STUDIO AIR Finalpagesfixed 531882 younhwalee JOURNAL by Yoona Youn Hwa Lee

STUDIO AIR 2013

STUDIO 2 0 1 3 SEMESTER 1 Youn Hwa Lee Youn Hwa Lee 531882

hjk

CASE FOR INNOVATION

INTRODUCING ME Hi I am Youn Hwa or as known as Yoona. I am 20 years old, third year student major in architecture. I was born in Republic of Korea and lived in a small city Christchurch in New Zealand for 5 years. I lived by the beach called Sumner for 2 years, where I still miss. However for better environment for my education, I have moved to Melbourne in 2009. When I was a child, my parents took me to lots of different countries such as United State, United Kingdom, Italy, France, China and many more. All of those experience influenced my perspective. I started to get interested in architecture when I first read an architecture megazine a few years ago. Later I found out it was the Villa Dall’avall by one of the masteres, Rem Koolhaas. Also fascinated by Zaha Hadid’s abstracted and curvy form. She broke my stereotypes of what architecture looks like. T, not only design purpose, continued my interest.. Not only design purpose, the idea of making spaces and making a house for certain purpose continued my interest of architecture.

KYUNG-BOK PALACE, SEOUL, 13 ad

rem koolhaas villa dall’ava

christchurch cathedral, christchurch, 19ad

MY PREVIOUS WORK

architecture as a discourse

Figure 1 Frank gehry, Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, 1997

“We are led to think about buildings as individual works of art.” 1 Architecture is not just simply designed building. They are considered to be suitable for the surrounding environment, space and movement of people, as architectural experience is composed with every senses. The design of facade reflect the social and culture of the period as well as the architect’s tectonic, “We expect them to be expressions of their time as well as of their individual creator.” (Williams, Architecture and Visual Culture:Definitions,Concepts,Contexts, p. 105) Either lots of ornaments or no ornaments, aesthetics exists. It is expected to be refined and stylish. Aesthetics on facade had been associated with architecture for centuries. Which means that as the country or community opens a new period, the revolution is adapted in architecture as well? Today the new innovation, the parametric design began in 21st century is still developing with computer softwares. Gateway Project has to be design considering all of these criteria to satisfy others. New technology creates new design. Experimenting constantly, moving forward step by step, to a new generation. Computer has become an important tool for architecture. It opens a wider range of design potential. Frank Gehry designed Bilbao Guggenheim Museum in Spain in 1997. It is enormous dynamic deconstruction architecture with layers of steel plates without any column. Gehry is well known for using aircraft modelling software, where he can find the system enables to transforming his design. In addition, he invented software with a new algorithm to take further of his design. ‘An algorithm is an unambiguous, precise systematically to a set of tokens or objects.’ 2 The Fig. 2 and 3 is a lady’s clothe shop in Hangzhou in China. The Romanticism Shop is by Japanese architects Keiichiro Sako and Takeshi Ishizaka of SAKO Architects. Keiichiro Sako said “The client asked me for a design that no one could copy...the clothes and the relationship between body and space.” 3 Reflecting on the clothes, they have clothed the facade, and around the walls. The organic net shape works as the ‘skin’of the architecture.

Williams, Richard ‘Architecture and Visual Culture: Definitions, Concepts, Contexts’, ed. by Mattew Rampley, Edin burgh University Press, 2005, p.105

The exterior of is more like a sculpture rather than an architecture. It is made out of steel frame and Titanium Sheathing. The Romanticism shop has an organic shape of the curve and circles that flows in front of the building. The facade certainly attracts people’s eyes as it sticks out. Also more like an art work. Architecture can be considered as a large piece of a complex sculpture. The aesthetic is as important as the function of the building. ‘the term architecture applies only to buildings designed with a view to aesthetic appeal... the good architect requires the sculptor’s and the painter’s modes of vision in addition to his own spatial imagination.’(Williams, Architecture and Visual Culture:Definitions,Conce pts,Contexts, p. 103)

Figure 2 The Romanticism Shop, Keiichiro Sako and Takeshi Ishizaka of SAKO Architects, Hangzhou, 2007

Mr Blunt, ‘An interview with keiichiro Sako (JP)’, in movingcities.org, < http://movingcities.org/interviews/ mr-blunt/> [accessed 13 March 2013]

Figure 3 The Romanticism Shop, Keiichiro Sako and Takeshi Ishizaka of SAKO Architects, Hangzhou, 2007

computational architecture

figure 5 ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2011, ICD and ITKE, University of Stuttgart,2011

“ The three steps of digital design processes are, First, shape is created and modified through digitize data and factor, then re-modified and shape is created due to architect’s intuition and finally adapting various digitalized codes presents a final model.”

