Yanjie Song
130155492
Building upon Building
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Content
1.
Charrette: Place in Progress
primer
New Bank of england
pp3-12
pp13-54
pp. 55-120
integration of technology part2-
thinking through Making: Bamboo
reflection
pole pp. 121-130
pp. 131-138
ARC3013: Technology coursework pp. 139-164
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1.Charrette In charrette week, I was taking part in Place In Progress Studio. The main aim of this studio was to ask a studio group to think again about this process and how, through the innovation and creative animation of public space. This design then can be used to engage and attract people reuse public space.Whitley Bay was chosen as the terrain for this design, in the North East Coast. The whole group studio was divided into five small groups. After the site visit, my group picked up the old shelter, which is behind sea. The reason of this choice because the shelter has a good view, but it is too shabby and people seem like not to want to use it. According to these reasons, we decided to make a art work with a yellow waterproof cloth, and then attract local people or visitors reuse this shelter. During the whole design process, we got few ideas and did few test, and finally decided to use transparent plastic and yellow tap to make two human shapes and one dog shape ballon. The bigger one acts as a dad and small one presents a kind. The concept of this design is the dad brings his kind and dog play by the sea and take a rest on the chair in the shelter and enjoy sea view and sea wind. After they were inflated, we letted them sit in the chair in the shelter, and they did attract a lot of people came to sit with them.
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Week 1: Playing and researching Charrette: Place in Progress
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Site analysis: Whitley Bay
Site view
Site map
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Design concept & Sketch
Design concept
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Design sketch
Site Visit & Testing
Hanging
Testing
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Precedent & New design
Precedent
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New design sketch
Making & Placing
Making
Placing
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Refinement
Attracting people use this shelter
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Exhibition
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2.primer This year, I was taking part in Building upon Building Studio. In the first semester (Primer), there were four small design exercises throughout this semester, one for each week. These exercises were closely lined with each other, step by step, and finally built an exhibition for the studio Primer Exhibition. In the first week, I was asked to explore the potential of Paper Folding, and then create Origami figures, paper patterns or small volumes. In the second week, I was aseked to use triangle system to make a Paper Dome and then use the paper objects which I created in the first week to fill this dome. In the third week, I had to use this triangle system to design an abstract geodesic Dome pavilion of the Dulwich Gallery. The aim of this design is to explore the potential of relating new and existing geometries and structure, and also the spaces between the existing building and the proposed dome on it. In the fourth week, we proposed a proposal for the studio Primer Exhibition layout. Finally, the week before the primer, we made several geometry paper domes to decorate our space. In addition, at same time, the research of Sir John Soane's design and his Bank of England's design ran through the whole semester and displayed on the Primer Exhibition. The whole semester was aim to provide a basic sense of preservation and reconstruction, and some background information of Soane's Bank of England. All these exercises were used to prepare the graduate project: the New Bank of England.
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Week 1: paper folding
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Making process
This week, I used four colours of paper to fold a lot of triangles, which can insert with each other. After I made them, I started to insert them based on the paper colour, and finally made a abstract paper dome roof. Furthermore, the blue and grey refer to roof, orange refers to roof window, and yellow refers to sunlight entered the room through the roof window.
Left image: Paper folding dome 16.
Week 2: Paper dome
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Making process
This week, I used the basic triangle dome structure to made my paper dome, which is really strong. The precedent of this dome structure is come from the architect: Buckminster Fuller. Then, I used same method to make few triangle volumes, and finally hanged them on the dome.
Left image: Buckminster Fuller's dome structure 18.
