HAO YAN 2014 — 2018
PORTFOLIO
Master Student of Landscape Architecture in Wageningen University
TERPEN TOURISM TRIANGLE
Slow Land: Regional Landscape Architecture for Terpen Heritage
ENERGY WALK
Layered Use of Space for a Self-sufficient and Thermally Comfortable Holtenbroek
WESTPARK AMERSFOORT
Contrast Landscape: Linear park alongside former waste dump in Amersfoort suburbia
URBAN FURNITURE
Design Patent: Inspiration from Daily Life
01
SLOW LAND: Regional Landscape Architecture for Terpen Heritage
Time: 2018 Spring Individual work Tutors: Adriaan Geuze Types: Academic course project
Our potential tourists mainly come from Leeuwarden and Dokkum by high way. The triangle tourism zone starts from Hallum on west side and Foudgym on east. These 2 town as the entrance of 'TTT' is where tourist switch from fast transport to slow movement.
CONCEPT SALT MARSH
Starting from the bottom of triangle zone, after visiting historical heritage within the dyke(praparing session), tourists will eventually cross the sea dyke and step on the 'New Terp' which is located at the top.
PRODUCTIVE ARABLE FIELDS DAIRY FAEMING GRASSLADND
A greenbelt is designed at the interface between the most productive arable fields and dairy farming fields, so that it won't effect too much on agriculture and identity of this region. The greenbelt meants to get tourists out of fast transport system (highway) and slow them down. A slow lane system is hidden along the greenbelt, leading people to go from the bottom of triangle zone to the top, which is our 'new terp'.
CITIES & TOWNS Holwerd
GREEN BELT HIGH WAY SEA DYKE SLOW LANE SYSTEM
The greenbelt has green fingers into arable fields and towns, follow those greenway tourists have opportunity to explore terpen and old villages, then they can alway go a circle back to the greenbelt and keep moving on.
Blije
Within the triangle zone, 5 treatments will be done to terpen at different status of their life cycle. Ferwert
Dokkum
Marrum
Hallum
REALITY
The terp in Fer wer t will be maintained as it looks now
REBORN
Long slope of the highest terp 'Hegebeintum' will restored. Old terp look reappears to the world
MONUMENT
Many of them disappeared already, even lower than surranding. Previous shape will be formed by woodsand reserved for camping site
CONTRAST
Half restoration on previous terp location. people will be able to feel the contrast between existing and disappearing
IMAGINATION
Current terminal will be reconstructed into a new terp with flood event twice a day, revealing a fantasy of old terpen life
LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE & GREENBELT COMPONANTS
GREENBELT COMPONANTS
A SLOW LANE SYSTEM/GREENWAY (CYCLING & WALKING) IS HIDDEN IN THE GREEN BELT. WITHIN THIS GREEN BELT, SLOW LANE IS SURRANDING BY INTENSIVE WOOD + ORCHARDS AND PRODUCTIVE WOOD (TOWARDS CITIES & TOWNS) + NATURE MEADOW. THE GREEN BELT FUNCTIONS AS WIND BUFFER, MOVEMENT GUIDE AND SIGHT BLOCK
TOURIST DEMANDE
10,000 TOURISTS (1:5000)
10,000 tourists per day in the 'TTT' has been set as the target amount REQUIRED TOURISM FACILITIES Around 90% Dutch domestic tourists travel by cars, data from CBS 8990 people travel by cars, around 2248 cars Around 6 Ha parking lots are required
Accommodation: 7000 beds + 3000 camping beds Around140 hotels Or 42 hostels Or 140 Airbnbs, or combine
Around 750 RV or tents are required 11.25Ha to 13.5Ha of camping site
Around 250 restaurants
(1:600)
MASTERPLAN
WOOD
ORCHARD NATURE MEADOW TERPEN TREATMENT PARKING LOTS BUILDING CAMPING SITE WATERBODY HIGHWAY GREEN WAY/SLOW LANE BOULEVARD ROAD 100m 300m 500m
1000m
FACILITIES
PARKING LOTS HOTEL & HOSTEL AIR BNB RESTAURANT BUS STOP CAMPING SITE HOTAIR BALLOON ROUTE
TOURIST CENTER TERMINAL BIKE RENTING FERRY DOCK PANORAMA SEA DYKE
NATIONAL TERPEN MUSEUM
BUS ROUTE HIGHWAY
SLOW LANE SYSTEM
Most tourism facilities are located around Blije and the national terpen museum. 6 Ha parking lots (2248 cars) is generally divided into 3 places: Hallum, Foudgym and new terminal in Ferwert. 11 Ha of camping is coverd by 2 big camping sites, one is the wood with greenbelt and another in the openess close to Blije where a tower with panorama view is built, and some small scale camping sites. A new bus route should be developed between Hallum and Foudgym, through Holwerd and the new terminal. Because after people enjoy 24 hour on the new terp, they can just take the bus back to where they park their cars whereever it is in Hallum, Foudgym or the terminal, instead of cycling or walking the same way back.