In past 10 years, computation changed design tool for architects from basic design to final design, and in consequence it changed the process of design. Through pre-Renaissance to digitization, exploit process of design. From Ivan Sutherland’s Sketchpad in 1968, the first use of computer in architecture industry, to Rhino Grasshopper, computer has become an essential tool for architects. It changed how architects design, in form, style and how they progress. Computer-Aided Design programs do not only draw lines and geometries, they are now prerequisite in digital design. The process of digital design process can be divided in to three steps (Fig. 4). First, shape is created and modified through digitize data and factor, then re-modified and shape is created due to architect’s intuition and finally adapting various digitalized codes presents a final model. CAD certain is a revolutionary in architecture. The difference between art and architecture is that architecture requires aesthetic and function. It needs to consider other circumstances such as the environment of the site, space, movement, acoustics and so on. So the design in architecture takes in part of problem solving. “Problem analysis plays a major role in the process of design” 4 Following solver’s capability and solve them rationally. From simple shelter to skyscraper, design has developed and is still developing. Architects solve problems relating to mostly the environment of the site. To work out, architects needs to keep educating themselves to understand the problem and to solve them Figure 4 with most effective solution quickly. Three steps of designing digital architecture In pre-Renaissance only crafting existed. “Buildings, prior to the Renaissance, were constructed, not planned” 5 The constructed buildings were unplanned, undersigned or no models to follow, but instead a legion of professional craftsmen assigned from head to toe with every details under strict rules. Since Renaissance, architects commerce visualizing everything of the building before it started construction. Using such as scale drawings, job of architect transformed from technicians to designers.5 Afterward, scale models were introduced for people without architectural knowledge such clients, can understand and see how the building is going to be built. Communicating with plan and section drawings and models helped the builders to understand what the architect wants in graphics and numbers. Furthermore, they help the architects to find and fix errors. “Drawings and scale models allowed architect not only to communicate with the builders and their clients, but also to experiment with alternative design solutions and test them on paper for form and function before they were committed to stone. They allowed more people to become involved in the design process, and allowed the architects to develop more intricate designs.” 6 Since 1960s, Computer-Aided Design programs grew. Especially in past 10 years, design process of architecture had intimate relation with digital technology. Computer is a new necessary tool for designing architecture. As the use of computer increased, the development of programs expended. Computer, if correctly programmed, will never make a mistake such as mathematics, unless the users do. They are programmed to do thing faster and repeatedly. Human can do the same job but it takes longer and chance of error increases. Initially, computer

Figure 7 Digitalized and developed sea urchin

Initially, computer was designed to calculate mass equations for military use during World Wars and

now it is a device that process codes. Computer surely can Architects can now design complicated forms easily by throwing in codes for parameters and edit the result as they come through computer software in few seconds. This could mean architects need to be more creative and experimental. Much more complex algorithms with self-generation or self organization concept opened a new world of creativity for architecture.8 As it frees from physical restriction, architects can be as creative then ever. Due to limitless, it is significant to make a physical model to find problems and fix it before it is constructed and cost fortune. Representative of digital architecture is nonlinear. They are different from linear science, they can be understood inside non-linear paradigm, organism, complexity and new biology. The ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2011 (Fig.5) is by ICD and ITKE, in University of Stuttgart. It is a pavilion made up of polygonal plywood plates in overall shape of semi sphere with biome shape. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The project explores the architectural transfer of biological principles of the sea urchinâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s plate skeleton morphology by means of novel computer-based design and simulation methods, along with computer-controlled manufacturing methods for its building implementation.â&#x20AC;?9 It is an example of a model that started with the topic of sea morphology (Fig. 6) and developed a pattern on surface through process of computation (Fig. 7 and 8).

Figure 6 sea urchin

figure 8 ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2011, ICD and ITKE, University of Stuttgart,2011

figure 9 Sketch of disney concert hall, frank gehry 1999-03

figure 10 model of disney concert hall, frank gehry, 1999-03

“The project aims at integrating the performative capacity of biological structures into architectural design and at testing the resulting spatial and structural material-systems in full scale”9 The shapes and patterns are modified using algorithms, architect’s intuition changes over and over until it is satisfied using a software such as Rhino Grasshopper. Digital architecture goes through Digitize, Digital Processing and Digital Presentation. First, digitize an idea or a sketch through program then, develop design and present the final work. So step one, different codes and factors are thrown in to digitize, step two, generate and edit the form by the user to create their own shape and finally visualize. The works done by following those steps are automatically made by computer and have modifying system that needs to be controlled by users.10 As it mentioned in former chapter, Frank Gehrey used a software CATIA, primarily a 3D model design program for aircraft and cars. Gehrey and his team then have transferred the 3d model data into Computer Numeric Control Mill, which is a 3D printer.11

The difference between Gehry and ICD and ITKE is that Gehry would draw a sketch or make a sketch model before the digitalization. He would do a quick sketch (FIg. 9 and 10) and his workers would digitize the inspiration he finds from accidents, movements, momentary creating curve. Innovating consequence in design, architects have gained a new digital lab that broke construction limitation as well as software. With a new tool computer, the way of designing architecture changed considerably. However no matter how easily a complex shape is created, it is still architects who have make decisions and still design by modifying codes. The limitless of virtual world have caused more experimental design which broadened creativity.v

disney concert hall, los angeles, frank gehry, 1999-03

Yehuda E. Kalay, Architecture’s New Media : Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2004), p.1 5 Yehuda E. Kalay, Architecture’s New Media , p.8 6 Yehuda E. Kalay, Architecture’s New Media , p.9 7 S.J. Lee, A Comparative Study on the Architectural Design Process of Frank O. Gehry and Peter Eisenman After the Introduction of Digital Technology, (Department of Architecture & Architectural Engineering Graduate School Dankook University, 2002) p.22 8 S.J. Lee, A Comparative Study on the Architectural Design Process p.38 9 University of Stuggart, ‘ 2011 ICD Research Project’, in University of Stuggart, <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=6553> [ac4

