URBAN DESIGN SITE
ANALYSIS & CASES STUDY
SITE
ANALYSIS
JERASH DOWNTOWN
URBAN DESIGN Definition what is urban regeneration -urban regeneration definition It is a change in a cheek that arose from the regeneration in particular, and the urban scientist Roy For bey supervised the concept of renewal that appeared in 1980 and continued to this day, which is a comprehensive process to find solutions to the environmental problems of the urban area, which works to renew the city to improve the quality of life from During the variation of urban decline, deserted areas and work to improve and strengthen the infrastructure. History & Theory historical progression of urban regeneration Urban planning and urban development go back to the Roman era when Augustus began rebuilding Rome, and the Industrial Revolution had a great reason for building cities in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as urban planning tended to concentrate on the owners of maintenance. In the twentieth century, architecture was of great importance and in the seventies, planning was To improve cities instead of renewal, it began in Britain and America. In the eighties, it aimed at economic development. In the nineties, the benefits of the environment, improvement of green areas, and a focus on economic and social activity and environmental protection were recognized. principles Urban regeneration A number of principles have been identified for the distinctive features of urban renewal, including: 1- It is based on a detailed analysis of the current situation and clarifies developments 2- Adaptation to the physical, social and economic structures of the region 3Implementing this adaptation through a complete strategy to achieve goals and solve problems 4- The use of natural and economical materials in the
LOCATION Jordan is located in southwestern Asia, in the middle of the Middle East, area: 89,342 km², and population: 9.956 million Jerash is one of the major cities in the northern region of Jordan. that is covers 410 km2. It is located about 48km north of the capital Amman, and it is the secondlargest tourist destination in Jordan and Jordanian citizens make up 87.1% of the population of Jerash Governorate
unplanned area;89.00% 11.00% planned area;
Year 1953 177 Acres without the archeological area
Year 1961
Year 1978 321 Acres without the archeological area Jerash Governorate
Year 1984 440 Acres without the archeological area
downtown
Climate
The climate of the region is one of the generally dry summers and wet winter. The yearly average temperature in Jerash is approximately 25 degrees Celsius. Most precipitation comes to this region in the winter with December , January , February and march. The humidity is naturally the highest in the winter.
Topography
- The main dimensions of urban renewal
Jerash City Urban Growth Stages
The Jerash area is mostly composed of sedimentary rock including limestone, chalk, chert , marl, and sandstone. The Kurnub Sandstone group is exposed in this area and consists mostly of fine to mediumgrained, friable sandstone. Jerash is part of the northern highlands and the area around Jerash varies from 400m to 1235m above sea level, the city itself is at a fairly constant elevation of 550m above sea level
The prevailing winds in winter are westerly and north-westerly, sometimes veering easterly and north-easterly in the summer months.
Jerash Growth Area in year 2013
Jerash city built up map
Jerash City Existing Land Use
built 18% not bult 82%
SURROUNDING CITIES
Jerash city Contour Map
Jerash city Roads Hierarchy
Local roads Arterial roads Collector roads
Jerash city Future Transportation map
Urban Boundary Transportation Ring Road
Jerash city Future Expansion Expectation
Existing Built Up areas Expected expansion areas
Planning Urban areas in Jerash
Urban Area
DOWN TOWN
Downtown Climate
SUN PATH – WIND DIRECTION
SITE DESCRIPTION The modern city of Jerash can be found to the east of the runs. While the old and new share a city wall. URBAN CONTEXT The modern town of Jerash has developed since the end of the 19th Century in and beyond. The need to integrate the historic and modern halves of the city has been recognized for over twenty years and several measures have been taken to this end-noticeably the reconstruction of the Southbridge. that links the two halves. However. some of the recent plans for the city have attempted greater zoning for a wide range of urban activities leading to the relocation of the central mare and bus station and of light industry However, there has been recognition also that the character given to the modern city by the original Circassia and Syrian settlers is in danger of being lost if future plans are sensitive to the heritage of the modern city.
A
Ancient Gerasa
As it is shown that the central wadi divides the city topographically into west and east bank
B
Topography
C
Modern city Jerash
A l Wadi
Accessbility
Street Network
surrounding street
streets with in the core
Street Hierarchy
Bab Amman Street
Second Main Entrance Wasfi Altal Street
Main Entrance
Conclusion The area is crossed by an arterial Irbid-Amman street (Wasfi Altal street), and it has 2 entrances to the site, and it is obvious that the area has many entrances from other surrounding streets, Bin Sina Street, Hamza bin Abd Almutaleb street, bab Amman street.
