Selected works
2011-2017
Architecture Portfolio Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu Academic Design Projects Volunteer Projects Professional Work Hands-on Experiences
Ng Yuen Yung, Yuyu /Birth Date/ /Phone/ /Email/ /Mail/
9th Jun 1992 (+852) 94539930 yyngyuyu@gmail.com Flat G, 17/f, Tower 2, Wing Fai Centre, 2-10 Luen Chit Street, Fanling, New Territories, Hong Kong
[Qualifications]
[Related Experiences]
Education
Voluntary building projects
Chinese University of Hong Kong | Full-time
Volunteer Internship | Full-time (On-Site)
Master of Architecture 2015-2017
AYA Arch. Sichuan, China 2014 Jun- Aug
Politecnico Di Milano | Exchange Semester
Chinese University of Hong Kong | Full-time
Volunteer Bridge Construction Helper
Bachelor of Social Science (Architectural Studies) 2011-2014
Wu Zhi Qiao Charitable Foundation. Gansu, China 2014 April
Professional Practice
Hands on design/ production
Architectural Assistant | Full-time
“Studio in-Situ” | Event Collaborative Helper
Master of Architecture 2016 Spring Semester
Parallel Lab. Hong Kong, China 2014 Aug- 2015 Jun
-Design Competitions “Talbaj” (School in Mongolia) “Potluck” (Temporary public space in Vancouver)
-Research, Graphic Design, Exhibition Set up “Umbrella Movement Mapping”
-Concept Design and Development “Residential Unit, Stanley” -Design and Construction Document “Handrail in Connecting Space, North Point”
Awards Travel Scholarship for Design Innovation L&O Company 2013
Skills Language
Cantonese (Native), Mandarin (Fluent), English (Fluent)
Software
Revit (Certificate), Rhinoceros, AutoCad, Autodesk Ecotect Analysis (Basic), Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign
-Construction Supervision & Research Analysis/ “Sijiji Village Primary School” “Yi Village Houses”
MAD [Studio in-Situ]. Ping Che, Hong Kong 2016 February - Event Preparation, Concept Design and development - Installation of the final design
“Refugees Furniture Workshop” | Event Co-ordinator Project Leader: Elizabeth Lui, Justice Centre. 2015 August - Workshop Preparation and Meterial Sourcing - Product Design and Instructing
Bamboo Bike Workshop | Co- Founder
Boocycle (Bicycle Making Business) Co-founded with Elton Lau 2015- present - Award: UnLtd - Try it! Grant 2015 - Offers tutorials & material for handmade bamboo bikes - Logo & Poster Design, Exhibition Preparation
Poster Design | Infographic Team Designer Liber Research Community. Hong Kong. 2015-Now - Infograph【灣仔保育淪陷】 - Infograph【啟德油輪毒氣】
Competition Regenerative Architecture Competition FuturArc 2014
社區生活提案 賽馬會『藍屋創作室』文化保育教育計劃 2017
Selected Work
2011-2017
Design and Productions
CONTENTS
ACADEMIC Reincarnation of Ruins (Master Thesis) A place conscious commune against tabular rasa Queen’s Hill, Fanling, Hong Kong
06
Cascina Pagnana (Preservation Project)
16
Sai Ying Pun [Street] Market
20
A preservation design project of a guesthouse Cascina Pagnana, Milan, Italy
A market with communcal facilities reconnects to the street Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong
Underground: London VS Hong Kong
A comparative study between infrastructure system London/ Hong Kong
24 PRACTICE/ VOLUNTEER
26
Umbrella Movement Mapping Professional work
Duckling Hill Professional work
28 HANDS ON/ PERSONAL Studio in-Situ: Ping Che Village
A civic architecture experience Ta Kwu Ling Ping Che, Hong Kong
Refugees Furniture Workshop
A workshop organized for refugees to contirbute by
making furnitures for the local low-income group
Handmade Bamboo Bikes
A personal project to enhance a more sustainable
and hands on experience for bike-making
Graphic Designs
Posters & Infographics created for personal projects and local research community
29 30 31 32
Sijiji Village
Volunteer project Construction of Primary School and research Sijiji Village, Sichuan
Selected Work
2011-2017
Clinic
Cafe
Bridge to Bazaar Central Plaza towards Community Canteen Peak View Deck
ACADEMIC PROJECT
Reincarnation of Ruins [Thesis] Programme: Community Site: Queen’s Hill, Fanling, Hong Kong Project year: 2016-7 Advisor: Thomas Chung
Post Office & Bank Library and Multi-media Centre
(Pottery and Material Worksh
hop)
Reincarnation of Ruins (Master Thesis)
ACADEMIC PROJECT
Farmers’ Market Cafeteria
Leisure Garden Visitor Centre & History Museum
Project Description This thesis tries to build a place-conscious commune by contemplating the relationship among the neglected abandoned structures (ruins), new town developments and landscape design. It is neither to deny the need of new housing developments nor to restore the demolished building to its perfect state like conventional preservation or restoration. Instead, it is to provide alternatives to build on top of the existing context, be it historically consistent, ruined or demolished, so that the different layers of history can co-exist.
7
Selected Work
2011-2017
Co-Existence of Urban And Rural Village Walkway From Kwan Tei (By foot: 0.6km, 8min)
4.6km to Shenzhen Border (Luo Hu)
Masterplan
Instead of a tubular rasa type of redevelopment, the masterplan tries to connect the existing contextual elements on a district level. The centre part of Queen’s Hill is designed as two journeys interlinked: Meditation and Communal, with functions that serve both the existing neighbourhood and future residents. Users can experience the old structures in different occasions.
2.7km to Ping Che
Mapopo Community Farm Fung Shui Pond Soy Sauce Factory
Kwan Tei Village
HEART OF QUEEN’S HILL
Urban Public Housing
Local Economy & Manufacturing From Luen Wo Hui Old Market (By cycling: 2.6km, 20min)
Queen’s Hill Peak
Heritage Walkway From On Lok Industrial Village (By foot: 2.2km, 35min) Rural Farmland
Lung Yeuk Tau Indigenous Village
From Fragmentation to Reconnection
Hiking Trail To Lau Shau Heung Reservoir (By foot: 2km, 30min)
Queen’s Hill, Fanling, New Territories
The Map shows a New Network System linking Queen’s Hill Development with other parts of the neighbourhood. The four paths have different characters. They were originally seperated and unrelated. By breaking the boundary of the former Queen’s Hill Camp, these paths becomes interconnected. Queen’s Hill New Housing Development is not just a housing estate, but also a base for local people to learn about the place. Circle area shows the focused design of the project, which is the heart of Queen’s Hill.
St. Joseph Church Luen Wo Hui
Ruins and natural landscape as mediation?
Old Market Luen Wo Hui
Agricultural Land
Community Farm Ma Shi Po
Tung Chen Soy Sauce Factory Sha Tau Kok Road
Lo Wai Lung Yeuk Tau
Reservior Lau Shui Heung
Reincarnation of Ruins (Master Thesis)
ACADEMIC PROJECT
0. Original Landscape (Before Development)
2. Programmatic Distribution a. Highly Centralized (Government’s “Housing” Proposal)
Mixture of natural vegetation and abandoned structures
Different programs are clearly allocated to specific building or podium mall. Spatial interaction with the site is little.
Education: Government/ International School Retail: Shopping Mall Communal: Government Complex
Exisiting Structures in 2007
b. Dispersed over Site Community” Proposal)
(Thesis “Queen’s Hill
Communal programs are allocated into the existing structures over the site with appropriate new interventions for daily purposes. Specific old buildings are transformed to celebrate its ruin aesthetics with meditative purposes.
1. New & Old Relationship a. Clear-cut between new & old (Government’s Proposal) Some exisiting structures and natural vegetation are demolished to build the new structures.
Education: School of Indigenous Learning Retail: Bazzar/ “Hui” Market Communal: Canteen/ Meeting Hall/ Library Public Open Space Meditative: Spa/ Yoga Artists’ Residence/ Hostels
Proposed New Housings Exisiting Structures
Partial Design for enhancing local identity (Preliminary Draft)
b. Integrating new & old (Thesis Design Proposal)
Exisiting structures are transformed into new functions to serve the new community. In return, the physical place history can be preserved.
a. Hostel/ Artists- in- Residence Visitors or Artists can be inspired by the site, and create land arts to further define the spirit of Queen’s Hill.
b. School of Indigenous Learning Unlike formal schools, this school provides education on local history and natural knowledge to enhance the local identity gradually.
Proposed New Housings Exisiting Structures with new functions
Art events related to the land and nature can be held by artists on site.
Minimal benches and table are set under the tree for outdoor classroom.
School’s playground is integrated with the natural environment of the site.
9
Selected Work
Landscape
Instead of flattening the landscape for large scale construction, the original landscape is emphasized by new routes and connections through the different levels of landscape. The landscape also extends itself below the residential towers, which melts the boundary between natural environment and human habitat.
2011-2017
ACADEMIC PROJECT
Reincarnation of Ruins (Master Thesis)
District Analysis and Strategy
11
Selected Work
2011-2017
Research study
ii. Theory & Framework for today’s local ruins
Throughout the history, the perception of ruin points much further beyond its physical state, but reflects the defiance towards a mainstream culture of the period, be it architecturally, historically, culturally, politically or environmentally. It provides a ground for reflecting the present by linking to the past, and imagining new possibilities.
(a) Learning from history and current practices
Baroque/ Realism
Middle Age/ Realism/ Modern
Middle Age
Post- Modern/ Neo- Classicism/ Romanticism
Relative art value
Meditative Journey
The Meditative journey focuses on creating a conscious and dilemmic experience towards old and new development, nature and man- made structures. Allegory of ruins plays a role at this journey.The new spa utilizes the “decayed walls” to introduce plants to climb in as a natural decoration, while the chimney is kept for heating purposes. A new platform is designed to look at the old structures against the new housings.
Contemporary (Melting Pot)
Historical value
Use value
Age value
Kunstwollen
Kunstwollen
Age value
Historical value
Kunstwollen
Post- War Commercialized
Fast pace Urbanization
Age value
Historical value
Remain Ruins
Revitalization & Conservation
Preservation
(Only declared monument)
Demolition
Remain intact
Adaptive re-use
Building upon
(Ruination)
(Refurbish old)
(New intervention based on ruin)
Recreate/ Revival
(Melding different past elements in the new built)
“Self- financing” Policy
Theories of Alois Riegl
Hong Kong Heritage
Ruins features
Use value
Recyclable
Historical value
Rediscovery Allegory Imagination
Monumentality
Aestheticization
Age value
Age
+
Disobedient
Relative art value
Europe Heritage
Collective Conscious
Theories of Alois Riegl
Sustainable design
Use value
Collective Memory
Historical value
Collective Unconscious
Kunstwollen
New Possibility:
Active Transformation (Action: Base on collective consciousness)
Age value
Relative art value
Newness value
Existing “Ruin Porn”:
Passive Appreciation (High land price)
Preservation
(as heritage/ archaeology)
Demolition
Conservation
High-value heritage Only
(Low land price)
Remain abandoned
Non- stop Urbanization
Realist
Post- War
Baroque
(b) Derived Theory and Framework for project Process of Transformation
Contextual elements
Contextual elements
Contextual elements
Contextual elements
Ruins 1. Rediscovery Historical, contextual research
3. Re- shaping New users impose new meaning
s
m n gra ctio Pro nne Co
ACADEMIC PROJECT
Reincarnation of Ruins (Master Thesis)
13
Selected Work
2011-2017
Communal Experience
The communal journey focuses on utilizing the old structures by new additions for communal functions. Users can experience the layers of old and new through daily routines. Skylight opened on the broken roof the former school, and now transformed into a community canteen. The footprint of sunken kitchen takes reference to the original design layout of a courtyard to allow understanding of layers of history/ The Market stalls are primarily divided by the remaining walls of the abandoned
houses. A new roof is added to keep the market rain water proof yet allows sunlight to enter/ An overview to Queen’s Hill landscape from the common space below residential tower.
ACADEMIC PROJECT
Reincarnation of Ruins (Master Thesis)
15
Selected Work
Polished concrete
2011-2017
Steel
Corten Steel
Wood
Glass
ACADEMIC PROJECT
Cascina Pagnana Programme: Guesthouse Site: Cascina Pagnana, Milan, Italy Project year: 2016 Tutor: Anna Anzani Groupmates: Prajay Alva, Song Caiping, Jane Frances Nakabuye, Maciej Pupin
Brick
Brick Brick
Polished concrete
Steel
Corten Steel
Polished concrete Polished concrete
Wood
Steel Steel
Glass
CortenCorten Steel Ste
ACADEMIC PROJECT
Cascina Pagnana
17
Selected Work
2011-2017
Cascina Pagnana
ACADEMIC PROJECT
Project description: The project starts with a detail measurement of an old farmhouse at rural area of Milan. Crack analysis is then performed to understand the structural performance of the existing building. Cascina Pagnana is a rural commune with several families who share similar values of life. In order to invite more people into this land, a guesthouse is needed. The preservation proposal learns from the crack analysis to decide the appropriate locations for new design opportunities that satisfy the modern needs of a guesthouse. Staircase
truss system reference
19
Selected Work
2011-2017
ACADEMIC PROJECT
SYP (Street) Market Programme: Market & Communal Centre Site: Sai Ying Pun Market, Hong Kong Project year: 2015 Tutor: Hendrik Tieben
Project description:
The project aims to activate public spaces in Centre Street by integrating public building and streetscape. Since the district has a very strong character, this project attempts to integrate the unique features of the site by a new building form that accomodates and improves the existing programs.
Sai Ying Pun [Street] Market
ACADEMIC PROJECT
Original Market Program Layout
Design: Shops wraps around the peripheral
Plan: Zig- Zag Path guides people from street into the market store 21
Selected Work
2011-2017
15.0m Roof
11.0m Third Street
Island Crest Open Space
Second Street
Mechanical Service
Market Stalls/ Small Restaurants
Kids Reading/ Playing Corner
Rock-climbing
14.8m
11.0m
Third Street
4.8m 3.8m
4580
4800
4800
Building Form This building form is created by a zig zag slope wrapping around clusters of shops that being covered by a big roof. he new typology is not just to replace the functions of old Sai Ying Pun Market, but also to compliment the hilly context and presence of potential public space, and at the same time provide an architectural solution to a series of complicated social issues in the district. The programs are tailored to address issues such as ageing population, lack of public space, differentiation of local traditional culture and new trend.
