Ashley Ng_Portfolio_2021_Masters of Landscape Architecture_UCL Bartlett by Ashley Ng

Table of Contents

01 | Interweave

Land Observatory

02 | Water as a Third Space ***

This portfolio contains a series of projects I have developed throughout my studies at Smith College, my internship and as an artist. History, identity, art and nature are approaches integrated in my exploration as a designer and a scholar. The chosen projects reflect a personal evolution of understanding design as a multifaceted subject of social and environmental constructs from theory, to awareness and to practice.

Waterfront Promenade

03 | A Spatial Temporal Analysis of Free Zones

Terrestrial Bodies

04 | Riverside Boathouse

Norwottuck Community Center

05 | Embodied Carbon Analysis

Research

06 | Atlas of the Sea

Research

07 | Shadows

Light Installation

08 | Other Work Charcoal | Ink | Still life

The space and form of this land observatory was inspired by the interweaving nature of the Silverleaf grape vine, a deciduous and high-climbing plant. Each unit consists of four geometric aggregations, joined by two polystyrene strips of varying lengths, seamlessly connected on both vertical and horizontal planes in a sequential manner, ultimately creating an undulating landscape. Orthographic projections were produced to envision the model as an observatory of landform and a sensory experience of mother nature. Materials 1. Model, 0.04 * 0.08 " polystyrene strips 2. Drawing and collage on 24" x 36" vellum

Assemblage of Unit

Yan Tung (Ashley) Ng | ashleyngg97@gmail.com | +1 6478079052

1. Geometric Unit

2. Horizontally connected

3. Vertically connected

4. Final aggregation

Exit

Embedded within the structure is an elevated pathway designed to compliment the changing height as well as spatial language of the space. Inspired by the procession of promenade architecture, this observatory begins rooted in the ground but gradually releases us into the open landscape, a continous space where people are free to meander and engage with the surrounding nature.

Section B’

Side view of hand-constructed polystyrene model

Observatory Lookout & Rest Area

Entrance Plan view of model 11” x 17”

Observatory Lookout & Rest Area Section B’

Yan Tung (Ashley) Ng | ashleyngg97@gmail.com | +1 6478079052

NB Cotton Mills Corp. 1909

Key

02 | Water as a Third Space

Taber 1906 Mill

Textile Mills

Cottage Tenements

Software Used: Rhinoceros, Illustrator, Photoshop

Shipping Ports

The name Acushnet originated from the Wampanoag word Cushnea which means “As far as the waters”. The Cushenas were the first settlers of New Bedford, and the river was crucial to their survival. The Acushnet river remains as a significant source of New Bedford’s economical prosperity and will continue to be a symbol of sustenance. By analyzing the industrial and housing typologies that prevailed in the 19th century, I discovered water has a sacred connection to the people and the landscape, in which I explore as a third-space.

Shanties/Shacks Acushnet River

Wamsutta Mills 1846

Acushnet River

Azores

W E

New Bedford, MA Madeira 1818 The first Portuguese immigrants to New Bedford came from Azores, Madeira and Cape Verde; they were major stops for whaling ships. Cape Verde

New Bedford, MA

Place of Work

Immigrant Housing Type

Fishermen, Coopers, Ship Repairer Men

Shipping Ports

Shanties/ Shacks

Men, Women, Children

Textile Mills

Yan Tung (Ashley) Ng | ashleyngg97@gmail.com | +1 6478079052

Tenement Housing

COUNTY ST.

1870 Immigrants came to America as it was a free port, the land of opportunity. While the whaling industry was in decline, the city’s textile industry was just beginning to boom.

1917 SOUTH WATER ST.

1880 The divide amongst the wealthy and labourers were extreme. Mill workers were poorly treated by corporate owners with limited housing; issues of overcrowding arised due to high rental costs and with the immigrant population rising.

WING ST.

1910-1920 Immigration peaked then slowed down as the U.S. government instituted a literacy test for incoming immigrants in 1917.

1958 Volcanic eruptions in Azores spurred a second wave of immigrants. Congress passed the Azorean Refugee Act, allowing 4,8000 more to immigrate. 1965 The Immigration and Nationality Act abolished the quota system. The number of Portuguese immigrants averaged 11,000-12,000/year; 0.4% of the U.S. Population and 6.2% of immigrants lived in Massachusetts

Site

HOWLAND ST.

1901 The period of the textile boom and the era of mill expansion where the highest profits in the industry were made. This parallels to the great ALLEN ST. influx of immigrants that helped to produce this wealth.

1928 Textile workers went on strike over a 10% wage cut for factory operatives. Most mills closed due to the strock market crash and the great depression, causing the industry to move South.

Textile Workers

NE Cotton Yarn co

ORCHARD ST.