Conclusion: The area surrounded by characteristic Streets like wasfi al tal street, which is considered to be an arterial road and contains other important streets like king Abdullah street and bab
Access road 50% Main road 20% Minor road 30%
Main Roads Minor Roads Access Roads One way roads
Land Mark
Black & white
Building Height
The site has some heritage landmarks, as well as locally known landmarks that are mentioned on the map Non built up 22%
Jerash Municipality East Baths
Built up 78%
Heritage building
Archaeology Circassian Mosque Alhashmi Mosque Old Cafe
Main Nodes
Police station Old church
Type
Area m^2
Built up
370629,59972
Non-built
107540,799906
Materials building Heights percentages :
Al Qayrawan Circle
Jerash bus station
Municipality public plaza
Building Ages South Bridge
EDGES
Visitor center
Alhashmi Mosque open area \ East Baths Old suq
DISTRICTS
Wadi Area and behind
The Valley
building Ages percentages :
Residential building Materials percentages : District
Building before 1938 Building Between 1939-1968 Building Post 1968
Arterial Irbid Amman Street
Roman Wall
Commercial
Building Users
building Users percent :
Range of service Range of service
Served population
Masjid jame’e
500-800
3000-7500
Local Mosque
150-200
750-1500
Church
150-200
750-1500
Primary school
0-500
3000-6000
Sewage Infrastructur SEWAGE e The construction of the existing network began in 1984 and it now covers the entire study perimeter. The network is in a good condition, and maintenance is done by the Water Authority. According to water authority figures (2003), the total collected wastewater is around 3000 c.m per day.
Land Property
Water Infrastructur eWATER RESOURCES The domestic water is supplied to the residents from the groundwater wells within and outside the province of Jerash City. The majority of residents in Jerash are served by the public collection system (79%) which delivers the collected wastewater to the Jerash Wastewater treatment plant in Wadi Jerash.
Downtown border Street Network Public municipality Private
Conclusion : The highest percentage of land property is private land, which is 91%, on the other hand, municipality property of land is very low.
WATER SUPPLY Water supply is provided by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and the existing network covers the entire historic core, the network is less than 10 years old and it employs ductile iron pipes, polyethylene and galvanized branch pipes. The network is in good condition, therefore future road construction works should be managed so as to avoid any damage to the existing pipes.
School Catchment Area
Religious building Catchment Area
School
Electricity Infrastructur eELECTRICITY The Irbid District Electricity Company supplies electrical power to the city, and the existing network covers the entire study perimeter. 70% of the total demand is provided by the Rihab power station while the remaining 30% is provided by the Al Sobehi. An additional power station is under construction at Ishtafins but within two years the Jerash District will be connected to the Irbid network. PUBLIC LIGHTING The historic core is completely served by the existing system which is none the less old and needs substantial upgrading
Telephone Infrastructur e TELECOMMUNICATIONS The study perimeter is completely covered by the Jordan Telecommunication network SOLID WASTE COLLECTION \ The Municipality of Jerash is in charge of street cleaning and solid waste collection. The Municipality is not equipped with enough vehicles for the collection of solid waste and the operative efficiency of the system is very low with dramatic consequences in terms o urban decor.
Mosque Church
Infrastructure elements
Electricity
Electricity
Street Furniture Street furniture is a very important element, which enhances the appearance of a city , if it was in a good state it reflects the good condition of the area , also the are elements of safety and comfort. They are important both for the local residents, and visitors mainly for users. In Jerash Downtown, It is noticeable that the MOTA renewed street furniture, including seats , garbage baskets, lights and etc… Through the 3d tourism project of Jerash, but still, there is shortage in this furniture in the downtown area
Archeological Ruins
Columns East Baths
Old city wall ruins Garbage
Drainage system
Sewage
Solid waste
Infrastructure elements in the downtown are mainly at medium condition , some elements are very bad , but in general they are good , because they were renewed by the MOTA of their 3d tourism project of Jerash
Old Bridge
Ruins Downtown border Street Network
an important Romanian archaeological features and to its location on the main arteries transportation in Jordan representative of Amman - Irbid highway. The site of the pools on an area of 12.323 acres backed by all the public services of water, electricity, roads, sanitation, and the site just in 1200 to the north of the north gate of the ancient city of Jerash and is accessed through a clear path from the north gate. The region is a fertile valley that stretches gently and simple folding through the highlands and the northern hills around the place, informing from sub valleys The pools site contains the following features : 1 -The celebrations theater 2 -The pools 3- The Bathroom
Downtown Municipal Land Use
lS Wa sf AlTa tre et
Commercial Uses
Complementary Uses
Mobile phone seller Electronic repair
AlTal S
Mainly 22% of land uses in the historic core is commercial use, the main commercial spine in the area is king Abdullah street. Divergent commercial uses take place along the whole street. The street suffers from a high percentage of pedestrian movement also traffic congestion and through traffic. The central commercial area includes a grid of streets bounded by King Abdullah Street to the west and King Hussein Street to the east. The ground floors of the majority of properties are retail commercial premises with residential Commercial uses or along King Abdullah orstreet office development above :
Downtown Municipal Land Use percentages:
vegetable market Supermarket
Divergent Uses
Wa sf
The Jerash Land Use Development Plan reflects how "the new town has developed accordingly to influences that may not be as immediately apparent as the strict lines of the Roman Town Planning at the heritage site, but they are no less significant". The east bank of the Wadi, enclosed within the city walls is mainly destined for residential and commercial functions. The Residential zones are mostly of the D type while the Commercial zones are Longitudinal Commercial type. Inside the Residential D zones, narrow pedestrian paths are found, especially within the city quarters where traditional architecture is located. Rather articulated zoning is found in the area included between Wasfy Al-Tel Street, King Abdullah Street, and Baab Amman Street. Aside from the residential zone type C, the most important public area in the whole city is located; this area includes the East Baths and the Mosque. A green area (Parks and Gardens) was identified between the Wadi and the Wasfy Al - Tel Street. Most of the areas for public buildings are located outside the Roman walls
Municipal Landuse
tre et
Land use zoning
clothes selling shops vegetable market
Electronics - butcher
Similar Uses King Abdullah street
Main Commercial Nerve
Shoes repair shops
Commercial Uses
Al Wadi – Golden River Wadi Jerash environment The wadi is not only a physical barrier between the two parts of town at present but in many parts it is an environmental barrier through its use as an unofficial waste disposal site. Due to its topographic location it became like a drainage for the septic tanks seepage before the introduction of the sewage collection system in the city. After the introduction of the sanitation system, the wadi was still the domain for the pollution in terms constructing the wastewater treatment plant at the end of the wadi before reaching Jerash Bridge.
