BASED Design Method
BASED An Architectural Design Method The method is primarily a means of resolving a conflict that exists between logical analysis and creative thought. Christopher Jones
B
A
S
E
D
Briefing
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Design
Problem
Program
Solutions
Priorities
Drawings
Definitions
Site
Creativity
Grading
Final Models
Needs
Goals
Form & Space
Communication
Reports
Context
Performance
Parti - Concept
Feedback
Computer App.
Program
Concepts
Selection
Presentation
Site
Alternatives
Schematic Design
Optimization
Communication
Study Models
Steps of the BASED Design Process • Briefing • Site selection, Program formulation, Data collection, Examples, ...
• Analysis • Design and Project Data analysis • Identification of Objectives
• Synthesis • Formulation of Concepts and Alternatives • Communication of Concepts
• Evaluation • Review of Alternatives • Selection of one alternative
• Design • Design details • Communication media
Design Design Process The design process works with information and ideas simultaneously on many levels. Designing is a reciprocal action and reflection. Concept
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Design
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Details
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Design Vision Vision (s) Value (s)
Concept(s) Idea(s) Solution(s)
Problem(s) Identification
Design Process Linear Quality
Analysis Synthesis Evaluation Non-linear Qualities Flashes of insight … Creative leaps
DESCRIPTIVE REPRESENTATION OF A DESIGN PROCESS
Design Process
Architectural Design Variables
Need
Context
Form
The Architectural Design Problem has Three Main Variables:
NEED - CONTEXT - FORM
1. Need
Space Requirements Relationships Priorities Processes Objectives Maintenance Access Equipment Environment …..
PROGRAMMING
1. Need Programming Programming the requirements of a proposed Building is the architect’s first task, often the most important.
Programming concerns 5 steps: 1. Establish Goals 2. Collect and analyze Facts 3. Uncover and test Concepts 4. Determine Needs
5. State the Problem William Pena, “Problem Seeking”
1. Need Design Data An important activity in the beginning of the design process is the collection of relevant design data and examples.
2. Context
• Site • Zoning
• Services • Macro Climate • Micro Climate
• Adjacent Buildings • Geographical Factors • Vehicular Access
3. Form
• Zoning • Circulation
• Structure • Enclosure • Construction Type
• Construction Process • Energy • Climate Control • Image
3. Form Space and Order
Scale and Proportion
3. Form Volume and Composition
Unity and Diversity Mass and Balance
Context N
Climate Summer Spring/Fall Winter
Sun
Wind
Temerature
Context Site Analysis The selection of site is a very important and sensitive task. It affects the success of the project. Site features include macro and microclimates, topography, natural circulation, views and landscaping elements such as trees, bushes, rocks, or water.
2. Context Site Analysis The site analysis can be further extended taking into account program area needs to explore some preliminary alternatives for building massing.
Site Analysis
Design phases of architectural design
Site analysis is treated as distinct phase probably because it involves on-site activity in real projects.
In contrast to the pre-design stage, schematic design phase is a problem solving stage in this phase. What is called ‘creative part’ usually refers to the schematic design phase where main concepts of form and space are generated.
Program & Site The site and the program should be "right for each other“! SITE PROGRAM
Programming The architectural design programs are usually complicated. We are going to use here a small and simple program of a small house or chalet containing the following spaces:
Entrance
5 m2
Living/Dining Space
40 m2
2 Bedrooms
25 m2 each
Kitchen
10 m2
Bathroom
8 m2
1. Need Program Analysis
Living/Dining Bedroom Ent.
Bath
Kitchen
Bedroom
Programming Develop space allocation – A graphic chart or block diagram makes space allocations visually accessible.
Programming Prepare adjacency studies • The relationship of spaces is studied and charted using matrix charts, link-value charts, and bubble diagrams.
Adjacency Diagram
Programming The Bubble Diagram
Relationships Diagrams
Programming
Relationship Diagram
Programming Program Analysis – Words and numbers graphic terms, charts, bubble diagrams, and sketches of design concepts – Be actively involved in the program and spend time confirming it
Program Analysis
Circulation Circulation, patterns of movement, is one of the most important aspects of design because it affects the human experience of space and place. The needs of special groups should be considered especially while designing public buildings.
Social and Cultural Variables Patterns of behavior are different from country to country and among people of same country according to social and cultural backgrounds. The meaning and use of spaces in western countries is different than in Eastern and Middle Eastern countries.
Social and Cultural Variables Spaces are not understood and used the same way by all people. In order to satisfy the end users of buildings, design should meet the specific needs of people such as: space configuration, use, form, orientation, control, privacy, etc.
Design Develop preliminary design – This is the most in the design process.
– Creativity, comes into play and the efforts to find approaches that will be original, aesthetically satisfying, valid solutions to the problems defined through programming.
From Bubbles to Areas
Design – Even experienced and highly skilled designers often find it difficult how this aspect of the design process works. – They will say that they “think about “the problem until they are “hit by an idea”.
Design – One assembles the puzzle picture by searching for fits; piece after piece is picked up, tried, and found to be a misfit until, finally, the right piece steps into place. – The designers mind searches memory to find elements that meet their needs of the given problem.
Metamorphosis
From Analysis to Concept Step 1
Step 2
From Analysis to Concept Step 3
Step 4
From Sketches to Drawings
Design Freehand Sketching Drawings are the architects' preferred tool. Besides being an effective means of presentation and communication, drawings enable us to develop the first flash of an idea into the most detailed architectural form.
In other words, drawings are important to design because design develops only through the interaction between and architect and such a vehicle as drawings.
Design Freehand Sketching
Design Freehand Sketching All such sketching remains loose and highly abstract. Only when creative thinking has led to a strong guiding concept is it appropriate to proceed to the more detailed planning steps.
Design – A designer will spread out the accurate, scale plans of the space in question and overlay these with thin yellow tracing paper on which sketches of the interior and plan form can be drawn.
FORM OR FUNCTION, WHAT FOLLOWS WHAT?
Concept
First Project
Design Develop preliminary design – This is the most important stage in the design process.
– Creativity, comes into play and the efforts to find approaches that will be original, aesthetically satisfying, valid solutions to the problems defined through programming.
Thank you.
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub