Catalogo Artistas del siglo
20
Índice
1. Andrew Warhola 2. Roy Liechtenstein 3. Keith Haring 4. Rene Magritte 5. Joan miró 6. Man Ray 7. Chema Madoz 8. Henri Mattise 9. Sigmar Polke 10. Gustav Klimt 11. Robert Rauschenberg 12. Salvador Dalí 13. Jackson pollock 14. Jeff Koons 15. David Lachapelle 16. Cindy Sherman 17. Frida Kahlo 18. Stan Brakhage 19. Pina Bausch 20. Anish Kapoor
Page. 4 - 7 Page. 8 - 11 Page. 12 - 15 Page. 16 - 19 Page. 20 - 23 Page. 24 - 27 Page. 28 - 31 Page. 32 - 35 Page. 36 - 39 Page. 40 - 43 Page. 44 - 47 Page. 48 - 51 Page. 52 - 55 Page. 56 -59 Page. 60 - 63 Page. 64 - 67 Page. 68 - 71 Page. 72 - 75 Page. 76 - 79 Page. 80 - 83
Andrew Warhola (Born in August 6 - 1928 , Died in February 22 - 1987)
Biography Born on August 6, 1928, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Andy Warhol was a successful magazine and ad illustrator who became a leading artist of the 1960s Pop art movements. He ventured into a wide variety of art forms, including performance art, filmmaking, video installations and writing, and controversially blurred the lines between fine art and mainstream aesthetics. Warhol died on February 22, 1987, in New York City.
Marylin Diptych The Marilyn Diptych is a silkscreen painting by American pop artist Andy Warhol. The piece is one of the artist’s most noted works, and it has been praised by several cultural critics such as Camille Paglia.
Campbell’s Soup Cans Campbell’s Soup Cans, which is sometimes referred to as 32 Campbell’s Soup Cans, is a work of art produced in 1962 by Andy Warhol
Roy Lichsteinsen
(Born october 27 - 1923 , Died September 1997)
Biography Roy Lichtenstein was one of the first American Pop artists to achieve widespread renown, and he became a lightning rod for criticism of the movement. His early work ranged widely in style and subject matter, and displayed considerable understanding of modernist painting: Lichtenstein would often maintain that he was as interested in the abstract qualities of his images as he was in their subject matter. However, the mature Pop style he arrived at in 1961, which was inspired by comic strips, was greeted by accusations of banality, lack of originality, and, later, even copying. His high-impact, iconic images have since become synonymous with Pop art, and his method of creating images, which blended aspects of mechanical reproduction and drawing by hand, has become central to critics’ understanding of the significance of the movement.
In The Car In the Car is a 1963 pop art painting by Roy Lichtenstein. The smaller, older of the two versions of this painting formerly held the record for highest auction price for a Lichtenstein painting.
Women with Flowered Hat Woman with Flowered Hat is a 1963 pop art painting with Magna on canvas by Roy Lichtenstein. The work is based on a Pablo Picasso portrait of Dora Maar. In May 2013, it sold for a record price for a Lichtenstein work
Keith haring (Born in May 4 - 1958 , Died in February 16 - 1990)
Biography Bridging the gap between the art world and the street, Keith Haring rose to prominence in the early 1980s with his graffiti drawings made in the subways and on the sidewalks of New York City. Combining the appeal of cartoons with the raw energy of Art Brut artists like Jean DuBuffet, Haring developed a distinct pop-graffiti aesthetic centered on fluid, bold outlines against a dense, rhythmic overspread of imagery like that of babies, barking dogs, flying saucers, hearts, and Mickey Mouse. In his subway drawings and murals, Haring explored themes of exploitation, subjugation, drug abuse, and rising fears of nuclear holocaust, which became increasingly apocalyptic after his AIDS diagnosis. Alongside Jean-Michel Basquiat, Kenny Scharf, and Jenny Holzer, Haring is regarded as a leading figure in New York East Village Art scene in the 1970s and ‘80s.