Character Area
The damage in the wadi is mainly due to the improper practices of utilizing the treated and non treated wastewater. A review of waste management procedures and a program of increasing the water flow and undertaking appropriate landscaping may restore its role as an asset for inviting tourists into the town. The wadi area is a topographical depression which runs along the eastern limit of the Wasfy Al-Tal Street which is the principal, north-south, vehicular Jerash thoroughfare. The property of the area is private. The eastern bank rises foroughly 6 m. before reaching the East Baths plaza, while the western bank rises almost 15 m before connecting to the Wasfy Al-Tal Street carriageway. The site's physical integrity is severely compromised by: -Traditional and reiterated lack of maintenance on the part of the private owners of - the land. -Abusive behavior on the part of the local population (littering, discharge of polluting - materials, etc. ) -Intrusive private housing which disrupts the physical continuity of the area whilst -obstructing direct visual connection between the two banks.
South Bridge The Bridge form as visual pedestrian linkage between the exit of Modern city onto Wasfy Al-Tal Street and the archaeological site, the bridge is an old part of the Decumanus of roman city , it crosses the Wadi Jerash (golden river) , runs east to a 73 m bridge long , In ancient times it connected the public quarter (east bank) of the Jerash City with the residential quarter (west bank), nowadays this bridge joins the ancient Jerash with the modern Jerash. The bridge has high amount of pedestrian movement , because in links the commercial zone which considered to be an important part of the modern downtown , pedestrian walks above the bridge to arrive their destinations , the mosque , the Souq or to Wasfi el tal street. Note: The relationship between the Jerash community and its archaeological site has traditionally been rather faint. This is predominantly due to the fact that the community has not felt any tangible benefit from the tourist activity connected to the city's archaeological asset.
East Bath The only remain of the Roman city on the west bank of the wadi is the East Baths complex, and was built in late 2nd century. This is the largest landmark in the ancient city and the only major building from the Roman period to have been erected on the eastern bank of the wadi. It lies between the outlets of the two ancient bridges spanning the Chrysorhoas River. The baths were deliberately built close to the important Ain Qairawan spring, East Baths and the new open plaza created as a part of the World Bank investment project.
1- Residential Zone 2- Commercial Zone 3- Old Souq Zone 4- East Baths Zone 5- The Valley Zone 6- Archaeological Zone
This area is intended to serve the local community for recreation, events and festivals it is developed to be one of the important public spaces in the area , with it's adjacent plaza , that connects to Al Hashmi Mosque Entrance, but The current condition of the city will require further rehabilitation, both physical and commercial, before it will attract many of Jerash Site's visitors . much more activities could be included in the area. As Jerash expanded beyond the line of roman walls, through the 20th century and up to the present day, the eastern part of the Roman walled city assumed the typical urban role of the historic core, with the area around the junction of Bab Amman Street and King Abdullah Street being the focus of commercial activities.
Old Souq The commercial shops were built by the circassians after 1879 , using local stones from near by quarries, and adapting to the roman stones as well. This traditional Souq retains most of its historic characteristics , still it suffers from certain environmental problems. The Souq is attached to the residential quarter , through narrow alleys and pathways, the most significant is the central pathway, with a significant archway. The Old Souq is the most significant and best-preserved focus of post-Roman historic buildings within the City, the active part of the city and still preserved and although several buildings are in poor condition and indeed some are derelict, the area still retains the ambience of an important part of the city.
The original function of the Souq as the traditional urban meeting place is therefore slowly disappearing due to the progressively decreasing areas reserved for pedestrians. The area as mentioned before still an active zone of pedestrians , but it suffers from decaying , and bad commercial uses occupies this area mostly shoes repairing shops , it could be occupied by more attractive uses
Urban Fabric
Traffic
Residential Quarter
Traffic in the downtown :
Circassian Mosque Old Souq Circassian Quarter Roman Ruins Al Hashmi Mosque The modem city initially developed in the immediate surrounding of the Roman Baths. In this area, the Old Souq is the most significant and best-preserved focus of postRoman historic buildings within the City, and although several buildings are either derelict or in poor condition, the area still retains the ambiance of an active part of the city The urban fabric of the downtown shows the sense of Islamic city the mosque is theoriginal center for spreading of other residential and commercial zones.
