YITONG YAO ARCHITECTURE + URBAN DESIGN WORK SAMPLE B. Arch | South China University of Technology | 2011 - 2016 M. UD | University of Michigan | 2016 - 2017
COVER 01 02 03 04 05 06
CONTENT
Cover
GRID SPACE
Representation of Caja Granada Savings Bank Mexico City, Mexico
01 - 08
CITY OF CITIES
Urban Design of the Ejido Land Xi’an, China
09 - 14
REBIRTH ON THE URBAN EDGE Edge House
Suzhou, China
15 - 20
PERMEATION & FUSION
Urban Design of Yi Garden Historical District Mexico City, Mexico
WEAVE
21 - 26
Walkable Energetic Affordable liVely Eco-friendly
Urban Design of Mexico City Airport District Guangzhou, China
27 - 30
URBAN CORRIDOR
Urban Design of Qinghe Market District Guangzhou, China
LIGHT-SCAPE
Interactive Wall Design
31 - 34
FROM INSIDE
THE SEGREGATION IN SANTA FE AR
01 | Urban Design of the Ejido Land
REA FROM ABOVE
CITY OF CITIES
Urban Design of the Ejido Land
01
Graduate Urban Design Studio 01 / 2017 - 04 / 2017 Mexico City, Mexico Area: 1,000m2 (0.25acre) Collaborators: Pedro Duhart Benavides Role in team: Pen Drawing, Concept Design, Masterplan Design, Perspectives, Map Collages, Section Perspective Advisor: McLain Clutter
Mexico City is a city made out of cities. It has forced its residents to co-exist through a complex social network of classes. The battlefield of urban space has involved a number of actors from the bottom of the urban economy to the high levels of governance. The poor and the rich, workers and gangs, farmers and officers occupy and use spaces in their own ways. Negotiations and conflicts exist at the same time. The city is in a chaotic balance. With the aim of breaking the social injustice brought by the capital gap, the project studies the social classes and the way they use space in Mexico City and tries to rebuild the social network.
Urban Design of the Ejido Land | 02
The site located in San Francisco Culhuacan, Mexico City. It used to be a piece of ejido land. In Mexican system an area of communal land used for agriculture, on which community members individually farm designated pa tain communal holdings. The study presented with the drawings below is the analysis of some of the most important actors involved in the Mexico City. This study reveals that all of them have certain urban tactics that deploy over ejidos land, in some since the ejido was conceived as communal land in 1917. All of this actors use their techniques under the inform realm of the normal, or legal. Where sometimes is because of a complex spider web of corruption between dev political parties, or in other cases, society’s idiosyncrasy is the one in charge of making it happen.
Yard | Worker/Servants...
The working class lives the decent social housing. They changes and occupy the available space with different everyday objects.
03 | Urban Design of the Ejido Land
Farmland | Farmer
The farmers use the acequia irrigation system to define the property boundary, promoting the process of urbanization.
Junk Yard | Gang
The Mexican society tolerates the spatial reproduction from the criminal activities. The stack of cars on ejido land is one of the ways.
Th in dw tu
m of government, an ejido is arcels and collectively main-
e process of city making in cases we can trace them mality’s radar, out side the velopers, municipalities and
Enclaved Park | The Rich
he high concentrations of capital n the fringes of the city allow the wellers to use premium infrastrucures and enjoy social resources.
Urban Design of the Ejido Land | 04
05 | Urban Design of the Ejido Land
New Development Way of the Ejido Land
1. Ejido Land
2. Elevated Highway
3. Building Frame
4. Actors
5. Interior Boundary
6. Exterior Boundary
During the decades of urban expansion and development, these ejido lands around the city have been transformed into urban land. The common communities and farmland are replaced by dense single-family houses and small open spaces. This project imagines a new development way of the ejido. The original ejidatarios sell air rights to the government and allow them to build the elevated highways above the land to solve the traffic congestion. These ejidatarios build building frames on the structure of road in order to get more profits. They sell the use rights of the ground floor while the tenant can live in the frame for free. Various actors come into the site. They use different ways to occupy, use and transform the ejido land. Urban Design of the Ejido Land | 06
LANDSCAPE
WATER
The long canals, tend to store the remains of the moving water, creating smaller water bodies along with them. The water system fosters the vegetation and trees like Jacarandas or Tabachines. These plants work as water cleaner, helping dwellers know the quality and quantity of water.
