Su yanyu 668929 parta by Yanyu Su 668929

Air Studio 2016

ABPL 30048 Architecture Design Studio Air

Contents of PART A Content.

Pages

Introduction

4-5

A.1 Architecture of the future Case 1 Marina One Case 2 The edge

6-14

A.2 Computation in Architecture Case 1 C_Wall Case 2 Hangzhou Stadium

15-19

A.3 Parametric Modeling Case 1 Vaulted Willow case 2 Underwood Pavilion

20-23

A.4 Conclusion

A.5 Learning outcomes

A.6 Appendix Algorithmic Sketches

26-27

Reference

28-31

Air Studio, 2016 Yanyu Su 668929 Tutor: Manuel

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Previous Work

F1 Pretending to be sitting on a chair

My name is Yanyu Su. This is my last year of Bachelor of Environments, architecture major. I used to study Environmental Engineering in China, which is quite different from architecture. I have finished subjects involved chemistry, physics, mathematics, biology, materialogy, programming and other disciplines. Even though I gradually forget some theories I have learned and formula I have tried to memorize. I still can understand the theory and mechanism behind some architectural practices easily. The experience of engineering study cultivated my rational and critical thinking. I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t recognize my interest in architecture before I started to prepare for a presentation of Environmental Materialogy. I did some research regarding building materials. A report said more than 40% of solid waste is from building materials. As a environmental students, what I learned most time is how to deal with waste already produced. I couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t help thinking, people should not be so passive towards those problems. If the designers of those buildings have considered the issues causing by the construction, then the subsequent treatment will be much easier.

This is the first design since I learned architecture which is the only work I kept after finishing studio. Also the only work designed without computer. It is a facility for people to exercise and relax outside. I like it so much not only because the spatial organization of the design, but also the hand made effort in it.

F2 Physical model of a leisure area

Additionally, I also become very interested in ecological architecture when I was doing research for the subject Environmental Ecology. As a engineering students, some ideas of those unbuild ecological buildings are a bit naive and some are crazy. The theories behind them are not as profound and logical as theories in engineering. Designers tried to integrate architecture with solar energy, vegetation and other solutions. But without the support of data analysis and scientific experiments of the whole system, those gorgeous designs are so pale and not persuasive. Then, I decide to do something new and make things different. I started to learning architecture. However, things are not so smooth. I need to spend most of my time to strengthen my skill of design thinking and get proficiency in various software. I learned some most useful ones, such as Photoshop, Indesign, AutoCAD and Rhino, but not very skilled with them. I gradually understand the hardship of architects. They need to realize their concept in their design, fulfill the need of their customer and follow the standard requirements of constructions. Therefore, considering much regarding sustainable and ecological design is really hard for them to achieve. What I can do now is developing my technical ability of architecture continuously without laying aside my studying and thinking for a better solution towards the problems which seems to be abstruse for me.

The material I used for the model is little sticks. Some details and texture of which is not realizable with computerization method. Also the model is very rigid and storable. F3 Detail of stairs

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As a design practice, architecture is both practical design and conceptual design from my point of view. This characteristic complicates and enriches the design of architecture, and make it different from functional design and pure art. Discourses and cultures from various discipline are necessary to the accomplishment of a good architectural design. Therefore, a revolutionary building project can be both proposer and executant of discourses. Furthermore, practical cases as executants of newest techniques and trends can show people how those futuristic technologies and conceptions are going to be realized, and how they will integrate with our life in the future. Additionally, conceptional cases with revolutionary notions play the role of proposer, which always reform the people’s recognition of buildings. For example, what a gallery, apartment or office building should be, in people’s mind. It can be a ordinary one most people are working in, or the one with interesting spatial structure as the Ecosciences Precinct in Brisbane.2 Those cases sometimes tell people what a building can have or be in its construction.

F4 Overview of the fiture underwater city

The “oceanscrapers” with ecological and sustainable system is a futuristic design of floating cities by Paris-based architect Vincent Callebaut.1

Al l t h e se t y pe s of ar ch i t e ct u r al projections are discourses for studies of plenty of culture and techniques and from studies of them. They extend the scale of future speculative and point out the future trend. Two preceding cases will be introduced and analyzed concerning how they present as innovative proposer and executant to promote the wave of the future in vast fields.

A.1. Architecture of the future F5 The lounge are of the office building

F.4 Jacqueline Howard, Overview of the underwater city, 2016 <http://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/entry/underwater-cities-carbon-footprint_us_56840bd4e4b0b958f65af659> [accessed 4 August 2016].

F.5 v2com, Kitchen In The Lounge Area, 2016 <http://www.archdaily.com/125407/ecosciences-precinct-hassell> [accessed 4 August 2016].

1. Jacqueline Howard, "How One Architect Imagines The Future Of Sustainable Cities", Huffington Post Australia, 2016 <http://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/entry/underwater-cities-carbon-footprint_ us_56840bd4e4b0b958f65af659> [accessed 4 August 2016].

2,3. "Ecosciences Precinct / Hassell", ArchDaily, 2011 <http://www.archdaily.com/125407/ecosciences-precinct-hassell> [accessed 4 August 2016].

'This co-location of scientific agencies ‘without walls’ is a major innovation, shedding spatial and operational barriers to optimize collaboration, knowledge exchange and sharing.'3

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The project of Marina One is designed under the corporation of Ingenhoven Architects and the Landscape Architects, Kathryn Gustafson. We can see how it acts like a proposer to show us how building structure can integrate with building structure with the landscape completely. The project is said to become a vital part of the development of Singapore’s landscape architect. 4 Marina One is located in Singapore and still under construction. The building is used for residence and recreation centre. The construction is expected to be completed in 2017. Even though we can only see the renderings of the this project, the innovation and conceptions of the design are clear to grasp. In this project, its designers innovatively integrate the landscape into the building construction in a perfect and remarkably way. The building consists of four towers and a green valley. In the center, also the bottom of the valley is a pool. Waterfall from the upper layers will continuously providing water for the pool. There are ramps in deferent height connected lower floors together. Vegetations are setting surrounding the pool layers by layers. 5

F6 Bird view of the Marina One

Marina One — the proposer

F.6,7. Renderings of bird view & inter view of the Marina One Gustafson, ‘Gustafson Porter Shake Things up With Visually Breathtaking Development of Marina One’, (2015), <http://landarchs.com/ gustafson-porter-shake-things-visually-breathtaking-development-marina-one/> 4. "Marina One Singapore By M+S", Marinaonesingapore.net, 2016 <http://www.marinaonesingapore.net> [accessed 11 August 2016]. 5. Chris Weller, "Singapore Is Building An Entire Forest In A High-Rise Apartment Atrium", Tech Insider, 2016 <http://www.techinsider.io/singapores-cloud-forest-revolutionizes-green-spaces-2015-11> [accessed 11 August 2016].

As the picture shows, the green of the building seems exploring from the core, vertically and horizontally. There are gardens on every floor include the rooftop of the building. The edges of each floor shrink a bit, so users can see all the gardens of lower floor.

