110 Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois, USA Laura Waller I Karen Bosma I Zachary Johnson I Matthew Heires
Site Size: 45,240 sf Location: Chicago, IL, USA Project Team: Karen Bosma Matthew Heires Zachary Johnson Laura Waller Building Size: 1.74 mil. sf Height: 1248 ft, 72 floors Office Space: Leasable space: 1.2 mil. sf Core to window depth: 44 ft Column Spacing: 30 ft Retail: The Zephyr Restaurant Green Grocer Riverside Cafe CAF Gift Shop
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1
Chicago Opera House
2
Boeing Company
Chicago River
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Citigroup Center
3 2
1
Site Context
Wind Potential
Q3, 2010
-Illinois is the #4 State for wind resource potential Cook County is currently the #1 Wind harvester in Illinois - Average wind speeds range from 10-13 MPH (Stats from American Wind Energy Association)
www.3tie
Vasari Wind Studies
Spring
Summer
Wind Speed Variance from Average
Strong S-SW winds prevail through the year, southern and westerly wind tend to follow the contour of the Chicago River before spilling into the site making a strong potential for wind harvesting especially through summer and fall Departure from normal (percent)
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-10
Fall
-5
0
5
10 %
Winter
Precedent Studies The Strata SE 1 • Location: London, England • Architect: BFLS • Construction: 2007 - 2010 • 306, 000 sf • 486 ft tall; 42 floors • Residential project featuring three 9m diameter turbines capable of producing 19 Kw each. • Wind speeds in the area reach 35 mph. • The building utilizes the Venturi effect to generate upwards of 50 MWh annually.
Pearl River Tower • Location: Guangzhou, China • Architect: SOM • Construction: 2006 - 2012 • 2.2 mil. sf • 1014 ft tall; 71 floors • Commercial project integrating vertical axial wind turbines within two openings located at the mechanical floors. • Building form funnels wind through the openings, pushing the turbines. • Average wind speeds of 5 mph, peaking at 10 mph. • Estimated to decrease energy dependency by 60%, with a future goal of net zero energy consumption.
Form Generation •
Standard rectangular building experiences drag creating dead zones of little wind flow along the building facade
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Pinching the edges of the building creates a more aerodynamic form allowing wind to flow around the mass fluidly
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Secondary building skin guides wind to flow along the east and west facades of the building taking advantage of prevalent southern winds
The slender aerodynamic parti is placed to the north side of the side allowing for a generous southern plaza. The core is placed on the street side of the building to maximize the leasable floorplate with spacious 30 foot bays
ETFE (Ethylene Tetra Flouro Ethylene) • Single layer membrane supported by an aluminum frame and cable system • Aluminum frame attached to main building structure • Each layer is composed of multiple foils
Single layer ETFE membrane Light transmittance: UV light transmittance: 83% Transparent & Lightweight High durability Self cleaning Material can be recycled
Single layer glazing system
90.5% Light transmittence: UV light transmittance: 61%
89%
Skin Resolution
• Exploration of enclosing space above the final floorplate of the building to create an atrium like experience • Integrating another form of wind harvest by creating an air passage atop of the building • By compressing the center of the chamber the venturi effect is achieved thus accelerating wind speeds adding to potential turbine placement
Helix Wind Turbine
X 168 Annual 576,000 - 790,000 kWH
The Savonius turbine based design catches wind from all directions creating smooth powerful torque to spin the electric generator. Ideal for urban environments this turbine is virtually soundless
The FloDesign wind turbine breaks away from the traditional model, and is more effective because it channels the air/water through the turbine, rather than forcing the fluid around it. FloDesign’s unique turbines have the potential to extract 3-4 times more energy than a traditional turbine.
X2 Annual 50,000 - 60,000 kWH
A
Skin & Wind Integration
Helical wind turbines housed between the double facade, taking advantage of strong cross winds
Double skin guides winds along the building facade
ETFE membrane maintains translucency while reducing solar heat gains
Light weight aluminium structure holds ETFE system about 3% the weight of a glass facade
Plaza Site Strategy
emphasize inner and outer flow throughout public circulation paths. stretch ETFE skin to the ground based on the curves of the building and the tensile nature of membrane
CAF Floor Plan
CAF Observation Deck
Lobby Floor Plan
Open Concept RCP
Multiple Tenant Floor Plan
Law Office Floor Plan
Rooftop Restaurant Floor Plan & Lounge
Rooftop Restaurant Rendering
Integration of Systems
“A sophisticated resp generativ
ponse to urban flow and ve design