Narrow, unorganized roads
The historic core of Jerash is completely taken over by the vehicular traffic and informal car parking and the overall physical conditions of the street network are generally rather precarious. Existing pressures resulting from visitor arrival and parking, city center congestion and circulation Street sections are often too narrow to allow for the provision of efficient sidewalks and/or street side parking. Parking in the historic core is not sufficient, and a good traffic management plan is highly needed. The current conditions of the traffic inside the city is really alarming, roads are in poor conditions. The two main streets in the central retail hub of Jerash, Bab Amman Street and King Abdullah Street, are characterized by dramatic traffic congestion and by the absence of proper sidewalks which creates constant conflict between pedestrian and vehicular movement Traffic in Jerash requires a more efficient management strategy, especially when it comes to parking. Although the municipality has a traffic section which looks into all traffic related issues in coordination with the traffic police, however there is a need to strengthen such efforts by carrying out a comprehensive traffic management study, with full commitment of all related entities to enforce the application of the regulation.
Traffic Problems in the downtown :
The two main streets suffering the most from traffic congestion are Bab Amman Street and King Abdullah Street
High traffic
Inadequate traffic circulation patterns
Un-maintained sidewalk
Insufficient /inadequate parking space available
Traffic Vehicles Volume Count The study of traffic volume was held on peaks hours nearly 12:30 pm , to identify the highest volumes of vehicles passes the streets ofthe downtown. 1- The highest traffic vehicle volume was on Irbid-Amman wasfi al tal street with 1500 vph 2- Then inside the downtown , the most congested streets where King Abdullah and Bab Amman Streets With nearly 1050 vehicle passes per hour. 3- Other streets , specially streets in the commercial zone have less vehicle movement volume , with nearly 400 vph
TRAFFIC - PARKING Car Parking is identified as one of the big traffic problems in the historic core of the city, this is resulting from informal car parking practices and Street sections are often too narrow for the on-street parking which leads to the high percentage of traffic congestions. Parking in the historic core is not sufficient, also parking facilities are below the requirements.
Pedestrian Movement Analysis: It had been obvious that pedestrian movement inside the historical core is not sufficient due to the traffic congestions on the narrow streets of the town. Also, commercial activities in front of door openings permit pedestrian movement, bad infrastructure, bad paving on streets, bad behavior of sellers especially vegetable sellers, and no respect for disabilities.
Pedestrian Circulation
The two urban compounds were linked through two bridges spanning the wadi, the north, and the south bridges, and there is a lot of stairs in the area especially between the residential units , according to the topographical aspect of the area
Second highly percentage of pedestrian volume , is in king Abdullah street , despite this point, the whole street since forms as a main commercial spine in the area , people walk across to do their shopping , also cars enter the area and lead to conflicts and traffic congestion
1 2
2 1
A main gathering point of pedestrian, and very high volume in the intersection of the old Souq with king Abdullah street, this high volume due to the vegetable sellers on the streets, and other commercial activities , also because so many pedestrians come across to or from the south bridge and Al Hashmi mosque
Road Junctions This area consists of a large number of junctions, also contains undefined junctions , which causes a large amount of traffic accidents carried with dangers. Junction Type
T
+
Y
Dead End
Number
55
15
23
16
Road Junctions concentrated in the zone , which causes highly traffic congestion , also roads are narrow and pedestrian flow in this zone at a very high percentage, which causes an important conflict between pedestrian and vehicle movement
Traffic New Bus Complex Jerash New bus complex built on an area of 23 acre contains 42 warehouse and 6 offices of transport companies , the running of these complex comes in the context of the development of infrastructure and in order to raise the operational efficiency of public transport services and improve the quality of services provided in departure and arrival stations. This project came according to several facts , the lack of basic services in most of the starting centers and access, lack of lightening, seats, health units, umbrellas, and the lack of signs showing the names of the lines or signboards basic information about lines contain, and the lack of drainage systems, for rain water in the pools in addition to the lack of umbrellas validity where it does not meet passenger and operator service and the lack of an adequate and intermediate Islands, and the abundance of stalls inside the complexes and obstruction of passenger traffic and transportation, and a random entry and exit of transport modes in bus complexes Buses do not adhere to line up and to park in their own safe place, but they line up on the street at peak time and after two o'clock noon, leading to download and upload passengers in the street, forcing passengers to disembark from the other modes of transport on the street. Authorities think that the new bus complex site is more compatible, and reduces the congestion along downtown streets due to the new circulation network , and the old bus complex is now developing to be used as an Ex-market area.
Tourist Circulation tourist Circulation Mainly, tourists who came to Jerash, they came by Touristic tours or group from the capital city Amman from nearly 47 km distance, while they are on their way to the archeological city, they don't have any special experiences or good services like accommodations, places to have launched , Relaxing areas… etc., also Jerash – Amman road not considered to be a good gateway, City entrance needs to be improved, as Tourists arrive Jerash, they directly have to drop off at Jerash Archeological City, then they have their experiences through the ancient ruins without visiting the downtown of Jerash and having different experiences and activities which introduce Jordanian Heritage
Main Tourist Destination Arrival Area
JERASH VISITOR CENTER AND ARRIVAL ZONE BASIC CONCEPTS FOR PHYSICAL AND OPERATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS
The ruins are extensive and impressive, Highlights include: •Hadrian's Arch. •Hippodrome. •Colonnaded Street. •Cathedral. •North Theatre. •South Theatre. •Jerash Archaeological Museum.
