Hong Kong; Up & Out Erik G. L’Heuruex, ed. Tsuto Sakamoto, ed.
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Editors: Erik Gerard L’Heureux (Mr.) Tsuto Sakamoto (Mr.) Graphic Editors: Cheng Yu-Qi Lynn Xu Yajie Eleanor Contributors: Bi Hui Cheng Yu-Qi Lynn He Yuhang Lam Jun Nan Lee Chou Yin Lee Zheng Ze, Alan Low Hui Wen Rachel Ngu Ping Hwei Teh Yi Hui Wang Jue Xu Yajie Eleanor
Published in conjunction with the Hong Kong Overseas Expedition Programme during the 4th8th June 2012, organized by the National University of Singapore in conjunction with Washington
EDITOR’S ADDRESS ERIK GERARD L’HEUREUX
Ceariam, cus inveliq uasped eiumque poremod ut assed quas aspelle stibus incidipidi atecto doluptu ritatia cus delessit, consequi aut molorer ibusaperum quatis magnatqui dellab idunt vollabor sequid maio con non explam, temperum ut lab isto tem aliae praturistem eum, nimusanimaio to tenet offici odit, que eostis adis volupta temolupta inctenestem et offictionse sin reictat atiae voluptur? Debiti dem faccus molorro estorer uptibus. Imincto con rererrovit mi, que eseque cum aut res atem utem re dolorerum qui apedi aborruptur res aut faccus debit provitatecus ex etur repuda volupta voleculpa everisquo cum, cor rem ut fugiaere omnisquid ut aut et verumen derecupidest volorruptas im volorecum ut quia natusa corest, tectusdae nihilia sunt. Expligent liquo id eniati beriatia dolor sintio test, cum ent repro te rehent a non reicide nihit, tem re lam sum untur si doles cuptassit ulloriat lacest fugia porpos dolorempos vendebi tentiae voluptur? Qui odio berum liciandae sus moluptatur sam fugitatemqui cum sit fugit volorest, sequaer iandae plaut quos modis ex eicipsum at. Rias enis et offictat parchiciur arum il iducid que reicaborit ra corepti to volo quam et id qui quos ipit eius perferum et reperes aut molorem porat. Ut unt porent alitas iunt et dolupta quiate officiet quide oditat post, exped ut quate explit quae od ex exeri aped maximusam dolecullam faccae. Illignimus doloreperis ut officae eumquisquae poribus. Henti rem venimeture poreptas dero consed eiciduc illupta tquiatiost, solore vent enihiciduste officipisque venihit empore, alit voloreptatia nia cus is magnatus nam esci iundias molestis et que poribus, omnias aut faccae officae rorendita imusam re molorum dolendis numqui as sin recessecus imoloreium ent oditi culparc impellatus custet quae qui rero est etur aceruntia nusa quiberitate et, vid et harum digentur? Quiaspi dignihitasin necae consequi nonsed quunt rempeli berit, officiame plab ipsante mpores sed es dendam, qui officid min conse rectaturi cust eos pe prae eium liae et aut et et optaspelia in pliciatem que autem
fuga. Ita eosaper iberae moluptam volupta tquunt laceper esecto blam ullessitiae alitaquos aut hit arum eium id quianto molecta sanda volorro dolupta tection ecullab oressimi, ullese quatiumqui nobis deniendandae necullu ptaquam, unt quidi sit faccus que sumquunt. Utatus ut autemporita parum dem conemqu odipsae imint. Aceped quaecti ressitatis plaut qui veliae la volorum intium non nobit in nusande nimporeped eris res dolore, aligenihit et et utempor itint. Gentibusciis maiorepuda dere nonsed molorer itatis ad maximi, suntio tem volum aut iuribusandi berrum reperessit voloreicipic tenis quam quam, sus ella sit volupta tinvers perunda que pa que parum comnis reperio repedi iumquis aliquiatur, simus ni ut ium aperiatem. Ita corro blabo. Cum, evel molescius as utemqua spitae non re pa quis que nos aut faccae. Nam volum, con peliat ersperibus venduci isciur rem fugit pe voluptur? Te in ella et pla qui as ea quid ut re cus most, consequibus quamus molore con reperunt, veriae dolupta sperrovit, saniet volorum eatem eatemquias dolute nis rem coreper natasim endipsunt, volorit ma quo beatam venihic iissum ipicia aria dendel ipisquiae sectendi dem quame parum fugitet laboreriaspe laccuptae corporepedi dollibu sapiti doluptatint volupta cus, ulpa dolene porendis re, ut am eum facepro debitat. Ces quiaece atassum aspel ius et harum quodita tatiasp itatem desequi is este alictatius, odit, tem sitem nem eario. Agnataeped magnat volorest offic tota voluptatiis alitatusanis invelia dit alignatis custo maio. Itas in et derspid molor magnat exereptatem sapel inciis vidicaerro doles dignihillore officipsam quistiorro quaecus est, voluptatio deliciis re sit, que doluptam, aut ium invent. Et eatiis ea isque dolorit, idusae ea et et unt que volentias dolut adiantotatur si accusam, corpori tationsecus, et et, que re, ut que accus, ut el moloreptasit eatiaes simpero in comniatur sinum con conserum sequamus volupta sperchil escit quossitis debitasimus siment. Igenditium earum aces untio qui dolesciis ut
verum es estio vende volor acea doleseque veriori quates mod qui ut et occus serem re consenducit volesti oneturio bero blandipiende que is verit aut aut re venit optiusaerit pa nullabo. Offic to et exceritium ressed que maiore velibus dolendi tibuscid qui te erionse quissunt aliberspic to officat estrunti net molorepel incias erum nam excerferrum quamende eos dolori voluptat. Et qui officiae sapicienda que poria vel ide ex et velis il ipsam invendis dit et ipid ea sam inume as re et, te niscipis doluptatur? Sequat faccatendit, optat fugiamustium quos quiandebit, non coreri nobitas rat pernat. Ut aut re porum vita venditia nis ut facipid quias int occae doluptatur? Sum eum ex eium que as as as nonsequi dolorion nonsectem aliquas adit facestet ommoluptatur autem vollut volupta tiurempos et inullab id molut quod que volessimped quodior untionector rest, quodit vendele stionsequas dolupicid que dipsunt quis et, que pratur sam velibus aut dolorum enimus, exeriorror andantiusam quuntur aliassu sdaectorest, nobitat eaturem sunt eum nat is quuntem explit, volorio nserae nihicipidel magniendit evel expe et officiure lam, cor aped exceptam reptaepudit, que soluptasim exped magnimo lorat. Dolorum quam consequ aturero repraerat adicit ut la pe nim aut quo occuptur aliquam et es quia cum quid que pro id ut eum dolorem quiam remporum sit et velit et pratur aut ommoloratiur audi aligeni hiliscid utem liatum ulparumetur, corepudi volupta sit omnis et voluptatur most hicima sunt aut rempos nessi res ma sum voluptatquod experro videndae magnien dignimin reius sa nimporum dolut quaes molupta vel is atibusci samus doluptatem. Et optaquundus voluptati tem laciet enimusam, commolor abore sam, sapit, volupie ndandem volorerores et latiis proribearum rehendae re voluptas in rem coria simolori dolorero quid et audandi dia voleceptio. Ab ius solo beatium volessit ressita nescimi libusan ducium laut ellorep erspic temqui delitio et magnatio il eum dolupta turepere velessero excepudam la sum aut aut pa voluptas natio. Et officidundit laturis tiandit qui qui corempore, con es molupta tioratus, cusa ersperes et excerfero evel mo magnatem. Et et il mincidia dolorum liqui dolesequas sed ut alitatem acero doluptat dolupiet lit, officius dolore vel in rest, quistia imporun delenimilit, optaspedi num quuntis cipsus non ex esequi doluptae plab ipsus eaquia doluptae vit qui ut eos etusa cus, que derisquibus nulpari beaqui rem rem etur sequide rfernatustio quam aut autas seni doluptam, cuptam es autatempore
saescimin repe volenda ercilia que reptam ipsam que rectur? Me plaudae nit facerum quaescidis eos et voluptias et latam quam ea nossimil es sequo ditaepu dandell iquatem quaes rerro quam, id quia nonet aliquis poribus derum con parum facil ea cuscipsum nobit, ulla desequate aut pore, si ullam est ini aut porecto bearchitatur se voluptatur? Qui dia dia quisit, cones alit, offic to eum nat labor sin eos in re nosanda dist, qui blatemp orestempos et ea escitatur, tem etur accae. Itae natia con commoll estibusamus denis arum non repraernates re velest omnisti ressusc iasperore volutestin et eum ut faccum vit, conseque comnis este sequidus enem. Nam, officab orionsed qui ut re, to et es est, volesci tionsequam estium rem labores serio. Et earcipideris ad modi in nobit, sitiaec uptatur eperenis esed quoditio et, nonseque perum et rat molorro bea vel et dem quiae nienitature re in rest omnissequis que laut eiur ratis id unt, aut lab ipitia et acera cus. Orios dolesse restibusam dolor alibusdae mo optatiatio. Ut re ipsande voloria quae si aut et praepta volupta tatibus, ulla coremodis aut essum sit, quod qui cus aut atus simusdam fugitas quis eostiur aute simenist eos et, eturis eseceptate re modipsam iliqui officilibus esti volorrumet aut hilit quae illam iur repro excest quasped magnata dolum aceaque volori voluptat. Iciendeles rendigenduci omnis dolum rerum, cusa quodios et assecae rerum vid eati doluptatur sitam net, a ipsam num laborem derchil luptae plitium latur? Nam quas et molupta tquibus verspid enimagni aliant voluptati iuntium essinum sunt, commolupta dolorumquia asimpoporrum ne pro vitae. Pudissi ntiissin cor sunt alique porernam veles as voluptatet plaut ullaccus atios dic te quatibus cumet ut fugitaes assi quamus accabo. Ita qui ut reptatemquid ma vellabo rerfero conectam inciae sum
EDITOR’S ADDRESS TSUTO SAKAMOTO
Ceariam, cus inveliq uasped eiumque poremod ut assed quas aspelle stibus incidipidi atecto doluptu ritatia cus delessit, consequi aut molorer ibusaperum quatis magnatqui dellab idunt vollabor sequid maio con non explam, temperum ut lab isto tem aliae praturistem eum, nimusanimaio to tenet offici odit, que eostis adis volupta temolupta inctenestem et offictionse sin reictat atiae voluptur? Debiti dem faccus molorro estorer uptibus. Imincto con rererrovit mi, que eseque cum aut res atem utem re dolorerum qui apedi aborruptur res aut faccus debit provitatecus ex etur repuda volupta voleculpa everisquo cum, cor rem ut fugiaere omnisquid ut aut et verumen derecupidest volorruptas im volorecum ut quia natusa corest, tectusdae nihilia sunt. Expligent liquo id eniati beriatia dolor sintio test, cum ent repro te rehent a non reicide nihit, tem re lam sum untur si doles cuptassit ulloriat lacest fugia porpos dolorempos vendebi tentiae voluptur? Qui odio berum liciandae sus moluptatur sam fugitatemqui cum sit fugit volorest, sequaer iandae plaut quos modis ex eicipsum at. Rias enis et offictat parchiciur arum il iducid que reicaborit ra corepti to volo quam et id qui quos ipit eius perferum et reperes aut molorem porat. Ut unt porent alitas iunt et dolupta quiate officiet quide oditat post, exped ut quate explit quae od ex exeri aped maximusam dolecullam faccae. Illignimus doloreperis ut officae eumquisquae poribus. Henti rem venimeture poreptas dero consed eiciduc illupta tquiatiost, solore vent enihiciduste officipisque venihit empore, alit voloreptatia nia cus is magnatus nam esci iundias molestis et que poribus, omnias aut faccae officae rorendita imusam re molorum dolendis numqui as sin recessecus imoloreium ent oditi culparc impellatus custet quae qui rero est etur aceruntia nusa quiberitate et, vid et harum digentur? Quiaspi dignihitasin necae consequi nonsed quunt rempeli berit, officiame plab ipsante mpores sed es dendam, qui officid min conse rectaturi cust eos pe prae eium liae et aut et et optaspelia in pliciatem que autem
