JOY YOU-CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO 2016-2020
Flexible spaces and fields are like the backdrop of activities, but also leading people toward the creation of new experiences. Buildings are media that connect environments, people, and cultures and catelyze more.
CONTENTS
Hsinchu, Taiwan AI Valley 3
S
Climate Responsive Curtain wall development
Taoyuan, Taiwan Taoyuan Museum of Art 11
Space Field Connection and Multi-Culture Dialogue through Fluidity of Freeform Architecture
Aqua Ring 21 Hudson Yard, NY
S S, XS
Symbiosis of Water and Urbanism
Other Works 25 Graduate School
Seeding The Machamba 31
XL
Social Carbon 55
L
Framework 69 Sunset Park, Brooklyn, NY
M
Community Led Water and Social Infrastructure
Hudson Valley, Suburban, and the Green New Deal
Beira, Mozambique
Kingston, NY
Balancing Growth and Opportunity in Sunset Park Undergraduate School
Hsinchu, Taiwan Symbiosis Habitat 77
Re-Invent Process of Nature into Urban Environment through a Zoo-Function Metabolism
Tainan, Taiwan Hub of lives 97
A Re-Interpretation of Group-Linking Compound and Tainan's Locality
Kaohsiung, Taiwan Urban Filter 109
L M L
Re-Weaving Urban Activities from the Perspective of Urban Water Cycle
Matsu, Taiwan Build Up A Classroom of Nature 117
XS
The Palace of Time Parchment
Kaifeng, Henan, China
125
L
Co-living Community
Beijing, China
129
M
135
XL
Design-Build, Participatory Design, and Community Development
Re-Invent Capital of Three Eras to Present Citizen's Daily Living
Balizhuang Residential Area Planning & Regeneration
Toronto, Canada Bird Collisions in Urban Area
Who Is The Bird Killer?
Midori, Gunma, Japan Tomihiro Museum Optimization 143
Circle Packing Layout Issue
S
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
PROFESSIONAL WORK
01 PROFESSIONAL WORK YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
01
PROFESSIONAL WORK
AI Valley Climate Responsive Curtain wall development Date | 2018.06 - 2018.12 Professional Project Site | Hsinchu city, Taiwan Architects | JJP Architects and Planners Client | Hsinchu Science Park Bureau Budget | 24,537,000 USD Floor Area | 14,800 m² Phase | Construction
My Responsible Part Facade and building massing Design Environment digital simulation Rendering & Modeling Curtain Wall Detail Design Working drawings: Curtain Wall Detail Drawing Elevation & Section Drawing
A curtain system provides a middle ground between comfort and natural illumination. Here, I was responsible for designing the facade and curtain wall system. In order to provide future flexibility for the office spaces, the curtain wall and space are designed in 120cm modular panels, with curtain wall units in sets of three panels (360cm).
With Taiwan being situated on the Tropic of Cancer, excessive sunlight can exacerbate already high temperatures, and so to address this, each unit can produce a greater shaded area through the use of a folding panel, while a combination of silk-screen printed glass and aluminum plates enables the creation of various levels of opacity on all four sides. This helps maximize the effective open-window area of the office spaces.
AI VALLEY | PROFESSIONAL WORK
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
From Concept to Practice This is a project include office spaces and labs located in the main science park in Taiwan. It started from a publicsector competition. Now is under construction. Here, I was responsible for designing the facade and curtain wall system, also in charge with the overall form control. I finished the whole construction documentation with other four colleagues. After evaluating the curtain system with the manufacturer, a stick wall system would be the most cost-effective. tsaE
The vertical effect is further enhanced by a semi-hidden frame system. In order to enhance the visual effect of the folding panel, I designed different kinds of vertical aluminum extrusion cover plates for the four corners, all at a thickness of only 1.2cm, which reduced interference with the mullion.
tseW
N
The use of silk-screen printed glass also created a gradient effect that softened the edges of the aluminum plates. I also made fine divisions in the vertical pattern so as to ensure those working inside would not be disturbed by the lines on the glass.
aluminum panel glass
tsaE tseW
West Elevation
N
South Elevation
N
Adjust Facade Material by Daylight Radiation Analysis Based on the analysis result, reduce uncomfortable direct sunlight by generating angles and changing transparency of facades
AI VALLEY | PROFESSIONAL WORK
Mockup
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
Ref. image.B
ROOM201
ROOM202
ROOM203
ROOM203
panel-board REFUSE ROOMS
PANTRY STAIR A
CORRIDOR
ELECTRICAL ROOM
ELEVATOR HALL
MACHINE ROOM
STAIR B
BALCONY
STORAGE ROOM LACTATION ROOM
ROOM204 ROOM205 ROOM206 ROOM207 ROOM208
1
2F Floor Plan 1
5
AI VALLEY | PROFESSIONAL WORK
10m
B
B H
I
D
F FLOOR LINE
A
K
A aluminium extrusion mullion B insulating glass(6+12AS+6) low-E coating on face 3 C rubber gasket D aluminium pressure plate E aluminium cap
2
F galvanized steel plate 1.2t +insulation K PVDF coating aluminium plate 3.0t+insulation G silicone sealant H PVDF coating aluminium plate 3.0t L PVDF coating aluminium plate 2.0t+insulation I 8mm silk-screen laminated glass with low-E coating J weep hole
curtain wall plan 1:20
G F
L
G
K
H D
C E
J
B I
each cover plates are different for different angles
3
C
D E
curtain wall horizontal cross plan 1:20
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
2
3
5
1
East Section 1:200
waterproofing type: L 1: 2 monolithic concrete slab w/ weather protection masonry paint 15mm drip edge 3.0t aluminium plate w/ open seams
insulating glass(6+12AS+6) w/ low-E coating aluminum extrusion windowsill
chain type smoke exhaust window
8mm silk-screen laminated glass w/ low-E coating +2.0t aluminum back pan +1" insulation
2
Wall Corner Detail
1:20
AI VALLEY | PROFESSIONAL WORK
drywall hinted grid ceiling
3
Skylight Roof Detail
1:20
insulating glass(6+12AS+6) w/ low-E coating
aluminum extrusion windowsill 8mm silk-screen laminated glass w/ low-E coating +2.0t aluminum back pan +1" insulation covered w/ single leaf drywall
firestopping 2hr. standard
refer to image 5.
1.2t galvanized steel plate +1" insulation 3.0t aluminum plate w/ open seams, PVDF coating
15mm Drip edge
4
wall section 1:100
5
wall section 1:20
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
01
PROFESSIONAL WORK
Taoyuan Museum of Art Space Field Connection and Multi-Culture Dialogue through Fluidity of Freeform Architecture Date | 2017.10 - 2018.02 Professional Project Site | Taoyuan city, Taiwan Architects | JJP + MVRDV Landscape | Topoteck 1 Area | 100000 m2 Budget | 80,000,000 USD
My Responsible Part Master plan design and massing Space planning Optimizing space and circulation design Integrating specialists' advice Plan design and drawing Digital Modeling and optimizing
This competition proposal was hold by JJP and co-operate with MVRDV and Topoteck 1. The competition include three part of design, special zone urban design, neighborhood planning guide and the Art Museum. Our firm was mainly in charge but not limit of the neighborhood and museum. All the teams worked as a whole to bring the ideas on to ground. The design for the museum drew its inspiration from a peach flower. I worked as program manager and designer. Within the concept of peach flower, I seek the opportunity of free-form architecture to be a connector between local residents, artists, and tourists. Through studying the local cultural conditions, site planning, circulation design, and massing to achieve the goal and implement conceptual spaces.
TAOYUAN MUSEUM OF ART | PROFESSIONAL WORK
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
SE CT ION
storage space
loby & information center
special exhibition special exhibition
regular exhibition storage space
artist studio
calligraphy collect children education center
presentation room
restaurant & coffee shop
Archive Space
5
10
20m
10 hr.
13 hr.
09
09
Lecture Hall Artists Studios
19
Special Exhibition
22
8 hr.
09
17
24 hr.
Regular Exhibition
Cultural Info Center
Buildings Connection
Vertical Connection
Visitor Circulation
Service Circulation
Archive Administration Education Commercial
OPENING TIME
Public space for day and night
PROGRAM
Exhibition/ Affiliation/ Education
The site placed in a pond park, the main green space around the neighborhood. Under the peach blossom concept, we aim to maintain public open space as more as possible and tried different distribution scheme. Eventually, we use three smaller volumes to create open area between each building and a loop to connect thorough park. When viewed from the sky, Taoyuan becomes a land of thousand ponds. These unique features in the landscape were originally created as small reservoirs in an irrigation system that serves the surrounding fields. These ponds are typically only given a number, but a portion of the project site encompasses one of the few named ponds – the Blue Pond, while the other has an irrigation channel running through it, all the while being close TAOYUAN MUSEUM OF ART | PROFESSIONAL WORK
to the river. Such intimate connection to water once again sustains life on the site and the peach flower is the perfect manifestation. The peach tree is not only the namesake of the city, but it is one of the few trees that can be trimmed, as for each branch that is pruned, one root is grown. Such testament to the power of life is an apt metaphor for Taoyuan, a beautiful city that is constantly charging forward. A metaphor for Taoyuan, a beautiful city that is constantly charging forward.