JERASH SOCIAL STUDIES This section is for studying and analyzing all data about population including, growth, observation, and population statistics, to best understand the project site. Jerash Demographic Data :
Population Growth of Jerash City: The first half of the twentieth century could be considered the nucleus of the city, where population growth rates did not rise due to the migration of population to Amman because of the availability of jobs and better services, the city's population stood at 1946 (About 2392 people) living in 400 homes. The built-in focused in currently known the Downtown area, After that the city experienced a population growth rates exceeded those in previous periods, as shown in the Figures due to the stability of some of the Palestinian refugees and the continued influx of population from neighboring areas, and growing importance of tourism and its location on the most important main roads in Jordan via Amman- Irbid. Jerash city has continued population growth in the period of sixties and seventies and eighties of the last century especially after the city became a center of the brigade of Jerash at the end of sixties, which increased economic importance of the city. City faced a clear population growth during the nineties and the first decade of the Twentiet century , the city has evolved rates fast, especially after that became the center of the province of Jerash, which helped to increase the importance of the city, and the multiplicity of jobs and services, and the influx of large numbers of immigrants, both from Neighboring areas or from the Gulf states
Population Projection of Jerash City Jerash Population pyramid for jerash governorate
Estimation of the population by regression model
Growth Rate = 2,2%
JERASH DOWNTOWN STATISTICS : Downtown gender persentages
Female
54.00%
male
46.00%
EMPLOYMENT AND JOB SECTORS
The majority of the population in Jerash city is of working age, making employment creation a key factor for revitalization efforts. The average annual household income in the Jerash Governorate and in the Jerash Sub-Distinct is estimated at US$18 per day (US$6,782/year) for an average size household of 6 people. A little under a fifth of the population (1 8.4%) lives in poverty (2002- 2003), a drop of 10% since 1997. As for Jerash city, 19.4% of the population (around 25,893 persons) is below the poverty line2'. The unemployment rate in Jerash Governorate is 18.9%, higher than the national one, and has slightly increased in the last 3 years. This indicates a growing employment problem; there is a mounting discouragement among the potential workers who have become tired of seeking work: 74% of the economically inactive persons believe there are no jobs around. The unemployed are mostly educated holding diplomas or university degrees, and the trend over the past five years shows an increasing number of applicants for work in the government In Jerash almost all establishments are small, employing less than 5 persons: manufacturing establishments have the biggest dimension and trade the smallest. 62% of businesses are in the commercial trade sector, mainly small retail shops, rather unattractive in their displays and in the quality of goods. Almost all stores are located in the commercial area of the historic core, in an area characterized by traffic, chaos, and disorganization.
• The largest sector providing employment is the commercial sector. Like other regions in Jordan, the Jerash Governorate is witnessing a decline in its agricultural sector, shifting from a traditionally rural to a more urbanized society. Tourism remains a highly under-exploited economic sector for further private sector development and income generation. The informal sector, dominated by a largely female labor force between the ages of 19 and 45, mostly involves home-based activities with very low compensatory wages, with an average of ~$42 per month, relied upon as supplementary household income
Number of touristic activities in 2013
Jobs distribution according to sectors
SOCIAL SURVEY We made a social survey for Jerash downtown residents and visitors to find the main problems of the site and identify the future development project could be done in this area, we asked 30 people and have these results :
What is the kind of project prefer to be doing on the downtown ?
Conclusion :
What is the extent of satisfaction infrastructure quality ?
Services quality and population satisfaction What is the drainage and water/electricity satisfaction?
1- Most visitors visit Jerash downtown area (daily) by residents and annually (for tourists) 2- They visit the downtown area, mostly the commercial zone, for shopping 3- There are some services and facilities that could be introduced in the future to enhance the historical core condition. 4- Most visitors prefer creating new activities in the area, especially which reflect the heritage and tradition. 5- Visitors suffers from the lack of parking areas for their private cars 6- Tourists claim about the shortage in accommodation facilities and others like hotels, restaurants …etc. 7- Most visitors and tourists think about the importance of visiting the modern city after visiting the archeological ruins important links and attractive facilities should be launched in the area
QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS
SOCIAL-SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION * The behavior of the sellers The sellers have been in the area for years ago or they inherited it from their families we can see different ages the elderly, the adults, the children all of them work with each other in their shops to attract the customers in a very competitive environment,and because of that the sellers that sell the same goods are located in the same area close to each other that makes the sellers talking loudly to attract the customers.
Conclusion : 1- Trading and tourism sectors are the most important characteristics of Jerash, which make it an attractive destination. 2- Parking spaces were mainly missing in the historic core 3- Jerash residents hope to see Jerash more developed in the future. 4- Jerash residents usually use public and private transit while moving between home and workplace, but they prefer walking if there are good pedestrian routes that encourage walk ability 5- The historic core needs more recreational activities, open areas, and public spaces. 6- The connection between the modern town and the archeological city is very weak. 7- Residents think that providing more green areas, tourist attracted activities and land uses, developing street networks, and creating more pedestrian ways can strengthen this connection. 8- The main problem in the area according to residents are : Uncleanness, some unacceptable people behavior, and too much traffic congestion especially in the summer time.