4800
4790
4810
0.0m
Second Street
-2.0m
Basement Level
2.6m
Viewing Deck
0.0m
Second Street
-2.0m
Basement Level
ACADEMIC PROJECT
Sai Ying Pun [Street] Market
23
ega d ng o he ac on p an
ad
London
Overivew of Morphology
Hong Kong
Overivew of Morphology
Present Situation ( 2000-2013 ) Network
1 / 264
London
Distribution of Stations
Act v t es n Stat on
7 / 264
2.65%
13 / 264
4.92%
75 / 264
28.4%
151 / 264
57.2%
1.14%
Interchanged Stations
0 / 84
14 / 264
5.30%
0 / 84
0%
0 / 84
0%
0%
Independent Station
37.5%
0 / 84
19 / 84
0%
55 / 84
22.6%
65.5%
Interchanged Stations
62.5%
11.9%
by the underground
23
Waltham Forest
Local Flight
16
Brent
Hillingdon
21
00
10
Barking & Dagen Fiam
Light Rail
04
02
Yuen Long
500,000
Newham
Tower Hamlets
City
Westminster
580,000
Havering
Hackney
Islington
25 09 08
16 14
Ealing
00
Redbridge
09 01
Camden
Tai Po
02
Light Rail
05
Tuen Mun
8 Development
Development
40%
34 Brent
Sea / River
1910-1973
1974-1978
1979 - 1989
Expansion of KCR Department
Establishment of KCR Department
0
1000
2000
09
5000
0
Expansion of MTR in Kowloon and Hong Kong
Economical
Political
The British Government is located in Westminster of London, the capital of the United Kingdom. The Government’s location also define the town center.
1937-1947
1948-1999
Development under Public Control
NATIONALIZED Railways / Change of Control
1990-2002
02
Development of Airport Express
Different City railways have tried to connect their district with the town center. Major developments afterwards are mostly concentrated at the center too.
1937-1947
1948-1999
Development towards New Towns
Merge of KCR and MTR
It gives a relatively unlimited potential for Underground to develop a network system.
Hence, a lot of interchanged stations were need to complete the network during the mergers.
London
Neighbourhood Hong Kong
ology
Investment and Management
green space Profits Management Development Process of Current Morphology is located on 70% trackside
Interchanged Stations 0%
2013 )
1 / 264
( respond to market share )
7 / 264
13 / 264
4.92%
75 / 264
28.4%
151 / 264
57.2%
Birds
5.30%
R N O S
0 / 84
0%
19 / 84
0%
55 / 84
22.6%
11.9%
34
00
16
Brent
Hillingdon
Southgate Station
Commercial Center
Main interchange
Residential
8
Royal Park
Commercial center
Scenic Uplands, Mountains, Forests, Marshes, Coastline
Since 2005, The London plays problem station to reduce the crime rate
Residential
Moor Park Station
Southgate Station Residential
1974-1978
Commercial
Political
1979 - 1989
Expansion of KCR Department
0
Expansion of MTR in Kowloon and Hong Kong
1948-1999 Merge of KCR and MTR
Focus Developemt
Rural
Underground Manange
Station
Social
Kowloon Bay Station
Airport
Residential
Residential
Tung Chung Station
Political
Other
Economical
Social
Hong Kong is identified by its 0 1000 2000 materialistic culture and high levels of consumerism. Hong Kong culture:This
During the merger, the overlapped developments were limited, hence,
05
Hence, a lot of interchanged stations were need to complete the network during the mergers.
has it clear blueprint on the new town development which railways followed.
03
5016171
Since development is restricted in Green, it gives limitation on MTR development.
railways with Hong Kong economical and bussiness center.
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
London
Activities in Station Hong Kong
ment
39 / 84
Hong Kong
s of Current Morphology Tickets
to market share )
*
Activities Hong Kong Legend
Station - Exterior, Interior, Facilities journeys a day
“Art tube”
A
R N O S
Passengers
within 402km track
G R O V E
09
Political 00 00 00 & Economical Barking & Dagen Fiam
Bexley
16
Hammersmith & Fulham
40 inch
14
Kensington & Chelsea
14
12
Barnet
Haringey
09
08
08
05
Croydon
1908:
Enfield
04 02
00
Hillingdon
Havering
01
1905:
19 / 84
0%
22.6%
55 / 84
11.9%
22.6%
77.4%
60m
Passenger
Since 2005, The London
Free newspaper
station to reduce the crime rate
In April 2001, there was an attempt of perfuming the station to make it more pleasant.
Function of Posters
New Town
60 inch
Tung Chung Station
To establish an unique corporate image
Suburb
Green space
Other
MTR invested
Economical
Hong Kong is identified by its 0 1000 2000 materialistic culture and high levels of consumerism. Hong Kong culture:This
5000
culture allows various shops to Optimization of efficiency Geographical stand their business even in the
New territory has With the world’s underground. the presence greatest green coverage. It is of convenience stores and attributed by the the fact that become more boutiques, stations than 40& of the Hong Kong land a more pleasant space for mass is protected for conservation people to gather and linger. This and recreation. They are accounts to forbe the largerparks. size of designated country MTR stations. Urban areas made up less than 25% of the total Land.
Hong Kong Railway System was mainly from is two big Also,developed Hong Kong strong in its companies, which is the MTRC and tourism that investment in hotel KCRC. They both had relatively linear help bring development. forth huge profit. morphological During the merger, the overlapped developments were limited, hence, and the interchanged stations could
the london paper
V
1999 Inside Tube
2006-09 Outside Tube
To display
army Cultural recruiting
Station
Social
Since land price is high in HK, developing office, residential could ensure a long-term and
stable financial sources. Economical
Morning News 1999 Outside Tube
To experiment To promote To boost the To stem the various new the London morale decline in graphpic style Transport as during WWII passenger new authority only 50% of the number In London,
poster in WWI Art culture is strongly promoted in London. LU has implemented different schemes to accomodate local artists, busking performances and also filming activities.
Political & Economical
1914 - 1918:
Some abandoned First World War
platforms are fully used for art venues.
Economical
journeys are by public transportation, free newspaper cannot successfully attract enough potential customers for 1908: their advertising products.
Social
can be survived under the
1920s situation.- 1930s:
1939 - 1945:
Modernisation and new developments of the London Underground was accompanied by problems such as financial difficulties and staff shortage
The London Passenger Transport Board was created to run all bus, tram and underground railway service. The new authority London Transport took over the Underground Group of companies Second World War
The underground system was under rapid growth including major extensions
Hong Kong
5.1M
Activities Legend
AM 730
2002 50mm Inside MTR
2005 Inside MTR
1
Free magazines
Recruit 1992 Inside MTR
2005 Inside MTR
Ride smart! Stop when JobMarket Metropop you hear 2006 the door 2013 Inside MTR Inside MTR chimes
THE STANDARD
SKY POST
SHARP POST
2007 Inside MTR
2011 Outside MTR
2011-13 Outside MTR
(only airport line)
Social
To promote safety Cultural
5 + 3
(Digital infopanels, floor stickers,
Singtao newspapers bunting, wall-wrap magazines are distributed around MTRadvertisement, stations etc)
Local media companies
HK Economics Times
Next Media
EconomicalTo promote commercial Social products
within the station Art culture is not strongly developed in Hong Kong.
MTR stations attract many small businesses due to the vast amount of potential customers. This accounts for the presence Although MTR promotes art by of the big upper platform of Due to potential reliability different means, the scale is MTR. Since of transportaion Hong Kong95% is known as one of problem to the train operation 1905: much smaller than that in in HK is by place publicintransport, MTR the safest the world. and economic Electrification ofreasons, new trains was London. Posters in Hong Kong mainly stations become effective Due to increasing number of platform edge not introduced the doors Districtare Railway used for commercial advertiseplaces for occur promotion ofstations accidents in the installed and tragedies cannot ments. The high utilization rate by free newspaper ,products campaigns on safety be avoided totally. of public transport in Hong distribution.are seriously taken promotion 1911: Kong successfully attract vast place throughout the station. Escalators was introduced in amount of business companies One of the major action is to Earl’s Court station and known Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kinto Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171 advertise their product in put on safety posters within as ‘moving staircases’ MTR. the station. commit suicide in London Underground anually.
Political & Economical
Social
Technological
the world's first railway to undertake the retrofitting of PSDs on existing system.
06
London
Means of Payment Tariff structure Zonal fare system
Sutton
Hong Kong
Means of Payment
Tickets Tickets
journeys a day
Zone 1 fare:
To promote 00 +safety 04 04 within theIslands station Kwai Tsing
Shopping in station
Smartphone users
Normal Passengers
!
!
AM 730 2005 Inside MTR
Eating
Fouling
SHARP POST
2007 Inside MTR
2011 Outside MTR
2011-13 Outside MTR
newspapers magazines are distributed around MTR stations
rca
ste
Gray goods traders (水貨客)
SKY POST
(only airport line)
MTR stations attract many small businesses due to the vast amount of potential customers. This accounts for the presence of the big upper platform of MTR. Since 95% of transportaion in HK is by public transport, MTR stations become effective places for promotion of products by free newspaper distribution.
04
04
Wong Tai Sin
Tuen Mun
Central & Western
Tai Po
To ensure the safeness of passengers and to avoid
people commiting suicide, Social platform screen doors are
, campaigns on safety Unlike London, Hong Kong has promotion seriously developed its are railway system taken mainly inplace the district with high the economical throughout station. activities, as shopping and One of such the major action is to tourism, since Hong Kong is famous
Sha Tin, Yuen Long of and Tuen installed in most the Mun District has been the most platforms. That makes MTR populated new town in Hong the world's first railway to Kong. Therefore, Sha Tin is well undertake the retrofitting of supported by the Railways PSDs on existing systems with it own system. intra-network.
Cut
Tube-Gauge Steam Locomotive
Hong Kong Single trip ticket: $8.0 Octopus Single trip: Metro-Cammell Train $7.4
Kip Mei (7 Stations) 1982
1910
(Tra
50%
urn
Construction Method
Tunnel Boring
2009oyster TubeZonal Stock 8 4
80%
Economical Compared to Hong Kong, London is more aggressive on encouraging people to use the Oyster card, great discount (53%)onUnderground’s trips paid by oyster London stock cardaislong implimented. Oyster had life span up to 42card is promoted much less years due to since constant ticket offices needed, so renovation asare a way to employees can be allocated to reduce replacement cost. other departments. Cost-saving fixtures such as removable seat cover were equipped for new trains to reduce maintenance cost.
Regulations were put into force. Stocks of London Underground started to include facilities such as wheelchair space, offset center door poles, multi-purpose areas for the disabled.
w
10
2 Years
Cut and Cover Point- to point
tie-up seats
95%
of local owns octopus card
Tunnel Boring
Normal seats
04
Wong Tai Sin
04
03
Yuen Long
Central & Western
02
Tuen Mun
02 Tai Po
01
Kowloon City
Resential Use for all Districts
00
04
Sha Tin, Yuen Long and Tuen Mun District has been the most populated new town in Hong Kong. Therefore, Sha Tin is well supported by the Railways systems with it own intra-network.
Unlike London, Hong Kong has developed its railway system mainly in the district with high economical activities, such as shopping and tourism, since Hong Kong is famous for its economical development.
However, it still defined the city center since the colonial government before 1997 has mainly urbanized and developed the areas near the Victory Harbour, which are in Hong Kong Island and Kowloon.
Most of the stations were then extended and added in the residential boroughs, which surrounds the city center, in order to provide adequate transportation for people who need to transit during work.
Social
Economical
Although Yau Tsim Mong and Eastern District do not have the maximum numbers of station, they have the first and second most station in density.
* Before 1997, UK owed the possession of Hong Kong Island, while the New Territories is borrowed in principle.
The later two seems not to be well-connected, yet, MTR has developed their own intra-network in light rail instead.
Construction and Train
London 2009 Sub-surface Stock
Hong Kong
Sub-surface Level Train Type
Depth from ground
1899
Tube-Gauge Steam Locomotive
1910 - 2014
1910
1982
Metro-Cammell Train
Deep Level Train Type 1-18m
72
1979 Metro-Cammell Train
Cover
East railway, West Railway, Ma On Shan Railway
24m
1997 Metro-Cammell EMU
1982 - 2014
78
10
wheelchair space + + Train Information System + Digital Voice Announcer system
Deep level
Total seats
1890s-2014
Total Seats
12-37m
Deep level
24m
14.5m
1967 Tube Stock
Average24.4m
2002 Rotem K-Stock
152
+ Light diffusers + Modular grab poles + Removable seat cover
135
3
Total seats
wheelchair space + + Noise-proof door + LED light system
First MTR underground line : Tsuen Wan Line (Central station at 25m)
Total Seats
Construction Method
16m
2009 Tube Stock
Political In 2000, HKMA removed previous restrictions that prohibited Octopus from generating more than 15% of its turnover from non-transit Since number of population related functions,more the limit kept increasing, seatsis then raised to 50%.for more were demolished
Technology
Regular ticket (Magnetic-strip) 2011 C-Stock Point- to point
7
5%
wheelchair space + + Split standing handrail design
7
wheelchair space + + Split standing handrail design
Economical
In 2010, Rail Vehicle Accessibility Regulations were put into force. Stocks of London Underground started to include facilities such as wheelchair space, offset center door poles, multi-purpose areas for the disabled.
Cost-saving fixtures such as removable seat cover were equipped for new trains to reduce maintenance cost.
Technology
London Underground’s stock had a long life span up to 42 years due to constant renovation as a way to reduce replacement cost.
Normal Seats
24m
16.5m
Furniture and fixtures such as Dot-matrix display were kept added into the train for user-friendy purpose.
Priority Seats
12 Televsion + 7 Quiet Compartment 4 Multi-purpose Areas
+ +
Tunnel Boring
Tunneling
Social & Political
12 129
2011 C-Stock EMU
Cut and Cover
tie-up seats
Normal seats
Before 1900s, steam locomotives were used as the transporting stock which would emit harmful smoke. Therefore, tube lines could not be too far away from ground level for air ventilation. After 1900s, electric units were invented to address the need of deeper foundation of skycrappers.
Social
Economical
To take care the need of the disabled, the elderly and pregnants, fixtures such as priority seat and wheelchair space were added.
To save cost, MTR Corportation preferred repairing and renovating existing stocks for longer life span instead of changing the whole model instead.
Hong Kong adopted electric units at the beginning of its underground railway service. Hong Kong culture: The depth was deep to address Optimization of efficiency the need of deep foundation of skycrappers.
During its renovation, changing fixtures such as using LED lighting system is a way to reduce operation cost.
Inside the stock, more advanced information systems were adopted to provide real-time train service to customers.
Since number of population kept increasing, more seats were demolished for more standing space.
07
Technology
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
London
Branding Brand-New Typeface for Simplicity: Johnston 1. Simplicity:based on Square and Circle equal stroke width in main strokes
Hong Kong
Branding Typeface Developed from Traditional Song(宋體): MTRSong
2. Legibility: differentiating similar letters
3. Clarity: differentiating ‘dot’
The modification of the Song font type is based on the traditional stroke weight and stroke sequennce from the Kangxi Dictionary(康熙字典)
+
+ after 2007
+ before 2007
after 2007
before 2007
after 2007
mm
Remarks: The KCRC used exsisting typeface such as DFHeiMedium-B5(華康中黑體)
Company Logo Design
Company Logo Design
162
1908 - 1913
The London Underground at the first time agreed upon a unified branding
1913 - 1919
The original 'roundel' design had a solid red disc adopted from the Winged wheel logo
1936 - 1949
The words 'London Transport' were added onto the roundel in 1936.