Quisset mills 1912 POTOMSKA ST. Potomska Mills 1873

W E

Howland Village District

Acushnet Mills 1883 SOUTH WATER ST.

NE Cotton Yarn Co. 1899

DARTMOUTH ST.

Gosnold Mills 1902

Butler Mills 1902 Kilburn Mills 1904

Waterfront Promenade The close proximity between the immigrant’s rigorous place of work and adjacent housing, informed the need for a third-space that recognizes their role in New Bedford’s narrative. A waterfront program was developed as Azorean and Madeiran immigrants have an attachment to water, being surrounded by the ocean as archipelagos of Portugal. The park that extends as a boardwalk and floating promenade, creates a sacred place for reflection, that draws the New Bedford community together to commemorate the historical past in these waters.

W E

Pope Island

Fish Island

Fisherman’s Wharf State Pier Maritime Terminal

Crow Island

Coal Pocket Pier Homer’s Wharf

Plan View

Leonard’s Wharf

Fairhaven

New Be

ford

Bed

r Fer

Waterfront Park

New

yhu

utt

-C

dford

-N cket

antu

ACUSHNET RIVER

y Ferr

Boardwalk

Site Aerial Plan

New Bedford Floating Promenade

Palmer Island (1849)

Marine Commerce Terminal

Hurricane barrier (1966)

Yan Tung (Ashley) Ng | ashleyngg97@gmail.com | +1 6478079052

03 Pedestrian Bridge

02 Boardwalk

01 Waterfront Park

The walking element from the waterfront park to the floating promenade was inspired by the procession ritual of the Blessed Sacrament, a Madeiran religous ceremony that simulates a pilgrimage.

04 Floating Promenade

North East View

North View Planters frame the boardwalk by the water and also extends as benches for public seating, creating a seamless circulation

North West View

This site was chosen because of its historical significance as a whaling ship dock and its close proximity to the Potomska Mill, and the Portuguese Navy Yard where Azorean and Madieran ship workers resided.

Left Elevation

Yan Tung (Ashley) Ng | ashleyngg97@gmail.com | +1 6478079052

Key

Place of Work

Immigrant Housing Type Whale oil processing

Analysis of Ports: Whaling 1750-1900

Analysis of Shanties and Shacks: The Portuguese Navy Yard

Metal-work

With access to the Atlantic coast commercial centers in New York and Boston, New Bedford’s whaling industry brought maritime businesses in ship building and trading. This growth impacted the west Acushnet shoreline dramatically, causing environmental affects still seen today. Whale oil processing factories and metal -work businesses came hand in hand, releasing harmful pollutants of solvents, metals, acids, which accumulated as liquid wastes into the Acushnet river.

The Portuguese navy yard got its name from the immigrant population that lived in this waterfront area located between South and Potomska Street. The shantytown consisted of 40 so called shacks that allowed men to be in close proximity to jobs at sea or in shipbuilding.

1873 Potomska Mill

1857 Peak of whaling in New Bedford

Number of Whaling Ships

400

1820 New Bedford’s whale ﬁshery 238 surpassed Nantucket

200

177

301

176

129

100

1765 First whaleship built in New Bedford 45 3

1770

128

1790

1810

1830

1938 The New England Hurricane striked and wiped out the entire navy yard as if it never existed

Fairhaven Bridge 1798

1858 Discovery of Oil in Pennsylvania

329

300

1750

1899 Row of cabins facing the south along Potomska Street

1850

1870

1890

1905 Spring steel invented 1910

Year N

W E

Place of Work

Immigrant Housing Type

Fishermen, Coopers, Ship Repairer Men

Shipping Ports Yan Tung (Ashley) Ng | ashleyngg97@gmail.com | +1 6478079052

Textile Workers Men, Women, Children

Shanties/ Shacks

Key

Place of Work

Wetlands (1844)

Analysis of Textile Mill: Wamsutta Mill

Analysis of Three Decker Tenement: 90 Nelson Street

Wood-frame housing, a New England characteristic, was designed to accomodate the labour workforce of the textile industry. This structure provided lodging for three or more immigrant families and one or two tenements were typically built on adjacent lots for the builder’s personal investment.

LOGAN ST. Storage Ho No. 1 Storage Ho No. 1

Boiler House

AUSTIN ST.

No. 2No. 1 Store Store Ho.

Programs in a Textile Mill

Ho.

Picker Ho. 4

Blacksmith WAMSUTTA ST.

Cloth Rm. Bldg.

Mill No. 1

No. 2 Store Ho.

No. 3 Store Ho.

Storage Ho No. 1

Evolution of Tenement Housing Types

Storage Ho No. 1

Wamsutta Mills

Grinnell Mfg.

Taunton-New Bedford Corp. Copper Co.

1846

COPPER ST.

1870 Earliest version of tenement house

Taunton-New Bedford Copper Co.

