Understanding The Structure And Varieties Of Beams

Abuilding'sstructureusesvarioustypesofbeamstosupportverticalloadsaswellasshear andbendingmoments.Inengineeringandconstruction,abeamstructureisusedto provideareliableloadpaththatequallydistributesweightacrossthebaseofabuilding.A beamisatypeofstructuralelementthatsupportsweightlargelybyresistingbending.The mostfrequentmethodofdeflectingtheshaftsisbending.

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Beamscanwithstandbendingandshearingmomentsaswellasverticalstresses.To providemorethoroughsupportthroughoutthebuilding,thebeamstructureispositioned belowthefoundationorcolumn.

In a beam structure, reinforcements are used Dependingonthetypeofbuildingbeingbuiltandhowthebeamwillbeused,avarietyof alternatereinforcementscanbeusedinabeamconstruction.Thefoundationsthatare mostfrequentlyusedinclude:

Main bars: Tosupporttheweight,thistypeofreinforcementisused.

Support bars: Tokeepthestirrupsofabeaminplace,reinforcementsareaddedonthetop ofthebeam.

Stirrups: Thisreinforcementequalizestheshearstressesorforcesactingonthestructure.

Why is the construction of beams so important? 

Beamssupportthefloors,ceilings,androofsofabuildingandtransfertheloadtoa verticalload bearingcomponentofthestructure.

Thelintelbeam,whichsupportstheupperwallorpartitionmaterialbetween openings,providestheframingforabuildingstructure. 

Occasionally,larger,heavierbeamsknownastransferbeamswillcarrythe combinedweightofstackedwallsorotherbeams,transferringtheweighttothe supportsintheprocess. 

Duetotheirexceptionalload bearingcapabilities,I beamsareextensivelyusedin construction.

Various beam types used in construction

Themanytypesofbeamsarecategorizedusingthefollowingstandards:

Basedontheequilibriumcondition

Basedongeometry

Basedonconstructionmaterials

Basedonsupportconditions

Basedoncross sectionshapes

Basedontheconstructionmethod

Dangling beam

Anendportionofabeamtypeknownasanoverhangingbeamextendsbeyondits supports.Thisstructureexhibitsbothcantilever&simplysupportedbeamfeatures.The sectionofabeamthatisdoubleoverhungmaybeatoneendonly,orbothends.

Beams that cantilever

Acantileverbeamisonethathasoneendfastenedwhiletheotherendisletfree.Afterthe beampassestheweightbacktothesupport,itexperiencesshearstressbeforebrieflybeing understrain.Cantileverbeamscanbeusedtoconstructbaywindows,balconies,oreven bridges.Thecantilevertypicallyconsistsofabeamwiththeparameterslength(l), thickness(t),&width(w),thoughitcouldinsteadbemadeoftwobeamslinkedatanangle.

Simply supported beam

Asupportedbeamhassupportedendsorendsthatcanfreelyrestonsupports.Thisbeam isoftenconsideredtobetheeasiesttypeofconstruction.Thisshaftform onerayfrom therollersupportandtheotherfromthepinnedsupport isincrediblytypicaland conclusivebecausethereareonlythreeunidentifiedreactions&threeequilibrium equations.

Curved beam

Theshapeofthesebeamsisbentalongtheirhorizontalaxes.Theycanalsobearbending momentsaswellasshearandtorsionalforcessincetheyarestrengthenedattheirends. Themostcommonstructuresmadewiththemarearchesandcircles.Theyarealsousedto constructcranes,balconies,andcranesthatprovidepre-camberforstructuresthat resemblebridges.Thesebeamsarechallengingtodesignbecausethestraindistribution alongtheiraxesisnotlinear.

This beam's T section

Thisbeamisfrequentlyconstructedasasinglepiecefromareinforcedconcreteslab. SometimesisolatedT beamsarebuilttoincreasethecompressivestrengthoftheconcrete. Additionally,aninvertedT beamcanbeconstructedinaccordancewiththeloading requirements.Moreheadroomisacquiredasaresultofthebeam'sdepthbeinglessened thannormal.Tominimisebeamdeflectionacrosslargerspans,T beamsareusedinplace ofconventionalshafts.

Reinforced beam of concrete

Reinforcedconcreteismadebycombiningconcreteandsteelrods.Tosupplement concrete'srelativelylowflexibilityandtensilestrength,steelreinforcementisoften passivelyaddedbeforetheconcretehardens.Thesebeamsareusedinthevastmajorityof constructionprojects.Reinforcedconcreteoffersbenefitssinceitcanbearheavy compressivestresses.

Unfinished beam

Constructionworkerscanutiliseprecastconcretebeams,whichareadaptablebuilding materials,forflooring,exteriorandinteriorwalls,concreteframeworks,staircases,wall cladding,aswellasotherconstruction-relateduses.Thiskindofbeamisproducedin factories.Theconstructionenvironmentissimplertocontrolthanon siteconstruction.As aresult,theconcreteinthebeamwouldbeofgreaterquality.Theconnectionsofthebeam arefrequentlyachievedbysandwichingalooseplatebetweentwostructuralsteelplates thatareinsertedinthecast in placeconcretepanelandtheprecastconcretepanel,andare thenbondedbywelding.

Fixture beam

Bothoftheendsofafixedbeamarebuiltintoorfastenedtowalls.Itisalsoknownasa fixedbeam,ancestrybeam,orbuilt inbeam.

Itcansupportmoreweightunderthesameloadingconditionsthanabeamthatissimply supported.Ithasasmallermaximumdeflectionthanabeamthatisonlysupported.It enduresaquieterultimatebendingmomentthanasupportedshaft.

Composite trusses

Steelandconcrete,twoseparateelements,areusedtoconstructthesebuildings.Thereare numeroussuitablecross sectionsforthecompositebeam.Crossbeamsmusthaveshear connectionsthatconnectthetwomaterials.Shearconnectorsarecommonlydrilledinto thesteelbeamsandinsertedintotheconcreteslabsforsteel-concretecompositebeams.

A wooden beam

Woodenhorizontalstructuralsupportsarecalledtimberbeams.Inhousesandother wooden framestructures,thesebeamsarecommonplace.Thechoiceofwoodisinfluenced bytheconstructionstyle.Toproducewoodenbeams,buildingcontractorscanutilisesawn lumberandengineeredwoodproducts.Thegoodsmadeofengineeredwoodhavea strongerresistancetotwistingandwarping.Thefirstkindsofbeamshistoricallyusedin constructionwereconstructedofwood.

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