SECTIONS 1
SECTION 0: STANDARD SLOW LANE /GREENWAY ALONG GREEN BELT (1：1000)
SECTION 5: BOULEVARD (1：1000) 5
ORCHARD
6 2
0
SITE DESIGN 4 3
Location of sections and site design 37m
6m
37m
46m
6m
46m
SECTION 2: BRIDGE (1：2000)
15m 150m
9m
15m
380m
80m
SECTION 6: CAMPING IN THE WOOD (1：2000)
CAMPING SITE
110m
61m
140m
55m
136m
2.5m
80m
4m
5m
SITE DESIGN A national terpen museum is required in this regional studio project, and a site of the area where the national terpen museum locates, with higher resolution in the scale 1: 1000 needs to be done. Five existing architectures from world well-known architects are provided for choosing according to certain landscape context. I developed 3 alternatives for 2 different museums (Louvre Lens Museum by SANAA and Naga Site Museum, Sudan by David Chipperfield), the 3rd alternative has been eventually choosed to do the detail site design.
SECTIONS
NEW TERP
PROGRAMS
PERSPECTIVES
CLIMATE-RESPONSIVE DESIGN
For the Netherlands, climate change will result in more heavy rains, droughts and an increase in temperature and solar radiation by 2050 (KNMI, 2014). These effects of climate change can radically impact Dutch cities, of which most of them already experience a substantial urbanheat island effect. Cities should not only try to adapt to these effects of climate change, but also try to mitigate climate change. Climate mitigation can be achieved by replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources in order to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. In order to adapt to and mitigate climate change, cities need to rethink their morphology. Their inter ventions are likely to depend on the type of neighborhood. In this project, we explored a climate-responsive design for a typical post-war Dutch neighborhood.
SITE
02 ENERGY WALK
LAYERED USE OF SPACE FOR A SELF-SUFFICIENT AND THERMALLY COMFORTABLE HOLTENBROEK 2017 winter :Time Hao YAN, Michiel Bakx, Myrthe Tiel, Kajsa Olsson :Team work Sven Stremke, Sanda Lenzholzer :Tutors Academic course project :Types
Holtenbroek IV, Zwolle, the Netherlands A post-war neighborhood, consists row houses, low rise apar tment buildings and high-rise apartment buildings. The neighborhood also contains public facilities like a nursery school, mosque and physiotherapists. This project has been and will be presented in below occasions: • Klimatecafe 2017 in Arnhem • Presentation to Holtenbroek residents, asked by the house corporation(high-rise building on the gombertstraat) • Climate campus Zwolle • Arcadis • L a n d e l i j ke n et wo r k k l i m a a t b e s te n d i g e stad(KBS) • The PLEA-conference in Hongkong
Energy
PROBLEMS
FORM FOLLOWS CLIMATE Design principles and Energy technologies
Holtenbroek IV’s current energy consumption is 13.2 million kWh. It is predicted that the electricity consumption will decrease with 1.25 percent by 2030. Besides we assumed that all cars will become electric and that the heat consumption will decrease with 25 percent, so future energy consum ption is 9.8 million kWh. The existing structures within Holtenbroek IV offers solar and wind energy potential, which can generate already up to 77 percent of the energy demand of the neighborhood. In order to become selfsufficient, the remaining 23% is needed to be harvested somehow.
Micro-climate comfort
The area has high number of elderly people who appear to be more vulnerable to heat stress and require sheltered public spaces, high number of low income households and increasing number of overweight people from 49% to 62% from 2017 until 2040.
Water retention
According to KNMI (2014) periods of drought are expected to become more frequent in the Netherlands in the future. On the other hand heavy rainfall is becoming more frequent, 2 aspects lead to the need of handling rainwater. Based on KNMI’s scenario, we calculate that 8454 m3 of water needs to be retained within the project area. B o t h t h e p ro b l e m s c a n b e tackled at the same time using the underutilized space. We ended up with several hot-spots, we ‘connected the dots’ with a pathway, together form the Energy Walk.