F7 Central area of the building

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The project is rational also for its organism and modernism by combined block building with central garden as a response to the site. The central area will be a open, cool and shady place for users of the building, in the cooperative action of building form, waterfall and vegetation. This will be workable even in such hot and humid climate of Singapore. This design not just brings overshadows, clean air and comfortable microclimate to its inhabitants, but also the special spatial experience. The valley structure is realized by the hugging of tall buildings around it and expanding layers. Since the valley form is creating a special view, which can fill the whole vision of people with green plants. 6 Different from other design which integrated plants, landscape and building construction, the Vertical Forest, for example, the idea of Marina One is keeping the green hugged by the building body like a private garden just for people inside the building complex. This type of design is first seen in smaller scale constructions. Some residences use its patio as small gardens. It is revolution to place such a large scale garden horizontally and vertically within a building structure. We cannot judge if it is better to keep vegetation outside or inside. Meanwhile, this kind of special consideration will provoke the ponder of all designers who interested in introducing green, environmental notion into their design. Should we make the design look environmental from the view of more people outside the building to express the green language, or should we just keep the green for users? The method not exposed vegetations is really more efficient and workable. For instance, plants on the building need to be taken care of, which is not just water them. Let the plants surrounded the building really distribute the manage and maintain work. Things are easier to going out of control and labour consuming to do that. While, the work of providing overshadow of those plants is worth noting. So both these cases are valuable for us to find answers from their long time operation. They both points out the new directions of integrating landscape with architecture. We can look at those precedents to get inspiration and balance for our design plans.

The form of the building looks like a valley dug in a big tower. The hollow lets much natural light into the building like hakka earth building in China. ‘Curving balconies will resemble traditional Asian rice terraces, which are often referred to as the "eighth wonder of the world.” ’as Chris Weller said. F8 The overall plan of the project

F.8 Building plan, Gustafson,’Gustafson Porter Shake Things up With Visually Breathtaking Development of Marina One’, (2015), <http://www.ingenhovenarchitects.com/projects/more-projects/ marina-one-singapore/?img=3> 6. Alexandra Wilmet, "Gustafson Porter Shake Things Up With Visually Breathtaking Development Of Marina One · Landscape Architects Network", Landscape Architects Network, 2015 <http:// landarchs.com/gustafson-porter-shake-things-visually-breathtaking-development-marina-one/> [accessed 11 August 2016].

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The Edge building is said to be the most sustainable and the smartest building. The Edge is located in Amsterdam of Netherlands. The innovation of the building is, even though it comes with nothing new or strange to us. It is really fresh to use all of those technologies in one building. All the technical innovations are under the hardworking of the architect and quite a few corporations to integrate them with the structure frame of the building. The building is significantly efficient for energy using. Firstly, its shape is like a cuboid which is cut twice to create slope facade and roof. With large area of windows on its north side, natural light can fill 60% of the building during daytime. Opens on the fourth side is shaded by photovoltaic cells. Also huge solar array on the roof. All these sound not enough to be the most energy efficient commercial building. Sensors set in the lights are able to capture anonymous data about carbon dioxide levels, temperature and humidity. In this way, conditioning or ventilation will operate when it is necessary. Mesh panels between each floor let stale office air spill into open space, where it rises and is exhaled through the roof, creating a loop of natural ventilation. Slight heat variations and air currents make it feel like the outdoors. Even on a stormy day, the building remains opalescent natural light.7

The Edge - The executants

F9 THe night view of the Edge

In large scale, they use Philips’ Ethernet-powered connected LED lighting, which enables users to control the lighting and climate at their desk area by smart phone. 8

The intelligence of building makes it work as a housekeeper. The building knows the timetable of everyone working in the building. It knows what environmental situation they like and need; what meals they want to eat in the cafe of the building; whether they will spend time doing sport in the building, also what job they are going to do; who they are going to meet in the building. All of those are stored in the data base of the building, and communicated between the building and smart phones of the users. The building will allocate a place for its users based on the work users are going to do, the light they need and circulation most convenient for them. Then the controller of the building will adjust the light, air conditioning, ventilation and other conditions of the space to the perfect and sufficient level for users and specific locations. All these techniques satisfies the need of everyone in the building and saving energy to the largest extent. Also some fresh stuff like trickle-down toilet water, RoboCop, Human Power Electricity Generation, ecological corridor and so on. 9

The design work of this building is completed under the cooperation of architects and experts from different fields. The facilities to accommodate various of applications are considered during the design process. Therefore the project is much more successful than other common sustainable buildings. It realizes the dream of many futurists and tells people how futuristic intelligence can make people’s work or life convenient. In the sense of the designer, the building is not just a block. It is a communicable complex. That is the new conception this building is trying to show us. The Edge combines numerous smart technologies in tandem to create an adaptable and intelligent working environment. By getting highest ranking ever recorded of 98.36 percent and a rating of ‘Outstanding’, the building tells us how environmental a building can be.

F10 Some of the lights applied in the hall

7. "The World's Smartest Office Building Knows How You Like Your Coffee", Bloomberg.com, 2016 <http://www.bloomberg.com/features/2015-the-edge-the-worlds-greenest-building/> [accessed 11 August 2016].

F9, F10 North face of the building & working place at the north side of the building, Lidija Grozdanic, Photography,‘Record-breaking Amsterdam office scores world’s highest BREEAM rating’, (2014), <http://inhabitat.com/deloitte-amsterdam-hq-achieves-breeams-highest-ever-rating-of-9836/>

8. "BREEAM : The Edge, Amsterdam", Breeam.com, 2016 <http://www.breeam.com/index.jsp?id=804> [accessed 11 August 2016] 9 . Jane Wakefield, "Tomorrow's Buildings: Is World's Greenest Office Smart? - BBC News", BBC News, 2016 <http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35746647> [accessed 11 August 2016].

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A. 2. Computati o n in Architecture The introduction of computer revolutionary affect the work of architectural since decades ago. Computers become good helpers of de si g n e r for t h e i r con v e n i e n t er r o r - f r ee storage, retrieval, transmission and recondition features. Drawings and models of architecture can be drew, modified and developed with computers. There are two terms regarding the uses of computers in architectural designing: computerization and computation. Architects are using computers and software drawing, designing, calculating and analyzing, even let the software do designing by typing in specific scripts and orders of logics. The latter is mostly regarded as computation. In that way, works generated from computation are designed following logical methodology and geometry regularities. Additionally, computation starts from computerization and needs computerization to deal with its results. Most work of architects is computerization, which is also the basic of computation. Due to the virtues of computation, two main significant influences of it can be summed as simplifying fabrication and assembly of architecture and providing more possibilities for designing.

F.11 The large hall, Lidija Grozdanic, Photography, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Record-breaking Amsterdam office scores worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s highest BREEAM ratingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, (2014), <http://inhabitat.com/deloitte-amsterdam-hq-achievesbreeams-highest-ever-rating-of-9836/>

F11 The central hall of the building

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Studio Air Initially, computation is beneficial to integrate with great deal of information and logic in the design as response to the project, the site or aesthetic needs. In this way, computational design give us the ability to make variation based on mass of data in a larger organizing hierarchy. The developments of some computational studios show the interdisciplinary trend of designing.