1871 A flat roofed tenement house was alsoAcushnet an earlyRiver design but was not popular

COPPER ST.

Picker Ho. 3

Mill No. 2

FRONT ST.

Sheds/Barns

Mill No. 4

Tenements

No. 4 3 Blacksmith No.Mill &Picker 5 Store No. Ho. 4 Boiler No. 6 Ho. 7 Picker Ho. Cloth Boiler Rm.Ho. Ho. 5 Bldg. Picker Ho. 3 Picker Mill No. 6 Ho. 6 Mill No. 2 Mill No. 3 Mill No. 1

PURCHASE ST.

Storage Houses

Pond

Mill No. 4

AUSTIN ST.

Boiler House

No. 1 Store Ho.

ACUSHNET AVE.

Picker Other HouseCorp.

PURCHASE ST.

Key Tenements Wamsutta Mill LINDEN ST. Sheds/Barns

Grinnell Mfg. Corp.

Storage Ho No. 3

Mill No. 5

Picker House

FRONT ST.

ACUSHNET AVE.

No. 4 &Weave 5 Mill No. ShedNo. 6 Boiler 7 Picker Ho. Boiler Ho. No. 4 Ho. 5 Store Ho. Picker Mill No. 6 Rodman’s Ho. 6

LINDEN ST.

Storage Houses

Rodman’s Pond

No. 4 Store Ho.

Storage Ho No. 3

Mill No. 5

Weave Shed

LOGAN ST.

Key Wamsutta Mill

Other Corp.

Immigrant Housing Taber Mill 1906

Textile Mills

The textile era in New Bedford fluorished between 1846-1928 with Wamsutta Mill being the first constructed. The primary environmental impact of the mills were their location of construction, which were on wetlands on the west shore of the Acushnet river. The loss of wetlands has affected New Bedford’s shoreline: decreased habitation of local and migratory species, and the inability to filter excess nutrients, pollutants.

1847 Picker House

NB Cotton Mills Corp. 1909

Mill No. 3

WAMSUTTA ST.

1880 The gable front, side hall NE Cotton 1917 format was predominant Yarn co until 1903

1848 Mill No. 1

COUNTY ST.

SOUTH WATER ST. 1894

1852 Mill No. 2

The hipped roof variation outnumbered the gable roof varieties of houses

1860 Mill No. 3

WING ST.

Typical floor plan of three-decker tenement

HOWLAND ST.

1868 Mill No. 4

1875 Mill No. 5

1881-82 Mill No. 6

1889 Clothing Room Building

Key

m. master bedroom

a. ceremonial entry porch: evening sitting, courting ALLEN ST. b. hall: ritualistic circulation, weather baffle, cold storage

n. pantry: food storage and

c. parlor: social and religious ceremonies

o. water closet: personal

d. sitting room for tv and for large family gatherings

hygiene

e. kitchen: dining rituals, card N playing, dancing

p. broom closet: storage

f. rear hall: main entry

q. side passageway to rear

g. stairway W to cellar, apartments, and attic

entry

h. piazza: laundry ‘deck’, child’s play area E

ORCHARD ST.

preparation

1893 Mill No. 7

1897 Storage Room

Yan Tung (Ashley) Ng | ashleyngg97@gmail.com | +1 6478079052

DARTMOUTH ST.

front piazzas added to the base form, which were Place of Work intergrated Potomska Mills into three story window bays

Immigrant Housing Type

Fishermen,

Howland Village District

Acushnet Mills Coopers, Ship 1883 Repairer Men

SOUTH WATER ST.

j. yard shrine: private zone, symbolic, sacred space l. child’s room

type was formed: POTOMSKA housing ST.

1873

i. suburban yard condition for flowerbeds, play areas S k. front bedroom: summer sleeping, rental room

Quisset mills 1907 1912 A new three decker

Shipping Ports

Shanties/ Shacks

Textile Workers

NE Cotton Yarn Co. 1899

Gosnold Mills 1902

Men, Women, Children

Kilburn Mills 1904

Butler Mills 1902 Textile Mills

Tenement Housing

TIMELINE: INTRODUCTION AND MAP OF CASE

03 | A Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Free Zones

STUDIES

In this chapter of the book, we will discuss the basic typologies of free zones in order of their chronological development. Each stage will be illustrated with case studies that provide three scales of analysis: global, regional and city. The free zone has existed for centuries- a nascent form can be seen in Delos, in ancient Greece. However, free zones became a global phenomenon in the late 20th century and since then have spread rapidly and evolved. This section will focus on the different stages in the evolution of free zones.

Software Used: Rhinoceros, Illustrator, Photoshop Collaborators: Melanie Balcihon, Sayee Bernstein, Charlotte Couderc, Samia Elghouzani, Lucy Hall, Ella Martin-Gachot

A book was created to educate people about the history of free zones and its relevance to social, political and economical issues, with an emphasis on architectural typologies. Representing the stages of free zones through visualizations, the following spreads are my individual analysis of industrial, commercial and agriculture districts within Manaus, Brazil, and Songdo, Korea.

