yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
qkdif;rldif:rmef; wgef;vdefckduf.wgef:rhm(2)rldif:]o}
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o} yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o} xj,evkrf: auj,rwD,efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef. yD< 2012 vldefqkef,(15)oef:?
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
wD;ygif, acj;bldif:rhm (wdif,au,w) pgif;umefvlif wD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}eh.-
1/
vmofvSif - rhmxkdif yj,wD,cgwf,cgwf,vldwf;zgrf.plrf; rldif:]o}/
2/
ugif:vghrl:_omef;_oAif:_wmif: - rhmxkdif vgif;auj,Omif; oAif:_omef;/
3/
cgyf,olif: zldofrh.eef. - rhmxkdif vgif;irf:bAef/
4/
(sz:qlof:)-rhmxkdif pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}/
5/
pmif;rmuf,avj.-rhmxkdif ulef:pAwf:umefefG:rldif:sv; ayj;ph;sr;ej:cof/ 2
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
qkdi;f rldi:f rmef;? wge;f vdecf kdu.f wge:f rhm(2)rdli:f ]o} pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o} yuf:ylid f rhmrD;tkyf.yaw, (qlof;cmof:)
ulef:rldif:ul;qmof:cldof: rldif:]o}eh.? bdyf:vmuf,emuf; ugif;uif; wlif.ekdifumefyhm:rldif:(awj,vef,ab:)rj:cmof: pkdifsv; efG:zgif:bmrf: ckdef:cgwf,zgwf,yluf:wif;umef rl d i f : bl , eh . ? bl , ef G : ayj;vOD , acj;qd s ewmif : yj,wD ,cgwf ,vld wf ;zgrf .pk rf ;rld if :]o} tgef plof erf :ej; sv; rl,qkrf:ulef:(tzgh.tOD:)cof? qmof:cldof:ygif: qkif;? yluf.ulof,ulef: zhm,zj,Oj,ygif:qkif; ul;qef. 3
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
xmef? ulef:pAwf:umef ul;Omif.Omif.? zl;auj,Omif;irf: bAefckdef;bfG, qldof:eh.? yAefulef:qmof:cldof:tefukduf. erf .vdef pdef zj uld wf,plrf ;uefrj: efG:qkdif :rldif :pkrf ; wk r f r mef ; sv; pk r f ; pg r f : uef b l , ef G : zS e f , vd e f tkyf.yldif;pmif:acj qmof:cldof:]o}bof./ acj;bldif:tmef: tefOkifOkwf:eef. yAefzl;puf.qldof.qmwf;? puf. omef;rldif:]o}sv; urf.xSrfumefrldif:]o} rj:? qmif;zgwf, zgh.oh.yAef wyf.plrf;pgrf:vlif tefekdif;bof./ ef G : iof ; pmuf ; rh m rD ; (tk y f . yaw,) rl d i f : ]o}eh . ? auj,rwD, yj,wD,cgwf,vldwf;zgrf.plrf;rldif:]o} tgefplof xlof:ej;aO? eif,pkdof vguf:yldif(qedwf.)umefwldif, ymif,yhm:rldif:-rldif:]o} awckdef;bfG,wlof:wgef:sv; ref; ukdrf:uGj,wmif:ej;eef.? ulef:rldif: ul;qmof:cldof: aw vh;cof;yj: wlif.ekdif qgh;xSrfpAwf:Omif; P;ckdef;bfG, wlof:wgef:/ pgif;umefzhm,uldof:ukrf(wldif,ymif,)umefrldif:rldif:]o}? ul;qmof:cldof:tefbl,plrf;pgrf:uefefG:rldif:]o}eh.? yA ef zl;pef vDyefpSif :umefrldif :]o}? yAef zl;puf .qldof . qmwf;qmof:cldof:rldif:]o}bof./ auj,rwD, yj,wD,cgwf, 4
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
vl d w f ; zg r f . pl r f ; rl d i f : ]o} tg e f p l o f x l o f : ej;eef . ? wg e f ; wj, ul ; qmof : cl d o f : cof awvh ; pl r f ; pg r f : uef pAwf:Omif;uGj,eef.? vgif;cgwf,zgwf,yluf:wif;pgif;umef wD;uldof:ukrfumefrldif:eh. yAefwgef;(uef,w) vrf, vgif ;(tab:bf G , ) tef xk uf , vD :rD : yld if ek d if ; bof . / vgif;wlif.ekdif umefrldif:-rldif:]o}eh.? eif,pkdofumeftkyf. yldif; vhm:plrf ;pgrf :wD ,rlof ,uaI,OD , awpldof;pldif :yldif:OfG eef .? yA ef wgef ;(uef ,w)vrf ,vgif; tef xk uf ,vD cgwf,zgwf,yluf:wif;bl, tefoj;eef. vh;wSyf:wwf: ruf:ref;oh .bl,bof ./ wgef;wj,cgwf,vdlwf;zgrf.plrf; sv;yAefwD;rlof,uaI,OD,eh.? yAef wgef; (uef,w) vlif pgif;umefzhm,tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]0} cyf.cdkifwrf: omif : yg u f ; xl e f ; (2)bof . / rl d o f ; yD < 1992 ck ? vl d e f at,yIl d v f ( 18)oef : eef . vh ; qwf : pA w f : ymif uk rf vlif yguf ;xlef ;(1)wD ; sq;wgef ;rld if :rf G ,bof .wlof ; tg i f , rS i f , rj:bl , bof . / wj,ol e f , yk e f ; zg e f : vl i f yg if qk d if ; rld if :]o}pof :cof pmyf , pmrf eef .?tof O ef , w umif q f G ayj;sr;ul e f : rl d i f : ul ; qmof : cl d o f : rl d i f : ]o}aO 5
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
wmif w l o f pA w f : Omif ; umef i mef : rj:? yk d e f : (Ork d i f : ) vrf ,vgif ;tab:bfG ,qld of :eef . vh ;pA wf :azj;erf . azj;wlofsv; rD:zgef:vDtuABof: wj,omef;rldif:rj:bl,/ ef G : qmof : cl d of : ul e f : yg i f : qk if ; rld if : ]o}eh . ? rld e f e if , oj;rj:eef .-cgwf , vld wf ; zg rf . plrf ; uef ? rD :Ok ef , vh ; zA if ; yA if : ? qgh ; xS rf _ yld if ;td if uef ? rl, qk rf : eif , uef uyf:Okdyf,_wdwf:awj,uef? pAwf:vgif;zgrf.plrf; umifrl, qkrf:ulef:? ckdef;Omif.cdkef;Okifrldof:ej;/ efG:wlif;oGmif, yluf . ul of ,ul ef : cof s v; zh m ,zj,Oj, bk rf ,brf uld of :vD qldof:eef.? bl,efG:umefauj,Omif;rldif:]o}eh.? cof;yj: wlif.ekdifpAwf:Omif;qgrf:vh;bl,/ cof;pmyf,xrf:efG:qlof; ykd ef:rfG,ymef wD,rlof ,uaI,OD, wyf .plrf;ygif:vlif ulef : rldif:]o}bkdif;zldrf.xSrf tAefpSif:ckdefbfG,ref;ukdrf:? wgef; wj,vh;qef.rdlif: ul;qmof:cldof:tkyf.yldif;pmif:acj? ul;qmof: cldof:rldif:]o} cgwf,vldwf;zgrf.plrf;uef ref;uSef;cof;ygh: wk d uf :bl,eh .? ref :yA ef vmuf ,emuf ,quBK, Iwej, Twj:crf:_OSif tefvrf,vgif;(tab:bfG,) tefekdif; bof.aO awbkdif;ref;ukdrf:? awbkdif;ckdef;bfG,wlof: 6
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
wgef:rj:vldofuof,/ ohm:aO yluf:wif:tmrf:emwf; (tjej,) vlifygif qkdif;rldif:]o}bof.eef.? pgif;umefzhm,tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:rldif:]o}eh.? vgif;yhm:rldif:? vgif;ulef:sv; vgif;rdkwf,ukdof: Olduf,Omrf, qgrf:rldif:pdrf:pgrf:qldof:eh.? vh;cof;yj: wlif. ekdif? cyf.ckdif;pAwf:Omif;umefrj:bl,bof./ umefvrf, vgif;tab:bfG,qldof:eef . pmyf,xrf: pAwf :Omif;vh ; tgif,rSif,rj:bl,/ rldof;yD< 1989 ck? vldefatyIdlvf (17)oef :? rld if :]o} zmwf ,tguf ,aO qk rf :(y.u.y) cgrf,rdof,edwf.yj,wD, rldif:rmef;bof.eef.? Omefcwf: yS wf ;tj,ej, vgif ;tof oj,w umif qf G auj.vA of e ef .? cgwf ,zgwf ,yluf :wif ; tmrf :emwf ;(tjej,) tkyf .yld if ; vlnf;vhm:wD,rlof,uaI,OD,? zknf;OAef;wmif: ayj,v OD, wj,auj,Omif;irf:bAef? vgif;auj,Omif; umefrmuf;rD: cdk ef ;bfG <wlof :wgef :(aoe*Fr[mAsL[m)qld of :eh .vh ; cyf.ckdif pAwf:Omif;rj:bl,bof./ efG:Oldif,wldif:rldif:]o}eh.? tefplyf:xlyf.pefbl, zgif :bmrf :vA of sw.? yld if vlif (txd u)tef awxlyf : 7
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
vgif;bmyf;eef.? yAefcldif;clof:(bkuf,okwf,xk)sv; vgif; bl,Oof:? vgif;zAif;si;pdwf,xkif: ul;qmof:cldof:wSuf, wmif,uef tefawszwldef:uGj, ekdif;oef:awj,ekdif; oef: wif:ej;/ umefyluf:ygifzoefG:umifulef:rldif:ygif: qkif;cofeh. wluf:vkdef:ukdwf.vifrj:cmof:pkdif/ bgef.yldof; trf,qmif;tguf,tAefpSif:qgh;xSrf efG:umifumefrl,qkrf: qld of : eh . bof . / yk ef ; zg ef : ul ; qmof : cld o f : rld if : ]o} ul;vgif;vgif; awvh;pAwf:Omif;uGj, efG:zgif:ykdef:rfG,eh.? rk d of :cgef , ek d if ;eef . bk uf .wk if :(tvrf , ) vgif ; irf : bAef? rkdof:cgef,ekdif;eef. bdyf:vmuf,emuf,ugif;uif;? bkuf.wkif:(tvrf,) wj,uSwf,scwlofuof,/ vlof,vh;cmrf, wk u f : cmrf , bmyf , ? bmif ; ql : OA e f ; wmif : uwf : bA e f auj,Omif; rmuf;rD:ckdef;bfG,wlof:wgef:bof./ Oldif;wldif: rldif:]o}eh. awvh;cwf:qfGpAwf:umef? zknf;OAef;wmif: vgif ;xk uf ,tguf , uk ef ,clof :uj.sv;Oif ? vgif ;uk ef ,Zhm ph ; _ej:sv;Oif ? (Od y f . yrf , )ED : yd i f n j,yh m :Oh m < umefOkduf:qldof:eh. P;ckdef;bfG,ckdwf:umyf;/ bkuf.Okif wD ; rl o f , uaI,OD , qS w f ; qmif ; rl w f : Of G a O yl u f : yg i f 8
