Lu Shin Thin Chine By Nay Lin

Page 1

aus;Zl;wifv$m “vl&SifocsdKif;rsm;ta}umif;” trnf&Sd usaemf@.axmifwGif; EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;b0 tawG@t}uHK rsm;ta}umif; a&;om;xm;onfh pmtkyftm; pDpOfxkwfa0ay;aom EdkifiHjcm; a&;&maumfrwD/ ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;or*~rsm;tzGJhcsKyftm; vnf;aumif;/ ,if;pmtkyftwGuf rtm;vyfonfh}um;rS trSmpma&;om; ay;onfh q&mOD;wifhaZmftm; vnf;aumif;/ ,ckpmtkyftwGif;Youfqdkifonfh tcef;u¾rsm;Y ‚if;wdk@. axmiftawGt }uHK rsm;tm; 0ifa&mufulnDa&;om;ay;=uonfh udkom;nGef@OD;/ udkaX;atmif/ udkbkef;jrifhxGef; ESifh udkpnfolxGÉf tm;vnf;aumif;/ pmtkyftm;jyifqifwnf;jzwfay;onfh udkarmifarmifaxG;tm; vnf;aumif;/ pmtkyftwGuf vdktyfonfh yef;csDyHkrsm; a&;qGJonfh udkausmf0if;tm; vnf;aumif;/ rsufESmzHk;'DZdkif;tm; a&;qGJay;onfh udktdrfa'gif;eDtm; vnf;aumif;/ Tpmtkyf a&;om;xkwfa0Edkif&eftwGuf tzufzufrS 0dkif;0ef;ulnDyHhydk;=uolrsm; tm;vHk;tm; aus;Zl; txl;wif&Sdygonf? aevif; (t²u²o) q&m@ Oa,smZOf 1988ckESpf &Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyHkumvESifh &Spfav;vHk;udk aoG;acsmif;pD; owfjzwf+zdKcGJ tm%modrf;vdkufaom e0wppftpdk;& qef@usiaf &;vSkyf&Sm;rSk wav#mufvHk;wGif tajccH ausmif;om;rsm;or*~/ twdkaumuftm;jzifh tuoonf twufºuGqHk;aom tzG@Jtpnf; jzpfonf?xdk@a=umifhvnf; e0w/ etz ppftpdk;&vufxufY zrf;qD;ESdyfpufjcif;/ ESpf&Snfaxmif '%fcsrSwfjcif;cH&olrsm;xJwGif tuoESifhywfoufolrsm;rSm trsm;tjym;yg0ifaeonf? ausmif;om;or*~rsm;onf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*~rS pwif ay:aygufcJhjcif; jzpfonf? odk@aomf or*~emrnfudkcHxm;aomfvnf; vlrSK@a&;vkyfief;rsm;/ taysmftyg;tpDpOfrsm;udkom tm&Hkpl;pdkufcJhojzifh 1923ckESpfrS pwifzGJ@pnf;cJhaom &efukef wuUodkvfor*~udk vlrSK@a&;toif;tzGJ@ tjzpfom rSwfwrf;wifxm;=uonf? EdkifiHa&;&nfrSef;csuf&Sdonfh &efukefwuUodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;or*~udk 1931ckESpf wGifpwifzGJ@pnf;cJhonf/ ausmif;om;xkxJwGif or*~onf EdkifiHa&;ESifh yufoufoifh/ roifh jiif;cHkr_ ESpftwef=umjzpfyGm;cJh+yD;rS jAdwdefEdkifiH/ jyifopfEdkifiH/ tdENd,EdkifiHwdk@ yg0ifaomEdkifiH trsm;tjym;&Sd ausmif;om;or*~rsm;udk avhvm+yD;rS ausmif;om;or*~onf EdkifiHa&;ESifh ywf oufzdk@vdktyfonf/ odk@rSom wdkif;jynftusdK;udk aqmif&Gufaom tzGJ@jzpfrnfqdk+yD; wuUodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ (wuo) Rangoon University Students Union ( RASU ) z@GJpnf;yHkudka&;qGJum ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;rS twnfjyK+yD;rS wuoudkpwif zGJ@pnf;cJhjcif;jzpfonf? 1935-36 ckESpfwGif wuo OuUX udkEkESifh tdk;a0r*~Zif;t,f'Dwm udkatmifqef; wdk@udk wuUodkvf tm%mydkifrsm;u ta&;,lonfh udpPESifh ywfoufI 'kwd, t=udrfajrmuf


