NatureWILD Magazine for Young Naturalists in British Columbia
DANGLING IN
Volume 13 Issue 3 2012
S PA C E
GOING BIRDING? HOW TO HAVE A GREAT DAY
3
AMAZING
CAVES
Staying Alive through the
Winter
A Cedar Waxwing. Photo by Mark Belko.
Of Karst and Caves How Caves are Formed
www.ync.ca
“Young Naturalists Observe and Conserve”
Inside...
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Draw a Butterfly!
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Staying Alive though
the
Winter
6 Caves 9 3 Amazing CAVES 10 DANGLING in SPACE GOING BIRDING?
12 14 Ask Al 15 NatureWILD News
16 Flower Power Questions? Comments? Kristine Webber, Executive Director kristinewebber@ync.ca Ian McKeachie, President info@ync.ca Tammy Keetch, Clubs Coordinator coordinator@ync.ca Tracy Green, Membership Assistant info@ync.ca NatureWILD Editorial Committee Content Editor: Daphne Solecki Production Editor: Monica Belko Editorial Assistant: Ruth Foster Contributor: Al Grass
1620 Mt. Seymour Rd. North Vancouver, BC V7G 2R9
www.ync.ca 2
Hello YNC Members: I’ve just been out on the beach participating in the Great Shoreline Clean Up, and I know that many of you have too! What a great way to end the summer. Have you ever wondered about how caves are made? Have you ever explored a cave? This NatureWILD tells you a lot about caves. I remember my first trip into a cave in Horne Lake Provincial Park on Vancouver Island! I put on my helmet and a head lamp and followed my guide into the darkness. Inside we found stalactites, and speleothems and walked through underground creeks. It was great fun! When you try it, be safe- never enter a cave without an experienced guide!
Ian McKeachie, President Young Naturalists’ Club of British Columbia info@ync.ca YNC is an exciting nature discovery and environmental action program
that invites young people ages 5-14 years to discover nearby nature on Explorer Days with local experts, learn about native wildlife and plants in NatureWILD Magazine and take part in environmental actions to protect their habitat with the Action Awards program. For more information: www.ync.ca.
Nature Clubs across BC Check out the interactive map at www.ync.ca to find a club near you! Lower Mainland - Vancouver, LM Home Learners, North Vancouver, Stanley Park, Burke Mountain, Eastern Fraser Valley, Powell River, Nicomekl, Maple Discovery Gardens, University Hill Elementary, Lord Kitchener Elementary, Carnarvon Elementary, Anmore Elementary, James Kennedy Elementary, Tri-Cities;Vancouver Community College, Grandview Elementary, Nightingale Elementary, Ecole Jules Quesnel Vancouver Island - Victoria,Victoria Home Learners, Cowichan Valley, Cowichan Valley Home Learners, Nanaimo, Nanaimo 10+, Oceanside (Parksville/Qualicum), Comox Valley, North Vancouver Island, Queen Margaret’s School, Port Alberni, Gulf Islands - Denman Island, Quadra Island, Mayne Island Central Coast - Shearwater Elementary Thompson/Okanagan - Kamloops, Salmon Arm, Kelowna, North Okanagan, Lillooet Home Learners, North Shuswap Elementary ‘Bugs R Us’, Carlin Elementary Kootenays - Nelson, Rocky Mountain (Cranbrook)
Thank you to our sponsors
and supporters who share our vision that all children be connected with nature.
NATURE
VANCOUVER
RR Donnelley
We acknowledge the financial assistance of the Province of British Columbia
North - Williams Lake, Prince George, Fort St. John’s Home Learners, Denny Island ISSN: 1492-7241 NatureWILD is printed on SFI certified paper by Benwell Atkins an RR Donnelley Company,Vancouver.
Draw a Butterfly! 1
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Start by drawing a filled-in triangle with rounded edges.
Butterflies are incredible! Use these easy steps to make your own. Try to draw some real butterflies using photos on the Internet or a field guide book to help you.
From the centre of the triangle make a filled-in long oval.
3 Then draw a second oval below.
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Add two long antennae.
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From each side of the butterfly’s body, add two curved lines.
Curve each of the wing lines a bit.
Join the curved lines at a point. Try to make both wings similar - this can be a bit tricky!
Now the fun part!
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Use your imagination and your field guide to draw in the details of your amazing butterfly.