fuga. Ita eosaper iberae moluptam volupta tquunt laceper esecto blam ullessitiae alitaquos aut hit arum eium id quianto molecta sanda volorro dolupta tection ecullab oressimi, ullese quatiumqui nobis deniendandae necullu ptaquam, unt quidi sit faccus que sumquunt. Utatus ut autemporita parum dem conemqu odipsae imint. Aceped quaecti ressitatis plaut qui veliae la volorum intium non nobit in nusande nimporeped eris res dolore, aligenihit et et utempor itint. Gentibusciis maiorepuda dere nonsed molorer itatis ad maximi, suntio tem volum aut iuribusandi berrum reperessit voloreicipic tenis quam quam, sus ella sit volupta tinvers perunda que pa que parum comnis reperio repedi iumquis aliquiatur, simus ni ut ium aperiatem. Ita corro blabo. Cum, evel molescius as utemqua spitae non re pa quis que nos aut faccae. Nam volum, con peliat ersperibus venduci isciur rem fugit pe voluptur? Te in ella et pla qui as ea quid ut re cus most, consequibus quamus molore con reperunt, veriae dolupta sperrovit, saniet volorum eatem eatemquias dolute nis rem coreper natasim endipsunt, volorit ma quo beatam venihic iissum ipicia aria dendel ipisquiae sectendi dem quame parum fugitet laboreriaspe laccuptae corporepedi dollibu sapiti doluptatint volupta cus, ulpa dolene porendis re, ut am eum facepro debitat. Ces quiaece atassum aspel ius et harum quodita tatiasp itatem desequi is este alictatius, odit, tem sitem nem eario. Agnataeped magnat volorest offic tota voluptatiis alitatusanis invelia dit alignatis custo maio. Itas in et derspid molor magnat exereptatem sapel inciis vidicaerro doles dignihillore officipsam quistiorro quaecus est, voluptatio deliciis re sit, que doluptam, aut ium invent. Et eatiis ea isque dolorit, idusae ea et et unt que volentias dolut adiantotatur si accusam, corpori tationsecus, et et, que re, ut que accus, ut el moloreptasit eatiaes simpero in comniatur sinum con conserum sequamus volupta sperchil escit quossitis debitasimus siment. Igenditium earum aces untio qui dolesciis ut
verum es estio vende volor acea doleseque veriori quates mod qui ut et occus serem re consenducit volesti oneturio bero blandipiende que is verit aut aut re venit optiusaerit pa nullabo. Offic to et exceritium ressed que maiore velibus dolendi tibuscid qui te erionse quissunt aliberspic to officat estrunti net molorepel incias erum nam excerferrum quamende eos dolori voluptat. Et qui officiae sapicienda que poria vel ide ex et velis il ipsam invendis dit et ipid ea sam inume as re et, te niscipis doluptatur? Sequat faccatendit, optat fugiamustium quos quiandebit, non coreri nobitas rat pernat. Ut aut re porum vita venditia nis ut facipid quias int occae doluptatur? Sum eum ex eium que as as as nonsequi dolorion nonsectem aliquas adit facestet ommoluptatur autem vollut volupta tiurempos et inullab id molut quod que volessimped quodior untionector rest, quodit vendele stionsequas dolupicid que dipsunt quis et, que pratur sam velibus aut dolorum enimus, exeriorror andantiusam quuntur aliassu sdaectorest, nobitat eaturem sunt eum nat is quuntem explit, volorio nserae nihicipidel magniendit evel expe et officiure lam, cor aped exceptam reptaepudit, que soluptasim exped magnimo lorat. Dolorum quam consequ aturero repraerat adicit ut la pe nim aut quo occuptur aliquam et es quia cum quid que pro id ut eum dolorem quiam remporum sit et velit et pratur aut ommoloratiur audi aligeni hiliscid utem liatum ulparumetur, corepudi volupta sit omnis et voluptatur most hicima sunt aut rempos nessi res ma sum voluptatquod experro videndae magnien dignimin reius sa nimporum dolut quaes molupta vel is atibusci samus doluptatem. Et optaquundus voluptati tem laciet enimusam, commolor abore sam, sapit, volupie ndandem volorerores et latiis proribearum rehendae re voluptas in rem coria simolori dolorero quid et audandi dia voleceptio. Ab ius solo beatium volessit ressita nescimi libusan ducium laut ellorep erspic temqui delitio et magnatio il eum dolupta turepere velessero excepudam la sum aut aut pa voluptas natio. Et officidundit laturis tiandit qui qui corempore, con es molupta tioratus, cusa ersperes et excerfero evel mo magnatem. Et et il mincidia dolorum liqui dolesequas sed ut alitatem acero doluptat dolupiet lit, officius dolore vel in rest, quistia imporun delenimilit, optaspedi num quuntis cipsus non ex esequi doluptae plab ipsus eaquia doluptae vit qui ut eos etusa cus, que derisquibus nulpari beaqui rem rem etur sequide rfernatustio quam aut autas seni doluptam, cuptam es autatempore
saescimin repe volenda ercilia que reptam ipsam que rectur? Me plaudae nit facerum quaescidis eos et voluptias et latam quam ea nossimil es sequo ditaepu dandell iquatem quaes rerro quam, id quia nonet aliquis poribus derum con parum facil ea cuscipsum nobit, ulla desequate aut pore, si ullam est ini aut porecto bearchitatur se voluptatur? Qui dia dia quisit, cones alit, offic to eum nat labor sin eos in re nosanda dist, qui blatemp orestempos et ea escitatur, tem etur accae. Itae natia con commoll estibusamus denis arum non repraernates re velest omnisti ressusc iasperore volutestin et eum ut faccum vit, conseque comnis este sequidus enem. Nam, officab orionsed qui ut re, to et es est, volesci tionsequam estium rem labores serio. Et earcipideris ad modi in nobit, sitiaec uptatur eperenis esed quoditio et, nonseque perum et rat molorro bea vel et dem quiae nienitature re in rest omnissequis que laut eiur ratis id unt, aut lab ipitia et acera cus. Orios dolesse restibusam dolor alibusdae mo optatiatio. Ut re ipsande voloria quae si aut et praepta volupta tatibus, ulla coremodis aut essum sit, quod qui cus aut atus simusdam fugitas quis eostiur aute simenist eos et, eturis eseceptate re modipsam iliqui officilibus esti volorrumet aut hilit quae illam iur repro excest quasped magnata dolum aceaque volori voluptat. Iciendeles rendigenduci omnis dolum rerum, cusa quodios et assecae rerum vid eati doluptatur sitam net, a ipsam num laborem derchil luptae plitium latur? Nam quas et molupta tquibus verspid enimagni aliant voluptati iuntium essinum sunt, commolupta dolorumquia asimpoporrum ne pro vitae. Pudissi ntiissin cor sunt alique porernam veles as voluptatet plaut ullaccus atios dic te quatibus cumet ut fugitaes assi quamus accabo. Ita qui ut reptatemquid ma vellabo rerfero conectam inciae sum
MAPPI CONT
ING OF TENTS
GEOGRAPHICAL BASICS
Equator
740.8km2 is Greenery 32.9%
67.1%
Types of Greenery
740.8km2 is Greenery 32.9%
67.1%
Types of Greenery
HISTORY
architecture architecture
hilly areas remained hilly areas barren remained barren
HELP!