parametric modelling

Galleria Centercity Facade in Cheonan was a project done by Ben van Berkel in UNStudio. Galleria department store has multifunctional facilities where customers can fulfill their luxury and causal shopping as well as cultural values. Ben van Berkel commented “ Social and semi-cultural meeting places” and the idea of the design is a propeller principle of fluent upstream flow of people. With four staked programmed zones, each thematically combine three storey.12 As mentioned in previous writing, Berkel have developed a pattern from the idea of propeller outcome of dynamic flow. Using 23,000 LED lights creates media facade. It is programmed to light various colour waves on the glaze of the facade as well as they can display any images or messages. They produced maximum media with minimum fixture. “The skin is articulated in a trompe l’oeuil pattern of vertical mullions making the building vertually scale-less as the structure provides no hint as to how many stories it contains.” 13 In the daytime the dynamic flow still appears on the exterior. (Fig. 11) As there are double layers for the exterior wall,(Fig.12) The outer and inner layer intercept and they are in an angle, set ups a wave. Interestingly, the view of the surface changes in different angle.

galeria centercity facade, cheonan, ben van berkel 2010

The aesthetic of the building would had been crucial in the progress of designing for the luxury and trendy look to reflect the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s purpose it was relevant to use parametric modeling as it is a new trend in architecture. The wavy pattern would have been designed with software using mathematical interfaces. By using this mathematics, Berkel would have been able to modify the intensity of the curve. figure 11 galeria centercity facade, cheonan, ben van berkel 2010 12

Galleria Centercity / UNStudio in arch daily, <http://app.lms.unimelb.edu.au/webapps/portal/ frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_5_1&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fb lackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCou rse%26id%3D2_ 62336_1%26url%3D> [access on 1 April 2013]

figure 12 detail of galeria centercity facade

figure 13 galeria centercity facade, cheonan, ben van berkel 2010

the eden project, cornwall, nicholas grimshaw, 2000

To attract visitors to former kaoliang mine in Cornwall, United Kingdom, the Eden project constructed under Nicholas Grimshaw. It is 22,000 meter square worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest indoor rain forest made in series of eight geodesic pattern dome linked together (Fig. 14). The recursion of transparent tessellate hexagon forms the spherical shape successfully in space and function.(Fig. 15) Patterns help the designers the new complexity imposed on them by parametric modeling.13 Arranging eight domes and modify the shape as they combine. The fitting in to the site commenced at very last stage, the mine was not evacuated until the late stage of the design process, because it is a parametric modeling, he was able to modify the shape easily.

figure 14 plan and section drawing of the eden project

Grimshaw used one of the modern materials that enable the greenhouse effect. Ethylene tetrachloroethylene as known as ETFE is a fluorine based plastic;15 it is designed to resist broad range of temperature change and durability of abrasion. It has a weakness of easily ripped, nonetheless it is transparent, has a high melting point and strong enough to resist weather. Compare to glass, they are much lighter and cheaper. It can be recycled so it is economically and environmentally efficient.

Woodbury, Robert (2010). Elements of Parametric Design (London: Routledge) pp.8 15

The Eden Project: The Biomes in Grimshaw, <http:// grimshaw-architects.com/project/the-eden-project-thebiomes/> [access on 1 April 2013]

figure 15 the eden project, cornwall, nicholas grimshaw, 2000

conclusion

Architecture is a solution of design. Contrasting from art is that arhitecture needs to reflect on habitat, communication, concept, technology, aesthetics and a lot more to consider. For Wyndaham Gateway Project we are using parametric programs to create a flashy eye catching, innovating gateway in a highway. From use of basic lines and geometries, computer softwares are now developed enough to be in a part of the design. The patterns and dynamic movement of parametric form certainly stands out from other ordinary building or installation. In the last decade, computers have become a fundamental tool in designing process of architecture. The increase of computer-aided design have changed how design progress. Run through CAD program that now creates by data and factors, and adjust them until the architect is satisfied. The virtual world opened a new door for designersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; creativity as there is no limitation. Also 3D printing is available by using 3D modeling programs. Without exception, the Wyndaham Gateway Project will go through the same procedure. First, find a topic and parametric shape that interests me and develop in to a design model that gratifies the conditions required from the client in this case the judges.

The new exploratory design parametric design is the new format in architecture. It is not just a temporary style; it has now become one of the design processes. Parametric is a tool to capture design decision in â&#x20AC;&#x153; an explicit, auditable, editable and re-executable formâ&#x20AC;? By using mathematic interface, shapes and patterns are formed and architect make adjustments to the formula to change the shape. The key idea of parametric modeling is to revise the codes. In our case, we would change the components or number of the number slide to manipulate the intensity, size and shape.

lerning outcome

Parametric modeling, grasshopper, algorithm and tesselation, in past 4 weeks, I believe I have learned more than ever about parametric design. I have used rhino for the previous course Virtual Environment. However I did not use them ever since first year, because I felt more comfortable with Auto CAD and Google Sketchup. I have wondered before how that kind of pattern is is formed? And how do they make such a complex form that does not seem like itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s possible. From first class, the questions were answered. It was very surprising to me that they are made up by codes and scripts Grasshopper was very new for me. I am not accustomed plugging in the components instead of doing it straight on Rhino. If I knew how to use Grasshopper, I defiantly would have used for making patterns and skeleton form in my previous design studio. Parametric modeling is a new architecture style, and since I am the new generation of architect (If I become an architect) or designer, I know that this course is going to help me a lot for next decades or so on. Again I felt that the time management is very important for studio subjects but especially Studio Air, I need to constantly experiment with grasshopper because knowing more commands will support my design. I have also learned how to use Adobe InDesign, I always used Microsoft Power point or Adobe Photoshop for my portfolios but since it needs like hundred pages, I found InDesign really useful. I am looking forward what I am going to learn and what I will be capable of doing in after few weeks.

