How Can You Be Sure That Your House Is Earthquake-Proof?
WelookatIndia'sseismiczonesandthebuildingcodesthatahomeownermightuse todeterminewhetherhispropertyisearthquake-proof.
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5.4 magnitude earthquake in J&K
OnJune13,2023,Kishtwar,Jammu&Kashmir(J&K),experiencedanearthquake withaRichterscalevalueof5.4.Theearthquakehada6kmdepthandhappenedat 1:33intheafternoon. InDoda,therewasanepicentre.Delhiandotherareasof northIndiaexperiencedearthquaketremors.
Recent Earthquakes
OnMarch21,23therearetremorsinDelhiwhenanearthquakestrikestheHindu KushregionofAfghanistan.
OnMarch21,2023,atapproximately10.17p.m.,apowerfulearthquakestruckthe HinduKushregionofAfghanistan.Strongearthquakesensationslastingabout30 secondswerereportedinDelhiandotherNorthIndianstates.InIndia,noone's propertyorpersonwaslost. The6.6ontheRichterScaleearthquake'sepicentre wasclosetoJurm,Afghanistan.Duetothe156kmdepth,thetremorscouldbefeltin
IndiaaswellasnearbynationslikePakistan,China,Tajikistan,Kyrgyzstan,and Uzbekistan.
Turkey is devastated by an earthquake on February 27, 2023.
OnFebruary27,2023,a5.6-magnitudeearthquakestruckTurkey,forcing numerousbuildingstocollapse.Threeweekshavepassedsincetheterrible earthquakethatclaimedhundredsoflives.
The J&K earthquake occurs on February 17, 2023.
TheNationalCentreforSeismologyofIndiareportedamagnitude3.6earthquakein Katra,Jammu&KashmironFebruary17,2023at5:01am,atadepthof10km. However,therewasnomentionofanypropertydamage.
On February 6, 2023, an earthquake occurs in Turkey.
Oneglanceatthegloberevealstheworld'sdeadliestearthquake,whichstruck TurkeyonFebruary6,2023,measuring7.8ontheRichterScaleandwasfollowed byanotherearthquakemeasuring7.7approximatelyninehourslater.Followingthe earthquake,therewerearound2,100aftershocks,andover43,000fatalitieswere recorded.
On February 6, 2023, an earthquake strikes Delhi.
TheNationalCentreforSeismology(NCS)tweetedthata5.8-magnitudeearthquake struckNepalat2:28PMonJanuary24,2023. Strongearthquaketremorswerefelt inDelhiandthenearbyareas.
Recentearthquakeshavebeenfelt,amongotherplaces,inareasofRajkot,Gujarat, andeventheNationalCapitalRegion(NCR)ofDelhi.Highermagnitudeearthquakes canresultinsignificantlossoflifeandproperty,whichmakesthestructural integrityofstructuresandtherequirementforthegreatestseismographsessential. Accordingtoa2016reporttitled"EarthquakeHazardZoningMaps"bytheBuilding MaterialsTechnologyPromotionCouncil(BMTPC),upto95%ofhomesnationwide arevulnerabletoearthquakes."TheBMPTCisanorganisationsupportedbythe governmentthatpromotesproperbuildingtechnology.Let'slearnaboutIndia's seismiczonesandhowtoconstructhousesthatcanwithstandearthquakes.
The earthquake zones in India
InIndia,59percentofthecountry'sterritoryisvulnerabletoearthquakedamage. Therearefourdistinctzonesonthisproperty.
Zone V
ZoneV,theseismicallymostactivezone,includesportionsoftheHimalayanbarrier innorthandnorth-eastIndia,partsofJammuandKashmir,theKutchregioninwest India,HimachalPradesh,northBihar,theAndamanandNicobarIslands,and Uttaranchal.Earthquakeshavethepotentialtocausesignificantdamageinthisarea.