The designing of Hangzhou Tennis Center is also worth discussing. It is one of the large project using parametric design processes designed by NBBJ and CCDI. The parametric design is trying to figure out the best plan for its innovative skin and reduce steel consumption for the structure. The mechanism and fundamental geometry of the model was first decided. Then they test the design with factors involved structure, construction, aesthetics and environment. With the help of computation, 67% of the steel consumption is saved. Figure shows alternatives they got for the envelope design. Through analyzing the load bearing, shading and other features of the envelope with different numbers of petal, designers choose the plan with 28 segments of transparent polycarbonate sheets. 11

F13 The outside of the stadium

F14 The composition of the envolope F12 The C_Wall

Matsys Design is one of this kind of studios. As themselves said, the studio is committed to exploring ‘the emergent relationships between architecture, engineering, biology, and computation.’ Take one of their latest work, C_Wall , for example, the start point of which is cellular aggregate structure with honeycomb and voronoi geometry. The designer is interested in study its structural, thermal, and visual performances. Just as as Matsys explain: ‘Within our research [the voronoi algorithm] is used as a tool to facilitate the translation and materialization of data from particle-simulations and other point-based data.’ Through the study of voronoi algorithm, its use for building wall structure, facade or lightweight partition and other field is exploded. Finally, the aesthetic, mechanically structural and materialization value and possibilities of the design are revealed.10 F.12 The zigzag plan of the wall creates an increased structural stiffness, Banvard Gallery, Photography, ‘Banvard Galleryk’, (2009), <http://matsysdesign.com/2009/06/19/c_wall/> 2,3. "Ecosciences Precinct / Hassell", ArchDaily, 2011 <http://www.archdaily.com/125407/ecosciences-precinct-hassell> [accessed 4 August 2016]. 10. Aiysha Alsane, "C_Wall | Matsys Design – Arch2o.Com", Arch2o.com, 2016 <http://www.arch2o.com/c_wall-matsys-design/> [accessed 11 August 2016].

F15 The alternitive plan

Widely exploration may sounds lack of professional for science, but for design exploration, this means new opportunities. The response and communication between constraints is providing rigor results. Complicate the results of designing but simplify the process of creation. Designer can work as scientist, they can do more experiments and analysis efficiently. Then more marvelous works will be constantly generated. F13 Lidija Grozdanic, Photography, ‘NBBJ and CCDI Break Ground on Hangzhou Sports Park’, (2010), <http://www.archdaily.com/56594/nbbj-and-ccdi-break-ground-on-hangzhou-sports-park> F.14 The generation of the model, Lidija Grozdanic, ‘NBBJ and CCDI Break Ground on Hangzhou Sports Park’, (2010), <http://www.archdaily.com/56594/nbbj-and-ccdi-break-ground-onhangzhou-sports-park> F15 The generation of the model and Grasshopper Script, Lidija Grozdanic, Photography, ‘NBBJ and CCDI Break Ground on Hangzhou Sports Park’, (2010), <http://www.archdaily.com/56594/ nbbj-and-ccdi-break-ground-on-hangzhou-sports-park> 11. Sara Ben Lashihar, "Case Study : Computational Design Of Hangzhou Tennis Center – Arch2o.Com", Arch2o.com, 2016 <http://www.arch2o.com/case-study-computational-design-hangzhoutennis-center/> [accessed 11 August 2016].

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F16 The dynamic shadow of the void wall F18 The unrolling of the patel The C_Wall is dynamic in the sense that the shadows transform depending on the angle of light and vantage point.

F17 The flatten process for fabrication

Take the C_Wall as example, the dynamic voids and structure of can be drawn easily with voronoi algorithm in a logical way. But the work will be much tiring and not workable for large scale design with other drafting software. Designers can spare some time to try diffident alternatives for a design with the algorithm. Then they can analyze and them and decide the most suitable more. 12

Moreover,designers can produce complex form cannot do just by hand or computerization. Complicated structures, which means great repeat work and difficulties of computerization can be created by algorithm in parameter design. This method gives the chance for designers to explore new forms and conceptions with computer.

In another aspect, the frication and assembly process is much simplified. The fabrication and assembly process is much simplified. Smaller scale design like the C_Wall is easily fabricated by CNC cut. Cells of it are voided into frames and panelization with flat surfaces. Then those cell frames can be easier unfolded into flat patterns to send to CNC cut. Pieces can be joined together.13 CNC is also available for large constructions. For instance, in the cladding fabrication of Hangzhou Tennis Center, designers use Rhino and Grasshopper to get the flatten plate of double curved surface of cladding through unrolling ruled surfaces. The those flatten plated can be manufactured by CNC machine. Finally, the construction is largely simplified and accelerated.14

In conclusion, computational design is change, challenge also opportunity for architecture. Some complex, even bio-look structure can be fabricated much easier than our thought. Complex and gorgeous structure is not just drawings or artworks of artists and crafter, we all can do that. By typing in logic script in parametrical software, patters or geometry follow exact logic will be drawn by computer. As the quick improving of computation nowadays. To become a skilled computation designer needs not only creativity, but also great understanding of geometries, parameters and computation softwares.

F.16 C_Wall with shadows on floor Banvard Gallery, Photography, ‘Banvard Galleryk’, (2009), <http://matsysdesign.com/2009/06/19/c_wall/>

F18 Lidija Grozdanic, Photography, ‘NBBJ and CCDI Break Ground on Hangzhou Sports Park’, (2010), <http://www.archdaily.com/56594/nbbj-and-ccdi-break-ground-on-hangzhou-sports-park>

F.17 Matsys, Photography, ‘Banvard Galleryk’, (2009), <http://matsysdesign.com/2009/06/19/c_wall/>

13 "C_Wall MATSYS", Matsysdesign.com, 2016 <http://matsysdesign.com/2009/06/19/c_wall/> [accessed 11 August 2016].

12. "C_Wall MATSYS", Matsysdesign.com, 2016 <http://matsysdesign.com/2009/06/19/c_wall/> [accessed 11 August 2016

14 Miller, Nathan. “The Hangzhou Tennis Center: A Case Study in Integrated Parametric Design.” ACADIA Regional Conference 2011: Parametricism SPC, Lincoln, Nebraska, (2011).

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A.3. Parametric Modeling -From composition to generation Parametric modeling change the process of designing significantly. By integrate computational design environment and physical environment, more responsive inspiration is generated during designing. The brief and site analysis stages partly interweaved with modeling. Design become more experiential and flexible. Using algorithm to replace drawing turns common design to applying parameters and code in designing. The results of these are not only projects but also a program with specific logic and mathematics parametric. As the development of computational, the a new trend of design reveals - The generational design. Different from design with composition, design results of generation have a certain unpredictability. Even though the logic and direction is set at the start of the design. Designers are not quite sure what outcome they will get eventually. With the help of computation, some works with very complex geometry and mass data are generated. We also need the cost for facilities maintenance for some designs which seems to be very fragile and delicacy. Crazy patterns from parametrical generation still need refining before widely use. Moreover, even though the technology of fabrication is developing, the cost is still too high, not economical for both experimental exploration and construction in real cases. One of the area we can see most generative parametric design is called blobitecture which is most popular recently. From my point of view, this kind of innovation is quite interesting and creative but also a bit unpractical for architectural design, especially the ones with large sizes. Put aside some bio-looking designs can only be fabricated with 3D print, the practicability of some relatively larger scale cases is also concerning.