Week 3: Dome pavilion of the Dulwich Gallery
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Design concept
In this week, I was asked to explore the design of new protecting geometric dome covering the Dulwich Picture Gallery. The gallery originally designed by Sir John Soane, in Dulwich, South London. The aim of this project is not only the relationship between the new dome and the existing gallery, but also the potential of the new spaces created between them. Based on some relevant background information, the biggest problem is the natural day lighting inside the gallery is too strong which make visitors uncomfortable to look at paintings and some damage of the paintings. In addition, Soane always likes to bring some nature elements into his design. Considering these two information, I designed a simple dome structure, which is act as a frame for growing plant. This dome with plant is nearly cover the whole roof area of the gallery and it attach ground by three points. The plants above the dome is not only can be used to adjust the natural light entering the room, but also bring some nature colour into the interior space through the roof windows. Moreover, the exterior space below the dome can be functioned as a public square, where people can chart with each other or held other small public activities.
The existing Dulwich Gallery
Left image: Dome pavilion proposal 20.
Brief history of the Dulwich Gallery
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Soane's Dulwich Gallery
Soane's design is comprising a series of interlinked rooms lit by natural light through overhead skylight, and it has been the primary influence on art gallery ever since. Same method also can used at Soane's Bank of England.
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Location: London, England
Type: Art Gallery
Architect: Sir John Soane
Date: 1811-1908
Construction System: Masonry
Climate: Temperate
Style: Electic Neo-Classical
Context: Suburban
Key design: Skylight
The existing Dulwich Gallery
In 1940, Soane's Gallery was damaged by boom, and then started repair and enxtension in 1945. The new work of the Gallery was totally follow Soane's design concept, specially, roof windows and skylight.
Internal exhibition area Soane's original facade
New roof window, based on Soane's concept of the roof window and skylight
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Site
Site map of the Dulwich Gallery
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Precedent: Buckminster Fuller's geodesic dome
Buckminster Fuller is one of the most remarkable example of architects designing Geodesic Domes, the basic structure of Fuller's Geodesic dome is mainly based on the basic triangular element. In my design, his Montreal Biology dome inspired me, which is consist of triangular element and plants. Architect: Buckminster Fuller
Montreal Biology dome, designed by Buckminster Fuller
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Design proposal development
Back view of the Dulwich Gallery proposal
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Site plan of the Dulwich Gallery proposal
Front view of the Dulwich Gallery proposal
Ground floor plan
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Section
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Front view
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Front view
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Back view
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Refinement
The section of the existing Dulwich Gallery with sunlight level.
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Concept diagram: Dome structure is used to support plants, and the plants is used to adjust the natural light entering the room.
Site plan 34.
Ground floor plan 35.
Section
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From view (Main entrance)
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Back view
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Technology: Construction reuse and recycle
Precedent: Arching bamboo events pavilion in Hong Kong showcases digital fabrication
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Detail diagram of the nodes Nodes(joints) The bamboo dome structure uses the same size bamboo poles as the basic structural member, and the unique nodes as the connect ponit that allowing for the various angles of the connection between each member. It makes the structure more reuseable and adaptable for subsequent change of use and remove. In addition, bamboo is a environmental material and easy to recycle and then make into the other products.
Precedent: Same size bamboo poles
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Reuse: My dome structure is consisted by the same size bamboo poles and nodes, which makes the structure more reuseable and adaptable for subsequent change of use. Regarding to design for deconstruction, the bamboo frame structure was designed to be easily demolished, reused and relocated. The whole dome design can be reused and relocated to shelter other outdoor opening spaces of the gallery, and thus provide larger spaces for further outdoor painting exhibitions.
Original location of the dome
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New location of the dome
Recycle: The main frame structure of the dome is made up of bamboo poles. Bamboo is a highly renewable and recyclable material, which can be made into various products. Considering the cost, transport, and material value, the bamboo poles of the dome will be recycled to make bamboo garden fences and street bench. These products can be made directly on the empty outdoor spaces of the gallery, and then the completed products can be placed directly in the garden of the gallery, like figure 29 and 30 shows below.
