5 steps towards women-led urban development
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CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT CLT C
RE-APPROPRIATING THE POST-INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE THROUGH COMMUNITY-LED DEVELOPMENT Xu Yang MA Urban Design Spring 2016
PROJECT BACKGROUND PROJECT BRIEF This is the third design project this year which is set in the City Centre of Sheffield, and has been developed in collaboration with Sheffield-based social enterprise Studio Polpo and the Sheffield Community Land Trust (CLT). The aim of the project is to explore the potential of community-led approaches to the regeneration of the city’s central areas.
SITE BACKGROUND Area 5 is a place outside the city centre where suffered from both urban and suburban issues. With the fallen of industry, this area is experiencing the industrial transformation. Transient population flow into this area because of its low housing rant.
KEY WORDS COMMUNITY
REGENERATION Barrier between site and site
POST-INDUSTRIAL
SUBURB
INTERVENTION INTRODUCTION 5 steps towards women-led urban development This urban design project set up time structured strategies to establish a community land trust, which builds houses and public spaces in the borders of Burngreave, Wicker and Darnall, on both sides of the railway. It considers the community's women the starting point of the organisation, reinterpreting their roles in the public spaces
GROUP 5 INTERVENTION AREA
WOMEN-LED
BURNGREAVE
CITY CENTRE
METHODOLOGY At first week,We walk though the city centre followed a route from site 1 to 5. And we got diferent feeling about thess 5 areas.
WALKING
INTERVIEWING
We focused on the local residents traces and their activities.
COLLECTING TRACES
Sketch and analyze the site and come out with first ideas.
We divided our strategies into 5 steps to tell the story about how a community land trust establish and running by women
STORY TELLING
SKETCHING
CITY WALK
GUIDING TOUR
INTERACTIONS
ANALYSIS
DESIGN STRATEGY
INSTALLATION
MAPPING
NARRATIVE STORY
BILLBOARD
PHOTOGRAPHY
POSITION & PRECEDENTS Potentials & Advantages
Problems
1.
HIGHSPEED RAILWAY 2
2.
CONNECTION
3.
REGENERATION PROJECT
4.
MULTI-ELEMENTS
FLOOD
An important future plan will be implement which could influence our stratergies significantly. This place will be a transport junction to London that it can bring thousands of people from outside Sheffield.
This area is suffered from risk of flood. It should be considered when construct buildings beside river Don. (The riverside area in the is high possibility flood area.
HOLDBACK OF RAILWAY
Our intervention sites are located at the two side of railway bridge which we are going to connect and bring vitality from city centre to Burngreave area.
A big problem is that railway go across the site and it made Burngreave to be a suburban area. Moreover, because of the situation of railway this area seems to be few vitality. People would not stay in this area.
There is also some ongoing regeneration project in this area. That provides a possibility to involve more stakeholders to establish the CLT together. We can develop the CLT base on the preview experience of this area.
NOTIONS Regeneration
Connect point
.c
OLD BUILDINGS STRUCTRE
.d
The age of the vacant buildings are old and of low quality. It would spend more money on rebuilding the buildings.
Safety
.b
UNSAFE FEELING
People go across the site by several aperture of bridge so that is a big problem of safety. some guests in the site are not welcome by local people.
There are several living, working and entertainment elements in the site. And we also have 5-6 intervention site for multi-elements to be addressed.
.a
Flexible housing
Women-led
CONTEXT & ANALYSIS Precedents
Urban fabric
History fabric In 1850s, Spital Hil(former occupation road) had already been occupied, and there is a huge empty space on site.
1850
With the decline in Industry, this place was left with large area of empty space.
1890
1850s
In 1900s, houses were built on the empty space. New factories were established in the south of site. Vctoria station could be saw on map. © Landmark Information Group Ltd and Crown copyright 2016. FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
Empty Space
Large Volume Buildings
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In 1950s, wicker station(goods) and bridgehouses station(goods) could be saw on the map. Meanwhile, the industrial area coutined to develop.
© Landmark Information Group Ltd and Crown copyright 2016. FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
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In 1980s, on the one hand, the house forming was changed in the residential area. On the other hand, the factories was changed in the industrial area. The victoria station was disused. 1980s © Landmark Information Group Ltd and Crown copyright 2016. FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
Little Blocks
Terrace houses
In 1990s, the decay of the industrial area could be saw. Some big factories were disappeared. The voctorial station could not be saw on maps.
