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T H E O L D E ST C O L L E G E DA I LY · FO U N D E D 1 8 7 8

NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2014 · VOL. CXXXVI, NO. 79 · yaledailynews.com

INSIDE THE NEWS MORNING EVENING

SUNNY SNOWY

35 26

CROSS CAMPUS

SEXUAL HEALTH MISCONCEPTIONS RAMPANT

SERVICE

MAYOR

Alumni Service Corps expands domestic options

HARP DELIVERS STATE OF THE CITY ADDRESS

PAGES 10-11 SCITECH

PAGE 3 NEWS

PAGE 3 CITY

Sotomayor recounts journey

Sunlight sealed and sent.

Dixie McCormick, the golden retriever who steadfastly stood guard outside the doors of Timothy Dwight’s dining hall, passed away on Tuesday.

Quietly offering a warm hug or a wag of the tale, “Dixie loved all of you … never forget that,” read an update on the dog’s Facebook page. After three years on campus, Dixie will be remembered for the sunshine she brought into the lives of the countless TD students she greeted as they came home at night.

Sexual misconduct report released NUMBER OF DISCLOSED COMPLAINTS AT ALL-TIME HIGH

BY ADRIAN RODRIGUES AND WESLEY YIIN STAFF REPORTERS

students received an email from Saybrook Library this weekend inviting them to “rush.” “That’s right friends.

It’s rush season. And everyone knows the real hub of Yale Greek life is not High Street, Zeta, or Sig Chi. It’s obviously right here in the Saybrary,” the email read. The message also reminded potential rushees that every night in the library is late night and BYOB (bring your own books).

Portrait of a university president as a young man.

University President Peter Salovey was named after 1940s folk singer Pete Seeger, he revealed in an email Monday morning.

“My parents were such fans of Pete Seeger’s music that they named their oldest child after him!” Salovey said. The announcement opened up a host of speculations as to who former University President Richard Charles Levin was named after: Wagner? Nixon?

Richard the Lionheart, King of England?

Love in the time of CCEs. The

latest love potion cooked up by the CCEs is “Date Night,” a semiformal dinner to be held on Valentine’s Day in the Silliman dining hall. The event promises a themed menu as well as performances throughout dinner. Students are encouraged to come with a date, with friends or even screw-style (with a blind date).

Party like a college kid! Feb

Club Emeritus, which is Feb Club for alumni, has an international reach this year.

The Yale tradition without limits (age limits that is) kicked off this weekend and has parties planned for Geneva, Fontainebleau, Milan, Munich, Vancouver and Cape Town among other locations.

“She’s ba-a-ack,” read a line from The New York Times Sunday Book Review in its piece on Law School professor Amy Chua’s latest book, “The Triple Package.”

THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY

1951 A festival brings together current and former Whiffenpoofs in the largest gathering of penguin tuxedos in the Northeast.

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crosscampus@yaledailynews.com

ONLINE y MORE goydn.com/xcampus

Race for Harp’s Senate seat in 10th district heats up PAGE 5 CITY

Books over bros. Saybrook

Farmville. Undergraduate Career Services is hosting an event today titled “So you want to ... Work on a Farm.”

SENATE

her role on the Supreme Court. “[My Beloved World] was not about telling you what I didn’t know,” Sotomayor said. “But it was about showing you what I learned.”

Sotomayor said returning to Yale during winter brings back fond memories. She recounted handdelivering coffee with her thenboyfriend, who is now her husband, many years ago to drivers stranded

Yale’s fifth semi-annual report of sexual misconduct complaints, which listed any complaints of sexual assault, harassment or other misconduct brought to University officials between July 1 and Dec. 31 2013, contains the highest number of complaints ever disclosed in the report since it was first issued in 2011.

The number of complaints of sexual misconduct on campus totaled 70 over the past six months — a roughly 15 percent increase over complaints in the previous six-month period — according to the report, which was released Monday evening.

Of the 70 complaints, 11 involved sexual assaults, nine were acts of intimate partner violence, 43 involved general sexual harassment and seven involved a range of behaviors not included in the other categories, such as stalking and voyeurism.

Seven new cases were formally brought before the University-Wide Committee (UWC) on Sexual Misconduct, a process that involves an external fact-finder, a hearing and possible disciplinary action. Four of these cases resulted in suspensions, one student withdrew from the University, one case is pending and the last resulted in no disciplinary action.

“I can only speculate — and not be certain — about the circumstances that led to an increase in the number of cases in the cur-

SEE SOTOMAYOR PAGE 6

SEE MISCONDUCT PAGE 4

JOYCE XI/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor LAW ’79 spoke to an audience of over 2,000 in Woolsey Hall on Monday.

BY LARRY MILSTEIN STAFF REPORTER True ignorance is not asking for an explanation when you do not understand — whether that may be in school, with friends or even on the Supreme Court, according to Sonia Sotomayor LAW ’79.

In a talk on Monday afternoon in Woolsey Hall that was simulcasted in Battell Chapel, the Associate Justice of the Supreme Court discussed

her new memoir, “My Beloved World,” which chronicles her journey from a Bronx housing project to her appointment as the first Hispanic on the nation’s highest court.

Before a crowd of over 2,000 students and faculty, some of whom had waited outside since 11 a.m. to secure a seat, Sotomayor spoke about her time as an undergraduate at Princeton and as a law student at Yale, as well as her views on affirmative action and her adjustment to

City demands funds

High prices alienate Yalies

ALDERS SEEK TO CLOSE GAP ON PAYMENTS IN LIEU OF TAXES

BY ISAAC STANLEY-BECKER STAFF REPORTER Give us what we deserve.

That is the message a unanimous New Haven Board of Alders sent Monday night to the state of Connecticut. The Board approved a resolution calling on Connecticut Gov. Dannel Malloy and the General Assembly to fully fund Payment in Lieu of Taxes (PILOT), a program that reimburses municipalities for lost revenue from nontaxable properties.

“This is not charity for the city of New Haven — this is our right,” Ward 19 Alder Michael Stratton, one of the resolutions’ authors, said Monday before the vote. “Just give us our money.”

Under statutory reimbursement levels, the state should be sending 77 percent of the property taxes the city would receive as reimbursement for schools, hospitals and other tax-exempt nonprofits, including Yale University, Stratton said. It is only sending 32 percent. As reimbursement for state buildings, the state is obligated to pay the city 45 cents on the dollar, but is currently only handing over 21 cents, he added.

Connecticut’s Office of Policy and Management pegged New Haven’s fully funded PILOT reimbursementat $10.3 million for fiscal year 2014, according to a spreadsheet of town-by-town state PILOT fundSEE PILOT FUNDING PAGE 6

ALEXANDRA SCHMELING/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Students feel that the price point for most stores leased under University Properties on Chapel and Broadway is too high.

BY J.R. REED STAFF REPORTER As rumors swirl around which store will set up shop at 1 Broadway Avenue, students are hoping that the new business will not mirror the high price points of many of the other stores near campus along Chapel Street and in the Broadway Shopping District.

Following the real estate crisis of the late 1980s, the University bought storefronts along Chapel Street and Broadway — two of the

highest traffic streets in New Haven.

When Richard Levin became President of the University in 1993, the administration made a decision to revamp the retail district in downtown New Haven near Yale’s campus, while extending the length of the business day by requiring many stores in these areas to stay open until 9 p.m. The University did this in an effort to rid the streets around campus of what they considered “bottom end establishments,” said Douglas Rae, a School of Management professor, who added that 25

years ago 1 Broadway was a “horrendous bar with people being thrown through windows every once in a while.”

The University has been successful in changing the culture of the stores around campus, gaining nearly complete control of the real estate along Chapel and Broadway by the mid-1990s. However, students interviewed contended that these key shopping areas provide little variety and too many overly SEE RETAIL PAGE 6

PAGE 2

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

OPINION

.COMMENT “Your first job as a Yalie is to be a student.” yaledailynews.com/opinion

'UNDERGRAD_14' ON 'STUDENT-ATHLETES RECONSIDERED'

Against narrow Beyond black representation feminism GUEST COLUMNIST ESHE SHERLEY

R

efreshingly, feminism has been in the news at Yale lately — and not in response to any outbreak of misogyny or instance of sexual assault, but rather as a topic deserving discussion beyond responses to the latest injustice. Yale’s sixth annual Women in Leadership Conference brought a range of speakers and female leaders to campus on Saturday; the last issue of the News’ magazine contained an insightful exploration of our associations with the word “feminist”; and weekly “Lean In” circles have come to Yale.

These circles, and the book for which they are named, have been met with a fair measure of on-campus criticisms.

I was a little taken aback at the notion that there might be something controversial about weekly gatherings where participants (men as well as women!) discuss how women can achieve professional success.

Still, noted feminist author and thinker bell hooks recently wrote an op-ed taking issue with Sandberg’s philosophy, and many students have picked up her criticism. These criticisms tend to come in two ultimately problematic forms.

First, critics argue that Sandberg’s book and the larger Lean In movement offer lessons only for a homogenous group of women — educated, affluent, white, straight and pre-professional. This complaint seems to me to be missing the point. Sandberg never claims to speak comprehensively for all women. The people who stand to gain the most from a corporate executive’s career advice are not the most diverse group of women. They may not be exclusively white or straight, but most of them are well-educated and either affluent or poised to be so.

Such women are undoubtedly better off than millions of other women (and men) in America and around the world. But it is also undoubtedly the case that even elite women face significant obstacles to professional success.

A cursory glance at the gender composition of Congress, academia or America’s business executives confirms this.

When Sandberg’s critics say that advancing elite women is “bad feminism,” they unfairly turn feminism into a zero-sum game, whereby success for some women can only come at others’ expense.

This zero-sum game appears false on its face; in fact, it seems to me that the success of elite women will help increase opportunities for all women. Elite women should not gain support at the expense of economically disadvantaged women, but I don’t

understand why feminist action on multiple fronts can’t be possible.

A second — and, in my mind, HARRY more reaLARSON sonable — complaint Nothing in about Sandberg’s book Particular is that its logic is one that blames the victim. Even in its title, the book seems to imply that female struggles in the corporate world are a result of their lack of perseverance, rather than a symptom of systemic inequality and discrimination.

This sort of criticism cannot be rejected on its face. The tendency to blame the victim rather than address underlying injustices is one we see all too often — victims of sexual assault, for example, are frequently made to feel somehow responsible for the violence that has been committed against them.

A DEFENSE OF WHY WOMEN SHOULD LEAN IN

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NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT

with their diverse allies, which include other races, religions and sexual orientations, are all equally present in this thing we call black history.

And so from this perspective, Black History Month becomes a lot more than a perfunctory exercise in representation and diversity. It becomes about who we value as a community, and by extension, how we decide who we are. Do we want to strive to be the community that systematically divests from communities of color, devalues black bodies and then constructs cultural narratives that blame the oppressed?

Or do we want to be the community that puts the necessary resources into supporting true economic justice, values all lives and does not blame the survivors of violence for what they’ve gone through?

I want to be a part of the second community, but we’ll need a balanced and equitable understanding of our collective past to help us do it.

ESHE SHERLEY is a sophomore in Timothy Dwight College. Contact her at eshe.sherley@yale.edu .

A justice visits

HARRY LARSON is a senior in Jonathan Edwards College. His columns run on alternate Tuesdays.

Contact him at harry.larson@yale.edu .