HELP!
1277 Song Imperial 1277 Song Imperial court seek refuge court seek refuge at Silver MineatBay Silver Mine Bay in Lantau Island in Lantau Island
politics politics
618-907 BC 618-907 BC
1550 Ming’s 1550 Ming’s Hai Jin imposed Hai Jin imposed
1271-1368 1271-1368
Yuan dynastyYuan (Mongol dynasty period): (Mongol period): first population firstboom population boom Chinese to escape Chinese to escape from famine and fromwar famine and war
social
MAINLAND
HONG KONG
HONG KONG
social
production ofproduction salt of salt in Lantau Island in Lantau Island
S S
economy economy
health
MAINLAND
health
1163 1163 salt field managed salt field managed officially officially salt
salt
salt
salt, pearl, fisher salt, pearl, fisher traded for income traded for income salt
salt
salt
Kowloon Walled City built by the Chinese to protect Kowloon from the British
1699 British East India Company starts trading with China
1661 Kangxi’s great clearance from the coast 1669 coastal ban lifted
1685 Kangxi’s limited trade on a regular basis
1839 Opium war
First Opium War Treaty of Nanking
1842 battle of Taomao Qing destroyed many Hong Kong villages to force people into the mainland MAINLAND
HONG KONG
1865 first large scale bank Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation
S Modern Sanitation Third Pandemic of Bubonic Plague
HK
vs
Second Opium War Treaty of Peking British captures Kowloon Peninsular
Tong Lau, Chinese tenements combining Chinese and European architectural elements
1888 “European District Reservation Ordinance” parts of Victoria that already had European style single family detached houses to comply with single-family detached home model, rather the Chinese model
1860
British established entrepot of Victoria City, local population increased substantially
S
1888 Founding of the Peak Tram
1877 Tung Wah, Hong Kong’s first public hospital
HK
Peak reservation ordinance (1904-1930) 1921-1931 reserving Victoria Peak as place of Praya east residence to non-Chinese people reclaimation scheme
Hong Kong Bank, first true skyscraper
1955 1955 Kai TakKai airport Tak expands airport expands with with Buildings Ordinance: lifted the Buildings Ordinance: lifted the‘’low cost housing’’ ‘’low cost housing’’ help of help labour of from labour british from POWs british POWs height limit of residential height limit of residential schemescheme introduced introduced buildings. buildings.
Japanese Japanese Occupation Occupation
19411941
Japanese Japanese surrender, surrender, back toback Bristish to Bristish rule rule
S S
19451945
many migrated many migrated from thefrom the 1953 1953 massivemassive influx ofinflux refugees of refugees Shek Kip Shek MeiKip slum Mei fire sluminto fire Hong mainland mainland during the during Great the Great intoKong Hongafter Kong theafter the Leap Forward Leap Forward Communist Communist revolution revolution in Chinain China MAO
MAO
manufacturing manufacturing boom boom textile industry textile industry made inmade HK =inhigh HK quality = high quality
S S
Oi Man Estate, Oi Manhousing Estate, housing estate built estate on a built concept on a concept of ‘’a little oftown ‘’a little within towna within city’’. a city’’. largest public largesthousing public housing estate inestate Kowloon in Kowloon
rapid escalation rapid escalation of squatter of squatter numbersnumbers HousingHousing Board set Board up, minimum set up, minimum standardstandard floor area floor perarea person per person raised toraised 3.3m²to 3.3m²
Founding Founding of ICAC of ICAC (Independent Commission (Independent Commission Corruption) Against Against Corruption)
ten yearten plan year for plan the for the public provision public provision of of housing,housing, to provide to provide everyone everyone in Hong in Kong Hong Kong with permanent with permanent self self contained contained housing housing
country country parks system parks system
SS
S S
higher income higher income openingopening of first of first private housing private housing estates by estates by Hong Kong Hong Kong HousingHousing AuthorityAuthority
1980, first batch of public housing in the Home Ownershop Scheme allowing low-income families to own their homes for the first time
1 2
1998, height restrictions Hong Kong has more skyscrapers lifted after the closing of (above 150m) than any other city Kai Tak airport
country systems
Margaret Thatcher signs Sino-British Joint Declaration
Handover Hong Kong SAR formed
1997
SARS and Bird Flu outbreaks
TERRITORY OF HONG KONG: 1842
Area of Hong Kong in 1842 - 75 km2
TERRITORY OF HONG KONG: 1860
Area of Hong Kong in 1860 - 82 km2
TERRITORY OF HONG KONG: 1898
Area of Hong Kong in 1898 - 1031 km2
TERRITORY OF HONG KONG: 1972
Area of Hong Kong in 1972 - 1058 km2
TERRITORY OF HONG KONG: 2012
Area of Hong Kong, 2012 - 1104.4 km2
TERRITORY OF SINGAPORE: 2012
Area of Singapore, 2012 - 710 km2
Area of Hong Kong, 2012 - 1104.4 km2
METEOROLOGY
Legend
Temperature, 2ยบc
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Record Low Record High
Legend Per Rainy Day in the Month A rainy day has ≼0.1mm of Rainfall
Per 10 hours of sunshine in the month
Jan
Mar
Feb
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Legend Per Rainy Day in the Month A rainy day has ≼0.1mm of Rainfall
Jan
Feb
Per 10 hours of sunshine in the month
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Legend
Per 10mm of rainfall (that month)
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Legend
Per 10mm of rainfall (that month)
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Legend 5% of water vapour in the air
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Legend 5% of water vapour in the air
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Legend
!
Period of Damaging Typhoon
A damage of at least 200 injured
2010
2005
2000
1995
1990
1985
1980
1975
1970
1965
!
1960 February
March
April
May
June
July
5
6
8 4 10
2 1
3 9
11 7
2000
!
11
1995 10 9 1990
1985
! 8 7 1980
! !
1975
!
1970
6 4
!
1965
3
1960
1
5
! August
September
October
November
December
2
Typhoon Shelter Construction Year
WATERS
54.4% Domestic
25.3% Service Trades
8.4% Flushing
6.1% Industrial
4.5% Free Supply
1.3% Construction & Shipping
Hong Kong
45% Domestic
55% Non-domestic
Singapore
76.9% 716.73 million m3
Total Freshwater 931.84 milliion m3
23.1% 215.11 million m3
Dongjiang river
Dedicated Aqueduct
Muk Wu Pumping Station
Shenzhen Reservoir
Legend
In millions m3
20 Tai Lam Chung reservoir
24 Shek Pik reservoir
1100
Water supply from Guangdong via Dongjiang river
230 Plover Cove reservoir
281
13 Upper Shing Mun reservoir
High Island reservoir
4 Lower Shing Mun reservoir 0.4 Shek Lei Pui reservoir 2 0.1 0.8
Group of Kowloon reservoirs
0.2 Pok Fu Lam reservoir
2 1 Aberdeen reservoirs
0.1 6 0.7
Tai Tam reservoirs
HONG KONG
10%
24%
13%
HUIZHOU
GUANGDONG
16% SHENZHEN
20% DONGGUAN 17% HEYUAN
HK$2,959 HK$2,495
HK$2,495
2007
2008
2009
HK$3,146
2010
HK$3,300
2011
HK$3,500
HK$3,700
2012
2013
HK$3,900
2014 in millions
Cost of Imported Raw Water per m³
Hong Kong
USD $0.5538 per m³
=
264%
x
Singapore USD $0.0021 per m³
HONG KONG
0
12
43
62
US$1.166
US$0.831
USD$0.536
charges for m³ consumed
SINGAPORE
0
40
US$0.9088
charges for m³ consumed
US$1.1651
Paris Brussels Zurich
Paris
Copenhagen Amsterdam Madrid German cities average Lisbon Sao Paulo Milan London Singapore
160 litres per capita per day
Vienna
Budapest Helsinki Stockholm Oslo Melbourne
220 litres per capita per day
Hong Kong Belgrade Tokyo Taipei
170 litres per capita per day World Average
Raw water from Guangdong
Water treatment works
Primary service reservoir
Impounding reservoirs
Service reservoir
Daily
Pumping station
2.55
Annual 930.94 million mÂł 77.6% Potable water
Seawater
Service reservoir
Pumping station
Daily
0.74
Annual 269.38 million mÂł 22.4%
Sewage treatment works
Seawater flushing
Sea
Legend 0m -10m -20m -30m
(year, area, % of total area of HK) Marine Parks 1 2 3 4
Yan Chiau Tong (1996) Hoi Hai Wan (1996) Sha Chao & Lung Kwu Chau (1996) Tung Ping Chau (2001)
6.8 km²
0.6%
2.6km² 12 km² 2.7km²
0.2% 1% 0.2%
0.2km²
0.02%
Marine Reserve 5
Cape D’Aguilar (1996)
3
Marine Parks
Marine Reserve
4
1
2
5
MOUNTAINS
583m Castle Peak
766m Lin Fa Shan 754m Nei Lak Shan 934m Lantau Peak 507m Kau Keng Shan
869m Sunset Peak
747m Yi Tung Shan
440m Cloudy Hill
639m Wong Leng 591m Shun Yeung Fung
481m Shek Uk Shan
785m
957m
Sze Fong Shan Tai Mo Shan 771m
674m
647m Grassy Hill
The Hunchbacks 702m
Wo Yang Shan
Ma On Shan 577m Tate's Cairn 334m Tsing Yi Peak
544m 495m
488m Tung Shan Lion Rock 457m 603m Temple Hill Beacon Hill Kowloon Peak
344m High junk Peak 552m Victoria Peak 494m High West
370m Mount Gogh
436m Mount Butler
552m 430m 433m Jardine’s Mount Parker Mount Nicholson Lookout 433m Violet Hill
468m Sharp Peak 370m Tai Mun Shan
Legend
Birdwatching Hotspot
Tsim Bei Mai Po Nature Reserve
Kam
Nam Chung & Luk Keng
Long Valley
i Tsui
Tai Mo Shan
m Tin Tai Po Kau
Shing Mun
Lung Fun Shan
Resident Species Common Urban Species
Red-Whiskered Bulbul
Oriental Magpie Robin
Common Wetlands/Woodlands Species
Little Egret
Eurasian Tree Sparrow
White-Throated Kingfisher
Great Tit
Common Magpie
Japanese White-Eye
Resident Species
20%
Migratory Species
80%
Passage Migrants
Summer Visitors
Breed in Hong Kong, Flies South in Winter
Passes Hong Kong in Spring and Autumn
Common Wetlands Species
Common Woodlands Species
Birdled Tern
Chestnut-winged Cuckoo
Black-naped Tern
Raptors
Hainan Blue Flycatcher
Passerines
Waterfowls
Waders
Occasional Visitors
Ranges Marginally touches Hong Kong
Eastern Grass Owl
Black-winged Kite
Eurasian Hoopoe
(year, area, % of total area of HK)
National GeoParks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Tung Ping Chiau, island (2009) Double Haven (2009) Tolo Channel (2009) Port Island and Buff Head (2009) High Island (2009) Sharp Island (2009) Ung Kong Group (2009) Ninepin Group (2009)
0.9km² 25.5km² 7.3km²
0.08% 2.2% 0.6%
0.6km² 13.4km² 0.9 km² 1.8 km² 0.5 km²
