Rural Report | Sunndapur | MEASI | Semester 4 by Zarina Mohamed.

RURALS'18 Sunndapur | Oosimalai | Sholakanai

2ND YEAR | BATCH B | 2016-21

RURALS'18 Sunndapur | Oosimalai | Sholakanai

MEASI ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE 87, Peters Rd, Peters Colony, Royapettah, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600014, India

“Our habitation must enable us to know and work with our neighbors. It must be resilient enough to endure. It must impel us by its beauty to fill our hearts with gladness. All three are essential.“ Randolph T. Hester Jr. (2006, p. 419)

ABSTRACT Documenting a tribe over a village, Apr 2018. A rural study emphasizes on creating a holistic understanding of the socio-cultural, geographic, and economic aspects that shape the built environment as well as to expose the students towards the design of simple community-oriented buildings. It is a study of a rural settlement that is an exemplar of collective design evolved organically over a period of time. It exposes the students on the methodology of conducting various surveys covering, physical visual characteristics and demographic aspects. To understand the vernacular/traditional architecture involving local materials and construction techniques. Choosing a village that has urban influence has become very common. We tried to break the ice by choosing a community. The chosen community is completely tribal and has no traces of urbanization. The aim was to document and understand the actual traditional characteristics of a village. The authenticity of the tribal community has been documented. It is difficult to experience such authenticity in a village that has urban influence. Lingayath and Sholagar are the communities that reside in Sunndapur, Oosimalai and Sholakanai. The occupants of Sunndapur are mostly Lingayaths, unlike other villagers, the people of Sunndapur are devout and live by their customs despite Modernisation. Sunndapur is quite isolated from its neighboring villages. So, the villagers share a strong bond and live in harmony with nature. Sunndapur is a secluded village unexposed to the outer world. The village has little connection with the outer world, due to which its cultural values haven’t changed. The villagers are very specific about letting other caste people into their homes. Each family owns a piece of land that they cultivate throughout the year due to which they don’t have the necessity to purchase food. They sell their crops only if there is an excess. The residents of Sholakanai and Oosimalai have ancestral roots in Sunndapur.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Perseverance, inspiration, and motivation have played a great role in the success of any venture. It would be incomplete to submit this report without acknowledging the people behind this. I, on behalf of my class, owe a deep sense of gratitude to our director, Prof. N. Altaf Ahmed for giving necessary advice and encouragement throughout the study. It is a genuine pleasure to express my gratitude to our dean, Dr. A.N. Sachithanandan for his prompt inspiration and timely suggestions. I would like to express my deepest thanks to our principal, Dr. Prof. Monsingh D Devadas (design chair) who in spite of being busy with his duties, took time out to hear, guide, and keep us on the correct path. I would like to thank our HOD, Prof. S. Kesavalu for his scholarly advice, enthusiasm, and dynamism. I profusely thank both the associate professors, Ar. Suhasini and Ar. Anis for their continued support, encouraging guidance, and kind supervision. I would like to thank Professional printers and Siva prints for their help and also thank all my fellow classmates for making this study a grand success. Last but not the least, I thank almighty for giving us this wonderful opportunity and helping us overcome all the hurdles.