1951 - 1958
‘London Transport’ was removed. ‘Underground’ was replaced by ‘Railways’.
1910 - 1941
1942 - 1949
1949 - 1975
1958 - 1970
1979 - 1996
after 1996
after 1997
Logo of KCR Department
Logo of KCR Department
1975 - 1982
Logo of KCR Department
Logo of KCR Department
$13M
of non- transport transactions Total Seats each day
24m
10%
private transport EMU
90%
12 129
public transport
Priority Seats
12 Televsion + 7 Quiet Compartment 4 Multi-purpose Areas
+ +
Economical
1905:
Winged Wheel Logo of the London General Omnibus Company
1913:
The winged wheel logo was an early precursor of the Underground logo
Normal Seats
Social 24m
The convenience of Octopus cards successfully attract more non- transport related businesses to accept Octopus cards order toCorportation attract more To savein cost, MTR customers. Octopus preferred repairing andonly imposes very littlestocks discount renovating existing for longer life span instead of there compare to tickets since changing the need wholeto model is not much further instead. attract local citizens to use it.
Hong Kong culture promotes efficiency and 90% of citizens use public transport, thus fast payment system in public transport is essential to Hong Kong adopted electric impliment the smart of card units at the beginning its system. Hongrailway Kong service. adopted underground Hong Kong culture: the sytem soon after The depth was deep toSeoul’s address Optimization efficiency first smart cardofwas
During its renovation, changing fixtures such as using LED
Inside the stock, more advanced information systems were adopted to provide real-time train service to customers.
Economical
Social
standing space.
09
24m
(Choose either one, depend different extension needs )
20 252
8 4
multi-purpose areas + wheelchair space + + Dot-matrix display + Offset centre door poles for wheelchair access
135
3
wheelchair space + + Noise-proof door + LED light system
To take care the need of the disabled, the elderly and pregnants, fixtures such as
seat and invented address the need Chan Ming Tatto1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin priority Kwan 1155002247 | Ngwheelchair Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171lighting system is a way to space were added.
reduce operation cost.
07
Mo n ng New London
Branding 1. Simplicity:based on Square and Circle equal stroke width in main strokes
Technology
the need of deep foundation of established. skycrappers.
e o do pape
after 1986
the letters size of 'U' and 'D' were reduced. All the letters are in the same height
Logo of MTR Corporation
The word ‘Underground’ came back with the letter size of ‘U’ and ‘D’ larger than the others
Logo of MTR Corporation
METRO
Political
Social
The Undergroud group bought the London General Omnibus Company
Frank Pick became the publicity officer of the London Underground and developed the corporate identity.
1912: 1936:
The London Underground were under common public control of LPTB
1948:
Britain's railways were nationalised
1908: 1916:
The Johnston typeface was designed by Edward Johnston
1928:
Gill Sans was designed by Eric Gill. Eric acknownleged that the font is a close variant on the Johnston typeface
Political
Technological
1910:
1950 - 1970s:
The Kowloon-Canton Railway (KCR) first came into service
This period is known as the transitional period. The photographic technology used for printing were under development.
1982 - 1997
Logo of KCR Corporation
Logo of KCR Corporation
1941:
Battle of Hong Kong started on 8th December and ended on 25th of December
1970s - 1980s:
The technology became mature and all the major typefaces were in use
1949:
1980s - 1990s:
The digital type became the dominant form of type
10
The through-train services were halted due to the People's Liberation Army's capture of Canton
Social
Technological
A 10-year investment programme was started to provide for the complete double-tracking and electrification of railway from Hung Hom to Lo Wu.
DynaLab(華康科技) was founded which developed various digital Chinese typefaces including the MingLiU(細明體) and KaiU(標楷體)
1974: 1979:
The Mass Transit Railway Corporation was created
1982:
The Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation was created
1987:
1979~:
The Mass Transit Railway Corporation developed its own Chinese typeface MTRSong. The MTRSong was modified from the traditional Song Font.
m
m
DMG Med a
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
3. Clarity: differentiating ‘dot’
1
Hong Kong
Branding
Typeface Developed from Traditional Song(宋體): MTRSong
2. Legibility: differentiating similar letters
The modification of the Song font type is based on the traditional stroke weight and stroke sequennce from the Kangxi Dictionary(康熙字典)
+
V.S.
% 2Dis1counlcat rd) ve
(Tra
urn
trip
+
Ou de ube
after 2007
n de ube
+
w
Ou de ube
before 2007
after 2007
before 2007
after 2007
Company Logo Design
% 7Dis.5counput s) cto
ed
(O
um
is ass
Local media companies
Singtao
HK Economics Times
Mode of transport
50%
private transport
50%
public transport
Regular ticket
(Paper ticket)
Point- to point
Zonal
Usage of smart card
1979
1997
15%
Regular ticket
Travelcard
(Paper ticket)
UPass Seoul
(first contactless)
2003
(Magnetic-strip)
oyster
(Contactless)
Zonal
80%
2 Years
8 Years
of Transit transaction
octopus
1908 - 1913
The London Underground at the first time agreed upon a unified branding
2000
50%
of Octopus transactions are allowed to be non-transport
Point- to point
1913 - 1919
The original 'roundel' design had a solid red disc adopted from the Winged wheel logo
1936 - 1949
The words 'London Transport' were added onto the roundel in 1936.
$13M
of non- transport transactions each day
1997 Travelcard (Paper ticket) Zonal
20%
Next Media
1995
1983
1863
Mode of transport (Contactless)
Point- to point
95%
of local owns octopus card
Regular ticket (Magnetic-strip) Point- to point
Social
Due to high utilization rate and the influx of mainland Chinese, MTR station platforms are always overcrowded, which brings conflicts between local and mainland Chinese. Since telecommunication is available and most locals like to use smartphones during transit, some accidents happen occasionally and flow control is thus needed.
Political
Economical
Social
5%
In 1981, a legal debate on
Compared to Hong Kong, London is more aggressive on encouraging people to use the Oyster card, great discount (53%)on trips paid by oyster card is implimented. Oyster card is promoted since much less ticket offices are needed, so employees can be allocated to other departments.
Compared to Hong Kong, the urge of need of fast- payment system was weaker in London since only 50% of transportation mode is public transport. Thus the Oyster card was implimented long after this technology was established.
train fair system “Fares Fair” advocated by the Labour Party administration of the Greater London Council was put on the court. In 1983, a zonal fare system and travelcard was implimented to satisfy the aims of the “Fares
Political
Economical
10%
private transport
90%
public transport
1905:
Winged Wheel Logo of the London General Omnibus Company
In 2000, HKMA removed previous restrictions that prohibited Octopus from generating more than 15% of its turnover from non-transit related functions, the limit is then raised to 50%.
The convenience of Octopus cards successfully attract more non- transport related businesses to accept Octopus cards in order to attract more customers. Octopus only imposes very little discount compare to tickets since there is not much need to further attract local citizens to use it.
Social
Hong Kong culture promotes efficiency and 90% of citizens use public transport, thus fast payment system in public transport is essential to impliment the smart card system. Hong Kong adopted the sytem soon after Seoul’s first smart card was established.
09
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
1913:
The winged wheel logo was an early precursor of the Underground logo
after 1986
the letters size of 'U' and 'D' were reduced. All the letters are in the same height
Political
Social
The Undergroud group bought the London General Omnibus Company
Frank Pick became the publicity officer of the London Underground and developed the corporate identity.
1912: 1936:
The London Underground were under common public control of LPTB
1948:
Britain's railways were nationalised
1908: 1916:
1951 - 1958
‘London Transport’ was removed. ‘Underground’ was replaced by ‘Railways’.
1942 - 1949
Logo of KCR Department
Logo of KCR Department
1949 - 1975
1975 - 1982
Logo of KCR Department
Logo of KCR Department
A c e o g p omo ed V o do U ha mp emen ed d e en cheme o accomo da e oca a b ng pe o mance and a o m ng 10 ac e 1958 - 1970
The word ‘Underground’ came back with the letter size of ‘U’ and ‘D’ larger than the others
Technological 1950 - 1970s:
This period is known as the transitional period. The photographic technology used for printing were under development.
The Johnston typeface was designed by Edward Johnston
1970s - 1980s:
Gill Sans was designed by Eric Gill. Eric acknownleged that the font is a close variant on the Johnston typeface
1980s - 1990s:
1928:
1910 - 1941
Cu u a
The technology became mature and all the major typefaces were in use The digital type became the dominant form of type
1979 - 1996
Logo of MTR Corporation
after 1996
Logo of MTR Corporation
Political
1910:
after 1997
1941:
Battle of Hong Kong started on 8th December and ended on 25th of December
A 10-year investment programme was started to provide for the complete double-tracking and electrification of railway from Hung Hom to Lo Wu.
DynaLab(華康科技) was founded which developed various digital Chinese typefaces including the MingLiU(細明體) and KaiU(標楷體)
1979:
The Mass Transit Railway Corporation was created
1949:
1982:
The through-train services were halted due to the People's Liberation Army's capture of Canton
Logo of KCR Corporation
Technological
1974:
The Kowloon-Canton Railway (KCR) first came into service
1982 - 1997
Logo of KCR Corporation
Social
The Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation was created
1987:
1979~:
The Mass Transit Railway Corporation developed its own Chinese typeface MTRSong. The MTRSong was modified from the traditional Song Font.
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
M
ome abandoned p a o m ae ed o a en e
Econom ca
n ondon on %o e o e aeb p b c a po a o ee new pape canno cce a ac eno gh po en a c ome o he ad e ng p od c h no m ch ee new pape can be ed nde he a on
Soc a
epo ed ha peop e comm c de n ondon Unde g o nd an a D e o po en a e ab p ob em o he a n ope a on and econom c ea on p a o m edge doo a e no n a ed and aged e canno be a o ded o a
M
M
%
162
Ret
Usage of smart card Mainly on transportation
5016171
%
162
Total Seats
Total seats
16.5m
+ Internal lamp lighting system + Flexible grab handles
Remarks: The Underground Group bought the London General Omnibus Company in 1912
Social
of deeper foundation of skycrappers.
04
Wan Chai
North
Mode of transport
octopus (Contactless)
Compared to Hong Kong, the urge of need of fast- payment system was weaker in London since only 50% of transportation mode1900s, is public transport. Thus Before steam locomothe Oyster card tives were used aswas the implimented long after thiswhich technology transporting stock would emit smoke. Therefore, was harmful established.
After 1900s, electric units were
04
Total Seats
50%
24m
2002 Rotem K-Stock
of Octopus transactions are allowed to be non-transport
1997
(Choose either one, depend different extension needs )
tube lines could not be too far away from ground level for air ventilation.
Kwai Tsing
Southern
162
2000
1997
15%
Regular ticket
(Magnetic-strip)
Point- to point
Construction Method
16.5m
Economical
Islands
cto
wheelchair space + + Train Information System + Digital Voice Announcer system
Usage of smart card
1979
First MTR underground line : Tsuen Wan Line (Central station at 25m)
20 252
multi-purpose areas + wheelchair space + + Dot-matrix display of Transit transaction + Offset centre door poles for wheelchair access
20%
Tunneling lanscape Political
Social & Political
12-37m
(first contactless)
8 Years
(Contactless)
00 + 04 04
Tourism
Suburban
The underground railways is initiated from the admistrative center which has not been the main development afterwards.
before 2007
1997 Metro-Cammell EMU
1982 - 2014 Deep level
Total seats
Institutional
(O
UPass Seoul
16m
Travelcard (Paper ticket) Zonal
In 1981, a legal debate on train fair system “Fares Fair” advocated by the Labour Party administration of the Furniture fixtures such aswas Greaterand London Council Dot-matrix kepta put on thedisplay court.were In 1983, added into the train for zonal fare system and user-friendy purpose. travelcard was implimented to of the “Fares Insatisfy 2010, the Rail aims Vehicle Accessibility
um
is ass
1995
2003
Other lines except Circle line, District line and Metropolitan line (deepest at Hampstead station private transport public transport of 58.5m)
trip
78
152
Tsuen Wan
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
1906 Gate Stock
Cut
g nd
05
Sai Kung
% 7Dis.5counput s)
24m
Total seats
Travelcard
14.5m
Industry
Cultural Center
V.S.
1979 Metro-Cammell Train
Total Seats
(Paper ticket)
+ Modular grab poles + Removable seat cover
Food Center
Publication
Political
Circle line, District line, Metropolitan line (average 7.3m)
Original lanscape
05 + 00
05
Kwun Tong
Surface rail Level
Deep Level Train Type
East railway, West Railway, Ma On Shan Railway ed
F ee pub ca ons
Regular ticket
(Paper ticket)
Tube Stock Point- to point 1967 + Light diffusers Zonal
Tube-Gauge Steam Locomotive
06
Sham Shui Po
Sutton
Deep Level Train Type
Surface rail Level
1983
1863
Mode of transport
50%
Hong Kong
Tickets Tickets
Sub-surface Level Train Type Kwun Tong to Shek
1910 - 2014
Ret
+ Internal lamp lighting system + Flexible grab handles
Cover
Average24.4m
Shopping Center
00
After the City railways has developed the underground access towards the city center, an influx of residential developments has been held around the city center.
Sub-surface Level Train Type
1860s-2014
The later two seems not to be well-connected, yet, MTR has developed their own intra-network in light rail instead.
have the first and second most station in density.
1-18m
ve
ste
1923 Stardard Stock Original lanscape
Usage of smart card 1890s-2014
Mainly on transportation Deep level
Greenwich
00
Merton
Social
Construction and Train
Original lanscape
Kowloon City
Technological
Southern
Hong Kong is known as one of the safest place in the world. Due to increasing number of
accidents occur in the stations Economical
* Before 1997, UK owed the possession of Hong Kong Island, while the New Territories is borrowed in principle.
72
rca
01
Hackney
00
Lewisham
Comparing to Hong Kong, stations are not essentially concentrated at the economically developed boroughs. More, most of the industrial boroughs, which are at the perpherial of London borders are not connected to the city center.
