Daylight & Shading Devices

Page 1

Daylight & Shading devices

Amgad

BY •
Yara Waheed
Sally Ahmed • Radwa • Arwa Mohamed
Daylight 01 02 03 Mashrabiya 04 Contents : Sun Tunnels Light shelves
Definition 01 Why use daylight ...? 02 03 Types of daylight 04 Daylight Problems 05 Solutions 06 Impact Factors

Definition 01

What is the Daylight...?

Daylight is the combination of direct sunlight, diffuse sky radiation

Daylight
Daylight
5

Types of daylight 02

Daylight
Daylight
Daylight Passive Daylight 6
Active

Why use Daylight ...? 03

comfort

Increase Psychological and physiological benefits.

Coast

Good use of daylight reduces the heat load as well as saves energy and thus reduces the building cost

Saving Energy

Reduce the need for artificial lighting and so reduce energy consumption.

View

Daylight apertures provide visual communication channels to the outside

Daylight Daylight
7
Daylight
Daylight opening Orientation Function Location Glazing Ratio and Specification Massing 8
Impact Factors 04
Daylight
Daylight 1. Increased heat load 2. Increase the glare of light in certain areas of a space 3. Light dosen’t access certain areas of space 9
Issues 05

Daylight solutions 06

Passive daylight & shading devices

What is the Passive daylight...?

The design that maintains a comfortable temperature within the building using the climate and natural elements to get the optimum benefit and to reduce or eliminate the independence on mechanical systems for heating, cooling and lighting

Daylight
10

Daylight solutions 06

What is the Solar shading...?

solar shading, is a form of solar control that can be used to optimize the amount of solar and heat gain and visible light that is admitted into a building

Daylight
11
Daylight solutions 06 Daylight ▪ Shading system Daylight with Diffuse light 1. Louvers\ Blinds 2. Automated Blinds. 3. optical shutters 4. (HOE) Shading systems Text Daylight with Direct light 1. External Light Shelves. 2. Internal light shelf 3. Angular selective Skylight Text Non-shading with Diffuse light 1. Anidolic ceiling 2. Zenithal Light guiding glass with (HOEs.) Holographic Optical elements Non-shading with Direct light 1. Laser-cut panels 2. Prismatic panels Other Systems 1. Sun tunnel 2. Switchable Electrochromic or gas chromic window coatings 12
Daylight solutions 06 Daylight ▪ Daylight with Diffuse light Louvers\ Blinds Automated Blinds optical shutters (HOE) Shading systems 13
Daylight solutions 06 Daylight ▪ Daylight with Direct light External Light Shelves Internal light shelf Angular selective Skylight 14
Daylight solutions 06 Daylight ▪ Non-shading with Direct light External Light Shelves Internal light shelf 15
Daylight solutions 06 Daylight ▪ Non-shading with Diffuse light Laser-cut panels
panels 16
Prismatic
Daylight solutions 06 Daylight
Other System Switchable Electrochromic or gas chromic window coatings Sun tunnel 17
Definition 01 Functions of the mashrabiya 02 03 Mashrabiya and desert environment 04 Desgin of Mashrabiya 05 Uses of Mashrabiya in current era 06 Concept of Mashrabiya Mashrabiya

Mashrabiya

01Definition

What is the mashrabiya...?

The mashrabiya is a wooden lattice screen which is composed of very small wooden balusters round in section.

▪ The name mashrabiya is derived from the word “drink” in Arabic language .

▪ mashrabiya is one of the traditional perforations .

Mashrabiya 19

Types of traditional perforations

Mashrabiya Taqa Jaali Qamariya

Mashrabiya 20

02

Mashrabiya

Mashrabiya and desert environment:

Where did the use of mashrabiyas begin?

It is necessary to refer to the desert construction method, as thick mud walls were used in the building, which in turn acted as a thermal storage, absorbing the intense heat during the day, and preventing it from reaching the inside of the rooms, thus reducing the heat exchange between the inside and the outside very hot. These thick walls get rid of the heat that they have gained throughout the day and at night, as the desert night is rarely free of cold. The ventilation holes in these thick walls were like small holes, which worked alongside the air hooks and the high ceilings to ventilate and cool the rooms by pushing hot air. To the top and get rid of it.