Zarina Mohamed

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PROF. N. ALTAF AHMED

DR. PROF. MONSINGH

DR. A. N. SACHITHANANDAN

PROF. S. KESAVALU

D DEVADAS

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FROM THE HEADS I’m extremely happy to see yet another fine study and presentation of the rural project. I appreciate the effort put in by the students and the motivation of the staff members. I feel very proud of all of you and I would like you to carry on the same spirit in your future design projects also. Well done dear students and keep it up. PROF. N. ALTAF AHMED Director The rural project I understand has been a revelation for our students. The exposures they have obtained are reflected succinctly with a tinge of rural ‘hill area’ flavor. This will be a material for further exploration for all students of architecture in the years to come. Congrats to Ar.Suhasini and Ar.Anis and all students of second year batch B. DR. A. N. SACHITHANANDAN Dean I am extremely happy to have been associated with the II year B.Arch students of AR6413 Architectural Design-II during the semester (Dec’17 to Apr’18). It was gratifying to note that batch B design faculties, Ar. Suhasini and Ar. Mohamed Anis have done a commendable job in making the students understand the rural tribal settlements, Sunndapur and Oosimalai near erode. The students have come out with the documentation of the entire study done during this semester. This Rural’18 report can be a forerunner for the students to follow in the years to come and can serve as a coffee book. I compliment the students and faculty for the efforts taken by them in this regard. I wish the students all the very best in the future and raise the bar of Measi Academy of Architecture in the years to come. DR. PROF. MONSINGH D DEVADAS Principal This rural study of the 2nd year batch students involving the study of socio-economic cultural environmental and construction details not only enriched their knowledge but also created a group culture among them. I congratulate them on their hard and pain-taking work. PROF. S. KESAVALU HOD

SUHASINI

ANIS MOHAMED

FROM THE FACULTY The rural study 2018 gave my students an opportunity to get rural exposure, rural life cycle, and to understand rural realities. They made great efforts and put their heart and soul into making this study fruitful for all of us. We were able to make the best of this opportunity. This report is an attempt, to pen down all the memorable moments and observations that were made. It is in no way sufficient to explain the real impact of the experience. I thank my Director, Dean, Principal (design chair) HOD, and my parents for their continued trust, support, and guidance. Lastly, I should thank my co-faculty Ar. Anis and his approach to getting things done the way they should be. Much of our team’s success is due to his skill and hard work. SUHASINI Asso. Professor

The rural journey of this semester started with a reconnaissance survey of various villages. After an extensive search, we stumbled upon this tribal treasure in the Bargur Valley. It was all a roller coaster ride with great challenges and a journey of impeccable experience. The students, oh my “, their grit, their resolve, determination, hard work, creative thoughts, enthusiasm......And whatnot, I am in search of words to profoundly appreciate them. I, on behalf of the entire team, am indebted to the director and thank our dean, our principal ( design chair), HOD, and my parents for their instinctive support. This action-packed journey worth tons of memories to carry would not be complete without complimenting my co-staff Ar. Suhasini for her contribution to this success. Her positive attitude, skilled experience, and the push that she gave the students must be appreciated. If not for her cooperation and support, we could not have accomplished this as a team. Overall it was a great team effort and I am proud to be a part of it. ANIS MOHAMED Asso. Professor

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page Abstract Acknowledgement Heads Message Faculty Message

v vii ix xi

1. Introduction 1.1 History of Lingayats and Sholagar Sunndapur, Oosimalai

2. Sunndapur 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Physical Chronology analysis 2.3 Housing Thiggur - 5th cluster Periyur - 12th cluster Sholagar 2.4 Self Sustenance

7 9 15 17 19 21

3. Oosimalai 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Physical 3.2.1 Chronology analysis 3.2.2 Physical analysis 3.3 Housing 3.3.1 Basuvaraj 3.3.2 Madharan 3.3.3 Sholagar

23 25 27 30 31 33

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xiv

3.3.4 Infrastructure 3.4 Self Sustenance

35 37

4. Sholakanai 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Physical 4.2.1 Analysis 4.3 Housing 4.3.1 Segment 1 4.3.2 Segment 2 4.3.3 Temple

39 41 47 49 49

5. Madam

6. Works 6.1 Proposal 6.2 Hologram | Comparative Analysis 6.3 Sheets

52 53 55

7. Gallery

The study of the past to analyze a sequence of past events and to know how Lingayaths and Sholagar evolved over the years, we go many years back to where it all began.