Team | JJPan, MVRDV, Museum consultant, Community Leader YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
TAOYUAN MUSEUM OF ART | PROFESSIONAL WORK
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
Displayble Archive Space
Pathway between Buildings
TAOYUAN MUSEUM OF ART | PROFESSIONAL WORK
24/7 Opened Space Integrate with Art
Interacted Panel in the Lobby
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
Collective Design Efforts
Me MVRDV PM
Interior Designer
JJP Priciple JJP PM
Winy Maas
Structural Consultant
JJP Project Manager
Me
TAOYUAN MUSEUM OF ART | PROFESSIONAL WORK
JJP Priciple
Winy Maas
JJP Priciple
This design was the collective effort of JJPan, MVRDV, Topotech 1, and all consultants. In the process, we met virtually two times a week. Also, when Winy Maas's team traveled to Taiwan, hands-on workshops took place. We made physical models and sketched to discuss a much clearer vision. Besides the leadership, a Project Manager and a Designer in JJPan and MVRDV were the core developer during the progress. I was the primary designer in the JJPan team. We collectively between different time zone and imaged and visualized every detail back and forth. Generated innovate idea and implement with the local culture. This experience was not only a competition, but also a lesson for us to learn the dynamic culture of design, and made friends.
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
01
PROFESSIONAL WORK
Aqua Ring Symbiosis of Water and Urbanism Date | 2019.02 Paper Architecture Competition Site | Hudson Yards, New York, NY Architects | JJP Architects and Planners
My Responsible Part Detail Section Drawing and Structure Engineering Integrate Environment digital simulation Rendering and Modeling
1830
A CIRCULAR LANDMARK Aqua-ring combines a linear pedestrian pathway with a circular aquarium. As water shimmers above the linear segment, views of aquatic life greet the commuters from Moynihan Train Hall. At once, the aqua-ring enriches both the walking experience on the pathway and the urban activities on the streets below. NEW CONNECTION TO WATER Aqua-ring is built on the desire to bring the qualities of Manhattan’s waterfront, once open and continuous, back into the city. As the island’s coastline expanded and new towers gradually interrupted the immediacy of water, a new pedestrian pathway will introduce new symbiosis between water and urban life and create a distinctly sustainable landmark.
2020
2050
finding the sense of water
AQUA RING | PROFESSIONAL WORK
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
AQUA RING | PROFESSIONAL WORK
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
01
PROFESSIONAL WORK
Other Works Reno Medical Incubator
Date | 2017.12
Interstice in the rocks of desert
Site | Reno, NV Architects | JJP Architects and Planners Client | New Deantronics Medical Manufacturer Program | Incubator, Factory, Office
Other Works | PROFESSIONAL WORK
Hotain Headquarter
Date | 2019.03
A complete life
Site | Taipei, Taiwan Architects | JJP Architects and Planners Client | Hotain Life Program | Office
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
Building Performance Analysis
Date | 2018.03-05 Tool | Grasshopper, Ladybug Tools, Windperfect, Radiance Phase | Scheme Design Integration
Indoor solar radiation analysis
Other Works | ACADEMIC DESIGN
As part of JJP Lab, the goals of building performance analysis is to visualize basic building performance in scheme design phases. Aim to integrate these analysis into initial design and eliminate the processing time between consultants and designers. Besides analyze and visualize, I also create a template in grasshopper and hold a series of training sessions for my colleages to easy understand and use the tool directly when they develop their design.
Indoor natural light illuminance
Wind flow analysis
Outdoor daylight radiation analysis Comparation of different proposal
Indoor natural light lumiance Grasshopper Template
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
02 ACADEMIC DESIGN YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
02
ACADEMIC DESIGN
Seeding The Machamba Community Led Water and Social Infrastructure SPRING 2020 URBAN DESIGN STUDIO Instructor | Kate Orff, Thaddeus Pawlowski, Dilip DaCunha, Geeta Mehta, Julia Watson, Adriana Chávez, Lee Altman Team | You-Chiao Wu, Ashwin Nambiar, Jaime Palacios, Ting Zhang, Xinyue Liu Site | Beira, Mozambique
Beira, at the far end of the rift valley is one of the cities at the forefront of coastal threats. It has an extensive and integrated system of traditional agriculture that carries great potential which is at risk. Our project conceives of this system as more than just agriculture it is a productive and preventative flood infrastructure. We envision that this agricultural system could coordinate communities, organize the city, and be the key to recovery and ongoing resilience. THE MACHAMBA SYSTEM is a flood infrastructure. This nature based and resilient network could coordinate communities, organize the city, and be the key to recovery and ongoing resilience.
GOALS - Consolidate and organize cooperatives at a city scale. - Protect social and ecological capital. - Empower women in agriculture - Diversify income and create job opportunities. - Integrate adaptive, nature-based infrastructure.
Video & More
SEEDING THE MACHAMBA | ACADEMIC DESIGN
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
LACK OF ELEVATIONAL STRATEGIES
2020
570,000
2016
522,000
2013
489,000
2007
431,000
2004
426,000
URBAN POPULATION AREA
Urban Expansion Toward Lowland
| Historical usage of low lands: Machambas
SEEDING THE MACHAMBA | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Current Resettlement Plan
“Flooding” is a consequence of unplanned sprawl into the low land. Currently, the resettlement plan defines these areas as “risk zones” and resettles the people to further inland, it disregards people’s livelihoods and that’s why people keep moving back to the settlements and stay in the front of the threats of flooding.
INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
1980 GZO GREEN ZONES OFFICE IS FOUNDED
UGC GENERAL UNION OF COOPERATIVES BECOMES AN INDEPENDENT COMPANY
Agriculral Neighborhood 1986
1990
Since before the colonial times, the agricultural practices were embedded in the livelihoods of the people from Beira. 1987 - Office of Green Zones recognized 10 agricultural neighborhoods where people organized in co-ops. 1990 - the UGC became an independent company and suffered shortages because of the lack of governmental support. Their members were disincentivized to work in the co-ops.
Settlements sprawled into low land and flood became an issue |
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
Current Neighborhood Machamba
SEEDING THE MACHAMBA | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Machamba disperse at various types of land. In Beira, people grow rice seedling, sweet tomatoes, or grass for repairing roofs. It is a key role related to diverse livelihoods.
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
MACHAMBA AS AN OPPORTUNITY
Foliage barriers As windbreak to prevent erosion.
What if machambas worked as a dispersed resilient system? A machamba is an agricultural garden where produce is cultivated by a family mainly for self consumption. They are mainly managed by women and incorporate different vernacular technologies such as: foliage barriers, to prevent wind erosion; low walls, to protect the soil wealth; and consiciation, to protect the yields from pests. These transgenerational practices are not only for growing food, they also strengthen the bond of the communities. Machambas are dispersed adaptive units that provide food, absorb water during flash floods, and hold it through dry seasons. Smallholder farmers account for 95% of the country’s agricultural production.
SEEDING THE MACHAMBA | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Low walls To protect soil wealth.
ma·cham·ba [Mozambique] Agricultural garden, where produce is cultivated by a family mainly for self-consumption.
Reed bed To maximize water retention.
Consociation Mix of crops to reduce pest attacks. (e.g.. cereal and legume)
Gentle slope Planting perpendicularly to it, for proper irrigation.
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
ELEVATIONAL STRATEGIES SAFE ZONE
Community Center
Communal Machamba
Water Access
LEGEND HIGH GROUND LOW GROUND NATURAL STREAM
RISK ZONE
Public Facilities
SEEDING THE MACHAMBA | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Large Machambas
Aquaculture
DIFFERENT SCALE OF THE MACHAMBA SYSTEM We see the dispersed machamba as an opportunity to become one water holding system in the whole Beira. We identify different strategies by elevation. Those machamba could be connected by the natural streams. - High grounds are equipped with welfare facilities and accommodate more people. -People in low grounds retreat to safe zones in the nearby highlands. -Low ground is designated for productive agriculture and water retention. These strategies can only be implemented if they are community-driven. The co-op could be the trigger point of the process.