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© Landmark Information Group Ltd and Crown copyright 2016. FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
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© Landmark Information Group Ltd and Crown copyright 2016. FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.
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Intervention area analysis Name Conditions Previous use Description
Forum House Good Social centre and Parking Visible location, large empty area Bungreave regeneration project team
Owner Possible Uses
housing community spaces for educational centre children facilities
Ra ilw a t be he co y bre twe ak nn an en c ectio s dB i urn ty ce n gre ntre ave
Conditions Regular Previous use Car mechanic Description Beside the railway Owner Possible Uses
Conditions Good Previous use Church and small stores Description Located on the Wicker’s main street Owner Private Possible Uses
housing coffee and charity shop
spaces for skills learning training
Intervention Site art studios
community spaces for centre training
Conditions Regular Previous use Industry and parking Description Along the river, hangar structure and large unbuilt area Owner Private Possible Uses
housing
industrial spaces for skills cooperative training learning
Posible Vitality
Conditions Regular Previous use Industry Description Along the river, hangar structure Owner Private Possible Uses
art spaces for skills industrial learning cooperative studios training
Conditions Good Previous use Offices Description Underused, but the main facilities still work. Space for temporary activities Owner Possible Uses
Global real estate consultants
Potential synergies Place Communities Responsible for libraries, local governance, community safety and adult social services, including physical disability, learning disability and older people
Children,Young People &Families
Resources Responsible for corporate resources and organisational development SOAR is a community regeneration charity that provides a range of services designed to improve a person's health, well-being and employability. Their mission is to enable and support local people through partnership working, to improve the quality of life for North Sheffield residents. Burngreave TARA (Tenants’ & Residents’ Association) are a group of people who live in Burngreave Area & want to see improvments that will make the whole area more attractive & safer to all. Links https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/ http://www.soarcommunity.org.uk/ http://www.burngreavetara.org.uk/ http://www.kier.co.uk/ https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/business-economy/property-available/property. html http://www.bndfc.co.uk/ http://www.sheffieldfutures.org.uk/ http://www.burngreavemessenger.org/about-us/ http://www.nomadsheffield.co.uk/?custom_posts=technology https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/education/information-for-parentscarers/caresupport/childcare/childrens-centres/burngreave.html https://northeastsheffield.wordpress.com/?s=burngreave+TARA&submit=Sear ch http://search3.openobjects.com/kb5/sheffield/directory/service.page?id=tPetHdOHe8&adultchannel=5_9 http://www.ne-adultlearning.org.uk/burngreave-firvale/computers/ https://www.facebook.com/saveburngreavelibrary/posts/1485624988336858 http://www.burngreavemessenger.org/archives/april-2016-issue-119/forumhouse-sold/
Stakeholders & Activities Junction
Commercial Street
Park
Square
Outdoor spaces used mainly by men
Where can we go?
Children
Women?
Suitable public space?
Engaged activities?
Seeking houses?
Main stakeholder An idea that to form a community land trust by women and they can help to organize the daily activities and also offer opportunity to them to enjoy the outside world. Moreover, the children who take care by women are also our sub-stakeholders.
Sub-stakeholder
Women
Children
PRINCIPLES BY STEPS Introduction
Because of different availabilities of the lands during the time, how the different partnership react on the project in different process, we divide our proposals into 5 steps, which based on the gradual process and timeline of interventions to explain our design proposal. What if the neighbourhood’s living places were built and improved by a women-led community land trust?
Highlight the unused areas in/around big urban infrastructures. Produce food to be commercialised in local Markets, providing income for the CLT.
Bring people together
Publicise and organise the first meeting in existent institutions of the area. The meeting's topic will discuss the role of the women in the community, what can be improved in the area and the need of affordable housing (now and in the future) Engaged
Local sources communities
Establish CLT and raising funds
Using or not existent structures/buildings. Space for learning several skills (selling the products for raising funds)
1
2
Self-management Social organization involved
Highlight the unused areas in/around big urban infrastructures. Produce food to be commercialised in local Markets, providing income for the CLT.