0.05% 1.2% 0.08% 0.2% 0.04%
Restricted Area 9 10 11
Mai Po marshes (1973) Yim Tso Ha ergretary (1970) Sham Wan, Lamma Island (1999)
6km²
0.5%
Hong Kong National Geo Park
Restricted Area
1 10 4 2 3
9
5
6
7
8
11
LAND
Legend
Reclaimed Land Volcanic Rocks Granite Rocks Sedimentary Rocks
Legend Active Quarries Mineral Occurence Abandoned Mines
Lam Tei Quarry
Anderson Road Quarry
Shek O Quarry Lamma Quarry
Legend: Fuel Sources for Electricity Generation
c
Coal
54%
Natural Gas 23%
Nuclear
22%
Oil
1%
Black Point Power Station Capacity: 2500MW Source: Natural Gas
Castle Peak Power Station Capacity: 4108MW Source: Coal, Oil, Natural Gas
Penny’s Bay Power Station Capacity: 300MW Source: Distillate oil
Lamma Power Station Capacity: 3755MW Source: Coal
4.1% wasteland
49.8%
Grass Land and bushes
16.8%
built-up Area
20.5% Forest and woodlands
6.7% 2%
Fish Ponds
0.1% Mangrove
Farms
20.9% Urban Developed Area
79.1% Undevelopmed Area
Urban Developed Area = 1104km² x 20.9% = 230.7km²
1954
1959 2.5km²
1964
5km²
1969
1974
10km² 20km²
10km² 15km² 30km² 35km² 55km² 5km²
5km²
10km²
10km²
10km²
15km²
60km² 65km²
75km²
95km²
1979
1984
1995
2005
10km²
2012
10km²
15km² 20km²
20km² 3km²
3km²
3km²
3km²
25km² 30km²
5km²
5km²
fish ponds vegetables orchards
rice
TRANSPORT
Legend Immigration Check Point
Futian
Shenzhenwan
Tuen Mun Ferry River Trade Terminal
Sky Pier Hong Kong International Airport
Shatoujiao Wenjindu Luohu Huanggang
Kwai Tsing Container Port
China Ferry
Ocean Terminal Macau Ferry Terminal
Kai Tak Cruise Terminal Hung Hom Railway Station
Legend Ferry (small)
Boat House
Ferry (large)
Cargo
Tung Chung Harbour
Tai O Chi Ma Wan
Tolo Harbour
Long Harbour
Three Fathoms Cave Double Haven
Inner Port Shelter
Hong Kong International Terminals
Rocky Harbour Port Shelter Port of Hong Kong
Victoria Harbour
Aberdeen Harbour Tai Tam Harbour
Sok Kwu Wan
Legend Existing MTR line Planned MTR line
$
Shopping Malls owned by MTR In Operation since 1979 175 km 84 Stations 19 Transits
$
$ $
$ $
$ $
$
$
$ $ $
$
Legend In Operation since 1988 36.2 km 68 stations
Legend In Operation since 1904 30 km 120 Stops
Legend
Per 100 km 2,071 km of Road Surface 7,010,000 commuters 0.29 m / person
New Territories 1116 km
Average Speed 41 km/h
Kow Loon 459 km
Average Speed 27 km/h
Hong Kong Island 446 km
Average Speed 20 km/h
2 Lane Street
3 Lane One-Way Street
4 Lane One-Way Street
8 Lane Two-Way Avenue
6 Lane Bridge
2 Lane Tunnel
Approximate Road Area: Total Road Surface x Average Width of Road = 2071km x 0.013km = 26.92Km² 4%
96% of Total Land Area
139,500 Persons 100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T 100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
100T
10,000 Tonnes
137,000 Persons
Shenzhenwan 7,500 Persons 10,100 Cars Futian
93,600 Persons Huanggang
96,500 Persons 26,700 Cars Luohu
Shatoujiao Luohu Futian
Wenjindu Huanggang
Shenzhenwan
254,000 Persons
Wenjindu 500 Persons 4,200 Cars
Shatoujiao 9,500 Persons 2,400 Cars
66,000 TEU TEU: Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit
Tuen Mun Ferry Macau Ferry Terminal
Sky Pier China Ferry
1. Sky Pier:
3. Macau Ferry Terminal:
6,130 Persons 47,300 Persons
2. Tuen Mun Ferry <1,000 Persons
4. China Ferry:
19,800 Persons
POPULATION
The Great Famine
The Cultural Revolution
1960
1962
1964
1966
The Cultural Revolution & The Gang of Four
1968
1970
1972
1974
Tiananmen Protests, Mao’s Death
Deng’s Rise to Power, Open Door Economy & ‘Touch Base’ Policy
1976
1978
1980
1982
Thatcher confirms Reunification
1984
1986
1988
1990
Reunificaiton
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Peak of Birth Tourism
# Born from a China Mother
2008
# Born from a China Mother
2010
#
# Projected Figure for 2012 #
White Collar
Managers and Administrators/ Professionals/ Associate Professionals/ Clerical Support Workers/ Service and Sales Workers
Blue Collar
Craft and Related Workers/ Plant & Machine Operators & Assemblers/ Elementary Occupations/ Skilled Agricultural/ Fishery Workers & Others
Legend
10% of Persons Educated* in Population in Primary School *Persons Educated includes both nationals and non-nationals of Hong Kong. Hence, percentage educated may exceed National Population of Hong Kong.