Zone IV
ZoneIVincludessomeofJammu&Kashmir,HimachalPradesh,theNationalCapital RegionofDelhi,Sikkim,northernUttarPradesh,WestBengal,Bihar,someof Maharashtra(closetothewestcoast),Gujarat,andRajasthan.ZoneIVisalessactive zonethanZoneV,althoughitcanstillcausealotofdamage.
Zone III
ZoneIIIincludestheremainingareasofUttarPradesh,WestBengal,Rajasthan, Bihar,Jharkhand,Chhattisgarh,andMaharashtrathatarenotinZonesIVorVandis, onbalance,saferthanthosetwozones.MadhyaPradesh,Odisha,Andhra Pradesh,Kerala,TamilNadu,Goa,Lakshadweep,andKarnatakaarealsoincludedin this.
Zone II
Thisregion,whichincludesareasofIndiathatarenotincludedinanyofthe aforementionedzones,isthesafestor,moreprecisely,theleastactive.
Earthquake-resistant home
TheBureauofIndianStandards&buildingstandardsproviderulesforthe constructionofearthquake-resistanthomesandstructurallysoundbuildings.The necessaryinternalcomponentsforanearthquake-resistantstructurearedepicted inthefollowingdiagram.
Best materials to use when constructing a house that is earthquake resistant Constructionmaterialsthatareresistanttoearthquakesincludewood,concrete, andwood.Tomakeconcrete-basedhomeswithsteelslabsearthquake-resistant, additionalsupportmustbeprovided.
How to evaluate the safety of residential brick buildings in Delhi using an earthquake proof house?
GiventhatZoneIVincludesearthquake-proneanddamage-pronelocations,theNCT ofDelhiisoneofthem.AmaximumearthquakestrengthofVIIIontheMSKstrength Scaleisprobableinplaceslikethese.Kutchaconstructionsandmasonrybuildings couldsustaindamageasaresultofthis.AccordingtotheNationalInstituteof DisasterManagement,structuresbuiltinsandysoilwithahigh-watertablerunthe riskofsufferinggreaterdamagethanthosebuiltwithhigh-qualitycementmortar. Here'showtodeterminewhetheryourhomeisearthquake-resistantorhowmuch damageitmightsustain.
Number of storeys
Ingeneral,one-ortwo-storystructureswithwallsthatareonebrickthick(nine inches)orlessaresaferthanthree-storystructures.Ifafourthflooriserected,it willbeextremelydangerousandmakelivinginthelowerstoreysmoredangerous.
Each storey's load-bearing walls' thickness
Half-brickloadbearingwallsthatare412inchesthickcanrenderabuilding dangerous,andiftheyareemployedinhigherlevels,theymayevenhavedisastrous effects.Wallsthathavetoomanywindowaperturesdeteriorateinstrength.Therisk ofdestructionwillalsoincreaseiftherearesmallpiersusedinthegapsbetween
aperturesthataresmallerthan45cm.Theoptimalapertures'totalwidthshouldbe asfollows:
Building type
1-storeyedbuilding
2-storeyedbuilding
3-4-storeyedbuilding
Combined width of openings (for windows)
Notmorethan50%
Lessthan42%
Lessthanone-thirdofthelengthofthe wall
Mortar used for construction
Thebuildingwillbemoresecureifthemortarisstrongertheratioofmortarthatis advisedforuseinordertopreservesafetyisone-partcementtoeverysixparts sand.TheNIDMclaimsthatlime-surkhiorlime-cindermortarissubstantially weaker.
Horizontal seismic bands
Thehorizontalbandsthataregivenattheplinthlevel&lintellevelofdoors, windows,andexteriorandinternalwallsarecrucialseismicsafetycomponents. Thesemakethewallsmoreresistanttoseismicdamageandprovidethehousean earthquake-proofstructure.
Vertical bar reinforcement
Verticalreinforcingbarsshouldbeinstalledfromthefoundationtothetoproofslab ateverycorner&T-junctionoftheroom.
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