F19 The Vaulted Willow Pavilion

F.19 The Pavilion in the site, Marc Fornes, Photography, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Vaulted Willowâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, (2015), <https://www.codaworx.com/project/vaulted-willow-edmonton-public-art> 15. Kimberley Mok, "The Stunning Bio Forms Of Auto-Updated Architecture - The New Stack", The New Stack, 2015 <http://thenewstack.io/the-stunning-bio-forms-of-auto-updated-architecture/> [accessed 8 August 2016].

The whole design looks like a growing branch and also the generation of which is like growing as well. Under the analyzing of stress, deflection and the force from anchors, this geometrically complex, self-supporting structure is created. 15

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Studio Air Take the case of Vaulted Willow for example, the design of which draws a lot of attention for its “resolve and delineate structure, skin and ornamentation into a single unified system”, “exploring lightweight, ultra-thin, self-supported shells through the development of custom computational protocols of structural form-finding and descriptive geometry.”16 However, the assembling of this structure needs skilled workers which is really time consuming contrast to the time it can preserve. Also the cost is hundreds of thousands of dollars. Just as most generative parametric designs, the pavilion is only an experimental case.

So does the case of Bio-Pulse which is designed by the Master Advanced Design and Digital Architecture (ADDA) from the Elisava. The design of BioPulse is even more complex and delicacy than the Vaulted Willow. Its structure is not generated based on mechanical analyzing. It seems that the Bio-Pulse can be easily moved in windy days. 18 Meanwhile, we must admitted that the approach of generation conceptions in computation development is very mysterious, fascinating, interesting and creative to see things in interdiciplinary way. Biology involves the most miraculous structure which people can’t generate on our own accord. There are so many mysteries waiting to be unlocked. So we need take serious all those trials in this stage. Through the practice of the generation designing method, not only architects but also scholars in other area will benefit.

F20 Segments of the model

F22 The model in the site

F21 Model of the BIo-Pulse

“Self-organisation is a set of dynamical mechanisms whereby structures appear at the global level of a system from interactions of its lower-level components” -Bonabeau et al, in Swarm Intelligence, 1999 (19)

‘In the field of architecture we are forced to regain the sensitivity in observation and research, and learn the lessons of nature on the act of formalizing and metabolizing. Our objective is to learn and explore this knowledge to then transfer it and apply it to the design process of architecture and spaces.’(20)

The designing of Bio-Pulse demonstrates the act of formalizing and metabolizing in the nature. It is shown by the movement and transformation of some basic components in the perspective of biomimetic engineering. -18

The fabrication process includes separating the branches, unrolling and resolving into segments. There are 721 individual aluminum colorfully pained flat “shingles” used in the pavilion to create a curving looking. 17

F.20 Nested components, Marc Fornes, MARC FORNES/THEVERYMANY fabricates vaulted willow pavilion in edmonton, (2015), <http://www.designboom.com/architecture/marc-fornestheverymany-vaulted-willow-pavilion-edmonton-02-09-2015/>

F.21,F22 Master Advanced Design and Digital Architecture (ADDA), Overview Of The Bio-Pulse, 2016 <http://www.arch2o.com/bio-pulse-diego-suarez-traverso-and-bart-chompff/> [accessed 10 August 2016].

16. Karissa Rosenfield, "Marc Fornes / THEVERYMANY Constructs Self-Supported “Vaulted Willow” With Ultra-Thin Aluminum Shells", ArchDaily, 2015 <http://www.archdaily.com/596033/marcfornes-theverymany-constructs-self-supported-vaulted-willow-with-ultra-thin-aluminum-shells> [accessed 8 August 2016].

18. Bio-Pulse Arch2O.com, "Bio-Pulse | Diego Suarez Traverso And Bart Chompff - Arch2o.Com", Notey, 2016 <http://www.notey.com/@arch2odesign_unofficial/external/4181335/bio-pulse-diegosuarez-traverso-and-bart-chompff-arch2o-com.html> [accessed 7 August 2016].

17. K. Rosenfield, "Marc Fornes / THEVERYMANY Constructs Self-Supported “Vaulted Willow” With Ultra-Thin Aluminum Shells", 2015

19. Diego Suarez, "Advanced Design & Digital Architecture", Issuu, 2012 <https://issuu.com/diegosuareztraverso/docs/adda> [accessed 9 August 2016]. 20. D Suarez, "Advanced Design & Digital Architecture", Issuu, 2012

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A.4. Conclusion

A.5. Learning outcomes

As the developing of computation, parametric modeling is becoming an integrant part of the vast majority of construction projects. More and more architect are using parametric modeling technique to help them design more flexible and complicated structures or testing building performance. Parametrization is involved in many stages of designing process, which allows the design to be more efficient to response to requirements in various aspects. However, this also require architect to be more intelligent in other areas and logic theories to solve design problems by computation. This can be concluded as the capacity of algorithmic thinking. To capture this method, designer need to be clear about the role and code behind all the designs, and how to use the role to create more evolution. Algorithms needs to be careful considered for each specific cases.

Through the work of Part A, with the support of weekly readings, Grasshopper study and case studies, I got a clear understanding of computation technique, and have some conceptions of doing parametric modeling with Grasshopper. I have looked into some cases of masters of modern architect to study how their ideas generated, how their designs affect the architectural discourse. Even though the visual script environment of Grasshopper is so straight-forward, great work needs to be done to master the application of this software expertly.

Writing and modify algorithms can be done both in programs existing or customized ones by skilled designers. On the basic of scripting languages or interface, RhinoScript or VBA, for example, new programs of design software can be created for more exploration in parametric design. Grasshopper is one of the most straight-forward program which language is visual. So starters can clearly see the logic within the parametric modeling, from stages to stages, rather than obscure program scripts. The boundaries of designing is widely broader by parametric modeling.

I have seen the future of architecture also the future of design, It is the maximum comfort, aesthetic satisfaction with minimum material, labour and time.Design will be more considered and intelligent to fulfill everyoneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needs in a most efficient way. As the development of industries and design, projects will be more environmental friendly and sustainably. I intend to design something can show the beauty of winding geometry, the integration of it is solid but much lighter. I tried to create geometries with Grasshopper but the results seems not so interesting. I think after study more technique and principles of Grasshopper. I can plot what insight my thoughts. The study of Grasshopper is really not easy. I think some extra tutorial video about Grasshopper and practice is necessary for me now.

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A.6. Appendix

After watching video of making physical model with brick layers. I found it very interesting to create curved walls with cuboid. I first tried to draw some cuboids and using scripts to repeat them in mesh, but the result is quite different from want I wanted. I researched in books and found Center Box can help with building curved wall. It starts from square grid. Points from it should be deconstructed into their component parts then back to points. So a curved surface can be drafted. A bounding box with corners should be created. After that a mesh is created and divided into pieces. With the division and construction plane, a brick wall is generated. The script is more complicated than the result showing. I spent long time to deal with this sketch and had to ask my friend who is expert in Grasshopper for help. The curvature of the wall, size of the bricks are adjustable. I will still work with this geometry to create more variable transformation.

The veneer of balls is geometric and interesting. I take the advance of lunch box and weavebird to create some patterns I still don't know how to do without those plug-in.