Long ago , there was a beautiful peaceful village located in the southern part of Andhra Pradesh. The village was under the control of Chozha dynasty. There were two brothers who took care of that village as the leader. The king who ruled that village often used to disguise himself and go for surveillance. One day, he saw a beautiful young girl and fell in love at first sight. He proposed her in front of the whole village, which didn’t turn out the way the king expected as the villagers follow a strict custom. So, the villagers evacuated the whole village all of a sudden although it being a rainy night as they couldn’t oppose the king. They moved slowly by feet and reached the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu. Above the great mountains, they started their new life.

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People hunted the animals in the forest to feed themselves. Those animals felt really bad and begged for their lives to an old monk who lived nearby. The monk considered the animals’ plea and went to meet those people. He preached the villagers and asked them not to hunt the animals which some people accepted and some did not.

There lived two brothers namely karaiyan and pillaiyan. Karaiyan is the eldest among the two, and Pillaiyan was also called madheshwaran who was the younger sibling. The place was ruled over by a despotic tyrant named shravanan, who had everyone under his control. Fearing death every citizen started working for the tyrant likewise the elder brother too started working under him the younger brother never showed interest and started escaping from all the works given to him. One fine day the elder brother was ordered by the tyrant to go to the nearby village for a work. In the mean time the younger brother replaced the elder brother’s work in the palace. The tyrant mistook his name as madhari which means the one who stitches slippers instead of his original name madeshwaran. He then asked the younger brother to stitch perfect slippers for himhe also threathened that he would be put to death if the slippers do not fit him properly. Madheshwaran put forth one condition he asked the demon to let him free until he stitches suitable slippers for him. Since madheshwaran was able to free himself temporarily from the clutches of the demon shravanan, one of the gods who was overpowered by him conspired with madheshwaran.

Madheshwaran takes the wax slipper to the palace and shows it to the demon. The demon was so excited to try out the new slippers, that when he was invited by madheshwaran to a hilltop, he readily accepted it.

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They plotted to overthrow the demon. They hatch a plot. They plan to make a slipper made of wax sole. Madheshwaran took him to that heated up slippery rock, which eventually was the edge of the cliff. After seeing the demon losing the grip madheshwaran pushed him off the cliff with the help of all the gods. The news of the demon’s death spread like wildfire among the people. And madheshwaran became a hero for the locals, overnight. The elder brother gives entry then and comes to know that the demon has been killed. He became even more furious when he heard two people speaking that the younger brother has helped the gods in killing the demon. Karaiyan irritably asked the younger brother for not asking his help and going ahead with the decision to help the gods. Madheswaran regretted his act of not consulting his brother's decision and apologised. For his blind act. He was saddened by the thought that karaiyan is still angry on him inspite of apologizing for his misdeed as he is still keen on punishing him. He offered that he would do anything that would please karaiyan so that his anger vanishes away. Taking this as an opportunity karaiyan declared that it would be him who the people prioritize in meeting first to which madeshwaran agreed as he wanted nothing but to please his brother. Hence the two clans sholiga and ligayats evolved who were the followers of the two brothers respectively.

INTRODUCTION Village life is the happiest compromise between the natural and the man made. It is a merry game between man and nature. The village is panorama of the charming scenes of nature. The scenery of the changing weather has a profound effect on the village life. It brings a divine touch into human mind. Hence, the village life s full of divine beauty. Life here is plain and simple. Villagers are content with thenecessities of life. They have no liking for luxury. They discharge their social duties in the simplest manner possible. The lifestyle of villagers are very clean, sweet and simple. The din and bustle, the hurry and the scurry of urban life are absent here. People here live in the lap of nature.

Neighbouring villages include: BARGUR OOSIMALAI SHOLAGANAI THAMARAKARAI MADAM ANTHIYUR

- 4.3KM - 7.1KM - 8.5KM - 5.3KM - 23KM - 25KM

SU N N DAPU R

CHRONOLOGY ANALYSIS The history of the Karaiyan and Pilaiyan was the major because for arrival of the settlements of Sunndapur. The evolution story of lingayath paved the way to the distinct settlement of the village. In 1518AD the first settlement on Sunndapur which is located behind the temple. The topography itself paved their way for their settelment. The settlement opposite to the panchayat

One of the main sources of water supply.