* The behavior of the shoppers The shoppers are two types : - Type that always in a hurry running all over the place to finish their tasks and go home. they don't have time to chat … they have more than one bag in their hands waiting for the public transport,going right and left walking here and there hoping to catch a taxi or a bus - The other type are feeling tired looking for a set or a wall to lean over it and after they reset they Complete their shopping
LOCAL CASE
STUDY
Local Case Study LOCATION
COUNTRY: JORDAN CITY: ALSALT DESCRIPTION The project aims to preserve the urban heritage in the city of Al-Salt. The project focused on providing all solutions for the area, with clarification of the most important architectural features, methods of renovating them, and the most important difficulties faced by the committee in the restoration of buildings
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW IN SALT In the first half of the nineteenth century, AlMadima witnessed demographic changes, and in that period the town’s growth began, as Salt witnessed a wide urban movement at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. We notice clearly through the development of building patterns, the spread of the architectural and civil character, and the introduction of some western architectural elements into the region
Land Mark The tourist city of Al-Salt is distinguished by its Islamic character, as it is distinguished by the Grand Mosque, the Government House, the Saraya and the water springs in the main square.
Pigeon Street
The Saraya
Government House
Great Mosque
Accessibility Buildings using railroad iron and reinforced concrete
AL-SALT
Salt Castle
CONEXTUAL STUDY OF SALT
The most important public buildings in the city center: 1- The brigades that were established in 1876 2- The city includes two mosques, the Great Mosque and the Small Mosque 3- Neighboring churches, Al Ain Square 4- Agency in 1884 5 - Abu Jaber hostel
Climate JORDAN Jordan, or an Arab country located in southwestern Asia, is in the middle of the Middle East, by its location in the southern part of the Levant region, and the northern part of the Arabian Peninsula. Jordan has been continuously inhabited since ancient times. It was succeeded by multiple civilizations,
Al-Salt is located 30 km northwest of the capital, Amman, and it is the main governorate in the Balqa Governorate, and it has a population of 72,000. Civilizations took place in AlSalt according to its geographical location.
Moderate climate and affected by the Mediterranean climate to a large extent, and the reason for the mild climate is due to the occurrence of Salt at the top of the Balqa heights and its nature consisting of mountains
The streets in the city of AlSalt Roads and streets leading to the city of Salt
The growth of the city of Al-Salt
URBAN RESTORATION
URBAN FABRIC RESULTS
BUILD USE
Rehabilitation vegetative studies: There are several studies in Salt from the economic and social point of view and linking them with the surrounding urban spaces. The Saraya building has been linked as a new urban building.
Urban spaces were linked at the level of facades and a network of corridors, and focused on the necessity of tourism investment and the pursuit of social integration
The planning study focused on predicting the economic sustainability of the city of Al-Salt by recommending the protection of the urban heritage and the nature of the city.
Buildings
Heritage areas
Open buildings
Heritage areas
Green areas
Commercial
Zonal restoration
Public buildings
Protecting the urban fabric
Garden
THE STRATEGY USED TO DEVELOP THE CITY BUILDINGS THAT HAVE BEEN RESTORED
RESTORATION OF BUILDINGS
1. Stop the deterioration situation 2. Preserving the heritage monuments 3. Beginning the recovery process by relying on tourism to stimulate commercial activity 4. Modifying the building system and planning for old buildings 5. Adopting an executive plan to revitalize the central Al Salt region
Commercia lIndustrial Infrastructure Urban farming Natural heritage
Buildings designated for restoration
The New Central Square A project to develop the square in the city center to focus on the new lanes of tourism on a new and different urban and humanitarian scale
A model of the renovated Murad Building
VISUAL ANALYSIS Renovation from the outside Complete restoration
THE NUMBER OF FLOORS
The natural and cultural landscapes surrounding the site are an important part of the topography
view to city salt
Spatial plan for the city of Al-Salt The heights vary in the area between 4 floors to 7 floors
URBAN ORIENTATION
SITE PLAN PROPOSED
PARKING PLAN
The proposed design of topography to move with the topography of nature and focus on the proposed solutions where green spaces and water harvesting areas were established.
