NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · TUESDAY, JANUARY 19, 2016 · VOL. CXXXVIII, NO. 65 · yaledailynews.com
INSIDE THE NEWS MORNING EVENING
SUNNY CLEAR
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CROSS CAMPUS
UP IN SMOKE STUDY EXAMINES E-CIGARETTES
TEACH-IN’, LEARN-IN’ THE OTHER CASTRO Before classes start, hundreds gather for ethnic studies event
HUD SECRETARY JULIAN CASTRO VISITS ELM CITY
PAGES 12–13 SCI-TECH
PAGE 3 UNIVERSITY
PAGE 3 CITY
SOM donation endows deanship
and welcome to the first day of shopping. As you hurry from class to class today, take solace in the fact that this year, Yale students will enjoy the shortest January in over a decade. There will only be nine days of classes this month. However, spring break will also come one week later, on March 11.
In memoriam. As part of Yale’s
commemorations of the legacy of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., NAACP President and CEO Cornell William Brooks LAW ’90 will deliver a keynote address at 5:30 p.m. tomorrow evening. Brooks will speak from the same Battell pulpit that King did in 1962.
Student power. And as part of its commemorations of King’s legacy, Connecticut’s MLK Holiday Commission honors residents with the annual Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Holiday award. This year, the Black Student Alliance at Yale received the award. Mr. Worldwide. The Yale
Debate Team took its talents to the World Universities Debating Championship in Thessaloniki, Greece over winter break. Evan Lynyak ’17 was voted the top-ranked female debater, elevating the Yale team to a fourth place international rank. The Harvard team won the championship overall.
Money on my mind. Jodie Foster ’85 is the director of “Money Monster” a new film about the volatile stock market set to release in May. The film stars George Clooney, Julia Roberts and Jack O’Connell in lead roles. Foster, who is an award-winning actress, made her directorial debut in 1991 with “Little Man Tate.” THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY
1984 The Yale Athletic Department concludes its fundraising campaign to build a new track and practice football field complex at the Yale Bowl, raising approximately $1.5 million in the process. Follow along for the News’ latest.
Twitter | @yaledailynews
y
PAGE 5 CITY
BY DANIELA BRIGHENTI STAFF REPORTER
New year, News you. Here at 202 York St., we welcome 61 new staff members from across the country and around the world. Our newest staffers hail from Las Vegas to New York City, from Ireland to Turkey. Spring recruitment for the Yale Daily News will begin next week. What a time to be a Newsie.
With the Iowa caucus just weeks away, presidential campaigns are in full swing. Although it is expected to be less contested than the GOP race, the Democratic race is tightening with Hillary Clinton LAW ’73 and Sen. Bernie Sanders neck-and-neck in the Iowa polls. On the Republican side, Donald Trump and Sen. Ted Cruz are in a similar dead heat.
GE leaves longtime Fairfield home for new Boston location
Yale, Under Armour sign apparel deal
On to 2016. Happy new year,
Race to the White House.
O-M-GE!
declined to provide further comment to the News. The announcement comes on the heels of SOM Dean Edward Snyder’s reappointment to a second fiveyear term. Following the donation, Snyder — who was recently named “Dean of the Year” by the business school news website Poets and Quants — has been named the inaugural Indra K. Nooyi dean. Snyder said in the news release that having the deanship named after Nooyi reflects the SOM’s model of “purposeful and bro-
Yale athletics and major sports apparel company Under Armour announced a multiyear deal last week to make the brand Yale’s official athletics outfitter. Effective July 1, the partnership spans across all of Yale’s varsity teams and marks the first all-sports deal for the Bulldogs. The deal will also be a first for Under Armour: although the brand’s 32 other Division I all-sports partnerships include major programs such as Maryland, Notre Dame and Wisconsin, Yale is the company’s first foray into the Ivy League. Multiple outlets, including the New Haven Register, Bloomberg and Oiselle, one of Yale’s current apparel partners, reported that the deal is 10 years long and valued between $16 million and $16.5 million, but Patrick O’Neill, associate athletics director marketing and licensing, said those numbers cannot be publicly disclosed at the moment. “I can’t go into detail about what [Under Armour] actually gave us, but I will say it was extremely generous,” O’Neill said. “A lot of thought was put into it, and I speak for the department in saying that we’re extremely excited to partner with them.” O’Neill said that the department received interest from Under Armour’s competitors, but the offer from Under Armour was the “best bid for the most part.” He also declined to disclose the names of the competing brands. Under Armour will be the exclusive provider of apparel, footwear, uniforms and equipment for Yale athletes, coaches and staff beginning in
SEE SOM PAGE 4
SEE UNDER ARMOUR PAGE 6
ALEXANDRA SCHMELING/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER
Indra Nooyi SOM ’80, chairman and CEO of PepsiCo, Inc. became the SOM’s most generous alumni donor. BY QI XU STAFF REPORTER The Yale School of Management announced last week a donation from Indra Nooyi SOM ’80, chairman and CEO of PepsiCo Inc. The gift makes Nooyi the most generous alumni donor in the school’s history. The gift is being used to endow the deanship of the SOM, making the school the first Ivy League business school whose deanship is named for a woman. Combined with her past gifts to name the Nooyi Classroom and the Isaacson Classroom — named for pro-
fessor Larry Isaacson, who taught in the school from 1976 to 1981 — at the SOM’s new campus, the donation makes Nooyi the most generous graduate of the SOM in terms of lifetime giving to the school. The size of this most recent gift has not been disclosed. “My gift to this wonderful institution pales in comparison with the gift that Yale gave me — the fundamental understanding that leadership requires an expansive worldview and a deep appreciation of the many points of intersection between business and society,” Nooyi said in a press release. Nooyi
University creates communications VP position BY DAVID SHIMER STAFF REPORTER University President Peter Salovey announced earlier this month that Eileen O’Connor would serve as the inaugural vice president for communications, ending a search that began last summer. In conjunction with her general responsibilities, she will be tasked with forming a more strategic and efficient operation at a time of heightened campus tension. Before coming to Yale, O’Connor worked in public affairs, law and journalism. She most recently served as deputy assistant secretary of state for South and Cen-
tral Asia and senior adviser to the special representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan. Salovey told the News he found O’Connor an impressive candidate because of her varied professional experiences and the value she places on service, as demonstrated by her work in Afghanistan. He added that while he was proud of the way University communications staff handled racial events of the past semester, he expects the creation of O’Connor’s position to result in a more well-organized and effective operation. “If she had been here last SEE VP PAGE 6
COURTESY OF MICHAEL MARSLAND/YALE OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND COMMUNICATIONS
Salovey announced that Eileen O’Connor would serve as Yale’s inaugural vice president for communications.
Yale SigEp settles tailgate lawsuit BY MONICA WANG AND VICTOR WANG STAFF REPORTERS The national Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity, its local Yale chapter and more than 80 of its former members have settled lawsuits over a fatal collision at the 2011 Harvard-Yale tailgate that left one dead and two others injured, more than three years after the first suit was filed. Brendan Ross ’13, a member of the fraternity, was driving a U-Haul truck toward the tailgate in November 2011 when he lost control of the vehicle, striking and killing 30-year-old Nancy Barry of Salem, Massachusetts. Sarah Short SOM ’13
and Harvard employee Elizabeth Dernbach were also injured in the accident. Short’s and Barry’s estates filed suits against the national Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity, Yale University, U-Haul, Ross as well as other defendants in April 2012. In December of the following year, both parties also filed identical but separate suits that individually named all the students who were members of the fraternity’s Yale chapter at the time of the crash, whether or not they were present at the tailgate. The suits were later consolidated into one case, and a settlement was reached this past November, SEE SIGEP PAGE 4
Harp, ULA oppose immigrant raids BY REBECCA KARABUS STAFF REPORTER On Wednesday, undocumented immigrants and immigrants’ rights activists released a video filmed primarily in New Haven to respond to a series of nationwide deportation raids targeting undocumented immigrants. The raids, led by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, were denounced by New Haven immigrants’ rights organizations — including Unidad Latina en Accion — and Mayor Toni Harp soon after ICE announced its intent to begin raids in early January. Wednesday’s video, which features footage from
Fair Haven — a New Haven neighborhood with a large Central and South American immigrant population — is one of many activist efforts to persuade the government to halt deportations. Kica Matos, the director of immigrant rights and racial justice at the Center for Community Change, a national immigrant advocacy group that works with groups like ULA, compiled the video with media consultant Frank Chi, a New Haven resident who emigrated from China at age seven. Matos and Chi released the video through Reform Immigration for America, an online organization that advocates for comprehensive and humane
immigration reform. “It is our intention to escalate our actions until the deportations stop, so we expect to be engaging in edgier actions in the coming weeks, including civil disobedience,” Matos said in an email to the News. John Lugo, a ULA organizer, helped Matos and Chi compile footage sourced by ULA members and friends living primarily in Fair Haven. The video features scenes of immigrants in New Haven at various businesses, schools and other locations around the Elm City. While the video was initially intended to respond to “the xenophobia and racSEE ULA PAGE 6
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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 19, 2016 · yaledailynews.com
OPINION
.COMMENT “The tendency to fly into a rage at the slightest 'microaggression' is an yaledailynews.com/opinion
Why civic leadership Y
revelatory moment. What we did do was grasp that opportunity when it showed up. But did we deserve that opportunity in the first place? At Yale, some of us have become go-getters with no gratitude for those who have helped us along the way. We get blinded by the competition on campus, and become attracted to the positions that everyone else is similarly seeking. The titles and labels of the Ivy League captivate us, and after graduation, we are similarly attracted to work for companies with big names. But one thing Yale may have taken away from us, without many of us even knowing, is the courage to admit we are no different from the many smart people that stand outside these gates.
CIVIC LEADERSHIP IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT CONSTRUCTS THE DEFINITION OF LEADERSHIP FROM THE GROUND UP
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n Dec. 11, the Oldest College Daily held its fall semester inductions. It is with great pleasure that we welcome the following new staffers to the Yale Daily News.
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Graham Ambrose Deerfield, IL Jack Barry Bentonville, AZ Maya Chandra Stamford, CT Kevin Bendesky Wynnewood, PA Ayla Besemer Boulder, CO Amy Cheng Beijing, China Agnes Enkhtamir Las Vegas, NV Ian Garcia-Kennedy San Francisco, CA Paddy Gavin Sligo, Ireland Cameron Hill Easthampton, WA Ellen Kan Fairfax, VA Chloe Kimball New York, NY Jay Lee Fort Lee, NJ Veena McCoole Singapore, Singapore Claire Ong Las Vegas, NV Andrea Ouyang San Ramon, CA
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James Post Beaufort, SC Manasa Rao Sylvania, OH Nitya Rayapati Austin, TX Shuyu Song Datong City, China Sarah Stein Woodbridge, CT Jacob Stern Washington, DC Sara Tabin Park City, UT Rachel Treisman Westport, CT David Weller Wilmette, IL Caitlyn Wherry Modesto, CA David Yaffe-Bellany Princeton Junction, NJ Alice Zhao Paradise Valley, AZ
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Drop the bass (strip)
This is why the idea of “civic leadership” — defined as solving shared problems and bridging divides — is so essential to Yale today. On Jan. 30, Yale College and a committee of students will co-host the second annual Civic Leadership Conference, which is open to all undergraduates and will include guest speakers and workshops around the central question of “How can Yale become more civic-minded?” Civic leadership is important because it constructs the definition of leadership from the ground up. Civic leadership challenges the hierarchical systems that often pervade our academic institutions and workplaces. It is an individual initiative with the potential to influence others. It stems from sympathy and self-awareness. Civic leadership is simply the idea of caring and taking action. Such behavior can often feel rare on this campus. It is important to acknowledge all the accomplishments we have individually achieved. But it is just as important to reflect the sympathy and self-awareness on the community we live in and realize how much we owe this success to one another. STELLA YANG is a senior in Saybrook College. Contact her at sijia.yang@yale.edu .