Construction Method
Total seats
% 2Dis1counlcat rd)
%unt 5Dis316.5m rd) co
01
Richmond Upon Thames
00
Kingston Upon Thames
Resential Use for all Districts
Social00
Deep Level Train Type
1906 Gate Stock
04 02
Waltham Forest
00
Hillingdon
Tunnel Boring
Tsuen Wan
02 01 To 03 promote02 commercial products
04
Yuen Long
Tariff structure
Circle line, District line, Metropolitan line (average 7.3m)
05
Southwark
00
Havering
Other lines except Circle line, District line and Metropolitan line (deepest at Hampstead station of 58.5m)
(Digital infopanels, floor stickers, bunting, wall-wrap
Sai Kung
Means of Payment
Oystercard Single trip: £2.20 Travelcards(day pass): £8.40
Remarks: The Underground Group bought the London General Omnibus Company in 1912
Economical
10 Stations 07 Sqkm stationsinprovide platform screen doors 0.42 Stops / 1 Sqkm
05 + advertisement, 00 05 etc)
05
Kwun Tong
Point- to- pointand system Construction Train
Single trip: Sub-surface Cash Stock Zone2009 1 fare: £4.70
Construction Method
08
Tower Hamlets
Eastern
!!!
!
THE STANDARD
5 + 3
arket
13 e MTR
% 5Dis3count rd) (oy
Flow control
Please hold the hand rail, do not hold your mobile phone.
06
Sham Shui Po
Wan Chai
North
Political & Economical
Depth from ground
1899
Enfield
08 Stations in 19 Sqkm
06
Sub-surface Level Train Type Tube-Gauge Steam Locomotive
00
08
Remarks: The KCRC used exsisting typeface such as DFHeiMedium-B5(華康中黑體)
! Scene of accidents due to use of smartphones:
04
Posters in Hong Kong mainly
04
Company Logo Design
!
Eastern
ments. The high utilization rate
London
Brand-New Typeface for Simplicity: Johnston
Kwun Tong to Shek Single trip ticket: $8.0 Kip Mei Octopus Single trip: (7 Stations) $7.4
Cash Single trip: £4.70 Oystercard Single trip: £2.20 Travelcards(day pass): £8.40
!
!
08
used for commercial advertisePolitical
before 2007
Newspaper Delievery
Yau Tsim Mong
The underground railways is initiated of public transport in Hong from the admistrative center which has not beensuccessfully the main development Kong attract vast afterwards. amount of business companies
transportation for people who need to transit during work.
Sub-surface Level
08
Lambeth
Yau Tsim Mong
Business Center Airport
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
Tariff structure Point- to- point system
Tickets
74%
1.4 Stops / 1 Sqkm
Sai Kung
Eastern
Southern
to advertise their product in However, it still defined the city center put on safety posters within for its economical development. since MTR.the colonial government before the station. 1997 has mainly urbanized and Although Yau Tsim Mong and developed the areas near the Victory Eastern District do not have the Harbour, which are in Hong Kong Island boroughs, which surrounds the city center, order to provide Chan Mingin Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yiadequate Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin and KwanKowloon. 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171maximum numbers of station, they
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
Passengers
Tourism
Suburban
London
Original
Due to high utilization rate and the influx of mainland Chinese, MTR station platforms are always overcrowded, which brings conflicts between local and mainland Chinese. Since To ensure the safeness of telecommunication is available passengers and to avoid and most locals likesuicide, to use people commiting smartphones during transit, platform screen doors are some accidents occasionally installed in happen most of the and flow control is thus MTR needed. platforms. That makes
Industry
Institutional
1911:
Tickets
1984-2014~
To provide corporate To promote fine art sponsorship the newly as publicity strategy developed Victoria Line It is reported that 50 people
within 218km track
“Art tube”
stations provide platform screen doors
Mobile Phone network is installed in the stations and tunnels
08
1960s - 1970s:
Since development is restricted in Green, it gives limitation on MTR development.
016171
Function of PostersHEADLINE METRO DAILY
Technological
Frank Pick became the publicity officer of the London Underground and Thus, not the much free identity newspaper developed corporate
1933:
‘qǐng xiǎo xīn yuè tái kòngxì‘ ‘please mind the gap‘
(international company)
newspaper is distributed around Tube
1908-1914: 1914-1918: 1918-1933: 1933 -1939: 1939-1945: 1945-1963: 1963-1984:
Tsing Yi Station
Suburb
DMG 40 inch Media
Fouling
74%
‘請小心月台空隙‘
‘qǐng xiǎo xīn yuè tái kòngxì‘
Kwun Tong
and tunnels
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
Tariff structure
00
10
Sha Tin
Administration
Business Center Airport
Electrification of new trains was introduced the District Railway
Most of the stations were then
Means of Payment Zonal fare system Construction and Train
Eating
Gray goods traders (水貨客)
20102014~
‘請小心月台空隙‘ Free publications ‘please mind the gap‘
‘請小心月台空隙‘ ‘please mind the gap‘ Free newspaper
Local media company
METRO
25 inch
Residential
2004
station Platform !!!
!
!
20042010
before
Eating
maximum depth
Cultural Center
extended and added in the residential
Cut and Cover
Flow control
Please hold the hand rail, do not hold your mobile phone.
!
lifts
55m
Mobile phone signal can hardly be received inside the station
Ride smart! Stop when you hear the door chimes10 13 Sha Tin
After the City railways has developed the underground access towards the Escalators introduced city center, anwas influx of residential in developments been and held around Earl’s Courthas station known the center.staircases’ ascity ‘moving
(oy
Scene of accidents due to use of smartphones:
Tung Chung Station
164
Around 50 people commit suicide in Underground each year.
‘please mind the gap’
!
!
maximum length
Southgate Station
Commercial center
Normal Passengers
!
!
Newspaper distribution
Underground plays Free publications classical music in problem
Olympic Station
!
escalators
invested of regarding projects in Hong Kong
Kowloon Station
Shopping in station
Smartphone users
Busking
426
Independent Station
ort
Newspaper Delievery
!
10 / 84
65.5%
70 mm
0 / 84
0%
60 inch
0 / 84
Wong Tai Sin
Mobile Phone network is stations
Central & Western installed in the Wan Chai
‘qǐng xiǎo xīn yuè tái kòngxì‘ ‘please mind the gap‘
84 stops
Social
1960s - 1970s:
Modernisation and new developments of
Comparing to Hong Kong, the London Underground wasstations are not essentially concentrated accompanied by problems such as financial difficulties and staff shortage at the economically developed boroughs. More, most of the industrial boroughs, which are at the perpherial of London borders are not connected to the city center.
09
Islington
Croydon
13
Newham
50mm
Total Station
01
Merton
Lewisham
The City of London Borough act The underground system was under rapid also as a economical center which growth including major extensions define the center of the railway morphology.
1939 - 1945:
station Platform
630,000
Sha Tin
Kowloon City
Yau Tsim Mong
04
Function of Posters
1984-2014~ Residential Administration
00 00 00 Technological
00
Kingston Upon Thames
Frank Pick became the publicity officer of the London Underground and developed the corporate identity
Economical 1920s - 1930s:
First World War
Second War has its own Since 33World Boroughs government for policy making and developments, the intension of each borough to connect the city center form the current railway morphology.
Haringey
7.15 million
Newham
Publication
Legend of Land Use
10 10
Wandsworth
84 stops
Total Population
Legend of Land Use
10 10
Wandsworth
12
Barnet
1923 Stardard Stock
Sham Shui Po
‘請小心月台空隙‘
‘please mind the gap‘ ‘qǐng xiǎo xīn yuè tái Islands kòngxì‘
25%
No. of Districts
264 Stops
V
13
Houndslow
13
0.42 Stops / 1 Sqkm
08 Stations in 19 Sqkm
Total Station
Construction Method
Tsuen Wan
20042010
‘請小心月台空隙‘ ‘please mind the gap‘
Urbanized Area
Total Station
Bromley
Croydon
Camden
00 00 00 Social
Bromley
1914 - 1918:
Political 1933:
Similarly, cityPassenger center ofTransport LondonBoard is The London defined by the location its and was created to run all bus,of tram underground railway service. The new administrative and economical center. authority Transport took over the They are London well-connected to the Underground Group companies most stations other boroughs, withofthe in terms of density.
Average7.3m
Filming
building
changed Stations
mmercial
00
00
16
Ealing
journeys a day
esidential project
l
09
1860s-2014
“Art platform” & Poem on train
21
14
Houndslow
Cut and Cover
18
8.3 million
To provide corporate To display To experiment To promote To boost the To stem the To promote fine art sponsorship army various new the London morale decline in the newly as publicity strategy recruiting graphpic style Transport as during WWII passenger developed Shopping Center Food Center City Harrow Islington Southwark Richmond Hackney Waltham Lambeth Tower Greenwich poster in WWI new authority number Upon Thames Victoria Line Forest Hamlets
Depth from ground
within 218km track
4.2M
Stations
was with properties investment
Hong Kong
Activities in Station
5.1M
Activities London Legend
Station - Exterior, Interior, Facilities
5000
New territory has With the world’s underground. the presence greatest green coverage. It is of convenience stores and attributed by the the fact that become more boutiques, stations than 40& of the Hong Kong land a more pleasant space for mass is protected for conservation people to gather and linger. This and recreation. They are accounts to forbe the largerparks. size of designated country MTR stations. Urban areas made up less than 25% of the total Land.
Hong Kong Railway System was mainly from is two big Also,developed Hong Kong strong in its companies, which is the MTRC and tourism that investment in hotel KCRC. They both had relatively linear help bring development. forth huge profit. morphological
and the interchanged stations could It gives a relatively unlimited market. It started to connect the be less while the circuit is still completed. bussiness and admistrative centers. potential for Underground to develop a1155002780 network system. Hong|Kong government Chan Ming Tat | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam KinAfterwards, Kwan 1155002247 Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171Later the MTR mainly developed their
23
Redbridge
Historical City Tourism for all boroughs
culture allows various shops to Optimization of efficiency Geographical stand their business even in the
stable financial sources. Economical
funding from government.
While MTR invested in the railway
Station
MTR invested
Since land price is high in HK, developing office, residential could ensure a long-term and
Hong Kong Government favoured the “Laissez-faire” policy that even it owned a
the company should be run as Before 1997, the British Government a private enterprise and Kong. owned the possession of Hong The first Railways (KCR deparment) continue its future developColonial was developed the property ment with itsby own Government in order to connect investment, instead of receving Guangzhou and Hong Kong.
London a fullymost urbanized stations.isSince stations and are developed city. Most of the not covered by telecommunicagreen spaces people are presented tion network, regard as them a stop-and-go part of as the urban parksplace and instead of a space to linger. public gardens.
To establish an unique corporate image
Suburb
Green space
25
Westminster
14
Kensington & Chelsea
The City of London Borough act also as a economical center which define the center of the railway morphology.
0.14 Stops / 1 Sqkm 10 Stations in 69.4 Sqkm
Tai Po
13 04 06 04 201001 05 05 2014~ 10 03 04 ‘請小心月台空隙‘ 08
Total Area
1104 Sqkm
Total Population
1908-1914: 1914-1918: 1918-1933: 1933 -1939: 1939-1945: 1945-1963: 1963-1984:
Tsing Yi Station
Suburb
Commercial
large part of HKMTR’s share, Political
platform. This accounts for the Geographical minimal size of the standalone
is well secured even without Compared to Hong Kong, much properties investment. London’s Railways System was developed from numerious individual companies and City railways. They all tried to connect their district with the city center without any compromises.
Brent
Total Area
1572 Sqkm maximum depth Urbanized Area ~100%
16
Hammersmith & Fulham
Economical
Average7.3m
05
Kwai Tsing
lifts before Background Numbers 2004
Bexley
33
Sutton
34
50m
London Underground stations are built solely for connection between the ground and the
London Underground was nationalised in 1948 to be fully owned by the government.
Therefore, the financial support Economical
Different City railways have tried to connect their district with the town center. Major developments afterwards are mostly concentrated at the center too.
1937-1947
Green space
Economical
1000 2000 5000 In 1994, United Kingdom lauched its Biodiversity Action Plan to address threatened
species and habitats and is Political
designed to protect is and restore The British Government located systems. Since 1999, inbiological Westminster of London, the LU hasofbeen recording and capital the United Kingdom. managing trackside wildlife The Government’s location also regarding to the action plan. define the town center.
Development towards New Towns
Queensway Station
Suburb
Residential
50m
Sea / River
00
Lewisham phone signal can hardly Mobile be received inside the station
No. of Borough
00
9 Stations in 3 Sqkm
New Town
75%
Green Space
300,000
02
Yuen Long
Tuen Mun
55m
00
Greenwich
Southwark
Lambeth
Camden
Light Rail
164
01
08 05
In April 2001, there was an attempt of perfuming the station to make it more pleasant.
Merton
04
Light Rail
02 500,000Tung Chung Station
maximum length
00
00
580,000
60m
Kingston Upon Thames
253 inch Stops / 1 Sqkm
60 inch
40%
New Town
Olympic Station
Kowloon Station
Total Green Space Total Green Space Greater Than Almost
Westminster
12
Wandsworth
02
Richmond Underground Upon Thames classical music in
Function of Posters
(of HK land mass)
300,000
290,000
BUT
Havering
Barking & Dagen Fiam
Newham
16
A
10 Stations in 07 Sqkm
7.15 million
Sub-surface Level
by the underground
426 00 escalators
00
10
Tower Hamlets
City
Hammersmith Kensington & Fulham & Chelsea
14
Houndslow
‘please mind the gap’
Urban Parks, Geopark, Wetland
24 Country Park HongArea Kong Station 22 Special Commercial Center
Parks, Square, Public Gardens, Cemeteries
Baker Street Station
King’s Cross Station
23
Hackney
Islington
25 09 08
16 14
Ealing
Redbridge
09 01
Camden
21
Harrow
Bromley
Depth from ground
of the total number of Districts
most of the green areas within the district are not connected through.
North
04
Haringey
Waltham Forest
Local Flight
Ealing
w h n 402 m ac
04
10
Harrow
77.4%
* number of project invested over total number of regarding projects in Hong Kong
21
4.2M Bexley
Since 33 Boroughs has its own government for policy making and developments, the intension of each borough to connect the city center form the current railway morphology.
Hong Kong
. 5.5% is not connected
09
City
00 00 00
Barking & Dagen Fiam
Political
Similarly, city center of London is defined by the location of its administrative and economical center. They are well-connected to the other boroughs, with the most stations in terms of density.
Hong Kong
Barnet
09
Independent Station
Public Transport
Distribution of Green Belts Related Land-use
4 Marine Parks almost 40% Bank Station
Since development is restricted in Green, it gives limitation on MTR development.
Distribution of Station
by the underground
00 13
10 / 84
65.5%
Stations
40% 22.6%
(HKD) of transport Profits
Later the MTR mainly developed their railways with Hong Kong economical and bussiness center.
London
. 33.3% is not connected
G R O V E
Enfield
0 / 84
5%
$2.12B
During the merger, the overlapped developments were limited, hence, and the interchanged stations could be less while the circuit is still completed.