SECTIONS FOR BUILDINGS
POMEGRANATE STAIRS AREA It was called the Roman houses due to the abundance of pomegranate trees. The study aims to assess the general condition of heritage buildings and their current uses
SECTIONS ILLUSTRATING THE SURROUNDING STREETS
old plan
New plan
SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS FOR TOPOGRAPHY 1. A building above the yard level that contains activities related to the urban level 2. Permanent commercial activities that contribute to the activation of the site 3. Additional parking spaces and parking for tourist buses
elevation
New plan
A sample illustrating the restoration An external snapshot of the proposed site
TOP PARKING PLAN
The figure shows the heritage, commercial, religious, and public buildings
The time periods of the buildings
The height of the floors before and after the restoration
In the past, Ambani heights ranged from a ground floor, a first and a second floor
The relationship between the time period and the structural age of the ground floor and the first floor
MOST OF THE PROBLEMS FACED BY THE CITY
Designated areas and heights of the existing buildings from 4 stamps to 7 floors
Among The Most Common Problems In The City: Eat the armature iron Cracks in the granite Humidity
Construction cracks on the ground floor
Steel reinforcement steel
Moisture is treated by Jalal using the rain water system by means of modern pipes
Method for reclaiming cracked walls using Filling the wall, adding with a sprinkler, then wetting the surfaces and stones with water, then rebuilding with the appropriate stone
CONCLUSIONS BUILDING MATERIALS
Kinds of materials used: . Quarries . the woods . Gypsum . Lime slurry Of the types of stones: . Irregular stones . Soft stones
1- Modern and effective methods have been used to solve the problems located in the city 2- The main objective was to preserve the architectural heritage of the region and its tourist attraction 3- Topography has been dealt with in an effective manner, with all levels of use being made to serve tourism 4- An appropriate number of cars and tourist buses has been provided to serve tourists and visitors 5- Adopting an implementation plan to revitalize the city center 6- Creating new lanes to serve tourism
REGIONAL CASE
STUDY
Regional Case Study
LOCATION
Land Mark PRESENT BUILT CHARACTER AND TRANSIT CONNECTIONS
CONEXTUAL STUDY OF NAJAR
Commercial complexes with arcades built form
Country: Pakistan State: Najjar
ECONOMIC CENTERS IN BHOPAL 1.Chowk Bazar: Commercial cen-tre 2.Cholc road Market: Commer- cial centre 3. BHEL: Pubic sector unit 4. New Market: Commercial centre 5. MP Nagar: Trade and Com- merce centre 6. Bairagarm: Commercial centre 7. Kolar Road: Commercial centre 8. Transport Noagar: Logistic Hub 9. Mandideep:Industrial estate 10. Govindpura: Industrial estate.
One of the self contained centers identified by 2005 The Goals Of Urban Renewal Of The City: 1- Promote the encouragement of redevelopment in low-density housing development. 2- Reviving the redevelopment of water bodies in enclaves. 3- Reclaiming government lands, making public spaces vibrant. 4- Preventing the deterioration of the economic, environmental, social and cultural processes that cause the deterioration of the built environment.
DESCRIPTION Pakistan has strategic wealth and important development potentials and the growing proportion of Pakistani youth provides the country with a potential demographic dividend and a challenge to provide adequate services and employment opportunities. Pakistan is one of the largest producers of natural goods. In the northern part of Pakistan there are many ancient castles, examples of ancient architecture, Hunza valleys. And Chitral has recognized Pakistan as the best country to develop infrastructure in South Asia, which helped in the renewal of its mandate, Najjar, to promote commercial activities, to promote electronic development, to frustrate urban development and to make spaces vibrant.
high income housing
Government employee housing
Pakistan It is very diverse, and this country is home to a wide range of wildlife. Pakistan covers an area of 881913 square kilometers and it ranks 33rd in terms of total area and Pakistan has a coastline of 1046 km (650 mi) along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and the diversity of landscapes. And the climate in Pakistan thrives on arange wide variety of trees and plants. Forests from coniferous Alps and at the foot of trees such as spruce, pine, and cedar.
Nagar Valley Nagar Valley has a population of about 90,000 and it is formerly known as Broshal at an altitude of 2,688 meters. Nagar Khas is the main city and the former capital of Nagar State. Ghulmet, Minapin, BAR, Chaprote and Hopper Valleys are popular tourist attractions in Nagar due to the stunning ocean landscapes and the most intimidating high mountain peaks on earth.
Each character is fusing into each other, thereby showing potential for mixed development.
Existing railway and next
Strategies Used In The Regeneration Process: 1- Culture must be taken into account in the renewal process 2- Environmental quality and accessibility must be taken into account in urban renewal. 3- Design of facilities and public space and integration with services. 4- The population must be taken into consideration through employees and business owners. 5- The transformation of these buildings must be oriented to tourism and the economy.
Accessibility Accessibility and transportation routes Re- Locating Metro Stations
STRENGTH AND ISSUES ANALYSIS
PRESENT SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS Existing Land Use Residential : 35% Commercial: 27% Recreational: 2%
Existing Land use
Residential: 57% Commercial: 26% Recreational : 1%
Rigid land-uses restricts market based development
The most important problem facing the city: - Irregular parking. - Congestion caused by the same bad condition of the water pool. - Existence of unused land.
Existing Build use Private : 55% Public : 45%
Land Ownership
Built : 33% Public : 12% Private Open : 50% Public Greens : 3%
Public land available for redevelopment in city centre
Public land available for redevelopment in city centre
Climate CLIMATE NAJJAR STATE Najjar is located in a temperate climate zone, and its climate is generally arid, and is characterized by hot summers and cold winters that may be very cold. The weather in Pakistan varies a lot according to its various regions, and there is little rainfall in general. However, there are many distinct atmospheres and regions in Pakistan, for example, the coastal area along the Arabian Sea is usually warm.
Existing location of metro
Built vs Open The Idea Its Objectives
stations Proposed location of metro stations
Flourishing existing commercial centre into vibrant, mixed use, active central area utilizing the locational benefits of being next to railway station and upcoming metro'.
stations Proposed location of metro stations
Multimodal integration to Revive spaces around wafacilitate seamless terbody and develop vibrant transition. public realm.
