A SENSE OF ACHIEVEMENT

UNIT 4

A sense of achievement

VOCABULARY

1

Use the words in the box to complete the text.

Elizabeth Blackwell was born in 1821, near Bristol. She moved to the United States with her family when she was 11. After her father’s death in 1838, she opened a school togetherwith her mother and established sister. Blackwell later decided to (1)________________ a career in medicine. start despite But the road to becoming a doctor was not an easy one for her. After from admittance her (2)______________ to the college, she faced criticism from fellow students leading set as well as the general public. But she held firm (3)______________ these challenges, slowly earning the respect of her peers. She became the first woman to graduate (4)______________ medical school in the United States. After working in Paris and London, Elizabeth Blackwell (5)______________ a private practice in New York City. She created a medical school for women in the late 1860s. Soon after establishing the college, Elizabeth Blackwell returned to England. She (6)__________up a private practice in London and became a (7)_______________ public health activist during her lifetime.

2

Complete the sentences using the words from the KEY WORD LIST of UNIT 4. The first letter has been given.

1. I don’t a______________ to be wealthy, only famous. 2. I think that such a policy would d _________________ our industry. 3. We made this decision after e______________ consultations with teachers. 4. There are many reasons to c______________ that this is not the best solution. 5. The f___________________problem is this: there is no money left!

3

PREPOSITIONS

Fill in the correct prepositions.

1. He was born ______ 6 th March. 2. He focused _______ his work. 3. His research turned him _______ a celebrity. 4. He was dependent __________ his family. 5. They wanted to protect him _______ others. 4

Choose the most suitable phrase.

1. Tony always arrives exactly in time / on time for his lesson. 2. I can’t pick that last apple. It’s out of hand / out of reach. 3. Joe and I met on the plane completely by chance / by surprise. 4. The children spend most of their time out of doors / out of place. 5. I’m sorry but Jane isn’t here at present / at a time. 6. How can Susan love Tom? They have nothing in common / in general. 7. They should be here soon. They are in the way / on the way. 8. Terry isn’t here. He’s away in business / on business.

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PHRASAL VERBS REVISION Use the verbs turn, get or callin the correct forms to complete the sentences.

1. This could _____________ out to be much more serious than we thought. 2. ____________ off lights and electronic devices when they’re not in use. 3. I have to ______________ down to some revision for my exams. They start next week! 4. He is helpless. He has no relatives to ___________ to. 5. The burglars ____________ away with a lot of cash and some valuable paintings. 6. They ____________ off the match because of a fire at the stadium.

GRAMMAR

THE ‘ING’ FORM OR THE INFINITIVE? Use the verbs in the box in the correct forms to complete the sentences below.

1. The guard _____________ to let them enter the building. 2. Max ______________ to be an expert in science. 3. I don’t____________ starting work early. 4. The tourist guide _____________ going there by car instead of on foot. He says it’s a long way. 5. We can’t_____________ to go on holiday this year. 6. I __________ playing tennis with him. It’s a pity he isn’t here. 7. The job______________ travelling abroad once a month. 8. I _____________him from stealing the painting. 9. She ______________ talking to her boss because she felt guilty.

mind avoid recommend claim prevent miss afford refuse involve

Choose the correct meaning (a) or (b) for the verbs in bold in each sentence.

1. I stopped working in the garden 3. Uncle James remembers singing and sat down to rest. at various festivals when he was a) to interrupt an activity in young. order to do something else a) not to forget an obligation b) to give up an activity b) to recall a past situation 2. Hilary stopped to say ‘hello’ to 4.‘Helen, remember to buy some her friend when she saw her. bread on the way home.’ a) to interrupt an activity in a) not to forget an obligation order to do something else b) to recall a past situation b) to give up an activity

1 4 UNIT UNIT

4 UNIT

3

Use the phrases in the box to complete the sentences. There is more than one possibility.

1. She ______________ crying in front of her friends – it was such a sad film. 2. ‘I ______________ having a cup of tea.’ ‘Good idea!’ 3. __________________ walking home instead of taking the car? 4. _______________ talking to the headmaster. He won’t let us do it. 5. ________________ complaining further. feel like how about there’s no point (in) it’s no use couldn’t help

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6

PASSIVE VOICE Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.