Problem area with Heat stress, caused by high amount of paved surface, result in limited evaporation and water run-off problem.
Overlay problem areas and underutilized space
Underutilized space consists of deadend streets, paved parking lots and grass between high-rise apartments.
Shapes to speed-up and collect wind
When the wind is pressed upwards, it speed up due to the compression of the wind layers. To gain the most profitable acceleration for wind energy, the slope has been shaped and has an angle between 6° and 16° (Mathew, 2006). 2 different sizes of wind turbines are applied, depending on the design of the hotspot.Aeolos-V 10kW are 5m wide and 6m tall and the small wind turbines, Aeolos-V 600W are 1.6m wide and 1.8m high.
Rainwater harvesting
With consideration of the future extreme rainfall problem, we shape our interventions along the Energy Walk to collect and steer the water into retention basins for storage and re-use.
At t he hot -sp ot s, im p o r ta nt functions are gathered within one space, to encourage meetings between residents of Holtenbroek IV (social layer). They are also locations for larger energy harvesting interventions (energy layer) and water retention areas (water layer). T h e p a t h wa y s c o n n e c t t h e hotspots. They provide a sheltered pathway with a c o m fo r ta b l e m i c ro c l i m a te . This way we hope to stimulate a movement throughout the n e i g h b o r h o o d t o i n c re a s e social interaction, which might contribute to the social cohesion
Connect the dots!
Shapes to gain solar energy
We shape the structures to catch the most sun in favor of optimal solar energy harvesting. In our Energy Walk we use bifacial semi-transparent PV panels that consists solar cells (50%) and glass (50%). These panels still allow some sunlight to reach the ground. Due to their bifacial character, they can also capture the solar energy that is reflected by the ground surface back onto the solar panel, which could increase the efficiency with 22% (Solar World).
Sheltered pathways
The pathways of the Energy Walk are designed to provide shelter from rain and direct solar radiation. By providing sheltered and thermally comfortable routes throughout the area, our design aims to encourage movement and activate the residents.
Kinetic paving
T h e p a t h wa y s o f t h e E n e rg y Wa l k a re equipped with kinetic paving. As people walk over the surface, the pressure caused by their weight is transformed into electricity that can be used for powering the street lights. One tile of 0.25 m2 pavement can generate 5 Watts of continuous power from footsteps (Pavegen 2 0 1 7 ) . E ve n t h o u g h i t d o e s n’t m a ke a significant contribution to the energy demand within the area, it encourages residents to generate clean energy.
Safe and green walk
To target the aging population, the pat hways of the Energy Wa lk are designed with elders’ needs in mind. This is translated to the design by creating sheltered resting places along a wide pathway with rounded corners.
MASTERPLAN
The larger hotspots are the Energy Sails, the Energy Playground and the Energy Cathedral. In addition, we create two smaller neighborhood hotspots within the row house area. The hotspots are connected by the neighborhood pathway and the Gomberstraat pathway. Both the Energy Playground and the Energy Cathedral have parking for electric cars and bikes and offer public transport facilities. Due to this, these two hotspots play the role of entrances to the Energy Walk. The Energy Playground will be the connection from Holtenbroek IV to the rest of to Zwolle on larger scale, promoting the use of bikes and public transport to and from the city centre.
ENERGY CONTRIBUTION N
Solar energy 56%
Wind energy 0.8%
Heat isolation 14.7%
PARKING 266
138
Street parking has been removed from the Northern part, allowing us to de-pave the current parking lots and streets, which reduces the heat stress and improves the water infiltration capacity. In turn, mainly collecting parking in two buildings: the Energy Playground and the Energy Cathedral. We calculate the future parking demand, based on current households and parking room for Zwolle and the future increase, parking places for the Northern part will be 404. Since we also add new buildings, we estimated that the number will be around 450.
ENERGY SAIL The Energy Walk starts from the Energy Sails, the new eyes-catching interventions, meanwhile an attractive public artwork in Holtenbroek IV. After the two Energy Sails are constructed, the former underutilized gaps between the three high-rise apartments will turn into a space that combines renewable energy harvesting, comfortable microclimate, and social space.