High Ground
Mid Ground
Low Ground
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
MACHAMBA CO-OPS Spe Ma nd cha m
Inc
nd la se to ou ts e-h gh d s g Ri gra rial nin i p U ate Tra m roAg
ba
cre d
its
Ge t Ma cha
mb
en ti
ve s
ac red
its
my
Fo facod p il ro Cre ities ces sin at e jo
bs
D
no
N U
eco
O R G P ID O M OC
he
3
Ag indricul t Bo ust ura ost ry l t
g
Wa ne ter h t Pro wo old r ing d la uc k nd tiv risk scap e ea mi s tig ato r
Based on this water-holding system we are proposing three types of co-ops that facilitate urban change according to different social contexts. The overall goal is to reorganize instead of relocating people. To encourage retreat people to nearby safer zones, also combined with community empowerment that recognizes the role of women and economic development. These cooperatives become a vehicle for transformation that work together as a community-based development corporation. Here are these three types of co-ops: High Ground Coop - Provide welfare facilities / densify housing Low Ground Coop - Increase agricultural production and manage water holding systems. Mid Ground Coop - Boost economy by scaling agriculture / aquaculture production. If people join these co-ops programs, they could get machamba credits as incentives. This machamba credits system works acrosses different co-ops to help partnerships. People can use the credits to get the rights of the land; get access to farmer schools
SEEDING THE MACHAMBA | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Job & Training
Agriculture land
Shift house
De up ho
Ve r typ
s
s
dit cre a b
it red c d a n Spe hamb c Ma
Ri g Fa ht Ag rm s to Cr ro- er s lan di op Tra ch d sc p in oo ou ro in l/ nt du g ct io n
Water holding system
t Ge ham c Ma
nti ce
s ve
In
N
D
2
Training program system
LO C W O -O G P RO
U
se l s rea ltura al land c n n u I ric tio ltur ag duc agricu proanded
in
Liv
Shift house
O R G H P IG O H O-
Agriculture land
D
N
U Ge t Ma cha
1
tic po al bu log ild ies ing
Exp
C
ens pg ify a ousrade nd ing r
& torit a ub ed d Inc d cr r & foo o em fo cubato t s y In dit d s ater n cre u ith w o M gw
b de for a as vel a op me nt
mb
ac red
its
Spe Ma nd cha m
ba
nd re la ca et to ay ark ts d m gh en a Ri ildr mb a Ch ch unt a M isco d
Str locengt al m he arkning Eq ets R u inf itabl e r as e s tru oci pa orga ctu al re marcelsnizin c a g Ma hamrou c cu ham ba nd e
Inc
cre d
its
en ti
ve s
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
SEEDING MACHAMBA PROJECTS IMPLEMENT IN HIGH GROUND
SEEDING PROJECT community center STAGES 1. Community center 2. Densify housing 3. Market street 4. Extend market extended market
SEEDING THE MACHAMBA | ACADEMIC DESIGN
food storage rainwater harves
sting
Machmaba is a seed to start the overall process. Here we zoom in to the highground. In the high ground here are two seeding projects, which is machmaba neighborhood and community center. In the machamba neighborhood, after the machmabas are identified as a clear zone, High ground co-op could help for further development. Once the pilot projects start to function in the community, incremental upgradation of surrounding infrastructure can take place. Community center is built along the main street to serve for a larger region. Along the main street,the co-op can establish a market where people could sell or exchange the products from machamba.
SEEDING PROJECT machamba neighborhood
SEEDING PROJECT
STAGES 1. Neighborhood Kitchen 2. Machamba guide line 3. Ditch 4. Elevated housing neighborhood front yard low wall as benches
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
GROWING MACHAMBA SYSTEM IMPLEMENT IN HIGH GROUND
Growing Machamba System
SEEDING THE MACHAMBA | ACADEMIC DESIGN
REPLICATE MACHAMBA PROJECTS Neighborhood Machamba system replicates creating a water retention system. UPGRADE HOUSING Highground People are incentive to upgrade their housing capacity INCREASE AGENCY Densified neighborhoods can get more funding from the government. More and more community co-ops will establish to start the transformation.
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
NETWORK OF MACHAMBA SYSTEM THE MACHAMBA SYSTEM FUNCTIONED IN DIFFERENT CONDITIONS IN HIGH GROUND
DRY SEASON
neighborhood machamba as the agricultural social space for self sufficiency
SEEDING THE MACHAMBA | ACADEMIC DESIGN
RAIN SEASON
machambas working as a water retention system
EXTREME CONDITION
Community center as the safe gathering point, providing food, emergency healthcare, boats for transportation, as well as for protecting the seeds, tools. New housing allows flooding at the ground level.
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
Machamba as a multi purpose infrastructure machamba, weir, and livelihood
SEEDING THE MACHAMBA | ACADEMIC DESIGN
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
LOW GROUND IMPLEMENTATION SEEDING THE MACHAMBA
SEEDING THE MACHAMBA | ACADEMIC DESIGN
SEEDING MACHAMBA PROJECTS 1. Neighborhood Machamba System: - Building mounds near the existing neighborhood machamba. - Non-farmer shifted to highland - Expanding Irrigation system. - Housing with multi-purpose ground floor.
GROWING THE MACHAMBA SYSTEM The machamba system can keep growing and replicating in the low ground, and more mounds will be built and gradually densified with more agro facilities to assist people working in the expanded machambas.
2. Agro-training Hub / Market - Providing agro-training, seeds, irrigation construction training / materials. - Agricultural product storage and transportation.
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
MID GROUND IMPLEMENTATION SEEDING THE MACHAMBA
SEEDING THE MACHAMBA | ACADEMIC DESIGN
SEEDING MACHAMBA PROJECTS 1. Machamba System: Large machamba -Tapping into the reservoir for agriculture irrigation and aquaculture -Transitioning farmers to a floating machamba typologies. 2. Food Industries -Food processing+packaging facilities In order for Beira to boost its economy, it first needs to build a manufacturing base. Innovation relies on building infrastructure and capacity to become the driver for economic growth.
GROWING THE MACHAMBA SYSTEM Once the pilot project of the co-operative led industries turn successful, similar food processing industries can develop along the edges of the current settlements providing for more jobs in the surrounding neighborhoods. We envision the floating machamba typology being adopted by more new farmers which is a system that can adapt itself as a buoyant structure during floods and helps to retain moisture in the soil during times of drought thereby increasing agricultural resilience. This can also trigger the addition of Beira into the BAGC in which city right now is just a point of export/import.
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
02
ACADEMIC DESIGN
Social Carbon Hudson Valley, Suburban, and the Green New Deal FALL 2019 URBAN DESIGN STUDIO Instructor | Kaja Kühl, Justin Moore, David Smiley Team | You-Chiao Wu, Mary Allen, Minjung Lee, Candelaria Mas Site | Hudson Valley+ Kingston, NY
As it stands, the Green New Deal is lacking the practical tools to implement the grand goals the document puts forth. There are plenty of innovative solutions to the climate crisis, but the largest flaw in the system is understanding how these solutions hit the ground, and how to prevent the inequalities that the original New Deal inflected on many communities. In order to visualize the complexities of the current system — where social needs and carbon emissions coexist—, we analyze the Hudson Valley on a transect that repeats along the region. We apply design thinking through a coordinated approach of varied projects that prioritize both people’s and environmental needs, as a tool to rethinking the Green New Deal as a middle ground —top down / grass-roots— initiative that motivates partnerships across disciplines and existing boundaries. For this case study we decided to zoom in on Kingston NY. This unique balance of wetlands, urban areas, suburbs, farm land and forests has the amazing carbon balancing capacity, but only if it works together as a whole. We hold a workshop in Kingston and while we were there we talked to many people as we could, and there seemed to be a common theme, such as transportation and housing issues. We propose that there needs to be a new strategy of funding infrastructure projects that generate a hybrid top-down and bottom-up approach. It solves social needs by adding carbon value to it, and the common goal and strategy tackle both issues. We start by proposing a Carbon Coordination Plan for Kingston NY that offers opportunities to reduce carbon emissions across the entire area. This proposal is broad and comprehensive and offers strategies that should happen over time. And these projects happen at a variety of different scales, the Strategic scale, Communityscale, and Block scale interventions. Those projects are carbon zero affordable housing, net-zero neighborhoods, recharge hub, and wetland generator. They are run by different sectors including municipalities, community-based organizations, and individuals. We’re calling this system Social Carbon.
Video & More
SOCIAL CARBON | ACADEMIC DESIGN
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
4.9%
MT CO 2
7.7%
+168,616 CATSKILL
2
6. 9%
.4%
10 %
57
MT CO
%
.8
34
-60,996 HUDSON
42
5.
3%
.2 %
.4%
19
14
.8
%
-1,196,786
15.3
%
POUGHKEEPSIE
43
%
3%
13.
8.7% O2 TC
M
52
17%
-652,866
NEWBURGH
.4%
19
MT CO 2
.2
% BEACON
49
SOCIAL CARBON | ACADEMIC DESIGN
%
13.3%
-168,910
CARBON EXCHANGE
Forest
Farm
Suburb
Urban
Wetland
River
.8%
18
ion ss mi
10
s Ope
.2%
.3%
5
14
questration n Se rbo a C
ter Wa
-437,055
n Ar e a
Ca rbo n
as
42
3
7%
Ag ric
O MTC 2
KINGSTON
7.