1. No one gave me any help with the homework. I _____________________________ any help with the homework. 2. The police are investigating the boy’s disappearance. The boy’s disappearance _________________________________. 3. People say swimming is good exercise for your back. Swimming _____________________________ good exercise for your back. 4. Nobody should do such things. Such things ______________________________. 5. We remind you not to leave your baggage unattended. Passengers ___________________________.

Rewrite these sentences using the passive.

E.g. When did somebody tell him the news? – When was he told the news? 1. How many books can people take out of the library? _________________________________________________________________________ 2. The teacher didn’t show us the question paper. _________________________________________________________________________ 3. Is somebody following us? ___________________________________________________ 4. Have they eaten all the food? _________________________________________________ 5. The firm hasn’t offered me a job. _______________________________________________ 6. Nobody explained to her what to do. ___________________________________________

Put the verbs into the correct passive form.

1. A new restaurant __________________(open) next week. 2. He __________________(invite) to the party yesterday. 3. I __________________(give) the book by my friend last Sunday. 4. The road ________________________(repair) at the moment. 5. When the parents came home, the room _________________________(already/clean) by their children. 6. Miriam _________________(not send) any text messages today and is sad.

Rewrite these sentences so that they mean the same, using passive-infinitive structures.

1. Scientists claim that a new drug 3. CNN reported that thousands will soon be released. of people were homeless after It __________________________ hurricane Katrina. ____________________________ Thousands of people ___________ ___ ____________________________ ____________________________ ___ 2. Many people consider George ____________________________ ___

Clooney to be the best looking 4. Everybody expected Felix to land d actor. safely. George Clooney ______________ Felix _______________________ ___ ____________________________ ____________________________ ___ ____________________________ ____________________________ ___

Be + adjective / the past participle + the infinitive structures

Study the examples: A The verb TO BE with adjectives B The verb TO BE with past participles such as likely,bound, sureandthe such as used, engaged, meant, supposed, infinitive. expected and the infinitive. E.g. He is bound to leave soon. / E.g. We are engaged to be married. / He Mary is likely to get the promotion. was supposed to be here by now.

Habits in the Past

Remember that would is used for repeated actions in the past, but not states.  When I lived in the village, I would wake up to the sound of birds singing  I used to live in London. (not would).

C Make new sentences using these infinitive constructions.

Finish the sentences any way you like.

1. When I was a student, I would often _________________________. 2. My sister used to go to ____________________________________. 3. I used to hate ___________________________________________. 4. We would often gather together to ___________________________.

TRANSLATION Three students are discussing the possibilities of visiting their AND MEDIATION friend in London. Translate their conversation for your English friend.

Ана: Није много вероватно да ће ме моји родитељи пустити да идем. Ан

Тања: Сумњам да би се и моји родитељи сложили, али могу да их питам.

Уна: Моја мама се можда не би противила, али за тату нисам сигурна. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

1 4 UNIT UNIT

1 4 UNIT UNIT

1

EXPAND YOUR VOCABULARY

IDIOMS WITH TURN Match the idioms and their explanations.

1. turned a blind eye to o A 2. turned a deaf ear 3. turn over a new leaf 4. turned (his) back on 5. turned ... inside out 6. the turn of the century

B

a. change one’s behaviour for the better b. refused to listen to c. ignored; pretended not to know d. searched very systematically/carefully e. the end of one century and beginning of another f. refused to have any more contact with

2

Which idioms with turn from box A go into the following sentences? Put a number (1-6).

1. I took my dress back to the shop, but the manager _____ to my complaints. 2. I _____ the whole room ______, but couldn’t find my passport. 3. John got promoted and he _____ all of his associates. 4. There were major changes at _____ the 20 th century. 5. The children made a huge mess in the restaurant, but their father ______ it. 6. Harry was always late for work, but when they cut his salary, he decided to _____.

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DESCRIBING FEELINGS Study the table. Then choose words from the list below and make pairs of sentences, as in the examples.

 A wide range of adjectives ending in -ed which follow the verbs to be, seem, appear, look and become describe people’s feelings, mental states or emotional reactions to something. E.g. She was interested in the programme. / She felt satisfied when she passed the test.  Adjectives ending in -ing usually describe things orthe effect that something has on your ideas and feelings: E.g. The programme was interesting. / The meeting was very satisfying.

disappointed thrilled frightened embarrassed confused bored tired annoyed excited amused relaxed

Example: The storm was terrifying. I was terrified by it.