Precedent: Bamboo bench(Top), Garden fences(Below) Bamboo street bench in the Dulwich Gallery
Bamboo garden fences in the Dulwich Gallery
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Week 4 and 5: Primer
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Primer layout proposal
In this week, we were asked to design a Primer layout proposal for the studio primer exhibition. After we decided the proposal, then we made 8 different size paper domes, which were same like what we did in week 2. One circle dome was used to hang on the Bank of England history line, which was located at the front of the gallery. Below this paper dome, on the floor, we used white taps to create shadow of the dome. The other 7 paper domes were used to create a passway through the whole exhibition areas. Along the staircase, 11 individual Dulwich Gallery proposal were hanged on the wall. Among them, one large paper dome was covered by a translucent plastic cloth, which was used as our video playback screen. In addition, for the Soane's Bank of England study, we used 3D printer to print out 1:100 bank's enclosed walls and 1: 500 one on the site model. This enclosed wall is the most famous part of the Soane' s Bank design, it is still exist.
Architecture school: Satircase areas, in ground and first floor
Left image: Final Primer Exhibition 44.
First floor plan
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Section
Atmosphere collage of history line (Bank of England)
Atmosphere collage of paper dome piece
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Making
Paper dome
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3D print model of the Soane's Tivoli Corner
3D print model of the Soane's Bank of England
Soane's Bank of England model
Bank's enclosed wall (Main entrance)
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Hanging
Paper dome
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Circle paper dome and the history line of the Bank of England
Testing
Video play screen
Paper dome passway
White tap dome shadow
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Refinement: Primer exhibition
The view form the first floor
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The view form the ground floor
History diagram from stage 6 studio
Paper folding object form week 1
History line of the Bank of England
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1: 100 model of the Soane's Bank of England
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1: 500 model of the Soane's Bank of England
The view through paper dome
My Dulwich Gallery proposal A2 board
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3. The new bank of England The graduate project is based on the current Bank of England, exploring the critical thinking of preservation and restructuring. The bank is located in Threadneedle street, the old financial district of the London, UK. In 1734, the Bank of England moved into the current site, and then started the extension works of the bank from 1764 to 1942. During this long period, four architects were mainly involved. In this project, Soane's and Baker's Bank were mainly considered and studied. The decision of all the expansion works had been made mainly because the Bank's functional changes. My design concept is follow this rule, and therefore the concept of the New Bank of England project is to transform the current banking office building into a public financial study and private banking back-office building. In addition, according to the preliminary investigation of the current Bank, poor indoor natural day lighting, complicated circulation, and the old fashion office design are commonly exist in the Bank. Based on these, the design strategy of my graduate project is to solve the existing Bank's problem and make it fit into the new function. Soane's natural daylighting and spatial connection design strategies are mainly employed in this project, and also other relevant preservation project.
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Staging
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Brief history of the Bank of England
The Bank of England's first place of business in 1694 was Mercer's Hall, rented from the Mercer's Company. The reason for setting up the Bank is to defeat France in war. In December 1694, the Bank moved into the Groser's Hall and stayed for 40 years. The Hall was placed in an obvious location for the business public activities in the Bank of England. Finally the Pay Hall of the Bank became the physical connection of a larger network of combination of people within the modern capitalist world of money. In 1731, the Bank of England bought the current site, and Georgy Sampson designed the first classically styled headquarters for the Bank. In 1764, Robert Taylor was hired to expand the Bank because the current building was too small to accommodate the growing corporate advances. Sir Robert was the first person who introduced the roof light into the Bank. Form 17880 to 1833, Sir John Soane became the Bank's architect and started the new Bank's extention work. He was the first architect who expanded the bank into the current terrain size, and his Bank is the most famous one through the whole Bank's history. In 18th century, for security reason, the government decided to move these two functions into another place, and therefore Bank act as a banking back-office building rather than a Bank. Because of this huge functional changes, in 1921, Herbert Baker demolished all the bank building except Soane's windowless screen walls and then built a new banking office building, which is the current Bank of England. Through the whole Bank's history, the main reason of each Bank's building change or extention all based on the Bank's function changes.