THIS ISSUE COPY STAFF: Eva Landsberg, Sarah Sutphin PRODUCTION STAFF: Sammy Bensinger, Renee Bollier, Emma Fredwall, Olivia Hamel PRODUCTION ASSISTANT: Ihna Mangundayao EDITORIALS & ADS

be seen if our stories and presence were valued equally. We wouldn’t have to fight so hard to assert our value as human beings if this society valued the lives of boys like Trayvon Martin and transgender woman Duanna Johnson.

We wouldn’t have had to fight so long for a mere 28 days if our stories held their rightful place in the mainstream narrative of this country.

At its core, black history is American history. So while it is important to recognize the particular value of black history month to descendants of the Diaspora living in the United States, black history is not only relevant to all of us, but also highly intersectional.

When we uncover the complex history of the civil rights movement, we will not only find the story of Martin Luther King Jr. but also of black gay men like Bayard Rustin and of women like Ella Baker. We will find stories of courageous and respectful allies from the work done by Morris Dees and Rabbi Joshua Heschel. This holds true throughout history. Blacks — including queer black people, disabled black people, black women, black transgender folks — along

And yet, I question this logic when it is applied to Sandberg’s advice on professional success. I can’t help but compare it to arguments that hold we should give up on improving the quality of teaching in failing schools because the root problem lies not with the teachers, but rather with poverty and its deleterious effect on academic achievement.

Even as we advocate for systemic progress, we can still push individuals to their highest potentials within an unjust system.

Sexism persists in the corporate world today; we can and should have a direct conversation about how to change that.

But waiting for that change to materialize without talking about female professional success is simply a recipe for perpetuating the status quo.

Leaning in won’t end sexism. It probably won’t help the vast majority of women. But if Sandberg’s experience and wisdom can help some women — many of them, perhaps, current Yale students — then that’s a cause for celebration, not critique.

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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Daniel Weiner

viduals, a black community and an American community, to construct our identities. Videos like Coca-Cola’s Super Bowl ad, which portrayed people of different ethnicities with “America the Beautiful” in the background, highlight both how far we’ve come and how far our narratives as black people are out of our hands. But while it is important that we are now at least seen in mainstream spaces, we are shown in ways that often simplify our character. Almost 150 years after the end of slavery, we still have not been able to fully wrest control back over our history — or even, in many cases, our current state of being. This is a better marker of where we stand in terms of our freedom in this country than these Super Bowl ads showcasing our diversity.

At the end of the day, the need for Black History Month comes back to the historical and continued oppression of black people both in this country and elsewhere. We wouldn’t need to work so hard to celebrate our history if it were not devalued and erased.

We wouldn’t have to spend so much time struggling merely to

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EDITOR IN CHIEF Julia Zorthian

A

lot of people, some black folks included, think Black History Month is a lot like Coca-Cola’s America the Beautiful Super Bowl commercial. Consider it a kind of exercise in diversity visuals: If we show more black faces for 28 days and tell the same simplistic stories of MLK and Rosa Parks, we will have done our duty and can move on.

Representation is powerful, but ultimately what we want is to be equally valued by a society that currently erases many of the contributions and experiences of black people and other people of color. Black History Month is certainly not a transformative solution, but if, as a community, we all take this month seriously — use it as a time to reflect, learn and grow — then I think it can be a powerful stepping stone to the more tangible and foundational solutions our community desperately needs.

So while seeing more black people on our screens and in our classrooms is important, it’s not the point. And allowing this month to be framed that way trivializes a celebration that is, to me, really about the historical building blocks we have as black indi-

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COPYRIGHT 2013 — VOL. CXXXVI, NO. 79

I

Summer stranded

t was my Yale interviewer who first advised me against doing a semester abroad. He explained to me with a sort of fervent nostalgia how incredible his eight semesters were at Yale, how quickly they went by and how imprudent it would be to miss out on any one of them.

He instructed me instead to take advantage of Yale’s summer session courses abroad, to experience travel without having to pass up a semester at Yale.

After three semesters at Yale, I could not agree more with this view, and it is clear that the majority of the student body — with the exception of a few outliers — shares this outlook. There is a very small culture of study abroad at Yale; as the University provides so many incredible opportunities and experiences on campus, it seems foolish to limit our time here.

Much more emphasis is placed on going on summer abroad programs, just as my interviewer had mentioned. But the resources to fund students on these programs are severely limited.

Yale’s instills in us an excitement about these summer abroad programs from the very beginning. I remember my tour guide at Yale just returning from a European country and raving about

the wonders of her summer abroad courses.

I especially remember her exclaiming how Yale paid for her whole ALLY trip, which, DANIELS as she said, is very common Taking the among the student body.

Back Ally She boasted an image of Yale that throws money at its students without hesitation.

Last year, as a freshman, it was my first summer having to figure out real plans and, having heard such wonderful things about the summer programs, I decided to apply. The notion that everybody at Yale went on these summer programs left me neglectful of the cost — but it wasn’t until after I was accepted that I was faced with the $12,000 price tag.

I had thought that if everybody went on these trips, they could not be that expensive. If these programs are the norm at a place of such socioeconomic diversity, they have to be reasonably priced.

My parents were unwilling to pay that cost. And I, without a job, could barely make a dent in

the price with all of the money in my bank account. I was told that if I had figured it out earlier, I would have been eligible to receive Yale’s generous funding.

But, once again, I was disappointed to find that the funding was, in fact, not generous.

Yale’s main source of funding is called the International Summer Award (ISA) that provides a stipend for one summer experience abroad for undergraduate students. Eligible students are given up to $10,000. Among other eligibility requirements, students must be receiving financial aid from Yale in order to receive the ISA. The ISA is an incredible grant that provides remarkable opportunities to hundreds of students each year; however, 45 percent of Yale’s student population is not on financial aid, and thus remains ineligible. Beyond the ISA, there are very few other options, all of which have very specific criteria. There is a grant that funds Yalies to “to develop a deeper appreciation for the land of Israel and for their identity as Jews”; another supports “Yale students of exceptional promise to study Chinese, Japanese or Korean at specifically approved sites”; one of them funds students to study a foreign language, the only lim-

itation being they must be proficient in “Arabic, Swahili, Yoruba or Zulu.”

The most general fellowship, the Tristan Perlroth Prize, awards up to $4,000 to students studying abroad and favors Calhoun students, students proficient in a foreign language and international studies majors.

Even if one were lucky enough to be awarded this prize, she would still be left with two-thirds of the initial cost.

Yale’s funding for students on financial aid is incredible, but there are a lot of students who are not on financial aid and are still unable — or unwilling — to pay $12,000 for a summer program.

Specifically, this leaves the middle class, those students whose families are able to pay for necessities, like an education, but not indulgences, like summer travel, stranded without any options.

I do not feel entitled to studying abroad, but I came to Yale with the belief that the University provides equal opportunities to all of its students. As long as summer program funding remains scarce, Yale cannot flaunt its reputation as the great equalizer.

ALLY DANIELS is a sophomore in Berkeley College. Contact her at alexandra.daniels@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 3

NEWS

“The City is what it is because our citizens are what they are.” PLATO GREEK PHILOSOPHER

CORRECTIONS MON, FEB. 3

Activists call for retrials

The article “Monuments Men creator commends Yale” incorrectly states that the film stars Leonardo DiCaprio.

The article “Yale gains new data access” incorrectly stated that the agreement between Johnson & Johnson and YODA had been reached on the week of January 26th. In fact, the agreement was announced last week, but was completed on January 6th.

Harp outlines state of the city

BY ISAAC STANLEY-BECKER STAFF REPORTER One month into her tenure as mayor, Toni Harp delivered the annual state of the city address Monday, highlighting transportation and education amid an exhaustive list of services she said make New Haven “poised” for success.

In a lengthy speech before the Board of Alders and the public, Harp said her 34 days in office thus far have illuminated the many facets of city government on which residents depend. She pledged to enforce results-based accountability, holding city departments to rigorous standards of quantifiable improvements as they prepare budgets this spring.

“My mantra for city government is this: If we can’t measure it, we can’t manage it,” Harp said, adding that she views government not as a business — as is conventional — but as a “service organization, working to provide … equal protection and equal opportunity for those in its jurisdiction.”

To that end, Harp zeroed in on transportation, which has emerged as a major focus of her administration. To solidify New Haven’s place as the “great small city” between New York and Boston, the city must improve its ability to move residents both within and beyond New Haven, Harp said.

She pledged to lobby for additional flights out of Tweed Airport, including to Florida, Washington and Chicago — which she said should be realized within two years. She also praised the planned redevelopment of Union Station, in particular the opening of a second garage to facilitate the commute to New York and around the region.

Within the city, more buses and more expansive routes are critical to ensuring residents have access to the jobs and opportunities around them, she said.

“Adequate transportation is an economic and civil rights issue — I will not let buses and those who ride them be left behind,” Harp said.

She paid tribute to the daysold tenure of Doug Hausladen ’04, the city’s new director of transportation, traffic and parking. With new leadership, Harp said, the transit department is poised to make streets safer and more accessible to drivers, bikers and pedestrians alike. Hausladen, who left the Board of Alders to join the administration, said he is already investigating low-cost traffic-calming mea-

sures. He added that he is looking to transit examples in Philadelphia and New York.

Harp also singled out Migdalia Castro, another former alder and the city’s new director of elderly services; Harp said she wants to expand the number of city senior centers from three to five.

Harp pledged continued focus on education, the principal legacy of her predecessor, former Mayor John DeStefano Jr. Engaging the city’s youth also depends on a host of related services, including spaces such as the Dixwell Community “Q” House which has been closed since 2003. Ward 28 Alder Claudette Robinson-Thorpe said after the address that she would have liked to have seen Harp pledge to work to reopen the shuttered Goffe Street Armory as well.

Economic development, Harp said, depends on ongoing construction projects and further growth along major arterials in the city: Whalley, Grand and Dixwell Avenues. She cited 100 College Street, under construction as part of the city’s Downtown Crossing project, as an example of development that connects the downtown to other neighborhoods while providing residents with vital construction jobs. She shared the story of one iron worker — Irmalee Roberts, a recent graduate of the Construction Workforce Initiative — and her daughter, both of whom hope to work on the College Street site, Harp said.

Speaking in the alders’ chamber of City Hall, Harp underscored her commitment to working collaboratively with the city’s legislative branch.

“You all know I served on this board, and I do feel very comfortable here among you,” Harp said. “Likewise, you all know that until recently, I served in the state Senate for an extended period. As a result, I have high regard and profound respect for the relationship between legislative and executive branches of government.”

Harp concluded by noting the city’s growing cultural diversity, or what Ward 25 Alder Adam Marchand GRD ’99 described as “the changing face of New Haven.” Harp said New Haven’s Latino population has increased by more than one-third since the turn of the 20th century. The result is a vibrant melting pot of backgrounds and ideas, she said.

Harp was sworn in as New Haven’s 20th mayor on Jan 1.

Contact ISAAC STANLEYBECKER at isaac.stanley-becker@yale.edu .

ISAAC STANLEY-BECKER/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Mayor Toni Harp asserted that she would continue to work to improve transportation in New Haven.

SEBASTIAN MEDINA-TAYAC/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Edgar Javier Marin, who was charged and convicted for assaulting an East Haven police officer two years ago, may face deportation.

BY SEBASTIAN MEDINA-TAYAC STAFF REPORTER On Thursday, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officers detained and may soon deport Edgar Javier Marin, an East Haven resident of 13 years with an authorized work permit, prompting an outcry from immigrant advocacy organizations throughout the state who began a campaign to keep him in the country.