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Chapter One: Timeline

CHRONOLOGICAL

CASE STUDY OVERVIEW

TYPOLOGIES OF FREE ZONES 1940s

1960s

Credit to Melanie Balcihon, Ella Martin-Gachot

Stage 1 - Trade Based

Stage 2 - Manufacture Based

Stage 3 - Service Based

Stage 4 - Science Based

1970s Stage 5 - Comprehensive 1990s

Stage 6 - New Applications of Free Zones

DJIBOUTI SHANNON

SEOKMODO ISLAND

GIMPO

TYPOLOGIES OF FREE ZONES BY STAGE

Stage 1 Trade-based Free port Customs free zone Foreign trade zone Transhipment zones Tax free zone

Stage 4 Science-based Research park/area Science & technology park Silicon village High-tech industrial area Science city

Stage 2 Manufacture Based Duty free processing zone Export processing zone Industrial free zone Privileged export zone Import processing zone

Stage 5 Comprehensive Free economic zone Special economic zone Comprehensive free port Comprehensive free trade zone Agriculture export processing zone

Stage 3 Service-based Free service zone Free banking zone Free tourist zone Free insurance zone Free professional zone

Stage 6 New Applications of Free Zones International business district Technology park Research park Free tourist zone Business park

GANGHWADO

SEOUL INCHEON INT’L AIRPORT EXPRESSWAY

MODO JANGBONGDO

CHEONGNA

SINDO

BANGALORE CAYMAN ISLANDS BUCHEON

YEONGJONG

GWANGMYEONG

INCHEON INT’L AIRPORT

YELLOW SEA

ANYANG

MANAUS SONGDO

Credit to Melanie Balcihon, Ella Martin-Gachot Yan Tung (Ashley) Ng | ashleyngg97@gmail.com | +1 6478079052

Collaborative spreads by Sayee Bernstein, Lucy Hall, Ashley Ng

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Chapter One: Timeline

STAGE 5: COMPREHENSIVE ZONE

Stage 5 zones were developed during the late 1970s to the late 1980s. A comprehensive free zone is: “ a defined large area, politically separated from the national economy and blocked off by physical and natural barriers or relatively opens to other regions of the host economy.” This type of zone is multifunctional and can include a combination of or all of the following zones mentioned in the previous stages: trade, manufacture, service and science based. Some of these functions include trade, service, commerce, production, education and research. Geographically speaking, comprehensive zones can be located in coastal regions, inland, and border regions. The objectives of the zone is to successfully attract more foreign capital and investment, create employment, develop strategies for industrialization, and to carry out economic and political reform. Comprehensive free zones are not limited to one type of form, function or objective and is usually governed by both the administrative area and the zone itself. Examples include Manaus in Brazil, Shenzhen in China and Singapore in Southeast Asia.

MAP OF GLOBAL EXPORTS OF INDUSTRIAL GOODS FROM MANAUS

MANAUS FREE TRADE

Industrial

Acai, cassava starch, cocoa, palm oil, guarana, pupunha palm, timber, medicinal plants

Pisciculture, agribusiness, rural production, natural rubber, brazil nuts, acai, cupuacu

Thermoplastic, metallurgy, chemicals, electronics, computer goods, two-wheels, motorcycles

CARIBBEAN SEA PANAMA

VENEZUELA

MANAUS

Agriculture

Commercial

COSTA RICA

CASE STUDY:

ZONE STRUCTURE

Manaus FTZ 3 Economic Hubs

GUYANA

FRENCH GUIANA

COLOMBIA

Manaus, the capital of the Amazonas located in Northern Brazil, was first created as a free trade port before becoming a free economic zone in the 1960s. The city’s free trade zone offers three major services: industrial, commercial and agriculture.

SURINAME ECUADOR

AMAZON RIVER

AMAZONAS MANAUS

AMAZON RIVER

NEGRO RIVER

BRAZIL

PERU

PORTO DE MANAUS

BOLIVIA

PARAGUAY

PACIFIC OCEAN ARGENTINA

Road route

URAGUAY

CHILE

Shipping route

ATLANTIC OCEAN

Air route

95% 5%

While the Manaus free trade zone is mainly directed to the Brazilian market, they also export 5% of their industrial goods to European, Latin American, and United States markets.