Andy Mouse Keith Haring met Andy Warhol in 1984 following his second exhibition in New York at the Tony Shafrazi Gallery. Keith Haring and Andy Warhol quickly discovered a mutual admiration for Walt Disney. For his exuberant character Andy Mouse, Keith Haring combined two of his heroes, Andy Warhol and Walt Disney.
Tuttomondo
Tuttomondo is a large mural made by Keith Haring in 1989 on the outer wall of the canonical church of Sant’Antonio abate in Pisa . The surface of the wall measures about 180 square meters (10 meters high for 18 meters wide); This is the biggest wall ever made in Europe, the last public work of the US artist, as well as the only one designed to be permanent.
Rene Magritte
(Born in November 21 - 1898 , Died in August 15 - 1967)
Biography Surely the most celebrated Belgian artist of the twentieth century, Rene Magritte has achieved great popular acclaim for his idiosyncratic approach to Surrealism. To support himself he spent many years working as a commercial artist, producing advertising and book designs, and this most likely shaped his fine art, which often has the abbreviated impact of an advertisement. While some French Surrealists led ostentatious lives, Magritte preferred the quiet anonymity of a middle-class existence, a life symbolized by the bowler-hatted men that often populate his pictures. In later years, he was castigated by his peers for some of his strategies (such as his tendency to produce multiple copies of his pictures), yet since his death his reputation has only improved. Conceptual artists have admired his use of text in images, and painters in the 1980s admired the provocative kitsch of some of his later work.
The Son of Man The Son of Man is a 1964 painting by the Belgian surrealist painter RenĂŠ Magritte. Magritte painted it as a self-portrait
The False Mirror The False Mirror is a surrealist oil painting by RenĂŠ Magritte that depicts a human eye framing a cloudy, blue sky. In the depiction of the eye in the painting, the clouds take the place normally occupied by the iris
Joan Mirรณ
(Born in April 20 - 1893 , Died December 25 - 1983)
Biography Early in his career, Miró primarily painted still-lifes, landscapes, and genre scenes. Influences ranging from the folk art and Romanesque church frescoes of his native Catalan region in Spain to 17th-century Dutch realism were eventually superseded by more contemporary ones: Fauvism, Cubism, and Surrealism captivated the young artist, who had relocated to Paris in 1921. His exposure to the ideas of André Breton and Breton’s Surrealist circle prompted Miró to make radical changes to his style, although the artist cannot be said to have identified consistently with a single school. Rather, his artistic career may be characterized as one of persistent experimentation and a lifelong flirtation with non-objectivity. Miró’s signature biomorphic forms, geometric shapes, and semi-abstracted objects are expressed in multiple media, from ceramics and engravings to large bronze installations.
The lunar Bird Lunar Bird is an abstract bronze sculpture by Joan Mirรณ. It was modeled in 1945, enlarged in 1966, and cast in 1967. It is in the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
Personnage Oiseaux Personnage Oiseaux is one of Joan Miró’s largest works in the United States and his only glass mosaic mural, 1972–1978.
Man Ray
(Born in 27 -1990 , Died in November 18 - 1976)
Biography Born Emmanuel Radnitzky, Man Ray adopted his pseudonym in 1909 and would become one of the key figures of Dada and Surrealism. One of the few American artists associated with these movements, Ray was exposed to European avant-garde artists like Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque at Alfred Stieglitz’s New York gallery and at the 1913 Armory Show. Ray’s photographic works are considered his most profound achievement, particularly his portraits, fashion photographs, and technical experiments with the medium, such as solarization and rayographs (an eponym for his photograms), which were celebrated by the Surrealists. “I do not photograph nature,” he once said. “I photograph my visions.” In 1915 he was introduced to Marcel Duchamp, who would become a lifelong friend and influence; he subsequently moved to Paris, practicing there for over 20 years.
Ingres’s Violin Title: Le Violon d’Ingres (Ingres’s Violin) Artist/Maker: Man Ray (American, 1890 - 1976) Culture: American Place: Paris, France (Place created) Date: 1924 Medium: Gelatin silver print Dimensions: 29.6 × 22.7 cm (11 5/8 × 8 15/16 in.)