Left image: Soane's Bank during demolition in 1925. Photography by Frank Yerbury 58.
History timeline
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Bank of England extention diagram
Extention diagram from 1694 to 1833
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Extention diagram from 1921 to 1942
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Bank of England function changes diagram
Before 18th century
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Since 18th century
Function changes of the Bank of England
Before 18th century
Public function
Public debt
Commitement & Priorities
Banking
Issue
World finance & British public
Since 18th century
Now (2017)
Private function
Public function
Private function
Public function
Private function
Back -office
Banking
Back -office
Financial study centre
Back -office
Banking
Museum
Bank's Library
Study area
Function changes diagram of the Bank of England
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Sir John Soane's Bank of England
Sir John Soane
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Front photo of Soane's Bank of England
Hertbert Baker's Bank of England
Sir Herbert Baker
Front photo of Baker's Bank of England
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Soane's and Baker's spatial connection strategy of the Bank of England
Soane's spatial connection strategy diagram
Internal space
Courtyard
Lobby
Corridor
Soane used courtyard, lobby and corridor as connectors to connect each internal and external spaces and create light and interesting turns and lighting effect. In addition, the courtyards are also used to bring natural daylighting into the Bank building.
Green courtyard
Baker's spatial connection strategy diagram
Internal space
Courtyard
Lobby
Corridor
Baker used same spatial connection design strategy, but the 'green courtyard' is not used to connect spaces, this make the internal corridor very long and dark. In addition, the courtyards are also used to bring natural daylighting into the Bank building. 67.
Yanjie SONG spatial connection strategy of the New Bank of England
Yanjie's spatial connection strategy diagram
Internal space
Courtyard
Lobby
Corridor
I bringed Soane's spatial connection strategy into Baker's design in order to make the internal circulation easier, and therefore people can easily recognize and remember it.
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Soane's and Baker's natural daylighting strategy of the Bank of England
Soane's natural daylighting strategy diagram In Soane's natural daylighting strategy, there are three strategies had been employed: From window, from courtyrad, and skylight. As diagram shows above, only few spaces cannot get sunlight.
Baker's natural daylighting strategy diagram In Baker's natural daylighting strategy, there are three strategies had been employed: From window, from courtyrad, and skylight. As diagram shows above, a lot of spaces cannot get sunlight. 69.
Yanjie's natural daylighting strategy of the Bank of England
Yanjie's natural daylighting strategy diagram I bringed Soane's daylighting strategy into Baker's Bank, specifically, add two more courtyard and few vertical openning in order to decrease dark areas of the Bank.
Light from external windows
Light from internal courtyard
Skylight
No natural daylighting
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Soane's natural daylighting strategy of the Bank of England
Light from external windows
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Light from internal courtyard
Skylight
Baker's natural daylighting strategy of the Bank of England
Light from external windows
Light from internal courtyard
Skylight
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Site of the existing Bank of England
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Site images
Front view of the existing Bank of England
Tivoli corner
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Site analysis of the existing Bank of England
Sun path and wind analysis
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Traffic analysis
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Initial proposal of the New Bank of England
The view form the Threadneedle street
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Material of the Bank proposal
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Ground floor plan 79.
Site plan 80.
1-1 Section
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Threadneedle street elevation
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Internal atmosphere sketch shows the vertical opening and spatial connection
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realisation
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According to the first review feedback, there are mainly two aspects of my initial project which I need to improve. Firstly, the design strategy diagram is not very clear, there is no clue how the new courtyards and vertical opening are created. Secondly, why I demolished some areas and old roof then add another two floors. Regarding to these, I made new diagram shows the design strategy, which is on the next pages. In this diagram, I firstly point out the dark area and existing courtyard of the current Bank of England, then combine with the Bank's primary structure (Steel frame construction), and finally follow the sturcture demolish some areas to create new courtyard and vertical openings. These new courtyard and vertical openings are not only used to bring more sunlight entre the building, and also used to connect both vertical and horizontal spaces. For the second aspect, I only removed the current Bank's roof because the space below is not very functionable and comfortable, and I also removed these two floors from the initial proposal. In addition, I also changed the new roof of the internal atrium, because it not very fit into the current Bank.
