5 Things About Colon Cancer

In consultation with Dr Surendra Kumar Mantoo, Senior Consultant, General Surgery, KTPH

Colon cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in Singapore among those aged 50 and above. However, younger adults can get it, too. Here’s what you need to know to about this alarming trend.

1. COLON CANCER CAN HAPPEN IN YOUNGER ADULTS

While it most often affects people aged 50 years and above, colon cancer can also occur at a younger age. At KTPH, patients below 50 years of age constitute 12% of all patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Extrapolate this to the 2,000 new colorectal cancer cases being diagnosed every year in Singapore, and it is estimated that about 240 patients under 50 are diagnosed with colon cancer annually.

2. STAY ACTIVE AND EAT HEALTHY

Smoking and being overweight and physically inactive increase the risk of getting colorectal cancer at any age. Diets high in red (beef, pork or lamb) and processed meats (hot dogs and some luncheon meats), and heavy alcohol consumption are also associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Eat a healthy, plant-focused diet, and engage in moderate physical activity at least 30 minutes every day. These habits are helpful in promoting good health, preventing cancers, and reducing the risk of other chronic diseases.

3. KNOW YOUR FAMILY HISTORY

Having colorectal cancer in the family increases the risk of getting it. About 5–10% of people who develop colorectal cancer have inherited gene defects that can cause familial cancer symptoms and lead to them getting the disease. In general, colorectal cancer screening should begin at the age of 50 for people at average risk; but if you have a family history of colorectal polyps and cancers, Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, start screening for colorectal cancer earlier.

4. BE SERIOUS ABOUT SYMPTOMS; YOUNGER-ONSET COLON CANCER OFTEN GOES UNDETECTED

Evidence shows that colorectal cancer in younger people tends to be more advanced as the symptoms are dismissed for a non-specific disease. This means it is important to be on the lookout for common symptoms of colorectal cancer, such as rectal bleeding, change in bowel habits, unintentional weight loss, and abdominal pains. Not all symptoms point to cancer, but it is important to find a cause. Early consultation with a doctor and tests such as a colonoscopy can pick up colorectal polyps, which can be removed to prevent cancer. When diagnosed at an early stage, colorectal cancer has a higher chance of cure.

5. THE GLOBAL TREND OF YOUNGER-ONSET COLON CANCER MAY RISE

An American-based study shows that, if current trends persist — by 2030 — the incidence rate of newly diagnosed patients aged 20 and 34 will almost double and will increase by 46% among people aged 35–49. Singapore may see a similar trend if steps are not taken to address the issue.