Elevated Solar Analysis
0m
Wind Analysis
6m
Wind at 15m level
12m
18m
The triangle shape of the sails perfectly avoids the shadow caused by the buildings and are therefore optimized to catch the highest amount of solar radiation. In order to avoid huge shadows, the sails are constructed of semi-transparent PV panels. Meanwhile, the valley shape of the sails helps to guide and speed-up the lower winds and then captured by wind turbines on top. In addition to solar, wind energy and rainwater harvesting, the sail also provide ‘social energy’ as we promised. A glass stair room underneath the sails surface, where people feel comfortable in winter months. Residents can enter this ‘bubble’ both from the ground by a stair and bridges that connect to the buildings on two sides.
24m
Triangle Heat wave day temperature: 25℃ Current SVF: 0.206 Current PET: 29.1℃ Temperature of extreme scenario: 27.3℃
PET of extreme scenario: 31.8℃ SVF after design intervention: 0.105 PET after design intervention: 31.5℃
Wind at 25m level
Solar energy Wind energy 4% 1.4%
Rainwater harvesting 20%
GREENSTREET Heat wave day temperature: 25℃ Current SVF: 0.535 Current PET: 34.3℃ Temperature of extreme scenario: 27.3℃
PET of extreme scenario: 37℃ SVF after design intervention: 0.263 PET after design intervention: 28.4℃
Current street canyon
After design
Rainwater harvesting 2%
We changed the infrastructure to erase dead ends and make energy pathway into a completely car-free and safe walk for the children and elderly of the neighborhood. We promote that the area should be car-free to encourage the social life on the streets, while houses are still accessible in case of emergencies from grass. Removing the parking and changing the street pattern, allowed us to install rain gardens, plant trees and extend some of the houses’ front yards. This way, the private gardens interact more with the public space and diversity is created to the current monotonous streets. The added greenery lowers the air temperature with 3% and creates more thermally comfortable spaces.
GOMBER STRAAT
Solar energy 6.3%
Rainwater harvesting 10%
The 3rd stop is the pathway along Gomberstraat. The new street is turned into a green, sheltered and energy generating path through the solar roofs with integrated green panels, new tree lines, rain gardens and vegetated walls. The trees and panels provide shelter from the direct solar radiation that currently is a problem. In terms of energy the roof structure as a whole, including the two new buildings, will harvest 6.3 percent of the total energy demand, while the rain gardens will collect 10 percent of the total rainwater that needs to be stored on site. Simultaneously, the additional greenery is assumed to lower the air temperature with 3°C study. In combination, these changes are expected to target the current heat problems on the street and create a more thermally comfortable path than today.
Heat wave day temperature: 25℃ Current SVF: 0.486 Current PET: 34.2℃ Temperature of extreme scenario: 27.3℃
PET of extreme scenario: 36.9℃ SVF after design intervention: 0.230 PET after design intervention: 28.3℃
ENERGY PLAYGROUND
The playground also facilitates a transport hub where public transport, electric cars, and bicycles are gathered in one place. However, the reason for the name is to highlight one of the most important features of the site: the themed playground, which is custom designed and integrated with the area's largest retent io n a rea . The p la y eq u ip ment illustrates how renewable energy is created to raise awareness about the importance of sustainable energy. A semi-transparent g lass roof is placed on top of these functions. In total this structure yield 2.4 percent of the neighborhoods total energy demand, while simultaneously protecting the site from the direct solar radiation that currently is a problem.
Solar energy Wind energy 2.2% 0.2%
Rainwater harvesting 20%
NEIGHBORHOOD HUB
Heat wave day temperature: 25℃ Current SVF: 0.554 Current PET: 34.4℃ Temperature of extreme scenario: 27.3℃
PET of extreme scenario: 37.1℃ SVF after design intervention: 0.226 PET after design intervention: 28.3℃
The fourth stop is made at one of the two neighborhood hotspots. At this place, a former paved parking square is transformed into a green square that consists of a waste collection point, rain gardens and a kids playground. The collected bio-waste is fermented at the hotspot and used to generate heat and electricity. Next to that, the waste collection point serves as a social meeting point that encourages the interaction of the inhabitants of Holtenbroek IV. Due to the conversion of pavement into greenery, the currently existing heat problem has decreased, where the PET has dropped from 37.1 to 28.3 °C. Moreover, part of this hotspot is sheltered with semi-transparent bifacial PV panels that protect people from direct solar radiation in summer afternoon, which is one of the most heat-stressed spot. Through these interventions the neighborhood hotspots are able to harvest 3.7 percent of the total energy demand.