Marin first came to the attention of ICE officials after a violent encounter with former East Haven police officer Dennis Spaulding two years ago. Though witnesses at the time said Spaulding beat and tased Marin, Marin was subsequently charged and convicted for assaulting a police officer, for which he was sentenced to two years’ probation. Since Marin is not yet a citizen, his conviction also gave the ICE grounds to deport him.

However, last week, Spaulding was sentenced to five years in prison for abusing Latino East Haven residents and pressing false charges to cover up his misconduct. In light of Spaulding’s conviction some are fighting to clear the names of residents like Marin who Spaulding targeted.

Regional immigration activists from East Haven, New Haven, Bridgeport, Stamford and other towns convened with Marin’s friends and family members to demonstrate against his deportation at East Haven town hall on Monday afternoon. They called for Marin’s release

from ICE detainment and for the charges Spaulding brought against his victims, who were almost exclusively Latino, to be dropped.

“Javier is not a criminal; he is an innocent man, a father, a husband, and a friend,” said Bianca Torres, Marin’s wife and mother of his six-year-old son.

“This is not just for me, this is for everyone bullied and abused by East Haven police. I’m asking for your support to help me clear his record.”

Marin was one of the many Latino East Haven residents who came forward during Spaulding’s trial to testify against him.

Witnesses who saw the arrest take place in 2011, including two of his cousins, said Spaulding beat and tased Marin after he asked the officer if he could recover his tools from his car, which was being towed after his wife had an accident.

“There should be protection for the people who came forward against this injustice,” said Merlhy Gutierrez, a supporter at the rally. “The officer in question is guilty, so why is Edgar being punished? There should be retrials.”

Marin is a legal resident who came to the US thirteen years ago at age 18 to live with his mother. He worked full time and volunteered with local Latino advocacy organizations Junta for Progressive Action and La Unidad Latina en Accion.

When Spaulding brought charges against him, Marin accepted a plea bargain under the guidance of a public defender.

Elliot Friedman LAW ’15, who has been working with Marin through the Legal Services for Immigrant Communities clinic at the Yale Law School, said Marin felt like he had no choice but to accept the deal and plead guilty, and that at the time it was not the wrong move to make because it was unclear whether Spaulding would be convicted.

“When it’s your word against the police’s word, the court will always side with the police,” added La Unidad Latina en Accion organizer John Lugo. “Two years on probation sounds a lot better than up to ten years in prison.”

Because Marin was convicted of an “aggravated felony,” he is subject to immediate deportation. Activists are fighting for ICE to grant Marin a “stay of removal,” a one-year period of safety from deportation, to give the activists time to challenge the convictions of other individuals whom Spaulding targeted.

On Thursday morning, ICE agents came to the car dealership at which Marin works and took him to a detainment center in Greenfield, MA. Lugo said Monday’s demonstration is just the beginning of what will be a long and difficult fight to reunite Marin with his family and to bring justice to Spaulding’s other victims.

ICE deported 368,644 unauthorized immigrants in 2013.

Contact SEBASTIAN MEDINA-TAYAC at sebastian.medina-tayac@yale.edu.

Yale alumni service expands

BY AUDREY LUO CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Based on the success of its first domestic service trip last year to West Virginia to help high school students from underserved areas in their college search, Yale Alumni Service Corps (YASC) is now in the process of expanding its program in the United States.

YASC — which started as a service opportunity for alumni, families and friends in 2008 — has organized mission trips to international locations including Nicaragua, Ghana, China, Mexico and the Dominican Republic. Alumni and student volunteers engage in projects such as teaching local women about domestic violence and self-defense and bringing medical equipment to treat cervical cancer and kidney failure. The service trips not only allow alumni and undergraduates to develop relationships with each country’s local population, but also with one another. Professions of alumni volunteers include movie producers, judges, educators and business experts. Now, YASC is turning its eye toward programs within America.

Last year, YASC collaborated with College Summit, an organization founded by Yale-Jefferson Public Service Award winner J.B. Schramm ’86 that works with high school students from underserved areas to mentor them in their college search and application process. The trip sold out within 24 hours of opening registration.

“We hadn’t been able to find a good ground partner in the U.S. until we partnered with College Summit. It was an extremely popular and successful trip, and we are expanding this year to go back to West Virginia and add California

and potentially New Haven for 2014,” said Constance Spencer, chair of YASC and the producer and leader of several YASC programs.

Within the program, 30 writing coaches and 10 college counselors were trained to mentor high school students.

Volunteers lived in college dorms during the four-day program. Each volunteer worked with a small group of students to evaluate their personal situations to find a best-fit college and encourage them to seek available educational resources.

But challenges to expanding the domestic program include establishing strategic locations that have connections with Yale, as well as keeping the program costs affordable. College Summit, one of the organizations to which President Barack Obama donated his Nobel Peace Prize, offers free housing for volunteers. If a domestic program were costly, according to Spencer, volunteers would rather go to an international location.

Former volunteers expressed gratitude for their inspiring experiences on YASC’s mission trips. Natalia Khosla ’14 volunteered in the poverty-stricken village of Trohilo, Nicaragua last spring break with a medical group, and later on a different trip led activities including hosting a series of dance workshops.

According to Khosla, one of her favorite parts of volunteering was connecting with alumni, fellow students and the local population.

“In one of our trips, there was a little girl about eleven years old who walked five kilometers from her home by herself. She thought she wanted to become a doctor, and wanted to see if someone in our group could help her achieve her dream,” Spencer said.

Timothy Harkness ’87 volunteered in Nicaragua and the Dominican Republic with his son and even kept a blog of his experiences.

Harkness called the experience “transformative.”

“The people we met and were serving were really inspirational. They had hard lives but they still are upbeat and are trying to support their family,” he said.

Roughly one-third of YASC’s volunteers are returning volunteers, and those who took international service trips have expressed their enthusiasm for the domestic program. Emily Chen, a Rutgers University junior and previous YASC volunteer, said that because her college application process was important to her, she wanted high school students from marginalized backgrounds to have the same opportunities.

Khosla mentioned that domestic volunteer service trips are an excellent idea because it is a common misconception that help is only needed in remote locations far from home.

Yale undergraduates interviewed were generally not aware of YASC’s service trips. One student said she would be interested if there were domestic trips available in New Haven, and another commented favorably on the duration of the program, which is long enough to make an impact on high school students but short enough to have time over spring and summer break to engage in other activities.

YASC service trips are open to both alumni and undergraduate students and have opened registration for their trips to Nicaragua and India.

Contact AUDREY LUO at audrey.luo@yale. edu .

PAGE 4

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“As a remedy to life in society I would suggest the big city. Nowadays, it is the only desert within our means.” ALBERT CAMUS FRENCH AUTHOR

Report details sexual misconduct complaints rent report,” University Title IX Coordinator and Deputy Provost Stephanie Spangler said in an email to the News. “The range of behaviors underlying the complaints suggests a broader awareness of our procedures and standards. However, the level of reporting still falls substantially below the incidence of sexual assault reported in national surveys — underscoring that our collective focus should be on the work we have yet to do.”

The previous report, which covered the period between Jan. 1 and June 30, included updates on four cases involving undergraduate allegations of nonconsensual sex. The formal UWC committee found sufficient evidence in each case that the respondent engaged in nonconsensual sexual activity with the complainant.

Though one respondent was suspended, one was placed on probation and two were given written reprimands, none were expelled. In the aftermath, members of the Yale community criticized the lack of disciplinary action for perpetrators of sexual assaults.

As a result, last September, administrators detailed three hypothetical scenarios involving nonconsensual sex that would result in expulsion. Spangler said the scenarios illustrated how the UWC applies the University’s definition of consent “to make findings and recommend discipline in cases involving a range of behaviors where agreement is not positive, voluntary and unambiguous throughout a sexual encounter.”

Chief Communications Officer Elizabeth Stauderman said the University is trying to create standards for the Yale community that are much higher than

for the general public.

“No other university puts out this comprehensive [of a] report,” said UWC Chair and Philosophy Professor Michael Della Rocca. “This is actually distinctive in North American academic settings.”

Stauderman said other universities have asked for access to Yale’s scenarios on sexual misconduct, adding that she hopes the report will increase awareness in the Yale community of the procedures available to address sexual misconduct and build a culture of respect and responsibility on campus.

Spangler said the current report involves more specific descriptions of complaints than in previous reports. She and other administrators added that this increased detail, along with hyperlinks to key terms and “frequently asked questions,” and more charts presenting statistics in different ways, is meant to make the report more accessible to readers.

According to the report, one case involved a female undergraduate alleging that a male undergraduate made “unwanted advances and engaged in touching of a sexual nature without her consent.” The UWC found evidence supporting the allegations and the respondent received a two-term suspension, mandatory sexual consent training and prohibition from contacting the complainant.

In another case, which was previously brought before the UWC and updated in the Monday report, a Title IX coordinator brought forward a formal complaint against a male Yale faculty member alleging that he had sexually harassed a female postdoctoral associate. Another faculty member brought forward a related complaint against the same respondent. The UWC found evidence to substanti-

ate the claim of sexual harassment, and as a result, the male faculty member was suspended from his leadership position and is required to complete harassment prevention training.

Four students interviewed said they approved of the University’s work to change campus culture, but it still has a ways to go.

“I know, from national statistics and from my own experience at Yale, that sexual misconduct is always happening at disturbingly high rates, but is rarely reported,” said Hannah Slater ’13 SPH ’14, founding member of Students Against Sexual Violence at Yale and former co-director of the Sexual Literacy Forum. “An increase in reporting is great news, and Students Against Sexual Violence at Yale is continuing to push the administration to further improve the reporting and response system.”

Matt Breuer ’14, a Community and Consent Educator (CCE), said the increase in complaints indicates that more people are using University resources to report sexual misconduct. He believes the University is committed to closing the gap between the number of incidences and the number of reported incidences, he said.

“Underreporting is not unique to us,” said Assistant Dean of Student Affairs Melanie Boyd ’90. “I think our reporting rates are probably good [compared to other universities].”

She added that national reporting rates of sexual misconduct often fall below 10 percent.

There were 61 complaints listed in the previous report, which was released on July 31.

Contact ADRIAN RODRIGUES at adrian.rodrigues@yale.edu and WESLEY YIIN at wesley.yiin@yale.edu .

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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 5

NEWS

“Outside of a dog, a book is a man’s best friend. Inside of a dog it’s too dark to read.” GROUCHO MARX AMERICAN COMEDIAN

State senate race nears

BY ISAAC STANLEY-BECKER STAFF REPORTER Just over three weeks before he faces off in a special election for Mayor Toni Harp’s old state senate seat, State Rep. Gary Holder-Winfield qualified for public financing Monday, raising $6,000 more than is necessary to win public money.

Holder-Winfield raised a total of $17,532, according to documents filed with the State Elections Enforcement Committee.

His donations — which come from 462 people, 315 of them living in New Haven or West Haven — qualify him for a public grant of $71,250.

Holder-Winfield will compete in a Feb. 25 special election for the seat representing Connecticut’s 10th district — half of New Haven and a portion of West Haven — against Steven Mullins, a West Haven justice of the peace and vice-chairman of the city’s planning and zoning commission. Mullins, a Republican, said he hopes to have raised sufficient funds by Tuesday to qualify him for public financing.

He said he already has donations from more than 225 residents — one of the requirements of the Citizens Election Program — but has not reached the total requisite fundraising floor of $11,250.