'TAN' ON 'DUDLEY: WHY WE CAN’T LOOK AWAY'
The News congratulates its newest staffers
G U E S T C O L U M N I S T S T E L L A YA N G
ale was hard at first. Two and a half years ago, I transferred into the college as a sophomore from Fudan University, a top university in China. As one of the two students transferring from a foreign university that year, I was basically clueless about Yale. It was also impossible for me to foresee how much I would change within a very short time. Every time someone asked me how I liked Yale compared to my previous college in China, I would say “so much better” without hesitation. That is the honest answer. I have nothing to complain about; Yale is generous, supportive, and most of all, cares about its students and respects their voices. As I enter my final semester at Yale, I’ve begun to reflect about how much I have changed. I feel confident in my skin. I no longer get freaked out walking across the Saybrook dining hall. I hang out with friends and talk like any other Yalie. I no longer introduce myself as a transfer student and very few assume I am an international student when they first talk to me. At the same time, when I speak with my family, I can sense them getting more and more impatient about my Yale stories. They don’t seem to relate and I feel suffocated from time to time when I am not on campus. This divide between my new and old self was confusing until I returned to a question that I had left unanswered: Why do I deserve to be at Yale? Was it because I was more impressive than other applicants? The truth is that I am likely no smarter than many of my classmates back at Fudan. I was fortunate enough to meet a mentor, who was impressed by my work ethic and wrote a recommendation letter on my behalf. My personal statement was what I hoped Yale would want to see from its applicants. I likely hit some of the right keywords without even being aware of knowing them. I did the right thing at the right time. I got lucky. The one-time positive result of getting admitted to Yale, given its significance, can form very strong biases that influence us for the rest of our lives. In other words, we tend to give more credit to ourselves than to those who have helped us, or the events that occurred simply because of the randomness of life. While we may know deep down that luck could have contributed as much as many other factors, it is painful to admit it. In the end, however, it is detrimental not to realize life is a series of random events. Each of us likely experienced a turning point on our respective paths: a great role model, an enlightening conversation or some other
intellectual and moral failing”
YANNA LEE/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR
A
t 11:30 p.m. on the night of Wednesday, Dec. 16, 2015, I was sexually harassed by members of Yale’s student body. Statements of this nature are by now heartbreakingly familiar on Yale’s campus, and most students know all too well how ubiquitous sexual harassment is among us. But perhaps most students would be stunned to hear that the above statement describes my experience of the Bass Strip (also referred to as the Naked Run), a long-standing and beloved Yale tradition. In 2002, Will Sullivan wrote of the Bass Strip, “Perhaps the most bizarre thing about the event, however, is not the pure spectacle of naked students … It’s that hardly anyone gives them a second glance.” (“We like getting naked,” Dec. 11) In that article, a participant in the Bass Strip noted that Yale students were “unshockable.” These descriptions seem like a far cry from the gleefully indecent festivities that Yalies know today. Now, large throngs of people wait at the foot of the stairs in anticipation of the naked runners and latenight Bass occupants hoot, holler and catcall as clusters of nude students streak past. My own reaction to the Bass Strip was anything but indifferent. Having received no prior warning that the nude run was set to happen that night, I was leaving the L&B Reading Room in Sterling when I was unexpectedly con-
fronted by the sight of three completely nude men running straight toward me, screaming, “Embrace it!” Terrified SHERRY and shocked, LEE I instinctively flatA classical tened myself act against the nearest wall as they approached, pelting me with pieces of hard candy. It was only after they had disappeared that I realized that they must have been taking part in the Bass Strip. Somehow, arriving at that conclusion did little to stop me from trembling for a long time afterward. Like most beloved college rituals, the Bass Strip profits from the subversion of traditionally offensive behavior. Its desired effect of shock relies on disrupting a public space with flaunted nudity, which is considered taboo in our society. Perhaps for many at Yale, nudity is not a strong taboo, especially under the Western liberal status quo for sexuality, which might account for the observed reactions of both indifference and celebration to the Bass Strip. However, public nudity is a particularly serious taboo due to its undeniable cultural associations with sex. The event, though it might be amus-
ing or titillating for some, inherently discriminates against others. Students from more sexually conservative cultures, survivors of sexual assault — especially those who may see their assaulter in the crowd — or those who simply don’t want to see other people’s genitals in an unsought context are all likely to be punished by the Bass Strip. The invasive nature of the event irresponsibly demands that potentially unwilling bystanders become participants in an act of a sexual nature without explicit individual consent. It should be disturbing that the Bass Strip goes on unquestioned, semester after semester, even at a time when sexual harassment on campus is being brought forth as one of Yale’s most pressing issues — only months after the release of the AAU survey results. I am appalled that the underlying assumption of the Bass Strip seems to be that my presence — however accidental, however unintentional — qualifies as consent. Or worse: that my consent is not a factor whatsoever. Perhaps, then, a well-publicized warning is all that’s needed to rectify the issue of the Bass Strip, to ensure that those who would wish to avoid it have ample opportunity to do so. To believe that, however, would be to place an unfair and problematic burden on those who do not subscribe to the liberal sexual mores that permeate most of
Yale. The reality on campus is that with regard to students' comfort, many spaces operate according to a zero-sum calculus. During the Strip, for instance, Bass accommodates those who wish to publically display themselves naked, at the direct expense of those who are uncomfortable with seeing nudity. The possibility that the Bass Strip could cause an unknowing individual to be guilty of “being in Bass at the wrong time” operates along the same repugnant logic that could fault a victim of sexual harassment of being present at a party. No one should be forced to leave a space to accommodate others, especially a library which people should reasonably expect to be able to occupy undisturbed. Our campus default should not require that I leave a space because I don’t wish to have someone’s exposed genitals shoved in front of me. But maybe I am overreacting. After all, public nudity has been, in Sullivan’s words, “an important aspect of the Yale experience for many students.” Who am I to deprive people of such a fundamentally significant experience? Perhaps, as is the appropriate response to offensive material at Yale, I should have just looked away. SHERRY LEE is a sophomore in Ezra Stiles College. Her column runs on alternate Tuesdays. Contact her at chia.lee@yale.edu .
YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 19, 2016 · yaledailynews.com
PAGE 3
NEWS
“Are deviations from full employment a social problem? Obviously.” JANET YELLEN GRD ’71 FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD CHAIR
Departments sponsor race teach-in BY JOEY YE STAFF REPORTER Even as many students continued to make their way back to campus after winter break, over 200 attendees packed Sudler Hall Monday, lining the walls and flowing into the hallway for “Keywords in Critical Ethnic Studies,” a teach-in jointly sponsored by the Program in Ethnicity, Race & Migration as well as the African American Studies, American Studies and Women’s, Gender and Sexuality Studies Departments. The teach-in was the first event this semester to continue weeks of forums, rallies and discussions about racial controversies that erupted on campus last fall. And although a similar event was held on Nov. 11 in Battell Chapel to address the theme “A Moment of Crisis: Race at Yale,” this teach-in was the first to be officially sponsored by Yale departments. It was held in response to a call by Next Yale — a coalition of students advocating for racial justice on campus — for the University to offer an ethnic studies education. Though University President Peter Salovey has promised to open a center devoted to race and ethnicity this year, he did not commit to the group’s demand for an ethnic studies requirement. The four-hour event began with a brief introduction by Yale College Dean Jonathan Holloway, before members of the Yale community were invited to participate in one of 24 simultaneous seminarsized discussions surrounding specific “keywords,” or words or phrases that are important to the experiences of people of color. Each session was led by a faculty member or graduate student. Topics included “Decolonizing Feminism,” “Coalitions Beyond Identity Politics” and “Cultural Appropriation.” “The focus on the keywords is really a reminder about the power language and
words can have,” event organizer Yami Rodriguez GRD ’20 said. “It’s to really understand that words and language have impact and consequences, and deserve conversations on why certain words are used.” Event organizer Damian Bracamontes GRD ’19 said the discussions were meant to engage ongoing conversations about what an ethnic studies education would look like and what the departments’ roles would be in that education. American Studies professor Michael Denning GRD ’84, another organizer for the event, said the teach-in’s seminar format allowed the event to continue with the message of the November teach-in in a more intimate manner. He added that the first event was a success, but this teach-in aimed to engage all attendees in the conversation instead of just having audience members listen to speakers. “The reason we used keywords and shaped the event in this way was because some of us as graduate educators saw gaps in last semester’s events, where students utilized language that not everyone had a clear idea of what they meant,” said Jorge Cuellar GRD ’18, who also helped organize the event. “It became an interesting idea to deepen those terms and to get everyone on the same page.” More than 40 graduate students and faculty members were involved in leading the event. Connor Williams GRD ’21, who led a seminar on white privilege, said the event provided a rare opportunity for participants to come together, speak in a free and open manner and transcend the assumptions people so often make about each other. It was also evidence that campus conversations about race and culture are happening on multiple levels, not just among undergraduates, he added. Participants interviewed said they found the teachin powerful and informative
in continuing last semester’s discussions. Bernie Lauredan SOM ’17 said he found the seminar he participated in to be particularly valuable, as it focused on “redlining” — the practice of denying services to residents of certain areas based on race or ethnicity — which he said is still pertinent to urban communities today. He noted that these types of discussions are important to have around the year, not just on holidays like Martin Luther King Jr. Day, and should be brought into the heart of a Yale education. “This teach-in gave me hope that Yale is trying to be relevant again to the community,” said Maria Threese, a former fellow at the Yale Child Study Center who led a seminar at the teach-in. “It’s refreshing to know that other people of color have felt the same way and [to] have affirmation that my individual struggle is a part of a collective struggle.” To close the forum, participants gathered in SheffieldSterling-Strathcona Hall for a final panel between African American Studies and American Studies professor Hazel Carby, Women’s, Gender and Sexuality Studies professor Inderpal Grewal, American Studies professor Matthew Jacobson and African American Studies professor Anthony Reed. Speakers touched on the uphill battles and importance of each of the departments, drawing attention to the negative connotations often associated with programs such as ethnic studies. Panelists also emphasized the role students play in bringing these subjects into universities. “No matter how much the faculty struggle, we will never be listened to without the support of the undergraduates,” Carby said during the panel. “We are here because of the pressure [the students] put on the institution.” Contact JOEY YE at shuaijiang.ye@yale.edu .
AALIYAH IBRAHIM/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER
Monday’s teach-in was sponsored by several of the University’s academic departments.
HUD secretary visits Elm City MAP LATINOS AS A PERCENTAGE OF STATE POPULATION
Connecticut: 14.2%
>35% 20–35% 10–20% 6–10% 3–6% <3%
ELLIE HANDLER/PRODUCTION & DESIGN EDITOR
BY NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH STAFF REPORTER Debt relief for Puerto Rico and reform of the United States’ immigration system were the most prominent topics in a Friday forum between U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Julián Castro and a group of mostly Latino civic leaders from across Connecticut. Castro’s visit to New Haven, where he was accompanied by Connecticut Sens. Richard Blumenthal LAW ’73 and Chris Murphy, came in the middle of a daylong sweep through Connecticut that also included stops in Hartford and Bridgeport. Castro served as mayor of San Antonio before his federal appointment to HUD in 2014. As a Latino politician prominent in the national Democratic Party, Castro’s name has often come up in discussions about prospective vice-presidential nominees for the 2016 Democratic ticket. Introducing Castro at the Christopher Columbus Family Academy in Fair Haven, Mayor Toni Harp commented on the importance of HUD’s work in the city — the department has played an integral role in the controversies surrounding the living conditions in the Church Street South housing complex. Castro said he was struck by the Latino culture of Fair Haven, which has the highest proportion of Latino residents of any neighborhood in the city. While driving into the neighborhood, he said he posted a picture on his personal Facebook page of a corner shop with a neon window sign advertising tamales. “Nobody in San Antonio is going to believe that they have tamales in New Haven, Connecticut,” Castro joked. From the audience, a voice yelled out: “Welcome to New Haven!” Castro also highlighted the high proportion of Latinos in Connecticut — the community comprises 15 percent of the state’s total population. People often
think that Latinos live in southern states like Texas, Arizona and Florida, he said, but the Latino community is strong across the entire country. Restructuring Puerto Rico’s financial obligations also emerged as an important issue for attendees. Joe Rodriguez, chair of the Connecticut Hispanic Democratic Caucus, expressed concern about a “toxic” environment in Washington that might forestall the possibility of a legislative plan for Puerto Rico in 2016. He called for executive action to breach the deadlock. Castro said Puerto Rico is an important issue for the federal administration, but he said he hopes Congress can reach a legislative fix to Puerto Rico’s insolvency. Blumenthal — who emphasized the importance of instituting both a short-term fix and long-run reform program — said any legislation on Puerto Rico should be bipartisan, adding that he has worked with Republicans in Congress in recent months to reach a solution.