Solar energy 3.1%
Waste energy 10%
Rainwater harvesting 7%
Knetic energy 1.4%(total)
03
CONTRAST LANDSCAPE
Linear park alongside former waste dump in Amersfoort suburbia Time: 2017 September & October Individual work Tutors: Matthew Skjonsberg, Daniel Jauslin, Adriaan Geuze Types: Academic course project
CONCEPT LANDSCAPE TRANSITION
PROGRAMS
The Westpark is located on the west side a newly built Canal city district (Vathorst and Kattenbroek) at the north of Amersfoort. An artificial hill that has been used as a commercial waste dump for decades is on the westside of our linear park. Adjacent to the hill, a utility corridor has been situated for the underground transport of natural gas, which is right underneath of our site. Westerpark is expecting to be a future suburb park for Amersfoort and an entrance to the countryside which fills in the disconnectivity that Amersfoort has been considered from its north open landscape. People in the canal city lives closely to water, children grow up aside of the canal. People who live there can even navigate by boat via the Laak to Eemmer. But people somehow ignored how precious the water is just because they see it everywhere. The concept here is to create contrast or even conflict landscape on a linear structure. According to an old said: If you want people to feel sweet, let they taste bitter first. Same reason, If we want people to feel water, let they feel dry first, if vast want people to feel vast, let they experience intensive before, contrast will help to enhance the landscape experience. By following this concept, dramatic contrast between desert and water body on two sides of linear park bring up the awareness of how precious the water is, and also showing various possibilities on typical sandy soil. Besides, contrast peovides motivation to keep moving on. A n ew b i c yc l e t u n n e l u n d e r t h e A 1 motorway as new green corridor into its countryside is also included in the design task.
PRACTICABILITY OF MAKE A DESERT Sandy soil is pretty adaptive and endurable. It is possible for us to implement or replicate the formation process of natural ‘Drift’ on sand ridge landscape. If the sand ridge is above the highest groundwater table on a sand plateau, and lack vegetation cover, it will eventual become a desert, just like the desert in the Hoge Veluwe.
To maintain the ‘drift’, we need to consider the wind effect. At this location the wind mainly comes from south-east, a barrier that consists of small hill and intensive wood is needed at south border to protect the sand dune we made, also as a sight block in the beginning.
The sandy soil that has been dug out from the north side water body will be use to pile up the sand ridges.
MASTERPLAN
SECTIONS E DC
Section A
Section B
Section C
Section D
Section E
B
Location of sections
A
PERSPECTIVES
A
Location of perspectives
A: 'Drift' One way to enhance the contrast between different landscapes is to put the same sculptures in landscape transition as the consistency within variation, which lead and encourage people to compare the differences between the landscape themselves.
PERSPECTIVES
B
Location of perspectives
B: Self-developing Forest At phase 1 of construction, in the middle of linear park, there will be reserved ‘empty’ with only path system as framework and grassland with some small scale forests. In the future, in order to create the link between surrounding inhabitants and place, also let inhabitants to gain shared memory within their own families, different types of tree will be provide for them to plant at the happiest moment of their life, for example, the birth of child, or marriage. Certain species of tree can only grow on certain soil moisture, we can determine the final stages of forest type by control the height of soil. The self-developing forest will be planted by inhabitants, but grow within the framework we design. Dry and nutrition rich soil The soil layer should be 80cm to 150cm higher than the nomal ground level Dry tree species
Ground level or a little bit higher than ground with loamy sandy soil Tree which is suitable for medium soil condition
Wet soil Which is 40cm to 80cm lower than the normal ground level Some part even into swamp Wet tree species
PERSPECTIVES C
D
Location of perspectives
C: Hill Slope
D: North Waterbody
MODELS
ORNAMENTATION OF THE BIKE TUNNAL Following the concept of contrast landscape, if you want people to feel bright, make they see dark before, if you want people to feel huge, make they feel narrow before. During daytime only nature light could enter our bike tunnel from the small gap on the top. Inside the ornamentation, it is a upside down of valley shape, narrower at higher elevation.
URBAN FURNITURE
URBAN FURNITURE
SKETCHES
HAO YAN Master Student of Landscape Architecture in Wageningen University E: hao.yan@wur.nl C: +31 6 19318445