EXPLODING THE DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT LOFTING AND STATE CAPTURE

TRIANGULATION ALGORITHMS

Mesh Geometry

Vector Fundamentals

The Single, the Multiple, and the Many

expression of interest journal

hjk

design focus

eye of Butterfly

Figure 16 microscopic Eye of butterfly on monitor MIT Laboratory

Biomimicry is literally mimicing nature. It is design learning from the work of God. It can be brought to design and solve problems in shape, function and system. To illustrate, the university of MAssachusetts Institute of Technology have developed how butterfly’s eye have a structure that blocks light reflect on a surface. (Fig. 16) “Biomimetics brings in a whole different set of tools and ideas you wouldn’t otherwise have,” says materials scientist Michael Rubner of MIT.16 Michael Rubner Nature has provieded endless influence to human how to express beauty and experience. When we think of organic form, we think of curved from. It is because nature contains lots of complex curve elements, in order to process of continuous movements. In the design process of biomimicry, we take the design motif, create a pattern and produce final design. We believe biobibicry can fulfil the needs of Wyndham City Gateway Project. Coral a great subject for expressing curiosity and creativity as it has interesting structure and beauty. It has an asthetic value of sculpture found in the ocean. There are many types of corals such as brain coral (Fig. 17), tree coral (Fig. 18), star coral (Fig. 19) and many more. As many people including I, thinks corall is a plant but actually coral is an animal. They lay eggs and eat microorganisms or small fishes with polyps. Coral is formed with several polyps PIC which is Latin word for “many legs”. They are cnidaria where mouths are placed on the centre and surrounded by crown shaped tentacles.17 They flaunt various colours and it is they corals are called flowers of the ocean. National Geographic, Biomimetics,” Tom Mueller, Last updated April 2008, http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/04/biomimetics/tom-mueller-text, 17 Yim, Da-Hye, A Study on the Expression of Images of the Sea, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Korea, 2009 16 “

Figure 17 Brain coral

various colourful corals

Figure 18 tree coral

Figure 19 star coral

Figure 20 close up of polyp on coral

The Wyndham City Gateway project is placed on Prices Freeway in Warribee which is going to be a gateway for Wyndham, it is an entrance for the Wyndham. It would be a symbol of Wyndham as it becomes the gate of the city. The final design need to be something that the locals feel pride in, that can represent themselves, community and dynamic form to keep peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s interest. They are seeking for a exciting, eye catching installation for the local people and travellers going pass. As Wyndham is a small city, unfamiliar to many people, they have a desire to express their presence, expand and grow into a bigger community. It is our task to produce a sensational design to spread the reputation of Wyndham. The colourful appearance of coral catch peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s eye, people are moved and suprised by the beauty of nature. It became one of the reason why corals are suitable for the Wyndham ciry gateway project requires eye chatching and exciting gateway. As the dynamic curve of the branches that sway through the ocean wave gives us a sense of flexibility and organic form as natural is about how they transform harmoniously together. Our group have decided to focus of tree like corals and use the idea of how corals grow with geometric pattern of polyp. As corals have symbiosis relationship with tidal current as they need sun lights to develop nutritians and grow, it connects with the idea of growth of Wyndham city. How corals sprawl toward the light to grow is like how Wyndham city growing to live. In our idea, Melbourne is the sun and Wyndham is the structure of the coral where hundreds of polyps live on. (Fig. 20) The polyps symbolize the residents of Wyndham. Polyps produce calcium for coral to grow and increase of population means growth of city. The city grows toward Melbourne CBD to get bigger and stronger community as Melbourne is city centred. In addition, corals obsorb half of carbondioxide under the sea, which plays an important role of sustaining environment and keeping Earth healthy. It implies a wish for the Wyndham city to become a essential city to Melbourne.

Melbourne CBD

Wyndham City

princes highway

growing toward CBD

diagram of connection of highways with wyndham and melbourne cbd

case study 1.0

basic geometry

structure

structure with fractal

with out pattern

with pattern

fractal skeleton

Figure 21 process of the morning line

Aranda and Lasch- The Morning Line

benjamin aranda and chris lasch

figure 22 the morning line, mattew ritchie, aranda, lasch and arup agu, Österreich , 2007