The acequia system works as a p supplier system on the site, they port water from the checkpoint water to people who can’t affo to go and pick water as part of
07 | Urban Design of the Ejido Land
part of the irrigation and water y use a canal structure to transts stations. This system will supply ord the water pipes and have their daily day life activities.
Section Perspective
Acequia System
TRANSPORTATION The acequia irrigation system not only provides irrigation purposes but also works as a small-scale informal road network. This network connects different communities thus increasing the social interaction inside of the site. The intersections always are the most contested points because of the multi-options. Urban Design of the Ejido Land | 08
09 | Edge House
Low-rise, Low Density Residence
Ba River
Farmland
High-rise, low Density Development
REBIRTH ON THE URBAN EDGE
Edge House
02
Personal Research and Design 07 / 2015 - 09 / 2015 Xi’an, China Area: 360m2 (0.09acre) Individual Work
Xi’an is located in the northwest of China. Surrounded by eight rivers, it has more than 3000 years of history as a city. Because of the rapid urbanization and the continuous declination of arable land, the government determines to restrict the urban expansion. A clear boundary has been identified to divide farmland and urban development land in 2014. As a result, many villagers who will become city dwellers are in an awkward position. They have farmed for several generations, however, will lose their farmland ultimately. How can architecture help them to adapt a new lifestyle?
Edge House | 10
The Renovation of a Traditional Dwelling Traditional Form
Arable Land Area
2002
2005
2009
2012
2015
8~12m
Spatial Elemen
20~35m (1yard/2yard) Tile
Living Area
2002
2005
2009
2012
2015
Current and Future Distribution of Resident’s Age n Tendency
Brick Second courtyard for lighting
Current C 0
16
11 | Edge House
25
35
4 45
55
65
75
First courtyard for cultivation
Communication space(semi-private)
g
First Floor
nts Reform
)
Cultivation courtyard
Living space
Privacy level
Sloping roof
Use bricks from old house to divide and guide space.
Ventilation corridor
Three Main Strategies
Courtyards with different functions
Avoid the western exposure
Eyecontact
Second Floor Edge House | 12
Record Memory
13 | Edge House
Create Green Space
Brick Wall
Courtyard | Green Corridor
This project keeps the bricks of owners’ old house, and rebuild them as interior walls. These brick walls divide and guide space, creating familiar and comfortable atmosphere. Dwellers can see and touch the rough texture which records the traces of life in the past.
This project designs three courtyards for cultivation, meditation and relax. These courtyards connected by the corridor can introduce the sunlight and improve the ventilation of the house, ensuring the comfortable living condition. The plants in the green corridor of the building side create a beautiful landscape and protect the privacy of dwellers.
Sunlight in summer
78.5
Connect to the Past Bay Window
Through the bay window with a special angle, dweller can see the Ba River and the field they used to farm for several generations. Every time they stand in front of the window, the view can recall the memory of farming and help them to adapt to the life in the new environment gradually.
Edge House | 14
15 | Urban Design of Yi Garden Historical District
PERMEATION & FUSION
Urban Design of Yi Garden Historical District
03
International Workshop 11 / 2014 - 12 / 2014 Suzhou, China Area: 4800 m2 (1.19acre) Individual Work Advisors: Fangji Wang, Shinichi Okuyama
The old district is located in the center of Suzhou, China. The scale of the neighborhood is comfortable and the pedestrian networks are reasonable. However, in recent years, the area of the old district has decreased a lot and the fabric has been destroyed due to the expansion of the new district. Rather than being destroyed by the ideals of a modern city, the traditional district should find a way to integrate itself with the modern culture. Emphasizing on some of the traditional values like the scale of the architecture and the distribution of public space, the project tries to advance the living conditions of local dwellers and promote traditional culture.