The destiny of the United States and the destiny of the Latino community are intertwined. JULIÁN CASTRO Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Blumenthal stressed that any solution for Puerto Rico must treat residents of the island as Americans, a remark that garnered applause around the room. On immigration reform, Castro said the country must work toward providing a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants in the United States, calling decadelong waits for citizenship “ridiculous.” Those remarks have particular rele-
vance in Fair Haven, where federal deportation raids provoked outrage among many residents. Castro added that immigration reform must involve changing the country’s immigration system while also providing a shortterm solution by streamlining the current one. Murphy echoed that sentiment, calling for “common sense and conscience” in the enforcement of immigration laws. Throughout the forum, Castro emphasized the importance of the Latino community to the United States’ future. “The destiny of the United States and the destiny of the Latino community are intertwined,” he said. “As we talk about issues of economic development, housing and health, of transportation and infrastructure — as the Latino community goes, so goes the United States in the future.” Rep. Rosa DeLauro, who also attended the forum, praised the Connecticut Latino community’s “fierce advocates” for issues like education, housing and fair access to capital. Murphy highlighted the progressive stance New Haven has taken on immigration in recent years — the Elm City Resident Card program, started by former mayor John DeStefano Jr. in 2007, that offers official city identification to all New Haven residents regardless of their immigration status was the first of its kind in the country. The forum ended on a humorous note with a question from Tomas Reyes, Harp’s chief of staff. “Very plain and simple: Are you going to be the Democratic nominee for vice president?” Reyes asked. “I’m going to exercise my right to remain silent here, I think,” Castro said to laughter around the room. Contact NOAH DAPONTE-SMITH at noah.daponte-smith@yale.edu .
Yale commits to hiring 1,000 city residents BY FINNEGAN SCHICK STAFF REPORTER Yale announced last month that it will hire 1,000 additional New Haven residents over the next three years in a commitment that city officials have described as ambitious but unspecific. Yale unveiled the jobs plan on Dec. 18, one week after closeddoor negotiations with union leaders from Locals 34 and 35 culminated in an on-campus labor demonstration that brought together students and city residents to protest an ongoing jobs crisis in the city. According to the most recent U.S. Census data, the unemployment rate in New Haven is 9 percent, compared with 5 percent nationally. The plan commits the University to hiring from New Haven’s poorest neighborhoods, such as Dwight, Newhallville, Dixwell and Fair Haven. The University has agreed to make the hires
through a jobs pipeline program called New Haven Works, which places qualified city residents in local jobs. City officials interviewed said they were pleased by Yale’s commitment, but noted that Yale has offered little detail about what these jobs will be. Still, Dwight Alder Frank Douglass welcomed the pledge, urging the city to be patient with the University in solving the jobs crisis. “We’ve got to give [Yale] time to work on the logistics of it,” Douglass said. “I think we need to come together and work things out. We are partners in this.” Douglass said he plans to meet with Yale’s Office of New Haven and State Affairs to flesh out the details of the plan. He added that he assumes the jobs will be entry-level, and he said he hopes the new jobs are permanent. University spokesman Tom Conroy said Yale has no specific timeline for hiring. Some
of the jobs will be construction positions for work on campus buildings and others will include clerical, technical, service and maintenance positions. New positions may also be created in the Yale Police Department, Conroy added.
I’m just glad that [Yale is] willing to hire people from our communities. DOLORES COLON ’91 Hill Alder “This is an extension and an enhancement of the existing commitment announced last summer by Yale,” Conroy said. In August, the University promised to hire 500 additional New Haven residents over a two-year period. Union leaders said this commitment is a significant shift in
Yale’s commitment to its home city. Currently around one-third of Yale’s 13,000 employees are New Haven residents, but many leaders in City Hall have called on Yale to increase the number of local hires, claiming that the University has not sufficiently supported the Elm City. At the December labor demonstration, Rev. Scott Marks, co-founder of the grassroots labor group New Haven Rising, said he thinks Yale is moving in a positive direction. While the August commitment specified that some of the jobs would come with the construction of the two new residential colleges, the more recent commitment does not specify whether the 1,000 hires would be in Yale’s dining services, cleaning and maintenance staff or in other administrative departments. Hill Alder Dolores Colon ’91 said she hopes the commitment demonstrates to Yale that New Haven residents are qualified and hardworking employ-
ees. The crisis of jobs in the city is especially pernicious among the city’s youth, many of whom cannot find work in New Haven when they graduate from college, she said. Black and Hispanic communities in the city also have higher unemployment, Colon added. Colon also said she had not seen any documents from Yale specifying what sort of jobs would be given to city residents, but like Douglass, she expressed support for the University’s renewed commitment. “I’m just glad that they’re willing to hire people from our communities,” Colon added. While union leaders were upset that Yale’s August hiring commitment did not specify from which neighborhoods Yale would hire, many praised the December commitment, which promises to reserve 500 jobs for the city’s most impoverished neighborhoods. However, union leaders said solving the city’s unemployment
crisis is not only on the shoulders of the University, but also on New Haven’s second-largest employer: Yale-New Haven Hospital. At the December protest, the hospital came under fire for its apparent lack of action. Over 100 graduate students, union members and city residents were arrested in an act of civil disobedience in the street outside the hospital. Marks said in an email to the News that Yale-New Haven Hospital should “do its part to solve the crisis as well.” Local 35 President Bob Proto said that Yale is leading by example, and he is hopeful that other New Haven employers will step up to the plate. Twenty-five percent of New Haven residents live below the federal poverty line. Michelle Liu contributed reporting. Contact FINNEGAN SCHICK at christopher.schick@yale.edu .
YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 19, 2016 · yaledailynews.com
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“Be careful about virtual relationships with artificially intelligent pieces of software.” LARRY ELLISON INTERNET ENTREPRENEUR AND BUSINESSMAN
Yale joins major computing initiative BY BRENDAN HELLWEG STAFF REPORTER Yale has joined a $10 million computer science initiative that seeks to eliminate one of the major sources of flaws in computer software by applying formal logic to critical software developing tools. The initiative will pave the way for a world even more reliant on secure computer technology in fields ranging from cryptography to transportation, said Benjamin Pierce, professor of computer science at the University of Pennsylvania and a member of the project. The five-year initiative involves researchers from Princeton, MIT and the University of Pennsylvania, and is funded by the National Science Foundation. According to Adam Chlipala, a computer science professor at MIT who is involved with the project, said the project, known as DeepSpec, addresses specifications. A part of computer systems, specifications are written instructions for what actions a piece of software is meant to perform, as tools for developers working on other components of a piece of software. These descriptions are generally written in layman terms and can range from relatively brief documents to thousands of pages of instructions. He added that errors in software development sometime arise when the specifications are imperfect descriptions of a program’s structure and function, leading to improper interrelations among software components.
Specifications have been an integral part of the software development process for decades. BENJAMIN PIERCE Computer Science Professor, UPenn “Significant correctness problems can result when components A and B connect to each other, but the authors of A and B have made different assumptions about how that interface works,” Chlipala said. Yale computer science professor Zhong Shao, who is involved in the project, said that a mismatch between the software of a system and its specifications is one of the three primary sources of errors and bugs in computer systems. The other two are hardware and software. “Bugs in hardware could come from physical material which we cannot completely eliminate; bugs in specifications may always exist because it is written by humans — we cannot always know exactly what a human wants,” Shao said. “Bugs in software, however, refer to the gap between the software and the specifications.” The team is working to develop a successful link between specifications and software grounded in formal, provable logic, Chlipala explained. This link would ensure that any of the intended functions of a piece of software is true with certainty. Their project, using a method known as deep specification, seeks to prove that the specifications of a piece of software are precisely aligned with the software’s function, eliminating any possibility of error due to lack of clarity. Chlipala added that this process does not eliminate the possibility that software developers simply chose the wrong specifications — only that the specifications that were chosen are met with certainty.
Pierce said that by putting these specifications in the language of formal logic through deep specification, developers are able to create greater functionality for software specifications. “Specifications have been an integral part of the software development process for decades — what we’re interested in is a class of specifications that is more powerful than many of the specifications that have been used in the past,” Pierce said. “Specifications are software, not in the sense that we run them but in the sense that they require the same thought process and the same methodology as the software that we do run.” This deep specification process opens up several valuable opportunities for computer scientists in the future. Pierce said a cryptography program created using formal language under deep specification would be confirmed with absolute certainty to fulfill all of its objectives. As a result, the cryptography program would not have an unexpected hole in its security. The certainty provided by deep specification is a step above random testing, a previous software development standard, where the program is tested in thousands or even millions of scenarios, but cannot be confirmed with certainty. Shao said this level of certainty provided by deep specification is necessary for the growing ways that society uses computer programs, from banking to self-driving cars. Even the slim possibility of error in these scenarios, he said, is unacceptable. Shao added that other forms of error are still possible even if a piece of software is worked on using deep specification. If the underlying hardware is flawed or if the proof-based specifications do not cover every attribute of the desired software, then there could be errors in the final product regardless of the form of specification used. “Deep specification can state that certain kinds of flaws are not present in code, but it is always possible that the specification author forgot to include a particular kind of problem,” Chlipala said. “A program might have a perfectly good proof that it meets one specification, and yet that specification might not have been the right one to choose, because it is too weak.” Chlipala added that one of the projects within DeepSpec will be to develop ways to mitigate risks in poorly chosen specifications, including more precise forms of wording and improved formatting, organization or specifications. Yale’s participation in the DeepSpec program will bring expertise in operating systems, Pierce said. Shao is involved in the creation of CertiKOS, an operating system grounded in formal proofs that ensure that certain forms of errors are eliminated. This operating systems expertise, Pierce added, would supplement MIT’s strength in hardware specifications, and Penn’s and Princeton’s focus on code compilers, a tool for converting written code into the material that computers use to function. Pierce added that this collaborative program has a substantial educational component. The developments will be open source and shared through events on each of the campuses involved in DeepSpec. The $10 million grant funding this research is part of the National Science Foundation’s Expeditions in Computing program. Contact BRENDAN HELLWEG at brendan.hellweg@yale.edu .