Wetlan ds
re tu ul
E Urb an Ar e
Carbon Exchange
e For
st
31
12 5
11 5
12
36% > 80 years
Transportation Method
<5 years 5 years
Housing Age
10 years
31% Fuel Oil Kerosene
20 years
22
House 46% Heating Fuel Utility Gas
Drive 75% Alone
Kingston Carbon Emission
Service
Good
Food
Housing
6
5
7
11
Coal Allotherfuels
14
5
Nofuelused
Transportation
39.5
12
metric tons CO2 equivalent
TRANSPORTATION
Bike Accessibility
80 years
22
Make bus possible in Kingston
HOUSING
I want to use my VACANT LOTS!
Lack of Affordable Housing!
Electricity Fuel oil,kerosene
40 years 60 years
Utility gas Bottled,tank,LP gas
per household
EDUCATION
ENERGY
Share My Knowledge About The Land But How? After School Program & Volunteers!
Newly Here Can’t Find Contractors! Ita
Vacant Land Owner “The younger generation needs help to connect with the nature in their backyard.”
Housing Retrofit Guideline
Rose
Bike Advocate
Elizabeth
Kingston Resident
Susan
Kingston Resident
Nanya
NYC Commuter
Jopheth
Kingston Resident
Educators / Concerned Parents
Peter
Land Owner + Farmer
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
NET
1
ZERO M TREE NURSERY
Net Zero Districts
S
NET ZERO AFFORDABLE HOUSING
S
XS
NEI REG
Pr
Municipality FOREST
M SUSTAINABLE
2
AGRICULTURE
Collaboration across Political Boundaries
S RECHARGE HUB
AGRICULTURE BELT
Municipality
3
COMMUNITY CENTER
Community Led Initiatives
VULNERABILITY
VULNERABLE COMMUNITY
ADMINISTRATIVE C Connection Dashboard Toolkits
Funding
Application
Information Platform
Carbon Coordinate Plan Carbon Goals Project
Project
Proposal
Proposal
Project Proposal
Social Goals
SOLUTIONS Initiative
Implementation
SOCIAL CARBON | ACADEMIC DESIGN
IGHBORHOOD GENERATION
M
S
XS
SYSTEMATIC CONNECTION
AREA COMMUNITY HUB
BLOCK SCALE INTERVENTION
Phase 1 Projects
rivate Owner
CENTER
M
WETLAND GENERATOR Community Base Organization
VULNERABILITY
VULNERABILITY
M LINEAR PARK & TRAIL
CURRENT GREEN LINE
GREEN LINE TRAIL WETLAND PARKS
Carbon Coordination Plan
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
PHASE ONE PROJECT 01
S NET ZERO
AFFORDABLE HOUSING
“...providing all people of the United States with affordable, safe, and adequate housing”
SOCIAL CARBON | ACADEMIC DESIGN
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
PHASE ONE PROJECT 02
S XS NEIGHBORHOOD REGENERATION “... to create millions of good, high-wage jobs” “... upgrading all existing buildings”
SOCIAL CARBON | ACADEMIC DESIGN
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
PHASE ONE PROJECT 03
S
RECHARGE HUB
“... Overhauling transportation systems in the United States to remove pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector”
SOCIAL CARBON | ACADEMIC DESIGN
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PHASE ONE PROJECT 04
M WETLAND GENERATOR “... meet 100 percent of the power demand through clean, renewable and zero emission energy sources” “... removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere by restoring natural ecosystems...”
SOCIAL CARBON | ACADEMIC DESIGN
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
02
ACADEMIC DESIGN
Framework Balancing Growth and Opportunity in Sunset Park SUMMER 2019 URBAN DESIGN STUDIO Instructor | Tricia Martin, Nans Voron, Sagi Golan Team | You-Chiao Wu, Mary Allen, Antonia Medina Site | Sunset Park, Brooklyn, NY
Resurgence of the industrial waterfront in Sunset Park has created a disconnect across the neighborhood. Framework offers new tactics to make Sunset Park residents a vital part of the growing development. Using streetscape intervention and underused educational and community space Framework offers programs that give residents new tools and skills to thrive in these growing industries. Additionally, Framework will create temporal spaces that will bring more visibility to the educational programs, while also offering new and changing open spaces in the neighborhood. The overall goal of this proposal is to create a woven network of public spaces across the neighborhood, drawing residents closer to their waterfront. PARTNERSHIP + EDUCATION At the core of this program is the partnerships created between incoming and established industries on Sunset Parks IBZ waterfront, and various Community Organizations located in the heart of the residential neighborhood. STREETSCAPE INTERVENTION To maintain visibility and generate interest and identity for the programs happening inside, a variety of tactics are used to bring it outside. SYNERGY The combination of these partnerships creates the framework to allow future interaction between the communities and industries to thrive, restoring trust and embedding these industries within the heart of the community.
PARTNERSHIP & EDUCATION
STREETSCAPE INTERVENTION
FRAMEWORK | ACADEMIC DESIGN
SYNERGY
Video & More
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
PARTNERSHIP & EDUCATION
Urban Agriculture Fashion Industry
Movie Industry
Church School
School
Library
School
High School
Church
INDUSTRY
COMMUNITY
For this design exploration we identified three examples of industries that have potential for growth in Sunset Parks waterfront industrial business zone. The garment industry, film industry, and urban agriculture and forestry.
We identified a variety of existing community spaces within the neighborhood including churches schools and libraries. We then established a hierarchy of spaces based on the availability of programming within the space, pairing specific programs to industries.
These three industries have the potential to make major growth in this district, and offer a wide range of employment opportunities for locals. More specifically these three industries offer jobs that require no college degrees, and have a high potential for growth for the employee within the business.
FRAMEWORK | ACADEMIC DESIGN
NETWORK Each industry interacts with the other creating micro links across the community.
Dedicated Bike Lane
STREETSCAPE INTERVENTION
Expanded Sidewalk Parking Buffer Improved crossing Garden Midians
streetscape intervention
street campaign- garment festival
street campaign- community farm YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
Waterfront mixed-use area
SPATIAL INTERVENTION The combination of these partnerships creates the framework to allow future interaction between the communities and industries to thrive, restoring trust and embedding these industries within the heart of the community.
SYNERGY FRAMEWORK | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Regenerate underutilized space
St
treetscape Interventions
Recycle of materials from movie industry
Regenerate space under BQE
Streetscape Interventions As demand for these existing community spaces rises, there is an additional opportunity to improve the streetscape surrounding these hubs. By first increasing pedestrian safety, and second by offering new small public spaces, the classrooms can grow outside, further promoting the campaign.
Regenerate underutilized space we see spaces under Gowanus Expressway as potential connections between the residential area and the waterfront area. Not only play a role in performance stages, which support the movie industry, spaces under the highway could also be a hub for streetscape furniture to be reused and assembled.
Reassemble and reuse material for pop-up events YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
SPATIAL INTERVENTION The combination of these partnerships creates the framework to allow future interaction between the communities and industries to thrive, restoring trust and embedding these industries within the heart of the community.
SYNERGY
Waterfront mixed-use area Extending people's daily life to reach the water, Sunset Park retrieves the working waterfront, and also leisure waterfront and learning waterfront.
Working
Recreation
Flooding line
FRAMEWORK | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Learning
76
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
02
ACADEMIC DESIGN
Symbiosis Habitat Re-Invent Process of Nature into Urban Environment through a Zoo-Function Metabolism
Date | 2017.02 - 2017.05 Individual Project Instructor | Yu-Lin Chen Site | Hsinchu city, Taiwan
AWARD 2018 Archiprix –the best thesis design / Participant 2017 The National Golden Award / the Best Newcomer Architect 2017 TEAM20-Architecture and urban planning competition / Sustainable Environment Special Award 2017 TEAM20-Architecture and urban planning competition / 1st place 2017 IEAGD-Taiwan 20 (6x2) / Top 20 Finalist+ Exhibitor 2017 NCKU Thesis Design Award / 1st place
A zoo is not a window through which nature reveals its entirety, but a prism which refracts whatever culture we project. But this land should exuberant its indignant sense of being. People possess and then are possessed by nature—from constructing a caging powerhouse to seeking a co-existing family. Man-made structures wear and tear into wilderness and into ruins, allowing more lives to be sheltered. In the 18th century, a zoo was a creation of Empiricism, which encouraged domestication and control over nature. In the 21st century, Empiricism abdicates and people view a zoo as a window to see nature. Still, a zoo is yet another un-natural existence. How do we withdraw this out-of-date/place existence and resume a space for lives that came before human invasion to return, to multiply into a blooming symbiotic environment?
Entry point: Hsinchu City Zoo Hsinchu city zoo is in Hsinchu central park, the center of Hsinchu city. I treat parks in the city as an extension of forests. By having people rest in the center of a park and be surrounded by nature, I hope to evoke people’s awareness that cities are part of earth. In this habitat, people’s status could be overthrown—from possessing nature to being possessed by nature. Through three main stage of metabolism in central park to reconstruct the urban habitat and ecosystem. In order to seek a co-existing balance within a city space, I studied Chinese “Yuan ye” Chinese traditional landscape and garden design methods, which I adopted to redesign and reorganize the urban landscape.