No Information

46/47

Chapter One: Timeline

48/49

Chapter One: Timeline

MAP OF INDUSTRIAL

MAP OF FREE TRADE

AND AGRICULTURAL

ZONES IN THE

DISTRICT OF MANAUS

WESTERN AMAZON CARIBBEAN SEA COSTA RICA

PANAMA

VENEZUELA

GUYANA

FRENCH GUIANA

CARIBBEAN SEA

COLOMBIA SURINAME ECUADOR

COSTA RICA

AMAZON RIVER

AMAZONAS

PANAMA

BRAZIL

PERU

VENEZUELA

GUYANA

BOLIVIA

FRENCH GUIANA

COLOMBIA

PARAGUAY

PACIFIC OCEAN

SURINAME ARGENTINA

ECUADOR

URAGUAY

AMAZON RIVER

CHILE

AMAZONAS

ATLANTIC OCEAN

MANAUS BRAZIL

PERU

AMAZON RIVER

NEGRO RIVER

Industrial District

BOLIVIA Free Trade Zones

PORTO DE MANAUS

Agriculture District

Manaus is one of four free trade zones found in the Western Amazon. Surrounding the city are three other states of Amazonas: Acre, Rondonia and Roraima. Acre’s PACIFIC economy is OCEAN focused on extractivism, producing rubber and the collection of Brazilian nuts. Rondonia's economy relies on farming activities such as cattle raising to produce beef and dairy products. Lastly, Roraima is located in the North and focuses on farming and ecotourism. Regionally, the commercial and agriculture

PARAGUAY

services attract the domestic market and is successful because of fiscal incentives placed by the federal government. Without these incentives, there would be more competition between Manaus and the other free trade zones as the city has poor transport links to other markets.

Manaus was created by the federal government to attract foreign investment and to assist in the development of the city. The main services of the Manaus FTZ include their industrial sector and their agricultural district. The industrial sector is one of the most developed industrial and technological centers in Latin America. Not only does the Manaus Industrial Sector provide a huge production of electrical and industrial products locally and globally, but also generates half a million direct

ARGENTINA URAGUAY

CHILE

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Chapter One: Timeline ATLANTIC OCEAN

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and indirect jobs. The Suframa agricultural district, located in the North of the city, belongs to families who farm for their own consumption as well as agriculture production and agribusiness. Some of these activities include the production and processing of farming, livestock, fishing and plants.

Chapter One: Timeline

STAGE 6: NEW APPLICATIONS OF FREE ZONES

IT (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) SERVICE INVESTORS IN SONGDO

TURE

Songdo IBD

GIMPO

GANGHWADO

SONGDO IBD STRUC-

SEOKMODO ISLAND

Industrial

Commercial

Information technology infrastructure, bio industry, industry-academia-research

CASE STUDY: SONGDO IBD

MAP OF FOREIGN

SEOKMODO ISLAND

Stage 6 refers to the new applications of free zones as the idea of an old free port has evolutionarily changed since the Roman port of Delos. The oldest free zones were bordered around an entire region or country for trading and manufacturing goods, whereas today, a free zone can be found in the form of hubs within a city or a newly established district built from reclaimed land. This includes special economic zones, international business districts, smart cities and examples are found in Shanghai, China and Songdo, South Korea. The form and function of these new free zones has expanded to cater more financial as well as business purposes. The broader objectives of these new districts is to increase overseas and domestic trading as well as businesses, and establish education and research hubs on an international scale. Additionally, some of their local objectives include residential development, promoting tourism, enhancing circulation and creating an environmentally friendly urban space.

GIMPO Sustainable Urban Living

GANGHWADO

International business, entertainment, tourism, residential and leisure development

SEOUL

Sustainable buildings, international schools, universities hospitals, CHEONGNA cultural centers, parks

INCHEON INT’L AIRPORT EXPRESSWAY

MODO

JANGBONGDO

SINDO

BUCHEON

Songdo is an International Business District (IBD) built from reclaimed land along the Incheon waterfront, located in Southwest of Seoul, South Korea. The plan for Songdo was first developed in 2009 and is scheduled to be completed by the year 2020.

GWANGMYEONG

YEONGJONG

INCHEON

SEOKMODO ISLAND

GIMPO GANGHWADO

INCHEON INT’L AIRPORT

SEOUL INCHEON INT’L AIRPORT EXPRESSWAY

MODO JANGBONGDO

CHEONGNA

SINDO

YEONGJONG

YELLOW SEA

BUCHEON

GWANGMYEONG

INCHEON BRIDGE

INCHEON

INCHEON INT’L AIRPORT

YELLOW SEA

ANYANG INCHEON BRIDGE

DONGMYEONG PORT

ANYANG DONGMYEONG PORT

SONGDO

ANSAN

Foreign Investors

MODO JANGBONGDO

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Chapter One: Timeline

CHEONGNA

Songdo aims to provide global services within their knowledge and information industry complex and high-tech industrial cluster. They want to attract major foreign and overseas investment companies based on the best IT (Information Technology) infrastructure. The projects include the advancement of research, manufacturing and construction facilities to improve future technologies.