Mashrabiya 21
control through inlets & outlets (sizes) Mashrabiya 22
Mashrabiya 03 Functions of the mashrabiya:Why do we use mashrabiyas? Visual privacy Airflow

Mashrabiya 03 Functions of the mashrabiya: -

Why do we use mashrabiyas?

Humidity control ✓ Done in two ways

Mashrabiya 23

Mashrabiya

03 Functions of the mashrabiya: -

Why do we use mashrabiyas?

Temperature control

Summer : the locals got used to placing pottery pots in the mashrabiyas, which allowed the incoming air to lose its heat by evaporating some of the drinking water, and thus the relatively cold air enters the rooms .

Winter: the design of the mashrabiya openings allows the sun's rays in winter to enter the room as these openings are designed and take into consideration the Sun fall angles in winter.

Mashrabiya 24

Mashrabiya

03 Functions of the mashrabiya: -

Why do we use mashrabiyas?

Light control

✓ depends on The spacing and the size of the bars .

✓ In the southern facades, the separation distances are small , so it does not dazzle the eye of the person seeing.

✓ It is preferred that the Mashrabiya bars, which are located at the human level, be close to each other.

✓ increase the distance between the bars whenever we head up to compensate for the lack of lighting at the lower level.

Mashrabiya 25

Mashrabiya

04 Concept of Mashrabiya

The length of the horizontal shading element depends on two main variables:

✓ The sun angle incidence on the façade

✓ The height of the window

To give the same performance with less horizontal shading depth , the horizontal angle can be divided into 2 parts above each other and the depth will be divided into two .

For decreasing the depth more , the number of shading fins can increase and the depth will be divided on the number.

Mashrabiya 26

Mashrabiya

04 Concept of Mashrabiya

The horizontal shading element shade the sun angle it is designed for and higher sun angles, but it allows the lower sun angles.

Mashrabiya 27

Mashrabiya

04 Concept of Mashrabiya

Mashrabyia is concdered to be perfect solution for shading the western façade

Mashrabiya 28

Mashrabiya

05 Desgin of Mashrabiya

Mashrabiya 29
To design a perforated screen that performs efficiently towards sun angles , a mathematical formula based on steps was driven .

MASHRABIYA

)1731) (1860,1890( Cairo, Egypt )1930's( Cairo, Egypt Sana’a,Yemen )2010) Abu
Emirates )2012) Mashrabiya 30
THROUGHOUT THE AGES Cairo, Egypt
Dhabi ,

Mashrabiya

06 Uses of Mashrabiya in current era

Mashrabiya 31
Sun Tunnelinterior Exterior design
Shading
Passive
2 3 Mashrabiya 32
Interior Aesthetical pattern
device
cooling 1

Exterior

1 2 3

Structural pattern Cultural value

Adaptive skin Mashrabiya 33

Structural pattern

kaust urban art project

1 Mashrabiya 34

Cultural value

Masdar City

2 Mashrabiya 35

Mashrabiya

06 Uses of Mashrabiya in current era

Architects: Location : Year : 2007, 2015 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Foster , Partners
Mashrabiya 36
Masdar City

Mashrabiya

06 Uses of Mashrabiya in current era

Masdar City

A public courtyard framed by student dormitories A detail of one apartment façade before fixture to the building Terracotta façade of student dormitories

Mashrabiya 37

Mashrabiya

06 Uses of Mashrabiya in current era

Masdar City

According to The Detail of Façade of Masdar City Traditional Examples for mashrabiya
Light Control Mashrabiya 38

Adaptive skin

Al Bahar Towers

3 Mashrabiya 39
Towers Architects: Location : Year : 2012 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Aedas Architects Mashrabiya 40
Mashrabiya 06 Uses of Mashrabiya in current era Al Bahar Towers / Mashrabiya

Mashrabiya

06 Uses of Mashrabiya in current era

Bahar Towers / Mashrabiya Towers

Mashrabiya 41
Al

Mashrabiya

06 Uses of Mashrabiya in current era

Al Bahar Towers / Mashrabiya Towers

Mashrabiya 42

Mashrabiya

06 Uses of Mashrabiya in current era

Al Bahar Towers / Mashrabiya Towers

Mashrabiya 43

Mashrabiya

06 Uses of Mashrabiya in current era

The façade works as a curtain wall, positioned two meters around the buildings’ exterior on a separate frame. Each triangle is plated with fiberglass and programmed to respond to the movement of the sunas a method of decreasing solar gain and glare. In the evening, all the units of the façade close Solar analysis diagrams

At night they will all fold, so they will all close, so you’ll see more of the facade. As the sun rises in the morning in the east, the Mashrabiya along the east of the building will all begin to close and as the sun moves round the building, then that whole vertical strip of Mashrabiya will move with the sun .