The precedent for case study 1.0, our group has chosen is The Morning Line by Aranda and Lasch. They are parametric designers, they design furniture, objects and buildings. They use algorithms that grow and develop the structure. In the interviewed of Benjamin Aranda and Chris Lasch, they said “We have a fascination with a systems and particularly fascinated with modular systems.“ They have a certain system that creates a infinite alternatives. The fractal geometries are created through subdivision then use them to design a continuous fractal pattern across the structure.. The Morning Line was installed outside the Thyssen-Bornemisza Art Contemporary. (Fig.22) Built by Mattew Ritchie, Aranda, Lasch and Arup AGU. It is a public art structure 8 meters high and 20 meters long constructed with black-coated aluminium. Interesting exploration they did was installing 50 speakers playing interactive ambisonic sound system conceived by Music Research Centre of York University The design process of The Morning Line seemed like a difficult process, however it is an interesting project.(Fig.21) The dynamic work of the curves and basic structure. With the basic geometry bezier span splines imprinted on each faces., They formed a structure where the geometries mirror themselves the create circular shapes. Fractal geometries were added to the corners of the geometries. Finally, Aranda and Lasch took out the geometry structure, which only leaves pattern planes which creates an interesting effect of tangled complex installation. “Building Awe-Inducing Crystalline Structures”, TheCreatorsProject, Youtube, last modified14 March 2013, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6KoTNt2W _ ]Y

“The Morning Line Launches in Istanbul” ARTPULSE, , last modified 22 May 2010, http://artpulsemagazine.com/the-morning-line-launches-in-istanbul

Case study 1.0 MAtrix Top view

Fractal Tetrahedral

Bezier Span

Two Bezier Span

Three Bezier Span

lofted but failed

Offsetting bezier span

Case study 1.0 MAtrix result

Our group have explored the fractal geometry, bezier span and face to face structure. We used tetrahedron. Just with one tetrahedron, I have explored the continuous patterning with bezier spans on the face. By setting the vector, bezier span to towards the center of the face and connects to other points. Used jitter component which shuffles the seed to generate a random values of list to create different shapes of the span. I have picked 4 shapes that I like and successful. Because of the random shuffle of list by jitter, it is hard to control the bezier span. Some of them are not successful as some curves are not connected to the point. Also by having two and three spans generated on each edges. In order to make the bezier spans in planar surface, I have tried trim, boolean, trace and others. However none of them were successful. Later, I lofted them manually which did not really work and not a very efficient way to process. Have not figured not yet to create the structure having basic geometries mirrored on faces by using algorithms. Therefore we mirrored them manually on Rhino.

further developement

hoopsnake

tetrahedron

scale trimmed tetrahedron

In intending to create more interesting geometries for the base, I have ran the fractal algorithm in the tetrahedron that has developed in case study 2.0. The framed tetrahedron created some interesting geometries. We both agreed that the bottom three tetrahedrons on the image on the right, is very interesting. However it needs more development of clearing out weather it is going to be able to fabricate or not.

bezier span on structure

bezier span only

curves to pipe

error

Using a grasshopper plug-in hoopsnake, we were able to generate the geometries along a curve. As we are going to have larger structure in the future, it certainly is more logical to an algorithm. Further development of creating a surface of bezier spans on the faces, I have tried to transform them into pipes rather than making them into plane surfaces. It worked in a way that the curves are now pipes, nonetheless the ends of curves were not connected which intercepted each other and not smooth generated pipes. It could possibly develop into working pipes or find other ways to make it into planar surfaces.

Figure 23 Window installation, lava, 2009

LAVA - Window installation

Case study 2.0

The variation of sizes give a sense of organic growth instead of having uniform geometries. It adds more dynamic overall form which is what we need for the Wyndham city Gateway project. And the chuck of units and decreasing the ‘chunkness’ would be suitable for branches that are going to be reaching out towards Melbourne on the final design. As nature, sizes are never the same, nonlinear and nonuniform describes what organFigure 24 Window installation, lava, 2009 isms are. As our idea is about ‘growth’, our intend for the whole structure is going to be like have a trunk on Wyndham city side and gradually decrease in size and density of the basic components. to give the drivers a sense of spreading out towards to north. In opposite, the drivers on Princes highway, who are coming from Melbourne CBD and towards Wyndham, experience where the diffused little branches connect into one strong trunk. It would give impressions of one community, Figure 25 close up of window installation family, unite and more. In addition, use of the lights could create interesting effects on the gateway project. As the holes will intriguing The precedent for case study 2.0 is the window shadows, we explored how to punch patterns installation for a department store of la Rinascente’s on the polygon surface. Piazza Duomo in Milan.(Fig. 23 and 24) It is a parametric installation project by Chris Bosse of Laboratory 20 “LAVA’s Digital Origami at La Rinascente in for Visionary Architecture, LAVA. LAVA used interesting Milan“ Admin eVolo, Last updated 23 Novemwork of light use. The purple and pink color gives a ber 2010 http://www.evolo.us/architecture/ mystic feeling for people to dream. Like us, he used lava%E2%80%99s-digital-origami-at-la-rinacoral but coral reef as his biomimicry subject. It is made scente-in-milan/ out of 1500 modules made out of cardboards that are recycled and recyclable. 20 Bosse used dodecahedron for the basic geometry of the structure as coral polyps of coral are pentagon or hexagon shaped. Different to Aranda Lasch’s Morning Line, he off set the face and trim them off. It gives a simple and coral like shape. The structure is form in big chunks rather than in strips. To give diversity, every