Indestructible Object Artist: Man Ray Dimensions: 22 cm x 11 cm x 12 cm Location: Moma District Created: 1964–1923 Period: Dada Medium: Metronome
Chema Madoz
Biography He was born in Madrid in 1958 and was a pupil of Javier Valhonrat in the photography workshops of the Fine Arts Academy of Madrid. He studied History of Art at the Complutense University of Madrid at the same time as attending photography courses at the Image Teaching Centre. His first individual exhibition was in Madrid in 1983, at the Royal Photographic Society of Madrid. Since 1990 he has been developing the concept of objects, a subject which would appear constantly in his photography until the present. Madoz’s work approaches the genre of transient sculpture. They are characterised by complete simplicity, always in black and white, with careful lighting and the objects photographed are made with exquisite skill.
Unknown work
Unknown work
Henri matisse
(Born in december 31- 1869 , Died in november 3 - 1954)
Biography Henri Matisse is widely regarded as the greatest colorist of the twentieth century and as a rival to Pablo Picasso in the importance of his innovations. He emerged as a Post-Impressionist, and first achieved prominence as the leader of the French movement Fauvism. Although interested in Cubism, he rejected it, and instead sought to use color as the foundation for expressive, decorative, and often monumental paintings. As he once controversially wrote, he sought to create an art that would be “a soothing, calming influence on the mind, rather like a good armchair.� Still life and the nude remained favorite subjects throughout his career; North Africa was also an important inspiration, and, towards the end of his life, he made an important contribution to collage with a series of works using cut-out shapes of color. He is also highly regarded as a sculptor.
Le Bonheur de Vivre Le bonheur de vivre is a painting by Henri Matisse. Along with Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, Le bonheur de vivre is regarded as one of the pillars of early modernism. Artist: Henri Matisse Period: Fauvism Location: Barnes Foundation Genre: History painting Created: 1905–1906 Medium: Oil paint
Portrait of Madam Matrisse The Green Stripe, also known as Portrait of Madame Matisse. The Green Line, is a portrait by Henri Matisse of his wife, AmĂŠlie Noellie Matisse-Parayre Artist: Henri Matisse Dimensions: 40 cm x 32 cm Medium: Oil on canvas Location: National Gallery of Denmark Period: Fauvism Created: 1905
Sigmar Polke (Born in February 13 - 1941 , Died in June 10 - 2010)
Biography Multi-media artist, Sigmar Polke, had the capacity to be at once irreverent, playful, and acerbic. From painting to photography and film to installations and prints, Polke’s work, which often incorporated non-traditional materials and techniques, was above all a critique of art itself. Sometimes veiled and sometimes confrontational, the messages conveyed in his work raise serious questions about aesthetic, political, and social conventions. For Polke, the production of art was consistently a dialogue between himself and the viewer, which presented virtually limitless interpretive possibilities. Along with a group of fellow artists that included Gerhard Richter, he introduced the term, Capitalist Realism, which refers loosely to commodity-based art. Further, and specifically in the case of Polke’s work, Capitalist Realism constitutes not only a critique of Pop art and the commodification of art and capitalism overall but also of the idealistic and overtly nationalistic Soviet Social Realism that Polke was particularly exposed (and opposed) to
Watch tower with Geese
Khan Academy
Gustav Klimt
(Born in July 14 - 1862 , Died in February 6 - 1918)
Biography Austrian painter Gustav Klimt had many quirks. Once, his patron Friederika Maria Beer-Monti came to his studio to have her portrait painted, wearing a flashy polecat jacket designed by Klimt’s friends at the Wiener Werkstätte. One would think Klimt would approve, but instead he had her turn it inside out to expose the red silk lining, and that was how he painted her. But Klimt, Vienna’s most renowned artist of the era, had the prestige to do this. He is still remembered as one of the greatest decorative painters of the twentieth century, while also producing one of the century’s most significant bodies of erotic art. Initially successful in his endeavors for architectural commissions in an academic manner, his encounter with more modern trends in European art encouraged him to develop his own highly personal, eclectic, and often fantastic style. As the co-founder and first president of the Vienna Secession, Klimt also ensured that this movement would become widely influential. Klimt never courted scandal, but the highly controversial subject matter of his work in a traditionally very conservative artistic center dogged his career. Although he never married, Klimt remains romantically linked to several mistresses, with whom he is said to have fathered fourteen children, despite his extreme discretion about his personal life.