ausmif;om;oydwf jzpfyGm;cJhonf? (1920 ckESpf ausmif;om;oydwfudk yxrt=udrf ausmif;om;oydwf[k ac:onf?) 'kwd,t}udrfausmif;om;oydwfwGif oydwfpcef;udk a&$wd*Hkbk&m; tv,fypP,H wpfae &mwGifxm;cJh.? wuUodkvfausmif;om;oydwfjzpfaomfvnf; oydwfpcef;wGif vkyfudkifp&m rsm;udk txufwef;ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;uom vma&mufaqmif&Guf=u&onf? txufwef;ausmif;om;rsm;om ryg0ifygu oydwfaumfrwD. vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm; tcufawG@bdk@aocsmonf? oydwfudk vlxkaxmufcHr_&atmif pnf;&Hk;v_H@aqmf&mwGifvnf; txufwef;ausmif;om;rsm;. yg0ifr_ut"du jzpfcJhonf? 'kwd,t}udrfausmif;om;oydwf. tawG@t}uHKudk,l+yD; wpfEdkifiHvHk;wGif txufwef; ausmif;om; or*~rsm;zGJhpnf;zdk@vdktyfonf[k oabmwlqHk;jzwfum txufwef;ausmif;rsm;Y ausmif;om;or*~rsm; zGJ@pnf;=uonf? +Adwdo# tpdk;&uvnf; cGifhjyKxm;cJhonf? 193637ckESpfxJwGif txufwef;ausmif;om; or*~rsm;. udk,fpm;vS,frsm; tpnf;a0;udk usif;y+yD; ArmEdkifiHqdkif&mausmif;om;or*~ (Auo)udkpwifzGJ@pnf; vdkuf}uonf? yxrqHk; OuUXtjzpf udkvSarmifudk a&G;aumufwifajrSmuf}uonf? aemufwESpfwGif udkatmifqef; OuUX jzpfvm onf? tzGJcsKyfudk ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*~(Auo) All Burma Students'Union [kac:onf? ausmif;wausmif;csif;tvdkuf/ +rdK@e,for*~/ c&dkifor*~ponfjzifh tqifhqifhzGJ@pnf;onf? or*~emrnfrsm;udk Oyrmtm;jzifh Adkvfwaxmiftxufwef; ausmif; om;rsm;or*~[k ausmif;trnfwyfI ac:jcif;rStpjyK+yD; +rdK@e,ftrnf/ c&dkifwyfI tqifhqifh ac:qdk=uonf? xdkor*~rsm;onf tajccHynm txufwef; ausmif;om;rsm; or*~jzpf aomfvnf; xdkpOfu tajccH[laom trnfudk toHk;jyKjcif;r&SdcJh? AuowGif wuUodkvfESifh aumvdyfor*~rsm;onf tzGJ@0ifr[kwf=u? Auoonf wpfEdkifiHvHk;&Sd ausmif;om;rsm;udk udk,fpm;jyKonfh tzGJ@jzpf&rnf? xdk@a=umifh wuUodkvf/ aumvdyfor*~rsm; yg0ifvmEdkif atmif zGJ@pnf;yHkOya'jyifqifr_&Sd&rnf[k qHk;jzwf+yD; 1951-52 ckESpfwGif ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om; or*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf(Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf) All Burma Federation of Students' Unions (ABFSU)[ktrnfajymif;cJh=uonf? odk@aomf wuUodkvfor*~rsm;onf Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf. w&m;0iftzGJ@jzpfzdk@twGuf oufqdkif&m or*~rsm;. zGJ@pnf;yHkOya'udk ajymif;&OD;rnfjzpf&m vufawG@wGifjyifqif& cufcJojzifh zJ@Gpnf;yHk pnf;rsOf;jyifqifr_rsm; ,aehwdkif+yD;qHk;jcif;r&Sdao;yg? AuowGif 1962 ckESpfu acgif;aqmifjzpfcJh=uaom OuUXudkouf/ taxGaxG twGif;a&;r_;udkwifxGef;wdk@rSm wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm; jzpf=uaomfvnf; wuoudk,fpm;r[kwfyJ wpfOD;csif;tae wif ajrSmufcH=u&jcif;jzpfonf? txufwef;ausmif;rsm;. ynma&;udk wuUodkvfynma&;[kac:aom txufwef; ynmESifh a&maxG;r_jzpfavh&Sdjcif;a=umifh tajccHynmtxufwef;[k toHk;jyK&ef t}uHOm%fudk ausmif;om;rsm;u pwifay;cJh=ujcif; jzpfonf/ 1958ckESpf =o*kwfvtwGif;u oef@&Sif;