Urban Design of Yi Garden Historical District | 16
Interweave of Lives in the Old City and the Mod Library Tea House Chess & Card Room Playground Open Stage Children Center Handcraft Workshop Traditional Dwelling Apartment Rental House
Old District
Gallery Square Outdoor Exhibition Souvenir Shop Ticket Cafe
Com
Suzhou
Modern Hotel B&B
Hotel Family Hotel
Restaurant Retail Market Grocery
New District
Commerce CVS
Mixed-use Development
Building Typology 15m 50m
3m 4m 5m 8m 4m
3m 4m
4m 7m
12m
8m 8m 4m
4m 7m
12m
18m 12m
5m
Apartment + Commerce
4m
15m
Traditional Dwelling + Commerce
17 | Urban Design of Yi Garden Historical District
Traditional Dwelling + Hotel
30m
Family Workshop + Hotel
12m
dern City
Texture (20mx20m) Community Center
Old District Club
Residence
Museum mmunity Activity New District
u Embroider Center
Strategy
t Current Situation Expand the Influence Mutual Permeation of Old District
Mix Together
Current Situation
Sectorization
Process
15m
35m
Family Workshop + Community Center + Museum
Move Move Tear Down Tear Down Retrofit Retrofit Reserve Resere
Pedestrian System
Open Space
Open enSpaces a e
Museum M se Community o nit Rooms Roo Residence Resi en e Other t erFunctions n tions
Urban Design of Yi Garden Historical District | 18
1
1
1 1
1
8:00
Old people get up early to exercise in the central green park. In the morning market, residents can buy breakfast and fresh food produce. These small groceries and restaurants are managed by local residents.
2
Visitor Local Dweller
1
1
1 1
1
1
14:00
2
1
19 | Urban Design of Yi Garden Historical District
In the afternoon, the open stage attracts many young people to dance and perform. Also, this stage is used for outdoor exhibition at some special dates. Dwellers take part in various activities in the community centers; visitors can also join and interact with them.
1
1
1 1
1
12:00
The traditional art museum attracts many people. Not only can visitors appreciate the traditional musical instruments, but also watch live performances. In the Suzhou Embroidery Center, visitors can see many delicate handcrafts, study basic techniques and buy some embroidery products.
20:00
After dinner, dwellers can take a walk or sit on the lawn, the big green space creates a comfortable environment. Some of the visitors hope to stay here for several days; they can choose to stay in hotels or B&Bs with local people.
2
1
1
1 1
1
2
1
1
Skyline Analysis
Urban Design of Yi Garden Historical District | 20
21 | Urban Design of Mexico City Airport
Walkable Energetic Affordable liVely Eco-friendly
WEAVE
Urban Design of Mexico City Airport District
04
Graduate Urban Design Studio 09 / 2016 - 12 / 2016 Mexico City, Mexico Area: 6,860,000m2 (1,700acre) Individual Work Advisor: Juan Manuel Rois
During the last several decades, Mexico City has experienced rapid urbanization. With exponential population growth, low-rise residential buildings have spread and occupied a vast majority of the urban land, giving rise to a development mode of “low density, less open space”. It is impractical to create huge and centralized parks in this existing urban fabric. Therefore, with the concept of “WEAVE”, this project creates a multi-layered green system. It is an integrated network of green alleys, greenways, parkways, and parks. These green spaces distribute across the high-density site systematically and evenly, improving living conditions and land value of the neighborhood. Ultimately, the development mode will convert to “high density, more open space”.