Building temporary structure Local sources
Using or not existent structures/buildings. Space for learning several skills (selling the products for raising funds)
Sustainable design Easy expansion
Call the attention for the unsafeness issues in the area and discuss alternative beyond police surveillance.
4
Flexible housing
Building permanent structure
Complete Communities
5
3
Resilient operations
Upscaling the CLT
Build housing according to the defined needs of the community. Allows residents' decisions in the design process, but keep flexibility to future interventions and necessities of the residents. Allows expansions.
DESIGN STRATEGIES 1.2 Build a temporary playground
How to promote Burngreave area from women perspective?
BRING PEOPLE TOGETHER
STEP 1
1.1 Promote women's meetings from the community
STEP 2
ESTABLISHING CLT AND RAISING FUNDSING
2.1 Open the discussion about Join active member to CLT, precise housing the community's needs.
Training course
Training course
Burngreave TARA
Aims
Hold the regular meeting
£
Actions
To understand the needs of the community and including people interested to live/work in the area.
Mixed-use of space architects Young artists who are Potential interested in alternative workspaces active member
PART 1 where can get money for running the CLT
2.2 Looking after funding possibilities
SUPPORT STEP 3 & 4
BUILDING TEMPORARY STRUCTURES BUILDING PERMANENT STRUCTURES OTHER PROJECTS
Hands-on experience and making products
Driving lessons
PART 2 where can get money for running the CLT
$
£
To involve funders and partnerships and looking for any members of volunteers to donate or contribute their help.
Burgreave TARA
Actions
FUNDERS& PARTNERSHIPS
$
To support all the strategies for community-led development.
SAVTE
charity box Raise people's awareness of the needs of women in Burngreave area. make some balance to see the best and affordable options
graphs(define incomes in the future)
Writing application
Aims
BUILDING TEMPORARY STRUCTURE
STEP 3
There are some wastes in the green space of our site.
Will the Sheffield’s Station of High Speed 2 be built in the place of the former Victoria Station?
Railway This photo shows the railway bridge and there are some empty green areas along the railway.
1851 2034
1989
Station demolished to give place of Victoria Hotel’s extension
Unused land with industrial wastes
2020’s
HS2: Sheffield City Region’s phase due to start
1970
Potential for temporary uses!
Victoria Station was closed Railway
Victoria Station was opened, linking Manchester to Sheffield
Completion of HS2
2016
The station area is underused
STEP 3
BUILDING TEMPORARY STRUCTURE
3.1 Growing food at the railway bridge
Helping people to grow food and flowers at the railway bridge.
The food can be commercialised in temprary market
People can also create urban landscape by planting
Part of the income will be used for supporting the CLT.
Building temporary structure (like sheds) based on those abandoned or unused buildings to active the site. Engaging students, architects and local civil groups in the reappropriation of unused houses
Examples
3.2 Promote comunity activies
3.3 Artistic installations Using light installation to call the attention for the unsafeness issues in the area and discussing alternative beyond police surveillance. Imrpoving the relation between the community and the police, discussing the problems and sharing information and developing non-aggressive proposals.
This house used to be a church, and now it is an unused building. From the photo you can see there is a bus station in front of it.
The forum house is part of Black Community Forum (BCF). It was leased to AA hamilton College for 10 years from 2013. But now it looks like an unused building We plan to build some temporary sheds in the empty space before Forum House. They could be used for different activities of CLT and other civil organizations
BUILDING PERMANENT STRUCTURE 4.1 Self-building
Raising Funds The funds of the construction must come from a pool of different sources, such as: • Profit of the CLT’s social businesses • Rent of commercial spaces • Donations • Grants
4.2 Physically connect the area Pedestrian bridge to Darnall
Participatory design Allows residents’ decisions in the design process, but keep flexibility to future interventions and necessities of the residents.
Expantion Flexibility Sustainable design
STEP 4
STEP 4 & 5
BUILDING PERMANENT STRUCTURE & UPSCALING THE CLT
Expantion
Flexibility MIX TYPE Permanent housing can also use temporary structure inside which can swich from different type of housing.
Original
Ground floor expansion for Community use.
SHARED TYPE According to population mobility, the housing should change to large volume rooms.