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GE announces move from Connecticut SUBURBAN JOBS SAMPLING OF DIFFERENT TECH HEADQUARTERS IN THE STATE - Thermodynetics, Inc. (Advanced Manufacturing) - TRC Companies, Inc. (Energy/Environmental Technologies)
Windsor Avon - COCC (IT Services) - Evolution Benefits, Inc. (Software) Wallingford
- Adeptra, Inc. (Software) - Bolt Technology (Advanced Manufacturing) - eNR Services, Inc. (Software) - Priceline.com, Inc. (New Media/ Internet/ Telecom) Terra Technology (Software)
Norwalk
- Amphenol Corporation (Advanced Manufacturing) - APS Technology, Inc. (Advanced Manufacturing) - Proton Energy Systems, Inc. (Energy/Environmental Technologies) - VBrick Systems, Inc. (New Media/Internet/Telecom) HOLLY ZHOU/PRODUCTION & DESIGN STAFF
BY JIAHUI HU STAFF REPORTER Connecticut’s loss of General Electric, a multinational corporation with gross revenue of $150 billion annually, points to the state’s chronic inability to grow its high-tech industry to full potential, critics have alleged. GE, which has been based in the Fairfield suburbs for the past 42 years, announced last Wednesday that it will relocate its headquarters to Boston. In a press release, the company cited the city’s concentration of universities and Massachusetts’ public investments in research and development as reasons for the move. GE’s decision should not come as a surprise to local and state officials in Connecticut, New Haven Economic Development Administrator Matthew Nemerson SOM ’81 said. He explained that the state has failed numerous times in the past decade to create a business environment that rivals Seattle, Toronto and Boston — which
will house GE’s new headquarters by the summer of 2018. “[GE’s decision to relocate] is the crisis we need to implement all of the plans that have been put forward all of these years to be a modern knowledge-creating state,” Nemerson said. A 2010 survey of tech CEOs in the state conducted by the Connecticut Technology Council — an association of over 2,000 tech companies — found that 73 percent of CEOs doubted staying in the state would be best for their businesses in the long run. They cited issues such as state officials not recognizing the industry’s needs and difficulty connecting with the state’s university talent. The CTC presented the survey results in the Connecticut Competitiveness Agenda. In the report, the association recommended that the governor adopt initiatives, such as expanding Hartford’s Bradley International Airport and Tweed-New Haven Regional Airport to facilitate the growth of high-tech firms. The most important recommenda-
tion was to concentrate funding in New Haven and Stamford to create clusters of high-tech companies that could collaborate and compete, said Nemerson, who authored the report with other members of the CTC. Malloy adopted the association’s agenda shortly after his first gubernatorial election in 2010, Nemerson said. But the plan’s call to create tech hubs in New Haven and Stamford could not withstand representatives jockeying for funding for their own districts, he added. “[Malloy] had to put things through the General Assembly,” Nemerson said. “When you’re the governor of a small state that has many medium-sized cities, it is almost impossible to say that this city of 130,000 is more worthy than another city of 130,000.” Despite the state’s hesitation to create hubs of high-tech jobs in select cities, data shows that doing so would meet the job demands of Connecticut’s recent college graduates. These professionals overwhelmingly
choose to live in cities rather than suburbs, said Mark Abraham ’04, executive director of DataHaven, a New Havenbased nonprofit data analytics group. University of Connecticut student Brian Tang said he wants to stay in his home state after graduation. But he said he does not see a future in Connecticut because almost all job prospects are located in the suburbs, which he cannot reach without a car. Though Tang recognized state leaders have been advocating for companies to move to cities, he said the state should finally take action. “Connecticut should focus on encouraging companies already in the state to move their operations to the center cities,” Tang said. He added, “Connecticut cities need to look more like Boston.” GE’s search for new headquarters began publicly in June. Contact JIAHUI HU at jiahui.hu@yale.edu .
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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 19, 2016 · yaledailynews.com
FROM THE FRONT Elis sign on with Under Armour UNDER ARMOUR FROM PAGE 1 the 2016–17 season. The single exception is for cases in which Under Armour does not produce footwear or equipment for a specific sport, Yale Intercollegiate Equipment Operations Lead Assistant Jeffrey Torre said. In cases like those, teams may use another brand, as long as it is not one of Under Armour’s direct competitors such as Adidas or Nike. “Under Armour, for example, doesn’t make an approved field hockey shoe that they wear on the turf,” Torre said. “[Under Armour] understands that and [the field hockey team] will not be wearing Under Armour [footwear] for games because of that.” All varsity teams will receive newly designed uniforms by the 2016–17 season, Torre said. Because the uniforms are still in their early design stages, no images are currently available to the public. Torre did say that because Yale is an “ultra-traditional” school, the designs will not significantly change, but noted that there will still be some noticeable differences in the look of Yale’s uniforms. “There won’t be anything like digital camo or lightning bolts or anything like that,” Torre said. “You can expect to see the standard navy with white trim or vice versa. Nothing on that end is going to change.” None of the nine athletes interviewed had information on what their uniforms might look like. The only team that will sport non-Under Armour apparel next year will be the Yale men’s basketball team, which will continue its ongoing contract with Nike through the 2016–17 season. But Oiselle, which began sponsoring Yale women’s
cross country and track teams last fall, is suffering a different fate. The upcoming spring season will be Oiselle’s last time outfitting the Bulldogs, a decision Sarah Lesko ’91, a former Yale runner who works at Oiselle’s corporate development office, called “unfortunate and involuntary.” But Lesko added that Oiselle and Yale had never formalized the duration of their deal. “Personally, I’m very sad, but we understand how the world works and how money talks,” Lesko said. Prior to the Under Armour partnership, while some Yale teams had individual contracts with sporting brands — such as football and men’s basketball with Nike — most varsity teams sought out local vendors individually to acquire their apparel, footwear and equipment, Torre said. With the exception of those individual contracts, Yale athletics covered all such expenses, and each team had an operating budget to use for gear. Student-athletes interviewed were hopeful that the deal would make the process of acquiring apparel easier for all teams. “To get more Yale-styled clothing we even have a sophomore assigned to organize private orders of additional gear that everyone on the team has to pay for himself,” heavyweight rower Stephan Riemekasten ’18 said. “This is tricky for team members that have to watch their spending more closely.” Negotiations between Yale’s athletic department and Under Armour began last June through a contact that varsity sports administrator Kevin Discepolo had with the company, O’Neill said. Talks continued through the summer, with meetings taking
place both at Yale and at Under Armour’s headquarters in Baltimore. According to University protocol, the athletic department had to file a “request for proposal” with Yale’s Procurement Office, which gave all companies in the apparel and footwear business an opportunity to bid to be Yale’s apparel provider, O’Neill said. In addition to the size of Under Armour’s bid, O’Neill said Yale was impressed during a visit to the company’s research and development department, specifically by the research that Under Armour conducts to make its equipment safer. “We are thrilled to welcome Under Armour to the Yale Athletics Family,” Director of Athletics Tom Beckett said in a statement. “We are excited to work with a world-class company on a very special partnership that provides our student-athletes with the best sports apparel, footwear and equipment.” Most student-athletes interviewed were supportive of the deal, though distance runner Sarah Healy ’18 noted that “Under Armour sneakers are generally not as good for running as Nike sneakers,” which the team previously wore. Still, Healy expressed excitement about the deal. Many other athletes said they already owned Under Armour gear due to their high quality. Athletes on both the men’s and women’s golf teams were particularly excited for the deal, as Under Armour sponsors Jordan Spieth, last year’s Masters and U.S. Open Champion, whom golf player Elisabeth Bernabe ’17 called a “role model for a lot of golfers worldwide.” Other prominent professional athletes signed to Under Armour include Stephen
O’Connor named new VP VP FROM PAGE 1 semester, I think she could have been very helpful in assisting anyone who wanted to express an opinion around campus issues — issues of inclusion, free expression, racism,” he said. “I’m hoping this semester we’ll be able to move more quickly in helping the outside world hear Yale’s message … and more effectively communicate the kind of campus we want to have here at Yale, rather than having outside media characterize our campus as they imagine it and Yale merely responding to those characterizations.”
My role is to be a bridge builder — to bring the resources of Yale together. EILEEN O’CONNOR Yale Vice President for Communications Salovey said he would also like O’Connor to develop a communications program that advertises the diversity and achievements of Yale. O’Connor said she will more actively engage with the national media on matters concerning racial issues on campus. She added that she is already planning to meet with national reporters who covered the protests last semester to provide context they might have omitted, especially on the relationship between student activists and free speech. “Our job will be to set the record straight, not aggressively or defensively, but in a positive way,” she told the News. “We will engage with the press, especially on the role of students, who I don’t think were denying free speech or coddled — any of those adjectives that were used. This was a healthy conversation that took place on a university campus, which at its very core is about free expression and students who felt their expression
had been denied.” O’Connor added that she will work to improve communications not only between administrators and the larger Yale community, but also among University leaders. She said part of her job is making sure communications gaps are eliminated within the administration — to notify Salovey when necessary and to make sure appropriate administrators are in the loop always. Last semester, Salovey told the News that he was not made aware of an allegedly “white girls only” party at the Sigma Alpha Epsilon house for five days. O’Connor said she will work to ensure that such delays will be avoided in the future. “Administrations need to be dealing with these types of issues — not necessarily the president at first, but deans, masters and faculty as well,” she said. “But that didn’t happen for a variety of reasons last semester, so we have to look at why and make sure it doesn’t happen again.” Senior Advisor to the President Martha Highsmith, who led the search for the inaugural vice president for communications, said O’Connor stood out to her and Salovey partly because of her experience in crisis management in the legal sphere and as a liaison and problem solver at the State Department. O’Connor said while the first component of crisis management is addressing the crisis, it is important to then analyze the issue and work to resolve it. She added that racial conversations on campus were not simply protests, but symptoms of a larger problem. “My role is to be a bridge builder — to bring the resources of Yale together to foster internal communication: communication with student audiences, alumni and the rest of the Yale community, and externally to make sure Yale and what Yale is doing is known to the world,” she said. Contact DAVID SHIMER at david.shimer@yale.edu .
Curry, Lindsey Vonn and Tom Brady. Lesko said she was surprised Under Armour would invest in Yale given that Ivy League athletics see less publicity than many other Division I schools with major sponsorship deals, but noted that the deal might mean that Ivy schools are moving closer to the spotlight of collegiate athletics. O’Neill said there is validation in seeing a big-name apparel brand recognize the value in being associated with an Ivy League athletic department. “Some coaches have come up to me and said ‘Why us?’, and my response is ‘Why not?’” O’Neill said. “If you look at it, Yale athletics is upand-coming and some of our teams are going to take it to the next level and be a force on the national scene. The validation is that Under Armour sees that and wants to be a part of it.” Torre said Under Armour representatives expressed a desire to become partners with either Harvard, Yale or Princeton. He said he believes Under Armour chose Yale because it would be the best fit of the three. O’Neill said that in addition to providing sportswear, Under Armour agreed to help Yale in its marketing and licensing initiatives in order to increase fan attendance, improve the teams’ brands and get more television coverage for Yale teams. No details have been defined yet, and discussions on that end will start at the end of the month, O’Neill said. Under Armour last finalized an all-sports deal with the University of Wisconsin in October of last year. Contact DANIELA BRIGHENTI at daniela.brighenti@yale.edu .
“Treatment of immigrants is one of the greatest injustices done in our government’s name.” BILL GATES MICROSOFT CO-FOUNDER
City confronts immigration raids
LUIS LUNA/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER
Unidad Latina en Accion is an immigrants’ rights organization based in New Haven. ULA FROM PAGE 1 ism that have emerged as a result of the Republican primaries,” the announced raids caused the video’s direction to change, Matos said. She added that the release of the video is a direct appeal for ICE to stop deportations. The video is the latest in a series of social activism disparaging the deportations. ULA led a rally with the New Haven immigrant community on Jan. 6, just days after ICE announced the raids. Harp joined protestors and reassured them that the New Haven Police Department and the rest of her administration would not cooperate with ICE if they came knocking on Elm City doors, ULA organizer Karim Calle said. Calle said many families stopped sending their children to public schools in New Haven, fearing ICE would remove them from classrooms and sequester them. But, Calle said, Harp assured rally
attendees that it was safe for children to attend schools and for undocumented immigrants to be out in public without fear of being taken into federal custody. “We came fleeing from violence and the slavery of child labor,” Luis Miguel Díaz, an indigenous Mayan Guatemalan and New Haven highschool student, said at the rally. “Here we have the right to live and get an education. We have something to give this community. We have found opportunities here, and we won’t let President Obama detain our families and take that away from us.” While ICE has not yet carried out raids in Connecticut, Calle said the federal agency could arrive in New Haven at any time. She said the future for the immigrant community is uncertain. ULA was founded in 2002 by Guatemalan immigrants. Contact REBECCA KARABUS at rebecca.karabus@yale.edu .
YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 19, 2016 · yaledailynews.com
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“Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that.” MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. CIVIL RIGHTS LEADER
Harp urges city to carry on MLK’s legacy BY LIONEL JIN STAFF REPORTER Speaking at the Yale Peabody Museum Sunday afternoon as part of a celebration of Martin Luther King Jr., Mayor Toni Harp put the spotlight squarely on persistent inequalities in access to health care and education, and called on the city to take up King’s legacy. Harp’s speech headlined the Peabody’s weekend of events celebrating King’s legacy of environmental and social justice. Featuring a Teen Summit led by motivational speaker Hashim Garrett, the Zannette Lewis poetry slam and various cultural performances, the weekend’s events drew a crowd of close to 5,000. In a surprise appearance, Connecticut Sen. Chris Murphy made a stop at the museum during Harp’s speech. “Dr. King devoted his life to eliminating the discrimination and the resulting prejudice against those who are different,” Harp said. “Today, we are called upon to renew our commitment to that ideal and to continue to make Dr. King’s dream a reality.” Practices that separate parts of our community and that isolate certain people because of their color, gender and disability remain common, Harp said. Access to health care and education remain unequal, she added. Harp observed that even with the Affordable Care Act, many lack health care coverage and access to health care services. African-Americans and other
minorities are more likely to die of cancer and heart disease than the average American, she said. In New Haven’s schools, differences in access to technology have contributed to a “digital divide” that prevents disadvantaged students from succeeding, Harp said. She added that policies that send students into the streets of New Haven when they misbehave make matter worse. It falls to each of us to continue King’s legacy of peaceful yet active engagement and to work to remove those barriers, Harp said. The Mayor’s Office is working to open health and dental clinics in schools, introduce computers into schools and help suspended kids return to the classroom. “Young people have enormous power when they decide to speak up,” Murphy told the audience. Recalling his own early start in politics and evoking King’s youthful activism, Murphy said, “I know the difference kids can make. Dr. King knew the difference kids can make.” He encouraged students and faculty to find big and small ways to get to know New Haven and to get involved in the community. The Peabody Museum has organized this annual event for the past 20 years to get locals thinking about environmental justice, and more broadly about social justice, Peabody Museum Events Coordinator Josue Irizarry said. “We are in a time right now
LIONEL JIN/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER
Mayor Toni Harp spoke about inequalities in access to health care and education at the Peabody Museum’s commemmoration of MLK Day. where we are having conversations around the country and really around the world about equity and justice, and this is a valuable place to have that forum,” David Heiser, head of education and outreach at the museum said, adding that insti-
tutions like the Peabody have the responsibility to embrace a the history of the earth and its cultures. The museum offered free admissions to its exhibits and to the weekend’s events on Sunday and on Monday. The public
responded in force, with hundreds filling the auditorium and the Great Hall of Dinosaurs. “This is a wonderful event,” Murphy said. “It achieves the dual purpose of honoring Dr. King’s legacy and opening up the museum to kids and families
who would otherwise not have been able to come.” This was the first year that the mayor of New Haven has delivered a speech at the event. Contact LIONEL JIN at chentian.jin@yale.edu .
Vasen, beloved drama teacher, dies at 51 BY DAVID SHIMER STAFF REPORTER Tim Vasen ’87 DRA ’93, a beloved lecturer in the Yale School of Drama, died on Dec. 28 in his Brooklyn home. Vasen is survived by his wife, his two children and a legacy of passion for the arts and mentorship. He was 51 years old. “He was a direct, brave and compassionate respondent to students’ work, and an invaluable member of the Directing Department,” School of Drama Dean James Bundy said of Vasen. “A vibrant member of the Yale community for over 30 years as a student, alumnus and faculty member, Tim will be sorely missed.” After graduating from Yale College summa cum laude in 1987 and the Yale School of Drama six years later, Vasen pursued a career in directing at various professional theaters. From 1997 to 2003, he served as resident director at Center Stage, a professional theater company in Baltimore. He also taught at Princeton full-time beginning in 2003, serving as the university’s director of the program in theatre from 2012 until the time of his death. Throughout this period, Vasen was also a lecturer at the Drama School, where he supervised the production of directors’ theses, taught directing courses and coached graduating actors as they prepared for their professional auditions. Liz Diamond, chair of the Directing Department at the School of Drama, said Vasen was one of her first students and that she was the one who hired him as a lecturer in directing in 2008. “Inviting Tim to teach at Yale was something I had dreamt of doing since his student days. He had such an infectious love for learning,” she said. “I felt he would be a wonderful mentor to young professionals. And indeed he was. The word that best describes what Tim gave his students is encouragement — Tim gave his students the courage of their convictions, the courage to explore, to play in rehearsal.” Diamond said Vasen’s approach to mentoring student directors will have a lasting impact on the Drama School, as the quality of student theses grew markedly stronger under his stewardship. Bundy added that Vasen helped student actors perform for professionals at their best and became an invaluable “champion
and rigorous coach” of student directors. Sara Holdren DRA ’15 developed her director’s thesis, “The Master and Margarita,” under Vasen’s guidance last spring. She said he advised her to pick a project about which she felt passionate, giving her the courage to select the play that she did despite its intimidating size. “Tim was an amazing guy in that he didn’t present like an academic at all — there was nothing pretentious or condescending about him,” Holdren said. “As a mentor, he constantly encouraged students to follow our joy — that was a phrase he liked to use.” Holdren added that Vasen constantly encouraging students to do what made them happy was “necessary and beautiful.” Inviting, friendly and warm, Vasen often felt like a family member to her, Holdren said. Having first worked with Vasen more than two decades ago, Yale professor of acting Ron Van Lieu said he fostered creativity amongst his students. “He was the least cynical theater practitioner I have ever known,” Van Lieu said. “There was no cynicism in him. There was simply a true, unabashed love for what he did and for the people who did it. That promoted freedom and release of imagination amongst his students, as well as a lack of fear. There was no fear or judgment in a room he was in charge of. Without fear and judgment, creativity blossoms.” Van Lieu said unlike many directors, Vasen valued the opinions of his actors. By always supporting his students, Vasen taught them to develop courage and to feel more confident in their instincts, Van Lieu added. Diamond said Vasen’s fondness for Yale grew over the past three decades. “Tim loved Yale because he thrived here,” she said. “He saw it as the place that nurtured his artistry, his intellect, his character. And he was always grateful for that. He said he learned how to learn at Yale, how to think at Yale. Yale opened up the world of art and of drama to him.” Roughly 300 people gathered to remember Vasen on Jan. 3 at a memorial service at Princeton University. The Yale School of Drama will also host a celebration of his life at the University Theatre on Feb. 6. Contact DAVID SHIMER at david.shimer@yale.edu .
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BULLETIN BOARD
TODAY’S FORECAST
Mostly sunny, with a high near 28. Wind chill values between 5 and 15. Blustery, with a northwest wind 14 to 20 mph.
TOMORROW High of 35, low of 21.
THURSDAY High of 33, low of 16.
DOONESBURY BY GARRY TRUDEAU
ON CAMPUS TUESDAY, JANUARY 19 12:00 PM Black Pulp! Curated by artists William Villalongo and Mark Thomas Gibson ART ’13, the exhibition features rare print media, comics and contemporary art from the black diaspora, showcasing the creative use of highly disseminated media to leverage limited notions of black subjectivity and humanity. Yale School of Art, 32 Edgewood Gallery (32 Edgewood Ave.). 2:00 PM Digital Humanities Lab Office Hours. Visit the DHLab during Office Hours to chat over coffee about all things digital humanities. Office Hours provide an opportunity to exchange ideas, discuss methods, and form connections with colleagues from different programs and departments. Sterling Memorial Library (120 High St.), Rm. 316.
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 20 12:30 PM Meant to Be Shared: Selections from the Arthur Ross Collection of European Prints. Join Suzanne Boorsch, the Robert L. Solley curator of prints and drawings, for a tour of the inaugural exhibition of the Arthur Ross Collection, a group of over 1,200 17th- to 20th-century Italian, Spanish and French prints of exceptional quality. Space is limited. Please meet in the Gallery lobby. Yale University Art Gallery (1111 Chapel St.). 5:00 PM Emoji Dick and the Eponymous Whale. Lisa Gitelman, professor of English at New York University, is a media historian whose research concerns American print culture, techniques of inscription and the new media of yesterday and today. She is particularly concerned with tracing the patterns according to which new media become meaningful within and against the contexts of older media. Linsly-Chittenden Hall (63 High St.), Rm. 317.
Interested in drawing cartoons or illustrations for the Yale Daily News? CONTACT ASHLYN OAKES AT ashlyn.oakes@yale.edu
5:30 PM 2016 Martin Luther King Jr. Keynote Address by NAACP President Cornell Brooks. Cornell Brooks LAW ’90 is the president and CEO of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the nation’s oldest and largest grassroots-based civil rights organization. In 2014, he became the 18th person to serve as chief executive of the NAACP, whose members in the United States and worldwide are the premier advocates for civil rights in their communities. Battell Chapel (400 College St.).