Mashrabiya 44
Al Bahar Towers / Mashrabiya Towers

Mashrabiya

06 Uses of Mashrabiya in current era

According to The Detail of Façade of Masdar City Traditional Examples for mashrabiya Light Control
Mashrabiya 45
Al Bahar Towers / Mashrabiya Towers

The Adaptive Solar Facade

Note
Mashrabiya 46
Introduction 01 Definition 02 Why use light shelves ...? 03 Types of light shelves 04 Light shelves Manufactured materials 05 Considerations 06 Disadvantages 07

Light shelves

Introduction 01

As a day light intake system, light shelves can be seen as more economical than the other systems.

‒ Their features are, their simplicity, ease of applying to interior and exterior surfaces, ease of dissembling can prove this theory.

‒ However according to many sources, beside economical and practical features of the light shelves, their light intake factors can be limited with the positions of the buildings and windows, dimensions of the openings and the shelves.

48 Light shelves

Light shelves

Definition 02

» What is a Light shelf ...?

‒ It’s a horizontal, reflective surface that extend from the outside into the building space.

‒ It prevent Unwanted direct light from entering a space, reflecting The outside light towards the ceiling and redistributes the sunlight more widely within the room.

49 Light shelves

Light shelves

»

Definition 02

The

variables that determine the daylighting

performance

of a light shelf ‒ Its height, angle, width , and reflectance. ❖ The angle is important factor in its performance. Many studies have been conducted on optimizing the angle of a light shelf to respond to the external environment , but adjusting the angle of a light shelf requires additional energy for its operation. » Where it’s used ...? ‒ Light shelves are typically used in office buildings, as well as institutional buildings ‒ They are preferable in mild climates ‒ It can expand The useful range of sunlight in the southern façade in particular.

50 Light shelves

Light shelves

It’s used to

Increase occupant comfort and productivity.

Enhance design aesthetics. It’s used to

It’s used because

The shelves are relatively inexpensive and inexpensive to install, and are less prone to damage than other used techniques

Enhance daylight quality. It’s used to

It’s used to

Reduce the need for artificial lighting and so reduce energy consumption.

Reduce cooling loads. It’s used to

51 Light shelves
Why use light shelves ...? 03
» Light shelves can be classified according to 1. Its position , internal or external or both 2. Its condition , fixed or Dynamic 3. Its surface , flat or curved Light shelves Types of light shelves 04 01 The position of light shelves ‒ It is placed on a window above eye level ‒ It could locate inside or outside or on both sides of a building façade ‒ The positions of the light shelves, depend on the volume of the spaces to prevent glare. If the shelves are positioned far to ceiling, more light can be taken. 52 Light shelves
Light shelves Types of light shelves 04 53 Light shelves 01 The position of light shelves » External light shelves ‒ External light shelves could redirect more daylight and work as overhang devices. » Internal light shelf ‒ Internal light shelf blocks less daylight, and it usually redirects less daylight into buildings. » Combined light shelves ‒ Combined light shelves could utilize the advantages of both and provide the most evenly distributed illumination.
Light shelves Types of light shelves 04 54 Light shelves 02 The condition of light shelves » Fixed Light Shelves » Dynamic Light Shelves System
Manuel Systems : users arrange the positions of the shelves according to seasons, months etc. according to the sun’s position. 2. Automatic Systems : a micro computer arrange the positions and angles of the shelves according to seasons to provide efficient illumination.
1.
shelves Types of light shelves 04 55 Light shelves » Dynamic Light Shelves System 1. move in the horizontal plane : by changing the width of the light shelf 2. move in the vertical plane : by changing the angle of the light shelf c) Light shelf angle 30 b) Light shelf angle 10 a) Light shelf angle 0
Light
Light shelves Types of light shelves 04 56 Light shelves 03 The light shelves surface condition » Flat Light Shelves » Curved Light Shelves ‒ curved surface can reflect light in various directions depending on the point of incidence. ‒ Curved light shelves can thereby improve daylighting light.
Light shelves Types of light shelves 04 57 Light shelves 03 The light shelves surface condition » Curved Light Shelves 1. concave-downward light shelves 2. concave-upward light shelves ❖ concave-upward light shelves are More efficient than concave-downward light shelves
Light shelves Manufactured materials 05 58 Light shelves » Light shelves are commonly made from; timber, glass, plastics, metal panels, plaster metal panels timber glass

