Navi Mumbai Is The World’s Largest Planned City

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Navi Mumbai Is The World's Largest Planned City

ThetwincityofMumbaiisalsoknownasNaviMumbai.Thiscity,whichislocatedin thewesternsuburbsofMumbai,wasconceptualizedbyrenownedurbanplanner andarchitectCharlesCorrea,structuralengineerPravinaMehta,andengineer ShirishPatel.NaviMumbai,arecentlybuilttownship,isawell-plannedcitywitha stronginfrastructureforitsperiod.

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Mumbai,alsoreferredtoasthe"cityofdreams,"isthecountry'slargestmetropolis andharbourportandhasservedasakeyeconomicandfinancialhub.Greater Mumbai,thecountry'slargestmegacity,issituatedonasinglelandmassthatis madeupofagroupofsevenislands:BombayIsland,Parel,Mazagaon,Mahim, Colaba,Worli,&OldWomen'sIsland.Mumbai'stopographyandgeographyare firmlyrestrictedtoonedirection,namelynorth.

Establishing Navi Mumbai

Inearly1964,NaviMumbaiwasdesignedasadiversionfromtheunendingtraffic congestioninMumbaiandthecity'srapidlyexpandingpopulation.A343.70square kmareafromThanetoRaigadwasincludedinthedevelopmentplanforNavi MumbaicreatedbyCIDCO.Inaddition,theideawasformallyauthorisedbythe MaharashtragovernmentinAugust1979.

Thesitewaschosenbecauseitwouldbesimplertorelocatethepopulationbecause itwasacrosstheharbourfromBombayIsland.Makinglivablespaces&amass transitsystemwascrucial.

The following were the primary drivers of the relocation:

 Bombay'sdeteriorationofolderbuildings

 betterandmoreaffordablehousingamenitiesinNaviMumbai.

 MoreemploymentopportunitiesareavailableinNaviMumbai.

 shorterdistancesforcommuting

AccordingtoLeCorbusier,theplanningisfoundedonthe7Vrule,whichidentifies thecrucialrolethatformingsectorsplays.Thepurposewastoinstillmodernist principles.UnlikeMumbai'sactivity-orientedplanning,NaviMumbai'splanningis focusedonapolycentricnodalpatternofdevelopment.Thedecentralizationmodel waschosenbyplannersaftertakingMumbai'sissuesintoconsideration.

Thepolycentriclayoutmakesitdifficultforpeopleandactivitiestoconcentratein oneplace.Thedecentralizedandbalancedresidentialzones,commercialhubs, wholesalemarketplaces,non-pollutingareas,&otheractivitiesarethefocusofthe planningmodel,whichoperateslikea"bunchofgrapes"

Theideawastodividetheentirelandmassintoanumberofautonomoustownships (nodes).Anodecanholdbetweenonemillionandthreemillionindividuals.Itis estimatedthattheNaviMumbaitownshipwillhave20nodes,atotalpopulationof about2million,and10,000jobs.

Thesenodesweredividedupevenfurtherintoresidentialsections.Thesector planningmethodologyiscomparabletotheestablishedgridplanningmethod. Residentialusagewasintendedformanyofthesectors.Itwassuggestedtoutilise single-usezoningratherthanthemorecommonmultiple-usezoning.Residential, institutional,commercial,&recreationaluseswereavailableatthenodes.They sharedlarger-scaleamenitiesincludingwaterreservoirsandtransportation networks.

City Linear: New Bombay

ThedesignideaforNaviMumbaiwasidealistic.Thecityhasopportunitiesandisthe largestplannedmetropolisintheworld.CIDCOoversawNaviMumbai'stownship developmentinordertocreateaself-sufficientcontemporarymetropolis.

TheNaviMumbailinearcityisalong-termurbandevelopmentproposal.Itis composedofanumberofparallel,function-orientedsectors.Thebuiltenvironment isorganisedaroundacentreofbusinessdevelopmentthathousesallofthecreative andleisurespacesneededforsocial,political,andcommercialactivity.TheCBD createsapassagewayfortheareabetweenmanufacturersandwarehouses.The nodalplanningisdividedintogroupsaccordingtoincome,startingwithlowerincomegroupsandmovinguptohighergroups.

Installedholdingpondsthatcanbeusedforpleasureandpisciculturecomplement thenodalplan.Recycledwaterfromsewageandindustrialwastewouldbeusedto createnewgreenspaces.

The basic components of the planning were:

 High-DensityCompactDevelopment

 RelativeGrowthintheCityPlan

 Dispersedlayoutofindependentvillageswithlotsofspacebetweenthem

ThearchitecturalideaspresentedintheDraughtDevelopmentPlanwereinfluenced bythelogicalthinkingofMahatmaGandhiandthefunctionalistoutlookof modernism.Manyofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthesetwodesign philosophiesaren'tnecessarilypositive.

Gandhianideaspromotedculturalvarietyandmixed-usezoning,incontrastto Modernism'ssupportforsingle-usezoning&patternsbasedoneconomic considerations.Thesocialfeaturesofcitydevelopmentwereheavilyweighted,with specificattentionbeingpaidtofactorslikeworkopportunities,housingdemands, utilities,recreationalactivities,andcommercialnecessities.

Theideasweredesigned,developed,andputintopracticeoverthecourseofthe process.Thebuiltenvironment'sconditionwasassessedusingrecurring socioeconomic&householdsurveys.Issueswiththedesignanddevelopmentwere discovered,andthesubsequentdesignphasesawtheimplementationoffixes.

Inordertoachievethisgoal,aheavy-handedexecutionstrategywasutilised,which involvedseizingtotalcontroloftheresidentialallotment.Thetown'surbansocial structurewaspredetermined.NaviMumbaiisamodern,plannedcitysituated againstadistinctivehistoricalandculturalbackdrop.

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