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vnfolawGrawG@&ygbl;? ppftpdk;&tusOf;axmifuae vGwfajrmufvmwJhol awmfawmf rsm;rsm;yif olwdk@&ifqdkif}uHKcJhwmawG zGifhcszdk@twGuf rsm;pGmtcuftcJ &SdcJhygonf? EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;qdk&if axmifxJrSm aumif;aumif;rGefrGefae&w,f/ pm;&w,fvdk@ oabmaygufxm;=uwJh jynfolawGudk ,Hk=unfcsufa=umifh tusOf;axmifawGxJrSm Eke,f vSwJhb0awGudk&if;+yD; wdkufyGJ0ifae=uwJh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;awGta=umif;/ qdk;&Gm;vSwJh e0wtusOf;axmifawGta=umif; trSeftwdkif;awG@&Sd&avatmif tckvdk pmtkyfwtkyftaeeJ@ jyKpka&;om;xkwfa0&jcif;yJjzpfygw,f? usaemfaxmifxJrSm&SdaepOf usaemf@tdrfrSm axmif0ifpm twGuf rylryif&aomfvnf; usaemf@rdwfaqGxJujzpfap/ u|efawmf&yfuGufxJu usaemf@udk cifrifwJhrdwfaqGawGxJujzpfap/ usaemf@,Hk=unfcsuftwGuf tm;ay;pum;wcGef;=um;&pOf twdkif;rod usaemfaysmf&$ifcJh&w,f? usaemfa&S@quf&r,fh vrf;awGtwGuf cGeftm;opfawG wdk;cJh&w,f? 'gha=umifh usaemfawG@}uHKcJh&wJh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;b0eJ@ axmifta=umif;udk pmzwfolawGem;vnfpGmjzifh zwf&Sk+yD;wJhtcg ,ckxufxd jrefrmjynf ppftpdk;& tusOf;axmif awGxJrSm,Hk}unfcsufa=umifh b0udkpGef@v$wfae=uwJ@ &[ef;oHCmrsm;/ ausmif;om;vli,f rsm;/ tv$maygif;pHkrS ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk qef@usifawmfvSef&if; axmifusae=uwJh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;tay: pmemem;vnf+yD; wufEdkifwJhaxmifhwae&mav;u pum;av; wcGef;eJ@ yJjzpfap/ tm;ay;ulnDr_wpfckckeJ@jzpfap/ ulnDaxmufcH oGm;apzdk@ &nf&G,f&if; 'Dpmtkyf udk a&;om;&jcif;jzpfygw,f? ,ck pmtkyfwGifyg0ifonfh tcsuftvufrsm; tm;vHk;eJ@yufouf+yD; wm0ef,la=umif;ajym=um;vdkygw,f? 'ghtjyif u|efawmfwdk@awG@ }uHKcHpm;cJh&wmudk a&;om; xm;jcif;jzpfI jynfhpHkrnf[krcH,lyg? tm;enf;csufrsm;&Sdrnfqdkonfudkvnf; &dk;&dk;om;om; 0efcHa=umif; ajymcsifygw,f? “tm;rav#mheJ@? qufomvkyf? igwdk@tjrJtm;ay;aer,f”qdkonfh toHrsm;onf tusOf;axmifrsm;wGif usaemf=um;cJh&pOf jrefrmjynf 'Drdkua&pDa&;twGuf tm;tifrsm; tppftrSefjzpfcJha=umif; xyfrHajymcsifygao;w,f? EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;rsm; tjrJvkd awmifhwonfrSm olwdk@udkaxmufcHtm;ay;onfh vlxk. oabmxm;/ vlxk. toHrsm;yif jzpfygw,f//