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
auj,Omif;rldif:]o} yAefrldif:bfG,vlif/ rkuf.qkrf:pgif;umef zhm,tkyf,ukrfumefrdlif:-rldif:]0}cofeef.? awvh;bdyf: ref; yefpSif: tefyj,wD,cgwf,vdlwf;zgrf.plrf;rldif:]o} tgefploferf :ej;aO pA wf:Omif ;uGj,/ umef auj,Omif ; rldif:]o} ul;zhm,zhm, qldof:eef. vlof,vh;yj:qfG yj:acj: aO pyf.cmrf,yefpSif:uGj,/ eif,pkdof vgif;zgrf.plrf; ul; qmof:cldof:rldif:]o} awqkuf:ref;edrfOof:sv; trf,uldif: Ohm.uldif:cGj vlof,vh;sp.uif;xdif:Odrf:uGj,/ wgef;wj, vgif ;zgrf .plrf ; rl,qk rf :wyf .plrf ;ygif :vlif rld if :]o} aw ck d e f ; bf G , ref ; uk d r f : eef . yA e f v h ; uj;pl d o f a uj; tof pSif:wlof? pSif:nmef,? pSif:ydif,nj,wmif:arjaO Olef: wkrfayj;sr;ulef:rldif:ul;qmof:cldof: cgwf,vldwf;zgrf.plrf; uef ? Ol e f : wk r f u l e f : vh ; uj;pk d o f ; auj; Ol e f : wk r f P;yA ef erf .ekd if ;qfG vA of uef ? tof vgif ;ckd ef ;bfG ,sv; vgif ;uwf :bA ef Olef :wk rf ? wlnf :xd if : iof :vh m:t acB,tae, umefyhm:rldif:/ wgef;wj,rl,ulef:(vl.abmif) efG:avj:ueh. awyluf:ygifvh; vhm:tkyf.yldif;cgyf,irf: vlnf;vhm:wD,rlof,uaI,OD,sv; rD:Okef,vh;tkyf.yldif; 9
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
wSyf:wwf:rhmrD;tkyf.yaw,eef. vlof,wkduf:Olef:uGj,/ Eif,pkdof umefyluf:ygifauj,Omif;rldif:]o}ul;zhm,zhm, ayj: awpAwf:vh; azj;erf.sewlofsv; qAof:ckdef;bfG, zfG:zhmeef. ulef:rldif: ul;qmof:cldof:rldif:]o}wif:OAif; zgrf.uefcwf:qfGpAwf:Omif;uGj,sv;pof:J! pg i f ; umef zh m ,tk y f , uk r f u mef r l d i f : -rl d i f : ]o}eh . ? awvh; tgefplofxlof:ej; pAwf:Omif;qgrf: acj;wkduf: Olef : yj,wD ,cgwf ,vld wf ;zgrf .plrf ;rld if :]o}eef .bof .? qmof:cldof:ygif:qkif; tefbl,plrf;pgrf:uef efG:Oldif,wldif: rldif :]o}eh.? trf,qSuf,szqldof .cldof:? trf ,qSuf ,sz ygwf:wgef;wD;bl,? qmof:cldof:]o}auj; trf,qmif;zmwf, bmefaO wmif,qmof :cldof:cof? wmif,qmof:cldof:cofauj; awj,aw trf ,qmif ;zmwf ,tguf ,aO qmof :cld of :]o}/ eif,pkdofvgif;zgrf.plrf; qmof:cldof:awref;ukdrf: bkdef: bmof:sv;Oif? qmof:cldof:eif,uef P;ayj:arjpuf.pgrf qgh ;xS rf yef pS if :uef sv;Oif vlof ,urf .xS rf yef pS if : uGj,/ wgef;wj, ul;qmof:cldof: ayj:awbl,vh;plrf;pgrf: 10
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
uef ref;ukdrf:bkdef:bmof:rldof:ej;eef.? qgrf:eif, cyf.rhmOAef;wmif:ayj,vOD,rD:oh.eef.? vlof,vh;vlvgrf wlnf:xkdifuef? qgh;xSrfyefpSif:uef? rD:vgif;vDvgif; qj.qkdif.pkdofauj;? vlof,qhg;uefpmyf,pmrf? qplrf,cD vDplrf, qmrf, eif,oj;eef.bof./ efG:Oldif,wldif:rldif:]o}eh.? yld i f vl if r ef : ayj,vOD , OA e f ; wmif : vg i f ; bl , Oof : tefrD:efG:ayj;sr;ulef :rdlif:coffeef.? yefpj(yBwf. Oej,)bf G , vl i f eh . ? tof qg r f : eif , umef yh m :rld if : oj; tk yf ,tlof :wld if ,ymif ,uef ? yef wmif :pk(tuBrf ,nmef ,) sv; rlef.sr:xwf:Omif;ueftefoj;eef.? yAefvhm: cyf.ckdifuBif.urfbdyf:wkdof: OAef;wmif:vmh:wD,rlof,aI,OD, tefazj;erf.azj;wlofbof./ pgif;umefzhm,tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rdlif:]o}cofeh. vgif; wl if . ek d if pA wf : Omif ; ul ; vg if ; vg if ; eh . ? qg rf : eif , tefyj,wD,cgwf,vldwf;zgrf.plrf;rldif:]o}cof wrf:omif: OAef;wmif:ayj,vOD,qldof:eef. pyf.cmrf,yAef iof;pmuf; acj;qdqSif;ref:aO pAwf:Omif;uGj,qgrf:/ 11
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
wgef;(1) cyf.rhm umefimef:ul;vgif;vgif;/ pgif ;umef zh m,tk yf ,uk rf umef rld if :-rld if :]o}cof eh . auj,rwD, efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef.sv; auj,rwD,efG:aq, wgef;? aq,oAif: ul;Omif.Omif.cof? rhmrD;tkyf.yaw, cyf.rhmumefimef:ul;vgif;vgif; sv;acj;wSyf:wwf: yuf: yldifqD:umef:efG:rl,qkrf:eef. xj,esv; yluf.ulof,ulef: tefcof;yj:efG:rl,qkrf:eef. rD:tcGmif.tjej,? rD:wj, olef,ykef;zgef: cof;yj:sp.umif; cyf.ckdifqgrf:vh;bl,/ 1/ pgif ;umef zh m,tk yf , uk rf umef rld if :-rldif :]o}eh . ? auj,rwD ,efG :rld if :ywf .ykd ef .sv; auj,rwD ,zl;rD :yk ef ; zgef:efG:aq,wgef;? sq;oAif:ul;Omif.Omif. vlof,vh; wlif.ekdif pAwf:Omif;qgrf:cgyf,yldif acj;wSyf:wwf: zhm,tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}coffeef.bof./ 2/ pgif;umefzhm,tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o} auj, rwD, efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef.sv;auj,rwD,zl;rD:ykef;zgef: 12
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
ef G :aq,wgef ;? aq;oA if :ul;wD ;wD ;cofeh .? yld if vlif (txd u )ej;umef c of e h . ? awvh ; tk y f , tl o f : wl d i f , ymif, vgif;umefyhm:rldif:? wj,P;rD:wD,rlof,uaI,OD,eef. awvh ;vlvgrf wlnf :xkdif sv; cof ;yj:tk yf,ukrf ilyf .id efG:umefyhm:rldif: qldof:eh.bof./ vgif;cof;yj: tkyf,tlof:wldif,ymif, efG:umefyhm:rldif: eef.? yAefayj,vOD, acj;qdsewmif: tefvrf, vgif;(tab:bfG,)wgef;wj,rldif:]o}bof.? vgif;umefrldif: sv;Oif? vgif;umefrmuf;rD:qD:ygj:sv;Oif? vgif;umef rkuf.qkrf:ulef: (vl.tzgh.tOD:)sv;Oif? vgif;bl, Oof:zoulef:qldof:eh .sv;Oif? umef tefawqmif; arjyAef yef pj(yBwf .Oej,)bfG,vlifeef .? tgef ej; yh,wSyf: wwf:ruf:ref; ej;umefeef.? Vlof,pAwf:ymif tkyf,tlof:sv; ilyf.idwldif,ymif,uefOif:vif:? xkdifwD; wSyf:wwf:ruf:ref;uGj,bof. vlof,cyf.ckdifpAwf:qgrf: P; azj,erf.azj;wlof/ eh.yAefyldof;wj, bj,P:rD:yef pjyBwf . Oej,bf G , vl i f ul d w f , ck d e f ; rj:eef . bof . / pgif ;umef zhm,tkyf ,uk rfumef rldif :-rld if :]o}eh .? auj,rwD , 13
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
ef G : rld if : ywf : yk d ef . sv; auj,rwD , zl ;rD : yk ef ; zg ef : efG:aq;wgef;? aq;oAif: ul;Omif.Omif.cof? qgrf:eif, acj;pefxkdif yj,wD,cgwf,vdlwf;zgrf.plrf;rldif:]o}cofsv; rl,qkrf:ulef:(tzgh.tOD:)cof wmif,vof; bgef:xkdif eef .? efG:rl,qkrf:ulef:?(tzhg.tOD :)cof? zl;rD:wj, olef,ykef;zgef:cof? qmof:cldof:ygif:qkif;? yluf.ulof,ulef: zhm,zj,Oj, Oj,Oej,cofsv; zl;wmifwlofefG:rl,qkrf: cof tefckdef;pgwf,efG:ymifukrfeef .? vgif;tkyf,tlof: wldif,ymif,uef? (trf,eef) rldefeif, xj,e tef vmwf ;serj:yj,eldof qldof :tef uAof ;cgif ;qgrf : yefpj (yBwf.Oej,)bfG,vlifqldof:eh. wmif,yBaO tkyf,tlof:? ilyf.id wldif,ymif,uefvh;bl,/ vgif;vlvgrfwlnf:xdif: wD,rlof,uaI,OD, tefoj; eef.. yAefwj,vlof,uBif.urfbdyf:wkdof: pAwf:Omif;qgrf: iof;pmuf;rhmrD;(tkyf.yaw,)rldif:]o}sv; tefuAof;vlnf; qgrf:rhmrD;(tkyf.yaw,)efG:ygwf:wgef;qldof:eef.bof./ ayj,vOD ,acj;qd s ewmif : tef v rf ,vgif ;(tab: bfG,)rldof;uBif.urfbdyf:wkdof: azj;erf.azj;wlofeef.? 14
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