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Staying Alive through the
Winter
For many species, one of the most common ways to survive is to sleep the winter away.
Winter is on its way to BC – the Lower Mainland is not usually very cold, but the rest of BC can be ver-r-r-y cold indeed. So how do living things keep on living through the cold?
Humans - we have lots of ways to keep warm during
winter – warm homes, warm clothes, warm food: our neighbours in nature are often not so lucky and have found different ways to survive.
Birds
B
- many birds migrate – they just wing off south to warmer climates until winter up here is over, then they come back to lay eggs and raise their young. Other birds like chickadees, jays and nuthatches stay around and store food to feed themselves through the winter. These caches of seeds and nuts may be stored in more than a hundred places but with their amazing powers of memory, the birds can remember where all of them are. With any luck there will be enough stored food for the whole winter.
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Trees: deciduous trees shed their leaves. Why? In winter, water freezes to ice and as a tree can’t absorb ice, it can’t maintain its water balance. The sap inside leaves might freeze which would kill them and perhaps the tree as well. The tree needs to save heat and water and as it can live without its leaves for a while, it drops them and shuts itself down into a dormant state. It just ‘sleeps’ through the winter. Evergreens like holly and conifers don’t shut down; they have a waxy coat on their leaves or needles to protect them. The roots of conifers can continue to take up water – the ground under snow often is not completely frozen.
o
When animals sleep the winter away it is called hibernation.
Marmots and Chipmunks
Marmots hibernate for seven months, more time than they are awake! Living only on stored body fat,Yellowbellied and Vancouver Island marmots hibernate in deep burrows, some as much as five metres long. The burrows of Hoary marmots are often under a large boulder which protects them from being dug up by hungry Grizzly Bears. Chipmunks hibernate in cozy nests inside a hole in an old tree. Here they have stored nuts, berries, seeds, fruit, and grain; they can nibble on these any time they wake up and feel hungry.
Frogs, Toads and Turtles
T
Many frogs and turtles brumate – they spend the winter buried in mud in the bottom of deep lakes far below the ice. All their body functions slow down and they do not breathe – they can absorb enough oxygen through their skin. Toads however prefer to hibernate on land. They hide in many places such as river banks or ground squirrels’ burrows - even if the squirrels are still in there!
Garter Snakes
Garter snakes hibernate in a den below the frost line for up to sixteen weeks. This den is called a hibernaculum and they use the same place year after year. Hundreds of snakes gather together in one hibernaculum, keeping each other warm. To see these hundreds of snakes emerging from the hibernaculum in spring is an amazing sight.
X
Bears
With any luck, bears will have had good foraging during summer and fall so they have lots of body fat to last the winter. They make dens in caves, hollow trees and big cracks in rocks and bring in some leaves and twigs to form a nest; they get settled in around October or November depending on the weather, and wake up again in the spring. During all that time they will not eat or drink; they live on their body fat. In January, a pregnant black bear will wake up long enough to give birth in the den to one or more cubs. She then goes back to sleep, waking now and then to lick the cubs and give them some attention. Cuddled against her body the cubs do not sleep, they suckle their mother. When they are about three months old, mother bear wakes up and takes them out into the world.
Would you like to sleep the winter away? I doubt it – you’d miss a lot of school which might please some, but you would also miss Halloween and Christmas, snowballs and sledding and movie specials and --------- ! I think you would rather stay awake!
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Of Karst and Caves
How Caves are Formed by Kirk Safford Caves are found in a landscape known as ‘karst’ which is created where water dissolves the limestone bedrock (solid rock that lies below the surface soil). Surface features, such as sinkholes, cause water to run under the ground where it gradually widens weak points in the limestone bedrock. Over thousands of years this water eventually dissolves the limestone to form caves large enough for people to enter. On Vancouver Island and the Rocky Mountains, karst is a dramatic landscape, consisting of large sinkholes – sometimes larger than houses; deep vertical shafts; ‘karren’, which is very rough ground made up of small channels running between ridges of rock and many other unusual features. The majority of BC’s caves are on Vancouver Island and in the Rocky Mountains. Nearly a thousand have been discovered so far, and there are many more to discover!
A small, deep sinkhole. Photo by Brian Stansberry.