Station - Exterior, Interior, Facilities
of the total number of Boroughs
A
Class-A office building
Shopping mall 0%
Luxury hotel Interchanged
62.5%
Distribution of Stations 2 Stops / 1 Sqkm
0 / 84
0%
Independent Station
Invertebrates
Stations
was with properties investment
34 Station in 16.7 Sqkm
41%
0 / 84
14 / 264
1.14%
42 Interchanged 538 Stations 37.5% 3 3
Plants
Hong Kong
*
1.4%
$3.55B
Public Transport
2.65%
>500 14
Distribution Spaces Mammalsof Green Reptiles Amphibians Related Land-use
While MTR invested in the railway market. It started to connect the Afterwards, Hong Kong government has it clear blueprint on the new town development which railways followed.
London
Station - Exterior, Interior, Facilities
Large-scale residential project
Form Linear System
(HKD) of non- transport Profits
3 / 264
0.38%
39 / 84
Profits Investment Development Process of Current Morphology Tickets
8.6% Interchanged Stations
green space
43%
$-33M
(Pound) of non- transport Profits
Species in Green Space
Hong Kong
Investment and Management
London
Piccadilly line, Metropolitan line, Central line
10%
of non- transport Profits
5000
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
Neighbourhood
Private investment
$0 Form Network System
2000
New territory has the world’s greatest green coverage. It is attributed by the fact that more than 40& of the Hong Kong land mass is protected for conservation and recreation. They are designated to be country parks. Urban areas made up less than 25% of the total Land.
Hong Kong Railway System was mainly developed from two big companies, which is the MTRC and KCRC. They both had relatively linear morphological development.
bussiness and admistrative centers.
03
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
1000
Geographical
Economical
Before 1997, the British Government owned the possession of Hong Kong. The first Railways (KCR deparment) was developed by the Colonial Government in order to connect Guangzhou and Hong Kong.
London is a fully urbanized and developed city. Most of the green spaces are presented as part of the urban parks and public gardens.
70 mm
1901-1933 Mergers of Railways
Political
Geographical
Compared to Hong Kong, London’s Railways System was developed from numerious individual companies and City railways. They all tried to connect their district with the city center without any compromises.
60 inch
1900 - 1922 Development of New City Railways
23
Redbridge
630,000 1.4 Stops / 1 Sqkm
Sai Kung
Eastern
Southern
Total Population
264 Stops
Residential
Historical City Tourism for all boroughs
1870-1889 Expansion of MDR and MR
25
Westminster
Wan Chai
Islands
18
Total Station
Bromley
Croydon
Central & Western
04
25%
8.3 million
Airport
Focus Developemt
1856-1869
No. of Districts
75%
Green Space
Establishment of INDIVIDUAL Railways
00
Sutton
9 Stations in 3 Sqkm
New Town
Urbanized Area
No. of Borough
33
Kwun Tong
Yau Tsim Mong
1104 Sqkm
Urbanized Area
Total Population
00
Kowloon City
Total Area
1572 Sqkm ~100%
00
3 Stops / 1 Sqkm
Scenic Uplands, Mountains, Forests, Marshes, Coastline
Royal Park
Total Green Space Total Green Space Greater Than Almost
Total Area
Merton
Kingston Upon Thames
New Town
Wong Tai Sin
Background Numbers
Bexley
00
00
24 Country Park 22 Special Area
00 Lewisham
(of HK land mass)
Parks, Square, Public Gardens, Cemeteries
06 04 01 05 05 10 03 04 08 Sham Shui Po
00
Greenwich
Southwark
Lambeth
Sha Tin
04
Kwai Tsing
01
08 05
12
Wandsworth
02
Richmond Upon Thames
13
Tsuen Wan
Hammersmith Kensington & Fulham & Chelsea
14
Houndslow
Urban Parks, Geopark, Wetland
0.14 Stops / 1 Sqkm 10 Stations in 69.4 Sqkm
North
04
Haringey
34
4 Marine Parks almost 40%
300,000
04
10
Harrow
Distribution of Green Belts
300,000
290,000
most of the green areas
are not connected through.
Barnet
09 00
London
of the total number of Districts
BUT within the district
Enfield
77.4%
Hong Kong
. 5.5% is not connected
by the underground
00 13
Independent Station
22.6%
Distribution of Green Spaces
2 Stops / 1 Sqkm 34 Station in 16.7 Sqkm
10 / 84
2011-2017
Distribution of Station
. 33.3% is not connected
of the total number of Boroughs
Form Linear System
3 / 264
0.38%
Hong Kong
Development Process of Current Morphology Tickets
Interchanged Stations
Form Network System
Under Governemnt Surveillance
London
Development Process of Current Morphology Interchanged Stations
Present Situation ( 2000 - 2013 ) Linear
Under Government Control: TfL
g
05
M
Selected Work
a pa
M
%
ACADEM C PROJECT
Underground: London VS Hong Kong Re ea h A ea n a u u e P oe ea 2014 G oupma e X u Chan p Ken Lam
London and Hong Kong a e ho en o ompa e he a wa de e opmen unde m a po a en onmen du ng he e ab hmen o a wa bu d e en u u a ba kg ound and o he a o The on en o he ud d a ed a o d ng o he amewo k n a de end ng a e and p e en ed b e e o n og aph
%
08
p a M
n e men n ead o ece ng nd ng om go e nmen
5
ga
p
a d ag
a
g
G
m
1939 1945
Development
W
Development
M
Urban Parks, Geopark, Wetland
w
24 Country Park 22 Special Area
m
Scenic Uplands, Mountains, Forests, Marshes, Coastline
Royal Park
40%
w00 m
3 Stops / 1 Sqkm 9 Stations in 3 Sqkm
34 Brent
Sea / River
1910-1973
1974-1978
1979 - 1989
Expansion of KCR Department
Establishment of KCR Department
0
Expansion of MTR in Kowloon and Hong Kong
1000
2000
5000
0
Economical
Political
The British Government is located in Westminster of London, the capital of the United Kingdom. The Government’s location also define the town center.
1901-1933 Mergers of Railways
1937-1947
1948-1999
Development under Public Control
NATIONALIZED Railways / Change of Control
1990-2002
02
Development of Airport Express
1948-1999 Merge of KCR and MTR
London
Hong Kong
Neighbourhood Investment and Management Profits
London
Overivew of Morphology
Hong Kong
Overivew of Morphology
Present Situation ( 2000-2013 ) Network
Present Situation ( 2000 - 2013 ) Linear
Under Government Control: TfL
5.1M
0%
It gives a relatively unlimited potential for Underground to develop a network system.
Hence, a lot of interchanged stations were need to complete the network during the mergers.
8.6%
Interchanged Stations Form Network System
Form Linear System
$-33M
43%
Public Transport
Plants
Birds
41%
75 / 264
28.4%
A
151 / 264
57.2%
Interchanged Stations
Under Government Control: TfL
Related Land-use
37.5%
Distribution of Green Spaces
Main interchange
Residential
Interchanged Stations
8 Development
Development
Moor Park Station
Southgate Station Residential
Green space
Royal Park
40%
Rural
Underground Manange
Station
Political
Green Space
1870-1889
1910-1973
1900 - 1922
1974-1978
1979 - 1989
Expansion of KCR Department
Establishment of KCR Department
Development of New City Railways
0
Expansion of MTR in Kowloon and Hong Kong
1856-1869
1901-1933
1937-1947
1948-1999
Development under Public Control
NATIONALIZED Railways / Change of Control
1990-2002
02
Development of Airport Express
Activities in Station
1937-1947
1948-1999
Development towards New Towns
Merge of KCR and MTR
Political
Economical
Activities Legend
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
Hong Kong is identified by its materialistic culture and high levels of consumerism. Hong Kong culture:This culture allows various shops to Optimization of efficiency stand their business even in the underground. With the presence of convenience0 stores and 1000 2000 5000 boutiques, the stations become a more pleasant space for
developments were limited, hence, Expansion of KCRstations Department and the interchanged could be less while the circuit is still completed.
Afterwards, Hong Kong government has it clear blueprint on the new town development which railways followed.
Later the MTR mainly developed their railways with Hong Kong economical and bussiness center.
70%
Management
0%
8.6%
Activities in Station
03
5.1M
42 3
Plants
R N O S
Means of Payment
Different City railways have tried to connect their district with the town center. Major developments afterwards are mostly concentrated at the center too.
5%
(HKD) of transport Profits
* number of project invested over total number of regarding projects in Hong Kong
Southgate Station
King’s Cross Station
Baker Street Station
Hong Kong Station
Moor Park Station
Queensway Station
Kowloon Bay Station
Main interchange
Commercial Center
Residential
Kowloon Station
Olympic Station
Tung Chung Station
Tsing Yi Station
Commercial center
Residential
Residential
50m
Commercial
Political
In 1994, United Kingdom lauched its Biodiversity Action Plan to address threatened species and habitats and is designed to protect and restore biological systems. Since 1999, LU has been recording and managing trackside wildlife regarding to the action plan.
Residential
Rural
Green space
Underground Manange
Economical
London Underground was nationalised in 1948 to be fully owned by the government. Therefore, the financial support is well secured even without much properties investment.
Station
Residential
50m
Social
Suburb
Commercial
Political
London Underground stations are built solely for connection between the ground and the platform. This accounts for the minimal size of the standalone stations. Since most stations are not covered by telecommunication network, people regard them as a stop-and-go place instead of a space to linger.
Green space
Other
MTR invested
Economical
m
Station
Political & Economical
05
Social
1920s - 1930s:
The underground system was under rapid growth including major extensions
1960s - 1970s:
Modernisation and new developments of the London Underground was accompanied by problems such as financial difficulties and staff shortage
1939 - 1945: Second World War
London
‘qǐng 2005 xiǎo xīn yuè tái kòngxì‘ Inside MTR ‘please mind the gap‘
Metropop
1992 Inside MTR
(only airport line)
5 + 3
JobMarket
2006 Inside MTR
Mobile Phone network is 2007 installed in the stations and tunnels Inside MTR
Hong Kong
5.1M
2013 Inside MTR
Tariff structure Zonal fare system
HK Economics Times
Political & Economical
Social
private transport
Next Media
Zone 1 fare: “Art tube”
within 402km track Shopping in station
!
Smartphone users
Normal Passengers
METRO
M
Me opop
Cu u a
A c e o o g de e oped n Hong ong A ho gh M p omo e a b d e en mean he ca e m ch ma e han ha n ondon
m
Economical
In London, only 50% of the journeys are by public transportation, free newspaper cannot successfully attract enough potential customers for their advertising products.
Some abandoned platforms are fully used for art venues.
Thus, not much free newspaper can be survived under the situation.
n de M R
obMa
M
1999 Inside Tube
Art culture is strongly promoted in London. LU has implemented different schemes to accomodate local artists, busking performances and also filming activities.
m
Rec u
2006-09 Outside Tube
Cultural
n de M R
m
DMG Media
AM 730
H AD N DA Y
n de M R
the london paper
M
e
Fouling
urn
Regular ticket
(Paper ticket)
1
newspaper is distributed around Tube
Social
METRO
HEADLINE DAILY
2002 Inside MTR
2005 Inside MTR
(international company)
AM 730 2005 Inside MTR
Recruit 1992 Inside MTR
H
Metropop 2006 Inside MTR
2013 Inside MTR
newspapers magazines are distributed around MTR stations
Although MTR promotes art by different means, the scale is much smaller than that in London.
Economical
MTR stations attract many small businesses due to the vast amount of potential customers. This accounts for the presence of the big upper platform of MTR. Since 95% of transportaion in HK is by public transport, MTR stations become effective places for promotion of products by free newspaper distribution.
n de M R
08
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
5 + 3
w
Econom ca
2011 Outside MTR
(only airport line)
5 + 3
JobMarket
Art culture is not strongly developed in Hong Kong.
Due to potential reliability problem to the train operation and economic reasons, platform edge doors are not installed and tragedies cannot be avoided totally.
SKY POST
2007 Inside MTR
ANDA D
Cultural
It is reported that 50 people commit suicide in London Underground anually.
THE STANDARD
m M
M a on a ac man ma b ne e d e o he a amo o po e a c ome h acco n o he p e ence o he b g ppe p a o m o M nce % o an po a on nH b p b c a po M a on become e ec e p ace o p omo o o p od c b ee new pape d b on
Islands
75%
Mode of transport
Local media companies
HK Economics Times
50%
private transport
50%
Eastern
0.42 Stops
/ 1 Sqkm
Barnet
10
Waltham Forest
21
06
05 + 00
05
Sham Shui Po
Kwun Tong
Sai Kung
New Town
Kwai Tsing
Wan Chai
North
Wong Tai Sin
Yuen Long
Tuen Mun
Central & Western
Tai Po
Sha Tin, Yuen Long and Tuen Mun District has been the most populated new town in Hong Kong. Therefore, Sha Tin is well supported by the Railways 0 1000 2000 systems with it own intra-network.
1997 has mainly urbanized and developed the areas near the Victory Harbour, which are in Hong Kong Island and Kowloon.
Although Yau Tsim Mong and Eastern District do not have the
Political
34
Lewisham
for wheelchair ac
09
Hong Kong New territorytheir has own the world’s developed intra-netgreatest green work in light railcoverage. instead. It is developed city. Most of the companies, which is the MTRC and attributed by the fact that more The first Railways (KCR deparment) KCRC. They both had relatively linear green spaces are presented as than 40& of the Hong Kong land was developed by the Colonial morphological development. mass is protected for conservation part of the urban parks and Government in order to connect Chan Minggardens. Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171 and recreation. They are public Guangzhou and| Hong Kong. During the merger, the overlapped designated to be country parks. developments were limited, hence, While MTR invested in the railway Urban areas made up less trip than ticket: and the interchanged stations could Kwun Tong to Shek Single It gives a relatively unlimited market. It started to connect the 25% of the total Land. be less while the circuit is still completed. $8.0 bussiness and admistrative centers. potential for Underground to Kip Mei Octopus Single trip: system. Single trip: Since development is restricted in Afterwards, Hong Kong government Later the MTR mainly developed their (7 Stations) $7.4 Zonedevelop 1 fare:a network Cash £4.70 railways with Hong Kong economical Green, it gives limitation on MTR has it clear blueprint on the new town London Hong Kong and bussiness center. Oystercard Single trip: development. development which railways followed. £2.20 Travelcards(day pass): Sub-surface Level Train Type Depth from ground £8.40 Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171 Tube-Gauge 2009 Sub-surface Stock 1982 Metro-Cammell Train Steam Locomotive 1910 have the first and second most Hong Kong Railway System was station in density. from two big mainly developed
Means of Payment
0 4Tariff structure
Point- to- point system
Merton
Tickets Tickets
Bexley
00
00
Economical Croydon
Sutton
23
Redbridge
09
Harrow
00 00 00
Barking & Dagen Fiam
The later two seems not to be Geographical well-connected, yet, MTR has
maximum numbers of station, they Economical
1997, the British Government *Before Before 1997, UK owed the of Hongof Kong Island,Kong. owned thepossession possession Hong while the New Territories is borrowed in principle.
25
In 2010, Rail Vehicle Accessibility Westminster Brent Regulations were put into force. Stocks of London Underground started to include facilities such as wheelchair space, offset City center door poles, multi-purpose areas for the disabled.
5000
Gre
Lambeth
Wandsworth
Furniture and fixtures such as Dot-matrix display were kept added into the train for user-friendy purpose.
PSDs on existing system. Social
multi-purpose ar
wheelchair spac
Southwark
00
00
Social & Political
Kowloon City
passengers and to avoid forsuicide, all Districts people commiting platform screen doors are installed in most of the platforms. That makes MTR the world's first railway to undertake the retrofitting of
Due to increasing number of accidents occur in the stations 00on safety , campaigns Southern promotion are seriously taken place throughout the station. One of the major action is to
2009 Tube
+8 0 4 08 05++ Dot-matrix 00 displa + Offset centre do
Kingston Upon Thames
Tsuen Wan
put on safety posters within Economical the station.
Newha
Tower Hamlets
City
Westminster
12
Construction Method
Tunnel Boring 02
05
Hackney
Islington
Hammersmith Kensington & Fulham & Chelsea
14
Tunneling
+ Removable seat 09 01 10 25 09 08
Camden
16 14
Ealing
+ Light diffusers + Modular grab po
16
Brent
Other lines except Circle line, District line and Metropolitan line (deepest at Hampstead station of 58.5m)
Original lanscape
04Tube 1967
Haringey
34
00
Hillingdon
Houndslow
To promote commercial products
Bromley
London Underground’s stock had a long life span up to 42 years due to constant renovation as a way to reduce replacement cost.
21 Ealing
16
Camden
16
Hammersmith & Fulham
14
Kensington & Chelsea
14
Forest
Hamlets
00
Croydon
00 Enfield
00
00
Hillingdon
Havering
1
Houndslow
Cost-saving fixtures such as removable seat cover were equipped for new trains to 09 Lambeth 08 08 05 04 reduce maintenance cost. Waltham Islington Southwark Tower
Bar
0
Rich Upon
00
Kingston Upon Tham
Economical
Political
Branding
Similarly, city center of London is defined by the location of its administrative and economical center. They are well-connected to the other boroughs, with the most stations in terms of density.on Square and Circle 1. Simplicity:based
The City of London Borough act also as a economical center which define the center of the railway morphology.
Brand-New Typeface for Simplicity: Johnston
2. Legibility: differentiating sim
equal widthhas in main Sincestroke 33 Boroughs its ownstrokes government for policy m
Construction and Train
V.S.
1910 - 2014
Deep Level Train Type
%unt 72 21 co rd) Total ca Dis seats
rca
vel
ste
(oy
(Tra
urn
trip
1-18m
ed
(Oc
um
is ass
East railway, West Railway, Ma On Shan Railway
1995 1982 -
78
24m
+
(Magnetic-strip)
12-37m
wheelchair space 1997 10
Point- to point
2003
50%
Travelcard (Paper ticket) Zonal
public transport
oyster
Total seats
(Magnetic-strip) Point- to point
Point- to point
Construction Method
95%
Cut and Cover Political
tie-up seats
private transport
5%
(Choose either one,of local owns octopus card depend different extension needs )
20 252
8 multi-purpose areas 4 wheelchair space
V
Economical
Technology
7
+
Televsion
+
public transport
1905:
Winged Wheel Logo of the London General Omnibus Company
24m
The original 'roundel' design had a solid red disc adopted from the Winged wheel logo
1936 - 1949
The words 'London Transp were added onto the roun in 1936.
12 129
1913:
The winged wheel logo was an early precursor of the Underground logo
after 1986
the letters size of 'U' and 'D were reduced. All the lette are in the same height
Remarks: The Underground Group bought the London General Omnibus Company in 1912
Priority Seats
Social 7 Quiet Compartment
Multi-purpose Areas
Normal Seats
Hong Kong culture promotes efficiency and 90% of citizens use public transport, thus fast payment system in public transport is essential to 24m impliment the smart card system. Hong Kong adopted the sytem soon after Seoul’s first smart card was established.
Economical
Social
skycrappers.
Total Seats
wheelchair space + + Split standing handrail design
Tunnel Boring
Political
Social
The Undergroud group bought the London General Omnibus Company
Frank Pick became the publicity officer of the London Underground and developed the corporate identity.
1912: 1936:
The London Underground were under common public control of LPTB
1948:
Britain's railways were nationalised
Technology
Hong Kong adopted electric units at the beginning of its underground railway service. Hong Kong culture: The depth was deep to address Optimization of efficiency the need of deep foundation of skycrappers.
09
In 2010, Rail Vehicle Accessibility Regulations were put into force. Stocks of London Underground started to include facilities such as wheelchair space, offset center door poles, multi-purpose areas for the disabled.
135 90%
2011 C-Stock EMU
+12 Economical
4 Octopus In 2000, HKMA removed The convenience of Kong, Compared to Hong Kong, for wheelchair accessCompared to Hong Normal seatsthe previous restrictions that cards successfully attract more urge of need of fast- payment London is more aggressive on prohibited Octopus from non- transport related system was weaker in London encouraging people to use the generating more than 15% of its businesses to accept Octopus since only 50% of transportation Oyster card, great discount turnover from non-transit cards in order to attract more mode is public transport. Thus (53%)on trips paid by oyster 16.5m related functions, the limit is customers. Octopus only the Oyster card was implimentcard is implimented. Oyster card then raised to 50%. imposes very little discount ed long after this technology is promoted since much less compare to tickets since there was established. ticket offices are needed, so is not much need to further employees can be allocated to attract local citizens to use it. other departments. London Underground’s stock Before 1900s, steam locomoTo save cost, MTR Corportation Since number of population tives were used as the had a long life span up to 42 preferred repairing and kept increasing, more seats transporting stock which would renovating existing stocks for years due to constant were demolished for more emit harmful smoke.| Ip Therefore, Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171 longer life span instead of renovation as a way to standing space. tube lines could not be too far changing the whole model reduce replacement cost. away from ground level for air instead. To take care the need of the ventilation. Cost-saving fixtures such as disabled, the elderly and During its renovation, changing removable seat cover were pregnants, fixtures such as After 1900s, electric units were fixtures such as using LED equipped for new trains to priority seat and wheelchair invented to address the need lighting system is a way to reduce maintenance cost. space were added. of deeper foundation of reduce operation cost. + Offset centre door poles
Furniture and fixtures such as Dot-matrix display were kept added into the train for user-friendy purpose.
2 Years
16m of Transit transaction
2009 Tube Stock
+ +
10%
+Regular Noise-proof door ticket + LED light system
octopus (Contactless)
First MTR underground line : Tsuen Wan Line (Central station at 25m)
8 Years
Zonal
80%
20%
Economical + Dot-matrix display Social
1913 - 1919
$13M
of non- transport transactions each day
2002 Rotem K-Stock Mode of transport + 3 wheelchair space
1997
152
+ Light diffusers + Modular grab poles + Removable seat cover (Contactless)
The London Underground at the first time agreed upon a unified branding
162
+ Train Information System + Digital Voice Announcer system Total Seats of Octopus transactions are allowed to be non-transport
24m
1967 Tube Stock
1908 - 1913
2000
50%
15%
Regular ticket
UPass Seoul
(first contactless)
Usage of smart card 1997 Metro-Cammell EMU
2014 1979
Deep level
Total seats
Zonal
162 unt 7.Dis5% co Total us) Seats top
Ret 16.5m
Travelcard + Internal lamp lighting system + Flexible grab(Paper handles ticket)
Company Logo Design
1979 Metro-Cammell Train
14.5m
1908: 1916:
The Johnston typeface was designed by Edward Johnston
1928:
Gill Sans was designed by Eric Gill. Eric acknownleged that the font is a close variant on the Johnston typeface
Inside the stock, more advanced information systems were adopted to provide real-time train service to customers.
07
London
Branding 1. Simplicity:based on Square and Circle equal stroke width in main strokes
M n on
2. Legibility: differentiating similar letters
n po
Hong Kong
Branding Typeface Developed from Traditional Song(宋體): MTRSong
3. Clarity: differentiating ‘dot’
1863
198
The modification of the Song font type is based on the traditional stroke weight and stroke sequennce from the Kangxi Dictionary(康熙字典)
+
V.S.
on
+
before 2007
after 2007
+
before 2007
after 2007
before 2007
after 2007
Remarks: The KCRC used exsisting typeface such as DFHeiMedium-B5(華康中黑體)
Company Logo Design
P p
unt 7.Dis5% co us) top
ed
(Oc
um
1995
Usage of smart card
1979
1997
15%
Regular ticket
Travelcard
UPass Seoul
(Paper ticket)
(first contactless)
Zonal
2003
public transport
(Magnetic-strip)
Point- to point
1908 - 1913 2000
50%
of Octopus transactions are allowed to be non-transport
Next Media
Social
Due to high utilization rate and the influx of mainland Chinese, MTR station platforms are always overcrowded, which brings conflicts between local and mainland Chinese. Since telecommunication is available and most locals like to use smartphones during transit, some accidents happen occasionally and flow control is thus needed.
oyster
8 Years
(Contactless)
Zonal
80%
SHARP POS
2 Years
of Transit transaction
Point- to point
95%
of local owns octopus card
Regular ticket (Magnetic-strip) Point- to point
5%
Economical
Social
Political
Economical
Compared to Hong Kong, London is more aggressive on encouraging people to use the Oyster card, great discount (53%)on trips paid by oyster card is implimented. Oyster card is promoted since much less ticket offices are needed, so employees can be allocated to other departments.
Compared to Hong Kong, the urge of need of fast- payment system was weaker in London since only 50% of transportation mode is public transport. Thus the Oyster card was implimented long after this technology was established.
In 2000, HKMA removed previous restrictions that prohibited Octopus from generating more than 15% of its turnover from non-transit related functions, the limit is then raised to 50%.
The convenience of Octopus cards successfully attract more non- transport related businesses to accept Octopus cards in order to attract more customers. Octopus only imposes very little discount compare to tickets since there is not much need to further attract local citizens to use it.
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
m
ng ao
Soc a
V
Ou de M R 0 9
H m
m
m
1905:
1913:
1936 - 1949
The words 'London Transport' were added onto the roundel in 1936.
1910 - 1941
1942 - 1949
1949 - 1975
1975 - 1982
1958 - 1970
1979 - 1996
after 1996
after 1997
1982 - 1997
Logo of KCR Department
Logo of KCR Department
$13M
10%
private transport
90%
public transport
Winged Wheel Logo of the London General Omnibus Company
The winged wheel logo was an early precursor of the Underground logo
after 1986
the letters size of 'U' and 'D' were reduced. All the letters are in the same height
Logo of MTR Corporation
The word ‘Underground’ came back with the letter size of ‘U’ and ‘D’ larger than the others
Social
Hong Kong culture promotes efficiency and 90% of citizens use public transport, thus fast payment system in public transport is essential to impliment the smart card system. Hong Kong adopted the sytem soon after Seoul’s first smart card was established.
Political
Social
The Undergroud group bought the London General Omnibus Company
Frank Pick became the publicity officer of the London Underground and developed the corporate identity.
1912:
Logo of MTR Corporation
Mode o 1936:
anspo
The London Underground were under common public control of LPTB
1948:
Britain's railways were nationalised
50%
1916:
The Johnston typeface was designed by Edward Johnston
1928:
Political
Technological
Gill Sans was designed by Eric Gill. Eric acknownleged that the font is a close variant on the Johnston typeface
1910:
1950 - 1970s:
1908:
The Kowloon-Canton Railway (KCR) first came into service
This period is known as the transitional period. The photographic technology used for printing were under development.
Logo of KCR Department
Logo of KCR Department
Logo of KCR Corporation
Logo of KCR Corporation
1941:
The technology became mature and all the major typefaces were in use
1949:
1980s - 1990s:
50% The digital type became the dominant form of type
10
Technological DynaLab(華康科技) was founded which developed various digital Chinese typefaces including the MingLiU(細明體) and KaiU(標楷體)
1974:
2003
Battle of Hong Kong started on 8th December and ended on 25th of December
1970s - 1980s:
Social
A 10-year investment programme was started to provide for the complete double-tracking and electrification of railway from Hung Hom to Lo Wu.
The through-train services were halted due to the People's Liberation Army's capture of Canton
1979:
The Mass Transit Railway Corporation was created
1982:
The Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation was created
1987:
1979~:
The Mass Transit Railway Corporation developed its own Chinese typeface MTRSong. The MTRSong was modified from the traditional Song Font.
d
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
p Zon
oy
20%
Ne Med a
D e o h gh a on a e and he o ma a d C e e M a on p a o m a e a wa o e c owded wh ch b ng con c be ween oca and ma n and Ch ne e nce e ecomm n ca on a a ab e and mo oca e o e ma p o e d ng an ome acc de happen occa ona and ow co o h needed
Po n - o po n
1951 - 1958
‘London Transport’ was removed. ‘Underground’ was replaced by ‘Railways’.
Remarks: The Underground Group bought the London General Omnibus Company in 1912
Political
Ou de M R
The original 'roundel' design had a solid red disc adopted from the Winged wheel logo
Mode of transport
octopus (Contactless)
In 1981, a legal debate on train fair system “Fares Fair” advocated by the Labour Party administration of the Greater London Council was put on the court. In 1983, a zonal fare system and travelcard was implimented to satisfy the aims of the “Fares
1913 - 1919
The London Underground at the first time agreed upon a unified branding
of non- transport transactions each day
1997 Travelcard (Paper ticket) Zonal
20%
SKY POS
Singtao
Eastern
Political
Usage o sma ca d
SHARP POST 2011-13 Outside MTR
08
Developemt to advertise their product in MTR.
Brand-New Typeface for Simplicity: Johnston
is ass
1983
1863 Point- to point
Free magazines
trip
Wan Chai
Enfield
13 Harrow
Local Flight
+ Internal lamp ligh + Flexible grab han
00
Cover
09
Average24.4m
Political 00 + 04 Social Technological New Town 02 02 01 04 04 Hong 04 Kong 04 is known 04 as 03 one of To ensure the safeness of & Economical the safest place in the world. Resential Use
Total Green Space Industry Tourism Almost
Cut
Deep level
doors
1.4 Stops / 1 Sqkm
10 Stations in 07 Sqkm
Ret
Usage of smart card Mainly on transportation
Free newspaper
Local media company
METRO Morning News 1999 Outside Tube
vel
(Tra
Eating
Free publications
Free newspaper
w
Gray goods traders (水貨客)
1899
Construction Method
1890s-2014
10 / 84 74%
11.9% stations provide 630,000 platform screen
77.4%
Southern
Posters in Hong Kong mainly Institutional used Suburban for commercial advertiseGreen Space ments. The high utilization rate of public transport in Hong Sea / River Kong successfully attract vast Airport amount of business companies Focus
Tickets
Tube-Gauge Steam Locomotive
Deep Level Train Type
Distribution of Stations Cut and Cover
Independent Station
Sai Kung
(Digital infopanels, floor stickers, bunting, wall-wrap advertisement, etc)
Yau Tsim Mong
!!!