SINDO

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MAP OF INDUSTRIAL,

FREE ECONOMIC

RESIDENTIAL, AND

Chapter One: Timeline

INCHEON

GREEN SPACES IN

SEOKMODO ISLAND

BUCHEON

YEONGJONG

MAP OF INCHEON ZONE

INCHEON INT’L AIRPORT EXPRESSWAY

Songdo

SONGDO

GIMPO GANGHWADO

INCHEON INT’L AIRPORT

SEOUL INCHEON INT’L AIRPORT EXPRESSWAY

MODO JANGBONGDO

CHEONGNA

SINDO

BUCHEON

YEONGJONG

YELLOW SEA

INCHEON BRIDGE

GWANGMYEONG

INCHEON Residential

INCHEON INT’L AIRPORT

DONGMYEONG PORT

SONGDO

Wetland Area & Park

YELLOW SEA

INCHEON BRIDGE

Green Space

ANYANG Major Expressways

DONGMYEONG PORT

Other

SONGDO

Industry

IFEZ

Industry Facility

Songdo is one of three regions part of the Incheon Free Economic Zone (IFEZ); the two other regions are Cheongna and Yeongjong. Cheongna International City focuses on entertainment attractions and includes a theme park and sport facilities. Yeongjong International City is developed in conjunction with the Incheon International Airport and will include residential, commercial and leisure developments. Songdo encompasses

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Yan Tung (Ashley) Ng | ashleyngg97@gmail.com | +1 6478079052

the largest area of the ANSAN IFEZ and provides multiple services. Overall, the objective of IFEZ is to promote commercial services in the Northeast Asia region, this includes: business, entertainment and tourism.

Chapter One: Timeline

The Songdo IBD aims to be a model for future sustainable urban cities. The district alone holds 118 LEED certified buildings and aims to reduce the use of cars by making bike paths and convinient walking routes. A 101 acre park inspired by Manhattan’s central park located in the middle of the city provides green spaces for the community and also encourages

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people to walk. In addition to sustainability, Songdo has developments dedicated to the arts, education and for the general use of the community.

ANSAN

Chapter One: Timeline

Connecticut River

Software Used: Rhinoceros, Illustrator, Photoshop, InDesign DCR Visitors

The goal of this project was to create one space for two programs: the DCR (Department of Conservation and Recreation) visitor center and the UMass Men’s Rowing Boathouse. A shared vestibule was designed to integrate the two, which maximizes views of the Connecticut river and allows abundant sunlight to flourish into the interior of the space. Program placement was key as we had to take into account a grade change, public versus private spaces and clear accessibility for both rowers and visitors.

UMass Crew Team Vehicular Traffic Boat Traffic

Materials 1. Models constructed with chipboard, 1/8" thick

Circulation Diagram

Ashley Ng Ng :: DCR DCR Visitor Visitor Center Center && Umass Umass Men’s Men’s Rowing Rowing Boathouse Boathouse Ashley

Structural model

Frame study process models

Views of the river

Circulation Diagram 1/16”=1’ Lower LevelDiagram Plan 1/16”=1’ Circulation

Upper Level Plan 10

9 N

2 W

Key 1. Exhibition Space 1

4 Key

3. DCR Workspace 4. Maintenance Office

Lower Level Level Plan Plan 1/8”=1’ 1/8”=1’ Lower Yan Tung (Ashley) Ng | ashleyngg97@gmail.com | +1 6478079052

3. Orientation Meeting Room 4. DCR Reception

Boathouse 11Boathouse Boathouse DCR Storage 221.DCR Storage DCRWorkspace Workspace 33DCR 2. DCR Storage 4 Maintenance Office 4 Maintenance Office

2. Outdoor Viewing Space

Upper Level Level Plan Plan 1/8”=1’ 1/8”=1’ Upper

5. DCR Space Main Exhibition Space Office 11Exhibition OutdoorViewing ViewingSpace Space 22Outdoor 6. Women’s Bathroom OrientationMeeting Meeting Room 33Orientation Room DCRReception Reception 44DCR 7. Men’s Bathroom 5 DCR Main Office 5 DCR Main Office Women’sBathroom Bathroom 66Women’s 8. Family Bathroom Men’s Bathroom 77Men’s Bathroom FamilyBathroom Bathroom 88Family 9. UMass Team Office UMassTeam TeamOffice Office 99UMass 1010. UMass GroupGroup Room Room 10 UMass Group Room UMass

Parking Lot

Site Plan

Water Catchment

Box Gutter

Roof Skylight

Roof Framing

Insulation

Butterfly Roof Section Detail

Summer

Skylight Shaft

Spring Skylight Section Detail Winter

Winter-Summer Sun

753

Bobcat

Section North View Key 1. UMass Group Room

4. Orientation Meeting Room

2. UMass Team Office

5. UMass Boathouse

3. Outdoor Viewing Space

6. DCR Workspace

Sectional model Balsawood, acrylic and foam board, 17” x 22” Yan Tung (Ashley) Ng | ashleyngg97@gmail.com | +1 6478079052