I also tried some box morphing with differnet geometry, somecome is intersting. But I am still not skilled to gnerate more variations. I am considering introducing some mapping to make the pattern of the morphing more variable.

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Reference Alexandra Wilmet, writer, "Gustafson Porter Shake Things Up With Visually Breathtaking Development Of Marina One · Landscape Architects Network", Landscape Architects Network, 2015 <http://landarchs.com/gustafson-porter-shake-things-visually-breathtakingdevelopment-marina-one/> [accessed 11 August 2016] Alsane, Aiysha, "C_Wall | Matsys Design – Arch2o.Com", Arch2o.com, 2016 <http://www. arch2o.com/c_wall-matsys-design/> [accessed 11 August 2016] Arch2O.com, Bio-Pulse, "Bio-Pulse | Diego Suarez Traverso And Bart Chompff - Arch2o.Com", Notey, 2016 <http://www.notey.com/@arch2odesign_unofficial/external/4181335/biopulse-diego-suarez-traverso-and-bart-chompff-arch2o-com.html> [accessed 7 August 2016] "BREEAM : The Edge, Amsterdam", Breeam.com, 2016 <http://www.breeam.com/index. jsp?id=804> [accessed 11 August 2016] "C_Wall MATSYS", Matsysdesign.com, 2016 <http://matsysdesign.com/2009/06/19/c_wall/> [accessed 11 August 2016] "Ecosciences Precinct / Hassell", ArchDaily, 2011 <http://www.archdaily.com/125407/ ecosciences-precinct-hassell> [accessed 4 August 2016] Howard, Jacqueline, "How One Architect Imagines The Future Of Sustainable Cities", Huffington Post Australia, 2016 <http://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/entry/underwatercities-carbon-footprint_us_56840bd4e4b0b958f65af659> [accessed 4 August 2016] Lashihar, Sara Ben, "Case Study : Computational Design Of Hangzhou Tennis Center – Arch2o.Com", Arch2o.com, 2016 <http://www.arch2o.com/case-study-computationaldesign-hangzhou-tennis-center/> [accessed 11 August 2016] "Marina One Singapore By M+S", Marinaonesingapore.net, 2016 <http://www. marinaonesingapore.net> [accessed 11 August 2016] Miller, Nathan. “The Hangzhou Tennis Center: A Case Study in Integrated Parametric Design.” ACADIA Regional Conference 2011: Parametricism SPC, Lincoln, Nebraska, (2011). Mok, Kimberley, "The Stunning Bio Forms Of Auto-Updated Architecture - The New Stack", The New Stack, 2015 <http://thenewstack.io/the-stunning-bio-forms-of-auto-updatedarchitecture/> [accessed 8 August 2016]

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Rosenfield, Karissa, "Marc Fornes / THEVERYMANY Constructs Self-Supported “Vaulted Willow” With Ultra-Thin Aluminum Shells", ArchDaily, 2015 <http://www.archdaily. com/596033/marc-fornes-theverymany-constructs-self-supported-vaulted-willow-withultra-thin-aluminum-shells> [accessed 8 August 2016] Singapore is building an entire forest in a high-rise apartment atrium Footnote: Chris Weller, "Singapore Is Building An Entire Forest In A High-Rise Apartment Atrium", Tech Insider, 2016 <http://www.techinsider.io/singapores-cloud-forestrevolutionizes-green-spaces-2015-11> [accessed 11 August 2016]. Suarez, Diego, "Advanced Design & Digital Architecture", Issuu, 2012 <https://issuu.com/ diegosuareztraverso/docs/adda> [accessed 9 August 2016] "The World's Smartest Office Building Knows How You Like Your Coffee", Bloomberg. com, 2016 <http://www.bloomberg.com/features/2015-the-edge-the-worlds-greenestbuilding/> [accessed 11 August 2016] Wakefield, Jane, "Tomorrow's Buildings: Is World's Greenest Office Smart? - BBC News", BBC News, 2016 <http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35746647> [accessed 11 August 2016] Weller, Chris, "Singapore Is Building An Entire Forest In A High-Rise Apartment Atrium", Tech Insider, 2016 <http://www.techinsider.io/singapores-cloud-forest-revolutionizesgreen-spaces-2015-11> [accessed 11 August 2016]

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Photo resource from online Howard, Jacqueline, Overview of the underwater city, 2016 <http://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/ entry/underwater-cities-carbon-footprint_us_56840bd4e4b0b958f65af659> [accessed 4 August 2016]

The generation of the model and Grasshopper Script, Lidija Grozdanic, Photography, ‘NBBJ and CCDI Break Ground on Hangzhou Sports Park’, (2010), <http://www. archdaily.com/56594/nbbj-and-ccdi-break-ground-on-hangzhou-sports-park>

v2com, Kitchen In The Lounge Area, 2016 <http://www.archdaily.com/125407/ecosciencesprecinct-hassell> [accessed 4 August 2016]

The Pavilion in the site, Marc Fornes, Photography, ‘Vaulted Willow’, (2015), <https:// www.codaworx.com/project/vaulted-willow-edmonton-public-art>

Renderings of bird view & inter view of the Marina One Gustafson, ‘Gustafson Porter Shake Things up With Visually Breathtaking Development of Marina One’, (2015), <http://landarchs. com/gustafson-porter-shake-things-visually-breathtaking-development-marina-one/> Look up from the bottom of Marina One and building plan, Gustafson,’Gustafson Porter Shake Things up With Visually Breathtaking Development of Marina One’, (2015), <http://www. ingenhovenarchitects.com/projects/more-projects/marina-one-singapore/?img=3> North face of the building & working place at the north side of the building, Lidija Grozdanic, Photography,‘Record-breaking Amsterdam office scores world’s highest BREEAM rating’, (2014), <http://inhabitat.com/deloitte-amsterdam-hq-achieves-breeams-highest-ever-rating-of-9836/> The walking path wishing de building & the large hall & the app for controlling, Lidija Grozdanic, Photography,‘Record-breaking Amsterdam office scores world’s highest BREEAM rating’, (2014), <http://inhabitat.com/deloitte-amsterdam-hq-achieves-breeams-highest-ever-rating-of-9836/> The zigzag plan of the wall creates an increased structural stiffness, Banvard Gallery, Photography, ‘Banvard Galleryk’, (2009), <http://matsysdesign.com/2009/06/19/c_wall/> The zigzag plan of the wall creates an increased structural stiffness, Matsys, Photography,‘Banvard Galleryk’, (2009), <http://matsysdesign.com/2009/06/19/c_wall/> C_Wall with shadows on floor Banvard Gallery, Photography, ‘Banvard Galleryk’, (2009), <http://matsysdesign.com/2009/06/19/c_wall/>

Lidija Grozdanic, Photography, ‘NBBJ and CCDI Break Ground on Hangzhou Sports Park’, (2010), <http://www.archdaily.com/56594/nbbj-and-ccdi-break-ground-onhangzhou-sports-park> The generation of the model, Lidija Grozdanic, ‘NBBJ and CCDI Break Ground on Hangzhou Sports Park’, (2010), <http://www.archdaily.com/56594/nbbj-and-ccdi-breakground-on-hangzhou-sports-park>