!
Eating
Free publications
rca
ste
(oy Flow control
Please hold the hand rail, do not hold your mobile phone. !
%unt 21 co rd) Dis ca
%nt 53 cou rd) Dis
! Scene of accidents due to use of smartphones:
!
Central & Western
10
Sha Tin
Scenic Uplands,
Company Logo Design
!
! !
Passenger
Kwun Tong
06
1983 1923 Stardard Stock
Regular ticket
(Paper ticket)
Social & Political
Busking
Newspaper distribution
Kowloon City
Yau Tsim Mong
Marshes, Coastline
London
Sub-surface Level Train Type
Average7.3m
03
Point- to point
Construction Method Political Tunnel Boring
!
Around 50 people commit suicide in Underground each year.
Richm Upon Th
00
Kingston Upon Thame
Comparing to Hong Kong, stations are not essentially concentrated at the economically developed boroughs. More, most of the industrial boroughs, which are at the perpherial of London borders are not connected to the city center.
Richmond Upon Thames
13
22 Special Area
Cultural Center
Sutton
Geographical
1899
1863
In 1981, a legal debate on
Kwun Tong to Shek Single trip ticket: $8.0 Kip Mei Octopus Single trip: (7 Stations) $7.4
Filming
Newspaper Delievery
00
Hillingdon
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
Tickets Tickets
Cash Single trip: £4.70 Oystercard Single trip: £2.20 Travelcards(day pass): £8.40
Passengers
40%
Publication
00
55 / 84
65.5%
Sha Tin
Mobile Phone network is installed in the stations and tunnelsWong Tai Sin
Sham Shui Po
Business Center Airport Mountains, Forests,
Most of the stations were then extended and added in the residential boroughs, which surrounds the city center, in order to provide adequate transportation for people who need London is a fully urbanized and to transit during work.
Hence, a lot of interchanged stations were need to complete the network during the mergers.
Cover
train fair system “Fares Fair” advocated by the Labour Original Tunnelingof the Party administration lanscape Greater London Council was put on the court. In 1983, a zonal fare system and travelcard was implimented to satisfy the aims of the “Fares
Hong Kong
Means of Payment
within 218km track “Art platform” & Poem on train
Merton
Escalators was introduced in Earl’s Court station and known
%nt 53 cou rd) Dis
Other lines except Circle line, District line and Metropolitan line (deepest at Hampstead station of 58.5m)
Technological
Tariff structure Point- to- point system
journeys a day
F ee pub ca ons
Cut
50%
Social
journeys a day
4.2M
Singtao
00
1911:
84 stops
Urban Parks, Geopark, Wetland
Deep Level Train Type
Mode Average24.4m of transport
Outside MTR
06
Tickets
00
Havering
Enfield
Waltham Forest
Southwark
Tower Hamlets
00
Construction and Train
Original lanscape
station Platform
05 0 / 84 13 19 / 84 0% 22.6% 04 06 04 01 05 05 10 03 04 08
Tsuen Wan
Unlike London, Hong Kong has The underground railways is initiated After the City railways has developed developed its railway system mainly from the admistrative center which has the underground access towards the not been the main development in the district with high economical city center, an influx of residential afterwards. Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ipheld Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171 activities, such as shopping and has been around developments tourism, since Hong Kong is famous the city center. However, it still defined the city center for its economical development. since the colonial government before
Deep level
platform 2011-13screen doors
Local media companies
newspapers magazines are distributed around MTR stations
Economical
01
Shopping Center Food Center Hackney Greenwich Greater Than Electrification of new trains was introduced the District Railway
as ‘moving staircases’ Social
Construction Method
Original lanscape
Although MTR promotes art by different To means, the scale promote safetyis much smaller than in within thethat station London.
London
Means of Payment
Activities Legend
Lambeth
00
Croydon
The City of London Borough act also as a economical center which define the center of the railway morphology.
Surface rail Level
1890s-2014
(Digital infopanels, floor stickers, bunting, wall-wrap Due etc) to high utilization rate and MTR stations attract many small advertisement, the influx of mainland Chinese, businesses due to the vast MTR station platforms are always amount of potential customers. overcrowded, which brings This accounts for the presence conflicts between local and of the big upper platform of To promote commercial products mainland Chinese. Since MTR. Since 95% of transportaion telecommunication is available in HK is by public transport, MTR and economic reasons, and most locals like to use stations become effective platform edge doors are not smartphones during transit, some places for promotion of installed and tragedies cannot accidents happen occasionally products by free newspaper be avoided totally. and flow control is thus needed. distribution. Hong Kong is known as one of 1905: To ensure the safeness of the safest place in the world. Electrification of new trains was passengers and to avoid in Hong| Ng Kong Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip YiRailway Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Posters Kwan 1155002247 Yuenmainly Yung Yuyu 1155016171 Due to increasing number of introduced the District people commiting suicide, used for commercial advertiseaccidents occur in the stations platform screen doors are ments. The high utilization rate , campaigns on safety installed in most of the of public transport in Hong promotion are seriously taken 1911: platforms. That makes MTR Kong successfully attract vast place throughout the station. Escalators was introduced in the world's first railway to amount of business companies One of the major action is to Earl’s Court station and known undertake the retrofitting of to advertise their product in put on safety posters within as ‘moving staircases’ PSDs on existing system. MTR. the station.
Cultural
01
1905:
00
Lewisham
Mainly on transportation
SHARP POST stations provide
2011 Outside MTR
Richmond Upon Thames
00
Economical
Tube-Gauge Steam Locomotive
Cut and Cover Usage of smart card
Fouling
74%
SKY POST
THE STANDARD
04 02
Waltham
00
Public Gardens, Cemeteries Residential Administration
Modernisation and new developments of the London Underground was accompanied by problems such as The Citydifficulties of London Borough act financial and staff shortage
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
m
Activities in Station
Activities Legend
2005 ‘please mind the gap‘ ‘qǐng xiǎo xīn MTR yuè tái Inside kòngxì‘
AM 730
‘請小心月台空隙‘
Ride smart! Stop when you hear the door Art culture is not stronglychimes developed in Hong Kong.
08
Frank Pick became the publicity officer of the London Underground and developed the corporate identity
1933:
The London Passenger Transport Board was created to run all bus, tram and underground railway service. The new authority London Transport took over the Underground Group of companies
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
Activities in Station
50mm Recruit
To provide corporate To promote fine art sponsorship the newly Due to potential as reliability publicity strategy developed problem to the train operation Victoria Line
Technological
1908:
1914 - 1918: First World War
Gray goods traders (水貨客)
station Platform
20102014~
Function of Posters Free magazines
1
Social
It is reported that 50 people commit suicide in London
Thus, not much free newspaper can be survived under the situation.
Some abandoned platforms are fully used for art venues.
Hong Kong is identified by its materialistic culture and high levels of consumerism. Hong Kong culture:This culture allows various shops to Optimization of efficiency stand their business even in the underground. With the presence of convenience stores and boutiques, the stations become a more pleasant space for people to gather and linger. This accounts for the larger size of MTR stations.
HEADLINE DAILY
‘請小心月台空隙‘
(international company)
1984-2014~ 1908-1914: 1914-1918: 1918-1933: 1933 -1939: 1939-1945: 1945-1963: Underground 1963-1984: anually. transportation, free newspaper different schemes to accomo-
Social
Also, Hong Kong is strong in its tourism that investment in hotel help bring forth huge profit.
2004
‘請小心月台空隙‘ ‘please 2002 mind the Inside gap‘ MTR
40 inch newspaper is distributed around Tube
V
Economical
In London, only 50% of the journeys are by public
20042010
METRO
DMGmaximum depth Media
Mobile phone signal can hardly be received inside the station
To establish To display To experiment To promote To boostattract the To stem the cannot successfully date local artists, busking various new an unique army the London morale decline in enough potential customers for performances and also filming corporate recruiting graphpic style Transport as during WWII passenger theirauthority advertising products. number activities. poster in WWI image new
Suburb
Since land price is high in HK, developing office, residential could ensure a long-term and stable financial sources.
Hong Kong Government favoured the “Laissez-faire” policy that even it owned a large part of HKMTR’s share, the company should be run as a private enterprise and continue its future development with its own property investment, instead of receving funding from government.
In April 2001, there was an attempt of perfuming the station to make it more pleasant.
1999 Inside Tube
Cultural
Art culture is strongly promoted in London. LU has implemented
Suburb
55m
METRO
Since 2005, The London Underground plays classical music in problem station to reduce the crime rate
Morning Function of Postersthe london paper News 25 inch 1999 2006-09 Outside Tube Outside Tube 60 inch
Commercial Center
Residential
Free newspaper before
Barne
1923 Stard
08 Stations in 19 Sqkm
7.15 million
264 Stops
Newham
0%
‘qǐng xiǎo xīn yuè táiKwai Tsing
Ride smart! Stop when you hear the door chimes
Total Population Total Station
1984-2014~ 4 Marine Parks To provide corporate almost 40% fine art sponsorship (of HK land mass) To promote safety as publicity strategy Legend of LandCountry 24 Use Park within the station Parks, Square,
10 10
0 / 84 2014~ ‘請小心月台空隙‘
22.6%
Islands
18
Total Station
Haringey
Hong Kong
0.14 Stops / 1 Sqkm
10 Stations in 69.4 Sqkm
No. of Districts
33
8.3 million
Croydon Hillingdon Havering Enfield Kingston The underground system was under rapid Upon Thames growth including major extensions
Circle line, District line, Metropolitan line (average 7.3m)
Eating
!!!
!
!
Free publications
Local media company
‘please mind the gap’
Flow control
Please hold the hand rail, do not hold your mobile phone.
Tung Chung Station
Eating
lifts
Free newspaper
Southgate Station
Scene of accidents due to use of smartphones:
maximum length
164
Free publications
13
04 02
Economical
Tai Po
2010-
Tuen Mun
kòngxì‘ Interchanged Stations ‘please mind the gap‘
Urbanized Area 50mm Distribution of Green 04 Belts 25%
~100%
No. of Borough
8 Royal Park Technological Total Green Space
1960s - 1970s:
02
Light Rail
0%
‘請小心月台空隙‘
‘please mind the gap‘ ‘qǐng xiǎo xīn yuè tái kòngxì‘
1104 Sqkm
Total Population
1906 Gate Stock
!
!
60m
Around 50 people commit suicide in Underground each year.
Public Transport
Related Land-use
Bank Station
Normal Passengers
0%
Total Area Function of Posters
Total Area
Sub-surface Level
!
426
Passenger escalators
40%
$2.12B
Amphibians
Smartphone users
!
!
05
Southwark
Tower
00 -00 00 1920s 1930s:
12
Wandsworth
Barnet
Sub-surface Level Train Type
Average7.3m !
V
To promote the newly developed Victoria Line
13
developed from numerious individual companies and City railways. They all tried to connect their district with the city center without any compromises.
capital of the United Kingdom. Tariff Thestructure Government’s location also define the town center. Zonal fare system
Construction and Train
Depth from ground
Busking
Newspaper distribution
08
14
Houndslow
Economical
Political
G R O V E
Luxury hotel
Invertebrates
Reptiles
Shopping in station
Lambeth
14
Kensington & Chelsea
Comparing to Hong Kong, stations are not essentially concentrated at the economically developed boroughs. More, most of the industrial boroughs, which are at the perpherial of London borders Compared to Hong are not connected to Kong, the city London’s center. Railways System was
2000 5000 . in1000 terms of density
! A
Islington
16
Hammersmith & Fulham
Forest Frank Pick becameHamlets the publicity officer of the London Underground and developed the corporate identity
1860s-2014 Newspaper Delievery
Camden
To stem the decline in passenger number
also as a economical center which define the center of the railway morphology.
Since 33 Boroughs has its own government for policy making and developments, the intension of each borough to connect the city center The Government is located formBritish the current railway morpholoin gy.Westminster of London, the
Passengers
16
Social
Harrow
They are well-connected to the other boroughs, with the most stations
0
Filming
Stations
Shopping mall
538 3
Birds
Mammals
Merge of KCR and MTR
Ealing
09 1908: 09 08
City
00 00 00
defined by the location of its
Activities Legend
“Art tube”
Development towards New Towns
Development of Airport Express
21
administrative and economical center.
1948-1999 Hong Kong
1937-1947 Station 1990-2002 - Exterior, Interior, Facilities
23
Redbridge
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
41%
Public Transport
>500 14
Related Land-use
25
Westminster
Political 1939 - 1945:
Hong Kong
Class-A office building
(HKD) of non- transport Profits
Species in Green Space
02
34
Similarly, city War center of London is Second World
Since development is restricted in Green, it gives limitation on MTR development.
was with properties investment
1.4%
$3.55B
green space
43%
(Pound) of non- transport Profits
“Art platform” & Poem on train
NATIONALIZED Railways / Change of Control
70 mm
10%
$-33M
London
1948-1999
Development under Public Control
within 402km track
Large-scale residential project
Private investment
$0
of non- transport Profits
39 / 84
Investment ( respond to market share ) *
Profits
trackside green space is located on
Piccadilly line, Metropolitan line, Central line
Mergers of Railways
60 inch
Profits
4.2M
1901-1933 1937-1947 Station - Exterior, Interior, Facilities journeys a day
Investment and Management
Bromley
Croydon
Sutton
Bexley Bromley Barking & The London Passenger Transport Dagen Fiam Board was created to run all bus, tram and underground railway service. The new authority London Transport took over the Underground Group of companies
1979 - 1989
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
Hong Kong
Neighbourhood
00
1933:
journeys a day
Investment and Management
00
00
To display To experiment To promote To boost the army various new the London morale recruiting graphpic style Transport as during WWII poster in WWI new authority
Historical City 1914 - 1918: Tourism for First World War all boroughs
New MTR territory stations.has the world’s greatest green coverage. It is attributed by the fact that more than 40& of the Hong Kong land mass is protected for conservation and recreation. They are designated to be country parks. Urban upand lessHong thanKong Expansion of areas MTR in made Kowloon 25% of the total Land.
within 218km track
London
Neighbourhood
14
Houndslow
05
Circle line, District line, Metropolitan line (average 7.3m)
02
Yuen Long
20040 / 84 2010
0 / 84 2004
Background Numbers
1572 Sqkm
04
Light Rail
500,000
before
‘請小心月台空隙‘ ‘please mind the gap‘
62.5%
40 inchUrbanized Area
00 Merton
Political 09 & Economical
Social
people to gather and linger. This Geographical accounts for the larger size of
1974-1978
While MTR invested in the railway Establishment Department market. It started of toKCR connect the bussiness and admistrative centers.