Light shelves

Manufactured materials

» The best light shelves are made of an aluminum chassis and aluminum panel that are mounted horizontally and located above eye-level .

» To be able to reflect light up to the ceiling, the upper surface of light shelves should be matte white or diffusely specular, it does not need to be shiny or reflective. Ideally, the ceiling should also be a light color .

05 59 Light shelves

Light shelves

Manufactured materials

» How do I choose the material of manufacture ... ? ‒

The choice of material may be determined by Design

The design appropriate material should be chosen to the design of the rest of the building

Ease of maintenance

The materials should be available and easy to maintain

cost

It is preferred that the materials used are economical.

Structural strength

You should choose materials that have strength to face the surrounding factors that may be exposed to

Opacity

Opacity is not essential, as some transparency can help more-evenly distribute light.

60 Light shelves
05

Light shelves

Considerations

» Light shelves are most effective on the south side as shown below for various climates. Light shelves are not useful for light distribution on north side, but they do not substantially reduce illumination and may make views more comfortable by blocking sky glare.

0
61 Light shelves
6

Light shelves

Considerations

» A technique combining both features is a level light shelf with an inward sloping wedge added to the leading edge . This has the effect of pushing high angle sunlight more deeply into space.

0
62 Light shelves
6
Projecting light shelves also provide additional shading for the lower window. Light shelves are typically level; sloping them downward outside will make them more efficient as shading devices,
less efficient at distributing light
06 63 Light shelves
»
but
Light shelves Considerations
Light shelves Disadvantages 07 64 Light shelves They Increase maintenance requirements for the building . 05 You need to clean it regularly 06 Alternative solutions to light shelves include the use of blinds and louvre window systems! 04 They tend to be best-suited to mild rather than tropical or desert climates. 01 They can interfere with the installation of sprinkler systems. 02 They may require a higher floor-toceiling height. 03 » Some of the limitations or drawbacks of light shelves are as follows

Tips for Light Shelf Success

As a rule of thumb, the width of a light shelf should be the same as the height of the vertical glass above it and will bounce light a distance of roughly two and a half times that height.

For example, if there are 2 feet of vertical glazing above your light shelf when it’s installed, the light shelf should be 2 feet wide and you can assume it will bounce light 5 feet into the floorplate.

The color of the space impacts how far the light will reflect or be absorbed , Darker colors absorb light, whereas light colors reflect sunlight deeper into the floorplate. The size of the glazing matters; taller glazing is better for bouncing daylight into the space. The Visual Transmittance Value of the glass indicates how much pure daylight the window will allow to enter, so selecting a glass type that allows light to come in but blocks heat gain is ideal.

Tips for Light Shelf Success

Pairing the light shelves with daylight sensors that ramp down artificial lighting in response to the amount of daylight can reduce energy use in those spaces by 40-50% due to additional HVAC savings from the lighting system generating less heat. However, the only way to extract maximum energy savings from light shelves (or any energy efficiency measure, for that matter) is by incorporating holistic design concepts that consider every design feature and the building's system type.

The window-to-wall ratio and the size and placement of windows are very important; you want to make sure the light shelves are placed correctly. That could be inside or outside depending on your climate and where the building is located relative to sun angles Make the upper glazing area a minimum of 8% to 11% of the floor area to be daylit, and the surface of the light shelf and ceiling white in color. Make the floor to ceiling height of the space a minimum of 3 meters (9 ft.).