1518

- SACRED STON E POTRAYI NG AS GOD

19TH CENTU RY- BELIEF OF WORKSHIPI NG TH E IDOLS 2002 - GOPU RAM WAS BUILT RENOV 2010 - RENOVATED TH E GOPU RAM

Sacred stone portraying as god The temple became the main landmark after that settlement this is the place where people gather to worship the god.

TH EN TH EY DEVELOPED TH E SCHOOL AN D BUILT A N EW BLOCK FROM CLASSES 6TH - 8TH

The settlement around the panchayat tree and the temple started spreading. They brought the idols from Karnataka and worshiped them. As the years passed by they developed their temple into gopurams.

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The forest department developed a trench around the village in order to reduce the further spread of the settlement and also restrict thea entry of the villagers into the forest.

1950 - 1970 1970 - 1990

In urge for their education, they started school in 1990. From classes Lkg - 8th.

This settlement is said to be the first of all the settlements. In cause of their privacy, they started settling scattered around the village.

PATTERN EVOLUTION

There is no public trans- Few transports like port available to the truck and 2 Wheelers village due to improper are vehicles present there roads

An overhead tank which can hold 10000 Litres of water

Electrical lines passing through the houses

Electrical poles passing through fields.

A narrow trench built-in sunndapur to prevent animals from entering the village.

Pipelines are being distributed through the houses.

Main transformer Present in oosimalai

Water taps were almost present in each and every cluster. But the water was not coming through the taps.

The village does not have a definite drainage system and underground sewage system. The water from the house is directed to the fields which will, in turn, be used as manure.

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Cluster of houses sequentially placed on contours where majority of the houses are on elevated playforms. Proper use of vernacular materials are seen for funtional and climate responsiveness. Pergolas play a main role in their use of Space. Evidently used materials are Bamboo, mud, stones and thatch.

The general factor influencing this patternis the rectangular form of cultivated fields. The aggregation of square and rectangular houses form the rectangular pattern. T- pattern is formed due to modification and growth of houses along the street and presence of topography at the junction

IDENTIFICATION OF SETTLEMENT ( LANDMARK )

This view has a node which intersects lanes/ labyrinths or create junction between them. SPACIAL ANALYSIS

This space acts as a cluster node, as it is gathering space for women during their leisure time. As the intensity is high in this space, it is regarded as a positive space.

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Different materials used for each part of the house namely mud, stone and brick are used in the kitchen, living room and cattle shed respectively. VIEWS AND VISTAS Since it is placed on a contour view from there covers all the settlements. The focus is towards the shiva temple.

Transition from closed to semi open to open in terms of space and private to semi private to public in terms of activity is evident.

RIDGE TILE DETAIL

MANGALORE TILE

BAMBOO RAFTER DETAIL

Since the area is semi open , it is primarily used for drying clothes

BAMBOO REINFORCEMENT

As a dias for functions and gatherings.

MUD PLASTER DETAIL

GRINDING RAGI

View from the entry of the house

SECTION

Furnitures such as cot and table are weaven out of bamboo. Space near the kitchen is used for storage purpose

ELEVATION - EF

ELEVATION - CD

Their agricultural produce is also dried on platform.

PLAN

Since this settlement is located at a lower level of sunndapur, it captures the scenic beauty from the entrance of Thiggur. The school is the main focus.

PERIYUR As the name suggests ,this setlement is housed by people who hold a respectable position in the Panchayat . It evolved first with the pillayar koil beneath the Panchayat tree and is very much located behind the tree. The agricultural products are ragi , tomato , thuvaram paruppu and avarai.

CLUSTER PATTERN This cluster follows axial planning in which lanes branch out to the cluster. Linear pattern of settlement is generally found where the attractive or resistive forces decide the growth in any direction.

This part of the settlement has an obvious level difference breaking the views of the continuous street and giving an apparent view of the nearby hill.