Tales of the past The unchanging environment of the cave and lack of light are excellent conditions for preserving bones. Bones found in BC caves have dated back to the last glaciation, over 12,000 years ago, and have been important in finding out about the climate and animal and plant life of the past. For instance, did you know: • mountain goats once lived on Vancouver Island. • bones of the endangered Vancouver Island Marmot have been found in caves far outside the present range of the marmot. • artifacts (things made by man) have been found in cave entrances on Vancouver Island and the Rocky Mountains and show that First Nations people have used caves ever since the last glaciation.
A large sinkhole filled with rainwater. Photo by Graham Cole.
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Can you guess what is the oldest organic material collected from a cave in Canada? It’s pollen. It was collected deep in a cave in the Rocky Mountains and dated as being between 10 to 13 million years old. A bee covered in pollen from a flower. Photo by Ragesoss.
Limestone Limestone is a sedimentary rock formed over millions of years by reefs and the remains of tiny ocean plankton accumulating on the ocean floor. This ocean floor, millions of years later, has been thrust up by tectonic action out of the ocean to form parts of the Rocky Mountains and Vancouver Island. Limestone dissolves in mildly acidic water from rain or streams. This acid gradually eats away at existing fractures in the rock and they get bigger. Tunnels develop, then large holes and eventually caves are formed.
Limestone with fossils. Photo by Tigerente.
A harvestman spider. Photo by Dalavich
Cave Life At first glance there appears to be very little life in BC caves, however a closer look reveals a fragile ecosystem. Dark-loving insects, such as cave crickets and harvestman spiders spend the day in the cool darkness of caves, waiting for night when they return to the surface to forage. A few invertebrate species in BC are adapted to live only in caves such as the amphipod Stygobromus quatsinensis and predatory cave mite Robustocheles occulta. These creatures are blind, using other senses to get around, and they are colourless. Several species of bat, including the rare Keen’s Myotis, roost and hibernate in caves in BC. Many other species use the entrance of caves, including the Bushy-tailed Woodrat and porcupines. Cave life in BC has had little research, and there is plenty of opportunity and need for scientific discovery.
A cave cricket. Photo by BeatriceM.
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Of Karst and Caves
How Caves are Formed continued
by Kirk Safford
Cave Conservation Though apparently strong, caves are actually quite fragile and easily damaged by human activity. These activities, including recreation, forest harvesting and other industrial activities, can introduce waste material and sediments and directly damage cave features and ecosystems. Cave formations such as soda straws, stalactites and stalagmites are easily broken or soiled if touched. These formations take thousands of years to grow and if damaged they are gone forever.
A cave filled with interesting stalactites and stalagmites.
The cavers’ motto is:
“take only pictures, leave only footprints.” Improving our understanding of caves and karst in BC and including it in land-use management plans can help conserve and protect this unique resource.
Stalagmites in a cave. Photo by Odbake.
Safety and Cave Hazards Caves are dangerous places. Loose rock, vertical drops, floods and cold conditions can be fatal to the inexperienced caver. If you want to try caving never go alone, go with experienced cavers, and/or try a guided cave tour to learn about cave safety and conservation. BC Speleological Federation (www.cancaver.ca) for more information about caves and caving. Links to cave tours: Vancouver Island - Vancouver Nature Exploration (www.nature-exploration.com/) Horne Lake Caves (www.hornelake.com/) Kootenays - Cody Caves-Kaslo (www.codycaves.com/main.html)
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3
AMAZING
CAVES
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BRACKEN BAT CAVE San Antonio, Texas, USA
Bracken Bat Cave is the summer home of the world’s largest bat colony. Twenty million Mexican free-tailed bats live in the cave from March through October. This number almost doubles when females give birth in June. The cave is protected so that people will not intrude on the bats. However, there are tours every evening at dusk to the cave so you can watch and listen as these millions of bats spiral out for their nightly insect hunt (which is much appreciated by local farmers!).
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WAITOMO GLOWWORM CAVES near Rotorua, New Zealand (discovered 1887)
Photo by Looknarm.