Mullins announced his candidacy in mid-January after two other candidates, both Democrats, bowed out. He said he hopes to be the first West Haven resident to represent the 10th senatorial district, where Democrats vastly outnumber Republicans.

“West Haven has been the ignored stepchild of the district,” Mullins said. “We rarely saw Senator Harp. I feel it’s going to be the same way for Holder-Winfield.”

Holder-Winfield, who has represented the state’s 94th

Assembly District for five years, said ability to reach constituents in West Haven will not be hampered by the location of his residence. He said he has learned to balance the interests of diverse neighborhoods within New Haven as a state representative, and that knocking doors and spending time in West Haven will foster connections in the neighboring city as well.

Now that he has qualified for public financing, Holder-Winfield said he will devote his time to connecting with voters. He received the endorsement of the Democratic Town Committee on Jan. 17 and has drawn the support of a broad swath of Democratic leaders in New Haven and across the state.

Holder-Winfield’s donations came from numerous colleagues in Hartford, including State Senate Majority Leader Martin Looney and State Reps.

Toni Walker and Roland Lemar.

A handful of New Haven alders also opened their pocketbooks; Ward 1 Alder Sarah Eidelson ’12 contributed $5. Holder-Winfield also drew financial support from UNITE HERE staffers, including Local 34 President Laurie Kennington ’01 and organizer Gwen Mills.

Justin Elicker FES ’10 SOM ’10, who ran against Harp for mayor last year, contributed $5.

Holder-Winfield, himself a former candidate for mayor, drew donations from prominent supporters of diverse candidates in last year’s mayoral race.

Mullins said the majority of his donors are Democrats who “care more about their pocketbook than party label.” He said he hopes to make the race about a single issue: taxes. He said residents are on the verge of leaving Connecticut to escape cripplingly high taxes, particularly following the record $1.5 billion tax increase in the state’s 2011

budget. “[Connecticut Gov. Dannel] Malloy does not need another tax-and-spend ally in Hartford,” Mullins said. “That’s what he’ll get with Holder-Winfield. It’s more of the same.”

Mullins said he would work to lower taxes by reducing “unnecessary spending,” adding that he does not “have answers for everything yet.”

Holder-Winfield said it is impossible to talk about spending cuts in the abstract.

“What specifically are you going to cut?” he said. “And what impact will that have on people’s lives?”

Holder-Winfield said providing residents with good jobs is his foremost priority. Ensuring that people have salaries that enable them to buy goods is the best way to boost business, he added.

Richter Elser ’81, chair of New Haven’s Republican Town Committee, said he sees Mullins’ candidacy as a sign that Republicans, despite being outnumbered, are seeking greater involvement in state politics.

He said raising awareness that there is a Republican presence in many urban areas will benefit the gubernatorial prospects of Republican Tom Foley, who announced last week that he will seek the governor’s office this fall.

Nicholas Ruickoldt, a Democratic member of the West Haven City Council, said he supports the prospect of a West Haven resident representing the 10th district — but declined to issue an endorsement due to limited knowledge of the race.

Harp, who vacated the seat in January to assume her mayoral duties, had held it since 1993.

Contact ISAAC STANLEYBECKER at isaac.stanley-becker@yale.edu .

Yale Bookstore grapples with textbook rush

KATHRYN CRANDALL/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

The Yale Bookstore combated last semester’s crowds by hiring additional staff members, but failed to keep books in stock through shopping period.

BY ERICA PANDEY STAFF REPORTER Though students saw shorter lines at the Yale Bookstore this semester than in the fall, many struggled with books selling out just days after the beginning of the term.

The introduction of the textbook rental program in fall 2012 made the bookstore more appealing to many students who used to buy textbooks online to save money, according to store managers. As a result, the store — which sees its largest crowds in the first few weeks of each semester as students rush to buy textbooks for courses they take in shopping period — has seen greater demand in the past two years.

To prepare for the crowd of students this semester, the bookstore hired and trained additional staff members. But the speed and volume of textbook shipments themselves still lagged behind student demand, leaving some students to face sold-out shelves.

Yale Bookstore Store Manager Joseph King said the store was sufficiently staffed for the spring rush, but admitted it was understocked at times.

“The lines weren’t that bad this time,” he said. “But because of the shopping period, people start out buying a lot.”

Students often rent or buy materials for an abundance of classes during shopping week to keep up with all courses, so the true demand for certain course texts is hard to determine. Overall, many Yale students noticed quicker, smaller lines at the register this term than in past years.

Linda Oh ’17 said she noticed that buying textbooks and supplies was “a lot less crazy and more streamlined” than in the fall semester.

According to King, some textbooks are brought back to the store within the two-week time frame allotted by the bookstore to its patrons for returns, while others sell out immediately. The bookstore enters a reorder phase as soon as it hears from students about sold-out books.

Yuki Hayashi ’17, who is enrolled in “Biochemistry and Biophysics,” said many other students in the lecture had trouble buying the textbook for the class. The bookstore’s stock was depleted by the end of shopping period —

Interested in illustrating for the Yale Daily News?

CONTACT KAREN TIAN AT karen.tian@yale.edu

so the store was only offering the e-book version when many went to buy the physical book.

The course’s professors tried to address the problem by making scanned readings available online.

“I ordered my bio textbook beforehand on Amazon,” Hayashi said. “But I kept hearing about other people having issues for the first couple of weeks. People only had access to the scanned readings to do homework.”

Some of the increased demand at the bookstore may be attributed to the bookstore’s relatively new rental program, King suggested. The program — which offers students the option to take home textbooks at cheaper prices than the ones listed for new and used books, provided that they give a credit card number for security and return the book at the end of the term — has grown quickly since its institution and become a popular option.

I ordered my bio textbook beforehand on Amazon, but I kept hearing about other people having issues for the first couple of weeks.

YUKI HAYASHI ’17 For students looking to save money, the program offers an attractive deal. Olivia Pollak ’16 said that she likes the rental program because it is both cost-effective and environmentally friendly.

“Future students can rent them after,” Pollak said. “Which is preferable to having them take up space on my bookshelf.”

But, Pollak said, the option to rent could potentially be made even cheaper. According to King, some textbooks at the store may be rented at more of a discount than others, depending on the text in question.

The bookstore has returned to off-peak staffing since the end of shopping period.

Contact ERICA PANDEY at erica.pandey@yale.edu .

PAGE 6

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT Alders call upon CT to approve PILOT

ISAAC STANLEY-BECKER/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The Board of Aldermen is currently pushing to receive additional funding for the city from the Connecticut state government.

PILOT FUNDING FROM PAGE 1 ing obtained by the News. The actual payment for 2014 is just over $5 million, it reported.

Responding to the Board of Alders’ resolution at an unrelated press conference Sunday, Connecticut Lieutenant Gov. Nancy Wyman said the state would like to work toward the full agreed-upon reimbursement. The state lacks funds to meet that goal this year, she said.

A dozen alders joined Stratton as co-sponsors of the resolution, including Board President Jorge Perez. It won unanimous approval from the 27 lawmakers present at Monday night’s meeting, who voted on a substitute amendment from Ward 25 Alder Adam Marchand GRD ’99. The amendment toned down some of the language in the original proposition.

“This is an item for consensus, not aggression,” said Ward 26 Alder Darryl Brackeen.

“We are due this funding, and I believe that through collaboration and teamwork that we can get this done and work along with the [New Haven] delegation.”

The Board’s resolution is just one part of Stratton’s two-pronged approach to getting the state to send more money to New Haven.

Stratton has also devised a lobbying strategy to win over state legislators critical to the fate of PILOT funding. He has personally hired lobbyist Bob Shea, a West Hartford lawyer, to enlist allies and win over skeptics in Hartford.

State Rep. Pat Widlitz, the House chair of the Finance, Revenue and Bonding Committee, is a critical vote, Stratton said. State Rep. Roland Lemar, the committee’s vice chair who represents a portion of New Haven, will be a major asset, Stratton added. He also spe-

cifically mentioned State Sen. Joe Crisco and Brendan Sharkey, the speaker of the House, as crucial legislators to court.

One idea Shea will float with state lawmakers is creating a regional board with representatives from towns surrounding New Haven to oversee how the city spends a small proportion of PILOT funding, Stratton said, thus providing for regional cooperation and ensuring that the money also benefits neighboring areas.

Rebecca Bombero, the city’s acting parks director and a legislative liaison for Mayor Toni Harp, said the administration is supportive of full PILOT funding but declined comment on the specific resolution passed by the Board. Bombero said Harp is continuously involved in pushing the state to pay the city its due.

Stratton said the state has sought to substitute PILOT payments for piecemeal “pet projects” — dispensing cash into programs of its choice rather than giving autonomy to New Haven. The city is best situated to allocate its own money, he added, and is already paying the price for programs that benefit the entire state: universities, museums, churches and other tax-exempt entities.

“Stop telling us we’re mishandling our funds,” Stratton said. “We’re taking care of all of New Haven’s homeless, all of New Haven’s returned citizens, all of the special needs children … the state is killing taxpayers and making people leave this state.”

The resolution further calls for public hearings to gather testimony about the effect of reduced PILOT funding on New Haven residents.

Contact ISAAC STANLEY-BECKER at isaac.stanley-becker@yale.edu .

“Judge a man by his questions rather than his answers.” VOLTAIRE FRENCH WRITER

Justice returns to Yale SOTOMAYOR FROM PAGE 1 on the road in New Haven. But she added the Elm City was not the same in the 1970s as it as now, noting how the level of crime often made it difficult to explore the city beyond her Whitney Avenue apartment.

Though Sotomayor graduated from Princeton and went on to Yale Law School, she said both universities had represented an unreachable dream for a student of her background. When an older classmate urged her to apply to the Ivy League, she said her first question was: “What’s that?”

Sotomayor said she chose Princeton over Yale in part because her visit to Yale was filled with post-Vietnam protests and talks of the Cuban Revolution. At the time, Yale felt “too progressive” for her parochial school background, she said.

Although she said she gravitated toward making friends in the Latino community while in college, she urged students to engage with people of different backgrounds and beliefs.

“Use the people you are comfortable with as your safety net,” Sotomayor said. “But do not let them anchor you.”

Sotomayor said adjusting to life at an elite school was difficult. She said she received a C on her first paper because she was unfamiliar with college writing conventions, such as organizing ideas around a common theme. However, through her hard work and the support of a mentor in the Latin American Studies department, she ultimately graduated from Princeton summa cum laude and as a member of Phi Beta Kappa.

Sotomayor said she attributes her success to her competitive nature, which drives her to compete not with others but with her own expectations for herself.

“I don’t take big gulps and then expect to improve things automatically,” Sotomayor said.

“It is that competitive spirit to improve myself step-by-step.”

When asked about her views on affirmative action, Sotomayor said affirmative action as a general principle has carried ideas expressed through the civil rights movement — such as equalizing opportunity and diversifying thought — into higher education.

Sotomayor said she often

spends her time visiting innercity schools and working with admissions committees to speak with high-performing, lowincome students. She added that her academic background was a crucial factor in her nomination as an Associate Justice.

“Without affirmative action, I couldn’t have even participated in the race of a good education,” Sotomayor said. “I didn’t even know there was a race being run.”

Sotomayor said she sometimes struggles to strike a balance between her native roots and her current life, noting that she has changed so much since attending University that returning home can often make her feel “alien.”