What is a sun tunnel…? Types of sun tunnels Sizes of sun tunnels Definition01 Sun Tunnel work 02 Advantages of Sun Tunnel 03 Will a sun tunnel let in as much natural light as a skylight? Disadvantages of Sun Tunnel 04 Sun Tunnels Herbarium JBB Case Study 05

sun Tunnels 01 Definition

What is the sun tunnel...?

A sun tunnel is a roof penetration that allows more natural light into your home.

▪ Sun tunnels don’t need direct sunlight to provide natural lighting to virtually any room in your house.

Sun tunnels 68

TypesofSunTunnels

Flexible tube Sun Tunnel Rigid tube Sun Tunnel Sun tunnels 69

sun Tunnels

What is flexible tube problem...?

Sun tunnels 70
Diameter of sun tunnels 15 to 22m2 10m2 250mm Perfect for rooms 10 to 15m2 350 - 450mm Perfect for rooms 550mm Diameter of sun tunnel Perfect for rooms SizesofSunTunnels Sun tunnels 71

sun Tunnels

sun tunnel work 02

A sun tunnel uses an acrylic dome to capture the light, magnify it, and then send it down the tube into the light diffuser.

Sun tunnels 72
sun Tunnels Advantages of sun tunnel 03 Contents Title Energy efficiency Energy Lower overall cost coast transmits much less heat energy Heat gain Easy installation process Installation Sun tunnels 73

sun Tunnels

Disadvantages of sun tunnel 04

Contents Title Can’t be opened Use
The
No view of the sky Sky view can easily be cracked when subjected to extremely hot or cold temperatures.
end facing material
Sun tunnels 74
Susceptible to damage in extreme temperatures Temperature impact

Sun Tunnel vs. skylight

Sun tunnel won’t let in as much light as a traditional skylight.

Sun tunnel

Will a sun tunnel let in as much natural light as a skylight?
75
skylight Sun tunnels
Herbarium JBB sun Tunnels Case Study 05
Location : 635 m² Area : 2017 Year : Sun tunnels 76
Juan
Manuel Hoyos Mora Architects : COLOMBIA

sun Tunnels

Case Study 05

Herbarium JBB

Sun tunnels 77

sun Tunnels Case Study 05

Herbarium JBB Sun tunnels 78

sun Tunnels

Sun tunnels 79
Reference: • Daylight in Buildings book • Advanced Daylight Technologies for sustainable Architecture Design • International Journal on: The Academic Research Community Publication / Modern Mashrabiyas with High-tech Daylight Responsive Systems • Building Skin and Shading Devices book • Evaluating Environmental Performance Of Mashrabiya book • Dissertation - Building Skin and Shading Devices book • AN EVALUATVE AND CRITICAL STUDYOF MASHRABIYAIN CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE /A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCES OF NEAR EAST UNIVERSITY -By HIBAALOTHMAN. • ىفاقث ثورومك ةيبرشملل ةرصاعملا تاقيبطتلا – ا .م. د . ىمويب ىلغرف نيفين ( ب ةفرخزلا مسقب دعاسم ذاتسأ ةيلك ناومح ةعماج ةيقيبطتلا نونفلا ) • https://slideplayer.com/slide/4740447/ • https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/Downloads/daylighting-c4.pdf

• https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/18/4618/htm

• https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Light_shelf

• https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Light_shelf

• https://www2.slideshare.net/bonnyshajuKOZHIKOTTU/daylight-factor-architecture

• https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Development-and-PerformanceEvaluation-of-Light-Lee-Park/d4cb73484b835c7add2c4c20d5712529b09f15d4

• https://planlux.net/sunlight-shading-redirecting-devices/

• https://www.buildings.com/articles/28274/how-light-shelves-maximize-daylighting

• https://www.billraganroofing.com/blog/need-know-sun-tunnel

• https://sunpipes4u.com/flexible-vs-rigid-sun-tunnels/

• https://www.theskylightcompany.co.uk/acatalog/A-Guide-to-Sun-Tunnels.html

• https://news.energysage.com/solar-tubes-vs-skylights/

• HTTPS://WWW.ARCHDAILY.COM/898686/HERBARIUM-JBB-JUAN-MANUELHOYOS-MORA

Reference:

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