The Kiss The Kiss was painted by the Austrian Symbolist painter Gustav Klimt between 1907 and 1908, the highpoint of his “Golden Period”, when he painted a number of works in a similar gilded style. Artist: Gustav Klimt Dimensions: 1.8 m x 1.8 m Location: Österreichische Galerie Belvedere Created: 1907–1908 Periods: Art Nouveau, Vienna Secession Media: gold leaf, Oil paint
The Three Ages of Women The Three Ages of Woman is a painting by Gustav Klimt that was completed in Austria in 1905 Artist: Gustav Klimt Dimensions: 1.8 m x 1.8 m Medium: Oil paint Period: Art Nouveau Created: 1905 Genre: Allegory
Robert Rauschenberg (Born in October 22 - 1925 , Died in May 12 - 2008)
Biography Considered by many to be one of the most influential American artists due to his radical blending of materials and methods, Robert Rauschenberg was a crucial figure in the transition from Abstract Expressionism to later modern movements. One of the key Neo-Dada movement artists, his experimental approach expanded the traditional boundaries of art, opening up avenues of exploration for future artists. Although Rauschenberg was the enfant terrible of the art world in the 1950s, he was deeply respected and admired by his predecessors. Despite this admiration, he disagreed with many of their convictions and literally erased their precedent to move forward into new aesthetic territory that reiterated the earlier Dada inquiry into the definition of art.
Hiccups Artist: Robert Rauschenberg Created: 1978 Medium: solvent transfer
Automobile Tire Print Artist: Robert Rauschenberg Created: 1978 Medium: solvent transfer
Salvador DalĂ (Born in May 11 - 1904 , Died in January 23 - 1989)
Biography Salvador Dalí is among the most versatile and prolific artists of the twentieth century and the most famous Surrealist. Though chiefly remembered for his painterly output, in the course of his long career he successfully turned to sculpture, printmaking, fashion, advertising, writing, and, perhaps most famously, filmmaking in his collaborations with Luis Buñuel and Alfred Hitchcock. Dalí was renowned for his flamboyant personality and role of mischievous provocateur as much as for his undeniable technical virtuosity. In his early use of organic morphology, his work bears the stamp of fellow Spaniards Pablo Picasso and Joan Miró. His paintings also evince a fascination for Classical and Renaissance art, clearly visible through his hyper-realistic style and religious symbolism of his later work.
The Persistence of Memory The Persistence of Memory is a 1931 painting by artist Salvador DalĂ, and is one of his most recognizable works Artist: Salvador Dali Dimensions: 24 cm x 33 cm Location: Museum of Modern Art (since 1934) Medium: Oil on canvas Created: 1931 Periods: Surrealism, Avant-garde
The Face of War The Face of War is a painting by the Spanish surrealist Salvador Dalí. It was painted during a brief period when the artist lived in California. The trauma and the view of war had often served as inspiration for Dalí’s work. Artist: Salvador Dali Location: Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen Dimensions: 64 cm × 79 cm (25.2 in × 31.1 in) Medium: Oil paint Period: Surrealism Created: 1940
Jackson Pollock (Born in January 28 - 1912 , Died in August 11 - 1956)
Biography In its edition of August 8th, 1949, Life magazine ran a feature article about Jackson Pollock that bore this question in the headline: “Is he the greatest living painter in the United States?” Could a painter who flung paint at canvases with a stick, who poured and hurled it to create roiling vortexes of color and line, possibly be considered “great”? New York’s critics certainly thought so, and Pollock’s pre-eminence among the Abstract Expressionists has endured, cemented by the legend of his alcoholism and his early death. The famous ‘drip paintings’ that he began to produce in the late 1940s represent one of the most original bodies of work of the century. At times they could suggest the lifeforce in nature itself, at others they could evoke man’s entrapment - in the body, in the anxious mind, and in the newly frightening modern world.