awvh ; yef w mif : pk ( tuBrf , nmef , )? xwf : Omif ; rl ef . sr:(ao,zef , )sv; vl vg rf wln f : xd if : umef tef u A o f , cg i f ; xje,vk r f : yg i f u mef r l d i f : ]o}cof s v; tefuAof,cgif;qgrf:ej;umef zl;pmyf,umefrldif:cof pAwf: Omif;oh. rldof;tgefwmif:qldof:eef.? yAefqldof:eh.bof./ wj,cof;yj:tkyf,ukrfwldif,ymif, ej;umef yhm:rldif:eh. awvh;vAyf;pAef: (av.vj,)pkxkdif umefyhm:rldif:rldif:]o} ugef,? sw,tofumefyhm:rldif:? umefrmuf;rD:OD:ygj:? umef ydif,nj,vduf;vhm:sv; vgif;umefbl,umefudef efG:ulef: rldif:cof? yefpj (yBwf .Oej,)bfG,vlif vgif;bl,Oof: ef G :ayj;sr;ulef :rld if :cof eef . Vlof , oh .qf G oh .acj:aO vlif :vAyf ;pA ef :av.vj,pk xkdif vgif ;bmyf ,zdk wf , efG : ulef:rldif:? vAyf;pAef:av.vj, iof:vhm:tacB,tae, vgif ;bl,Oof :ulef :rld if :cof ? qgrf :aq;wgef ;sq;oA if : ql d o f : eef . bof . auj;? qg r f : eif , Oef w umif q f G ayj;sr;ul e f : rl d i f : cof r D : eef . wmif , vmof ; seaO cof;yj:tkyf,ukrfwldif,ymif,qgrf: auj;vh;bl,/ rl d o f ; vl i f : vA y f ; pA e f : av.vj,eef . td i f e l d o f 15
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
wmif:pefxkdif efG:zl;rD:ykef; zgef:cof? rD:vgif;cfG;rlef. sr:zldrf.xSrf? vgif;yefwmif:pkpef? trf,eef rD:ykif, qmrf ,vguf :vh m:umef wmif ,qld of .wmif ,yldif tef cfG;wmif , xkdifwD; auj,rwD ,iof ;ikef :yj,wD ,cgwf ,vldwf;zgrf.plrf; rldif:]o}sv;xj,vkrf:rldif:]o}eef. cyf.ckdifvh;bl,/ 3/ pgif;umef zhm,tkyf ,ukrfumefrldif :-rldif:]o}eh .? auj,rwD , ef G : rl d i f : ywf : yk d e f . sv; auj,rwD , zl ; rD : ykef;zgef:qgrf:aq;wgef;? sq;oAif:ul;Omif.Omif.eh.? qg r f : eif , vg u f : vh m :umef i mef : ul ; yl d i f y l d i f tef uA o f ; vg i f ; ej;umef e f G : rl d i f : ]o}sv; qg r f : aq;wg e f ; qldof:eef.? umefvrf,vgif;(tab:bfG,)eef. cof;yj: tkyf,tlof:wldif,ymif,uefvh;bl,/ 4/ pgif;umef zhm,tkyf ,ukrfumefrldif :-rldif:]o}eh .? auj,rwD ,efG :rld if :ywf :ykd ef . sv;auj,rwD ,zl;rD :yk ef ; zg e f : qg r f : aq;wg e f ; ? sq;oA i f : ul ; Omif . Omif . eh . ? vhm:rhmrD; (eD:tkyf.yaw,)sv; tefuAof;vlnf; ayj,v OD ,acj;qd sewmif :rld if :]o}eef .? awvh ;ykd ef zmof , Oyf:vSif:se P;uBif.urfbdyf:wkdof: pAwf:Omif;qgrf:cgyf, 16
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
yuf:yldifeef.uGj,/ efG:rl,qkrf:ulef:(vl.tzgh.tOD:)cof tefrD:tAefpSif:bfG,eef.? cfG;rj:auj,Omif; clif:umef uAof ,vlnf ;qgrf :zA if ;si;qef .Ok if sv; rD :erf .qfG cfG ; auj,Omif; uAof,vlnf;vgif;zAif;si;qldof:eh.? wj,P;yAef zgef :vD wmif :Ogif zh m,sv; awref ;uk d rf :uG j,eef . vlof,wlif.wkdef, cof;yj:wkduf:Olef:/ vgif;ylef.ySef vuf . vg r f p A w f : umef t rf , cof ; Twj:sv; umef t ef qmif ; wk rf . wld of . ej;umef x j,evk rf :yg if u mef rld if : ]o} cof s v; ef G : pd r f : pg r f : ql d o f : eef . awvh ; qg h ; xS r f uSwf;scsp.uif;uGj,/ 5/ pgif;umef zhm,tkyf ,ukrfumefrldif :-rldif:]o}eh .? auj,rwD,efG:rldif:ywf.ykdef. sv;auj,rwD, zl;rD:ykef; zg e f : qg rf : aq;wg ef ; ? aq,oA if : ul; wD ; wD ; cof eh . ? awvh;arj uyf:Okdyf,_cof;tguf,qgrf: rl,qkrf:ulef: ul; qef . xmef s v; yl u f . ul o f , ul e f : ul ; Omif . Omif . bof . / rldof;wdwf:awj,? vAyf;pAef: efG:umifulef:rldif:cofeef. qgrf:eif, acj;bgef:xkdifsv; wmif:pefxkdifulef:rldif: qldof:eef. awvh;wmif,yBK.se/ vgif;cofyefwmif: 17
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
pefxkdifsv; acj;xwf:Omif; rlef.sr:(ao,zef,) eldofej;umef zl;pmyf,xmrf: efG:vkrf:ygifumefrldif:]o}cof sv; tefuAof,vlnf;qgrf: ej;umefzl;pmyf,umef(okef, xrf:)rldif:]o}rj:qldof:eef. Vlof,vh;wmif,se? eif,pkdof zl;pmyf ,xrf :umef vkrf :ygif umef rld if :]o}cof awbA yf ; bmif, cmrf ;ylef.vh ;vgif;(AsL&kdu&uf) vgif ;oj,wqof ; tjej,auj.vA of e ef . sv; wg e f ; wj,vh ; pA wf : umef tef uG mif ;cG mif (wj,ulef :wif :erf ) eef . vlof ,vh ; cyf.ckdifpAwf:Omif;uGj,/ 6/ pgif;umef zhm,tkyf ,ukrfumefrldif :-rldif:]o}eh .? auj,rwD ,efG :rld if :ywf :ykd ef .sv; auj,rwD ,zl;rD :yk ef ; zg e f : qgr f : aq;wg ef ; ? aq,oA if : ul; wD ; wD ; cof eh . ? umefvrf,vgif;(tab:bfG,)wj,pkrf;rkdof:pAwf:Omif;umef ul ; zh m ,zh m , ef G : umif wD , rl of , uaI,OD ,wyf . yg if : qk s v; pg i f ; umef w D ; tk y f , uk r f u mef r l d i f : -rl d i f : ]o} cof e ef . ? awvh;wldif,ymif,ilyf.iduef cyf.ckdifaz;Oif:uGj,/ 7/ pgif;umef zhm,tkyf ,ukrfumefrldif :-rldif:]o}eh .? auj,rwD ,efG :rld if :ywf :ykd ef . sv;auj,rwD ,zl;rD :yk ef ; 18
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
zg e f : qgr f : aq;wg ef ; ? aq,oA if : ul; wD ; wD ; cof eh . ? vguf:vhm:eD:ykif ,qmrf ,ul;yldifyldifeef.? zl;rD :xmwf,qfG xgwf,rBmwf,puf.qldof.cldof:? omef;rldif:? ulef:rldif:? umef imef:? (Odyf.yrf.)yhm:Oh<sv; puf.pgrfulef:rldif:qldof:eh. vl o f , vh ; wl n f : xk d i f v A i f . vl u G j ,/ tef r D : xmwf , qf G acj;rk if ;rgif :pmof ;pSif : efG:umef vk uf .zkdef .awj,vmef , ab:? avj:uyjvTwj:sv; rD:yuf:yldifqD:umef:? tefrD: yhm:olef.ckdwf:umyf;ymef qldof:eh. awvh;wlif.wlif.wkdef, wk d e f , aO yef y d i f , nj wk d u f : Ol e f : yk d e f z mof , uG j ,/ 8/ pgif;umef zhm,tkyf ,ukrfumefrldif :-rldif:]o}eh .? auj,rwD ,efG :rld if :ywf :ykd ef . sv;auj,rwD ,zl;rD :yk ef ; zg e f : qg r f : aq;wg e f ; ? aq,oA i f : ul ; wD ; wD ; cof e h . zk nf ;zuf :wl(oj,w) OA ef ;wmif : ayj,vOD , umef Ogef yd if , nj,sv;(Od yf . yrf . )yh m :Oh m<? vg if ; zA if ; si; zj,Oj,qmof :cld of :pld of ; pld if :eef . ? vlof ,vh ;xd if :Od rf : uG j,ref ;udkrf :? vgif ; rld if :]o} Olduf ,Omrf , efG :umif eguf ; rd l i f : sv; qg r f : wmif , rl , wmif , qk rf : eef . ? sw,tof umefyhm:rldif:? umefrmuf;rD:? umefrhmrD;(tkyf.yaw,)?vgif; 19
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
rl,ulef:? vgif ;ydif ,nj,vduf ;vhm:? vguf :vh m:eD :ydif ,nj, (Od yf .yrf )? zA if ;si;(bA ef ,aq:rk )? vgif ;wlif .ed k if (tj:uOj:)sv; vgif;yhm:bl,vD quGj, ul;zhm,ul;wmif: qldof :eh.? qrfqfG rkdwf ,uldof : plrf ;rkdof :qgrf : cyf .ckdif uGj,? vg i f ; cof ; tg uf , vA yf ; pA e f : wl o f xl y f :wmif : pk a rjqld of : eh.? vlof,vh;vSuf;vhm; yefwmif:pefxkdifuefaOsv; eif , pk d o f rl , qk r f : ul e f : ul ; qef . xmef s v;rl , qk r f : (tzg h . tOD : )cof a yj:aw cwf : qf G r j: el d o f u mef auj,Omif;rmuf;rD:vlif tefrldif:]0} wkduf.awsw,wif; (tab:awj,ylif,)qldof:eef.? vlof,wkduf:Olef: plrf, rkdof:uefcyf.ckdifuGj,/ 9/ pgif;umefzhm,tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o} auj, rwD,zl;rD:ykef;zgef:qgrf:aq;wgef;? aq,oAif: ul; Omif.Omif.sv; zl;cof;yj:efG:auj,rwD,cofeh. vlof,vh; vAyf;pAef:xwf:Omif;? vgif;bl,Oof:ayj;sr;ulef:rldif:? vAyf;pAef: av.vj, xgrf,wmif:pefxkdif efG:ulef:rldif: cof/ vAyf;pAef:umef tefvlof,auj,Omif;(tab:awj, ylif,)ul;zhm,zhm,sv; yefpj(yBwf.Oej,)bfG,vlif vgif; 20
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