Development New City Railways It gives aofrelatively unlimited
potential for Underground to develop a network system.London
Station
MTR invested
Economical
1910-1973
1900 - 1922
Hence, a lot of interchanged stations were need to complete the network during the mergers.
To establish an unique corporate image
Suburb
Other
Tung Chung Station
580,000
lifts
14 / 264
maximum depth
Independent Station
Bexley
Lewisham
1908-1914: 1914-1918: 1918-1933: 1933 -1939: 1939-1945: 1945-1963: 1963-1984:
Tsing Yi Station
Green space
05
1870-1889
Different City railways have tried Establishment of INDIVIDUAL Railways to connect their district with the town center. Major developments afterwards are mostly concentrated at the center too.
Airport
Political
Islington
Bromley
developments, the intension of each borough to connect the city center form the current railway morphology.
300,000
North
Form Linear System
Havering
55m 5.30%
151 / 264
1.14%
00
Greenwich
00
Kingston Upon Thames
Brent
instead of a space to linger. Geographical
Compared to Hong Kong, London’s Railways System was developed from numerious individual companies and City railways. They all tried to connect their district with the city center without any compromises. Expansion of MDR and MR
02
Richmond Upon Thames
3 Stops / 1 Sqkm 9 Stations in 3 Sqkm
Tung Chung Station
Suburb
Commercial
Development
Economical
Harrow
Bexley
08
1906 Gate 300,000
290,000
Development Process of Current Morphology 04Tickets
164
00
01
05
Southwark
Lambeth
Wandsworth
Barking & Dagen Fiam
Mobile phone signal can hardly be received inside the station
2001, there was an attempt of perfuming the station to make it more
12 08 37.5%
Newham
Tower Hamlets
City
Kensington In April & Chelsea
pleasant. Interchanged Stations
25 inch Distribution of Green Spaces
Residential
London Underground stations Hong Kong Government Since land price is high in HK, are built solely for connection favoured the “Laissez-faire” developing office, residential between the ground and the policy that even it owned a could ensure a long-term and platform. This accounts for the large part of HKMTR’s share, stable financial sources. minimal size of the standalone the company should be run as stations. Since most stations are a private enterprise and Also, Hong Kong is strong in its not covered by telecommunicacontinue its future developtourism that investment in hotel tion network, people regard ment with its own property help bring forth huge profit. them as a stop-and-go place investment, instead of receving funding from government. Hong Kong Railway System was Before 1997, the British Government London is a fully urbanized and mainly developed from two big owned the possession of Hong Kong. developed city. Most of the companies, which is the MTRC and The first Railways (KCR deparment) KCRC. They both had relatively linear green spaces are presented as was developed by the Colonial Chan Ming 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171 morphological development. part ofTat the urban parks and Government in order to connect public gardens. Guangzhou and Hong Kong. During the merger, the overlapped
London Underground was nationalised in 1948 to be fully owned by the government. Therefore, the financial support is well secured even without much properties investment.
Plan to address threatened species and habitats and is designed to protect and restore biological systems. Since 1999, 1000 2000 5000 LU has been recording and managing trackside wildlife regarding to the action plan.
Political
The British Government is located in Westminster of London, the capital of the United Kingdom. The Government’s location also define the town center.
Mergers of Railways
Social
Economical
In 1994, United Kingdom
lauched its Biodiversity Action Development
8
City
Political
Depth from ground
Interchanged Stations
00
Redbridge
Hackney
Islington
Westminster
New Town
Residential
50m
Focus Developemt
Camden
Hammersmith Since 2005, The London & Fulham Underground plays classical music in problem station to reduce the crime rate
00
Residential
14
Kensington & Chelsea
Hammersmith & Fulham
of the total number of Districts
BUT
London 426
maximum length
Hillingdon
Function of Posters
New Town
Sea / River
Expansion of MDR and MR
Brent
Local Flight
Ealing
Commercial center
75%
16
Camden
Sub-surface Level
by the underground
escalators
Haringey
Waltham Forest
77.4%
24 Country Park 22 Special Area
Total Green Space Total Green Space Greater Than Almost Kowloon Bay Station
Queensway Station
Suburb
Commercial
Residential
50m
1856-1869
Harrow
Olympic Station
Kowloon Station
Scenic Uplands, Mountains, Forests, Marshes, Coastline
08
1860s-2014
most of the green areas within the district are not connected through.
60m
Barnet
11.9%
Independent Station
22.6%
4 Marine Parks almost 40% (of HK land mass) Parks, Square, Public Gardens, Cemeteries
00
Development Process 13 of Current Morphology Interchanged Stations 09 10 04 23 Form Network System Southgate Station 34 16 09 01 00 10 08 21 1 / 264 3 / 264 7 / 264 13 / 264 75 / 264 25 09 14 0.38% 2.65% 164.92% 28.4% 57.2% ‘please mind the gap’
10 / 84
65.5%
60 inch
Commercial Center
16
09
Ealing
Similarly, city center of London is defined by the location of its administrative and economical center. They are well-connected to the other boroughs, with the most stations in terms of density.
Hong Kong
. 5.5% is not connected
by the underground
14
w h n 218 m ac
Establishment of INDIVIDUAL Railways
55 / 84
22.6%
Distribution of Green Belts
Urban Parks, Geopark, Hong Kong Station Wetland Commercial Center
21
09
Since 33 Boroughs has its own government for policy making and
Hong Kong
Distribution of Station
Ta ff s uc u e Zona a e sys em
19 / 84
0%
* number of project invested over total number of regarding projects in Hong Kong
Under Governemnt Surveillance
Related Land-use
62.5%
Baker Street Station
Since development is restricted in Green, it gives limitation on MTR development.
Station - Exterior, Interior, Facilities
London
. 33.3% is not connected
Enfield
0 / 84
(HKD) of transport Profits
Independent Station
g nd
King’s Cross Station
G R O V E
of the total number of Boroughs
Houndslow
Bank Station
R N O S
34 Station in 16.7 Sqkm
$2.12B 40% 0% Situation0% 0%) Present ( 2000 - 2013 Public Transport Linear
5.30%
A
Distribution of Stations
Hong Kong
Luxury hotel Overivew of Morphology 0 / 84 0 / 84 0 / 84
14 / 264
1.14%
London
Station - Exterior, Interior, Facilities
2 Stops / 1 Sqkm
5%
London 13 / 264
Invertebrates
Present Situation ( 2000-2013 ) 0.38% 2.65% 4.92% 14 3 Amphibians 3 Network Mammals Reptiles
Later the MTR mainly developed their railways with Hong Kong economical and bussiness center.
Stations
Hong Kong
Shopping mall
Species in Green Space
Overivew of Morphology 538 1>500 / 264 3 42 / 264 7 / 264
During the merger, the overlapped developments were limited, hence, and the interchanged stations could be less while the circuit is still completed.
was with properties investment
Large-scale residential project
(HKD) of non- transport Profits
While MTR invested in the railway market. It started to connect the Afterwards, Hong Kong government has it clear blueprint on the new town development which railways followed.
Means of Payment
39 / 84
Investment ( respond to market share ) *
Profits
23
Redbridge
00 00 00
Barking & Dagen Fiam
5000
New territory has the world’s greatest green coverage. It is attributed by the fact that more than 40& of the Hong Kong land mass is protected for conservation and recreation. They are designated to be country parks. Urban areas made up less than 25% of the total Land.
Hong Kong Railway System was mainly developed from two big companies, which is the MTRC and KCRC. They both had relatively linear morphological development.
bussiness and admistrative centers.
03
Hong Kong
Investment and Management
1.4% Development Process of Current Morphology $3.55B Class-A office building Tickets Interchanged Stations
London
25
Westminster
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
Neighbourhood
trackside green space is located on
Piccadilly line, Metropolitan line, Central line
Private investment
of non- transport Profits
(Pound) of non- transport Profits
Under Governemnt Surveillance
70%
Management
$0
Development10% Process of Current Morphology green space
2000
Geographical
Economical
Before 1997, the British Government owned the possession of Hong Kong. The first Railways (KCR deparment) was developed by the Colonial Government in order to connect Guangzhou and Hong Kong.
London is a fully urbanized and developed city. Most of the green spaces are presented as part of the urban parks and public gardens.
Chan Ming Tat 1155002780 | Ip Yi Lok Ivy 1155004546 Lam Kin Kwan 1155002247 | Ng Yuen Yung Yuyu 1155016171
Act v t es n Stat on
Political
Geographical
Compared to Hong Kong, London’s Railways System was developed from numerious individual companies and City railways. They all tried to connect their district with the city center without any compromises.
Different City railways have tried to connect their district with the town center. Major developments afterwards are mostly concentrated at the center too.
1937-1947 Development towards New Towns
1000
Underground: London VS Hong Kong
70 mm
1900 - 1922 Development of New City Railways
60 inch
1870-1889 Expansion of MDR and MR
Establishment of INDIVIDUAL Railways
B
Croydon
Sutton
09 Historical City Tourism for all boroughs
1856-1869
ACADEMIC PROJECT
0
00
00
Airport
Focus Developemt
w
Lewisham
Merton
75%
Green Space
m
00
Lambeth
00
Kingston Upon Thames
New Town
New Town
Total Green Space Total Green Space Greater Than Almost
m
12
Wandsworth
02
Richmond Upon Thames
4 Marine Parks almost 40% (of HK land mass) Parks, Square, Public Gardens, Cemeteries
8
W
Po
ca
Econom ca
n
a ega deba e on
Compa ed o Hong ong ondon mo e agg e e on e co ag g peop e o e e O e ca d g ea d co n % on p pa d b o e ca d mp men ed O e ca p omo ed nce m ch e c e o ce a e needed o emp o ee can be a oca ed o he depa men
an a em a e a ad oca ed b he abo a adm a o o he G ea e ondon Co nc wa p on he co n a ona a e em and a e ca d wa mp men ed o a he a m o he a e
w
25
Umbrella Movement Mapping
PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
Umbrella Movement Mapping/ Workshop Project type: Mapping + Workshop Site: Admiralty/ Causeway Bay/ Mongkok Project year: 2014 Collaborator: Parallel Lab, Pauline Paradis My contribution: Exhibition Set-up, Mapping Records, Graphic Output The Umbrella Movement was a civic protest motivated by local citizens. Massive number of installations, functions and messages appeared to become means of protest and visible voices. This mapping aims to show the protest’s intrinsic organization and reveal how various districts are converted into meaningful public spaces.
PRACTICE WORK
Duckling Hill
PROFESSIONAL PROJECT
Duckling Hill Project type: Participatory Design/ Exhibition Project year: 2013- present Architect: Parallel Lab Client: Public/ Sai Kung District Council My contribution: Design development, publication drawings editting The aim of the project was to raise the public awareness on the conflict between government planning and the people’s need in matter of public space in Hong Kong. The project is a combination of student research, publication, participatory design process and exhibition. The research focused on both physical and metaphorical relationship the people had with the hill.
27
Sijiji Village
VOLUNTEER PROJECT
Sijiji Village Project type: Village Primary School Status: Completed Site: Sijiji Village, Sichuan, China Project year: 2014 Architect: AYA Arch, Beijing Other collaborators: Yang Xu, Zhu Jian Zhao, Li Tong Yi The architect attempted to use local materials for the construction of school. I was engaged with the project as a volunteer to supervise the construction. In face of the massive demolition of traditional houses, we submitted petitions and had interviews to raise the awareness. We also initiated measurement drawings of the traditional houses to further preserve the heritage.
VOLUNTEER WORK
PERSONAL/ HANDS ON PROJECTS
Ping Che Village
HANDS-ON PROJECT
Ping Che Village Project type: Place Making Experiement Project year: 2016 Site: Ping Che Village, Hong Kong Mediator: MaD/ Hour 25/ Assemble/ Villagers Client: Ping Che Villagers With the village ambience of Ping Che in mind, bamboo which can also be obtained locally is used as the major material for constructions. After hours of hard work, the beautiful and welcoming bamboo fence was successfully completed but it is not the end of the journey. Involvement of artists, architects, designers, and other participants start making the village a place that is meaningful to the collective. 29
Refugees Furniture Workshop
HANDS-ON PROJECT
Refugees x Furniture Project type: Furniture Workshop (Public x Refugees) Project year: 2015 Other collaborators: Justice Centre, Lui Hin Ying Elizabeth, Makerbay Contribution: Resourcing, simple furniture making tutorial
No one is more equal. This workshop is organized to raise the awareness to the unfair prejudice against refugees in Hong Kong by providing the refugees an opportunity to contribute to local society. Local citizens collaborated with refugees to produce foldable lapdesks that were made of recycled pallets. The desks were donated to local children from lower- income group.
PERSONAL/ HANDS ON PROJECTS
Handmade Bamboo Bikes
HANDS-ON PROJECT
Boocycle/Bamboo Bike Project type: Bicycle Business Project year: 2015-Present Position: Co- Founder With growing logistic and online shopping technology, the city’s values and way of life centred on consumerism have become more and more unhealthy and unsustainable. As a resistive force, we initiated workshops that assist interested participants to make their own bamboo bikes. The workshop includes tutorials from cutting and grinding bamboo to assembling the poles into a bike frame. Through the process, we aim to create space for partipants to realize the preciousness and enjoyment of DIY, and to build a consciousness on one’s consumption habit. 31
Selected Work
1
2011-2017
3
如欲報名或有任何疑問，歡迎私訊 Facebook Page: Boocycle
2
PERSONAL WORK
Graphic Designs A good visual presentation is much more efficient than words in such information explosion era. In the past few years, I have created numerous graphics for different agencies and myself for promotion or educational purposes. Aesthetic compositions, proportion, clarity of information and visual balance are taken into consideration in order to create successful visual communication tool. *All illustrations are original and produced by me unless specified.
4
若騎單車可譲人感到自由自在 那麼，造單車也可算是一種創造 自由的過程。
我們享受騎單車， 更享受手造單車的過程。
築單車是一個生活理念， 也是一個分享經驗和知識的平台。
歡迎你跟我們一起親手造車！
*
需提早七日預約
*
包車架，單車零件雖另外收費
朝九至晚七
*
手工竹單車工作坊
日期 每星期日 費用 三千二百元起 製作時間 九小時 : :
:
;
Graphic Design
PERSONAL/ HANDS ON PROJECTS
6
5
7
1/ Infograph Design for Liber Research Community 2/ Poster Design for my Thesis Project 3/ Illustration for Umbrella Movement Mapping [Collaboration: Parallel Lab, Pauline Paradis] 4/ Poster Design for “Boocycle� Bamboo Bike Project 5/ Poster Design for summer event for Parallel Lab 6/ Poster Design for Mapping Workshop [Collaboration: Parallel Lab] 7/ Infograph Design for Liber Research Community 33