SYMBIOSIS HABITAT | ACADEMIC DESIGN
co-existing family
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
This is a process of people possessed nature and then are possessed by nature; from constructing a caging powerhouse to seeking a co-existing family.
SYMBIOSIS HABITAT | ACADEMIC DESIGN
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
SITE
Air Base University (large patch) High School/ Elementary School (small patch)
water way Farmer Field Hill/ Timberland/ Wood Cemetery
Potential Urban Patches
Conflict between Urban Expansion & Original Animal Habitats Hills and low mountain belts protect the original species that disappeared from the plain after this habitat was developed. Because of the landscape in Hsinchu and Miaoli, urban activities and protected wild animals have more interactions. I started to study possible habitats in Hsinchu and Miaoli regions. According to theories about habitats, cities have certain green spaces or potential “Patches” which are suitable habitats for wildlife. Should these spaces have passage ways for animals to move around, cities could create biological networks, which intertwine and overlap with the cities’ traffic networks. I have identified some potential patches in Hsinchu City, including parks, schools, open areas, rivers and water ways, which can form a network.
SYMBIOSIS HABITAT | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Rural Area- nature Urban Area- human Urban patch- nature Urban reserve park- nature Buildings in park- human
Suburb, Water, and Hill Wild animal roost near water, thus water areas of low mountain belt are likely the interaction places of people and hill fauna.
Hsinchu City, Taiwan
River & Waterway Lake & Reservoir Well & Channel Main Watershed Low Mountain Belt
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Build Up Biological Corridor [ Road adaptation ] Reduce road scale to decrease car speed. Provide some space and create double layer sidewalk for small animal path. Create continuous circulation on roof of buildings by cord or mesh.
The design strategy involves a process of degradation, in which obsolete objects—man-made constructions and landscape—gradually decay and turn into wilderness.
[ Animal Tunnel ]
[ Building reconstruction ]
Double layer sidewalk, and
Provide ground floor and part of ceiling for natural lighting.
Raising road of car to create tunnel for animal safe path.
There are THREE STAGES of this degradation and three boundaries that form and vanish in time.
Stage 1 Surrounding Area
According to Building Typology to Added Structures [ B-1 type ] row house without arcade
Establishing eco-corridors and buffer zones to connect surrounding mountains. After analyzing regional building varieties, corresponding structures could be added to areas of different functions and to passage ways in between. Then, roads and streets can play not only the role of connecting people, but also of bringing co-existing beings together. (now in Taiwan suburb area, 70% wild animal dead by roadkill)
[ C type ] two to three floors row house
[ B-2 type ] row house with arcade
[ C type ] single house with yard
[ D type ] sheet iron house
During this period, categorized species (A: exotic species; B: exotic but adaptive species; C: native species) would grow obsolete if not originated from this land. The established buffer zones around the park would limit urban activities and form an activity borderline.
SYMBIOSIS HABITAT | ACADEMIC DESIGN
A G
Main Patch
B
C
Corridor
D
E
B Hsinchu Transfer Station C Hsinchu Park D National Chiao Tung University
F
Patch
A Hsinchu Train Station
E High School F 18 Peaks Hill Park G Brown field YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
Stage 2 Zoo Transition Period focus on Hsinchu Central Park The zoo is still in use. However, large structures in the park return to wilderness gradually, while maintaining the minimal functions of the zoo with SHORT-TERM, SIMPLE STRUCTURES. Before the original zoo ceases to be operative, the old field and track would serve as temporary cages and vegetation displays. People continue to look at the animals but change their viewing perspectives.
P
The old stadium is stripped to merely keep the structure and shape, so that native species could spawn according to our conservation plans. Animals are no longer exhibited for show. If we are all individuals occupying the land and the forest, we should be equal. We hide behind buildings and bushes to peek.
Species Categorized
Carnivore Omnivore Herbivores Distribution in the park
Native Species
P
Indigenous species in hill and plain habitat
Exotic-Adaptive Species
Exotic, but can live in wild space without fostered
Exotic-Inadaptable Species
1 TIME TIME LINE TIME LINE
SYMBIOSIS HABITAT | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Existing Construction A Confucius Temple B Weather Station Monument C Japanese Royal Guesthouse D Japanese Lakeside Pavilion E Old field stadium F Hsinchu Stadium G "Narrator"-New building P Citizen Park Visitor & Keeper circulation Visitor circulation Park keeper circulation
C D
Boundary Adaptive species Inadaptable species
P
B
A G
E F P
2
3
4
外來種逝去外來種逝去 外來種逝去
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
Stage 3 Ecology Restoration
SYMBIOSIS HABITAT | ACADEMIC DESIGN
After non-native species die out and temporary structures rot into dirt, cages and their boundaries would be dismantled. Trees would grow into forests. Revived newborns would grow and return to their original forests, making the space a place for people to meet the original species and a place for more lives to thrive.
Working Station & Observing Path at Old field stadium
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
Keeper's Station
40% 30%
me
ti
0% A
0%
Wetland Observing Pavilion
D
Confucius Temple
Built at 1958
Keeper's S
Old field stadium
1969
50% 0% C
Japanese Royal Guesthouse
1936
Existing Construction Return to Wilderness Each existing construction is categorized to be at different stages of the “returning to wilderness” process in terms of: the level of human occupation, the growth of wild species, and the completeness of its structure.
SYMBIOSIS HABITAT | ACADEMIC DESIGN
0% B
Japanese Lakeside Pavilion
1931
Wildlife Shelter
Wildlife Observing Station
70%
70% 50%
Animal Restoration Site & Shelter
40%
Station
F
Weather Station Monument
0%
80%
1937
30%
E
70% 0%
Hsinchu Stadium
1997
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
The Narrator The only new building is a narrator in the whole process, serve with different programs at different stages. It is a tourist center and the observing zone for exotic animals. When the traditional zoo and the exotic animals pass, the building support local wild animal research team. The narrator is a media for people to observe. Observe the being they want to possess, but eventually observe the nature where they root. Finally, the narrator metabolize with public value and the time as well.
Zoo Tourist Center
exotic ferocious animal
SYMBIOSIS HABITAT | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Wild Animal Research Center/ Observatory
wild animal habitat
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
Underground Passage Entrance
Eventually, species on this land have their own shelter and shared habitat without invasion. Process of decay should also be counted in architecture design.
Sec
tion
Eventually, people can wander and watch in the new stadium structure where animals move freely, going up along the rising hills. The vegetation in the garden reflects people’s unyielding illusion of nature, which can still be altered as minds change. The entire evolving process is educational. When people understand that the wilderness that surrounds us is the true existence, the outward form will dissolve and the true nature would reveal itself. Traffic passing underground; researcher and restoration assistant continue staying at the site, and working underground.
SYMBIOSIS HABITAT | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Underground Plan_ Stage 3
e
Conservator Station Urban Side Park Entrance
Green House Restaurant
Old Field Stadium
Up-Lifting Garden
Wetland
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
Leopard Cat
Herpestes urva (mongoose)
Endangered species in Taiwan low mountain area
SYMBIOSIS HABITAT | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Chinese lesser civet
The architecture becomes a medium for us to understand animal habitats, and it also becomes a kind of animal shelter.
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
02
ACADEMIC DESIGN
Hub of lives A Re-Interpretation of Group-Linking Compound and Tainan's Locality Date | 2015.04 -06 Individual Project Instructor | Grace Mingen Chang Site | Tainan city, Taiwan
Locality reflects the reinterpretation of layers of accumulating spatial memories, determined by factors such as micro-climates, spatial scales, and textures that trigger recollections of the space. Architectures in cities not only document local changes, but also present the patterns and possibilities of human interactions. Tainan is the first city built by the government in Taiwan history. Therefore, despite political and economic transitions, the city still maintains its former atmosphere, which has not perished with the growth of the city. People still sip hot tea while enjoying cool breezes under trees. People set their tables at the front door to have dinner with neighbors. The bond between neighbors is warmer compared with those of other cities.
“Li-Chia-Ba-Boi?” (translation: Have you eaten yet?) is a common Taiwanese greeting that immediately brings out people’s sincerest care towards others. This project aims at adding this caring atmosphere of Tainan neighborhood into the project. The project concerns National Cheng Kung University’s dormitory located near the main campus area. The students there are often freshmen and sophomores who are mentally vulnerable for being so far away from home for the first time. Meanwhile, Tainan also has trouble taking care of senior citizens who live alone. Other than medical supports, people’s love and care can also support these elders. Suppose this courtyard can be a possible gathering hub for students and elders in addition to the friendly Tainan neighborhood atmosphere, the two separate groups can look after each other.
HUB OF LIVES | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Tainan Train Station NCKU
A C
E
B
D
G
F
A B C D E F G
Club Office Elderly Day Care Center Lecture Hall Community Center Farmer's Market Super Market Food Court
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
The design began with observations of Tainan street buildings and Min-Nan (Southern Fukien) traditional courtyards to see the spatial arrangements, scales as well as the inhabitants’ activities. Then, by applying the simulation analysis software to analyze the microclimate of the base, the routine of different ethnicity groups and when they use the space, the open area’s usage can be maximized under general circumstances.