Urban Design of Mexico City Airport | 22
Representative Blocks Design Guidelines Blocks around the Main Park 10-15 stories Retail: 1-3 stories
Retail Green space
Metrics: Coverage: 57% FAR: 4.89
-Linear open s -Green space -Road networ -Buildings: hig -Mixed use: b
Metrics: Coverage: 37% FAR: 2.12 Housing units: 250 Inhabitants: 875 People density: 640 person/ha
-Linear open s -Road networ -Buildings: me -Mixed use: re
Metrics: Coverage: 48% FAR: 1.46 Housing units: 134 Inhabitants: 469 People density: 343 person/ha
-Linear open s -Green space -Road networ -Buildings: low -Mixed use: re
Blocks along the Parkway Single-family house: 2-3 stories
Apartment: 7-10 stories
1-3 stories Retail: 1-2 stories
Residence Retail Green space
Apartment: 4-6 stories
Blocks next to the Community Park Apartment: 7-10 stories Apartment: 4-6 stories
Residence Retail Green space
23 | Urban Design of Mexico City Airport
Single-family house: 1-3 stories
1-3 stories
space: green way + parkway e: city park / local park rk: local street + alley gher height | medium density business + retail
space: streetscape + green way rk: local street + parkway + alley edium height and lower density esidence + retail
space: green way e: community parks rk: local street + alley wer height and small lot esidence + small retail
Objectives Site Area: 686 ha Expected Population: 200,000 Average People Density: 292 person/ha Distribution of Open Space/person: 9 m2/person Expected Area of Open Space: 180 ha Minimum Ratio of Open Space: 26% Objective Ratio of Open Space: 40% People Density of Residential Area: 486 person/ha
Park Design Guidelines
40%
City Park Target: the whole city Location: central area Connection: parkway local street Area: ≼ 40% of each sector Zoning: business & commercial area
20%
20%
10%
10%
Local Park Target: urban sector Location: the distance between two local parks should less than 300m Connection: parkway local street Area: 20% of each sector Zoning: residential area / public facilities
Community Park
10%
10%
Target: community Location: the corner or the center of blocks Connection: green way Area: 10% of each sector Zoning: residential area Urban Design of Mexico City Airport | 24
Linear System Design Guidelines Main Road
Green Way
3m
3m
9m
2m
9m
3m
3m
3m
Parkway
37m
3m
12m
Local Road
Alley
3m
25 | Urban Design of Mexico City Airport
3m
6m
2m
6m
3m
3m
6m
6m
3m
Implementation Strategies Phase I
12m
1-5 years
3m
1. Develop the two crossed main roads. The new roads across the entire site and connect the site with the surrounding existing highways and urban streets. 2. Build the main parks near the intersection of two main roads, in order to create a better environment, increase land value and attract developers. These parks connected by parkways will become part of the future green system. 3. Build the first business district near the intersection. The mixed-use retail and office buildings will provide job opportunities and potentially attract consumers.
Phase II
1.5m
6m
1.5m
6-15 years
1. Introduce neighborhood to the site. The residential blocks provide two choices of dwelling, including apartment and single-family house. The rent of retail can reduce the price of houses, and convert part of the single-family houses to affordable housing opportunities. 2. Develop several new main roads and local streets to connect the site with the original entrances of the airport; 3. Extend the green system to the neighborhood. Public facilities will also be built next to parks. The retail along the street will benefit from the streetscape and pedestrian system.
Phase III
16-30 years
1. Complete the multi-layer system including the green space and road network. With the integration of the whole system, the consumption of residents driving the development of business and commercial district, in verse, the rents and profits of retail can help to maintain the open space. 2. Permeate the green space system into existing urban fabric in order to have a positive effect on the surrounding neighborhood. Urban Design of Mexico City Airport | 26
27 | Urban Design of Qinghe Market District
URBAN CORRIDOR
Urban Design of Qinghe Market District
05
Undergraduate Urban Design Studio 03 / 2014 - 05 / 2014 Guangzhou, China Area: 825,900 m2 (204acre) Collaborators: Zeyue Yao, Junxi Wu, Bilin Chen, Hewen Jiang, Yining Ying Role in team: Concept Development, Industrial Rennovation, Master plan Design, Hand Drawing Adivisors: Yimin Sun, Yigang Zhou
Market structure has changed a lot after the 30 years urbanization since “Reform and open� policy. Old city renovation has become an important way to seek breakthrough of land resource and urban development. Reconstruction of old villages, towns, and factories lead to new developing opportunities for regional industry and enterprise. This district is composed of Shigang East Village, Industrial District, and Qinghe Market. With the aim of upgrading the Qinghe Market, the project investigates the population, economy, and culture of this area, and employs a series of design strategies to improve the environment and landscape. It also tries to provide more job opportunities for villagers and to increase the influence of the market.