bl,Oof:efG:ulef:rldif:coffeef. clef.CGj.Oguf,pj pAwf: (wk a wOe)ref : ? qg r f : eif , xj,evk r f : yg i f umefrldif:]o}cofsv; wmif,rl,wmif:qkrf :cof yefwmif: pef xk d if ? xwf : Omif ; rl ef . sr:(ao,zef , )rj:eef . vlof,tkyf,ukrfuefaO cyf.ckdifpAwf:Omif;uGj,/ 10/ pgif;umefzhm,tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}?auj, rwD, efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef.sv; auj,rwD,zl;rD:ykef;zgef: qgrf:aq;wgef;? aq,oAif:ul;wD;wD;cofeh.? tdifeldof iof ;pmuf ;(tacB,crf ,)Oefw,umifqfGqof ;uof ,rD:eef . vl if : Ol ef : wk rf ? vA yf ; pA ef : yk d ef : (Ork d if : bl uf , oj,w tekywdavj:r)qldof:eh.? vAyf;pAef:av.vj,iof:vhm: tacB,tae, efG:rdlif:? eguf;rldif:bmrf:vAof? rldefeif,umefyhm:rldif:? umefrmuf;rD:? vgif;zAif;si;vduf;vhm:? vguf: vhm:(Odyf.yrf.)ydif,nj,yhm:Ohm<sv; vgif;wmif:pk wmif: arjqldof:eh.? umefimef: tefawqmif;qgh;xSrfrldif:]o} ck d e f ; bf G , rld o f : ej;eef . ? vl o f , vh ; bk u f . Ok i f y ef pS i f : yhm:ydifnj,vduf;vhm:sv; zhm,pAwf:umef uwf.cSef ,qldof: eh. P;ckdef;bfG<wlof:wgef: ckdwf:umyf;/ 21
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
11/ pgif;umef zhm,tkyf ,ukrfumefrldif :-rldif:]o}eh .? auj,rwD,efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef.sv; auj,rwD, zl;rD:ykef; zg e f : qg r f : aq;wg e f ; ? aq,oA i f : ul ; wD ; wD ; cof e h . ? wgef;wj, awbl,plrf;pgrf:uef yAeftefekdif; tef vAof efG:umefauj,Omif; irf:bAefrdlif:]o}rldof:ej;sv; pAwf:Omif;uGj,qgrf: ayj,vOD,acj;qdsewmif: qef. rldif :tk yf .yld if ;pmif :acjeh .? rl,qk rf :ulef:ul;qef .xmef tefuldwf,plrf;rldif:tefvAofuef qldof:rD:bl,efG:rldif:eguf; rldif:cof? rl,qkrf:ulef:(tzhg.tOD:)cof? qmof:cldof:wif: OAif;? zhm,bkrf,brfuldof:vD zj,Oj, Oj,Oej, ( TOj, awj,vlif)cofqof; ul;rl,ul;qkrf:eh.? wgef;wj,P; umef auj,Omif;yhm:rmuf;rD:rldif:]o} ckdef;bfG,wlof:wgef: qldof:eh? vgif;wkduf:Olef:? ykdefzmof,(oj,w)qldof:eef. awvh; cof;yj:qgh;xSrf cyf.ckdifpAwf:Omif;qgrf:/ 12/ pgif;umef zhm,tkyf ,ukrfumefrldif :-rldif:]o}eh .? auj,rwD, efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef.sv; auj,rwD, qgrf:aq, wgef;? aq,oAif:ul;Omif.Omif.cofeh.? zl;rD:wmif:pkarj efG:ygwf:wgef;rldif:]o}cofeef.? ayj,vOD,uAof,vlnf; 22
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
zhm,wmif:pkarjsv; iof;pmuf; (tacB,crf,) tcGmif. tab: tefcofarj clifOmif;(zef;wD:) wSrf;vduf; vhm:tguf,qldof:eh. vlof,vh;sp.uif; vlvgrfwlnf:xkdif cof? qldof:cofeh. awrD:zgef:vD wj,tofqfG.wkdof:efG: umefyluf:ygifauj,Omif;rldif:]o} ul;zhm,zhm,rldof:ej;eef.? vlof,vh;wkduf:Olef:ydkefzmof,(oj,w)uGj,/ 13/ pgif;umef zhm,tkyf ,ukrfumefrldif :-rldif:]o}eh .? auj,rwD, efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef.sv; auj,rwD, qgrf:aq; wgef;?aq,oAif:ul;Omif.Omif.sv; zl;cof;yj:efG:auj,r wD,cofeh.? awvh;uBif.bdyf:wkdof: qgrf:rl,yldifayj,vOD, qmof:cldof:efG:rldif:]o}eef.? ydkefzmof,(oj,w)wkduf:Olef: uGj,? qgrf:eif,wmif:pefxkdifsv; acj;bgef:xkdif qmof: cldof:ygif:qkif;cofeef. vlof,cof;yj:wlif.ekdif vAyf;pAef: wmif,yBsevh;/ Ok e f , vh ; Ok e f , yA e f ( tcG i f . tab:)sv; umef rmuf ;rD : qmof :cld of :ygif :qk if ; tefcof ;oGmif ,(wIj: odif,)qldof:eh.? vlof,uSwf;scxdif:Odrf:? vlof,vh;zldrf. xSrfyefpSif: umefwdwf:awj,qgrf: qmof:cldof:ygif:qkif; 23
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
efG:rldif:]o} P;vDaOtgefwgef:aOuof,aOtrf,uj: wgef;wj, qmof:cldof:tgef,eif,uef awarjpuf.pgrf uef? arjqgh;xSrfuef? arjcgwf,vldwf ;zgrf .plrf,uef eef.auj; vlof,vh;cyf.ckdifvAif.vlyef/ 14/ pgif;umef zhm,tkyf ,ukrfumefrldif :-rldif:]o}eh .? auj,rwD, efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef. ul;Omif.Omif.sv; auj,r wD, qgrf:sq;wgef;? sq;oAif:ul;qef.qef. cofeh.? awvh;wkduf:Olef:yef P;pAwf:qgrf:cgyf,yldifayj,vOD, acj;qd s ewmif : tef u A o f , qg r f : zj,Oj,bk r f , brf ul ; qmof : cl d o f : rl d i f : ]o}cof e ef . azj;erf . sewl o f / qldof:tefbkrf,brfuldof:vDoh. rldof;tgefwmif:eef.? rldof; Olef:wkrfeef.? trf,vlduf,qldof.cldof:ulef:? zj,Oj,zfG zj,Oj,ref:eef. rD:Okef,vh; vlwf:vwf:ulof:uGh, bkrf,brf? vgif;tof umefzj,Oj,ab:sv; umefyhm: rldif:avj:sv:aO rj:Okuf:bkif; efG:ayj,vOD, vlifygif qkdif; tkyf.yldif;zgif:irf:eef.? vlof,vh;Omefcwf:uGj,/ ul;qmof:cldof:efG:rldif:]o} rD:Okef,vh;Okef,yAef(tcGmif. tab:)uS wf,scxdif :Odrf : zAif ;si;zfGref :/ zAif ; 24
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
si;pdwf,xkif:uof,su,sv; oef:xgwf,oef:rBmwf, tef Okdyf,vrf:wrf:rj: qgrf:pdwf,xkif:zfGref:eef. rD: tcGmif.tab:uSwf,sc? vlvgrfxdif:Odrf:/ tofumef zj,Oj,ab: sevgif;wmif:ref:aOsv; rj:vAef; umefrldif:Okuf:bkif;eef. vlof,Omefcwf:uGj,/ awvh; uBif.urfbdyf:ref; qgrf:OAef;wmif: vgif;bkrf,brf uldof: vD tefvgwf,vSof:xmif,pmif;eef.bof./ 15/ pgif;umef zhm,tkyf ,ukrfumefrldif :-rldif:]o}eh .? auj,rwD,efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef.ul;Omif.Omif.sv; auj,rwD, qg r f : sq;wg e f ; ? sq;oA i f : ul ; qef . qef . cof e h . ? Oldif;wldif:rldif:]o}eh.? ayj,vOD,OAef;wmif: vgif;uyf: Okd yf ,qgrf :eguf ;rldif :eef . vlof ,vh ;pAwf :P;azj;erf . azj;wlofuGj,? pof:rD:vgif; vgwf,vSof:xmif,pmif;sv; rD:Okef,vh;wSyf:wwf: pmif:ulnf:bof.sv; vgif;uyf: Okdyf, qgrf:eguf;rldif:eef. vlof,bdyf:wdkof:uGj,ref;uSef,? tof iof :vh m:(tacB,tae,) umef imef :ul;vgif ;vgif ; rldif:]o}sv;wj,olef,ykef;zgef: tefckdif;ukdrf:qldof:eh. sw,wif;aO cof;yj:wlif.ekdifvSwf:OSof:? cof;tguf, 25
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
rkdwf ,uldof: qgrf :rldif:pdrf :pgrf :pof :cofsv; pkrf,rkdof:qgrf : ayj;sr;ulef:rldif:cof cyf.ckdif;pAwf:Omif;uGj,/ ]]vgwf, vS o f : xmif , pmif ; ? rD : Ok e f , vh ; cG m if . wS y f : wwf : pmif : uln f : eef . -bl, plr f ;pgr f : uef v ln f ; wmif : uwf : uwf : bA e f b A e f ? vl d i f ; umef ul e f : wmif : ef G : eef . ule f : wmif : egu f ; awtrf , vh ; cof ; rj:Ok u f . blif ; qgr f :}} sv; ]]ayj:trf , rj:wl d o f . uof ? wj,uof a wuG j ,wl d o f . eef . trf , rD : ? ayj:yl e f . yS e f cof ; rj:wl d o f . uof q k d i f uof a uj; wl o f ; wef : wj,wg y f ; wS e f : cd k e f : pmof ; pSif:urf:vAof}} tefoj;eef.? bkrf,brfaO uBif.urf bdyf:wkdof:uGj,qgrf:bl,bof./ 16/ pgif;umef zhm,tkyf ,ukrfumefrldif :-rldif:]o}eh .? auj,rwD , ef G : rl d i f : ywf : yk d e f . ul ; Omif . Omif . sv; auj,rwD,qgrf:sq;wgef;? sq;oAif:ul;qef.qef.eh.? vgif;xl;Omef:ySuf,yldif; efG:rl,qkrf:wyf.ygif:qk(tzhg. tOD:) efG:Oldif,wldif:rldif:]o}cofeef. sw,iof;pmuf,(t acB,crf,)ref:aObof.? efG:qkdif;rldif:pkrf;wkrfrldif:rmef;? ykdef:(Orkdif:)rldif:]o} uof ,uof ,sv;zAif;si;pdwf:xkif: 26
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
ul ; Ok d yf , Ok d yf , rld of ; sw,qauj,wif ; rl d i f : ]o}rj:eef . pmef .awj,xk d if yk d ef :sv; acj;rk ef vd uf ;vh m:efG :ymef bmrf:vAofqldof:eef.? P;tgefuef Oguf,pjqkwkrf aO clef.CGj. pAwf:(OkawOe)ref:uGj,/ 17/ pg if ; umef zh m ,tk yf , uk rf u mef r ld if : -rd l if : ]0} auj,rwD, efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef. ul;qef.qef.sv; auj, rwD, qgrf:aq,wgef;? aq;oAif:ul;Omif.Omif.cofeh.? eif ,pkdof vgif ;uyf:Okd yf,efG :umifrl,qk rf:eif ,uef ayj: awckdef;Omif.ckdef;Okif eef.? vlof,vh;cof;tguf,vAyf; pA ef : uef ? vS uf ;vh m ; yef wmif :pef xk d if a wj,uef ? vSuf;vhm;wmif :plyf.xlyf: vgif;ej;umefsv; vSuf;vhm; cmof , imof : awj,uef qld of : eh . awvh ;vlif : vA yf ;pA ef : ? wl0f xlyf :aO clef .cG j.pj pA wf :(Ok aw,Oe)ref :/ urf:yj;erf yefpj(yBwf.Oej,) tefzmif,pmif;(vuf, cej,) cfG ;rldefuef eef . vlof ,vh;cyf.ckdif su,vdwf , az,Omif:uGj,/