Nested components, Marc Fornes, MARC FORNES/THEVERYMANY fabricates vaulted willow pavilion in edmonton, (2015), <http://www.designboom.com/architecture/marcfornes-theverymany-vaulted-willow-pavilion-edmonton-02-09-2015/> Stress Radio Utilization Structural calculation & Exploded view, Marc Fornes, MARC FORNES/THEVERYMANY fabricates vaulted willow pavilion in edmonton, (2015), <http:// www.designboom.com/architecture/marc-fornes-theverymany-vaulted-willow-pavilionedmonton-02-09-2015/> Master Advanced Design and Digital Architecture (ADDA), Overview Of The Bio-Pulse, 2016 <http://www.arch2o.com/bio-pulse-diego-suarez-traverso-and-bart-chompff/> [accessed 10 August 2016]

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Part B CRITERIA DESIGN

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B.1. Research Field- Tessellation Tessellation is one of the most common types of ornament craft. Tradition tessellations are designed for tiling on flat surface with one or more shapes. The ingeniousness and elaborate of tessellation is that these motifs can interlock and patch with each other perfectly no matter how complex their shapes are. The periodic repeating of geometry shapes and gradually altering form the unique aesthetic of tessellation. 1

The design of tessellation patterns needs high technical skill and precise work without the support of computer optimizing. Ancient tessellation patterns are classified into various branches by their generating logics.

1. "Tessellation", Wikipedia, 2016 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation> [accessed 21 September 2016].

Penrose tiling is one of them, which is featured with more them one different prototiles. This characteristic makes Penrose tiling more colorful and checkered. Penrose pattern at the Darb-i Imam shrine in Isfahan is a sign of advanced mathematics. The tessellated tiling on those historical buildings is also the embodiment of the science, religion and spirituality behind the artwork. Exploring those geometry is useful in parametric design to create dynamic patterns. 2

2. "Penrose Tiling", Wikipedia, 2016 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penrose_tiling> [accessed 21 September 2016].

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There are also some natural tessellated wonders formed by nature force. The Giant Causeway in Antrim, Northern Ireland is a grand topography formed 60,000,000 years ago in a volcanic eruption. The causeway is consist of 40,000 hexagonal interlocking basalt columns which is eroded into ladder shape, rolling along the coastline, extending into the sea. This 3-dimensional tessellation is quite incredible with striking beauty3.

Another interesting wonder is the "White Pocketâ&#x20AC;&#x153; in Vermillion Cliffs National Monument with soft-look rock motifs.4

3. "Giant's Causeway", Wikipedia, 2016 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant%27s_Causeway> [accessed 21 September 2016]. 4. "Vermilion Cliffs - Photo Gallery - Pictures, More From National Geographic Magazine", Ngm.nationalgeographic.com, 2016 <http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2012/02/vermilion-cliffs/barnesphotography#/10-miniature-lakes-white-pocket-670.jpg> [accessed 21 September 2016].

As the developing of architectural fabrication, tessellation is given more properties and possibilities. For instance, with less and simpler edges of panels, tessellations will possess more tolerance for deflection and movements three-dimensional. An good example of this kind of tessellation is the Aegis Hyposurface by dECOi office installed on a wall above the pavement next to the Birmingham Hippodrome Theatre as projecting billboard5. The Aegis Hyposurface is one architectural surface with the ability to response to electronic stimuli from its environment electronic stimuli from to realize the interaction between the art-work and people. This real-time action is based on the faceted metallic surface which can deform by a bed of 896 pneumatic pistons. The tessellation of this case is mobilized to generate dynamic and responsive forms and change the inflexible stereotype of tessellating6.

5. "Aegis Hyposurface", Mark Burry, 2012 <https://mcburry.net/aegis-hyposurface/> [accessed 21 September 2016] 6. "Aegis Hyposurface", Transmaterial, 2007 <http://transmaterial.net/aegis-hyposurface/> [accessed 21 September 2016]

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Moreover, tessellation is valuable for refinement and exploration of the envelope properties to optimize the aesthetics, insulation, optical and acoustics of the veneer. A worth mentioning project is the FabPod which is mainly used as partition for a meeting room within an open-plan office at RMIT Design Hub. The form and surface texture is specialized to control the sound and light transmission between the inner and outer space. Atmosphere in the meeting place is fantastic with the mixture of different surface materials7. All in all, the repeat and regulations of tessellations make them not only arts and crafts, but also mathematics and geometry. Tessellation is enlarged to 3-dimensional scope with the support of computation technique. More thickness and ability of space-filling, the design of tessellation turn over a new leaf.

7. Daniel Davis, "Fabpod â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Daniel Davis", Danieldavis.com, 2013 <http://www.danieldavis.com/fabpod/> [accessed 21 September 2016].

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B.2. Case Study 1.0

Project: Voltadom Designer:Skylar Tibbits Year: 2007

The Voltadom is one installation in the hallway between two buildings in MIT campus. The basic elements of the installation is hundreds of vaulted panels which are abstractive expression of the constructive rethinking of historic cathedrals. The â&#x20AC;&#x153;oculiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; of those vaults give opens for outside light and views, and provide overshadow and shield for the hallway. The most innovative points of the vault are bending strips to fabricate curved vaults and the self-replicating system adapted to given forms8.

8. Luis Pina Lopes, "Voltadom By Skylar Tibbits | Skylar Tibbits - Arch2o.Com", Arch2O.com, 2013 <http://www.arch2o.com/voltadom-by-skylar-tibbits-skylar-tibbits/> [accessed 21 September 2016].

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Species 2: Cone openings and smooth tesellation

Species 1: Surface sudivision and blend 1

Divide surface and offset Min offset=0, Max offset=10 Shufling Strength = 0.4

Pipe structure

Min offset =2, Max offset=43 Shufling Strength=0.7

Change Panel thickness to 1 Min offset =0, Max offset=15 Shufling Strength=0.4

Min offset =2, Max offset=43 Shufling Strength=0.7, Jitter seed = 9

Points number =20, populate seed =3 Cone R = 0.8

Cone R = 1.903

Weld mesh Catmull-Clark Subdivision

Laplacian Smoothing mesh

Weld mesh Catmull-Clark Subdivision

Add void cap to rail revolution result

Scale offset curves ramdomly Domain: 0.1~0.45

Weld mesh Catmull-Clark Subdivision

Species 4: Graph mapper and morphing

Points number =135, populate seed =9

Rail Revolution along surface segment edges

Mesh thicken

Species 3: Cone vaults and refinement

Points number =10, populate seed =1 Cone R = 0.8

Cone from revolution

Extrude edges Extrude distance = 2

Merge results

Min offset =2, Max offset=43 Shufling Strength=0.4

Points number =90, populate seed =3 Cone R = 0.8

Weaverbird picture Frame

Weaverbird's Mesh Thicken WbCatmullClark

Modify surface with Graph Mapper Divide surface u=12, v=12 Surface morph with cones

Divide surface u=12, v=12 Height of twist box x 5

Modify surface with Graph Mapper Divide surface u=10, v=12 Height of twist box x 4

Morph on divided surface Height of twist box x 4

Modify surface with Graph Mapper Divide surface u=12, v=12 Height of twist box x 4

Join surface project base

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Criteria

This iteration is quite a practical one with both panel and structure elements. The offset panels create gaps and opens on the cone surface. The structure will be very stable and independent.