You enter the cave through spectacular stalagmites and stalactites. Then, in the dark and in complete silence, a boat – pulled by a rope - carries you along an underground river. Above, the roof to the cave sparkles with myriads of tiny winking lights from thousands of glowworms. For twenty minutes A cavern in the Waitomo Caves. you travel along this amazing waterway, lighted only by glowworms – an unforgettable experience. The glowworms are the larvae of the Arachnocampa luminosa, a species unique to New Zealand. Although the glowworms are only 3 mm when they hatch, they can send out a light. Over the next 9 months they slowly grow to the shape and size of a matchstick and then they really glow brightly. The Bracken Bat Cave at night - see all the bats flying around it! Photo by William S. Saturn.
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CAVE OF THE CRYSTALS
Naica, Mexico (discovered 2000)
One thousand feet (over 300 metres) below ground, this cave is home to giant selenite (gypsum) crystals, the largest ever found. The biggest one to date is an amazing 12 metres in length, 4 metres in diameter and 55 tons in weight! The crystals are so pure you can see through them.
A man holding a huge gypsum crystal found in Naica. Photo by Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com
The crystals were formed over half a million years in an unchanging environment of hot water full of minerals. The cave itself is extremely hot and has not been explored much because without proper protection people can only last there for ten minutes at a time. As the crystals are damaged by exposure to outside air, the caves may be closed up again.
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DANGLING IN
S PA C E
A Story by Kirk Safford
Wearing their cave suits, helmets, and three sets of lights each, Derek and his companions enter the black mouth of the cave. Despite the lights, their eyes must adjust to the darkness. The passage is an almost perfect tube with wave-like scalloping on the grey walls; water droplets on the ceiling glisten in the light of their headlamps and the floor is covered in fine silt. The temperature is cooler inside, only a few degrees above zero, and the air is damp with an earthy smell. Derek spots movement on the cave walls. The walls appear to be pulsing. Derek steps closer for a look. Spiders! Thousands of them scamper from Derek’s light. These are harmless harvestman spiders (or ‘daddy-longlegs’). A few long-legged cave crickets sit motionless amidst swarming mass of spiders. Derek and his friends explore farther into the cave. The tube passage meanders back and forth, up and down. Sometimes it is filled with cobble and sediment forcing them to crawl. Sometimes the tube expands and allows them to stand upright. Their footprints are the first human tracks ever to have touched this cave. Ahead lies only unexplored blackness. A caver, descending into a cave. Photo by Dave Bunnell.
The previous day Derek had been exploring the karst rainforest on Vancouver Island when he stumbled across a black hole partially covered by vegetation in a small hidden gully. His heart jumped at the sight. He entered a few feet into the cave and noticed a gentle draft blowing into his face. “It goes!” he thought. Despite his excitement, he turned back, not wanting to risk exploring the cave without his companions and proper caving equipment. He returned today better prepared for a long trip underground. After a couple hours of exploration, the passage ends in black, empty space. The explorers’ lights pierce the blackness, but find no walls, ceiling or floor. A pit! On his hands and knees Derek peers over the edge into the black space. An excited shiver runs through his bones. It’s the same feeling he had years ago on his first cave exploration. Where does the cave go? What mysteries does it hold? Each cave is unique, a world of its own.
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Derek’s companions securely anchor the rope and Derek gets to go down first since he found the cave. He gets on rope, checks his harness and vertical gear, and begins to descend,…..10 metres, ….20 metres,…30 metres. Pausing his descent about 35 metres down, Derek looks around. The walls of the shaft are covered in white formations – stalactites, cave coral, and flowstone. These formations are like cascades of ice pouring out of cracks and small holes in the wall, a vibrant contrast to the grey/blue walls of the bedrock. Derek is hanging free; he can’t touch the walls. He looks above him at the thin tight rope disappearing into blackness. Below him the floor is not yet visible. He is dangling in space, held by a thread, a small glowing speck in a world without light. The shaft is huge, and Derek is amazed at this vast space created by water eroding the limestone bedrock over thousands of years. Descending to a cobble stone floor another 20 metres down, Derek yells for his companions to join him. What new discoveries lie ahead? While waiting, Derek explores the chamber at the bottom of the pit. There are huge truck-sized boulders filling one side of the chamber, suggesting a massive collapse long ago. Delicate soda-straw formations two feet long hang from the ceiling of a continuing passage. Derek spots a strange shape stuck in the fine silt floor - gently curved, smooth, and a deep yellow-brown colour. “Bone!” he thinks to himself. It’s the rib from a deer. Other bones lay scattered around, skulls, vertebrae, leg-bones of large and small mammals, all of them the same dark yellowy colour. How did they end up here where it’s taken hours to get to? Did they fall into the pit? Were they washed in thousands of years ago when the water level was higher? It’s a mystery. He leaves the bones in place and warns his companions not to disturb them. He knows that if they were to remove them, the bones would lose their scientific value and would degrade faster on the surface than in their present resting place.