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Design strategy of the development work
As mentioned before, the concept of this project is to convert an existing bank into public finance study centre and banking back-office building. To achieve that, four key design strategies are employ in this project. Firstly, following the bank's steel frame structure, some areas will demolished to create more vertical opening and courtyard in order to ensure most indoor spaces can get enough day lighting. Secondly, the 'green' courtyard of the bank will turn into an internal atrium; the original windows, doors and walls will retained and new walkways will settled so that the space becomes a new circulation area. Then, in the new expand courtyard, the new glass curtain wall system will be installed. Finally, the existing interior partition walls will demolished and the new one will placed to rearrange the interior spaces.
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Ground floor plan
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1-1 Section
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Threadneedle street elevation
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Structure of the New Bank of England
Primary structure model: Steel frame
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Roof structure of the new internal atrium('Green courtyard)
Concrete foundation
Cladding system of the external facade
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Environmental strategies of the New Bank of England
Summer and winter sunlight and energy flow
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Natural ventilation
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Refinement
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According to the technology review feedback, there are mainly four aspects of my project which I need to improve. Firstly, the design strategy diagram is not very clear. Secondly, the proposal plan lack context. The third one is vertical connection not strong enough. Fourthly, from the street, it is very hard to distinguish my design concept. In regard to these, I made new both 2D and 3D diagrams show the design strategy, which is on the next few pages. These diagram shows the design process, which part of the Bank's problems are solved, and also with some relevant Precedent. Then, I drawed all ceilling details on my plan, and therefore the existing and new part of the Bank is easy to recognize. In term of vertical connection, I brought skylight design strategy from the Soane's Museum, it is can not only connect vertical spaces and also bring more sunlight enter the Bank. Finally, I studied the office building in Paris, designed by SFL group. In this office design strategy, the industrial hotel of Rue Menars was preserved as a heritage ruins, while the facade and partition wall of the other three historical buildings were demolished. The preservation parts of this project now is used as a public business centre, and new restructuring parts become a modern private office building. In addition, the main entrance of this project is located in the heritage building, which is located in the centre of the new office building. Even from the external facade, the new function of the building can be easily defined. Projecting this design strategy in my project, Soane's windowless screen walls, the exterior historical facade in the middle of the bank, the exterior historical facade around the 'green courtyard' of the bank, and Soane's Halls and High Offices on the ground floor will be preserved as heritage ruins; whereas, the top floor, the rest of the external facade, and internal partition walls will be restructured. Then the historical areas will be used as public financial study spaces, including library, museum, lecture hall, and bank. These areas will maintain to improve the social and historical values of the current Bank of England. The restructuring areas will be used as a private banking back-office, new glazing and stone cladding facade of this area allows more natural day lighting to enter the office areas, and open plan design of the internal office spaces will be more suitable for the current working pattern.These methods make the Bank's concept and function easy to distinguish from the street.
Prcedent: Office building in Paris, deisgned by SFL group
Final proposal atmosphere collage 96.
The concept diagram form the final review
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Improved concept diagram
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Final site plan
Final ground floor plan
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Final first floor plan (Second to Fourth floor plan almost same like the first floor plan)
Final roof floor plan 104.
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Final 1-1 Section
Final 2-2 Section
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Final proposal: Threadneedle street
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Final Threadneedle street elevation 108.
Final detail section shows the spatial connection and skylight 109.
Atmosphere collage shows the vertical openings and skylight ( -1.5F)
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Final model
Roof view
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Bird's eye view
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Street view
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Front view
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'Green courtyard' open to public and maintain the exiting facade
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Private courtyard, only open to the Bank staff
Roof window
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Final review
Final review board 117.