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To visit us in person 202 York St. New Haven, Conn. (Opposite JE) FOR RELEASE JANUARY 19, 2016
Los Angeles Times Daily Crossword Puzzle
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CROSSWORD Edited by Rich Norris and Joyce Lewis ACROSS 1 Wading bird in ancient Egyptian art 5 __ of March 9 Dessert “there’s always room for” 14 Like pre-stereo sound 15 Geek Squad pro 16 Stayed home for dinner 17 Dickens classic, itemized 20 Attempt to get 21 Natural history museum item 22 Type of symbol or appeal 23 Prefix with skeleton 24 River inlet 26 Most fit to be drafted 28 Smugly prudish sort, itemized 34 One who makes your skin crawl 35 At rest 36 Diner handout 39 “All in the Family” wife 42 Beehive, e.g. 43 St. Teresa’s home 45 Force out of bed 47 Country/western dance, itemized 51 Chocolatecaramel candy brand 52 “__ Blinded Me With Science”: 1983 hit 53 Fury 56 Pro vote 59 Word before or after “coming” 61 Sherpas’ land 63 Chime in, itemized 66 Yamaha with a bench 67 Syllables before di or da, in a Beatles song 68 “Les Misérables” novelist 69 Proverbial backbreaker 70 “Ghost Hunters” channel 71 Candid
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1/19/16
By Tom Pepper
DOWN 1 Publicist’s concern 2 Wrinkle-removing injection 3 Befuddled 4 Song sung alone 5 “Who am __ judge?” 6 Offset, as costs 7 Caesar’s “Behold!” 8 1862 Tennessee battleground 9 Leadership training group, familiarly 10 List-shortening abbr. 11 Hawaiian wreaths 12 Lo-cal 13 Black gemstone 18 Fielding mishap 19 Ex-Yankee Martinez 25 Tête product 27 On the ball 29 Eye-related 30 Steeple top 31 Joint that may be swiveled 32 Former 33 “Xanadu” rock gp. 36 Pilates class need 37 Grandmother of Enos
Monday’s Puzzle Solved
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38 Negative word often spoken in pig Latin 40 Of the best quality 41 “Quit complaining!” 44 So far 46 Surgical tube 48 Wild plum 49 Upper bodies 50 Make oneself heard
SUDOKU 1:30 INDONESIAN
1/19/16
54 Mountain chain 55 John with nine #1 hits in the U.S. 56 Jabbers 57 Improve text 58 Jewish month before Nisan 60 Beriyo smoothie maker 62 Repeat 64 Put __ show 65 Anti vote
2 4 3 6 8 9 1 9 7 6 4 3 8 9 1 5
6 7 3 8 9 1 2 2 6 5 1 6 3 5 9 7 8 2 3 2 4 7 7 6 3
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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 19, 2016 · yaledailynews.com
SPORTS
“I asked a ref if he could give me a technical foul for thinking bad things about him. He said, of course not. I said, well, I think you stink. And he gave me a technical. You can’t trust em.” JIM VALVANO COLLEGE BASKETBALL COACH
Elis remain victorious at home M. BASKETBALL FROM PAGE 14 on ball movement around the perimeter, they were much more successful: both teams eclipsed 40 percent shooting in the first half. “I thought they hit some shots that were contested, and I thought we relaxed a little bit,” Jones said. “We got a lead, we turned it over often. That intensity we had to start the game, we didn’t carry it through the entire half.” Kuakumensah ended up with a team-high 18 points, narrowly ahead of teammate Tavon Blackmon, who fouled out after adding 17 points from the point guard position. Yale point guard Makai Mason ’18 led all scorers with 20 points, including six from the charity stripe in the final three minutes. The foul line was a popular destination late in the contest on Saturday, as the Bulldogs took 16 shots from the charity stripe in the final six minutes of play, making 12. In fact, Yale did not convert a field-goal attempt after a layup by guard Nick Victor ’16 at the six-minute mark. “We knew we were in the bonus, so we just had to get to the free-throw line, make our free throws, and we’d be alright,” Victor said. Though Mason and forward Justin Sears ’16, who currently sit at third and fourth in the Ivy League with 16.1 and 16.0 points per game, respectively, made several key baskets to lift Yale at key points, Sears did not score a single point in the second half, in part due to foul trouble. A scary moment came with 12:15 remaining in the game,
when Sears and Brown’s Travis Fuller got tangled underneath the rim and there was contact between the two after the whistle sounded. After a long period of deliberation among the officials, Sears was issued a flagrant-1 foul, his fourth of the night. “[The referees] said there was a skirmish for the ball, and the kid on the other team made a basketball play and [Sears] pushed off,” Jones said. “I asked [the referee] if there was anything that prompted the pushing off, and he said no.” Minutes later, Sears fouled out in a play that Jones said he wanted to see on film, as he did not see contact during the play. After the game, both Sears and Jones expressed confusion at some of the officiating. Jones said the Bulldogs’ last three games have seen inconsistent refereeing. “It was just one of those days,” Sears said. “The game got a little choppy with those foul calls, but props to my teammates for rallying. Coach jokes that in practice, whenever I get taken out I get a little upset, but it’s good for the team to learn how to play when I’m not out on the floor. They had no problem, and really rallied around that.” With the reigning Ivy League Player of the Year limited to nine minutes in the second half, Mason led Yale with 12 points in the period, with Victor not far behind with 11 of his own. In addition to notching 15 points total, Victor snatched 11 rebounds, blocked four shots and assisted on four baskets. His standout season continues a year removed from a knee
Doherty ’17 returns to action
injury which limited him to just six games in the 2014–15 season. “He’s developed a great deal … but he’s always had confidence in his ability to shoot the ball and be a good player,” Jones said. “It’s nice that, his senior year, it’s come to fruition. Last year, preseason, he was our best player. He played better in practice than Justin [Sears] and Javier [Duren ’15] and then he got hurt … He’s a real contributor to our team.” Victor averages 7.6 points and 6.9 rebounds per game, in addition to 51.7 percent shooting from three-point range, secondbest in the Ivy League. On Saturday, the Dallas native also cashed in on all four of his attempts from the free-throw line. All five Yale starters wound up in double-digits, as captain and guard Jack Montague ’16 scored 11 points while forward Brandon Sherrod ’16 registered 13 points. Sherrod also grabbed 10 rebounds to complete a doubledouble. The Bulldogs will not be able to put the Bears in their rearview mirror quite yet, as the two teams will match up again next weekend in Providence. “I told the team that I expect that we’re going to have 13 more nights just like this one,” Jones said. “It’s going to be hardfought, you’re going to have to get over frustrations on the court and fight through it and play hard together and hopefully, come out victorious.” Tipoff against Brown is scheduled for 5 p.m. on Saturday.
M. HOCKEY FROM PAGE 14 “Lyon was just his usual self this weekend,” forward Mike Doherty ’17 said. “Friday we didn’t have our best game, but he kept us in all night and gave us an opportunity to win.” Doherty, who played this weekend for the first time since Nov. 13 due to injury, made a statement in his return with an assist in each game. The first of two goals to slip by Lyon came just 2:17 into the game to give Brown an early lead. Twenty-nine saves from Lyon followed, giving Yale plenty of time to score an equalizer. Despite scoring opportunities for both forwards Ryan Hitchcock ’18 and John Hayden ’17 in the first period, the tying goal did not come until late in the second period. Forward Joe Snively ’19 beat a defender down the ice for a one-on-one shot that sailed over the shoulder of netminder Tim Ernst to bring the score to 1–1. Two Eli tallies in the third off the sticks of forwards Stu Wilson ’16 and JM Piotrowski ’19 pushed Yale into the lead. The goal was the first of Piotrowski’s collegiate career. A late goal by Brown with less than three minutes to go brought the Bears within one, but the Bulldogs stayed on top for a win at home. “Brown was a tough opponent, but we stuck to our systems and ultimately prevailed,” Hayden said. “We want to play the same style regardless of the opponent or score, but pressure situations
Contact JACOB MITCHELL at jacob.mitchell@yale.edu and MAYA SWEEDLER at maya.sweedler@yale.edu .
SAMANTHA GARDNER/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER
Forward Mike Doherty ’17 returned from injury this weekend and tallied two assists in two games. provide extra motivation.” The two opponents then traveled to Providence for the second game in the series. Despite a quick start in the first matchup of the weekend, the first goal in Saturday’s contest did not come until early in the second period, when freshman Max Gottlieb scored his second goal of the season to put Brown on the board. Although the Elis took just five shots during the second period, a one-timer from Hitchcock hit the right post and deflected into the goal to tie up the game with just 38 seconds remaining before the final frame. A scoreless third stanza sent the game into overtime, where Yale dominated 4–1 in shots as Hart scored his sec-
ond goal as a Bulldog with a shot to the upper left corner just 1:27 into the overtime period. “[Defenseman] Rob O’Gara ’16 collected the puck in our zone and gave a breakout pass to Mike Doherty, who took the puck up the boards and into the offensive zone,” Hart said. “Once he passed the blue line I found some empty space in the middle, Mike put the puck right on my stick and I took a quick shot over the goalie’s blocker.” With its nonconference season now behind them, the Bulldogs will hit the road once again this weekend for contests against ECAC opponents Clarkson and St. Lawrence. Contact HOPE ALLCHIN at hope.allchin@yale.edu .
1–0 start to conference season W. BASKETBALL FROM PAGE 14 down [its] offensive sets with our intense pressure defense,” Simpson said. Despite the outstanding allaround performance, the Bulldogs were not entirely able to stop star freshman guard Shayna Mehta, who shot a game-high 16 points and bested her per-game
average of 13.4. Following a trend from the season, the Bulldogs also struggled with turnovers, committing 19 against Brown, a number Simpson deemed “unacceptable.” “We had a lot of traveling calls and unforced turnovers that we really need to focus on and clean up,” Sarju said. “Taking care
of the ball is very important to doing well in the future.” Sarju also noted that the team avoided being overconfident after the blowout victory, as it was only the first Ivy game of the season. Players credited much of the team’s success in the Ivy opener to a difficult nonconference schedule, which the Bulldogs
finished over the break. Between Dec. 12 and Jan. 10, Yale defeated Stony Brook, Illinois State and New Hampshire but fell to Indiana, Boston College and regular NCAA tournament competitor Albany. Yale had the most intensive nonconference schedule of any team in the Ivy League, both in number of games played and
Point-less weekend W. HOCKEY FROM PAGE 14 Yet despite penalty trouble and falling behind early on, Yale stormed back in the second period. The tables turned as the Elis rocketed three shots of their own past Big Red goalkeeper Marlene Boissonnault. Meanwhile, O’Brien held Cornell scoreless for the entirety of the second period in just her second career appearance. “We did a good job moving the puck fast up the ice on turnovers and attacking the net with speed,” forward Hanna Åström ’16 said. “Another factor that contributed to our success in the second period was that we were more aggressive on the forecheck and were able to keep the puck in the offensive zone for a longer time.” Cornell and Yale then exchanged goals, and the score was locked at 4–4 with just five minutes remaining in the third period. However, a cross-checking penalty on forward Phoebe Staenz ’17 led to a quick strike for Cornell that proved decisive. It was again Brown who lit the lamp on the power play, and she followed that up with another score with less than a minute to play to earn her a hat trick and seal the Big Red victory. “The game was a disappointment because we actually feel like we outplayed them and were the better team,” forward Jamie Haddad ’16 said. “But sometimes the better team doesn’t win.” After the loss against Cornell, the Elis traveled to Hamilton, New York to challenge No. 10 Colgate in another ECAC battle. This time around, the first period saw Yale jump out to a quick start. In the first four minutes, Yale scored two goals — one by Ferrara and the second by defenseman Julia Yetman ’19 on a power play. “We tightened it up defensively for Colgate and moved the puck well,” Ferrara said. “We were able to get the lead early on in the game and pushed the
in quality of their opponents, according to captain and guard Whitney Wyckoff ’16. “The competition was mostly similar or better than what we will face in the Ivy League, so at this point we have the confidence that we know how and have the ability to beat any team that we face in the Ivy League,” Wyckoff said.
After returning to New Haven for practice more than two weeks before the start of classes, the Yale men’s and women’s squash teams quickly returned to form with seven wins in eight matches.
SQUASH
Goaltender Hanna Mandl ’17, above, was replaced in net by Kyra O’Brien ’19 during Friday’s game against Cornell. pace for the rest of it.” Before the first period ended, the Raiders pushed back against the Bulldogs. Colgate’s leading scorer Bailey Larson collected the puck from teammate Cat Quirion to put their team on the board. Larson beat O’Brien, who set up in between the pipes for her first career start. By the end of the second period, O’Brien had denied 19 of Colgate’s 22 shot attempts in a game that entered the third period tied at 3–3. “It was really exciting to have my first start against Colgate,” O’Brien said. “Although I was nervous, once the game started I felt more confident and comfortable.” Early on in the final period, Yale failed to capitalize on a power-play opportunity, despite five unanswered shots. Those five were indicative of a theme in the third period, as the Bulldogs outshot the Raiders 13–4 in the period. “We needed to finish on the offensive opportunities that we had earlier on,” Haddad said. For more than 18 minutes in the final
frame, neither side could push ahead, but with 1:33 remaining in the contest, Raider forward Megan Sullivan scored her eighth goal of the season to earn Colgate the victory. Yale head coach Joakim Flygh called a time out for the Bulldogs immediately following the goal and soon thereafter pulled O’Brien from the cage. Though Yale mustered three shots within the last minute and half of the game, none found the back of the net for an equalizer. “In order for us to win, we have to stay disciplined throughout the entire game,” Åström said. “I believe we were the better team in both games this weekend. I know that if we only stay disciplined and play our style of hockey, we could go undefeated for the rest of the regular season. It is all up to us at this point.” Yale returns to Ingalls Rink this weekend to kick off a stretch of three consecutive home games, beginning Friday night against Union at 7 p.m. Contact NICOLE WELLS at nicole.wells@yale.edu .
Contact LISA QIAN at lisa.qian@yale.edu .
Yale wins seven of eight over break BY GRIFFIN SMILOW CONTRIBUTING REPORTER
ROBBIE SHORT/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER
Penn, Harvard and Cornell also won their opening conference games and sit with Yale atop the Ivy League standings. The Bulldogs will continue their Ivy schedule by playing Brown again, this time in Providence, on Saturday at 2 p.m.