27
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
wgef;(2) Cgwf,zgwf,yuf:yldif(qD:umef:)ul;vgif;vgif;/ 18/ pgif;umefzhm,tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rdlif:]0}eh. auj,rwD ,efG:rldif :ywf :ykdef . ul;qef.qef .sv; auj, rwD,qgrf:aq,wgef;? aq;oAif:ul;Omif.Omif.cof cgwf, zgwf,yluf:wif;rj:/ pgif;umefzhm,tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:rdlif:]0}? auj,rwD,efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef.cofsv; auj,rwD, efG:aq;wgef;? aq,oAif:ul;Omif.Omif.eef. awvh; Olduf,Orf,uefqgrf:auj,rwD, pAwf:umefqef.wfG; efG: aq;wgef;?aq;oAif:cof/ vgif;Olduf,Omrf,qgrf: auj, rwD , qef . wf G ; cof e ef . awvh ; yA e f vgif ; qd O if , tefarjtgefploferf:ej; tkyf,ukrfumefyhm:rldif:/ 19/ pg if ; umef zh m ,tk yf , uk rf u mef rld if : -rd l i f :]0}? auj,rwD , ef G :rld if :ywf :yk d ef .sv;auj,rwD ,qgrf :aq, wgef;?aq;oAif:ul;Omif.Omif.cofeh.? yj,wD,cgwf,vldwf; zgrf.plrf;rldif:]o}? rl,qkrf:ulef:(tzgh.tOD:)? Zl;wmif wlof qmof:cldof:ygif:qkif;sv; wmifwlof yluf.ulof,ulef: 28
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
zhm,bkrf,brfuldof:vDcofeef.? txl:ref: yluf.ulof,ulef: wmif wl o f tef v h ;zd wf ; rg u f , oh . ql d o f :eef . ? qg r f : wg e f ; (uef , w)ref : ? auj,rwD , ef G : rl d i f : ywf : ykdef.cof cgwf,zgwf,yluf:wif;/ pgif ;umef zh m, tk yf ,uk rf umef rld if :-rd lif :]0} auj,rwD , qgrf:ygwf:wgef; ul;Omif.Omif.cof cgwf,zgwf,oh.yuf:yldif eef.? Oifoj; qgrf:ygwf:wgef;ul;wD;wD;cof rD:vgif; wmif:Ohmihm(tacB,tae,)trf,zAif;yAif:? rD:wmif:pef xkdifySuf,yldif;uefqkdif? tofyldifcgwf,zgwf, auj,rwD, efG :rldif :ywf :ykd ef .eef . yA ef wD ;qdqSif ;aO cgwf , zgwf,yluf:wif; wSyf:wwf:uGj,vh;bl,/ 20/ Oifoj; xguf,cmrf,yefpSif: cyf.rhmumefimef: ul;vgif;vgif; efG:wgef;tefeh.? teftj,bkwArf(18) yD < ck d e f ; el d o f - rl , qk r f : ul e f : (vl . tzg h . tOD : )cof ? rl ,qk rf : pA wf : umef yh m :rmuf ;rD : cof ? yl uf .ulof , ul ef : pA wf : umef c of ? yl u f . ul o f u l e f : wg e f ; umef y h m :yd i f , nj,sv; yluf .ulof ,ulef : wgef ;umef yh m:zj,Oj, Oj,Oej,ab: cofqldof:eh.? trf,qSuf,szbdif:_qhm:? trf,qSuf;sz 29
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
zj,Oj,uldof:vDsv; wgef;uef,w rl,qkrf:ul;wD;wD;? yluf.ulof,ulef: tef rD:qkdof;rD:OAif cofeef .? Oifoj; rD :erf .qfG puf .qldof .qmwf;? puf .omef ;rldif :puf .zS ef vd e f r l d i f : ]o} eh q k d i f ? auj,rwD , pg i f ; umef z h m , tkyf,ukrfumefrdlif:-rldif:]o}? auj,rwD,pmyf,umefwj,aO, efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef.sv; auj,wD,efG:aq;wgef;? aq;oAif: ul;wD ;wD ;cof ? tk yf ,uk rf wld if ,ymif ,uef wS yf :wwf :ruf : ref;bof.qkdif? rD:Okef,vh;cof;yj: pAwf:umefefG:pgif; umefzhm,tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rdlif:]0}vh;bl,/ qgrf:eif, yluf,ulof,ulef: auj.vAof tefauj,rwD,qkrf:zhm,tkyf,ukrf umef r l d if : -rld i f : ]o}sv;auj,rwD , ef G : rl d e f : ywf : yk d e f . cof zd w f ; pg i f . eef . auj; cof ; yj:ef G : qk r f : vh ; bl , / yl u f . ul o f , ul e f : tef c of ; yj:ef G : auj,rwD , qg r f : aq, wgef ;? aq;oA if :ul;Omif .Omif .qld of :eef .? auj,rwD , qgrf:aq,wgef;? aq,oAif:ul;Omif.Omif.cof awvh;tof cgyf,yuf:yldif tefauj,rwD,qef.eldofcof wSyf:wwf: eef . aO rD : Ok e f , vh ; tcG m if . pA w f : Omif ; uG j ,qg r f : vh;bl,/ 30
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
21/ pgif ; umef zh m ,tk yf , uk rf umef rld if :-rld if :]o}? aujrwD,efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef.(trf, eef)auj,rwD,tef OSif,bj, efG:aq,wgef;? aq;oAif: ul;Omif.Omif.cof eh.? xj,esv; yluf.ulof,ulef: tefcof;yj:efG:rl,qkrf: qldof:eef.? qgrf:eif,yuf:yldiftkyf.yaw,tgefwmif:rD: oh .eef .? rD :yk ef ;zgef :(olwf ,Twj:)uBif .urf bdyf :wkdof : qgrf:/ 22/ pgif;umefzhm,tkyf,ukrf umefrldif:-rldif:]o} auj,rwD, qgrf:aq,wgef; ul;Omif.Omif.cofeh.? tef auj,rwD , efG :rldif :ywf :ykd ef .cof wS yf :wwf :ruf :ref ; qldof :eef .? auj,rwD ,qef .wfG ; qgrf:ygwf :cof eef . rD :wj,olef ,yk ef ;zgef : cyf .ck d if pA wf :Omif ;qgrf : acj; wSyf:wwf: auj,rwD,qef.eldofcofeef.bof./ 23/ pgif ; umef zh m ,tk yf , uk rf umef rld if :-rld if :]0}? auj,rwD ,efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef.sv; zl;cof;yj: auj,rwD, qg r f : yg w f : wg e f ; ul ; Omif . Omif . cof e h . ? awvh ; rdkwf,uldof:puf.pgrfrldif:]o}? awvh;puf.plrf,rkdwf,uldof:qkdif; rldif:? tef yj,wD,cgwf,vldwf;zgrf.plrf;rldif:]o} tgefplof 31
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
erf:ej;sv; vgif;auj,Omif; umefimef:ul;vgif;vgif; qldof:eef. vlof,vh;xguf,cmrf,yefpSif:/ vgif;cgwf, vldwf;zgrf.pkrf;qmof:cldof:sv; wj,P;vh;bl, plrf;pgrf:uef yAeftefedkif; tefvAofefG:rldif:]o}eef. awvh;uSwf, scxdif:Odrf:? vlof,vh;tgefuef vlvgrfyfG.yj: iof;pmuf, (tacB,crf,) rmhrD;tkyf.yaw,sv; tSwf.tkyf.yaw, rldif:]o}uGj,/ tefvh;cGmif.yAef zl;wmifwlof tefcof; yj:efG:yguf;xlef;eh.eh.? efG:rl,ulef:(vl.tzgh.tOD:) tefrD:atj:qj, tj,ej,bof.eef.? awvh;yAef zl;rD :erf .uwf .wmif :cS ef , cof ;yj:Olef :wk rf efG :umef yhm:rldif:/ vgif;rkdwf,uldof:qrfqfG Olduf,Orf,efG:umif ayj; sr;ulef:rldif:cofauj;rD:? qgrf:eif,Oef,wumifqfGsv; acj;bgef :xk d if cof eef . vA yf ;pA ef :(av.vj,)pk xk d if aO wmif ,yBsevh ;/ xj,ej.zf G r ef : qld of :tef cof;efG:rl,qkrf:eh.? vlof,vh;cofyj:wlif.ekdif pAwf:Omif; efG:ymifukrfbof./ 24/ pgif;umefzhm,tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rdlif:]o} auj, rwD, efG:rldif:ywf:ydkef.sv; auj,rwD, efG:ygwf:wgef; 32
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
ul;Omif.Omif.eh. tefcofwSyf:wwf: efG:ymifukrfawj, ej;ilyf.iduefeef. ayj:oj;ulef:ckdef;pggwf, efG:ymifukrf rD:Ckdif;ckdef;eldofsv; Oazj:zgrf.vh;qfGuefbof.qkdif? qmif ; zg r f . uef w S y f : wwf : ruf : ref ; uG j ,? xj,esv; yl uf . ulof , ul ef : tef ck d ef ; pg wf , rj: ef G : ymif uk rf e ef . ? qgrf:eif, acj;wSyf:wwf :ruf:ref; efG :ymifukrf eef . rD:wj,olef,ykef;zgef: wj,yfG.yj:pAwf:Omif;qgrf:vh;bl,/ ayj:wmif:pefxkdif rD:vgif;ySuf,yldif;uef? umifqfGOazj: trf ,rldefuefsv; trf,udkwf.trf,vkdof ; bif :cyf .ckdif pAwf:Omif;bl,qgrf:wfG; cgyf,yldifiof;pmuf,(tacB,crf,)eh.? tdifeldofvgif;wmif: OefwumifqfG zfGref:rD:qldif.pkdof auj;? rD:Okef,vh ;cGmif . uAyf:Odrf :oh .bl,tefoj;eef .? rD:cGmif.xluf:tguf, ykdefzmof,vh;bl,/ 25/ pgif ; umef zh m ,tk yf ,uk rf umef rld if :-rld if :]o}? auj,rwD,efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef.sv; zl;cof;auj,rwD, qgrf: aq,wgef;? aq,oAif:ul;Omif.Omif. cofeh.? xj,ezfG xjeref:eef. rD:Okef,vh;vdluf;wif; qluf:sr:(sr: cgh:)wSyf:wwf: efG:ymifukrfauj,wD,vh;bl,/ rD:Okef,vh; 33
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