This research shows that altering the structural material

This research report focuses on a New England farmhouse as a case study for embodied carbon analysis. The aim was to understand the environmental impacts of building materials and if embodied carbon can be reduced with alternative materials. With supervision from the principal and partners at C&H Architects, I conducted life cycle assessments on Tally by CandHArchitects.com 49 S. Pleasant Street, Suite 301 Amherst, MA 01002 413.549.3616 a 3D model on Revit. constructing

of a building can have a measurable impact at any scale. As concrete represents half of the overall embodied carbon, it is critical that we find an alternative. As part of my independent study: “Materials for a Sustainabe Future: An Analysis on Wood, Steel and Concrete”, I researched sustainable intiatives that can reduce the carbon impact of concrete .

Variables Building Element

Control

Insulation

Cellulose insulation and spray foam at band joists

Variable 1: Variable 2: Concrete Additive CCSF

Variable 3: Hempcrete

Carbon Impacts of Concrete The cement industry accounts for 6-10% of total global CO2 emissions, the cement manufacturing process is especially taxing

Cellulose insulation Closed cell and spray foam at polyurethane spray band joists foam

Cellulose insulation and spray foam at band joist @ roof and walls used only on the exterior walls of the model. An additional advantage of using hempcrete is its + Hempcrete; ability to replace four layers of standard wall assembly: gypsum wall board, plywood sheathing, air inﬁltration barrier and vapor retarder. All four of these layers are excluded from the exterior wall Foundation Cast-in place Cast-in place Cast-in place Cast-in assembly with the use of Hempcrete.

concrete; 2501-3000 psi, 0-19% ﬂy ash

concrete; 2501-3000 psi, 40-49% ﬂy ash

concrete; 2501-3000 psi, 0-19% ﬂy ash

place concrete; 2501-3000 psi, 0-19% ﬂy ash

Figure 1. Table detailing the four models and their differences in building element

Production of Portland Cement 50% of CO2 is released through chemical processes and 50% is from burning fuel.

Variables Table detailing the four models and their differences in building element

Control Results

The control is the farmhouse as-built. Some major features of the farmhouse include: standing seam metal roof, double stud 1’ wide wall assembly with dense-pack (DP) cellulose and 2’ thick roof assembly with DP cellulose.

Berge, Bjorn. The Ecology of Building Materials, 2009.

Variable 1: Concrete Additive All concrete elements in the model are replaced with 40-49% ﬂy ash concrete. Fly ash is a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) and a byproduct of coal burning. It is a partial substitute to Portland cement, which only makes up 10% of the weight of concrete, but it accounts for 90% of the embodied carbon (King, 2017, p. 23). Additionally, the use of ﬂy ash allows the concrete to be produced at a lower water content, while also improving cohesiveness and reduces segregation (Thomas, 2007). Variable 2: Closed Cell Spray Foam (CCSF) All cellulose insulation in the house and open cell spray foam at the band joist is replaced with closed cell spray foam, with the same assembly R-values maintained. CCSF refers to polyurethane foam that expands to form a rigid structure, whichthroughout makes it anthe effective insulator and This bar graph shows that the design option CCSF entirety of the house of 1300, while the air sealant material. However, it contains a blowing agent withthe a GWP 2) hempcrete would produce the highest value of embodied carbon, while option(CO with replacing control model usesthe open cellvalue. spray foam (OCSF) with a blowing agent GWP (CO2) of 0 (“Spray exterior walls has lowest Polyurethane Foam Insulation and Passive Houses”, 2012). Variable 3: Hempcrete Hemp acts as a carbon sink and has the ability to store carbon, as it absorbs CO2 in the atmosphere during growth, the lime binder reabsorbs carbon during the setting process (Daly et al., 2011). It is a bio-composite material that is composed of lime and the core of the hemp plant. After setting, it becomes a lightweight material that can be used in construction. Hempcrete was 3

Figure 2. Bar chart representing the total embodied carbon (GWP) of the four models (See Appendix A)

“Carbon Impacts of Concrete”, Architecture 2030

I. Concrete Sustainable Initiatives Reducing cement used per unit volume in concrete will reduce its carbon impact in the transportation and production process

Results Bar chart representing the total embodied carbon (GWP) of the four models. Embodied carbon = Global Warming Potential (GWP) on Tally, measured in (kg CO2eq). The value takes the amount of CO2 emitted, and other GHG emissions.