This cone with differnce sizes of opens and welded mesh surface is looks quite dynamic. As the change of opens, this open brep is covered by patterns. Through varying the open brep surface, more possibilities will be generated.

Criteria

This design posseses the potential to become a part of an organic veneer, either for tessellation or patterning. With the help of weaverbird and mesh plus, iterations can be even more organic and dynamic.

Trough cut the surface and joining with morphs, the surface become much solid look. This will be quite intersting to intergrate with vertical wall structure to create active expressions

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B.3. Case Study 2.0 Project: CHRYSALIS (III) Designer: Andrew Kudless Year: 2012

I choose the the CHRYSALIS (III) for my case study in this section. The CHRYSALIS (III) â&#x20AC;&#x201D; one of the creative projects of Matsys is generated with Grasshopper and other plug-ins. This is a small scale project, but its way of exploring cellular morphologies and attaching self-organized barnacle-like cells around substrate surface includes substantial investment. The cells across the surface are modified by kangaroo to find the best balance state through constraining relaxed spring network to the underlaying surface9.

What is also worth mentioning is the material choosing. The composite paper-backed wood veneers ( Cherry venee r for exterior and poplar veneer for interior) give the model special texture and natural appearance. As most other cases, the model is unfolded, digital fabricated and assembled by hand10.

The design of ChRYSALIS (III) consists of two veneer: the outer one looks like hexagonal prismoids and inner one of non-planar plates with petal-shape void. The firmly joined inner plates play the role of the structure which hold the basic form and outer veneer. In addition, the hexagonal prismoids is the emphasis of the cells as well.

In sum, this case successfully created a stable self-support design through the optimize of cells and brings unique visual effects. The intend of it is enhanced and straight-forward.

9. "Chrysalis (III) <<< MATSYS", Matsysdesign.com, 2016 <http://matsysdesign.com/category/projects/chrysalis-iii/> [accessed 21 September 2016]. 10. Lyly Huyen, "Chrysalis (III) | MATSYS - Arch2o.Com", Arch2O.com, 2014 <http://www.arch2o.com/chrysalis-iii-matsys/> [accessed 21 September 2016].

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Process of reverse engineer

Generate open brep from loffting of circles and rotated triangles

Use the bounding box of the brep to add populate points and generate 3D vorinoi

Let cells of 3D vorinoi intercect with the brep, get vorinoi curves

Patch the curves with surfaces

Get the edges of those patch Move those surface away from the center of the brep, lof surface and scale them sacled and original edges

Merge inner and outer veneer together

Extrude edges to the central points of each vornoi curves, get folded triangle surfaces

Let the vorinoi curves relaxed on the brep surface with spring and surface tension to obtain a nicely-balanced voronoish diagram (or facet dome cells) on a sphere. Due to the way I generated curves is different from the original one, there is no big different.

Get edges of those triangle surface, draw inner close curve of those triangles

Draw boundary surfaces between triangle edges and inner close curve

Bed End 1

Bad End 2

This vorinoi network is generated from mesh utilities. The cells of this are all perfet and well-rounded hexagons. However, mesh welded all curves together. I can't break them into edges in the groups sorted by cells. Afterwards, later works can't continue.

This iteration the loft cells are some inward and some outward. This is because the vector I used to move second curve for lofting is from the normal of surface evaluation. So due to the concave and convex of different parts of the surface, normals are pointed inward or outward. So the lofting goes wrong and some are hidden dehind the lining veneer.

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The reverse engineer model is quite like the original one. The base brep and lofting cells are quite similar. The view from the indide is quite alike. Howevr, the cells I generated is not so different in sized from each other as the original one. And some hexagons are not so well-rounded. As for the inner layer, I can't figure out how to spit the center of inner panels. Because the petals of those panels are generated separetely. The center hole is among a few triangles, to generate flower-like holes, adjacent triangles need to be union together. I don't know how to deal with this.

If not controlled by the original forms. I may try differnt base breps to create some interesting forms. Moreover, transfer the lofting into meshes and edit the meshed may generate some more organical shapes as well.

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B.4.Technique: Development

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Highlight the most successful iterations and extrapolate/ speculate on design potential. Analyse the outcomes against your Selection Criteria. Pick out the successes and develop them further in the next column of the matrix.

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B.5.Technique: Prototypes Model-making process

In this stage I fabricated and tested some of the idea from last section to help me understand the texture, structural and properties of some digital designs. Even though some elements are handcut. Their are all in accurate sizes based on printed unrolled surface plans in the scale of 1:10. Relative iterations

Structural and connection detail

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Light and shadow test

Profile shadow under diffusion light

Profile shadow under strong light

Bottom shadow under strong light

Profile shadow under strong light

Diffusion light through model

Conclusion As photos shows, the light transparency of the tesselated model is relatively satisfying. Shadow under light, especially strong light is expressive. However, the vorinoi cell model is not quite good. It is hard for light to go through the spiky. Because of wrong material use, the result is unsatisfying. As for flexibility, triangle model is relatively flexibility, extra frame structure is needed. Additional, hexagon prototype is tight fixed, and it is possible to support it self in the whole.

Stong light through model

Flexibility Test

Bending inward

Bending outward

Bending inward

Bending outward

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B.6.Technique: Proposal Site analysis and breif response

The site I picked for my designed exhibition is at the corner of Blyth Street and Merri Creek Trail, next to the Ceres Environment Park, close to the public transportation and main driveways. Based on the requirement of the brief, this is a easy-access place for exhibition11. The Merri Creek is a great place to enjoy walking and biking in the middle of the city. Riding with winding and skipping, there are new housing estates, garden plots, a few horse paddocks and sports ovals on two sides of the trailing paths.

11. "About Merri Creek", Mcmc.org.au, 2016 <http://www.mcmc.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=36&Itemid=188> [accessed 21 September 2016].

The site is a highlight of the trail. Life there is quite and not changed much from good old times. The place is close to the creek and wood, also with large are of grassland. With residence area around it and occasionally passing bike rider, the side is a quite area at the junction of humanities and the nature. This is a good place to provide a open platform for my design of the exhibition. Setting an exhibition concerning environmental issue in this peaceful natural surroundings will be a dramatic contrast to the concerns about environment problems. It will be an interesting attempt12.

11. "About Merri Creek", Mcmc.org.au, 2016 <http://www.mcmc.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=36&Itemid=188> [accessed 21 September 2016]. 12. "Merri Creek Path - One Of The Most Attractive Melbourne Bike Paths", We-love-melbourne.net, 2016 <http://www.we-love-melbourne.net/merri-creek-path.html> [accessed 21 September 2016].

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Design intent and proposal The start point of my design is the visualizing of physical and mental experience of people suffering in the serious smog. Smog is a phenomena of severe and wide range of air pollution. Even though cannot be seen in Australia, the phenomenon caused by air population is taking place in some place of the world. What is worth, the air pollution is much harder and costly than pollution of other types which are already existing in the environment. Even though the source of the pollution is under control as soon as possible. Only time and the self clean can eliminate the issue gradually. I once visited Beijing and been attacked by smog. The experience is so expressed and unforgettable. I would like to simulated the uncomfortable feeling within that atmosphere through the my design for the exhibition with its form, texture and the experience it offered the visitors.