bkuf.ckdef;qef.sv; Okef,vh;cmrf,wmif:vlduf;wif;bl,/ efG:auj,rwD,zfGauj,rwD,ref:eef.? yAefzl;rD: tmrf: emwf,(tjej,) wj,xwf:Omif;rlef.sr: sv; yefwif : pk p ef ( tuBrf , nS e f , )el d o f ej;umef w jimef : cgifrl,qkrf:auj,rwD, zfGref:eef.bl,bof./ 26/ pg if ; umef zh m ,tk yf , uk rf u mef r ld if : -rld if : ]o} auj,rwD,efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef.sv; zl;cof;auj,rwD,qgrf: ygwf:wgef;ul;Omif.Omif.cofeh .? xj,esv; yluf.ulof, ulef:auj.vAofcofeh.? qgrf:eif, Oef,wumiffqfGwmif: pefxkdifcoful;yldifyldifeef. xluf:tguf,wmif,se uj;wD; efG:ymifukrfauj,rwD,sv; rl,qkrf:ulef:(tzgh.tOD:)cof wgef;ekdif;bof.aO? qgrf:eif, ayj,vOD,acj;qdse wmif: tefuAof,vlnf;vgif;rldif:]o}sv; umefvrf,vgif; (tab:bfG,) tefuAof,cgif;qgrf: ygwf:wgef;qldof:eef. rD:Okef,vh;cGmif. cof;yj:tkyf,ukrfpAwf:Omif;qgrf:vh;bl,/ tdifeldofej;umefwjimef: acj;cyf.ckdif xje,vkrf:ygif umefvlifygifqkdif;cofsv; zl;pmyf;xrf:umef rldif:]o} coffeef .? vgif ;yef wmif :pkpef sv;vgif ;xwf :Omif ; 34
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
rl e f . sr:(ao,zef , )ql d o f : eh . ? rD : Ok e f , vh ; cG m if . cyf.ckdifpAwf:vh;bl,/ vgif;rD:qfGcfG;sp.pmrf;? cfG;bj.uof:? ylef .yS ef rh mrD ;(tk yf .yaw,)qld of :eef.? rD :Ok ef ,vh ; cGmif. cof;yj:qkrf,qmrf: qSwf;aO:qgrf:vh;bl,/ 27/ pgif;umefzhm,tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rdlif:]o} auj, wD,efG:rldfif:ywf:ykdef.sv; zl;cof;auj,wD, qgrf:aq, wgef;? aq,oAif:ul;Omif.Omif.cofeh.? qgrf:eif, xj,e sv;yl u f . ul o f , ul e f : auj.vA o f c of e ef . ? Oif o j;ref : cfG;bmif.vkdof; ej;umefref:ehqkdif? ayj:auj,rwD,qef. eldof cof tkyf ,uk rfuef wSyf :wwf : ykdef zmof ,bof .auj; rD:Okef,vh;xgeftguf,aO efG:rl,qkrf:vgwf,vSof:bof./ 28/ pgif;umefzhm,tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o} auj, rwD , efG :rldif :ywf :ykdef .sv; zl;cof ;yj:auj,wD ,qgrf : aq,wgef;? aq,oAif:ul;Omif.Omif.cofeh.? xj,esv; yluf.ulof,ulef:auj.vAofcofeef.-ayj:oj;rD:vgif; cfG;sp. pmrf;?bj.uof:?ylef.ySef(zguf,ySef,)eldofrhmrD;(tkyf.yaw,) pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrf umefrldif:-rldif:]o} (trf,eef) acj;wS yf :wwf :efG :ymif uk rf sv; acj;wS yf :wwf : ruf : 35
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
ref ; tef auj,rwD ,pmyf , umef wj,aO, cof eef . eh qkdif? tdifeldofOhmihm(tacB,tae,)vldif,(trk) ref: eef.?auj,rwD,zl;pmyf,umefwj,aO, efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef. sv; auj,rwD,zl;pmyf,umefwj,aO qgrf:ygwf:wgef; coful;Omif.Omif.? Oif,OgefyefOwdaObof.? pgif ; umef zh m,tk yf ,uk rfumef rld if :-rld if :]o} auj,rwD ,efG :rld if : ywf:ykdef.(trf,eef)vgif;ref:yAef zl;cof;auj,rwD, qgrf:ygwf:wgef;eef. ekuf,xgef tguf,ySwf;vh;bl,/ xj,e? rl ,qk rf :(tzgh .tOD : )(trf ,eef ) yluf .ulof , ulef:auj.vAof tefvh;cmrf,wmif:tofvldif;(trk)eef.? ayj:oj;cof yh,pyf .cmrf , vgif ;wmif :zd wf:cof sv; ckdef : cfG ;bgef:P;sr:qSwf ;aO:wlnf : vgif ;trk cof eef . ehqkdif rD:cGif.wmif,yBK.bgef:xkdifvh;bl,/
36
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
wgef; (3) auj,rwD,efG:rldif:wif:OAif;/ 29/ pgif;umefzhm,tkyf,ukrf umefrldif:-rldif:]o} xj, e tef cof ;yj: efG:auj,rwD, efG:rldif :ywf :ykdef .eh.? acj;wSyf:wwf: zl;cof;auj,rwD,vhmvhmauj.sv; yluf. ulof,ulef: tefvh;cmrf,wmif:vlduf;wif;qgrf:ul;yguf;qldof: eh.? plofyof;auj,rwD,efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef.cof qSwf;aO: zgrf.vh;qfGuef efG:ymifukrfauj,rwD, rldof;yguf;tgefwmif: sv; auj,rwD,zl;cof;pmyf,umefwj,aO,cof qmif;tkyf, ukrfilyf:id uefwSyf:wwf:/ auj,rwD ,efG :rld if :ywf :ykd ef . zgif :bmrf :rld of ;pmyf , xmrf:umefbl,eef . ayj:rD:vgif ;cfG;zldrf.xSrf (trf, eef)cfG:vSuf;vhm; xje,zl;cof ;yj: auj,rwD,vhmauj. sv; wgef;wj,wSyf:wwf:vlduf;tofyluf.ulof,ulef:qldof: eh .? Oifoj; plofyof;(tkuf .ux)efG:ymif ukrfyguf;eh .eh . zgrf . vh ; qf G uef wS wf : wwf : rj:bof .ugef , ? auj,rwD , zl;pmyf,umef wj,aO, qmif ;tkyf ,ukrf uef wSyf :wwf : 37
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
efG:ymifukrf ul;yguf;vh;bof./ 30/ pg i f ; umef z h m ,tk y f , uk r f u mef r d l i f : -rl d i f : ]o} auj,rwD ,efG :rld if :wif :OAif ;sv; zl;cof ;efG :auj,rwD , qgrf:ygwf:wgef; ul;Omif.Omif.cofeh.? cmof:bmrf:pmyf, xmrf:umefeef. yAef(5)yD<wArf/ Oifoj;rD:vgif;vmuf, vhm:(tab:ayj,) ej;umefaOvgif;vgif;? auj,rwD, pmyf,umefwj,aOcofsv; zl;cof;yj: efG:auj,rwD, vhm vhmauj. awCkdef:tkyf,ukrfwldif,ymifuef? ayj:oj;zhm, xguf,cmrf,rD:erf(Omrfykef,sv;- rD:Ogifykef;) xguf, cmrf,blehqkdif? tgefuefwSyf:wwf: ruf:ref;aO zldrf.xSrfyef cmof:bmrf:ref: pmyf,xrf:uefxSif;auj; vh ;bl,/ efG:cmof :bmrf :vAofuefeef . auj.tefvh ; cmrf,wmif:vlduf;wif;eef. Okdyf,pmyf,xrf:wj,olef,ykef; zgef:ref:uGj,vh;bof./ 31/ pgif;umefzhm,tkyf,ukrfumefrldfif:-rldif:]o} auj, rwD,efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef. sv; zl;cof;auj,rwD,efG:ygwf: wgef ;ul;Omif .Omif .cof eh .J awvh ;zgwf ,pS ef :yef plofyof ; (OuúX)(1)auj.? uS rfplof yof ; awrD :vhmauj./ 38
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
zl;erf :ef G :ul;vgif ;(twGif;a&;rSL;csKyf)(1)auj.? uS rf zl ; erf : ef G : ul ; vg i f ; ('k twG i f ; a&;rS L ;csKyf ) awrD:vhmauj./auj.? zgwf,zgh.yluf:wif;vh;bl,/ 32/ pgif;umefzhm,tkyf,ukrfumefrldfif:-rldif:]o} auj, rwD,efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef.sv; zl;cof;auj,rwD,efG:ygwf: wgef;ul;Omif.Omif.cofeh.? awvh ;pgif .pA wf : ymif uk rf vlif(1)yD< ekdif;yguf;/ efG:auj,rwD, zl;pmyf,umefwj, aO,cofeef. Oifoj;rD: vgif;cfG;pAwf:Omif;aO,vgif; vgif;qkdif pgif.pAwf:ymifukrfuefvh;bl,/ 33/ pg i f ; umef z h m ,tk y f , uk r f u mef r l d i f : -rl d i f : ]o} auj,rwD,efG:rdlif:ywf:ykdef.cofeh.? tcGmif.tej, ymif u k rf a uj,rwD , pl y f . xl yf : awj,ej;eh . rD : eif , yj;wf G ; eh.(1) pg i f ; umef z h m ,tk y f , uk r f , umef r l d i f : -rl d i f : ]o} cofeh. awvh;vlvgrfxdif:Odrf:? rlef.sr:? awvh ; uBif . urf b d yf : wk d o f : pA w f : Omif ; uG j , qgrf: cgyf,yuf:yldifeef.bof./ (2) pg i f ; umef z h m ,tk y f , uk r f , umef r l d i f : -rl d i f : ]o} 39
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
cofeh. awvh;zgwf,pSef:yef plofyof;vlif (OuúX)sv; uSrfplofyof;('k OuúX)/zl;erf: ef G :ul ; vgif ;(twGif; a&;rS L ;csKyf) sv; uS rf zl;erf:efG:ul;vgif;( 'k twGif;a&;rSL;csKyf) (3) auj,rwD , pmyf , umef w j,aO, qg r f : eif , vduf;wmif,xkdif(tpD&ifcHpm) c o f e e f . awvh;vAyf;pAef:? qSwf;aO:? xgrf,tof/ (4) ej;umef vrf ,vgrf ,(tab:bfG ,) acj; qd Oif, cgif,rl,qkrf:eef. auj,rwD, awvh; tk y f , uk r f w l d i f , ymif u ef wS y f : wwf : / (5) ej;umef vrf,vgif;(tab:bfG,)sv; ayj, vOD, acj;qdsewmif: yj,wD,cggwf,vdlwf; zgrf.plrf;rdlif:]o}? awvh;tkyf,ukrfwldif,ymif,? yef w mif ;pk ? xwf :Omif ;rl e f . sr:/ 34/ pg i f ; umef z h m ,tk y f , uk r f u mef r l d i f : -rl d i f : ]o} auj,rwD, efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef.sv; zl;cof;auj,rwD,efG: ygwf:wgef;ul;Omif.Omif.cofeh.? awvh;zgwf,zgh. auj, rwD, pmyf,umefwj,aO,rD:? umefimef:tefuAof,vlnf; 40