Still, Sotomayor said that when President Obama called her to formally nominate her as a Supreme Court Justice, one of the two things he asked was for her stay connected to her community.

She said she replied, “Mr. President, I don’t know how to do anything else.”

Much like her adjustment to college, Sotomayor said that her first year on the bench was marked by constant learning.

Since many of the justices had spent years together, she said she would often have to tap Justice John Paul Stevens during discussions to ask about an unfamiliar term or approach.

Sotomayor said her goal was not to be the smartest sitting judge, but to be a competent one. She added that in her view, her opinions have been getting better — and shorter — with every year.

“I was walking into a continuing conversation,” Sotomayor said. “If I had been unwilling to just show my ignorance, I would have felt lost [for] longer.”

The event was moderated

by Judith Resnik, a professor at the Yale Law School. Secretary and Vice President Kimberly Goff-Crews ’83 LAW ’86, who gave a brief introduction at the beginning of the event, said it was appropriate for Resnik to be moderating the discussion, since Resnik had argued the case that became Sotomayor’s first written opinion for the Court.

Resnik ended the discussion by asking whether Sotomayor had any hesitation in writing her book, which Sotomayor has described as unprecedent-

edly candid. Sotomayor said she was anxious to see how the public and her colleagues would respond, but mainly hoped that the book’s more sensationalist moments, such as when she received Quaaludes — a sedative-hypnotic drug — as a wedding gift, would not overpower the broader story.

Sotomayor also spoke at a second event with Linda Greenhouse LAW ’78 at the Yale Law School auditorium on Monday afternoon.

Students, faculty and New Haven residents interviewed who attended the talk in Woolsey Hall praised Sotomayor’s eloquence and her compelling narrative.

New Haven Mayor Toni Harp ARC ’78 told the News that she enjoyed how Sotomayor used stories to connect with people, a technique she hopes to use in resolving and dealing with issues in the Elm City.

Marta Moret SPH ’84 said Sotomayor’s comments about straddling two different worlds particularly resonated with her, since she and Sotomayor are both of Puerto Rican descent.

In fact, both Moret and Sotomayor grew up on Kelly Street, the same boulevard in the Bronx.

After hearing Sotomayor speak in Washington, D.C., Moret said she invited Sotomayor to visit Yale and stay at the President’s House.

“I told her, ‘Mi casa es su casa,’” Moret said.

Students lined up to take photographs with the Justice and to request autographed copies of her memoir, which was sold outside the event.

Montserrat Legorreta ’15 said the talk helped her realize the importance of helping one’s community and never losing sight of what is important.

Isiah Cruz ’17, who has read Sotomayor’s memoir, said her journey made him recognize that while adversity is difficult, it can be overcome. He added that during the reception following the event, he told Sotomayor that he hopes to clerk for her in the future.

While at Yale Law School, in addition to serving as a managing editor for the Yale Studies in World Public Order, Sotomayor was a bouncer and a bartender at GPSCY bar.

Contact LARRY MILSTEIN at larry.milstein@yale.edu .

Expensive shops out of students’ price range RETAIL FROM PAGE 1 expensive options. Of the 32 University Properties owned shops, five are upscale men’s clothing stores, 10 are boutiques geared to women’s clothing and accessories, five of which classify themselves specifically as jewelry stores. Some of the remaining properties include pricy options like American Apparel and Urban Outfitters, while two focus on beauty products — L’Occitane en Provence and Origins.

Most students interviewed agreed that they rarely, if ever, frequent the stores along Chapel Street and in the Broadway Shopping District. Of 40 interviewed, only 18 had ever shopped at one of the University-owned properties in these areas.

James Lee ’16 and Mieke Scherpbier ’16 both said that they have only have gone to the retail stores, including Origins and J. Press, to purchase gifts for their relatives. Natalina Lopez ’16, who worked at American Apparel last year, said she doesn’t often shop at these stores, also citing the high price points.

“I wish that we had an H&M or a Forever 21 in New Haven, because I think college students need affordable clothing,” Lopez said. “There are other shops out there that have trendy clothing at affordable prices.”

Thomas Aviles ’16 noted the disappointing lack of a pharmacy or general store in either of these shopping districts, adding that he hopes the University will consider putting this type of store at the vacant 1 Broadway location.

Though students interviewed expressed a lack of interest in some of the stores on Chapel and Broadway, those that remember what the streets used to look like

said the area is much safer than it used to be.

“One effect is that Yale students and staff feel safe and comfortable walking in those areas in a way that they didn’t 25 years ago,” Rae said. “They have sought to make the area something of a destination shopping area for people who don’t live right on the perimeter of campus.”

University Properties Assistant Director for New Haven and State Affairs Lauren Zucker said in an email that before leasing a property to a particular business, those at University Properties look to have a “merchandising mix that appeals to students and the entire community.”

“With students gone for five months of the year, our tenants need to appeal to a broader audience in order for their business to thrive,” Zucker said.

Ten managers or owners of stores owned by University Properties said most of their customer base was not Yale students or faculty.

Origins store manager Mindy Matteo, who has worked as manager of Origins for five years, said the store typically only attracts Yalies for certain events, like college nights or store promotions.

“Personally, I think it’s an age thing,” Matteo said. “Students just don’t see the necessity for our beauty products, like an antiaging product.”

Most of the stores in the area said the retail in the area is not geared to students. GANT’s Campus store manager Patrick Harris said the store’s clientele is predominantly young professionals who work in the area, adding that the store’s high price point tends to attract people who are more well-off. GANT has

KATHRYN CRANDALL/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

University Properties owns 32 shops in the area, including five upscale men’s clothing stores and five jewelry stores. been at its current location at the corner of Elm and York for three and a half years.

“I hear students walking by, giving tours, and saying ‘that’s the store that is so expensive,’” Harris said. “But the people that do come in realize that’s not necessarily the case. What still attracts students to the store is the quality and the style — a simple blue or white shirt is going to last someone for their entire stay at Yale.”

Raggs owner Tom Maloney, who has operated the establishment on Chapel Street for 30 years, said that students also typ-

ically come to buy suits, shirts, or shoes in anticipation of interviews or social events. He added that when students do come, the store is usually their second or third choice if they do not find what they are looking for at J. Press or J. Crew.

Some stores, however, said that they do rely on student business.

At Jack Wills, a shop targeted at university outfitters, store manager Caitlin Boyles said that she sees a good number of Yalies shop in the store, adding that four students were on staff in the fall.

Idiom owner Kimberly Pedrick believes that roughly 15 percent of her total revenue comes from students, but admits that the material is geared toward a 30 years or older clientele.

“We do have targeted items that appeal to students, including designers like Michael Stars and Herve Chapelier,” Pedrick said.

“We are trying to get the message out that we have a broader selection and more specialty items than what’s over on Broadway.”

Noah Siegel ’15 said he shops at J. Crew sometimes to buy new clothes, but does not often frequent the other stores in the

Broadway district or along Chapel. Nevertheless, he said it is reassuring to know that those types of stores exist.

“These stores are all very convenient just in case you do need anything,” Siegel said. “Let’s say that I need something for an interview or I need to get a suit tailored, then I would go to a place like J. Press.”

University Properties has over 85 property tenants and has not yet announced a tenant for 1 Broadway.

Contact J.R REED at jonathan.t.reed@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

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NATION

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S NASDAQ 3,996.96, -106.92 S Oil 96.43, -1.06

Firms release data on NSA

BY STEPHEN BRAUN AND MICHAEL LIEDTKE ASSOCIATED PRESS WASHINGTON — Freed by a recent legal deal with government lawyers, major technology firms released new data Monday on how often they are ordered to turn over customer information for secret national security investigations — figures that show that the government collected data on thousands of Americans.

The publications disclosed by Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, Facebook, LinkedIn and Tumblr provided expanded details and some vented criticism about the government’s handling of customers’ Internet data in counter-terrorism and other intelligence-related probes. The figures from 2012 and 2013 showed that companies, such as Google and Microsoft, were compelled by the government to provide information on as many as 10,000 customer accounts in a six-month period.

Yahoo complied with government requests for information on more than 40,000 accounts in the same period.

The companies earlier provided limited information about government requests for data, but a new agreement reached last week with the Obama administration allowed the firms to provide a broadened, though still circumscribed, set of figures to the public.

Seeking to reassure customers and business partners alarmed by revelations about the government’s massive collection of Internet and computer data, the firms stressed details indicating that only small numbers of their customers were targeted by authorities. Still, even those small numbers showed that thousands of Americans were affected by the government requests approved by judges of the secret Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.

The data releases by the five major tech firms offered a mix of dispassionate graphics, reassurances and protests, seeking to alleviate customer concerns about government spying while pressuring national security officials about the companies’ constitutional concerns. The shifting tone in the releases showed the precarious course that major tech firms have had to navigate in

Dow Jones 12,345.67, +89.01

recent months, caught between their public commitments to Internet freedom and their enforced roles as data providers to U.S. spy agencies.

In a company blog post, Microsoft General Counsel Brad Smith scolded the U.S. and allied governments for failing to renounce the reported mass interception of Internet data carried by communications cables. Top lawyers and executives for major tech firms had previously raised alarms about media reports describing that hacking by U.S. and UK spy agencies and cited them during conversations with U.S. officials during President Barack Obama’s internal review of planned changes to the government’s spying operations.

We will continue to advocate for still narrower disclosure ranges.

ERIKA ROTTENBERG LinkedIn’s general cousel.

“Despite the president’s reform efforts and our ability to publish more information, there has not yet been any public commitment by either the U.S. or other governments to renounce the attempted hacking of Internet companies,” Smith said in a Microsoft blog release. Smith added that Microsoft planned to press the government “for more on this point, in collaboration with others across our industry.”

The new figures were released just a week after major tech firms announced a legal agreement with the Justice Department. But lawyers and executive for the companies openly vented their discomfort with the government’s continuing insistence that they could only provide broad ranges instead of the actual numbers of government requests.

The companies said they would press for narrower data ranges that would offer more details. “We will also continue to advocate for still narrower disclosure ranges, which will provide a more accurate picture

of the number of national securityrelated requests,” said Erika Rottenberg, LinkedIn’s general counsel.

A spokesman for the Office of the Director of National Intelligence declined to comment on the companies’ releases and comments. The spokesman pointed to a late January statement by DNI James Clapper and Attorney General Eric Holder that said the agreement would allow the firms to “disclose more information than ever before to their customers.”

Google and all the other companies denied that they gave any government unfettered access to their users’ info. The companies are worried more people will reduce their online activities if they believe almost everything they do is being monitored by the government. A decline in Web surfing could hurt the companies financially by giving them fewer opportunities to show online ads and sell other services.

The companies can only reveal how many total requests they receive every six months, with the numbers in groupings of 1,000. And even those general numbers must be concealed for at least six months after any reporting period ends. That restriction means the FISA requests for the final half of last year can’t be shared until July, at the earliest.

The data coming out Monday indicated the U.S. government is digging deeper into the Internet as people spend more time online.

Most of the companies showed the number of government requests fell between 0 and 999 for each six-month period. But the numbers of customers affected by those searches ranged more widely.

Google, for instance, has seen the number of people affected by FISA court orders rise from 2,000 to 2,999 users during the first half of 2009 to between 9,000 and 9,999 users during the first half of last year. The company showed an unusual spike in the number of Americans whose data was collected between July and December 2012.

During that period, metadata was collected from between 12,000 and 12,999 users. Under the restrictions imposed by the government, no explanation was provided for that anomaly.