Further expansion could build the house higher for living.
Sustainable design
FAMILIES TYPE Families need extra room for children which are larger than single type.
Flood prevention There are several measures that can mitigate the damage caused by floods in Burngreave area.
5.1 Publicise
SINGLE TYPE For young adults and couples. This room type is small and can change flexible.
5.2 Industrial cooperative
Publicise the initiative to residents of the area and external interested.
+
Develop a industry on the site to supply the housing construction and further social housing to Sheffield City Council (SCC)
C
e arp
y ntr
o
co
tive
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Cooperative SCC ￥
Chance to engage new people for the organisation and also contact new potential fund partners. Supply material
Low cost material for their own buildings
Training construction skills
URBAN INSTALLATION
Installation preparation
Installation site
WHERE ARE YOU GOING TO LIVE IN 20 YEARS ? HOW YOU CAN TRANSFORM THE PLACE YOU LIVE ? HOW CAN YOU BUILD YOUR COMMUNITY?
Billboard
Site 1-3 We planed to divide the first stage to 3 sites which people can see our billboard with intervention sites.
Analysis
Site 1 Timeline Strategies
A guided tour A tour will take place from 11:30 to 12:00 (tbc) to explain the project, with billboards around the Wicker Arches.
Collages Site 1 Interaction tools Tesco Final stage we combine all of the installation to
Pins
WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THIS AREA? Definitly not
How much do you use the public space?
No
I don't know
Yes
Handout
Definitly yes
WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THIS AREA? Too expensive Definitly not
How affordable How much do is theuse housing you the rent? space? public
Expensive No
Worth for price I don't know
Affordable Yes
Very affordable Definitly yes
WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THIS AREA? Less than once Too expensive Definitly a week not
Once a week Expensive No
Sometimes during the Worth for price I don't know week
Everyday Affordable Yes
More than once Very affordable Definitly per day yes
Less thannot once Definitly Too expensive a week
Once No a week Expensive
Sometimes during the I don't for know Worth price week
Everyday Yes Affordable
More thanyes once Definitly Very affordable per day
How affordable How much Do you feeldo is theuse housing you the safe here? rent? space? public
Do you want to How affordable Do you feel live/work in this is thehere? housing safe area rent? in the future?
Selective questions
Site 3
Less thannot once Definitly a week
Once No a week
Sometimes during the I don't know
Everyday Yes
week WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THIS AREA?
Do you want to Do you feel live/work in this safe here? Where are your area in the future?
favourite places here?
Do you want to live/work in this Where are your area in the future?
favourite places here?
Definitly not
No
More thanyes once Definitly per day
Where are places you feel the most unsafe here? I don't know
Yes
WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THIS AREA?
Definitly yes
Where are places you feel the most unsafe here?
WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THIS AREA? Where are your favourite places here?
Where are places you feel the most unsafe here?
Maps GIVE ANY COMMENTS ABOUT THIS AREA OR OUR PROJECT
Site map
GIVE ANY COMMENTS ABOUT THIS AREA OR OUR PROJECT
GIVE ANY COMMENTS ABOUT THIS AREA OR OUR PROJECT
Tesco
Common paper
Pamphlets
Installation day
The installation in bus station (Site 1)
Talking to passerby or the people waiting for bus
Prepare the installation beside bus station (Site 2)
Feedbacks Do you feel save here?
Women How affordable is the housing rent? Men
At first stage in bus station, some women thought that is not very safy around, while people we interviewed in tesco thought it is quite safe beside the tesco. Most of the people think the rent of the house in burngreave is affordable. Few people can not afford the housing rent here. Neither men nor women use the public space in this area very often. Even some of them didn’t know much about the open space in this area.
Do you want to live/work in this area?
More women prefer not to work and live in this area, while most men were interested in having a job or a house in this area.
Unsafe place
Men
Seeking comments from local people
How often do you use the public space?
Favourite place
Women
Having a conversation with people to let them understand deeply with our intervention
Women
The most welcome place for women is no doubt that is Tesco
Men
Men also like the tesco but some open space and riverside also are hot place for them
Women
Around the wicker arch and under the railway is the most unsafe place for women.