Case study 2.0 matrix tetrahedron

octahedron

dodecahedron

icosahedron

Experimenting offsetting and trimming the polygon surfaces was successful. Explode the faces of each form and scale them down toward the centre of the face. Then get rid of the scaled part so we can create an opening. We have tried on various multiple sided polygons such as dodecahedron, icosahedron and octahedron. Created a matrix of different size of the frame of every 3 dimentional polygons mentioned above by expanding the size of the hole in 10%, 30%, 50% 70% and 90% of the size of the face. We have ranged the proportion of the hollow in 20% to show the clear difference. From the earlier experimentations, we have decided that pyramid shapes are not as interesting as dodecahedron or icosahedron. Since the how each units of coral are shaped in neither pentagon or hexagon. Also to proceed the process of hoopsnake, those two polyhedron

technique: development pattern developement

algorithms used in grasshopper

Using the idea of punching out patterns from LAVAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s window installation, we have developed 3 patterns to try out to see how custom made holes would look like. Based on the geometry of coral polyps and applying a rule of fractal, those three patterns were created. By orienting the pattern on every each surfaces and trimming them out, made interesting. As coral polyps have multiple tentacles surrounding the mouth in the centre, the patterns we created could be interesting when it comes to using the effect of the shadow, and recreation of pattern due to the overlap of the holes. Yet, it had organic sense but not really look like corals and became too geometric.

technique: prototype

To make physical models, it required the 3 dimensional model to be in 2 dimensional. And since it is face to face, we have decided to glue one dodecahedron by one. By using unroll command, unrolled one dodecahedron and separated the strips so we could create tabs. Afterward, the files were sent to fablab using card cutter on 1mm cardboard. We have chosen to use cardboard because we need to fold them. After cut them on to cardboards, our group made it by cutting out the pattern and fold and glue the tabs together to make the polyhedron.

technique: proposal

magnets As our design is motion based, we wanted to have more flexibility in our model as well as in 3D model software. As we use grasshopper, the structure can change and adapt in infinite variation. However we used glue to fix the structure, then we came up with the idea of using magnet power. Cause of the expense, we have only created two prototype dodecahedron but if we have more and get stronger magnet, it can lead to self generating structure as the magnets attract each other edge to edge automatically as we have them close enough. As it is a motion base, it would be interesting to process of attaching such as throwing, rolling, dropping and more.

The the Gateway project is on Prince highway the road, to Wyndham, the only people will see and experience will be the people in the car moving 80 kilometers per hour. We want them to feel the atmosphere of drawing them into a new world. The users would see the structure in distance and would be amazed with the shadows shown on them as they enter under the gate. We are thinking of having almost surface like form toward Wyndham and grow out in fractal toward the city. As Wyndham city is a growing city, we adapted the idea of growth using coral as biomimicry. The change in scale, size and density will indicate the sense of grow in our design.

photomontage

reference

National Geographic, Biomimetics, Tom Mueller, 2007, http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/04/biomimetics/tom-mueller-text, accessed 5 May 2013 Yim, Da-Hye, A Study on the Expression of Images of the Sea, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Korea, 2009 “Building Awe-Inducing Crystalline Structures”, TheCreatorsProject, Youtube, last modified14 March 2013, http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6KoTNt2W _ ]Y

PROJECT PROPOSAL

STRUCTURE design theory sun

Nutrition wyndham city melbourne cbd

coral figure 26 growing relation

The relationship between art and nature existed since ancient Greece. Greek had mimesis concept, they though art is mimicking or describing nature. 21 As sunlight is essential for coral to grow, we have considered Melbourne CBD as the sun and Wyndham as a coral meaning people coming from the centre of Melbourne are the nutrition. (Fig 26) Impression of growth was our goal in our design. Mimicking how corals grow out and capturing the moment of the grow into an image and use it as a design and structural solution. (Fig 28,29 and 30) We used the curve (Fig 29) to use it as a path for our tetrahedron design to mirror face to face and create the whole structure.(Fig 31) We have looked at how corals and polyps on coral grow and how it glows in the dark. Aristolle said “Art not only imitates nature, but also completes its deficiencies.”22 Even we are ‘mimicking’ nature, it is not actually reproducing exactly same, it is to represent the target through stylization. Every nature grows. Trees, bird, flower and even us human constantly grows since their birth till death. All of us grow in certain shape or structure, such as flowers grow from seed, sprout, stem flower and die. (Fig 32)

Park Jeong-Hye, A Study on the Jewellery Expressing the growing – image of plants – Focusing on the Application of the Fabric Material, Graduate school of Kookmin University, 2009, p.15 21

Park Jeong-Hye, A Study on the Jewellery Expressing the growing, 2009, p.15

figure 27 coral figurefractal 27 coralbranch fractal branch

figure 28 coral polyps

figure 29 structure curve

figure 30 final design

figure 31 tetrahedron mirroring

figure 32 sprouts growing

Figure 33 mandelbrot set

Figure 34 jul

Figure 35 tree fractal

Figure 36 coral branch

Figure 37 coral bra

Fractal is originated from work ‘fractals’, meaning broken pieces. 24 It was made by Benoit Mandelbrot to express the irregular pattern of math and nature. (Fig 33 and 34). We adapted fractal rule in process the curve of whole structure as well as arranging scaled structure growing out. The branches of corals are fractal as well. (Fig. 36 and 37) The trunk breaks into smaller branches and they divide into smaller branches.(Fig. 35) The reason behind this fractal rule in growing branch is that it needs to spread the nutrition evenly. 25

lia set

process of mirrored and scaled tetrahedron

In our design, we have used fractal. As our design theme is biomimicry and grow of coral, we have looked over how fractal works on nature. It is an algorithm that can be found easily in nature. In clouds, tree branches, sea line and others, have repeating structure in different degree of enlargement, which is called self-affinity or self similarity. 23

Choi, Im-Su, Analysis of Machined Surface using Fractal Dimesion, Graduate School of Pusan National University, 1997, p.4

Ryu, Jee-Yon, A Study of Environmental Design Applied by Fractal Geometry’s Modeling Principle - Centered on city park, Graduate School of Ewha Womens University, 2001, p.8 24

Ryu, Jee-Yon, A Study of Environmental Design Applied by Fractal Geometry’s Modeling Principle Centered on city park, p.17 25

nch

top view

fianl structure

The smaller components are mirrored on the bigger tetrahedron as if it is growing out. They are oriented on corners of pentagon face and we have generated it randomly as nature does not grow uniform.