Autumn Rhythm (Number 30) Autumn Rhythm (Number 30) is a 1950 abstract expressionist drip painting by American artist Jackson Pollock. Artist: Jackson Pollock Location: Metropolitan Museum of Art Genre: Abstract art Created: 1950
Guardians of the Secret Artist: Jackson Pollock Created: 1943 Medium: Oil paint
Jeff Koons (Born in 21-1955)
Biography Jeff Koons derives inspiration from things you might find at a yard sale: inflatable plastic toys, vacuum cleaners, porcelain trinkets and other items not typically considered fine art. He is the epitome of Neo-Pop, a 1980s movement that looked to earlier Pop artists, particularly Warhol, for inspiration. His steel Balloon Dog sculptures, probably his best-known works, transpose an ephemeral childhood memory into an enduring form. His work looks cheap, but is expensive, an ingenious reversal of economic logic that forms the basis for his stunning commercial success. Rather than offending the art snob, Koons has challenged top collectors to revise their notions of what fine art looks like. This is a brilliant marketing strategy. His work brings the highest prices of any living artist on the auction market. Evidence of a turning point in art history, Koons is a new kind of genius in art. A significant departure from the modernist ideal of the misunderstood visionary, Koons is the anti-modernist, a shrewd, self-proclaimed crowd-pleaser, and avid promoter of his own work.
Balloon Dog Artist: Jeff Koons
Michael Jackson and Bubbles Michael Jackson and Bubbles is a porcelain sculpture by the American artist Jeff Koons. It was created in 1988 within the framework of his Banality series Artist: Jeff Koons Medium: Porcelain Created: 1988 Subject: Michael Jackson, Bubbles
David LaChapelle (Born March 11 - 1963)
Biography is an American commercial photographer, fine-art photographer, music video director, film director, and artist. He is best known for his photography, which often references art history and sometimes conveys social messages.
Milk Maid
Unknown (David Lachapelle)
Cindy Sherman (Born in January 19 - 1954)
Biography Cindy Sherman is a contemporary master of socially critical photography. She is a key figure of the “Pictures Generation,” a loose circle of American artists who came to artistic maturity and critical recognition during the early 1980s, a period notable for the rapid and widespread proliferation of mass media imagery. At first painting in a super-realist style in art school during the aftermath of American Feminism, Sherman turned to photography toward the end of the 1970s in order to explore a wide range of common female social roles, or personas. Sherman sought to call into question the seductive and often oppressive influence of mass-media over our individual and collective identities. Turning the camera on herself in a game of extended role playing of fantasy Hollywood, fashion, mass advertising, and “girl-next-door” roles and poses, Sherman ultimately called her audience’s attention to the powerful machinery and make-up that lay behind the countless images circulating in an incessantly public, “plugged in” culture. Sexual desire and domination, the fashioning of self identity as mass deception, these are among the unsettling subjects lying behind Sherman’s extensive series of self-portraiture in various guises. Sherman’s work is central in the era of intense consumerism and image proliferation at the close of the 20th century.
