
The men’s swimming and diving team defeated Brown 175–125 this weekend in Providence, R.I. BY SYDNEY GLOVER CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Both the men’s and women’s swimming and diving teams came home with victories from this past weekend’s meet against Brown. The men scored 175 points to the Bears’
125, and the women came from behind to win 156–144. As the last meet for some of the teams’ seniors, the victories gave the end of the regular season a sweet finish. “It was great for [the senior class] to go out with a team win and some good individual swims as well,”
Courtney Randolph ’14 said. In the first event for the women, the 400-yard medley relay, the freshman-heavy “A” team of Michelle Chintanaphol ’17, MacKenzie Franklin ’17, Sydney Hirschi ’17 and Ali Stephens-Pickeral ’16 took second place. Eva Fabian ’16
brought in the Bulldogs’ first win in the 1000-yard freestyle. Kina Zhou ’17 and Chintanaphol followed with second-place finishes in the 200yard freestyle and 100-yard backstroke, respectively. Senior Angela SEE SWIMMING PAGE 9
SARA MILLER/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR
The men’s lacrosse team held its first scrimmage of the 2014 season at Stony Brook on Saturday.
Gymnastics ups score, tumbles
Dembinski talks freshman year
BY ASHTON WACKYM STAFF REPORTER For the second straight home meet, the Yale gymnastics squad improved its score — this time earning a season high of 188.700 points — but fell to the competition.
GYMNASTICS
Much of that success can be attributed to dominant performances by the three freshmen in the middle of the Bulldogs’ ladder — No. 4 Thomas Dembinski ’17, No. 5 Kah Wah Cheong ’17 and No. 6 Liam McClintock ’17. The newcomers have amassed a 31–1 combined record this year, with the only loss coming in the first match of the season when Cheong was playing at the top of the ladder.
On Saturday, Feb. 8, the Yale gymnastics team hosted New Hampshire and fell to the Wildcats 195.400–188.700. Last weekend’s meet was both the Bulldogs’ final home meet of the season and Senior Day. While the Elis struggled on the beam and in floor exercises, they performed well as a group on the vault, and Morgan Traina ’15 finished first overall on the bars. “The vault rotation this weekend stood out as our biggest improvement with this meet,” Brittney Sooksengdao ’16 said. “We hit some big, clean vaults and hit some of the bigger scores we want. Scores are getting higher across the board. We have all the potential and capability to hit higher team scores in the 191’s and higher; it’s just a matter of putting all the pieces together consistently.” New Hampshire finished in the top six spots on the vault, while the Bulldogs claimed places seven through 10, with a tie for 11th between Katherine Lucas ’15 and Anella Anderson ’17 at a score of 9.475. Camilla Opperman ’16 topped the Bulldogs’ results on the vault with a personal best of 9.675.
SEE SQUASH PAGE 9
SEE GYMNASTICS PAGE 9
KEN YANAGISAWA/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER
T.J. Dembinski ’17 has been one of four freshmen to help propel Yale to a 6–1 record in the Ivy League. BY GREG CAMERON STAFF REPORTER In what head coach David Talbott initially called a “transition season,” the Yale men’s squash team has managed to defy many expectations by ending the regular season ranked third in the country.
SQUASH
STAT OF THE DAY 7
MARIA ZEPEDA/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER
The gymnastics team posted its highest score of the season, but lost to New Hampshire at home this weekend.
SHOTS ON GOAL BY YALE WOMEN’S ICE HOCKEY FORWARD PHOEBE STAENZ ’17 IN HER FIRST TWO GAMES AT THE SOCHI OLYMPICS, A TEAM HIGH FOR SWITZERLAND. She registered four shots on goal in a loss to Canada on Saturday and three shots in a loss to the U.S. yesterday.