S S&P 500 1,741.89, -40.70 T T

10-yr. Bond 2.58, -0.08 Euro $1.35, +0.00

Christie to field questions for 1st time in weeks

MEL EVANS/ASSOCIATED PRESS

New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie sits in a studio during his radio program, “Ask the Governor” broadcast on NJ 101.5, Monday, Feb. 3, in Ewing, N.J.

BY ANGELA DELLI SANTI AND GEOFF MULVIHILL ASSOCIATED PRESS TRENTON, N.J. — Gov. Chris Christie on Monday prepared to take questions for the first time in more than three weeks as his campaign sought to exceed New Jersey’s election spending cap to pay for lawyers dealing with subpoenas stemming from a political payback scandal.

Christie gave a nearly two-hour news conference Jan. 9, the day after emails were made public showing that at least one of his top aides had a role in a trafficblocking scheme near the George Washington Bridge. Since then, he has made public appearances but not opened himself to questions, except to schoolchildren in Camden.

On Monday night, he was scheduled to appear on his “Ask the Governor” radio show on Townsquare Media, although it was not clear how much time would be given to questions on the scandal.

A special legislative investigative committee said Monday it had begun receiving documents it requested in response to 20 subpoenas it issued last month. It’s trying to unravel how high up Christie’s chain of command a lane closing order went in September and whether the operation was meant to punish a Democratic adversary.

In a request to the state Election Law Enforcement Commission, Christie’s campaign organization asked for permission to raise more money and to spend it on lawyers handling subpoenas issued by both legislative investigators and the U.S. attorney’s office.

The campaign has already spent all but $13,000 of the more than the $12.2 million limit for Christie’s re-election.

Without more money, the campaign said it would not be able to answer the subpoenas.

Neither subpoena suggests the campaign “has engaged in wrongdoing,” the campaign’s lawyers said in their request.

A hearing before the election commission was set for Feb. 11.

Subpoenaed information was due to lawmakers Monday and federal prosecutors on Wednesday, but the campaign said it has requested extensions.

Assemblyman John Wisniewski, the co-chairman of the joint legislative panel leading the investigation, told The Associated Press that some deadline extensions were granted. The requests of others who were asked to produce documents on a rolling basis were also being considered.

He and the other leader of the inquiry, state Sen. Loretta Weinberg, both Democrats, said that none of the responsive documents would be made public Monday.

PAGE 8

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

SPORTS

“A comeback in gymnastics is almost impossible in itself.” SHAWN JOHNSON OLYMPIC GYMNAST

Elis struggle at home

Records splashed

JENNIFER CHEUNG/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

Junior Andrew Heymann ’15 set a school record in the 100-yard backstroke and a pool record in the 200-yard IM. SWIMMING FROM PAGE 12

do you think the team did QHow in the Harvard-Yale-Princeton meet compared to the past?

A

The team did really well this year. I know the results are a little bit deceiving, but compared to how we usually do at that meet, we did really well this year and made the statement we wanted to.

We were able to keep it close and earn a lot of wins against by far the best two teams in the league.

was your favorite part of QWhat the meet?

MARIA ZEPEDA/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

The gymnastics team finished behind SCSU, Brown and Bridgeport at the Bulldog Invitational this weekend.

GYMNASTICS FROM PAGE 12 ing in at positions 16 through 23, save 18th place.

Brittney Sooksengdao ’16 and Morgan Traina ’15 each recorded scores of 9.725 on the beam, tying for third place in the event.

Captain Ashley O’Conner ’14 cleared a score of 9.650, securing herself a tie for sixth place.

After Joyce Li’s ’15 10th place finish with a score of 9.500, the next two Elis placed at the bottom of the heap in 22nd and 24th.

While Yale found itself in fourth place at the Bulldog Invitational, the Elis were able to improve upon their overall team score from the previous week’s winning score of 184.350 over Penn.

“On one hand, we wanted to beat Southern and Brown and fell short, so that was disappointing,” O’Connor said. “But on the other hand, we made a lot of improvements.

For example, we improved our team score tremendously from the last meet, so that was positive and exciting.”

When all competitors had completed all four events, Yale was able to name two athletes to the top eight of the meet in the all-

around, with Traina earning a cumulative score of 37.275 and Li a tally of 35.000, good for sixth and eighth place respectively.

As the Bulldogs look ahead, they are aiming to focus on their individual routines as a way of steadily adding more and more points to the cumulative score.

According to Sooksengdao, consistent effort is needed to push the Bulldogs to the level they must reach to achieve their goal.

“The team is improving every meet,” Sooksengdao said. “We are hitting more and more cleaner and consistent routines and getting better scores. We just have to keep it up and keep pushing to get even more consistent and hit those higher scores we’re looking to hit.”

Yale will compete in its last home meet of the season on Saturday, Feb. 8 against New Hampshire in the John J. Lee Amphitheater before it hits the road for the remaining seven consecutive meets of the season prior to NCAA regionals and the USAG Collegiate nationals.

A: The best part of the meet was Brian Hogan’s ’16 1650-yard [freestyle]. He basically locked up a spot at NCAAs. He’s the first person that’s going to do that since we had an American record holder on the team six or seven years ago. He swam the fourth best time in the country this season. did you feel breaking your QHow school record in 100-yard breast?

A

It was better to win the race than to get the record. I know that I can go faster and put in the work but in that moment, winning the race in front of that crowd was way more important than the time was. The time is important at Ivy Championships and events like that but in this setting, winning the race was much more powerful.

did it feel to break the QHow 200-yard IM pool record?

Contact ASHTON WACKYM at ashton.wackym@yale.edu .

A

Same thing goes. It meant a lot more to win that race in front of everyone but since we don’t swim a bunch of championship-style meets, I know that one will be in the books for a while and be a record for hopefully some time.

do you feel about the QHow future of Yale swimming?

A

The future of Yale swimming looks very good. It’s hard to put it in perspective but three years ago when we got here, our record was 2–6 and over the course of three years we’re the opposite — we’re 8–2. Every good meet we have we’re able to recruit faster and faster kids so it’s really important to have big meets like this go our way.

do you feel about the QHow swimming facilities at Yale?

A

I think a lot of guys on the team share this view. We definitely don’t have the newest pool in the country by any sense but we do have one of the most historic pools in the country. So every time we swim in it you feel like you’re a part of history. Yale has more wins than any other swim program and you feel like you’re a part of that every time you race.

could Yale do differently QWhat to gain the edge over Harvard and Princeton in the next few years?

A

With swimming, it’s a gradual process and it’s not something that can just happen in a year. We have big meets like this and everyone sees us perform at a level that is almost comparable to Harvard and Princeton and what that does is it lets swimmers see Yale as a competitive option, and you just keep going until you close the gap. You can’t close the gap in one year, but we are moving in the right direction over the next several years.

are the team’s goals for QWhat the rest of the season?

A

The most immediate goal is to get third at conference.

We’ve gotten fourth behind obviously Harvard and Princeton and also Columbia the past couple of years. We have the potential to qualify a couple more kids for NCAAs besides Brian Hogan.

Getting as many people to NCAA championships as possible is an immediate goal that is definitely achievable right now. We have the potential to put two to three more in that meet.

are your personal goals QWhat for the rest of the season?

is your opinion on Personally, I’m kind of in that QWhat alumni involvement with the Agroup and think I have the Yale swimming program?

A

The alumni involvement is great. It’s one of the strongest alumni bases of all sports at Yale. They open up a lot of opportunities for us, whether that comes in job form, in gear for the team or raising money for some of our costs, like our training trips.

potential to make NCAAs. Putting up times that allow me to qualify to that meet [is my goal]. In addition, my individual goal is to help the team score as many points as possible at Ivies to help push us up past Columbia to put us right behind Harvard and Princeton.

Contact ASHTON WACKYM at ashton.wackym@yale.edu .

Yale falls to East Tennessee State TENNIS FROM PAGE 12

ALEXANDRA SCHMELING/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

In the men’s tennis team’s first home match of the season, the Elis lost to East Tennessee State, 5–2.

but we knew that all three matches were close and competitive so we tried to focus in more and prep ourselves for a quick start in singles,” Lu said.

After the loss of the doubles point, the Elis turned to the singles matches.

Yale was able to win only two singles matches on the day, with Lu, the number one seed, recording the Bulldogs’ only straight set win over East Tennessee’s Biosca, 6–3 and 6–4.

Dawson, who played in the number four spot, was the only other player to record a point for the Bulldogs by defeating his opponent, Huertas, in three sets, 6–4, 2–6 and 6–1. Svenning, the second seed, fell to Yllera in a tightly contested three set contest, 5–6, 6–4 and 6–1. The sixth seed, Zach Krumholz ’15, also

sent his match into three sets against the Buccaneers’ Pabon, eventually falling 6–5, 4–6 and 6–3.

Everyone’s been stepping up in practice and now it’s time to play to our full potential in a real match.

DANIEL FAIERMAN ’15 Men’s tennis team Both Daniel Faierman ’15 and Hagermoser dropped their matches in straight sets, falling to Merino and Roger Ordeig, respectively, in contests between the number three and five seeds.

The Elis played this weekend without Cyprus native, and typical number five

seed, Photos Photiades ’17, who was competing for his country at the Davis Cup. The team, preparing for a doubleheader this coming Saturday at home, will look to reverse its results from this weekend.

“We’re really focused on maintaining the level of play we’ve seen throughout practice in a real match scenario,” Faierman said. “Everyone’s been stepping up in practice and now it’s time to play to our full potential in a real match.”

Faierman also added that the team will look to improve on the things that it felt were poorly done against East Tennessee in preparation for its next match.

Yale faces off against Georgetown and Fairfield next Saturday at 12:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. respectively.

Contact ASHLEY WU at ashley.e.wu@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 9

BULLETIN BOARD

TODAY’S FORECAST

TOMORROW

Mostly sunny, with a high near 35. North wind around 5 mph becoming calm in the afternoon.

THURSDAY

High of 31, low of 20.

High of 29, low of 11.

LORENZO’S TALE BY CHARLES MARGOSSIAN

ON CAMPUS TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 4 1:00 p.m. “Los Mayas en el Tiempo y el Espacio: Palabra que Engendra el Universo Mesoamericano.” Ramsey Tracy, a visiting assistant professor of Hispanic studies at Trinity College and a speaker and translator of Yucatec Mayan, will present. This lecture will be in Spanish. RLL (82 Wall St.), 3rd floor.

4:00 p.m. Miss America 2014. As a guest of Yale’s South Asian Society, Nina Davuluri, winner of the Miss America 2014 Pageant, will be at Yale to speak about cross-cultural understanding and her experience with the backlash she received for being the first Indian-American Miss America. Battell Chapel (400 College St.).

7:30 p.m. Yale Political Union debates with Charles Murray.

As our nation confronts budget shortfalls and unemployment benefit cuts, join the YPU to debate the topic, “Resolved: Welfare corrodes Culture,” with American Enterprise Institute fellow Charles Murray. Linsly-Chittenden Hall (63 High St.), Rm. 102.

XKCD BY RANDALL MUNROE

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 5 12:00 p.m. Yiddish Reading Circle. Yiddish speakers and readers of all levels are invited to the leyen krayz (reading circle).

Joseph Slifka Center for Jewish Life at Yale (80 Wall St.), 3rd floor.

12:30 p.m. Gallery Talk: “Sculptors and Weavers of Borneo.”