Final review: Structure model and final proposal model on site
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Yanjie Song
130155492
Building upon Building
Final ground floor plan: add site context First floor plan: use light yellow highlight the vertical opening Roof plan: use light yellow highlight the vertical opening 1-1section: correct roof window drawing and rood 2-2 section: correct roof window drawing and rood
Improved concept diagram: combine both 2D, 3D diagram Final site plan: site context Final detail section shows the spatial connection and skylight Atmosphere collage shows the vertical openings and skylight ( -1.5F)
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4. integration of technology part 2-reflection The 'Building upon Building' studio is based on a existing building and explores the critical thinking of preservation. Bank of England act as the existing building in this project, located in London, UK. The concept of the New Bank of England is to transfer the existing Bank into public fiance study centre and private banking office. Based on this, in the Part 1 (forward looking) technology report, I did few researchs of the current bank structure and decided to reuse some existing structures. During that period I am not totally sure which part I will keep, but this report did give some guide of my future structure choice and design strategy. The technology report enrich my subsequent design thinking in many aspects. Firstly, the diagram of the current Bank's steel frame grid guide my design strategy and concept. It helps me to demolish and create new courtyard and vertical openings in the reasonable ways and helps me keep the most existing structures, and therefore it will save money and time if this project will build. The environment strategy and services requirement helps me to define my new roof of the internal atrium (' Green courtyard). Specifically, the rain need to collect and the natural ventilation need to provide, and finally, it is designed to be a pitched roof and the roof is a lot bit higher than the surrounding roof which allow the air flow. For my graduate project, technology is very important, it is not only help and guide my design concept and strategy, but also provide evidence of my demolish and reconstruction work. The structure of the existing Bank of England assist my proposal development through the whole term, start form the beginning and until end.
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Building structure
Primary structure model: Steel frame
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Primary structure model: Steel frame
Typical steel columns and beams system
3D diagram shows the concrete foundation and steel frame construction of the New Bank of England proposal
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Building construction & materiality
Detail section shows the New Bank of England construction and materiality 125.
3D construction and materiality diagram 126.
Building environment strategies & services
Summer and winter sunligjt
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Cross ventilation
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Studio specific technology
The current Bank of England structure photo
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The diagram above shows the steel frame structure grid of the New Bank of England project. The black grid is the existing structure, the red grid is new steel columns and beams. Generally, in this design, I kept most existing structure.
Precedent
The 'Building upon Building' studio is based on a existing building and explores the critical thinking of preservation. Bank of England act as the existing building in this project, located in London, UK. The history of the bank is the starting point in the design process and will help understand the bank that references the scale, form, function, materiality and problem of it. Then, these researches help me to identify where the historical bank is preserved but changed. Conversion of an existing bank into historical bank and modern office building is the aim of my design project. To achieve this the bank's 'green' courtyard was turned into an internal atrium; the original windows, doors and walkways were retained so that the space of the bank become a historical ruins . Based on structural and internal environment analysis, some uncomfortable area and external facade will be removed in order to improve the office work environment. According to these, in my design, I would like to keep most existing steel columns and beams, and the external facade of the 'green' courtyard and the main entrance. In addition, I will add a pitched steel frame roof above the 'green' courtyard and use stone cladding and double glazing wall system instead the rest of the external walls. The choice of this particular technology solutions has been made because it can not only save budget and time by retain most structural element, but also can bring more natural day lighting into the building by use new external wall systems. Beside, the pitched roof is used to create more internal public activity area and protect the historical walls.
Precedent: Internal atrium & roof structure (TNT Centre, Netherlands)
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5. thinking through making This is a week experience project, I was taking part in Bamboo Pole group. The main aim of this studio was to ask a studio group to use two types of bamboo poles to make a shelf and use traditional insert way to connect with each other, finally reinforce withwire.
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Brief & Making process
Brief
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Making process sketch
Making
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Traditional insert method
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Bounding
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Shelter
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