Urban Design of Qinghe Market District | 28
The Scope of Qinghe Market Radiation
Road Network & Traffic Nodes
Q
Operation A Shigang East Village
Function Retail Office
Wholesale Logistics Gross
Industrial District
5000
Qinghe Market 0
od afo Se
it Fru ble ta ge Ve
GOALS: Improve the living conditions of villagers Provide more job opportunities Increase the land value and influence Elimate the fire risk Improve the community connectivity Protect and promote traditional market “Xu“
Rent
Public spac main axis o venir shops letting peop and art in th
29 | Urban Design of Qinghe Market District
The upgrad cal villagers redevelopm
Qinghe Market
Shigang East Village (Data of 2013)
The registered population: 2623 Households: 824 Floating population: 17761
Area
e
Areaďźˆm2
- Live in for more than six months: 13799 - Live in for less than six months: 3962
38773 2010
Use pattern
59642
Rental 18%
35900
Building
Vacant 2%
136325
Private use 80%
Population composition Registered population 2%
Pedestrian System
n ze ct Fro odu pr
ery oc Gr ity od mm & ty co ing ial on ec as sp Se cal Lo
at Me & ry ult ck Po esto Liv d
Floating population 80%
Landscape
Block
Open Space
ces with different themes distribute along the of the site. Theaters, museums, restaurants, souand galleries attract visitors and developers, ple experience the traditional market, culture, hese places.
ded market provides job opportunities for los and increases the land value, leading to the ment of this district.
Road Network Urban Design of Qinghe Market District | 30
31 | Interactive Wall Design
LIGHT-SCAPE
Interactive Wall Design
06
“Form and Function” Guangzhou College Students Construction Competition | Winning Prize 12 / 2012 Guangzhou, China Size: 3mx2.5mx0.2m Collaborators: Jian Zhu, Yifu Wu, Qishen Dong, Hongxuan Zeng Role in Team: Team Leader | Concept Design, Structure Design, Perspectives, Phisical model construction, Photos
“Form follows function.” This well-known phrase was brought up by Louis H. Sullivan in 1896. Initially, it was the starting point of the consideration of ornament and structure. However, sometimes it was misinterpreted as that function is the only determinant of form. What if various forms can define a specific function of a building or a structure? Inspired by the cellular structure, this device is a collective of regular hexagonal prism units. It can percept human activities by infrared sensors, changing according to the light and human behaviors. With the rotation of fans, the device can create beautiful light effects. In this design, light is a carrier of the communication and resonance between construction and spirit.
Interactive Wall Design | 32
Protect privacy when no one in the room
Rotate accor Open when people pass by
INSIDE
Intelligent Lighting System
Improve the
Side of Building
mon s
33 | Interactive Wall Design
Through repeating and stacking non-functional hexagonal prism units, this structure becomes a complementary one which has the specific function. Form not only follows and realizes the function, but also helps to create the spiritual space.
rding to people’s behavior
This structure was located at the courtyard of the School of Architecture building in South China University of Technology. It attracted many students and visitors from different schools to experience the “lightscape“ in person.
Tessellation
Material Analysis Low-e Glass Wooden Keel OSB Panels Lightweight Plank
OUTSIDE
Aluminum Alloy Panel (Sun shade)
e Urban Negative Street 1.14r
r
Combining Scheme
1.
2.
Details Design
Interaction
Infrared transducer
Luminous intensity sensor
notonous street
1.41r
Detail of Component
Detail of Connection Interactive Wall Design | 34
APPENDIX Physical Model
From Whole to Whole
Guangzhou College Students Construction Competition | Third Prize 12 / 2014 Guangzhou, China Team Work Collaborators: Linshu Yang, Zhiwei Liu, Yu Lu, Yeli Liu
Survey and Mapping Practice
Traditional dwelling No.22, Fengyuanzheng Street, Guangzhou, China