The result of emphasising on growth, so we had the structure starting with chunk of tetrahedrons and gradually spreading out toward and created more little fractal polyhedrons attached face to face and increased the number toward the Melbourne CBD to really give this growing atmosphere.

perspective view

entrance view

patterning

PENTAGON TETRAHEDRON

UNROLLED TETRAHEDRON

figure 38 coral polyp

EXTRUDE PIPES FROM VERTICES TOWARDS THE CENTER

Since the last attempt of using coral to create patterns on the faces of each tetrahedron, we decided to give more dynamic shape rather than just printing patterns on it. As polyp protrude, I tried to extrude the form and create an opening. (Fig. 38) First I tried it on the unrolled surface to make it easy to see. (Fig 39) After I have created the definition, I have used the same algorithm on tetrahedron. (Fig 40)

SCALED PENTAGON EXTRUDE PIPES

figure 39 definition applied on unrolled surface

figure 40 SCALED FACE EXTRUDE IN AND OUT APPLIED ON TETRAHEDRON

Pentagon surface

Scaled and trimmed

Extruded scaled pentagon

Create surface between trimmed pentagon and extruded

SCALED FACE EXTRUED IN AND OUT APPLIED ON polygon surface

After a discussion, we have decided to use this technique on planar surface rather than pipes as it gives more sense of coral. The opening shapes were attained from the polyps of coral. Creating this â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;mouthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; opening varies to give more diversity in the design. Also we varied the thickness of the frames of tetrahedron so it gets thinner as it gets further away from the trunk. (Fig. 41)

Thinner frame on Melbourne city side

Thicker frame on Wyndham city side

figure 41 Algorithm aPPLIED ON TETRAHEDRON

grasshopper definition for scaled and extrueded tetrahedron

joint holes and patterning

CLUSTER ON FAKE HOLE

CLUSTER ON SECOND JOINT HOLE

figure 42 coral polyp

HOLES ON HOLES ON TETIARY STRUCTURE SECONDARY STRUCTURE

HOLES ON PRIMARY STRUCTURE

MORE HOLES ON PRIMARY STRUCTURE

figure 43 joint holes punched out on tetrahedron

figure 44 1:25 detail model Developed more patterns on the frame as it looked bit simple. However, our intent was to relate the pattern holes with construction joint holes. We really did not want to show bolts or construction elements on outside. Also our design is motion based structure, we wanted to have a flexibility of making it. Like Lego blocks, we wanted to plug it in and out. Again, mimicking coral, we punched holes on it.

1:25 detail joint

figure 45 click in joints

As the outside skin of polyp creates lines that are pointing toward the centre. (Fig. 42) Therefore, created rectangle holes on each corners of every face so it can be clicked in using the click in joint. (Fig. 43) Also more holes were created on the primary tetrahedron to make it look interesting as well as move closer to coral look.(Fig. 44) In our 1 to 25 detail model, we have created several different joint as we have to find the right thickness so it is thick enough to not break and thin enough to flexible. We have found the one that works however, the arms of the joint were not thick enough to be firm. (Fig. 45) I believe if we can find the right thickness, it will be very sturdy. (Fig. 46)

figure 46 1:25 detail model plugged in with joint

structure joint

FACE PANEL STEEL

MOUTH LUMINOUS PANEL AND STEEL FRAME

STEEL JOINT TO CONNECT FACES TOGETHER

CLICK!

CLICK! JOINT

JOINT

HALF CUT TERTIARY STRUCTURE

STEEL STRUCTURE BOLT IN

HALF CUT SECONDARY STRUCTURE

Steel and frost glass are the material for the final design. Everything except the mouth is going to be steel. Material that is easy to get, make and strong to hold everything together. As we are going to use lighting, glowing out from the mouth, we found that it is more interesting to have it as translucence, but frosted or non-reflecting glass as we do not want to disturb the drivers on the highway. The mouth and faces will be fixed with bolts. We will need to ask an engineer to either make the right click in joint or just have to screw it to affix tetrahedrons.

HALF CUT PRIMARY STRUCTURE

site plan

SITE PLAN

section detail on footing

We placed out design on the road that is heading to Melbourne. So the drivers would get overwhelming experience under the gateway and see the structure is growing toward Melbourne. As some of the tetrahedrons are touching or under the ground, we have decided to use those to hold the whole structure.. Due to the weight and design, we chosen pile footings.

SECTION DRAWING OF FOOTING

FURTHER MORE WITH FRAME

MOUTH ONLY

WITH FRAME

MOUTH ONLY

To make it more interesting, we have differed the center point for the ‘mouth’ extrudes. So some are them are pointing down, up or middle of tetrahedron. Also the length of each mouth are different as well.