A caver. Photo by Dave Bunnell.
Derek and his companions continue to explore the cave, which turns into a maze with many passages branching off. They always keep to the passage with the draft blowing through. Along the way they find more bones and limestone formations. A bat flies by them. “Must be getting dark outside,” Derek comments. Despite their warm caving gear, after eight hours of exploring in the cold, wet conditions of the cave, the explorers begin to tire. They decide to turn around. There are too many passages to explore on this trip, they will have to return. Following the draft and their tracks, they safely return to the surface where night has fallen and a sky full of glittering stars greets them.
Kirk Safford is an avid caver who lives northern BC. As you can tell, this story is based on his own personal experiences. He got hooked on caving on Vancouver Island many years ago and has explored and photographed caves ever since. He has also conducted and assisted in research projects into cave life.
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Going Birding? How to have a great day.
Part 1 – Getting ready Essentials: • •
Binoculars Field guide
A Spotted Towhee. Photo by Mark Belko.
Guides are heavy, it is best to leave your guide behind and refer to it later.
The day
If possible, choose a day when you do not have to come back at a specific time for another activity. It is extremely frustrating to have finally found the best bird of the day, and then realize you have to go home.
Preparing for your day
Start early. Have a good breakfast and pack a substantial lunch. Nothing spoils a day more than realizing you are starving and don’t have anything to eat. While sitting quietly and eating your lunch you may spot another interesting bird or two. A Steller’s Jay. Photo by Monica Belko.
• Sturdy shoes You may come across some very muddy or rough ground.You will be doing a lot of standing; sturdy shoes provide better support • Jacket It may be chilly to start with; later you can take off a layer or two. It may be fine at the start of the day, then rain later. • Cellphone If you have or can borrow one, use it only to phone home to say you will be back a bit later than you planned because you have just found the best bird of the day. Then your parents won’t be worried about you. • Backpack It shouldn’t be too large but big enough to hold your lunch and your jacket. • Small ring-bound notebook and several pens or pencils (in case you drop one, the pencil point breaks or the pen runs out of ink). Keep your notebook/pen ready in your pocket. •
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Binoculars! (Believe it or not, sometimes people forget them!)
Part 2 - Getting the most out of your day At your destination, move slowly and quietly. Stop often. Look up to the top of the trees and down into shrubbery. Listen hard.
Looking
When you spot a bird, keep your eye fixed on it and observe as much as you can: How big is it? – bigger or smaller than a chickadee? A robin? A pigeon? Look for details and markings: Head and neck – Crown stripes? Eye line? Nape colour? Bill – Heavy and short? Needle like? Belly – Plain? Stripes? Colour? Wing bars? How many? Colour? Tail – Long or short? Legs – Long or short? Colour? Note habitat and bird behaviour. Is it in conifers? Deciduous trees? Shrubs? On the ground? Is it feeding? What on? Write all these observations in your notebook and sketch in details like eye stripes, wing bars, chest spots or stripes.Your sketches are just for you so it doesn’t matter what they look like so long as they help you remember what you have seen.
Listening
Learning different calls and songs and being able to distinguish birds by the sounds they make is extremely helpful, especially since you will often hear a bird before you see where it is. Listen for the following: Pitch: Do you hear a high or low sound? If the pitch changes, where in the song does it change? Length: How long is the song? Repetition: Does the bird repeat syllables many times? Volume: Does the song get louder or softer? Tempo: Count the beats of the song when the bird is making its song. Are the beats quick?
A White-crowned Sparrow. Photo by Mark Belko.
In your notebook write down what you think you hear. Example: to me, a White-crowned Sparrow sounds like: “Zee, zee (slow, low), zeedle, zeedle, zeedle (quick, higher)” You can learn bird sounds from recordings. In BC, the best are by John Neville. Start with Beginners’ Guide to BC Bird Song (2 CD set). (www.nevillerecording.com)
Happy Birding! 13
Have a Nature Question?
ASK AL
Do waxwings really have wax on their wings?
