Everything You Need To Know Before Challenging A Will
Afteraperson'sdeath,canawillbecontested?It'sinterestingtonotethatmost willsareapprovedwithoutopposition.Nonetheless,youhaveasetamountoftime tocontestawill.Additionally,itmaybecompletelyorpartiallyrevokedifyouare abletopersuadethecourtofyourcase.Continuereadingtofindouthowtocontest awillandhowlongyouhavetodosoinIndia.
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Aperson'swillortestamentisalegaldocumentthatstipulatesthetermsofthelegal heirs'inheritanceofproperty,includingtheallocationofsharesamong beneficiaries.Althoughthoughitisnotrequired,itisalwaysagoodideatoregistera will.AwillthathasbeenregisteredundertheIndianRegistrationActispersuasive evidenceincourt,butthatdoesnotexcludeyoufromcontestingthevalidityofthe will.Awillcanactuallybecontestedonanumberofdifferentgrounds.AWillmay bedeclaredwholeorpartiallynullandvoidintheeventthatyouaresuccessfulin demonstratingitsfalsityincourt.
Basic grounds for challenging a will
Thefollowinglistoffrequentgroundstocontestawillisexploredinfurtherdepth.
Testamentary capacity
Onlypersonswhoare18yearsofageorolderarepermittedbylawtocreateawill. Exceptforthosewhoaremarriedorinthemilitary,minorstypicallydonothavethe legalcapacitytomakeawill.
Wheneveraperson'sWillischallengedincourt,itwillusuallybeonthegrounds thatitwasdraftedinquestionablecircumstances.Fundamentally,inorderto contestawillonthegroundsofmentalcapacity,youmustshowthatthetestator wasunabletocomprehendtheWill'simplicationsatthetimeitwaswritten.
Fraud or improper influence
Awillmayalsobecontestedifitwasobtainedthroughforgery,fraud,orcoercion. Suchcasesfrequentlyinvolveamanipulatorwhopersuadesthetestatortoleave behindallofthepropertyoralargerportionofitforthem.Whendisputingawillon suchgrounds,youmustincludesufficientproofintheclaimtosupportyour contention.
Lack of enough witnesses
Thetestatormustsignthewillinfrontofatleasttwowitnesseswhoareatleast18 yearsoldinordertoestablishitsveracity.Thosewhohavebeennamedas witnessesarenotallowedtobetheproperty'slegalheirs,underthemajorityof States'regulations.WhilehandwrittenwillsarepermittedinhalfoftheStates,they mustbecompletelycompleted&signedbythetestator.SomeGovernmentseven mandatethattheseWillsbedated.
Family claims
Awillmayalsobecontestedonthegroundsthatitdidnotappropriatelycarefora closerelative.AccordingtotheHinduSuccessionAct,theheadofafamilyis requiredtomakesufficientprovisionsforthesustenanceofanumberofclose relativeswhohavebeennamedintheAct.
After 12 years, may a will be contested?
AregisteredWillmayonlybechallengedwithin12yearsofitspreparation, accordingtotheIndianCriminalCode.But,accordingtolegalexperts,theburdenof proofforaWill'sfaultincreasesthelongeritisleftunchallenged.Thecourtmustbe providedtheinformationitneedstounderstandwhythedocumentchallengewas delayed.
Thecourtwillinvestigatetheclaimsmadebytheopposingpartyandtheir relationshiptothedeceased.Additionally,itwillinvestigatethechallenger's behaviourandprobeintoanychangesthathaveoccurredinthecaseoverthe interveningperiodoftime.Asanybeneficiaryormemberofthedeceased'sfamily cancontestawill,thecourtmustdoduediligence.So,itmustconfirmtheveracityof thechallenge'sjustifications.
How can one challenge a will?
Inacourtoflaw,youcancontestawillinanumberofdifferentways.Whichare:
Actof1949ConcerningLawReform(TestamentaryPromises)
The1976Property(Relations)Act
The1955FamilyProtectionAct
ByquestioningtheWill'slegitimacy
YoucancontestawillintheFamilyCourtorHighCourtifyouareacloserelative.A spouse,wife,kid,grandchild,dependentstep-child,orparent,iftheywere dependentonthedeceased,havetherighttopetitionthecourtundertheFamily ProtectionAct.Ifthecourtdeterminesthatthedeaddidnotproperlyfulfilhisorher obligationtosupportthefamilymembers,theclaimwillbeupheld.Underthe PropertyRelationshipsAct,youcancontestawillevenifyouarenotaclosefamily. Butyoumustofferconvincingevidenceofthepromisemadebythedeceased.Itis advisabletocontestawillincourtassoonaspossibletostopitfrombeingexecuted. Ifthecontestantissuccessful,thewillisdeemedinvalid.
Can the testator stop someone from challenging the Will?
Testatorscangetacontractualwaiveriftheythinktheremightbeafuturedispute aboutthewrittenWill.Oneormorebeneficiariesmustacceptandsignthiswaiver inordertovoluntarilygiveuptheirrighttocontestthewill.Professionals frequentlytalkaboutwhyabeneficiarywoulddecideagainstchallengingawill,and theyemphasizethatit'safinancialbargainthatsuchawaiverputsintoeffect.
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