The Feeling of people in the smog can be concluded as follows: -Oppression and thickness of air -Breathe disorder -Unclean air -Sharp smell -Insecurity

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Inspiration from feelings and visual psychology The tricky thing here is all to translate those feelings into physical form of the modeling. After some further study about Visual Psychology, I got some senses about space, form, the concave and convex feature of surfaces and many other feature can affect people's feelings. What I found inspiring and useful can be summarized as follows: -Vaulted inner space created the sense of concentration and psychological shock. This is the head chord of the design, to touch visitorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;heart. -The height change of ceiling includes concave and convex. Then the lower ceiling may make people feel oppression. -Sharp shapes pointed to the inside can simulate the uncomforted of breathing in the air with pungent smell. Being pointed with sharp stuff can cause the unsecured feeling of visitors and powerless of escaping from the surrounding, just as people in air pollution are not able to be free from polluted air. Also the feeling of dropping. -Twisted line with irregular and messy curving have the visual effects of of distress and confusion. -Frosting translucence material will gradually decreasing brightness as layers of it accumulate. Translucence material can simulate the vision of smog. Even though the material is still light weight one. The density and weight of air raises and as the light being blocked partly by the vault. Visitor walking through the pavilion will experience the unclean and heaviness of people in smog.

Rendered plan and section

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B.7. Learning Objectives and Outcomes After a period of learning and research with air studio, I get a deeper understanding of designing with parametric scripts and digital fabrication. I used to be confused with some architectural design and have difficulties to discern the design intent and methodology within it. And the study with Air studio and Grasshopper help me develop my critical thinking and the ability to analyze. Take the Alfred Deakin Building for example. Not long ago, as I walked passed Federation Square and looked at the building, what I thought about the building design is only random patterning with different colors. When I observe the building recently, I

find the fractal-skeletal frame is a complex geometrical pattern of entirely scalene triangles of modern minimalist shapes. The intend behind the design is not only random distribution but de-constructivist and geometrical design of materialogy. I used to be not so clear between the fine art and some part of the architecture design. After further research of the field of tessellation, I recognize those complex patterns and sculptures of buildings or ornaments of them, historical one especially, are generated with mathematics and geometry method. For instance, the gorgeous rose windows of Gothic

cathedrals are design with the intersection a n d r o ta ti o n of sim ple shapes. If we capture those methods, we can use parametric modeling to realize them much easier than people in the past. Moreover, I have make some improvement in using grasshopper definition with my design. What makes I think Grasshopper to be much more advanced than Rhino environments is the ability of analyzing and treating with the logic of geometry. The data behind geometry can generate infinite possibilities, and I just needâ&#x20AC;&#x2039; mater the ability to explore them more deepgoing. Length, curvature, specific points of curve; normal,coordinate based

on surfaces, data tree and index and so on, all those are even more important than what the geometry looks like now. The most important thing in parametric modeling is the logic of generation. In my point of view, we should now what we want to make at the start. Whereupon, there will be something out of expectation been generated, and it may be the most valuable results. Even though I am stilling getting familiar with Grasshopper scripts, and I sometime feel that a direction is achievable but can find the best way to do it. My idea about design is getting much more clear. Take Case Study 2.0 for example, the first

obstacle is how to attach a fully cover vornoi grid to a brep surface. I found the method used most is Hexagon Cells and Platonic Dodecahedron component in the Lunchbox plugin. However, they are not applied to a given prep as the one I use. Eventually I figure out the method to let a 3D Voronoi to cut the brep and use the intersect line. This is not the best way and the way the designer of that case did, but a method of thinking as well. What I think highly of in this stage is the strong expression ability of grasshopper. Because I choose the concept to visualize the physical and mental feeling of people. Integrating design with the

effects Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d like to express and get the result which is not difficult to fabricate is a challenge for me. So I canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t stop thinking about materials and connections I am going to use in the design process. I still need to learn more to be skill with them. As for fabrication, I got some convenience to do make them by hand for the material I chose. By scaling and printing out unrolled pieces of the digital model, I can cut them by hand through tracing the accurate printed plan. This is workable for small scale model making with variable materials, but laser cut will be crucial for larger scale of complete models. The result of model testing is valuable for me to understand the material and visual effects of the model with interaction with light. In summary, Part B Criteria design is a good practice to push my study and research with parametric design and understanding of geometry scripts. It is worth making more efforts to do it.

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B.8. Appendix - Algorithmic Sketches

learning of the core computational principles and the way you are incorporating them into your design thinking.

Open breps and smooth mesh After a period of searching, I eventually found the method to generate such leaves -like smooth mesh. In the toturial, the start is from closed mesh to soemting like greenvoid. As I use 3D vorinoi as close breps, I eventually generated meshes looks like bushes of flowers and leaves. The central point of this method is evaluation of lines, weaving and lofting. The methd for vorinoi skeleton is quite similar.

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It is out of my expectation that the offset of spiral curved surface can be divided and offset into such futuristic geometry. Through refining of the material of it, the iteration will be resemble as a sculpture.

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Bibliography "Tessellation", Wikipedia, 2016 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation> [accessed 21 September 2016] "Penrose Tiling", Wikipedia, 2016 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penrose_tiling> [accessed 21 September 2016] "Giant's Causeway", Wikipedia, 2016 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant%27s_Causeway> [accessed 21 September 2016] "Vermilion Cliffs - Photo Gallery - Pictures, More From National Geographic Magazine", Ngm. nationalgeographic.com, 2016 <http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2012/02/vermilioncliffs/barnes-photography#/10-miniature-lakes-white-pocket-670.jpg> [accessed 21 September 2016] "Aegis Hyposurface", Mark Burry, 2012 <https://mcburry.net/aegis-hyposurface/> [accessed 21 September 2016] "Aegis Hyposurface", Transmaterial, 2007 <http://transmaterial.net/aegis-hyposurface/> [accessed 21 September 2016] Davis, Daniel, "Fabpod â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Daniel Davis", Danieldavis.com, 2013 <http://www.danieldavis. com/fabpod/> [accessed 21 September 2016] Lopes, Luis Pina, "Voltadom By Skylar Tibbits | Skylar Tibbits - Arch2o.Com", Arch2O.com, 2013 <http://www.arch2o.com/voltadom-by-skylar-tibbits-skylar-tibbits/> [accessed 21 September 2016] Huyen, Lyly, "Chrysalis (III) | MATSYS - Arch2o.Com", Arch2O.com, 2014 <http://www.arch2o. com/chrysalis-iii-matsys/> [accessed 21 September 2016] "Chrysalis (III) MATSYS", Matsysdesign.com, 2016 <http://matsysdesign.com/category/ projects/chrysalis-iii/> [accessed 21 September 2016] "About Merri Creek", Mcmc.org.au, 2016 <http://www.mcmc.org.au/index. php?option=com_content&view=article&id=36&Itemid=188> [accessed 21 September 2016]

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"Merri Creek Path - One Of The Most Attractive Melbourne Bike Paths", We-love-melbourne. net, 2016 <http://www.we-love-melbourne.net/merri-creek-path.html> [accessed 21 September 2016]

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