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
efG:rl,qkrf:eef.? awvh;tgefploferf:ej;aO pAwf: Omif;uGj,/ efG :auj,rwD ,pmyf ,umef wj,aOcofeh .? awvh ; zg wf , pS ef : yef pl of y of ; auj,rwD , ef G :rld if : ywf :yk d ef . ? uSrfplofyof;? Zl;erf:efG:? uSrfzl;erf:efG:sv; zl;cof; yj: auj,rwD,pmyf,umefwj,aO, qldof:eh.bof./ qldof: zl;wmifwlof(ukd,fpm;vS,favmif;)cofeef.? pgif;umef zhm,tkyf,ukrfumefrdlif:-rldif:]o} auj,rwD, efG:rldif:ywf: yk d e f . cof e h . ? xj,erl , qk r f : ul e f : (tzg h . tOD : )cof ? qmof:cldof:ygif:qkif;cofsv; yluf.ulof,ulef: ul;qef.xmef ul;wD;wD;cof rj:ygif,OAef;qkdof;bof.aO? wgef;wj, awcof;efG:rl,qkrf:eef. vlof,vh;vlduf;wif; efG:ymifukrf plyf.xlyf:awj,ej; auj,rwD,efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef. eef. uGj,bof./ 35/ pg if ; umef z h m ,tk yf , uk r f umef rld f i f :-rld if : ]o} tmrf:emwf,(tj,ej,)auj,rwD, efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef. cof awvh;cyf.cdkif pAwf:Omif;uGj,qgrf:eef. rD:eif, yj,wfG;eh.41
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
(1) pg i f ; umef z h m ,tk y f , uk r f u mef r l d f i f : -rl d i f : ]o} auj,rwD , ef G : rld if : ywf :yk d ef . sv; zl ;cof ; auj,rwD,efG:ygwf:wgef;ul;Omif.Omif.cofeh. awvh; Oyf:vSif:se wD,ygif,(txduf, ay,) yuf:yldifrhmrD;eef. qSif:qSif; vSif: vSif:vDsv; xkdifwD;pAwf:azj;erf.azj; wlof rj:eef .? vlof,vh ;vlvgrf vlnf :xdif : pA wf :Omif ;uGj,qgrf :cgyf ,yuf :yld if eef .bof ./ (2) pgif;umefzhm,tkyf,ukrfumefrldfif:-rldif:]o}eh. ymifukrfplyf.xlyf:awj,ej; auj,rwD,efG:rldif: ywf :ykd ef .eef . awvh ;tgef plof cyf .ckd if ? rl d e f e if , ul ; yg u f ; eef . -tg e f e j,yh , xk d i f ymifukrfplyf.xlyf:awj,ej;yguf;xlef;(1)eh.? qgrf :eif , zl;cof ;auj,rwD , tef cof ;yj: wif:OAif;eef . awvh;qwf:ymifukrfauj, rwD, plyf.xlyf:awj,ej;oh.tgefwmif:/ efG: ymifukrf plyf.xlyf.xlyf:awj,ej;eef.? vlof, vlduf;wif; Ozj,ywd zl;eif;qkdif;? yldof; 42
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
(3) (4) (5)
(6)
wj,yAefzl;eif;qkdif;sv; tgefplofcyf.ckdif ymifukrf plyf:xlyf:awj,ej; yguf;xlef; (1) eef.bof./ pg if ; umef zh m , tk yf , uk rf u mef r ld if : -rld if : ]0} yA ef zl;cyf .ckdif wlnf :qgrf: Cgyf ,yldifrhmrD ; (tkyf .yaw,)eef. azj;erf .azj;wlof/ acj;wSyf:wwf: auj,rwD,efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef. efG:ymifukrfeef. vlof,vh;pAwf:Omif;qgrf: P; azj;erf.azj;wlof/ rldof ;zgif :ukd wf :vkd of ; ymifuk rf plyf .xlyf :awj, ej;auj,rwD , efG :rldif :ywf :ykd ef .bl,eef . qgrf:eif, acj;pefxkdif tefvrf,vgif; tef awwmif ,sewD ; yj,wD ,cgwf ,vld wf ; zgrf .plrf,rldif:]o}cofeef . awvh; qS wf ; aO:wl n f : vD i mrf : bof . ruf : ref ; uG j ,/ vgif;bkuf.wmif,qef.sv; vgif;ekuf,xgef qef.uSrfzl;erf:efG:('ktwGif;a&;rSL;csKyf) auj,rwD,efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef.eef.? awvh; 43
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
cyf.ckdif pAwf:qgrf:cgyf,yldif acj;wSyf:wwf: zl ; erf : ef G : ul ; vg i f ;(twG i f ; a&;rS L ;csKyf ) eef.uGj,bof./ (7) pgif;umefzhm,tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o} auj, rwD,efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef.eh. vgif;cgwf,zgwf, ej;umefauj,rwD,efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef.? vgif; ckd ef :sr: vS uf ;vh m;tef uA of ,cgif ;qgrf :wj, olef,ykef;zgef:cofeef. xkuf,vDbkuf. wmif ,yef(trf ,eef ) xk uf ,vDek uf ,xgef tguf ,aO wj,olef , yk ef ;zgef :coffeef . cyf.ckdifpAwf:vh;bl,/ 36/ pg i f ; umef z h m ,tk y f , uk r f u mef r l d i f : -rl d i f : ]o}? plofyof; (tkuf.ux)auj,rwD, efG:rldif: ywf. yk d e f . eef . qg r f : eif , ej;umef w jimef : vrf ; vg i f ; (tab:bf G , )ef G : auj,rwD , ul ; oef : oef : eef . ? awvh ; tg e f p l o f cyf . ck d i f p A w f ; Omif ; uG j ,? uS r f p l o f y of ; sv; zl ; erf : ef G : eef . vl o f , vh ; cof ;yj: 44
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
qgh;xSrf eldofacj;omif:zSef plofyof;tkuf.ux eef.bof./ 37/ pgif;umef zhm,tkyf ,ukrfumefrldif :-rldif:]o}eh .? wj,ol e f , yk e f ; zg e f : uS r f z l ; erf : ef G : auj,rwD ,pmyf ,umef wj,aO, ef G :rld if : ywf : yk d e f . aOauj.auj.eef . cg w f , zg w f , rk uf .qk rf :ulef : rmif qk rf :aO zgwf ,pS ef : yef: xj,evkrf:ygifumef tefOSif,bj, qg r f : zj,Oj,ul ; qmof : cl d o f : ef G : rl d i f : cof aObof . ? eh . yA e f yl d o f ; wj,qg h ; xS r f ej;umef zl;erf:efG:auj,rwD,pmyf,umefwj, aO,cof bof ./ qgrf :eif , ej;umef acj; omif : zS e f zl ; erf : ef G : eef . tef y A e f uSrfzl;erf:efG: auj,rwD,pmyf,umefwj,aO, aOauj.auj.cof eef .vlof,vh ;cof ;yj:qgh ; xSrf cyf.ckdifpAwf:Omif;qgrf:/ 38/ pgif ;umef zhm,tk yf ,uk rfumef rld if ;-rld if :]o}plof yof ;auj,rwD ,efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef .Eh .? wgef ;wj,auj,r 45
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
wD ,efG :rld if :ywf :ykd ef . awpA wf:umefvh ;ih m;vlrf eef . vlof ,vh ;yluf :wif ;yef xj,evk rf :ygifumef rmif ,tef ? auj,rwD,pmyf,umefwj,aO, wSyf:wwf:ruf:ref;efG:ymif ukrfbof. cgwf,zgwf,yluf:wif;vh;bl,/
wgef;(4) auj,wrD, qgrf:ygwf:wgef;/ 39/ xj,e tefcof;yj:efG:auj,rwD,qgrf:ygwf: wgef;cof? zl;wmifwlof auj,rwD, cofvhmauj.sv; yluf. ulof,ulef:coffeef auj,rwD,qef.eldof zl;pmyf, umef wj,aO, qgrf:ygwf:wgef; vlof,tkyf,ukrfuefwSyf:wwf: rldeful;yguf;/ efG:zgif:bmrf: auj,rwD,uAof,cgif;qgrf:ygwf: wg e f ; cof pmyf , xmrf : uef b l , eef . ? wD ; sw.ref : xj,etefcof;yj:? zl;wmifwlof zl;cof;auj,rwD,vhm vhmauj. rD:Ohmihm;(tacB,tae,)trf,eef , rD:vgif ; vlof,vSuf;vhm;vhmauj.ehqkdif? auj,rwD,qgrf:ygwf:wgef; cof vlof,tkyf,ukrfuefaO wSyf:wwf:? rldefeif,pAwf: 46
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
rj:ull;yguf;eef.bof./ 40/ pg i f ; umef z h m ,tk y f , uk r f u mef r l d i f : -rl d i f : ]o} umefuAof,vlnf;efG:aq,wgef;? aq,oAif:? aq,oAif:ckduf. wgef;eef.? cmof:bmrf:auj,rwD, qgrf:ygwf:wgef;cof pmyf , xmrf : umef e ef . yA e f ( 5)yD < / ayj:oj;ref : Od k y f , vd l u f ; wif ; xS i f ; auj;? Ok d y f , pA w f : Omif ; uG j ,qg r f : wj,olef,ykef;zgef:ref:eef.vh;bl,/ 41/ pg i f ; umef z h m ,tk y f , uk r f u mef r l d i f : -rl d i f : ]o} tefuAof,vlnf; efG:auj,rwD,qgrf:ygwf:wgef;ul;Omif. Omif.cofeh.? awvh;zgwf,pSef:yef plofyof;? uSrfplof yof;sv; zl;erf:efG:ul;vgif; ekdif;auj./ 42/ pgif ;umef zhm,tk yf ,uk rf umef rld if :-rld if:]o} tefuAof,vlnf; efG:auj,rwD,qgrf:ygwf:wgef;ul;Omif. Omif.cofeh.? wgef;wj,pAwf:ymifukrfplyf.xlyf:awj,ej; eef. wD;at,Okwf:eef. (1)yD< ekdif;yguf; vlof,vh; cyf.ckdifuGj,bof./ 43/ pg i f ; umef z h m ,tk y f , uk r f u mef r l d i f : -rl d i f : ]o} umefuAof,vlnf;efG:ymifukrf plyf.xlyf:awj,ej; tef 47
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