Ruth Barnes, the Thomas Jaffe curator of Indo-Pacific Art, will introduce the arts of Borneo from works on view in the museum’s Indo-Pacific galleries, one of the best such collections in North America. Yale University Art Gallery (1111 Chapel St.).

THURSDAY, FRIDAY 6

DOONESBURY BY GARRY TRUDEAU

4:00 p.m. Edward H. Hume Lecture: “What Drives Chinese Foreign Policy: Vulnerability or Ambition?” China’s ambition to achieve great power status faces daunting challenges.

Although miscalculation could lead China and the U.S. toward confrontation, wise management of the relationship could nurture a new equilibrium in Asian-Pacific security relations. Luce Hall (34 Hillhouse Ave.), Aud.

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Questions or comments about the fairness or accuracy of stories should be directed to Editor in Chief Julia Zorthian at (203) 4322418.

Bulletin Board is a free service provided to groups of the Yale community for events. Listings should be submitted online at yaledailynews.com/events/ submit. The Yale Daily News reserves the right to edit listings.

Interested in drawing cartoons for the Yale Daily News?

CONTACT ANNELISA LEINBACH AT annelisa.leinbach@yale.edu

To visit us in person 202 York St. New Haven, Conn. (Opposite JE) FOR RELEASE FEBRUARY 4, 2014

Los Angeles Times Daily Crossword Puzzle

CROSSWORD ACROSS 1 Find the answer to 6 Chicago mayor Emanuel 10 “The Wizard __”: comic strip 14 Bird-related 15 Blue Bonnet spread 16 Musical symbol 17 Hosiery support item 19 Astronaut Shepard 20 Jai __ 21 Suffix with billion 22 Subway entrance 23 Barbecue veggie eaten with one’s hands 26 Southwestern desert 29 Actor Stephen 30 Washer maker 31 Snorkeling site 37 “Wheel of Fortune” purchase 38 Hose nozzle option 39 HDTV brand 40 Ice cream drink 43 Play the coquette 45 Debtor’s letters 46 Award hung on a wall 47 1988 U2 album and movie 53 Be a ham 54 Oboe insert 55 Fancy cracker spread 59 1990s vice president 60 Wimbledon feature 62 Curling appliance 63 Mexican-American War president 64 Damaging bug 65 Cong. meeting 66 Dazzles 67 Kind of reptile found at the starts of 17-, 23-, 31-, 40-, 47- and 60Across DOWN 1 It’s a long story 2 Avocado shape 3 Coin once tossed into Italian fountains 4 Pope’s place, with “The” 5 WSW’s opposite

CLASSIFIEDS

Edited by Rich Norris and Joyce Lewis

By Kevin Christian

6 Red-breasted bird 7 Olds model 8 Trojan beauty whose face launched a thousand ships 9 Witty remark 10 Painting the town red 11 __ acid: prenatal vitamin ingredient 12 “Boot” country prefix 13 Star in the constellation Cygnus 18 Red inside 22 “The Giving Tree” author Silverstein 24 Egg cells 25 Highchair feature 26 Sir counterpart 27 Bygone science magazine 28 The slammer 31 Tax season VIP 32 Mork’s planet 33 Arctic explorer John 34 “ER” actor La Salle 35 Stationery hue 36 Karma 38 Cage’s “Leaving Las Vegas” co-star

Monday’s Puzzle Solved

2/4/14

SUDOKU EASY

7 4 1 4 3

9 3 5 (c)2014 Tribune Content Agency, LLC

41 Little tabbies 42 One and only 43 Winter malady 44 Satirize without mercy 46 Degrees for many profs.

47 Longtime morning co-host, familiarly 48 What it is “when the moon hits your eye like a big pizza pie”

2/4/14

49 Barcelona bulls 50 Archery missile 51 Harlem Renaissance writer Zora __ Hurston 52 Classroom fixtures 56 Subtle glow 57 Arduous journey 58 French I word 60 Student’s stat.

61 “CSI” network

6 1

3 8 1 4

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6 7 8 5

4 9 6 2 8

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PAGE 10

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Reproductive health a mystery to many women

BY STEPHANIE ROGERS STAFF REPORTER Among many other misconceptions about female reproductive health, more than a third of women believe that certain sex positions can improve chances of conception, according to a new study by researchers at the Yale School of Medicine.

In a survey sent out to 1,000 women ages 18 to 40, the researchers found that many females were unaware of basic principles of fertilization, pregnancy and reproductive health.

For study co-author and professor of obstetrics at the Yale School of Medicine Lubna Pal, the results suggest that women fail to discuss reproductive health with their doctors and are not exposed to appropriate women’s health education at a young age.

“We wanted to know where we stand with women’s knowledge of reproductive health,” Pal said. “There were quite a few things which were surprisingly concerning from the survey such as women’s lack of awareness that irregular periods may mean something for ability to get pregnant, or history of sexually transmitted infections may have implications for fertility, or how advancing age relates to ability to achieve pregnancy.”

While 75 percent of women surveyed relied on their women’s health doctor as their primary means of education about reproductive issues, over one third of those surveyed visited this specialist either never or less frequently than once a year. Those women who did visit their doctors still scored poorly on the survey questions, said Mary Jane Minkin, a professor of Obstetrics at the Yale School of Medicine who was not an author of the study. She added this counterintuitive result could be a product of decreasing doctor visit times.

More than 1 in 4 women surveyed did not realize that obesity, smoking or sexually transmitted diseases could negatively impact reproductive health. About 80 percent of women surveyed had some form of college education, and Pal said the misconceptions were surprising for such a relatively well-educated group.

Specific misconceptions were more common among certain age groups. Women aged 18 to 24 tended to believe having sex mul-

ANNELISA LEINBACH/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR

tiple times a day would increase the chance of pregnancy, while those in the 35 to 40 age group were more likely to believe that women continue to produce new eggs throughout their lifetime, said Pal. “There was a significant percentage of women with misconceptions,” Pal said. “Some of those misconceptions were trivial in the big picture, for example position at the time of intercourse having an impact on the ability to conceive — it’s a misconception but it’s a misconception that has no negative connotations in the terms of health.

Now, if women believe that they

continue producing eggs, then women think they can postpone pregnancy and that could have serious implications for the health of the baby and possibilities of infertility.”

Approximately 60 percent of women surveyed believed that having sex after ovulation would increase the probability of conception, even though the two days prior to ovulation are peak days of fertility. Only 10 percent of those surveyed accurately reported that sex should occur before ovulation for conception, said Lisbet Lundsberg, study coauthor and research scientist in Obstetrics at the Yale School of

Public Health.

Some of these misconceptions were trivial in the big picture.

LUBNA PAL Study co-author Pal said another concerning misconception is that 37 percent of women believe folic acid supplements are only necessary a few months into pregnancy, when in fact they should be taken

even before conception to prevent defects in the early development of the fetal neural tube.

In the study, 44 percent were completely unaware that folic acid could prevent such critical birth defects. Since half of pregnancies in the United States are unplanned, any woman not using birth control should be taking folic acid in case they do conceive, Pal said.

Minkin said she hopes the study will encourage insurance companies to continue paying for annual exams by a reproductive health specialist, as well as promote education about these issues.

“A lot of [parts of the country] are still afraid to even mention the word sex.” Minkin said.

“Also, 40 percent of women said they use web as a means of education, but there is not always correct information on the web.

So, we are trying hard to get good information out there because sometimes there is a lot of bad advice.”

According to the March of Dimes Foundation, neural tube defects occur in about 3,000 pregnancies in the United States each year.

Contact STEPHANIE ROGERS at stephanie.rogers@yale.edu .

Researchers explore framing, sexual health

BY AKASH SALAM STAFF REPORTER The next viral game for the iPad may be one designed by medical researchers at Yale.

Decades of evidence in psychology has established that people often respond differently to an equivalent message framed as a gain or a loss. When researchers at the Yale School of Medicine explored how young adults responded to the framing of messages about sexual health, the team discovered that adolescents believe a combination of gain- and loss-framed messages would be most effective at reducing risky behaviors. The findings, which appeared in the journal Health Education Research on Jan. 21, have already been incorporated into a video game for the iPad called “PlayForward Elm City Stories,” that encourages youths to avoid risk behaviors.

“This study shows that, unlike previous conducted studies which show that positive framed messaging is inspiring for adults, a mixture of gain-framed and loss-framed may be more motivating for young teens when we are trying to persuade them to not initiate sexual activity,” said Deepa Camenga, a co-author of the study and instructor in pediatrics at the Yale School of Medicine.

To explore which framing methods would be most effective at delaying sexual activity among adolescents, Camenga and her team asked youth aged 10-14 years old to create posters advocating certain aspects of sexual health.

The majority of the posters and discussions contained both gain messages like “By not having sex at a young age, you are more likely to get an education,”

and loss messages, including “If you go have kids, underage, you can’t do nothing anymore.”

Of the 26 posters, sixty-nine percent contained both gain and loss framed content, 19 percent contained only lossframed content and 12 percent only gain-framed content. Most gain-framed messages focused on academic achievement and a healthy lifestyle, while most loss-framed messages concentrated on pregnancies and HIV/ AIDS. “PlayForward Elm City Stories,” which was released as a clinical trial in February 2013 and is currently available for public download, features a combination of gain and loss messages that the researchers found most preferred by the adolescents, said Lindsey Duncan, a study co-author and professor in the department of kinesiology & physical education at McGill.

Duncan said the research team decided to apply the findings to video games in particular because many adolescents naturally gravitate toward the medium.

“We hope that other groups will take some of these findings and use them to help adolescents, perhaps through other means,” she said.

For Lynn Fiellin, a Yale coauthor and professor of medicine at the Yale School of Medicine, the next step in the research includes exploring how framing affects actual risk behaviors outside of the lab.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 39 percent of new HIV infections in 2009 came from individuals aged 13-29.

Contact AKASH SALAM at akash.salam@yale.edu .

ANNELISA LEINBACH/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 11

“Every human being is the author of his own health or disease.” BUDDHA

With lab set to open, Christakis talks networks

BY BEN FAIT CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Nicholas Christakis ’84 is certainly not the first person to come to Yale for networking.

Christakis is a professor of social and natural science and codirector of the Center for Network Science at Yale, which will hold a grand opening tomorrow.

His work has shed light on how some phenomena, such as obesity, divorce and happiness, can spread through our social networks, and how others, including sexual orientation, cannot.

Christakis sat down with the News to discuss relationships, sex and the evolutionary logic of Freshman Screw.

QWhy do you study networks?

A

If you think about it, a dyad — a couple — is the simplest type of graph in a social network.

It’s two nodes with a tie between them. But humans are actually in networks and graphs of much greater complexity — you have your friends, partner or partners, your siblings, and each of those individuals in turn have similar [connections]. We assemble ourselves in a very ornate pattern. And we proceed to live out our lives in a particular location in this graph — this network.

And where we are in the network has implications for all sorts of things.

One of the deep ironies about human beings is that when we are free to do whatever we want, we often choose to copy our neighbors. We engage in a kind of social learning and social mimicry all the time. Humans have evolved, we believe, to not just have dyadic relationships, but to have complex social network relationships.

forming social networks an QIsinnately human tendency?

A

Yes. When you go out and you map these social networks, they have very specific

topologies and architectures — you see that everywhere. We’ve done some work that suggests that the structure of human networks is very heritable — sort of rooted in our genes. So if that’s true, if we could go back 10,000 years to the Pleistocene and look at humans beings then, we would expect them to have social networks very much like ours. We can’t do that, but the next best thing we can do is look at the social networks of people who live like we did 10,000 years ago, like the Hadza hunter-gatherers in Tanzania, so we did that.