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ta=umif;t&m pmrsuEf mS aus;Zl;wifv$m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5) q&mh&Jh Oa,smZOf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (7) pma&;olajymcsifwJhpum; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (13) tcef;(1) (u) ausmif;om;xk nDvmcH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (15) (c) tuo wdk@&Jh qdkif;bkwfjzKwfyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (16) (*)wdrf;a&Smif+yD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (17) (C)rzrf;rcH&cif wpf&uftvdk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (19) tcef;(2) (u) oajyrSm tzrf;cH&+yD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(22) (c) ppfa=uma&;udk jzwfoef;pOf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (24) (*) eH&HawGay:u aยบuG;a=umfoHawG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (29) (C) tdrfomxJu aomufa& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (32) (i)a,mufzudk =uufOwdkufjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(34) (p) tr_wGJawGeJ@ twltcsKyfodk@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (39) tcef;(3) (u) tcsKyfaxmifrSmvlpHk+yD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (42) (c) pwD;0yfrSm &Hk;xkwfwJhae@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (44) (*) 5(n)awGudk cdk;r_yk'frwyfawmh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (47) (C) jcifaxmifawG/ arG@,mawG&wJhaxmif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(49) (i)b0oHo&meJ@ 5(n)awGb0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(50) (p) &ref,l+yD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(52) (q) ppfcHk&Hk;rSm wdkif;jynfudkcspfwJholawG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(53) tcef;(4) (u) tyfxnftvkyfcH&jcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(55) (c) usD;uef;rsdK;awG&Jh awmif,mavbm tefwkyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . .(57) (*) ppfacG;wdkufu i&Jcef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (59) (C) ppfacG;wdkufrSm ae@pOf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (63) (i)ppfacG;wdkufu tjyef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (66)


ta=umif;t&m pmrsuEf mS tcef;(5) (u) rpm;oifhwJh toD;pm;rdvdk@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (68) (c) axmifwGif; edpP"l0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (69) (*) tm;vHk;aumif;ygw,f q&m}uD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(72) (C) tdk;pm;ta=umif;/ +*dKvfta=umif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (73) (i)+*dKvfzrf;enf; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(75) (p) +*dKvfjzpfatmifvkyfjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(77) tcef;(6) (u) axmifwGif;AdkvfvkyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (80) (c) oGm;emaevdk@ vlowfwm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (82) (*) }udK;rdef@eJ@raoyJ aygufjym;eJ@ ao&ol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(85) tcef;(7) (u) axmifaq;&HkqdkonfrSm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (90) (c) vlowfq&m0ef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(93) tcef;(8) (u) tdwfcsftdkifAGDa&m*g ydk;ysH@ESH@yHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(96) (c) &efukef+rdK@ &Jhbdef;pcef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(98) tcef;(9) (u) uGyfpdyfq&m r[mbkwf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(101) (c)axmiftwGif; bk&m;wnf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(103) (*) a&'D,dk0,fay;rdvdk@ axmifusvmwm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(105) (C) axmifwGif;aiGa=u; vJvS,fpepf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (106) (i)axmifpm&if;awGcdk;xkwfawmh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (108) tcef;(10) (u) axmifajymif;+yD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(115) (c) o&ufaxmiftoGm; vrf;c&D;rSm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(122) (*) [if;aumif;vdk@xrif;awmif;wm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(126) (C) axmifw&m;pD&ifcef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(129) tcef;(11) (u)axmif0ifpmwdkufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(131) (c) axmif0ifpmyHkpHwdkufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(137)


ta=umif;t&m pmrsufESm tcef;(12) (u) o&ufaxmifwGif; oufaoxGufqdkcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(142) (c) tnmc&D;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(155) tcef;(13) (u) axmifwGif;owif;pm/ twdktxGm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(167) (c) udktdkufudk aoqHk;r_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(169) tcef;(14) (u) &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; acgif;jzwfowfr_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(174) (c) trsdK;om;nDvmcHeJ@ wdkufydwf'%f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(176) tcef;(15) wGJzufaxmifoHwdkif=um;u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (184) tcef;(16) a'geawmifrSm aewJh awmifay:om;awG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(191) tcef;(17) ydร duwfudkzsufwJh ยบuGufpkwf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(201) tcef;(18) usaemfodcJhzl;wJh olawGxJu trSwfw&rdwfaqGrsm; (u) OD;tkef;jrifh (ocifOD;tkef;jrifh/ wdk;wufa&; ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(213) (c) OD;pdefvS(AdkvfpdefoHr%d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(215) (*) q&mawmfOD;a&0w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (216) (C) &JausmfpGm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(224) tcef;(19) (u) o&ufaxmifu vGwfwJhae@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(226) (c) xGufawmfrl eef;ucGm+yD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(227) rSwfwrf;"mwfyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (230) o&uftusOf;axmifyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(231) o&uftusOf;axmifwGif a&qGJavbm yef;csDyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(232) o&uftusOf;axmif. taqmifyef;csDyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(233) wdkufyHkpHrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(234)s


tcef;(1) (u)