Al Grass has worked as a career park naturalist and ranger throughout BC. Now he is a well-known nature tour leader and photographer. Al especially likes birds, insects and spiders.
Does maple syrup come from all maple trees?
Waxwings are beautiful, crested, tan-coloured birds with The maple syrup that we love to put on our pancakes and black ‘masks’, and red, waxy-looking tips on certain wing ice-cream comes from the Sugar Maple (Acer succharum) feathers, which is where their name waxwing comes from. which occurs naturally in eastern North America. In Canada, the province of Quebec is famous for its maple syrup, where it is an important industry. There are three species in the waxwing family – Cedar (our most common); Bohemian and Japanese (not found in North America). All waxwings have the red colour in their Holes are drilled into trees to collect the sap, which is then boiled down to make the syrup. wings – but is it really wax, and what is its purpose? The best answers come from Dr. Paul Ehrlich, et.al (The Birder’s Other species of maples can also be used to make syrup. Handbook) where he says, “it is a red waxy substance In British Columbia we have three native maple species: that exudes (seeps) from feather shafts.” Note that it is Douglas (‘rocky mountain’);Vine and Bigleaf. It is from called a waxy substance. Other authors call it ‘wax-like’. Its function, according to Dr. Ehrlich, is unknown, but it is Bigleaf Maple – a very large tree – that syrup can be made, “thought to serve as a signal of age and social status used but its sap is not as sweet as Sugar Maple. There are other maples too that can be ‘tapped’, but they don’t occur in pair formation…” naturally in BC. At least one of its functions must be to help us identify Did you know that maple and enjoy these wonderful birds called waxwings. fruits (samaras) are sometimes called keys or re send me mo Al says “Please “helicopter seeds”? ur question is questions. If yo in w ill ureWILD you w chosen for Nat ncil! p otebook and e a Rite-in-Rain n a s to info@ync.c n io st e u q r u yo A Bigleaf Maple leaf. Send Road r ou ym Se nt ou M Photo by Al Grass. 1620 9 2R G V7 BC r, ve North Vancou A Bigleaf Maple fruit or samsara. Photo by Al Grass.
YNC Vancouver exploring Bayswater Beach.
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A Bohemian Waxing. Photo by Mark Wynja.
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W r e I D u t a N NEWS
This past Spring University Hill Elementary School (Vancouver) launched their YNC with 40 members. Their choice was to have a six week roster of activities. At the final meeting, Daphne Solecki presented Certificates of Achievement to each member and encouraged them to pursue their YNC Bronze Awards over the summer.
Many parents and high school students came to assist. Aiden, YNC Comox Valley, finds One student said afterward, “as a kid, I was a bit of a neat rocks at Comox Bluffs nature nerd. I wanted to be a zoologist like the ones you see trekking through the savannah on the Discovery Channel. I wish there had been a Young Naturalists’ Club then that I could have joined but it is great to help out with a YNC at my old elementary school.”
Matilda YNC Comox Valley, enjoys exploring at Point Holmes Beach
Carlin Middle School YNC, Tappen, goes on a field trip to Shuswap Lake to look for turtles, birds and flowers. YNC teacher sponsor Carmen Dawkins; YNC Leader Trish Wallensteen; Trip leader Peter Ballin. Photos by Shirley Ballin. The first meeting – making seed tapes to plant in containers. By the end of the six weeks we had herbs and veggies to eat.
Young Naturalists’ Club of BC
Wins
2012 Canadian Wildlife Federation Youth Conservation Award YNC representative Andrew Mitchell of YNC North Vancouver Island and YNC
Executive Director Kristine Webber went to St. John’s Newfoundland to receive the award. According to the CWF, “everyone loved the work that is taking place in BC thanks to this organization and the impact it is having on youth. Amazing!”
Flower Power A - Broad-leaved Starflower (Trientalis latifolia) B - Purple Peavine (Lathyrus nevadensis) C - Fine-leaved Daisy (Erigeron linearis) D - Miner’s Lettuce (Claytonia perfoliata)
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Flower Power Use your Flower Power to untangle these wildflowers. Just draw a line from the bottom of the stem to the flower. Then learn the names of these pretty native BC wildflowers on page 15.
Next issue...
Bats
A
B
What lives on and under the snow?
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C
D Have any comments or questions? Email the YNC at info@ync.ca