We, in collaboration with some anthropologists, mapped the social networks of the Hadza.

We created a Hadza Facebook — a photographic census of the population. Despite the fact that we have invented agriculture, cities and telephony, the network structure the Hadza make are indistinguishable from those of Yale students. you see patterns in social QDo networks like Facebook that

resemble the networks humans actually form?

A

Yes — they have a vaster scale, but certain summary statistics that quantify the networks are the same. For example, there is something known as transitivity, which is the probability that two friends of yours are friends with each other. The Hadza have about the same transitivity as Facebook.

work in the past has QYour dealt with how sexual behavior is affected by our social networks. Could you elaborate?

A

If your friends start having sex, it affects the probability that you’ll start having sex.

But sexual orientation doesn’t spread, and that [aligns] with current thinking on the origins of homosexuality.

else can networks influQHow ence our relationships?

RENEE BOLLIER/PRODUCTION AND DESIGN STAFF

A

People think they can form their own opinions about partner suitability. It turns out that there is actually a much better predictor, something known as “surrogation.” If I were asking you to evaluate how enjoyable it was to drive a specific model of car, I could describe the linear feet of legroom, 0-60 acceleration, the feel of the car and so forth. Or I could just tell you, “This guy here — he really likes driving this car more than this car.” It turns out that latter way of giving you information is a much better predictor of your own enjoyment. So people are

bad judges of what they’re going to like. Your friends are actually really good sources of information as to who the best partners are. you think the perspective QDo of your friends might be part of what is driving the omnipresence of social networks across all cultures and time periods?

A

Absolutely! There’s also some other work that describes that people are more likely to have sex with people that they were introduced to by their friends than people they

were introduced to by their parents, which kind of makes sense.

But the basic point is that the network is an excellent source of introductions, whether you’re just looking for sex or a longterm relationship. And one of the ways to use your network is to branch out. I often suggest to people that engaging in activities with a diverse set people puts you in a position to meet people.

So, you know, go to an entryway party in a different college. sounds like you just scienQIttifically justified this week-

end’s Freshman Screw. What do you think of Yale’s screws?

A

I think that’s great. Your roommates pick a blind date at some social distance. There’s the disinhibition that comes with the institutionalization of that, so I think it would be very effective. It would be wonderful for someone to do a study evaluating success — how many lead to a sexual relationship, how many lead to a long-term relationship.

Contact BEN FAIT at benjamin. fait@yale.edu .

Brain structures different in gamblers

BY GEORGE SAUSSY CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Researchers discovered for the first time that the brains of gambling addicts may have different structures than those of the rest of the population.

While previous research explored the neural basis of behavioral inhibition, no studies to date have found links between brain structure and pathological gambling. But team at the Yale School of Medicine used brain scanning to measure the sizes of the amygdala and hippocampus

— two regions typically associated with behavioral inhibition — in both individuals with and without gambling problems, finding smaller volumes among gamblers. According to study co-author and professor of psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine Marc Potenza, the findings may help researchers and clinicians develop treatments for gambling addiction.

“We believe in order to develop more effective therapies for people with gambling problems it’s important to understand the biological underpin-

nings, because those may be effectively targeted through different interventions,” Potenza said.

Using MRI imaging, the study compared the sizes of the amygdala and hippocampus between 32 pathological gamblers and 47 healthy controls. The researchers found that the gambling addicts have smaller hippocampuses and amygdalas than the control group. In addition, the gambling addicts also scored lower on a self-reported measure of behavioral inhibition.

Potenza said the study’s find-

ings align with a growing body of evidence that suggests pathological gambling is a type of addiction: Previous research has found similar differences in brain structure between drug addicts and non-drug users.

Potenza added that the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders lists gambling disorder as an addiction, while previous versions of the manual did not.

While previous studies have linked hippocampal and amygdalar volumes and ability to regulate behavior, Jiansong Xu,

study co-author and professor of psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine, said he was surprised to find the same result with gambling addicts.

Potenza also said this data, in combination with other research, could lead to the development of better pharmacological treatments or therapies to help treat gambling addicts.

However, Xu said the promise of accessing the hippocampus and amygdala with drugs may be limited. Mindful meditation may be more effective, he said.

“I don’t think we can do very

much,” Xu said. “We can’t inject medicine into the hippocampus.”

Potenza said further research needs to be done on the cooccurrence of other health problems, such as alcoholism or depression, with gambling addiction in order to fully understand the implications of the study.

The study was published in the journal Neuropsychopharmacology in February.

Contact GEORGE SAUSSY at george.saussy@yale.edu .

Neuroscience of imagined words explored

BY GAYATRI SABHARWAL CONTRIBUTING REPORTER A new Yale study has located the part of the brain active when humans imagine hearing things.

As part of a larger effort to understand the neural basis of hallucinations, researchers used fMRI imaging to observe brain activity when subjects both heard words or imagined the same voice saying them.

Two regions near the front of the brain activated differently for words the subjects judged as either heard or imagined. The finding has implications for understanding clinical conditions like schizoprenia that are characterized by such hallucinations, study co-author and Yale professor of psychology Marcia Johnson, in a Sunday said in an email.

“Auditory information is interesting not only for generality and because much of our social experience involves speech, but also because auditory hallucinations can be clincally significant,” Johnson said.

To investigate how the brain responds to heard as opposed to

imagined words, the researchers first scanned the brains of subjects while they were being played real speech or while they imagined the words being spoken. The researchers later asked the subjects to recall whether the words were heard or imagined.

The results showed that the left middle frontal gyrus — a brain area involved in higher order cognition — was more active for imagined words correctly recalled as being imagined rather than heard, while the left inferior frontal gyrus — a region associated with processing meaning — activated more strongly for words subjects recalled as heard, whether or not the word had originally been heard or imagined.

According to Erich Greene, study co-author and data analyst working with Johnson, the takeaway from this study is that human beings are not as good at remembering what they heard as they think they might be.

The study shows that, as human beings, we have a limited amount of attention and processing power, Greene said.

He added that, in general,

human tendencies to imagine things often arise from their expectations. For instance, Greene said, memory of whether a Republican or a Democrat said something comes from our inherent biases based on what we already know about Republicans and Democrats.

“Our judgments don’t come out of nowhere,” Greene said.

“They’re not perfect but even when they are imperfect, we have traces that lend themselves to specific misinterpretations.”

Johnson said the research team would like to replicate and extend the finding to better understand the neural mechanisms of imagined and heard words. In the current study, subjects were only scanned while hearing or imagining words, not while they recalled the experience of hearing or imagining, and Johnson said she would like to extend the scanning session to this final component as well.

The study was published online in the journal Psychological Science on Jan. 17.

Contact GAYATRI SABHARWAL at gayatri.sabharwal@yale.ed .

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SPORTS QUICK HITS

JUSTIN SEARS ’16 MEN’S BASKETBALL Sears, who hails from Plainfield, NJ, earned Ivy League Co-Player of the Week honors for his performance in the Bulldogs’ wins over Cornell and Columbia this weekend. The sophomore forward came off the bench to score 33 points in the two games.

SARAH HALEJIAN ’15 AND LENA MUNZER ’17 WOMEN’S BASKETBALL Halejian, the guard from Wyckoff, NJ, and Munzer, the forward from Highland Park, IL, were named to the Ivy League honor roll for their performances in Yale’s games against Cornell and Columbia this weekend. Halejian scored 24 points on the weekend while Munzer added 21.

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“I think we did well in general. We know where we lost points and we’ll be working hard to fix those for next weekend.”

MAREN HOPKINS ’14 GYMNASTICS

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

Elis place fourth at home

BY ASHTON WACKYM STAFF REPORTER

GYMNASTICS

The gymnastics team is improving with each meet, but a bump in its cumulative score this weekend was not enough to give the squad the edge over three local competitors.

Last Saturday, the Elis gymnastics program hosted Southern Connecticut State (SCSU), Brown and Bridgeport at the Bulldog Invitational in the John J. Lee Amphitheater at Payne Whitney Gymnasium. After competing on the vault, bars, beam and floor, the Bulldogs ended up on the bottom of the pile with a score of 187.125 while Bridgeport finished on top with a final score of 192.275. Brown just barely took second place beneath Bridgeport with a cumulative score of 191.075 and SCSU took third with 188.650 total points.

Yale performed most consistently as a team on the vault, although individuals placed higher in other events. But the Elis suffered more sporadic performances on the beam, bars and floor.

“I think the team did well on vault this weekend. We were up against some really good teams and had to count falls on bars and beam, which is always difficult,” Maren Hopkins ’14 said. “But, I think we did well in general. We know where we lost points and we’ll be working hard to fix those for next weekend.”

On the vault, the Bulldogs scored together in a clump, comSEE GYMNASTICS PAGE 8

MARIA ZEPEDA/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

The gymnastics team placed fourth out of four schools at the Bulldog Invitational this weekend.

Heymann talks success, records

Yale drops home opener

BY ASHLEY WU STAFF REPORTER In the first home match of the regular season, the men’s tennis team fell in a disappointing contest to East Tennessee State.

MEN’S TENNIS

JENNIFER CHEUNG/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

While the men’s swimming and diving team finished behind Harvard and Princeton at home, a number of Elis set meet and pool records.

BY ASHTON WACKYM STAFF REPORTER In last weekend’s electric Harvard-Yale-Princeton swim meet hosted in the Kiphuth Exhibition Pool, Andrew Heymann ’15 set a pool record in the 200-yard individual medley and a school record in the 100-yard breaststroke. The

News caught up with Heymann to discuss Yale swimming’s most recent performance, his recordsetting day and the present and future of Yale swimming.

MEN’S SWIMMING

Yale (1–2, 0–0 Ivy) began the season by defeating Davidson (0–5, 0–0 SoCon) 5–2 and falling to No. 38 Virginia Tech (3–1, 0–0 ACC) 7–0 on the road in Virginia. The Bulldogs, currently ranked as the 58th team in the nation, faced off against East Tennessee (2–5, 0–0 Atlantic Sun), the no. 68 team, but were unable to capitalize on their home turf advantage, falling 5–2.

The morning began with doubles action, where the Elis took the first set before dropping the next two. The first doubles team featured Tyler Lu ’17 and Martin Svenning ’16, who defeated the Buccaneers team of Diego Nunez and Ismael Merino 6–4.

Unfortunately, the Bulldogs were unable to keep up the momentum. A 6–3 loss by Patrick Chase ’14 and captain Kyle Dawson ’14 to Sebastian Yllera and David Biosca tied the doubles match at one set apiece.

East Tennessee prevailed with a 6–5 win by Ricardo Pabon and Conner Huertas over Yale’s team of Jason Brown ’16 and Alex Hagermoser ’17 to capture the doubles point.

“Obviously the doubles didn’t turn out the way we wanted it to,

SEE SWIMMING PAGE 8

STAT OF THE DAY 13.43

SEE TENNIS PAGE 8

ALEXANDRA SCHMELING/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The men’s tennis team dropped its contest against East Tennessee State on Sunday.

SECONDS BY WHICH BRIAN HOGAN ’16 SET THE YALE RECORD IN THE 1650-YARD FREESTYLE THIS WEEKEND. Hogan’s time was the fourth fastest in the NCAA thus far this year. The performance was also good enough to set the pool record at the Kiphuth Pool.