LIGHTING

luminous coral

From the start, me and my partner wanted to do some interesting lighting. Our initial idea was to use solar panel to absorb the energy and light them at night. However, as we were researching about coral, we found that some corals are luminous and they glow in the dark. It was not that long ago that luminous corals exist. As well as light is essential for coral to live, they absorb the sunlight and emits the energy by glowing. 27 But due to the amount of light that glow in the dark panels are not as bright, it might be better to use led lights due to safety reasons. Or to use solar panel and led which has same technique.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Scientist Anya Salih on Corals and Fluorescenceâ&#x20AC;? AMNHorg, Youtube, last modified 22th of June 2012, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QvlMfs_ CmIw 26

1:50 model

rendering image

aging

To express this idea of grow and change in time, we have chosen to use steel that corrode on the surface overtime as they are exposed to weather, and adjust the intensity so it does not effect on any structural performance. (Fig 47) The brand new steel material would be clean and fresh like a young city and it the city grow and gets older, the steel rusts which gives aging sense as time goes. It relates to the color of coral bleaching that occurs after their death. 27

new steel

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bleachingâ&#x20AC;?, Veron, J.E.N AIMS, http://coral. aims.gov.au/info/bleaching.jsp

rusted steel

process of corroding over time

perspective view rendering

model making

65 pages unrolled

card cutter cutting out unrolled pages We unrolled our design by one by on tetrahedron, as all of each tetrahedron had different length of frame and mouth. We drew tabs and organized in 900x600mm rectangles. As we are using tab, we decided to use cardboard with card cutter. At the end, we found that there were about 60 pages to print. We tried to one, and we found that the scale was wrong. So at the end there were around 25 pages to print. However, due to lack of time and a labor shortage, we decided to make 10 pages picked from 3d model to choose which ones to make. And we replaced secondary and tertiary structure with a polystyrene ball. polystyrene ball

1:50 model

1:50 in the dark

glow-in-the dark paint Since we could not make the whole model, we replaced the structure with wires. Putting them by one by one through wire, our model was made. After the completion, we painted glow-in-the-dark paints on mouth, secondary and tertiary components.

1:50 final model

1:25 detail model

learning outcome

coral

I believe that I have learnt the most in studio air compare to other design subjects. I have used rhino from virtual environment, but grasshopper was mind blowing. I had never known that this is how parametric designs are made. Also I barely knew what parametric is and how it looks like. Learning about the relation between computer and architecture design, algorithms used in design were all very new to me. I did use computer software to design, but I preferred hand drawing. As the design is made through virtual world, I have experienced the vague sense of scale. At the end, weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve managed to fix it but it was still bit too big. Struggling for 12 weeks of grasshopper I feel comfortable working with grasshopper. I am still insufficient, but through many experiences on grasshopper, when I see the parametric design, I see the grasshopper definition on my head. Before learning Studio Air, I would never have an idea to create a parametric design. Now I am ready to use it in my design projects.

Parametric model Interestingly, I have used fractal in my Virtual Environment design. From that influence, I have used it again in our design. I have developed further from the first year project and still find it fascinating and willing to develop further in future.

final model of virtual environment design

Our group, WY Studio is formed with me and William Chen. He had been my good friend for almost 5 years now. We went to same high school together but never had a chance to be in the same class. And finally in our final year, we have managed to be in the same studio. As working with only one member, we felt the importance of one more labor strongly. Physically and mentally, it was a tough subject (I even had grasshopper nightmares..) but I have enjoyed it very much.

However seeing other groups, it is not that good to have many people in their group, as lack of communication and lots of conflicts happening through design process. Also it is important to choosing the group member. Group work creates a sense of responsibility as I felt that if my partner is working, I have to work as hard to keep the group working. Overall, I am glad to be in my group and satisfied with our design.

REFERENCE

National Geographic, Biomimetics, Tom Mueller, 2007, http://ngm.nationalgeographic. com/2008/04/biomimetics/tom-mueller-text, accessed 5 May 2013 Yim, Da-Hye, A Study on the Expression of Images of the Sea, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Korea, 2009 “Building Awe-Inducing Crystalline Structures”, TheCreatorsProject, Youtube, last modified14 March 2013, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6KoTNt2W _ ]Y

“The Morning Line Launches in Istanbul” ARTPULSE, , last modified 22 May 2010, http:// artpulsemagazine.com/the-morning-line-launches-in-istanbul LAVA’s Digital Origami at La Rinascente in Milan“ Admin eVolo, Last updated 23 November 2010 http://www.evolo.us/architecture/lava%E2%80%99s-digital-origami-at-larinascente-in-milan/ “Scientist Anya Salih on Corals and Fluorescence” AMNHorg, Youtube, last modified 22th of June 2012, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QvlMfsC _ mIw Ryu, Jee-Yon, A Study of Environmental Design Applied by Fractal Geometry’s Modeling Principle - Centered on city park, Graduate School of Ewha Womens University, 2001 Choi, Im-Su, Analysis of Machined Surface using Fractal Dimesion, Graduate School of Pusan National University, 1997 Park Jeong-Hye, A Study on the Jewellery Expressing the growing – image of plants – Focusing on the Application of the Fabric Material, Graduate school of Kookmin University, 2009 Veron, J.E.N, “Bleaching”, AIMS, http://coral.aims.gov.au/info/bleaching.jsp