122%
107%
1974
1984
98%
100%
102%
1994
2004
2010
Legend
5% of Persons Educated* in Population in Tertiary Education
59.7%
90% Increase
31.5%
21.6%
12.6%
8.1%
1974
1984
1994
2004
2010
1991 Before reunification
2011 After reunification
Legend
Per 25 000 elderly An elderly is one that is at or above 65 years of age
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Number of persons at least 65 years of age
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Legend
10,000 Persons Living at Sea
Legend
1,000 Persons Living at Sea
0-15 years old
15-24 years old
24-44 years old
45-64 years old
65 < years old
LAND POPULATION DENSITY OF TOTAL LAND MASS 6540 people/ km2
LAND POPULATION DENSITY OF URBAN AREA 31 392 people/ km2
LAND POPULATION DENSITY OF TOTAL LAND MASS 7315 people/ km2
LAND POPULATION DENSITY OF URBAN AREA 11 273 people/ km2
New York
1,104 persons/km2
Paris
706 persons/km2
London
1,130 persons/km2
Shanghai
3,500 persons/km2
Seoul
4,048 persons/km2
Tokyo
4,049 persons/km2
Singapore 6,540 persons/km2
Hong Kong
6,540 persons/km2
200km² 1,000,000 persons
New York 10,518 persons/km2
Paris
3,639 persons/km2
London 4,978 persons/km2
Shanghai
6,138 persons/km2
Seoul 16,000 persons/km2
Tokyo 6,000 persons/km2
Singapore 11,273 persons/km2
Hong Kong 13,566 persons/km2
200km² 1,000,000 persons
New York
840 Motor Vehicles per 1000 persons
Tokyo
640 Motor Vehicles per 1000 persons
Singapore
196 Motor Vehicles per 1000 persons
Hong Kong
89 Motor Vehicles per 1000 persons
= 10,000 persons = 10,000 vehicles At the end of 2011, Hong Kong has a total of 638,361 motor vehicles
ECONOMY
Legend 5 Billions US$
Hong Kong US$224b 33% increase US$169b
US$29b US$4b
US$77b
US$1b
Singapore US$209b
120% increase
US$96b
US$36b US$12b US$1b
US$2b
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Legend 1,000 US$
Hong Kong
US$31,757
25% increase US$25,374
US$13,478
US$5,692 US$963 US$429
Singapore
US$41,120
73% increase US$23,815
US$11,845
US$925
US$4,913
1970
1980
US$395
1960
1990
2000
2010
Legend
$ 10% of Population
5% of Total National Income
$
Income of top 20%
$
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$
$ $
$ $
$
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
1966
1976
1986
1996
Income of other 80%
Legend
1 Billion US$ US$56.7b
US$27.6b
Income of top 20% US$9.3b US$1.0b
US$1.4b
Income of bottom 20%
US$0.1b
US$0.2b
1961
1971
US$0.8b
US$2.2b
US$3.2b
1981
1991
2001
Legend
$ 10% Increase in Price of Consumer Goods & Services
108%
106%
112%
$
$
102%
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
70%
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
48%
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
33%
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
2010
Legend
$ 1% Increase in Prices of all Final Goods & Services
15.53%
$ $ $ $ $ $ 8.60%
$
$
$
$
$
7.49%
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
0.84%
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
1960
1970
1980
1990
0.49%
2000
$ $ $ $ -3.64%
2010
HOUSING
205.4 km² 18.6% Hard Surface
898.02 km² 81.4% Soft Surface
Hong Kong Real Urban Density = 7,070,000 person/225.2km2 = 31,392 persons/km2
Singapore Real Urban Density = 5,010,000 person/225.2km2 = 11,273 persons/km2
10 km
1950 3 Estates 8,900 Units
45 km
1990 175 Estates 569,900 Units
35 km
1970 47 Estates 177,900 Units
45 km
2010 264 Estates 895,573 Units
avg. 25 storeys
DOUBLE TUBE / Y SHAPE - 24 to 36 units per floor, flat area 35-49 sqm
avg. 20 storeys
LINEAR - variable units per floor, flat area 13.5-53 sqm
avg. 35 storeys
CRUCIFORM - 8 to 10 units per floor, flat area 39-59 sqm
400m
TAI PO TAI PO ESTATE
400m
400m
KWUN TONG SAU MAU PING ESTATE
400m
400m
QUARRY BAY TAI KOO ESTATE
400m
avg. 6 storeys
SLAB BLOCK - variable units per floor, flat area 12-32 sqm
avg. 6 storeys
PERIMETER BLOCK - variable units per floor, flat area 33-40 sqm
avg. 15 storeys
H BLOCK - 12 to 24 units per floor, flat area 29-65 sqm
400m
TSUEN WAN FUK LOI ESTATE
400m
400m
SHEK KIP MEI SHAM SHUI PO ESTATE
400m
400m
CHAI WAN WAN TSUI ESTATE
400m
>30 STOREYS SLAB BLOCK
30 STOREYS PERIMETER BLOCK
25 STOREYS
20 STOREYS
15 STOREYS
10 STOREYS
1970
1960
AVG BUILDING HEIGHT & YEAR
1950
5 STOREYS
H BLOCK
DOUBLE TUBE
LINEAR
Y SHAPE
2000
1990
1980
CRUCIFORM
>30 STOREYS
30 STOREYS
25 STOREYS
20 STOREYS
15 STOREYS
10 STOREYS
1970
1960
AVG BUILDING HEIGHT & YEAR
1950
5 STOREYS
2000
1990
1980
Legend Residential Circulation General Circulation Vehicular Circulation
Residential Block Typically 30-60 Storeys
Artificial Landscape Deck with Garden & Recreation
Multi-Storey Carpark
Residential Block Typically 30-60 Storeys
Podium, with Retail/Commercial activities, Markets or Carpark Open to Public
Transport Interchange
Train Station (MTR)