Hollow Concrete Blocks

Lightweight Concrete Blocks

Hollow Concrete Slab Unit

Lightweight Concrete Slab Unit

Transportation Cast cement on site as prefabricated blocks or produce with hollow centers to reduce weight Production Use alternative fuel or modern shaft kilns in production can reduce carbon released

II. Concrete Alternatives Us non-fossil fuel based supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) to improve compressive strength, reduce production cost and energy intensive process of concrete 01

Analysis

Difference in Embodied Carbon (kg of CO2eq)

Metric tons (MT) of CO2

Concrete Additive

95,650 - 95,784 = -134

.134

2389.7

CCSF

118,765 - 95,784 = 22,981

409,881.8

Hempcrete

84,018- 95,784 = -11,766

11.8

209,854.6

Model 4

Affected volume (ft3)

Figure 3. Table showing the difference in embodied carbon of the three models compared to the control and the equivalent affected volume in ft3 TheTung following calculations were made by inputting the difference in embodied carbon to the Yan (Ashley) Ng | ashleyngg97@gmail.com | +1 6478079052

Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator1: Using a concrete with a 40-49% ﬂy ash in its composition versus a 0-19% ﬂy ash is equivalent to saving .134 MT of CO

Analysis Table showing the difference in embodied carbon of the 3 models compared to the control and the equivalent volume in cubic feet.

Palm Kernel Ash & Shell Concrete

Rice Husk Ash Concrete (RHA)

Glass Pozzolan

The pozzolanic properties can be used as a SCM in concrete production. It can also be a replacement for coarse aggregates to improve strength and durability.

Waste products from rice grain mills produces Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)content, which can be used as a SCM. It can also replace cement in concrete production.

Recycled glass grinded up can reduce cement used in concrete mixture. This recycled product has demonstrated an increase in the strength of cement.

Geopolymeric Cement Lime is replaced with Sodium Oxide (Na2O) in geopolymeric cement. Although Na2O is a energy intensive process, it requires less raw material, reducing energy production.

Atlas of the Sea is an ongoing project led by Elisa Kim that visualizes a new oceanic spatial order using cartography and 3D modeling. My role as research assistant included translating large datasets from the UN Oceans & Law of the Sea using Excel and projecting the oceanic terrotorial claims by state onto ArcGIS. I worked on the drawing that highlights all the oceanic claims in the world using the Spilhaus Projection and created measured, bathymetric models of those claims on Rhinoceros.

European Cultural Center: “Time-Space-Exisistence”, Venice Biennale, 2018, Elisa Kim.

A polygon of each claim is then traced using the plotted points and the border of the EEZ, these are screenshots of Australia’s claims as projected on ArcGIS.

Taking the longitude and latitude data points of each claim into ArcGIS, each territory is isolated using a function, “Selected By Attributes”, where it is plotted. All of the claim data and polygons plotted on to a world map on ArcGIS.

Yan Tung (Ashley) Ng | ashleyngg97@gmail.com | +1 6478079052

Shadows is a light installation inspired by the hierarchies of colour and density analyzed in a painting. Through model making and experimentation, the final product reflects a systematic way of aggregating the geometric unit that interacts with the light and casts intricate shadows, becoming an extension of the object itself. Materials 1. Final models, 0.04 " polystyrene sheet 2. Process models, 1/8" cardboard & wire

Nancy Manter, “Transmission”, 1997

Series of diagrams showing the assemblage of final model

Yan Tung (Ashley) Ng | ashleyngg97@gmail.com | +1 6478079052

08 | Other Work Charcoal | Ink | Still Life

Yan Tung (Ashley) Ng | ashleyngg97@gmail.com | +1 6478079052

“Natural markings” | 2016 | Personal Charcoal on paper 18” x 24”

A Sea of Yellow Umbrellas Umbrella Revolution | 2014-2015 | Academic | Cathy Watkins | Peddie School

The umbrella is a delicate yet complicated device that became a motif for these series of drawings, inspired by the political movement that emerged in the Hong Kong democracy protests in 2014. While the umbrella acts as a symbol of unification against the enemy, it also acts as a shield that hovers over the people. The diverse use of mediums in each piece evokes different stages of the protests, which intially began as peaceful protests and later became more emotional and aggressive.

“Peaceful Protesters” Gouache on watercolour paper 18” x 24”

“Together as One” Sumi ink on water colour paper 22.5” x 30”

“Illumination” Charcoal on stonehenge 18” x 24”

Yan Tung (Ashley) Ng | ashleyngg97@gmail.com | +1 6478079052

“A Revolution” Charcoal and collage on stonehenge 18" x 24"

Still Life II | 2014 | Personal Charcoal on stonehenge 24” x 36”

Yan Tung (Ashley) Ng | ashleyngg97@gmail.com | +1 6478079052

Still Life I | 2014 | Personal Pencil on stonehenge 24” x 36”

Yan Tung (Ashley) Ng | ashleyngg97@gmail.com | +1 6478079052

The End Thank you.