Untitled #153 Untitled #153 is a photograph made by American visual artist Cindy Sherman in 1985. In 2010, a print was auctioned for $2.7 million, making it one of the most expensive photographs ever sold at that time. Artist: Cindy Sherman Created: 1985 Material: Chromogenic color print Dimensions: 170 cm Ă— 120 cm (67 in Ă— 49 in);
Untitled Film Still #16 Artist: Cindy Sherman Created: 1978–1978 Media: Photograph, Gelatin silver print
Frida Kahlo (Born in July 6 - 1907 , Died in July 13 - 1954)
Biography Frida Kahlo’s work was influenced by traumatic physical and psychological events from her childhood and early adulthood, including a crippling accident and the infidelity of her husband. In addition to personal issues, Kahlo’s often brooding and introspective subject matter also deals with questions of national identity. Her mixed ancestry - Mexican and German - provided a rich source of ideas, particularly during the Second World War, when Kahlo changed the spelling of her first name to one that was less Germanic. Her works are often categorized as Surrealist because of her sometimes bizarre and disturbing themes, but unlike the Surrealists, Kahlo was not interested in dreams or the subconscious - her art was almost always starkly autobiographical. In later life, she was forced to rely on painkillers that affected the quality of her output. She has now become a cultural icon and is especially revered in her home country for her focus on her Mexican identity, or Mexicanidad.
The Two Fridas The Two Fridas is an oil painting by Mexican artist Frida Kahlo. The painting was the first large-scale work done by Kahlo and is considered one of her most notable paintings. Artist: Frida Kahlo Dimensions: 1.73 m x 1.73 m Location: Museo de Arte Moderno, Mexico City Period: NaĂŻve art Created: 1939 Medium: Oil paint
The Broken Column
The Broken Column (La Columna Rota in Spanish) is an oil on masonite painting by Mexican artist Frida Kahlo, painted in 1944 shortly after she had had spinal surgery to correct on-going problems which had resulted from a serious traffic accident when the painter was eighteen years old Artist: Frida Kahlo Location: Museo Dolores Olmedo, Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico Dimensions: 39.8 cm × 30.6 cm (15.7 in × 12.0 in) Genre: Self-portrait Created: 1944 Periods: Surrealism, Modern art, Naïve art, Magical Realism
Stan Brakhage (Born in January 14 - 1933 , Died in March 9 2003)
Biography James Stanley Brakhage, better known as Stan Brakhage, was an American non-narrative filmmaker. He is considered to be one of the most important figures in 20th-century experimental film.
Mothlight Mothlight is an experimental short film by Stan Brakhage, released in 1963. The film was created without the use of a camera. Wikipedia Initial release: 1963 Director: Stan Brakhage Language: English language
The Dante Quartet The Dante Quartet is an experimental short film by Stan Brakhage, completed in 1987. The film was inspired by Dante’s The Divine Comedy, and took six years to produce. Wikipedia Initial release: 1987 Director: Stan Brakhage Language: English language
Pina Bausch
(Born in July 17 - 1940 , Died in June 30 - 2009)
Biography Pina Bausch was born 1940 in Solingen and died 2009 in Wuppertal. She received her dance training at the Folkwang School in Essen under Kurt Jooss, where she achieved technical excellence. Soon after the director of Wuppertal’s theatres, Arno Wüstenhöfer, engaged her as choreographer, from autumn 1973, she renamed the ensemble the Tanztheater Wuppertal. Under this name, although controversial at the beginning, the company gradually achieved international recognition. Its combination of poetic and everyday elements influenced the international development of dance decisively. Awarded some of the greatest prizes and honours world-wide, Pina Bausch is one of the most significant choreographers of our time.
The Rite of Spring
Vollmond
Anish Kapoor (Born in 12 - 1954)
Biography Sir Anish Kapoor, CBE RA, is a British sculptor. Born in Bombay, Kapoor has lived and worked in London since the early 1970s when he moved to study art, first at the Hornsey College of Art and later at the Chelsea School of Art and Design.
Cloud Gate
Cloud Gate is a public sculpture by Indian-born British artist Anish Kapoor, that is the centerpiece of AT&T Plaza at Millennium Park in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois. Artist: Anish Kapoor Address: Chicago, IL 60601, USA Construction started: February 2004 Dimensions: 10 m × 13 m × 20 m (33 ft × 42 ft × 66 ft) Medium: Stainless steel Hours: Open today · 6AM–11PM Architect: Anish Kapoor
Shooting Into the Corner Artist: Anish Kapoor Created: 2009 Period: Neo-expressionism Genre: Site-specific art