Public Housing
3,360,000 persons
895,573 units
Average Dwelling 55.74 m² Size in Hong Kong
Avg. Persons per Housing Unit = No. of Persons / No. of Units = 3.75 persons/unit
Private Housing
3,383,890 persons
1,400,000 units
Avg. Persons per Housing Unit = No. of Persons / No. of Units = 2.41 persons/unit
Great 5 Clans of Hong Kong
鄧
TANG
彭
PANG
廖
LIU
吳
WU
曾
TSANG
Ha Tsuen
鄧
Tsing Chuen Wai
Sun Fung Wai
陶
周
Fui Sha Wai
鄧 陶
鄧
Ping Shan
Nai Wai
鄧
Sheung Shui Wai
廖
鄧
Lung Yeuk Tau
彭
Fan Leng Wai
Chung Sum Wai
鄧
泰 麦
Pan Chung
Kat Hing Wai
韋 Tai Wai
陳
曾 Tsang Tai Uk
Sam Tung Uk
吳 Nga Tsin Wai Tsuen
何 Kei Ling Ha
TAI O
POPULATION
(1960) 30,000
(2010) 2700
< 65 yrs old
> 65 yrs old
FISHING BOATS
(1960) 500
(2010) 20
TYPOLOGY DERIVATION
+
=
ECONOMY
salt pans (disused)
fishing industry
tourism
FIGURE GROUND
LAND USE
Village Type Development
Commercial Development
Conservation Area
Government, instituition or Community
EXISTING STILT HOUSES
TOPOGRAPHY
Metal Sheeting / Plywood
(Informal Roofing) Polyester Fabric
Bamboo / Bakau Piles
6m
10m 7m
Metal Sheeting / Plywood
9m
Concrete Piles
10m 8m
CASE STUDY 1 HONG KONG - SHENZHEN BORDER
The boundary area between Hong Kong and Shenzhen is one of the most significant areas of communication between Hong Kong and Mainland China, and is filled with newly developed districts on both sides. Although Shenzhen and Hong Kong is only physically seperated by the Shenzhen river, the urban fabric pattern landscape on each side of the river is quite different due to differences in policy, investment directions and topography of both cities. Studying the urban plan of this area will be helpful towards the perception of Hong Kong in the immeidate comparison of its closest city, and even put forward assumptions about both citiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; future urban development possibilities.
Road Networks
Roads
MTR AND LTR networks
MTR Station Railway
Port
Built Up Area Footprint
Building Footprint Wetland
Industry Sports&Recreation Education Residence
Business
Hong Kong Yuan Long North DIstrict
530,000 persons 300,5000 persons
Shenzhen Luohu Rutian
920,000 persons 1,300,500 persons
CASE STUDY 2 LANTAU ISLAND
1 Hong Kong Airport and Asia World Expo (1998, 12.48km², 1%) 2 Brothers Island, land of the White Chinese Dolphins* *endangered species
1
3 Logistics Park Island (proposed* reclaimed land) *proposed in 2003 4 Yam O, Land of Trees* *the only lumber preservation zone in HK 5 Disneyland (2005, 0.28km², 0.02%) 6 Peng Chau, land of bicycles* (0.99km², 0.09%) *no other transport besides bicycles 7 Discovery Bay, residential town (1982, 6.5km², 0.6%)
18
17
8 Mui Wo, ferry point* *common entry point into Lantau Island
12 19
to Macau 16
9 Sunshine island, land of rehabiliation* *used as a drug treatment center base, a basis for many current drug centers in HK
13
10 Cheung Chau, suicide theme park* *name given by a local councillor, after a series of suicide cases occurred on the island in 2000 11 Cheung Sha, land of long beaches 12 Sunset Peak, highest point in Lantau 13 Ngong Ping, cable car point 14 Soko Islands, lands of LPG 15 Fan Lau Fort *old fort during colonial period 16 Tai Wo, Venice of HK* *known for its fishing village
15 14
17 Container Terminal* *proposed reclaimed land 18 Tung Chung existing line 19 Tung Chung proposed line to Macau
LPG
to Tsing Yi 2
4
3
5
7 18 6
8
9 11
10
3
2
1
7 9 10
4
5
6
8
1 Tai O 2 Tung Chung 3 Hong Kong Airport 4 Disneyland 5 Discovery Bay 6 Mui Wo 7 Cheng Sha 8 Cheng Chau 9 Tong Fuk 10 Shek Pik reservoir
!
!
<5m depth
typhoon shelter
anchorage
dumping
dangerous goods
!
dangerous junction
restricted
CASE STUDY 3 VICTORIA HARBOUR AND KOWLOON
3
2
1 10
4
9
8 5
6 7
21
20
19
1
12 13
9
9
18
14 11
15 16
17
1 naval base 2 government dockyard 3 shipyard 4 typhoon shelter 5 china ferry terminal 6 ocean terminal 7 star ferry terminal 8 West Kowloon 9 Tsim Sha Shui 10 Yau Ma Tei 11 Hung Hom interchange 12 Ma Ta Kok 13 old Kai Tek airport 14 Kowloon Bay 15 Quarry Bay 16 Northpoint 17 Causeway Bay 18 Wan Chai 19 HK Convention Center 20 Central Piers 21 Sai Ying Pun
3 7 4
5
2
1
!
6
8
9 10
<5m depth
mooring
1 kellett anchorage no2 2 kellet anchorage no3 3 western dangerous goods anchorage 4 naval anchorage 5 Yau Ma Tei anchorage 6 crowded fairway junction 7 new Yau Ma Tei typhoon shelter 8 eastern cross harbour tunnel (vehicular) 9 mtr cross harbour tunnel 10 mtr cross harbour tunnel 2 11 cross harbour tunnel 12 To Ka Wan typhgoon shelter 13 eastern quarantine and immigration anchorage 14 eastern quarantine and immigration anchorage 15 Kwun Tong typhoon shelter
13 15
14
12
road tunnel
train tunnel
naval anchorage
typhoon shelter
anchorage
dangerous goods
!
dangerous junction