Tainan Urban Context common residential and commercial mixed-use blocks
Road Area
Lane Area Courtyard
HUB OF LIVES | ACADEMIC DESIGN
W: H- 1:2
1:3 1: 0.8
traditional Chinese courtyard house
arrange courtyard space
reconstruct “back-to-back” spatial relationship: each of the two sides will face the business district or the neighborhood. Eventually, the higher and lower courtyards form a valley of dwellings.
massing
x 50
ard
rty
x 20
x1
x5
ng livoi om e t a r prpivace s Based on an open-area perspective, the design first deals with the different functions of areas around the base, and alter the scales of the streets so the spaces inside and outside of the base can be connected. Second, different functional courtyards are centers that hook up multiple dwellings. Third, semi-public areas (such as public living rooms) weave private areas together.
ed end oom extving r li
lic oom puvbing r li
ed ce end pa extreen s g
cou
As one floor descended into another and eventually down to the ground, the extra spaces are developed into vegetable patches and gardens. The entire space where students conduct club activities, the elders rest, farmers grow things, the neighborhood mingles eventually evokes communications and interactions between people of different ethnicities.
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
HUB OF LIVES | ACADEMIC DESIGN
HUB OF LIVES
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
5 10
20m
Community Lecture Hall Community Gym & Swimming Pool
Community Center
Lobby
Library
Super Market Food Court
1F Plan
HUB OF LIVES | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Student Club Classroom
Student Club Office
Library
Lobby Community Lecture Hall
Restaurant Elderly Day Care Center
Terrace
Super Market 2F
2F Plan
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
Student
Senior Citizen
Material
HUB OF LIVES | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Building Unit Plan
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
Micro-Climatic Analysis & Massing Strategy
The best ventilation time for natural wind: from April to October. Adding natural ventilation to reduce the reliance on air conditioning to the maximum. (spring, autumn, and summer night )
Sunshade Strategy
1. Courtyard—use object arrangements in the courtyard to block the shade in the open a Where there is more radiation, add more trees and built longer eaves. 2. House Unit—use the front and back of the massing, increase the eaves to increase mo ings.
Ventilation Strategy
1. Ventilation—seasonal winds on summer nights (south and south-eastern wind), and i spring and fall (north-western wind) 2. Break wind—winter (north-eastern wind)
HUB OF LIVES | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Analysis Tool: Grasshopper/ Ladybug Tools
area.
ore shad-
in
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
02
ACADEMIC DESIGN
Urban Filter Re-Weaving Urban Activities from the Perspective of Urban Water Cycle Date | 2016.10 - 2016.12 Individual Project Instructor | Chang, Ho-Ling Site | Happiness Canal area, Kaohsiung city, Taiwan
The water layer can be utilized through filtration, with us playing the final role in purification. The scale of public spaces, the way they are connected, and the degree of compactness in a city can create different atmospheres and affect the relationships between people. Studying Kaohsiung, a city of heavy industry facing industrial transformation, I find that the boundaries of the industrial zone from 30 years ago have gradually shifted, while the scale of existing urban planning has also transformed the living atmospheres of the different zones. We were a urban laboratory, research for each aspect of Kaohsiung, history, infrastructure, water system, urban context, weather, and economy. I was responsible for water system and infrastructure. And continuing my design with the relationship between drainage system and the city. Starting with the Kaohsiung water cycle, studies of urban water supply and drainage systems and their development have found that it took 70 years after the emergence of water purification plants that people consciously began setting up wastewater treatment plants to save polluted urban spaces.
URBAN FILTER | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Temple
Traditional Market
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
Site B
Site A Offi
ce
Hot e
l_M
Con d
om
iniu
m
Sc low hool/ -ris e offi
B C D F
Apa r
id-r
ise
tme
nt
ce_ M
Tow n
hou
se
B C D E F
ce
extr eme
spo rt
Active A
read
ing
Sedentary
Public Private
king wor Bexhibition C
F
mov
ie
walk pet
hi tai c
Regional Unlocal
URBAN FILTER | ACADEMIC DESIGN
e anc et d stre folk dance
E
n
itio
discussion
cul i
na
ib exh
ry
art
ing
concert
farm
biking
D
raci
ng
Offi
Urban Activity & Field Analysis Categorize
id
Site C Site D Site E
A
d-r
ise
Apa r
Tow n
hou
se
E F B D
tme
nt Con d
om
iniu
m
Co Apa mplex rtm ent
Apa r
tme
E F B nt+ Arc ade Tow n
hou
se
She hou et Me se tal
Each area has a different atmosphere created through different types of activity, which can be reinterpreted in interactive fields of varying scale or with lines of motion of varying speed. In analyzing the movement of water, I find two states: 1. Linear, speedy, and driven forward 2. Directionless and surrounded by individuals Applying this to urban activities, I find they can be re-woven through rhythms of the intersections of the two.
outfall
delivery pipe
sewage disposal station
drainage
service water
delivery pipe
water treatment plant
water supply station
source
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
Site A
Site B
Site C
Re-Integrating Urban Activity
I deconstructed the process by which water ultimately flows back to the ocean from its source and imagined human urban activity as following a similar form, constantly flowing and circulating. Activities in public urban spaces, interactions with crowds, and closeness to the environment are, for us, a kind of filtration and purification, a parallel to purification plants for water. The banks of the Happiness Canal, a tributary of Kaohsiung’s Love River, are the primary scope of this project. It maintain a recreative space field between two main commercial zone in Kaohsiung. Analyzing
URBAN FILTER | ACADEMIC DESIGN
surrounding activities and groups on regional, public, and dynamism levels, these urban activities are reorganized and injected into the site in an attempt to re-weave each zone of activity into an integrated system. At the various types of intersection, I find five nodes, which hypothetically form the intertwines of different relationships.
#Lectures #Open-Air Cinema #Concerts #Riverfront #Access #Product #Presentations #Markets #Dragon Boat Races #Road Runs #Street Workouts #Classrooms #Farmland
A
#Exhibitions #Interactive Shows #Dance #Student / Community Group Performances #Markets
B
#Markets #Farmland #Personal Studios #Classrooms
C C
extr eme
spo rt
Active
read
ing
Sedentary
king
exhibition
ry discussion
racin
g
e anc
walk pet
ina cul
ie
et d stre
hi
farm
tai c
source
n
water
water treatment water supply plant station
itio
service
folk dance
drainage
concert
sewage disposal station
ib exh
delivery pipe
ing
biking
mov
art
outfall
delivery pipe
Public Private
wor
Regional Unlocal
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
Site D
URBAN FILTER | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Site E
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
02
ACADEMIC DESIGN
Build Up A Classroom of Nature Design-Build, Participatory Design, and Community Development Date | 2017.03 - 2017.07 Instructor | Jian, Sheng-Fen Site | Nangan Island, Matsu, Taiwan Project Cost | 3000 USD My reponsibility | Design Director, Master Plan & Massing, Detail Design & Tectonic Research, Organize each Coworker's Task, Contractor
Build an "eco-classroom" with residents! The Matsu archipelago forms part of Taiwan’s outlying islands and takes some eight hours by boat to reach from mainland Taiwan. It has made a name for itself nationwide for its wealth of birds, unique traditional architecture, and place in wartime history. This was a project between the local Bureau of Cultural Affairs and National Cheng Kung University’s K-Studio. Our aim was to assist the local government in promoting tourism from an ecological education perspective. Over the course of about six months, we held three workshops in Matsu, including elementary school ecological education, a tree-house and wood deck design-build project, and finally the construction of an outdoor recreational space. To implement the construction, we also had to take into consideration the past meaning, current use, and future sustainability of the area. While the scale of the project was small, it was still substantial in how it linked the environment, people, time, and communities; how it linked designers, implementers, and users. We were a six-member team, and I was not only team leader, responsible for organizing all the information, assigning tasks, and contacting groups, but also in charge of the design, master plan, and structural design of the wooden platform. In addition to heading up design work, I also coordinated work and manpower during the construction period. This project present not only the architecture scheme design also the process of cooperation. And train me to be a listener, communicator and integrator, the important character for being an architect, designer, and innovator.
BUILD UP A CLASSROOM OF NATURE | ACADEMIC DESIGN
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
Site Selecting We hoped to start environmental promotion through education, and so to combine the three aforementioned characteristics of the archipelago, wealth of birds, unique traditional architecture, and place in wartime history, we chose a disused campground as our site which neighbors three traditional communities and connects with a local elementary school through an existing flora conservation trail. In addition to being a campsite, it can also become an outstanding outdoor classroom for teaching the elementary students about the environment.