PLAN PANCHAYAT TREE SPATIAL ANALYSIS

MORNING ACTIVITIES

VISUAL NODE

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SITE PLAN This is a kachcha house made of natural materials mud, bamboo, thatch . Built with vernacular (local) materials by local craftsman. This house has a central semi-open space and front space with bamboo pergola.

ISOMETRIC VIEW

PLAN

ELEVATION

SECTION

Air flow is primarily through the bamboo lattice work into the courtyard

The immediate space outside the entrance is used for drying the washed up clothes

-It has a unique and interesting approach with a neem tree acting as a visual node as well as marking the entry to the cluster. - The pathway to the cluster is undefined for a distance of about 12 M from the sunndapur main road followed by the defined stone passageway which leads to the cluster.

Sholagars have houses at higher level, secluded from the lingayat houses due to caste difference.

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Being isolated from the rest of the village situated somewhat in the midst of the forest cover, it shares a wide variety of views and vistas from different locations within the cluster

People here , get milk from cattle and feed themself as well as sell it to others

Small steps kept one above the other form a narrow and unassuming approach to the side

Since the terrain is rocky and unsuitable for living , the rocks are cut and the ground is levelled to make the space habitable and accesible.

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A village in the district of tamarakarai ,is a linear stretch of settlements with beautiful landmarks and vast stretch of fields and forest cover. The settlements consists of a main spine from which streets and lanes branch out for the ease of circulation. Being a thriving village,oosimalai near burgur is more connected with the outer world. The streets are lively throughout the day with people doing their chores and kids running around playing games. The people of oosimalai socialize to an extent since their house are close to one another. Their travel to nearby towns for work is less tiring as the bus stop is just around the corner. The infrastructure is quite good in terms of the materials used and the technology used for construction. Basic amenities like tea stalls and shops are present. Despite their active nature, the people of oosimalai return to their houses by 6 in the evening fearing elephants Entering the village. Major landmark - The temple - A school - Water tank - Panchayat tree The road in sholagars are partially narrow and partially wide. This sholagars settlement is also a kind of linear pattern and the houses are surrounded the road.

CHRONOLOGY ANALYSIS

OOSIMALAI SOLAGAR SETTELMENT Evolution of the solagar tribes throught out the years has been influenced by certain factors such as population growth and, their occupation and economic development. During the evolution of solagar tribes no of lanes were also evolved.

The oldest landmark of solagar lies within the village and the recent landmarks lie on the outskirts of the village

Th is shows the village has an outward growth pattern and by the growth pattern we come to know that the oldest buildings lie within the village.

Oosimalai begins with the settlement of sholagars followed by lingayath. The temple became the main landmark after that settlement

The history of the karaiyan and pilaiyan was the major cause for arrival of the settlements of oosimalai Evolution story of lingayath paved way to the distinct settlement of the village

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In lingayath settelment the mellur was said to be the oldest part among the settelments. The village was mainly characterised by two landmarks- The temple and the water stream located at keelur. Some of the minor landmarks pond at the entrance of the village.

INFERENCE - The village settlement was first developed in Mellur near to the temple and spreaded along the region. -The linear arrangement of the village is due to the knight of theft and animals attack as they believe that close the settlement less may be the threat

Thus the water supply is at keelur the habitants started setteling near that stream and they developed along that region thus the linear pattern formed

This is where the water body is located it is also one of the main water source for oosimalai

Average temperature per month ○Temperature is max (32 degree c) during may. It also goes upto 33 degree c. ○Temperature is min (26 degree c) during december. ○Temperature is average between august to november. Average days with precipitation per month ○Precipitation is max during june, july and august. ○Precipitation is min during january, february, march and december. Macro and micro climate ○The presence of trees play a major role in controlling the climate to an extent. ○In basuvaraj house, the climate varies from inside and outside due to the above factor. Roofs and walls ○In rajkumar house, beneath the mud layer in the flooring, black tar ( bitumen ) is used which acts as a subconscious dpc (damp proof course) layer. ○ Most of the houses have a layer of cow dung, which is a good insecticide, over the mud plastering, making it durable and cool during the summer season.