Men
Some quiet space such as park, behind the houses and also the junction of railway make men feel unsafe. From the comment feebacks, we heard people’s need here. Most of them complain about the house quality and argue for open space for teenager. There is even lack of benches for people to stay outside. Health care is also a problem in this area. Many people still said that the city council should do something for them.
CRITICAL REFLECTION Site exploration The first week we experience the whole 5 sites by nearly 2 hours. Along the route we walk from margin of city to the city center and from city center to suburb area again. It gave me a strong feeling that how city grows and from fall behind to developed urban. As I chose site 5 to be my research area in project 3, because site 5 is located at the junction of urban and suburb and suffered from the issues from both side which is a focus topic nowadays. We have investigated this area for several times. First time we divided our 6 people into 3 groups to experience the site and we go through really detail of the site and exchange the information after that. The impressive things we got are the structure of the population, the lack of public space and unsafe feelings. There are large amount of migrants in this area which are occupied the major part of population in this area. However, the quality of public space could not satisfy the need of local people. This time we focus on special group of people and observe their daily activities and search for the potential activities happened in Burngreave and Wicker area. The photography not only focus on the physical space but also target the people and activities we are looking for. This provide important evidence for our further design strategy and main stakeholders.
Community Land Trust Community Land Trust is quite new words for me before this semester. I once wondered that how can an organization run a place for public people efficient and satisfy the need of people. During the study between project 2 and Reflection on Architecture and Urban Design course, I found CLT is really suitable for Sheffield according to the rich experience of UK CLT. People no more wait for government or city council to tell them the result of design with their surrounding. They can have their idea to improve their living environment with the help of CLT. Moreover, the Community land trust can be formed by residents themselves. They ask for the permission from government to manage their land and seeking funds by themselves. Meanwhile, they can also ask architects and urban designers to provide technical support. The most meaningful thing is that CLT gather people together and let them start to understand what is a good community and what is a good city. People are engaged in the process of urban design instead of know nothing about the design project. CLT itself can discover some hidden problem which can not be seen by urban designers and government, and then they can solve the problem by pulling people together. I am really interested in the potential that whether the CLT could be implement in my country where the land is hard to transfer from government to social organization. If it came to realization, it would highly improve the efficiency of urban design process in my country.
Main stakeholder - women According to the preview research, we found that the biggest weak group of Burngreave is the women. Muslin women occupied the most part of women in this area and due to their region they could not spend to much time outside. And most of the women in this area have no jobs that their mainly job is to take care of their children. What worse, public space in Burngreave is mostly for men and we could hardly find women on the street. So we would like to start the Community Land Trust by the women local. One reason is that it provide them opportunities to communicate with others when there are several event, project and activities happened. The other reason is women can easily to gather people together without protection against.
Billboard The billboard is the main part of this project. We transfer our preview several weeks’ works on 3 A0 billboards. That was a big problem that if we put all of the information on the billboard would make it a bit crowd and hard to read. So we take the experience last semester of project 2 to make a line to link our 5 steps’ intervention. Moreover, we use 3 different colors to distinguish our analysis, partnership and strategies. And we realise the fact that we need to present to public who without professional knowledge about urban design. So we cut down some fantastic drawing, instead we make some visual collage to catch audiences’ eyes and guide them to read our billboard which I think is really successful.
Installation We prepare several interaction tools during the day we set up the installation. And we learned an important experience that a plan may not be able to keep up with changes. At stage 1, we present our billboard and installations in the bus station at different place. The bus stop wicker worked well, but it just the start of the installation so we lack of organised first. However, the billboard and three big questions attract certain people to come to us and join the conservation. But at site 2 and 3, we found there were few people going across the place we set up the billboard. So we change our plan quickly that we go outside to invite people instead of waiting beside the billboard. Comparing with site 1, these two sites is less successful. When it was afternoon, we change our place to big Tesco. We had got the permission before that we contact Rachel who is the community principal. She was very friendly and enthusiastic, so that we got support from the manager of Tesco. We have a nice place and prepared furniture to put our installation in Tesco. The presentation in Tesco is the most successful one during the day. People there were generally more curious with our stuffs. We got a large number of comments here. But people did not pick up the handouts, maybe next time we need to make one of us to take the duty of them.
5
steps towards women-led urban development