Material and Method We used the abundant local granite and wood as the main materials, similar to the composition of traditional architecture in Matsu. Considering that things needed to be easy to use, I combined these two materials to create a gabion, a tool commonly used on sloping areas in Taiwan, using this as the primary structural element. However, as traditional gabions require a significant amount of wire, construction is not suitable for non-professionals. As such, I arranged with a supplier to order springs of appropriate size as components of the mesh, making it safer for local residents and volunteers to take part in the final part of the construction.
tree-top platform overlooks the flocks of birds that gather by the reservoirs next to the site
PARTICIPANT Design & Organize
Progress
NCKU K-Studio
Contact & Organize
Funding Source
Local Historians and Cultural Studio
Matsu Cultural Affairs Bureau
PHASE 1-3
TIME
PHASE 1
Wearable Interactive Device Design Elementary Ecology Education
BUILD UP A CLASSROOM OF NATURE | ACADEMIC DESIGN
3/29-4/3
WORKSHOP
Scheme Discussion & Bird Behavior Workshop
PHASE 2 Progress and structure Design Wood Platform & Tree House Design Resident Participatory Design
5/16-19
WORKSHOP Design Discussion
P
Matsu Characteristics
earthen kiln provides a place to cook on the campground
Material
wooden platform serves for education and camping
Assistant Team
Specialist the Association of Humanitarian Architecture
earthen kiln experts
Structure Engineer
PHASE 3
PHASE 2.5
7/3-7/16
local residents
volunteers
PHASE 1-3
PHASE 3
PHASE 3
Ecology Construction Design
Community Co-construction
Design Revision Construction Preparation
a wooden platform+ a tree platform + an earthen kiln
daytime_build the three structures evening_hold environmental and cultural talks and activities for volunteers and residents
YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
Community Co-construction
1
OBESERVATORY TREE PLATFORM tree drilling
two 2cm diameter hole minimum invasion of phloem and xylem
main girder
stiffener
beam
scaffolding
2
GABION +WOOD-DECK PLATFORM beam
gabion placement
construction layout manual excavation
girder orientation
beam placement
jois
Using module plates and angle steel for orientation gabion spring shape joint
gabion assembling granite crushing Resident Participated Part
3
TRADITIONAL EARTEHN KILN
build stack stone +soil base
BUILD UP A CLASSROOM OF NATURE | ACADEMIC DESIGN
insulation layer: recycle glass bottle
kiln interior surface: brick
wooden mold kiln opening+chimney
sta
st
acking cob brick
deck
baluster
joist
decking
PROFESSION LABOR TIME RESIDENT PARTICIPATE
PROFESSION LABOR TIME RESIDENT PARTICIPATE
decking
burn the wooden mold
PROFESSION LABOR TIME RESIDENT PARTICIPATE
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BUILD UP A CLASSROOM OF NATURE | ACADEMIC DESIGN
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ACADEMIC DESIGN
The Palace of Time Parchment Re-Invent Capital of Three Eras to Present Citizen's Daily Living Date | 2016.10 - 2016.12 Instructor | Luke Li Site | Kaifeng City, Henan Province, China Team | You-Chiao Wu, Tianyu Su, Lu Lian, Da Xu Project worked at Beijing Tsinghua University My reponsibility | Design the Daqing Palace renovation and exhibition space and architecture with Su Team Co-work | master plan/ archeology and renovation strategy/ field research
We hope to use the history as the base of renovation and use the space that meets the needs of modern cities to present the process of excavating the remains, the history and culture of the two dynasties, Song and Ming, showing the pattern of the Northern Song Dynasty and promoting the development of urban culture. Kaifeng is the capital of China's Northern Song Dynasty(around 1000 A.D.). The existing Longting Park is a historical building of the Ming Dynasty’s provincial capital(1300 A.D.). In 2016, the remains of the Northern Song Dynasty Palace were discovered under the lake. Therefore, the local government cooperated with the Architecture School in History of Tsinghua University to figure out future urban design and planning strategy of the site. This studio is based on history, proposes regional planning for the city, and my group was responsible for the Imperial City plan restoration and palace revitalization design. Our design have three main parts, the Song Imperial City Restoration Plan (Xu), the Daqing Palace as the symbolic landmark and the main node in the park (I and Su), and the palace wall-based site excavation and display unit (Lian). As the main historical exhibition and experience space, Daqing Palace echoes the Northern Song Dynasty gardens and hopes to integrate with the environment. The interior is built with Chinese traditional wooden roof trusses as the prototype to create a curved roof, reflecting the original scale of the Daqing Palace roof. The palace excavation starts with an axis of the Song Palace, uses excavation and display units to excavate the site; and uses the palace wall as tourist routes. Over time, the extensive scope pattern of the Northern Song Dynasty Imperial City will be gradually revealed. This is the studio I participated in when I was an exchange student at Tsinghua University in Beijing. From understanding the Northern Song Dynasty palace planning to field research, and communicating with local government officials. What impressed me was not only the design itself, but also the place that reflected the changes in the dynasties and the changes in people's values. THE PALACE OF TIME PARCHMENT | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Site Plan (Existing Longting Park)
Palace Garden
Daqing Palace
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City Garden
Palace axis
Longting (Ming Dynasty)
Underwater relic (Song Dynasty)
Existing Longting Park
Northern Song Dynasty artist's garden painting
archaeological site under the canopy
Reminiscences of The Eastern Capital According to Reminiscences of The Eastern Capital, vital literature, and paintings of North Song Dynasty, Xu imitate a copy of North Song Palace Plan. In the studio, we not only design the facade of this heritage, but also research in North Song's culture. I and Su tried to use a low-key position to reinvent the palace into a existing city park.
THE PALACE OF TIME PARCHMENT | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Roof of Daqing Palace
Hill-like Curves
North Yard is preserved as an archaeological park
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ACADEMIC DESIGN
Coliving Community Balizhuang Residential Area Planning & Regeneration Date | 2016.11-2016.12 Instructor | Xin Yuan Site | Balizhuang Subdistrict, Chaoyang District, Beijing Team | You-Chiao Wu, Shuang Yu Project worked at Beijing Tsinghua University
In the 1950s, Balizhuang East District was a key development area for the textile industry, and many textile factories and dormitories were built; in the 1970s, it began to develop in a disorganized way. In the 1990s, 5-6-story buildings were built adjacent to the factories, and the residential landscape was mixed. Since 2006, the original textile factory has been intentionally transformed into a creative park. This residential area is in the core area of present Beijing, which is close to public transportation and educational places, adjacent to Chaoyang Road and connects with Beijing Chaoyang Financial Center. On the other hand, the aged buildings are too crowded for the on-growing population and the disordered circulation also aggravate the situation. To meet the population density requirements of the plot and the affordability of residents, the unit area remains unchanged. But we reorganized the neighborhood starting by allocating main open spaces and connect each of them by green corridors. Studying the existing demography and site condition that this parcel is one of a few green field left in the CBD and a senior living community. We divided the parcel into three residential areas - an senior friendly area, a start-up coliving area, commercial housing. The old factory buildings are planned for a cultural exchange center. Considering the winter weather here leads to the main layout restriction- the strict local regulation of south-facing windows and the shade analysis. Also, every detail is considered, such as the relation between bathroom and insulation, the kitchen and working balcony. Since design eventually connect to the users' daily life and the living scenarios form the overall picture.
COLIVING COMMUNITY | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Site
Site Chaoyang CBD
Balizhuang East District
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Senior Housing
Condominium
Starup Coliving Community
Site Plan
Star-up Co-living Community
Vehicles Basement Parking Entrance
COLIVING COMMUNITY | ACADEMIC DESIGN
Senior Housing
Condominium
The residential area is pedestrian zone, Each small neighbor are connected by but remain street space for firefighting central courtyards and green ways. The zone. green way expand to the north city park and form a continuous green corridor.
Condominium
Starup Coliving Community
Senior Housing
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ACADEMIC RESEARCH
03 ACADEMIC RESEARCH YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
03
ACADEMIC RESEARCH
Bird Collisions in Urban Area Who Is The Bird Killer? FALL 2019 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS Instructor | Leah Meisterlin Team | You-Chiao Wu, Yile Xu, Wei Zhang Site | Toronto, Ontario, Canada
While the loss of habitat is the major issue causing the decline of bird populations, those man-made structures that make up modern city skylines and take up avian air space also present serious hazards for birds. In North America, collisions with human made structures are the second biggest threat to bird populations apart from habitat loss. It is estimated that more than hundreds of millions of birds die each year because they fly into man-made structures such as buildings, vehicles, communication towers, power lines and wind turbines. This study aims to identify what kinds of buildings in the city are the bird killers, as well as what specific elements of the buildings contribute most to the collision of birds, thereby instructing the location and design of those threatening structures.
Research Questions: Is bird death of collision a seasonal issue? What are the most serious bird killer elements in urban areas? Conclusion What matters most is whether the buildings have reflective glass curtain walls. Since birds perceive glass to be unobstructed passageway and fly towards the glass with no awareness of an obstacle. Moreover, bird collisions are more likely to happen when trees and glass buildings coexist. The reason is that architectural glass reflects the sky, clouds, or nearby trees and vegetation, reproducing habitat familiar and attractive to birds. Understanding the conditions that contribute to bird collisions with buildings is only the first step we can do towards planning bird-safe environments. According to the study, more and more actions such as building construction guidelines can be taken to protect birds life.