Compared to sunndapur they have a well connected road system ,the village is located near burgur town. The frequency of public transport can be increased so that the people will be benefited since it has 2 entries ,access to the village is easy. A well present in sholagar settlement is the water source to the settlement The solar lamp which provides electricity at night. Therfore it is cost efficient.

Disposal bins were present where people could dump their solid waste

A stream running in oosimalai-water stream present in keelur. One of the main waterbody of Oosimalai

This is the place where the water body is located. It is also the main water source to the village

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ROAD ANALYSIS The osimalai road is Neither completely uniform nor completely rugged and it is different as of certain considerable factors such as materials used, heirarchy based on usage, heirarchy based on size, based on altitude levels The sholagars are physically isolated and culturally connected with lingayath villagers

LEVEL DIFFERENCES OOSIMALAI

SHOLAGAR

Both lingayath and sholagars have plain terrain as well as contour terrain Lingayath settelments has gradual terrains but sholagars settelments has instant terrains

The settlement pattern can be stated as linear and A herringbone pattern. This is due to the fact that the streets branch out into lanes from the major spine.

BASUVARAJ HOUSE 30

The initial stage of construction consists the two above shown paces.

EVOLUTION OF HOUSE

Then they added a small place of worship behind the house.

Later , a small toilet aided by the government was built.

The third stage consists of a small storage space attatched to the kitchen.

As a final stage of developement, a small gardening space was made around the toilet.

BASE PLAN

The cattle shed was made to shelter their cattles.

Direction of ventilation & movement of wind.

LIGHTING & VENTILATION

A skylight is provided in the storage area allowing in light. But not air or moisture, so that the produce is no damaged.

ELEVATION

SITE PLAN SPATIAL ANALYSIS PLAN SECTION The house has a linear planning along an axis : which is clearly defined by the two trees at the entrance. FRONT ELEVATION

MADHEYAN’S HOUSE

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Initially a thinnai , pooja room and a thinnai was made using mud.

EVOLUTION OF HOUSE

Later on a more pakka structure as living using brick was built along with a cattle shed.

SECTION

Then , as the number of cattles increased , another shed was made attached to the existing one.

Eventually , two more cattle sheds were made using bamboo , as the number of cattles further increased.

View of the thinnai inside and the courtyard which are the main interaction spaces in the house.

SPATIAL ANALYSIS SITE PLAN

The house has been designed in accordance with vastu and the pooja room towards the north-east.

ACTIVITY ANALYSIS

ELEVATION Water pumps on the sides of the road are the primary means of water supply to the houses. A cot made out of bamboo is used as furniture.

Activity 1 : praying At 6 am.

Activity 2 : ploughing At 9 am LIGHTING & VENTILATION

Uncovered nalas carry sewage water run adjacent to the houses.

BRICK

MUD WITH PLASTERING

Katcha house Door detailing : Pakka house

Activity 3 : at 5 pm Chatting Mangalore tiles

Rafters and Purlins

OCCUPATION : Materials used

MANGALORE TILES

MUD

The occupation of the house is agriculture recognised by the presence of a cowshed behind The house.

COMPONENTS

SHOLAGAR

INTRODUCTION The sholagars at oosimalai are settled to the left of the main entry to the village. These settlements comprises of three different hamlets. One of the notable factors is that the houses are situated at three different levels. Dwelling units : 28 No of people : 70 approx

SHOLAGAR SETTLEMENT

LINGAYAT SETTLEMENT SITE PLAN

SETTLEMENT PATTERN The pattern is said to be linear pattern as the houses are built along the sides of the roadway, further the fields around restrict the growth in other direction.

FIGURE AND GROUND CULTURAL NODES An elevated platform or stage acts as a centre for festivities to take place. Here people socialize and hence this node contributes for social interraction.

v The figure and ground indicates the builtup and the open spaces. Also the settlement pattern is analysed.