Improving road network for better connectivity and
Address the demand of growing commercial centre.
Incentivizing redensification
Concept
CONCEPTUAL PLANNING
Master Plan .1Connectivity Walkable block sizes Aligning existing network Completing missing links Increasing ROWs to cater envisioned load. .2 Zoning Mixed Use zone 1 Mixed Use zone 2 Mixed Use zone . .3 Waterfront & slum redevelopment Reclaiming l and along waterbody Allocating formal housing in same vicinity. 4. Station area plan Multi-modal integration Active public space near transit nodes Pedestrian and vehicular crossover connections. 5. Place Making Active market spaces in CBD Upgrading & intensifying existing usages. 6. Parking & Vending Management Organizing on street parking and street vending Proposing new MLCP
Envisioning higher densities along transit nodes & de- creasing gradually
Lively and pedestrian friendly neighbourhood
Revive spaces around waterbody and Reviving existing public realm develop vibrant public realm The idea was to facilitate market growth by taking a craftsmanship approach. Hence, a few Rune Bim mattresses have been compiled
Improving road network for better connectivity and walkability.
Perciving Intensity Based On Zoning Mixed Use Zone 1 High Intensity High-rise | public transport | Along arterials | Predominantly commercial
Mixed Use Zone 2 Medium Intensity | Mid- rise | Predominantly commercial mix | Street vending
Mixed Use Zone 3 Medium Intensity | Mid- rise | Predominantly residential mix Proposed IRSDC project Medium Intensity | Mid- rise | Predominantly residential mix
Connectivity
Zoning : Mix-use Zone 1 1. Road Widening - Increasing ROWS to cater envisioned load I - mproving circulation 2. New connections - Completing missing links - Bridging physical barriers - Minimizing dead ends - Improving walkabikity - improving algnment Improving rood geom- etry
Typical 45m section of ROW with visual area character
3. Discontinuing roads - To facilitate plot amalga mation - Optimizing block size - Minimizing dead ends
Total area under toad:0.75sqkm 34% of total site area 12% increase from existing net work
-Need an external network with a wider scope - More durable pedestrian paths
Properties -High rise high density -Mixed commercial development and active interfaces -Built to be compatible with public transport -Infrastructure suitable for dealing with pedestrians 75 m max height 8 m a one floor Width greater than 30 m
75 m max height 4 m a one floor Width less than 30 m
Zoning : Mix-use Zone 2 Metro station landing on public ream across the road
Street vending Brts stop Ipt stop
Properties . Development of compact with higher density of active interfaces . Incorporating the informal economy through vendor management
Station Area Plan :Recommendations For IRSDC Proposals
Zoning : Mix-use Zone 3
Active frontages
Arcaded walkways on ground floor frst three floors compulsory active frontage usage
Metro station can Metro station
Terrace can be use for open to Perdestrian friendly sky activities like roof top area restaurants, work out stations etc No vehicle zone
Driveways and parking Drop off lanes why to surface and under ground parking Existing habibganj structure
Properties . Mixed residential development condensing the area from low to high elevation a larger area in the public sphere . Facilitate contiguous commercial development. Commercial ,hotels, service apartments, Underpass for vehicular cross over connection
Residential mixed development
Plaza 1 multi-modal integration
Existing retained structure Concourse – ticketed area
Plaza 3 Rear catchment + commercial and offices spill over
Slum And Waterfront Redevelopment
Waterbody
Plots for slum redevelopment
Slum locations
Green trails
Place Making & Parking – Vending Management Terrace can used for roof top commercial activates like open air restaurants and work out stations Plots in public ownership
Active frontages
Public plaza Basement parking entrance
Plots in private ownership
Neighbourhood level green spaces
CONCLUSION
Land Development Mechanism
1- A water corridor was established to restore the activity of urban lakes and link them economically
The total area of the plot of land for the green corridor is 23100 square meters.
Remaining plot is rede velopable
2- The main objective was to expand and renew the area and make it a vibrant and central area 3- Effective and comprehensive insights were used to solve major problems 4- The streets have been taken care of and made safer 5- Special places for cars were provided to reduce congestion 6- There is a direct connection between the slope of the city through effective streets 7- The importance of establishing a multi-service path to restore the environment to life again
Redevelopment of slums for housing early warning systems: Governmental land allocated to a building facility will receive a portion of the land area built on another plot of land.
More than one parking space, up to 5 floors allowed without elevator. The total area of the plot of land under the slums is 24990 square meters. . The number of families is 1475 . Ground coverage for 74 buildings of 10,500 square feet . The total land required is 15,750 square feet.
Basic Principles Of The Proposed Land Development Framework: 1- It takes the land to develop the public infrastructure (roads, canal front, etc.), and the owner of the land must be pooled. 2- The land is not taken only when the owner goes for redevelopment. 3- The compensation should be based on whether the remaining plot of land after the deduction is subject to redevelopment or not.
8- Taking into account all social and economic classes in the renovation, especially the poor neighborhood Place making
Slum redevelopment
waterbody redevelop