auj,rwD, qgrf:ygwf:wgef; ul;Omif.Omif.cof awvh; cyf.ckdifuGj,eef. rD:eif,yj;wfG;eh.(1) awvh ; vl d u f ; wif ; zg w f ; pS e f : pl o f y of ; ? uS rfplofyof;sv; zl;erf :efG:sv; zl;cof ; yj: auj,rwD,pmyf,umefwj,aO, tefuAof, cgif;qgrf:ygwf:wgef;qldof:eef./ (2) vd uf ;vhm:imef : acj;wmif ,vof ; (tpD&ifcH pm) auj,rwD ,pmyf ,umef wj,aO,cof eef . awvh ; qS wf : aO:xg rf ,tof wS yf : wwf : ruf:ref; rldefeif,urf.tgefwmif:/ (3) acj;wS yf :wwf :efG :ymif uk rf plyf .xlyf :awj, ej; rldof;urf:tgefwmif: eef.? vlof,tkyf, ukrfuefqSwf;aO: ruf:ref;uGj,/ (4) yef p j(yBwf . Oej,)umef b f G , umef v l i f tefuAof,vlnf;qgrf : rldif:]o}eef.? clef. cGj.Ogefpj pAwf:(Okaw,Oe)ref:/tef wmif , sevgif ; pef xk d if s v; vgif ;xwf : Omif;rlef .sr: qldof:eef . cof ;yj:cyf.ckdif 48
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
pAwf:Omif;qgrf:vh;bl,/ 44/ pg i f ; umef z h m ,tk y f , uk r f u mef r l d i f : -rl d i f : ]o} tefuAof,vlnf; efG:auj,rwD,qgrf:ygwf:wgef;ul;Omif. Omif.cofeh.? awvh;yluf:wif;yefxj,e vkrf:ygifumef auj,rwD,pmyf,umefwj,aO,cof? vlof,vh;yAefzl;tgef plof pAwf: ymifukrfsv; vlvgrfwlnf:umefimef:qgrf:ul; oef:oef:qldof:eh.bof./ Zl ; cof ; yj:auj,rwD , pmyf , umef w j,aO,cof e h . ? wgef;wj, awvlvgrfwlnf:ej;umefqgrf:ul;oef:eef. awvh;zgwf,pSef:yef plofyof;? uSrfplofyof:? zl;erf: efG :ul;vgif ;sv; zll;cof ;yj:auj,wD ,pmyf ,umef wj,aO, ef G : yg wf : wg ef : ul ; wD ; wD ; ? OA ef ; qk d of ; zl ; wmif wl of (udk,fpm;vS,favmif;) rldof;tgefwmif: tefcof; yj:efG: auj,rwD,qgrf:ygwf:wgef;qldof:eef.? rl,qkrf: (tzgh.tOD:)cof? ulef:rldif:ul;qmof:cldof:sv; yluf.ulof, ul e f : tef u A o f , qg r f : zj,Oj,ab: cof e h . ? ef G : qk r f : zf G qk rf : ref : eef . ilyf . id wld if , ymif , uef r j:bof . aO rj:ygif ,OA ef ;qkdof ;? cof ;vlduf ;wif;efG :ymifuk rfplyf .xlyf : 49
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
awj,sv;auj,rwD,zl;pmyf,umefwj,aO,efG:ygwf:wgef; cof zgwf,pSef:vh;bof./ 45/ pgif ;umef zhm,tk yf ,uk rf umef rld if :-rld if:]o} umeftefuAof,vlnf;qgrf: auj,rwD,pmyf,umefwj,aO, efG:ygwf:wgef;eh.? tmrf:emwf,(tjej,)cof awvh; pA w f : Omif ; uG j ,qg r f : eef . rD : eif , yj;wf G ; eh . (1) awvh ;tgefplof pgif.pAwf:ymifukrfplyf.xlyf: awj,ej; auj,rwD , ef G : yg w f : wg e f ; / (2) wj,olef ,ykef ;zgef : tef wS yf :wwf :ruf : ref; efG:rhmrD;tkyf,yaw, pgif;umefzhm,tkyf, ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}sv; acj;wSyf:wwf: auj,rwD,efG:rldif:ywf:ykdef.cof wj,efG:rldif: sv;qg rf : eif , auj,rwD ,qef . eldof c of wSyf:wwf: ruf:ref; ej;umefwgefwj,efG: yg w f :wg ef ; ywf :yk d e f .ql d o f :eef . awvh ; Ol e f : wk r f pA w f : P;azj;erf . azj;wlof/ (3) awvh;cyf.ckdif pAwf:Omif;qgrf:cgyf,yldif acj; 50
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
wS yf :wwf : ef G :ymif uk rf plyf .xlyf :awj,ej; auj,rwD , qg r f : yg w f : wg e f ; eef . bof . / (4) auj,rwD ,ygwf:wgef;cof? zgif:pAwf:ymifukrf plyf.xlyf :awj,ej;eef.? qgrf:eif,acj; wmif,vof;(rl,uBrf:) zl;cof;qkrf:auj,rwD, ygwf :wgef ;cof eef .? Oif oj;qef .rld ef uef eh qkd if ? awvh ;wld if ,ymif ,uef wS yf : wwf:ruf;ref;yef/ (5) tof q g r f : eif , acj;qd O if , bg e f : xk d i f zl;erf:efG:ul;vgif;eef. vgif;bkuf.wmif, sv;vgif ;ek uf ,xgef ej;umef yk ef ;zgef : uS rf zl;erf :efG : auj,rwD ,ygwf ;wgef : cof eef.? tefuAof,qgrf: vgif;cgwf,zgwf,auj, rwD ,ygwf :wgef :cof eef .? vS uf ;vh m;zld rf . xSrfsv; vgif;bkuf.wmif,yef(trf,eef) vgif;ekuf,xgefySwf, wj,olef,ykef;zgef: zl; cof ;qk rf :auj,rD ,wmif , tef qld of :eef . auj; wSyf:wwf:uGj,vh;bl,/ 51
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
46/ pg i f ; umef z h m ,tk y f , uk r f u mef r l d i f : -rl d i f : ]o} tefuAof,vlnf;qgrf:ygwf:wgef; ul;qef.qef.eef.? plofyof;? uS rfplof yof ;sv;zl;erf:efG:ul;vgif ;eh. vlof , vh;pgif.pAwf:ymifukrf plofyof;? Ej;umefvrf,vgif;(tab :bf G , )tef pA wf : Omif ; qg rf : ul ; oef : oef : qld of : eef . auj,rwD,pmyf,umefwj,aO, vlof,vh; tofykef;zgef: aO cyf.ckdifuGj,/ qgrf:eif,cmof:bmrf: tefwSyf:wwf: oh.? wD;tefqef.xmefrldefuef efG:rkuf.qkrf:yj,wD, auj,rwD, efG:ygwf:wgef;Coffeef. tdifeldofOhmihm(t acB,tae,)vgif;cyf.ckdifpAwf:Omif;ej;umefqldof:eef. awvh;ygif,yef P;pkxkdif/ 47/ pg i f ; umef z h m ,tk y f , uk r f u mef r l d i f : -rd l i f : ]o} tefuAof,vlnf; qgrf:auj,rwD, qgrf:ygwf:wgef; ul; Omif.Omif.cofeh.? qgrf:eif ,iof :vhm:(tacB,tae,) umef imef:efG:ygwf:wgef;zfGref:eef. wgef;wj,aw vlvgrfwlnf: umefimef:ul;oef:oef:eef. vlof,tmyf, yefykef;zgef:wD; uSrfzl;erf:efG:ul;vgif; cofaOauj. auj.? uS rf zl;erf : ef G :ul;vgif ;cof eef .auj; vlof ,vh ; 52
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
cof;yj:urf.xSrf/ 48/ umeftefuAof,vlnf; efG:aq,wgef;(cbh,)? oAif:? aq;oAif:ckduf.wgef: qldof:eh.?awvh;tmyf;yefwD; zl;erf :efG : xj,evkrf :sv; uS rf zl;erf :ef G :xj,e vkrf:eif,uef tofykef;zgef:cyf.ckdifvh;bll,/ wgef; wj,awyluf:wif; xj,e vkrf:ygifumefeef. wlnf: qgrf :iof :vhm:(tacB,tae,)umefxlyf.rkdof : efG :ygwf : wgef;sv; xje,zfGxj,eref:eef. rD:umefvlof, pA wf :Omif ;aOvgif ;vgif ;qld of :eh .? awvh ;tk yf ,uk rf wldif,ymif,uef qgrf:auj,rwD,pmyf,umefwj,aO,efG:ygwf: wgef;ul;qef.qef.cofugef,? qmif;awwmif,xkdifwD; auj,rwD, qef.eldof zl;pmyf,umefwj,aO, efG:ygwf: wgef;cof? Oifoj; zgrf.vh;qfGuefwluf:vlif:rj:bof. qkdif cyf.ckdifpAwf:Omif;qgrf:vh;bl,/ 49/ pg i f ; umef z h m ,tk y f , uk r f u mef r l d i f : -rl d i f : ]o} plofyof; auj,rwD, efG:rldif:ywf:ydkef.sv;auj,rwD,ygwf: wg e f : ul ; Omif . Omif . eh . yA ef z l ; tge f pl of xl of : ej; cyf.ckdif umefimef: auj,rwD,pmyf,umefwj,aO, ul;Omif. 53
pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}
Omif.cof bof ./ qldof:yAef uSrfplofyof ;(tk uf.ux)sv; uSrfzl;erf:efG:ul;vgif;eef.? vlof,vh;cof;yj: urf.xSrf yefpSif: ej;umefwjimef: plofyof ;(tkuf.ux)cyf.ckdif pAwf:Omif;qldof:eef.bl,bof./ zgwf,pSef:ymifukrf plof yof;tgefplof? qgrf:eif,umefimef: vrf,vgif;(tab: bf G , )auj,rwD , pmyf , umef wj,aO, cof v lof , pA wf : Omif ; qgrf: ul;oef:oef:eef. awvh;wSyf:wwf:ruf:ref; yef/ 50/ ymif uk rf plof yof ;(tk uf .ux)eh . ? wg ef ;wj, awtmyf ;ej:vgh:yef wj,olef , ykef ;zgef :wD;auj,r wD,pmyf,umefwj,aO,cofeef.? yguf;awrj: tgefej;yh, xkdif ymifplyf:xlyf.awj,ej;yguf;xlef;(1)eef. vlof, vh;pgif.pAwf:ymifukrfuef cyf.ckdifuGj,/ qkdif;rldif:rmef;? wgef;vdefckduf.wgef:rhm(2) rldif:]o}? pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrfumefrldif:-rldif:]o}? acj;ruf:ref; auj,rwD, cyf.ckdifpmif;pSef: ymifwkrf(nD,vj,crf,) yguf; xlef;(2)/ 54
yuf:yldif ej;umeful;vgif;vgif;(qlof;cmof:)
}}yuf:yldif]]tkyf.yaw, ej;umeful;vgif;vgif; tefeh.eh..? rldof;yD< 2012. vldefqkef,(15)oef:? (oef:Oguf:uBK,)eef.? auj,rwD, iof;ikef:yj,wD,cgwf, vl d w f ; zg r f . pl r f ; rl d i f : ]o}cof qS w f ; aO: ef G : ymif u k r f iof;ikef:auj,rwD,bof.? ruf:ref;uGj,/
plofyof; (tkuf.ux) pgif;umefwD;tkyf,ukrf umefrldif:-rldif:]o} vkrf:auj,rwD, cyf.ckdifpmif;pSef: ymifwkrf(nD,vj,crf,) yguf;xlef;(2)/ yD< 2012 ck? vldefqkef, (15)
55