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The huge canopy of a tamarind tree offers shade beneath which preaching and other activites are primarily done.

Hay is usually stored over a shed as it not only dries hay but also acts as a covering thus giving a shade where the cattles are used tied.

PATHWAYS AND STREETS The streets are narrow unlike normal pathways. These narrow streets directly influences the settlement pattern as the houses are restricted to a linear pattern. The sholagars at oosimalai are basically residing at three different levels. The section clearly explains the positioning of the houses due the influence of the contours.

CIRCULATION The circulation is free flowing and non chaotic due to the pattern and axial planning .

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INTRODUCTION Solakanai is a tribal village in the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu. Primary occupation of the people in solakanai is agriculture. Solakanai is located at a distance of 78 km from Erode junction though the journey to sholaganai is through a rocky terrain, the destination is worth it. The settlement of the village is highly scattered. The families have settled in separate regions as clusters. There is a temple which was once used as a place of worship and not in use right now. The people of sholaganai are very introverted and have little interaction among themselves. They’re also skilled honey hunters.Apart from agriculture, they are also skilled in honey hunting. The other neighbouring village include: BURGUR - 10 KM OOSIMALAI - 11 KM SUNNDAPUR - 19 KM THAMARAKARAI - 18 KM MADAM - 34 KM ANTHIYUR - 36 KM BHAVANI - 60 KM COIMBATORE - 167 KM SALEM - 121 KM TATTAKKARAI - 12 KM THURUSANAMPALAYAM - 10 KM METTUR DAM - 83 KM

TEMPLE The temple demarkates the end of solakanai by road the temple has 6 idols in 4 Places in which one idol is kept in main shrine in closed space other 3 idols in gathering are and other 2 idols placed in open area. Open shrine consists of rocks which are worshipped as deity. The primary approach is stepped and rubbled and is demarkated by a bell post. The main shrine has two entry - One in the front and other at the rear side Main entry in the front has no door while the entry to sanctum has a decorated door. Entry at rear has door to a height of 1.6 m

PHYSICAL LAYOUT OF THE VILLAGE ○The first settlement is located at the topmost point of the sholakanai. ○The people at first settlement will exprience an amazing scenic view. ○Since the sholakanai is inbetween mountains, the people at sholakanai will experience a borrowed horizon where mountains and trees cover the natural horizon. ○The roads at the sholakanai are shaded by trees which forms the natural canopy. ○People at second settlement will experience the artificial horizon due to the combined impact of houses and level difference. ○In second settlement majority of the views are affected due to the continuous level difference ○Since majority of lands in sholakanai is dominated by agriculture lands the landscape of sholakanai changes before and after harvesting.

Proximity The settlement is located few metres away from the temple. There is a sense of distance between the houses and the temple. This is seen in both the clusters.

○The land management and land planning requires a knowledge of the current state of the landscape understanding current land cover and how it is being used along with an accurate means of monitoring change over time is vital to any person responsible for land management. ○Through land use map the distribution of land cover is being studied by this map measuring current condition and how they are changing can be easily achieved through land management.

○This map shows the relationship between lands in service and natural conditions this map quantifies current lands resources into a series of commercial, residential, mixed residential, public, recreational. ○By seeing this map we understand how the land cover is being distributed. ○Based on land use we understand the population and infrastructure.

LAND USE

Repetition There is a repetition seen in the orientation of the houses. Most of the houses face north south orientation. Grouping There is a sense of togetherness creating a interaction between the users . The houses are present in close proximity which shows unity.

S U N N DA P U R | O O S I M A L A I | S H O L A K A N A I

HIERARCHY

The temple is situated at a higher level compared to the houses. This depicts the herarchy or significance the temple gains by getting placed in a higer level .