Both teams won at home against Ivy foes Cornell and Columbia, and the No. 2 men (5–1, 3–0 Ivy) moved on to top St. Lawrence and fall to Rochester during a weekend road trip that head coach David Talbott called “as tough a one as you can have in college squash.” The No. 4 women (6–0, 3–0), meanwhile, handily dealt with Amherst and Hamilton in a pair of 9–0 victories. “With all the training we have done over the past month, we are playing really good squash and feel confident about our games moving forward,” No. 1 Jenny Scherl ’17 said. The women’s perfect winter break began on Jan. 9 with a dominant sweep of No. 7 Cornell, followed by an 8–1 victory over No. 8 Columbia the next day. In the Bulldogs’ wins over No. 16 Amherst and No. 19 Hamilton the following Saturday, Yale saw only one of the 18 matches go beyond three games. Heading into a home match against No. 6 Trinity on Wednesday, the Yale women have suffered only two individual match losses in six team wins. “The team was playing really well and got to work on different tactics that will come in handy on Wednesday,” Scherl said. The men’s 8–1 victory over No. 12 Cornell saw six of the nine matches won by Yale in just three games, including in five of the top six spots on the ladder. The Bulldogs’ 7–2 victory over No. 8 Columbia demonstrated an improvement from last season, when the team lost 5–4 to the Lions twice.
Yale’s next two matches proved more of a challenge, as Yale defeated No. 6 St. Lawrence by a score of 6–3 — the team’s closest win of the season — before dropping a 5–4 decision against No. 7 Rochester. “It was a long weekend on the road,” said Pierson Broadwater ’18, whose individual win clinched Yale’s victory over St. Lawrence. “We knew going into it that it was going to be tough, but coming off of our win against Columbia we felt confident. Saturday [against St. Lawrence] we all played great squash up and down the lineup.” Though St. Lawrence took the top three matches, the Bulldogs’ depth proved key as they swept the bottom six. Talbott noted that St. Lawrence boasts three of the top players in collegiate squash, including Amr Khalifa, who placed second in the 2013–14 individual collegiate championships. The next day against Rochester, the Elis once again saw success at the bottom half of the team, with wins coming from the No. 5, 6, 8 and 9 positions, but they were unable to pry a win from any of Rochester’s top four. Tied 4–4, the contest came down to the final match at the No. 4 position between Yale’s Kah Wah Cheong ’17 and Rochester freshman Tomotaka Endo. Cheong won a tight 13–11 match in the third game to take a 2–1 lead, but ultimately fell in the next two to give Endo the victory. “[We’re] still on track with goals of winning an Ivy League Championship and taking a shot at the year-end National Championship,” Talbott said. “Rochester will be one of five to six teams that can win the tournament.” For now, the Bulldogs have their sights set on perennial rival Trinity, which they will host this Wednesday night in the Brady Squash Center. Both teams start play at 6 p.m. Contact GRIFFIN SMILOW at griffin.smilow@yale.edu .
YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 19, 2016 · yaledailynews.com
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YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 19, 2016 · yaledailynews.com
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY E-CIGARETTES WITH HIGH ALCOHOL LEVELS IMPAIR PSYCHOMOTOR SKILLS
BY GRACE CASTILLO STAFF REPORTER
CATHERINE PENG/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR
WIKIMEDIA COMMONS
Using e-cigarettes containing liquids with high percentages of alcohol can impact users’ psychomotor skills, according to a new study from the Yale School of Medicine. The study targeted alcohol levels in e-cigarettes, whose liquid substances include variable levels of alcohol because they are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration. Even though many nicotine liquids do not contain alcohol, or contain only trace amounts of alcohol, the lack of labeling makes it difficult for users to obtain compete and accurate information about products, according to researchers. In the study, which is the first to systematically study the effects of inhaled alcohol from e-cigarettes, researchers tested 16 participants’ feelings of intoxication, psychomotor skills and levels of nicotine and alcohol after they inhaled one of two different nicotine mixtures from the same e-cigarette. One mixture was 0.4 percent alcohol, while the other was 23.5 percent alcohol. Study participants took the same dexterity test multiple times, and users that inhaled the first mixture slightly improved their performances on the test, while users that inhaled the second, higher-alcohol vapor did not demonstrate the same improvements. However, the groups did not report any difference in subjective feelings of intoxication. Their finding, that higheralcohol e-cigarette liquids negatively impact users’ psychomotor skills, is an important piece of a complex puzzle, study authors said. “There are many different types of concerns regarding the use of e-cigarettes, specifically regarding ingredients that are in e-liquids and the effects of these added chemicals on health,” study coauthor and medical school clinician Gerald Valentine said. He noted that alcohol was one such
unlabeled ingredient in some e-cigarette liquids. According to study co-author and medical school professor emeritus Peter Jatlow, three subjects in the higher-alcohol group tested positive for the alcohol metabolite ethyl glucuronide, which verified that those subjects had absorbed alcohol along with the nicotine. The study’s findings may have varied implications for different users. For example, psychomotor impairment is not a concern for people smoking most conventional, drugstore e-cigarettes such as Blu, Valentine said. However, he noted that the findings may be very relevant to certain subgroups, such as vaping enthusiasts who mix their own nicotine liquids from online recipes. Many forms of e-cigarettes may be beneficial for certain users, such as those who are trying to quit smoking, Valentine said. According to School of Medicine professor Mehmet Sofuoglu, another study co-author, the available evidence from shortterm studies suggests that e-cigarettes are less harmful than traditional tobacco cigarettes. “Given the widespread and unregulated use of e-cigarettes, especially by youth and other vulnerable populations, further studies are needed to evaluate both the acute safety and long-term health risks of using alcohol-containing e-cigarettes,” Sofuoglu said. Future studies will likely come out of this research, Valentine said. Potential further directions include research about the threshold of impairment, long-term effects and the potential reinforcing properties of inhaling nicotine and alcohol simultaneously. By 2014, roughly 12 percent of American adults had tried e-cigarettes at least once, according to a study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Contact GRACE CASTILLO at grace.castillo@yale.edu .
Monkeys, like humans, motivated by spite BY APARNA NATHAN STAFF REPORTER Humans might not be the only primates motivated by spite, according to recent research at Yale. The study, published in Evolution and Human Behavior, looks at capuchin monkeys’ tendency to punish a peer when faced with an unfair distribution of resources. The monkeys were presented with a scenario in which they shared food, and researchers were able to observe their behavior under varying conditions of inequity and social pressure to gain insight into the evolutionary origins of punishment. “This study provides some of the first evidence that psychological motivations like spite may not be as unique to humans as previously thought,” said psychology professor Laurie Santos, a study co-author, in an email to the News. Humans punish others who violate social norms, and previous studies have observed that chimpanzees behave similarly, Santos said. This study was designed to identify the same punishment behavior in capuchin monkeys, a more distant relative of humans, she added.
We thought it would be interesting to see what capuchins do in this paradigm and how it differs from chimpanzees. KRISTIN LEIMGRUBER Study Co-Author Capuchin monkeys are more cooperative, but also a lot more averse to inequity, said Kristin Leimgruber, a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University and study co-author. In previous studies, they have demonstrated a willingness to help a partner get food as long as it was equally shared, said Sarah Brosnan, a Georgia State University professor who has conducted research with Leimgruber in the past, but was not involved with this study. “Given these social differences, we thought it would be interesting to see what capuchins do in this paradigm and how it differs from chimpanzees,” Leimgruber said. The setup in this experiment was nearly identical to a setup previously used with chimpanzees, Leimgruber said. Food was placed on a wooden table with a collapsible extension controlled by a rope. If the rope was pulled, anything on top of the collapsed section would fall into an inaccessible container
below the table. Certain iterations of the experiment only involved one monkey, while others centered on the interactions of two monkeys located at opposite ends of the table: the subject — who had the option to collapse the table and remove the shared food source — and its partner. Researchers tested two conditions in which the subject could react to inequitable distribution of the food. In the first condition, which tested the subject’s reaction to unintentional inequity, the experimenter moved the food source closer to the partner. In the other condition, intended to simulate intentional theft, the partner had access to a rope with which he could pull the food closer to him. Researchers measured how often the subject would collapse the table under each of these conditions. The results of the experiments showed that the subjects chose to collapse the table more often when there was an inequitable distribution of food, but they did so at the same frequency regardless of whether the imbalance was intentional. Leimgruber said they were surprised by how often the subjects chose to punish their partner. Santos said the finding was surprising because it showed that capuchins were spiteful and were willing to hurt others at cost to themselves. Other researchers have suggested that spite reinforces cooperation because it disincentivizes unfairness, Leimgruber said. “This definitely causes us to reconsider spiteful behavior in a different way,” Leimgruber said. “It might be more broadly tied to cooperative behavior. It might not be exclusively human.” Another factor that varied was the distance between the two monkeys and the rest of their social group. The presence of an audience of peers is thought to influence the decision to punish, but the study found that the subjects collapsed the table at the same rate with or without an audience. Brosnan lauded the study for using a number of controls that distinguished between whether the subject’s decision to collapse the table was due to general frustration or a targeted punishment. She added that it was interesting that the results differed from the results of the chimpanzee experiment, in which the chimpanzees demonstrated sensitivity to intention as well as inequity. “It will be interesting to see what future work uncovers about the role of punishment in maintaining social relationships and cooperation and how this varies across different primate species,” Brosnan said in an email. Capuchin monkeys are native to South America. Contact APARNA NATHAN at aparna.nathan@yale.edu .
DAN GORODEZKY/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR
YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 19, 2016 · yaledailynews.com
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“This is the power of gathering: it inspires us, delightfully, to be more hopeful, more joyful, more thoughtful: in a word, more alive.” ALICE WATERS AMERICAN CHEF, RESTAURATEUR, ACTIVIST AND AUTHOR
Study seeks cure for diabetes and depression CATHERINE YANG/STAFF ILLUSTRATOR
BY NATALINA LOPEZ STAFF REPORTER In a recent study, the drug ketamine has proven to reduce symptoms of chronic depression. Several Yale School of Medicine researchers, including postdoctoral associate in psychiatry Sophie Dutheil and psychiatry professor Ronald Duman, began by examining the effects of highfat diets on laboratory rats. The team then analyzed the potential that ketamine, also known as Special K and sometimes used as a recreational drug, has to reverse the symptoms of highfat-diets, which often include anxiety and depressive behav-
ior. Their research — supported by Yale, the Connecticut Mental Health Center and American global pharmaceutical corporation Eli Lilly and Company — has also identified specific pathways that trigger depressive behaviors, along with prospective new therapeutic techniques for those suffering from these types of illnesses. According to a Yale press release, ketamine activates a pathway responsible for creation of synaptic connections which become damaged by stress and depression. This same pathway is also involved with cell metabolism, meaning that people at a higher risk for metabolic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes also have
a higher risk for depression. “The motivation for this study was to find the cure for Type 2 diabetes and depression,” Dutheil said. High-fat diets — ones which prominently feature processed foods rich in saturated fats — have resulted in growing levels of obesity across Western countries, including the United States. This epidemic has led to numerous “health complications and excessive economic costs,” according to the paper. Duman and Dutheil’s research has lasted a total of three years since they began experimentation. Duman explained that the study was a challenge due
to the overall originality of their research. The team needed to test the amount of time necessary for the rats to eat fattening foods and produce symptoms of depression. They discovered that a 16-week process worked the best, Duman added. The study found that, after four months on the high fat diet of six times the normal amount of fat, pathways involved with both synaptic plasticity and metabolism were disrupted, and the rats exhibited signs of depression and anxiety. But after a single, small dose of ketamine, many of these symptoms were reversed. But although Dutheil found
ketamine effective in reversing the symptoms of depression, the drug also has some small, negative side effects including hallucinations and motor effects such as slurring of speech. She explained that for commercial use, it may make sense to find another drug. “I think the main point of the study is understanding the mechanisms that contribute to depression,” Yale School of Medicine professor Gerard Sanacora said. “The fact that ketamine can reverse it is just a model.” According to the study, the results open new avenues to understanding the connections between nutrition, insulin dys-
function, inflammation and psychiatric behavioral disorders. Gerard noted that the more interesting effects were on the neuroinflammatory process. Despite the significant findings, Duman underscored that the study was a piece of a larger puzzle aimed at eradicating depression. The animal use of male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 200 to 230 grams at the beginning of the HFD administration was approved by the Yale Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Contact NATALINA LOPEZ at natalina.lopez@yale.edu .