BIRD COLLISIONS IN URBAN AREA | ACADEMIC RESEARCH
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CITY SCALE ANALYSIS
BIRD DEATH DENSITY (per Square Foot)
We joined the bird collision location to Toronto neighborhood boundary, trying to find out the neighborhoods with the highest number of bird collision. As a result, most of the bird collision happened in Toronto city center. So, we want to further make sure if it is because of the building height and building density in downtown Toronto is much higher than other area in the city.
Bird Collision Location Bird Death Per Neighborhood 0-5
330 - 1100
6 - 20
1100 - 2500
20 - 70
2500 - 5300
70 - 190
5300 - 9300
190 - 330
9300 - 22100
0
BIRD COLLISIONS IN URBAN AREA | ACADEMIC RESEARCH
0.7
1.4
2.1
2.8
Miles
BUILDING HEIGHT The higher the average building height, the greater the number of bird deaths.
Building Density
0.4-0.5
0.1-0.2
0.5-0.6
0.2-0.4
0.6-0.89
Building Density and Bird Death Areas with higher building density have more bird deaths.
Tree Density per Feet2 0.000059 0.000131 0.000132 0.000172
0
2.3
4.6
7
Miles
0.000173 0.000204 0.000205 0.000240 0.000241 0.000282
Tree Density and Bird Death
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DOWNTOWN TORONTO
Bird Collision Location Bird Death Per Neighborhood 0-5 6 - 20 20 - 70 70 - 190 190 - 330 330 - 1100 1100 - 2500 2500 - 5300
BIRD DEATH DENSITY (per Square Foot) ZOOM IN TO DOWNTOWN TORONTO In order to exclude the element of population density, we zoomed in to the downtown Toronto with a relatively even population density.
TAKE AWAY:
Building Height Is Not Directly Related To Bird Collision BIRD COLLISIONS IN URBAN AREA | ACADEMIC RESEARCH
5300 - 9300 9300 - 22100
Bird Collision Location Death Count
Building Height 50-75
175-200
0-170
75-100
200-225
170-630
100-125
225-250
630-1420
125-150
250-275
1420-3100
150-175
275-300m
3100-6660
Analysis Area
Analysis Area Miles
0
0.1
0.2
0.4
BUILDING HEIGHT
METHOD
NUMBER OF DEATH CAUSING BY EACH BUILDING
Find the nearest building of each death point
Aggregate the number of being the nearest building for each building
Darker the building is, more death near it. YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
BUILDING MATERIAL 82.5% Collision are in the 6.4 meter-buffer zone of Glass Building
1
2
Collision Point Glass Building
Distance To Nearest building
Non-Glass Building
6.4 m 58.7 m 82.5% 6.4m
Collision are in the 6.4 meter-buffer zone of
Glass Building
Miles 0
Glass Building
Bird Collision In Glass Buffer Area
Glass Building Buffer
Bird Collision Location
Non-Glass Building
Analysis Area
BIRD COLLISIONS IN URBAN AREA | ACADEMIC RESEARCH
0.15
0.3
TREE DENSITY & Mirror Effects Trees reflected on normal glass window could still have serious consequences.
Trees
Death Point Without High Reflection Glass
Overlay tree and death points. Some place have high density of collision but without high reflecting glazing. This result indicate when trees reflected on normal glass window could still have serious consequences.
Glass Building Non-Glass Building Bird Collision Location Tree
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ACADEMIC RESEARCH
Tomihiro Museum Optimization Circle Packing Layout Issue SPRING 2020 GENERATIVE DESIGN Instructor | Danil Nagy Team | You-Chiao Wu, Chris Zhang, Annie Wu, Mansoo Han Media | Grasshopper, Discover, Kangaroo This project is using generative design tools for developing an architectural plan for a museum using certain design language. In this case, we refer to the Tomihiro Museum designed by AAT + Makoto Yokomizo Architects, which uses circles as the primary geometric element.
Understanding there were many more considerations involved the an actual design project, we start by conceptualizing the generation of this layout as a circle packing problem. The primary goal is to maximize the total area of the circles within a given boundary while minimizing the ‘leftover’ ones in between different circles.
For traditional design methods, this initial step could be a rather random process. But with this level of simplification, generative design approaches can review a wide variety of initial schemes and help select the more optimal ones before giving to further judgments by designers.
Considering the practicability of turning the generated output into an architecture plan, there are certain rules to follow for the generative process: 1. Each circle has one single function; 2. The core functions open to visitors are arranged in a certain sequence, i.e., entrance - lobby - anterior room - exhibition hall; 3. The core functions open to visitors mostly occupy the space around the center while the supporting functions distributed on the periphery; 4. The ‘leftover’ space enveloped by circles would be considered as a courtyard when larger than 15 sqm. Otherwise, it would be considered unusable.
Video & More
CIRCLE PACKING OPTIMITZATION | ACADEMIC RESEARCH
Existing Plan of Tomihiro Museum, aat + makoto yokomizo, 2005 Dead Space /Unoccupiable Space
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Build Up Parametric Model (a) Entrance
(b) Trajectory of the Lobby
(c) Lobby
(d) Trajectory of Anterior Rooms
(e) Anterior Rooms
(f) Trajectory of Exhibition Rooms
(j) Exhibition Rooms
(h) All Core Programs
Local Optimization: Operation of Kangaroo of Circle Packing, Part One
Already in tangent
Too far away
Overlapped
Already in tangent
Too far away
Overlapped
Operation of Kangaroo of Circle Packing, Part Two
Defining Boundaries based on optimized circles
CIRCLE PACKING OPTIMITZATION | ACADEMIC RESEARCH
Set Up Evaluation Parameter Use tangent properties to create packed circles
General outdoor space
Programs of service area: Make tangent circle in those outline circles
Programs of small service area: Fill the “in-between” space
Outdoor space < 15 sqm
Outdoor space > 15 sqm
Evaluation of occupied outdoor space
Delaunay Triangulation applied to subdivide the larger space for further categorization. Figure out the outdoor spaces which are too narrow, even the area of them are larger than 15 sqm.
Narrow area in “outdoor space group”.
Occupiable Outdoor Space
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Inputs, Constrains, and Objectives for Generative Design
Inputs Continues input to determine the center location of the entrance by having the parameter on the trajectory of the entrance circle from Discover.
Continues input to determine the center location of the lobby by having the parameter on the trajectory of the lobby circle from Discover.
Continues Input to determine the center locations of the anterior by having the parameter on the trajectory of the anterior circles from Discover. Three parameters for three anterior.
Categorical Input to determine the sequence and the target anterior to put exhibition circles in. Continues Input to determine the center locations of the exhibitions by having the parameter on the trajectory of the exhibition circles from Discover.
Constrain
Objective
Outdoor space to be less than 350 m²
1. To minimize ‘useless space’.
While there’s no direct objective for maximizing indoor space, this constraint is necessary to make sure the supporting areas are large enough within the square boundary.
CIRCLE PACKING OPTIMITZATION | ACADEMIC RESEARCH
Sequence Input to determine the sequence and the target boundary circle to put service circles in.
2. To minimize overlapped areas.
70 X 70 DESIGN ITERATIONS 70 generations, 70 designs in each generation
The Discover algorithm will pick the best design in each generation for the start of next generation. So after generations, we could observe a trend what type of arrangement is closer to the objectives.
Overlay 70 design in each generation. From the trend we could find out that the design with lobby(yellow) locates at center tend to be closer to the objectives.
GENERATION 01
GENERATION 07
GENERATION 15
GENERATION 30
GENERATION 38
GENERATION 46
GENERATION 54
GENERATION 62
GENERATION 70
Information Lobby
Anterior Exhibition
Small Service
Service YOU CHIAO WU PORTFOLIO | MEDIUM |
DISCOVER REPORT
The design with
The least useless area CIRCLE PACKING OPTIMITZATION | ACADEMIC RESEARCH
The design with
The smallest overlap area
Optimal Design Result
machine room1 small exhibition hall1
storage for works
machine room2
anterior room 1
courtyard
exhibition hall1 auditorium courtyard
exhibition hall 2 lobby
carry-in space
information
anterior room2 exhibition hall 3
office
exhibition hall 4
office
cafe shop
lounge 1 lounge 3
Optimal Design Result Each of the design location on the optimal curve of the chart has it own strength in particular performance. The first final optimized result get selected is the one which has the least useless space. The lobby sits in the center of the whole space, surrounded with entrance and anterior rooms. In addition, the outdoor spaces tend to embrace the lobby in the center, instead of spreading the whole space of the museum. However, the results could also be selected based on several other subjective criteria, such as results with the most fun layout (dynamic geometries of outdoor space).
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