ELECTRICAL LINES

At a macro level the settlement at the left is at a raised level compared to the other settlement. This depicts the hierarchy in the settlement. ARCHITECTURE

STYLE

The prevailing architecture style is vernacular architecture where the locally available materials are used to erect structures.

ROADS AND PATHWAYS

TEXTURE CLAY , ROCKS , BRICK , CLAY TILE , BAMBOO , SOIL COLOUR The colours observed here are majorly the different shades of brown. It is very evident that this feel is due to the color of the materials used.The above said can be observed in a cluster. But when it comes to a bigger scale, when we take whole sholakanai into account , it is green which depicts the lush green landscape. SETTLEMENT

CONTOUR LINES

DOMINANCE Breaking the visual hierarchy lies huge rocks which gains emphasis. These elements focus the viewers attention. TREES

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Settled seperately on the top of hill. Rough contours can be seen here and there. Highly dependant on forest for building materials. Less development of houses are seen.

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MADAM

-MEL MADAM -MERKU -KEEL MADAM -KILAKU

- As the name suggest madam is a place of workship -It acts as the link between the lingayats and sholagars -It also acts as a commom means of connect for any celebrations -It was built 200 years ago and this is the kilaku madam (east madam) -Marriages and meetings are generally held here -The building at present has undergone multiple changes and additions

-Initially the plan was symetric -Initially madam did not have the front portion - It was a mandapam -All four sides were identical and the plan was symetrical -Only roof and columns were present There were no walls -Internal walls were added later for convenience

STONE FOUNDATION

EVOLUTION

DOOR DETAIL

ELEVATION

PLAN

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TRUSS EXPLODED

SITE PLAN

EXPLODED ISOMETRIC ISOMETRIC

SECTION

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ED 2

JOINERY DETAILSry

ED 3 Enlarge Detail -1

SECTION

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PROPOSAL RURAL HEALTH CENTRE Halid Riyas

Rural health centre will provide all basic health services in this sub center. This facility caters to the nearby villages also. For higher level facility villagers will avail the services available in Bargur.

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ISOMETRIC

ELEVATION

SECTION

PLAN

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THE HOLOGRAM

A hologram is a photographic recording of a light field, rather than of an image formed by a lens, and it is used to display a fully three-dimensional image of the holographed subject, which is seen without the aid of special glasses or other intermediate optics. The hologram itself is not an image and it is usually unintelligible when viewed under diffuse ambient light.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS After the completion of the study, a comparitive analysis was done taking sunndapur and oosimalai into consideration, contour, cluster and road analysis were done.

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SUNNDAPUR DOCUMENTARY | Rurals 2018 Measi academy of architecture

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signed by

PROF. N. ALTAF AHMED

Director

Our Journey 18th December marked the beginning of a journey which changed our perspective about architecture. In a place where it was difficult to find tea stalls, a resort was a relief for us. We weren’t aware of what awaited us on the other side of the road. It was one hell of a wild ride. Reaching Sunndapur was definitely not a cake walk. The villagers were clueless as to who we were. All we had was a map which guided us into the unknown. Walking the streets of Sunndapur was a nightmare. Returning back safely was one of our main concerns. Though we had very less time on the first day, we tried to make the most of it. Our day wasn’t over yet. Late night discussions prepared us for the next day. Awake before the first rays of the sun. Documenting Oosimalai was comparatively easier as we had a clear idea of what had to be done. Despite how tiring the day was, a sense of satisfaction was felt. The children were excited to see us and the feeling was mutual. The third day was hectic as we were running on a tight schedule, due to the fact that we had to study three villages of the Lingayats and Sholagars. Adding to the misery, Sunndapur lay scattered on different levels making it extremely difficult to access each level. That day, we truly experienced what day-to-day life of any person in Sunndapur is; as we ate the traditional way on banana leaves in the open fields. After that, it was a mad rush back to Oosimalai to study their evening activities. On the final day, the class was divided and sent to both, Sunndapur and Oosimalai for the very last time. That day, we brought back with us memories and experiences which broadened our horizons as future architects!