Study finds age stereotypes an indicator for Alzheimer’s BY APARNA NATHAN STAFF REPORTER A new Yale study suggests that negative perceptions of the elderly may be more harmful than some expected. Researchers at Yale, along with a team from the National Institute of Aging, have found that individuals who hold negative stereotypes of aging are more likely to develop brain abnormalities characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease. The longitudinal study used imaging of subjects’ brains to identify neurological biomarkers and correlated these results with initial measurements of attitudes toward the elderly. “I’ve been interested in the question of whether cultural beliefs, or how a culture conceptualizes an older member, affect individuals’ health,” said Becca Levy, study co-author and professor of epidemiology at the Yale School of Public Health. “We thought there might be a direct impact, but the degree to which we saw change was surprising.” Levy said the study was inspired by two separate theories. First, past studies had shown that people with more negativity experience more stress-related health events. Secondly, stress, in turn, affects the brain — specifically, the hippocampus, which is related to memory. The researchers designed a pair of studies to determine whether negative age stereotypes would cause measurable changes in the brain, specifically a decrease in hippocampal volume and an increased accumulation of amyloid plaques — a buildup of toxic proteins — and neurofibrillary tangles, which are twisted protein fibers. These changes are all symptomatic of Alzheimer’s disease, according to a December press release that accompanied the study. Subjects were selected from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Their initial negative age stereotypes were scored based on their agreement with a series of statements, such as “Old people are absent-minded.” Hippocampal volume was measured with annual MRIs. Corinna Loeckenhoff, professor
of human development at Cornell University and gerontology at Weill Cornell Medical College, said the MRI data was a strength of the study, as it allowed researchers to actually observe pathological brain changes related to developing dementia. Researchers found that hippocampal volume decreased three times more quickly in subjects with initial negative age stereotypes. Brain samples taken from subjects who donated their brains to science after their death were analyzed to identify amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Subjects with more negative age stereotypes had higher levels of plaques and tangles. In order to demonstrate causation, the initial negative perceptions were measured over 20 years before the plaques and tangles were measured, and all subjects were originally dementia-free. Levy said she hopes that future studies can elucidate the mechanism by which stress causes these brain changes, which the researchers were not able to directly study, since it might offer important insight into potential interventions. Past studies have shown that age stereotypes can be shifted — negative stereotypes can be reduced, and positive stereotypes can be bolstered, Levy said, adding that with proper intervention to modify this risk factor, there could be a beneficial impact on quality of life. According to Loeckenhoff, this will be a challenge. Levy and Loeckenhoff both noted that beliefs about aging develop at a young age, so any intervention would have to be continuous, rather than a onetime effort, Loeckenhoff said. “It’s non-trivial,” Loeckenhoff said. “Trying to change expectations of aging requires changing expectations built up over a lifetime.” Alzheimer’s disease affects as many as 5 million people in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Contact APARNA NATHAN at aparna.nathan@yale.edu .
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“We have the confidence that we know how and have the ability to beat any team that we face in the Ivy League.”
MAKAI MASON ’18 TOP DOG In leading Yale to victory in its Ivy League opener, Mason continued his stellar play with a game-high 20 points which earned him the Ivy League Player of the Week. Mason is third in the Ancient Eight in scoring and assists.
DERRICK HENRY ’BAMA BACK HONORED AT YALE At the 49th annual Black Tie National Awards Dinner, Henry was recognized as the Walter Camp Player of the Year less than a week removed from winning the national championship with Alabama.
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WHITNEY WYCKOFF ’16 CAPTAIN, W. BASKETBALL YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, JANUARY 19, 2016 · yaledailynews.com
Men’s hockey sweeps Brown
Men’s title defense off to positive start MEN’S BASKETBALL
next weekend.” The Elis had come off a strong performance at the Desert Hockey Classic in Glendale, Arizona, where Yale competed in the championship game but lost the title to Michigan Tech in a shootout decision. Brown, despite just a single win in December, opened the new year with an even bigger performance, taking down defending national champion and current No. 3 Providence in a 4–3 overtime victory in the Annual Mayor’s Cup. Friday marked the Elis’ return to both Ingalls Rink and ECAC play in 2016. Goaltender Alex Lyon ’17 was the highlight for Yale, saving a season-high 34 shots while Brown outshot Yale 36–22.
BY HOPE ALLCHIN STAFF REPORTER For the first time this conference season, the No. 12 Yale men’s hockey team took home four points this past weekend after a pair of close wins in a home-andhome series against Brown.
MEN’S HOCKEY
YALE DAILY NEWS
Forward Justin Sears ’16 scored 12 first-half points before being shut out in the second half, in part due to foul trouble. BY JACOB MITCHELL AND MAYA SWEEDLER STAFF REPORTERS The Yale men’s basketball team opened its Ivy championship defense with a 77–68 win over Brown at home on Saturday in the teams’ conference opener. The victory kicks off a 14-game league campaign for the Bulldogs, who will seek to earn an outright title this year after sharing the championship with Harvard last season. The start-and-stop affair, which saw 49 fouls called on the two teams, had several swings of momentum, though
Brown’s latest lead of the game was a mere 4–2 advantage. “We haven’t had a game like this in a long time,” head coach James Jones said. “This is the first non-double digit win we’ve had this season, so that being said, it was nice to be able to play well enough to win it down the stretch. I thought our defense was stellar throughout the entire game, which really gave us a chance to win.” Jones’ squad was coming off a four-game nonconference winning streak over the winter break, during which the Bulldogs averaged 81.8 points per game. The Elis (10–5, 1–0 Ivy)
steamrolled Central Connecticut State 62–42 on Dec. 30 and translated that momentum into double-digit victories over Hartford, New Jersey Institute of Technology and Daniel Webster. Behind those four victories, Yale moved to 5–0 at home with an average margin of victory of 27.6 points in those contests. Tabbed as preseason favorites to claim the Ivy crown, Yale continued its home dominance in the early going against Brown (5–10, 0–1). The first eight minutes was all Yale, as the Elis quickly built up a
21–4 lead behind a stellar 19–0 run and dominated Brown on defense, forcing five turnovers over that six-minute period. However, the Bears did not roll over. Aided by 10 Bulldog turnovers from that point forward, Brown roared back from the 17-point deficit to cut Yale’s lead to six by the time the buzzer sounded. Brown’s initial offensive attack relied heavily on forward and threeyear captain Cedric Kuakumensah, who made just four of his 16 attempts from the field. Once the Bears began to focus SEE M. BASKETBALL PAGE 10
Elis win Ivy opener
IRENE JIANG/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR
Guard Lena Munzer ’17 grabbed eight rebounds off the bench in Yale’s 81–54 win over Brown. BY LISA QIAN CONTRIBUTING REPORTER After earning an even 3–3 record in six nonconference games over the past month, the Yale women’s basketball team both concluded its winter break and began its Ivy League season on a high note with a commanding 81–54 home win over Brown on Saturday.
WOMEN’S BASKETBALL Four Bulldog guards — Nyasha Sarju ’16, Meghan McIntyre ’17, Tamara Simpson ’18 and Mary Ann Santucci ’18 — hit double digits in points against the Bears
(12–3, 0–1 Ivy), contributing to Yale’s (10–8, 1–0) best offensive performance of the year. The Elis matched their attack with an equally effective defense, limiting Brown to its lowest point total of the season. “We came out with an intensity and a focus on our defense and though we had our lulls, we sustained [this] defensive focus for the majority of the game,” Sarju said. “The way we attacked the boards was crucial in our win, both in terms of a one-anddone mentality on the defensive end and in terms of giving ourselves more than one chance by attacking the offensive glass.” Although the Bulldogs jumped
to an early five-point lead, Brown tied the score at 12 with three minutes to go in the first quarter. Sarju then hit six points, giving Yale a significant lead that the team would only build on for the rest of the game. McIntyre took over as the star in the second quarter, scoring 10 points — a point a minute — and accounting for half of Yale’s total offense in the frame. Yale saved its best performance for the fourth quarter, however, doubling Brown’s point total with 24 points. The Bulldogs built a lead as large as 28 points at one point, which was only diminished in the last minute of the game. Yale’s field-goal shooting proved to be the difference in the second half, as the Elis hit all of their free throws in the half while making exactly 50 percent of their field-goal attempts. Overall, Yale outshot Brown from every point on the court, shooting 44.8 percent from the field and 86.7 percent from the free-throw line, compared to 35.1 and 71.4 percent, respectively, for the Bears. The Bulldogs also limited Brown to just two second-chance points, largely due to dominance on the glass with a 19–5 advantage in offensive rebounds. “I was very impressed by how the team handled Brown on the defensive end, which was a result of a hard week of practice where the main focus was shutting SEE W. BASKETBALL PAGE 10
STAT OF THE DAY 28
The Bulldogs (11–4–3, 5–3–2 ECAC Hockey) rallied from a onegoal deficit to take down the Bears (4–10–3, 2–7–2) in both contests, first with a late three-goal run on Friday and then with an overtime goal by forward Ted Hart ’19 on Saturday. “It was great to sweep Brown and get four points for the standings,” Hart said. “Hopefully we can carry this momentum into
SEE M. HOCKEY PAGE 10
SAMANTHA GARDNER/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER
Forward Stu Wilson ’16 scored a goal on Friday night and assisted on another on Saturday.
Yale falls in two close calls BY NICOLE WELLS STAFF REPORTER Heading into this past weekend, just two points separated the fifth- through 10th-place teams in the women’s ECAC Hockey standings, including Yale. But after two tight road losses, the Bulldogs fell to 10th place with six weeks remaining for Yale to improve in conference play.
WOMEN’S HOCKEY Despite an impressive comeback against Cornell (8–8–3, 4–5–3 ECAC) on Friday and a two-goal lead against Colgate (14–4–6, 6–2–4) on Saturday, neither resulted in any points for the Bulldogs, who could not build off a 5–2 victory over St. Lawrence on Jan. 9. With the pair of defeats, Yale (5–13–1, 4–7– 1) is now 1–5 this calendar year, which has been a difficult stretch marked by four opponents ranked amongst the top 10 teams in the nation. “I think we need to work on playing more disciplined team defense, and being able to put together a full 60 minutes of our best hockey,” captain and forward Janelle Ferrara ’16 said. “Our third period has to be better, and this upcoming weekend is a great chance for us to focus on that and get four points.” Yale has allowed 23 goals over its past six games, and in
its last five losses, the Elis have been outscored 8–1 in the third period. On Friday, the Bulldogs met fellow Ivy league foe Cornell at Lynah Rink in Ithaca, New York. Despite Yale outshooting the Big Red 7–5 in the first period, the Elis quickly found themselves in a hole after a slew of Cornell shots beat goalkeeper Hanna Mandl ’17 within a four-minute span. Before the first period had concluded, Yale faced a 3–0 deficit. Two of the Big Red’s three goals were scored by its two leading scorers, forwards Jess Brown and Pippy Gerace, and the offensive onslaught led to a change in net, with Kyra O’Brien ’19 taking Man-
dl’s place. Brown’s goal, the first one for Cornell, resulted 47 seconds into the first powerplay opportunity for either side, when defenseman Taylor Marchin ’17 was called for tripping. Yale was penalized three more times, and Cornell’s eventual go-ahead goal came in the third period on another power-play opportunity. “We played some really great hockey for long stretches of time against Cornell, but ran into penalty trouble causing us to lose momentum at key moments in the game,” said forward Krista Yip-Chuck ’17. SEE W. HOCKEY PAGE 10
ROBBIE SHORT/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER
Forward Eden Murray ’18 tallied one goal and one assist in Yale’s two games over the weekend.
REBOUNDING MARGIN, IN FAVOR OF YALE, OF THE YALE–BROWN WOMEN’S BASKETBALL GAME ON SATURDAY AFTERNOON. The Elis snatched 52 rebounds in their 81–54 win, while the Bears recorded just 24.