ausmif;om;xknDvmcH

tcsdefumvu 1990 ckESpfxJrSmayg@? arvu ppftpdk;&u usif;yay;wJhygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDa&G;aumufyGJ &v'f tajzxGufvdk@ 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkawG csdefcGif tav;omaecsdefyJ jzpfygw,f? usaemfwdk@ jrefrmEdkifiH&J@ &moDOwkawGxJu rdk;wGif;umv[m 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkawG&J@ oauFwvuQ%mwpfckvdk@ qdk&rvdkygyJ? rdk;wGif;umveJ@ jrefrmEdkifiH 'Drdkua&pDvSkyf&Sm;rSk[m qufpyfaeygw,f? e0wppftpdk;&&Jh nSif;yrf;/ ESdyfpuf/ zrf;qD;rSka=umifh rif;udkEdkiftygt0if ausmif;om;trsm;tjym; zrf;qD;cHae&ovdk/ ppfaxmufvSrf;a&; &J@ nSif;yrf;ESdyfpufrSk'%fawGudk rcH&yfEdkifawmhvdk@ e,fpyfa'orsm;qDudk wdrf;a&SmifoGm;=uwJh ausmif;om; rsm;vnf;&SdcJhygw,f? jyeff@}uJaewJ@ausmif;om;rsm;/ tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk &efukefrsufESmpmrSm pkpnf;Edkifzdk@twGuf rEWav;+rdK@ av;jyifav;&yf oHCmor*~DtzGJ@ OuUX OD;a&0wESifhAuo(txufArmjynf) rSausmif;om;/ vli,fudk,fpm; vS,frsm;jzpf=uonfh rdk;ausmfOD;/ udkpef;,k/ udkrif;rif;OD;/ rcifOrRmjrifh/ rjrifhjrifhcdkif pwJJhrEWav;uausmif;om; xkrsm;&Jh yHhydk;/ ulnD/ }udK;yrf;rSkjzifh &efukefjrdK@ &Sdausmif;om;tzGJhtpnf;rsm;pkpnf;um uspfvpfcdkifrmaom ArmEdkifiHqdkif&m ausmif;om;r*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (atmufArmjynf) udkjyefvnfzGJ@pnf;I ArmEdkifvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;xk nDvmcH}uD;udk 1990ckESpf/ZGefv(28)&ufae@rS Zlvdkifv(2)&ufae@ txd rEWav;+rdK@ jrawmif bkef;}uD;ausmif;wkdufrSm usif;yjyKvkyfcJhw,f? tJ'DnDvm}uD;uae+yD; ausmifom;xkrS awmif;qdkcsuf(6)csuf/ twnfjyKcsuf(3)&yf/ a&S@vkyfief;pOf (3)&ufcsrSwfEdkifcJhygw,f? tJ'DtxJuyg0ifwJhtcsuf (1)csufuawmhAuorsm;tzGJ@csKyf&J@ 1960ckESpfrSm usif;ycJhwJh qXrt}udrfausmif;om;xk nDvmcH}uD;uae twnfjyKcsrSwfxm;cJhwJh rl(5)csufudk qufvuf udkifqGJ+yD; txufArmjynfausmif;om;rsm;eJ@ atmufArmjynfausmif;om;rsm; [efcsufnDnDyl;aygif;+yD; ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk wdkufyGJ0ifoGm;zdk@ ausmif;om;xku oH"dXmefawGcsrSwfcJ@w,f? tJ'Dae&mrSm AuotzGJ@csKyf&Jh csrSwfxm;wJhrl(5)csufuawmh...... (1)? ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&;umuG,fa&; (2)? 'Drdkua&pDynma&; (3)? 'Drdkua&pDa&; (4)? jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&; (5)? trsdK;om;a&; ...wdk@yJjzpfw,f?


tuowdk@&Jh qdkif;bkwfjzKwfyGJ (c)

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vdrfajymvdkufygw,f? 'gayr,fh usGefawmfvG,fxm;wJhtdwfudk &SmazGcsdefrSmawmh uHqdk;pGmyJ 'dkif,m &DpmtkyfxJu EdkifiHom; pdppfa&;u'fjym; xGufusoGm;ygw,f? 'g rif;pdppfa&;u'fjym;r[kwfvm; vdk@ar;wma}umifh usaemfvnf; jiif;vdk@r&awmhygbl;? aemufawmh “rif;um;ay: jyefwuf” qdkwJhtoH=um;vdk@ um;ay:uae acgif;iHk@=unfhvdkufawmh &JausmfpGm(uwHk;eJ@) jyefwufvmwmudk awG@&ygw,f? olvnf; ol@&Jhausmif;om;u'fudk axmufvSrf;a&;u awG@oGm;vdk@ um;ay:wufcdkif;cH&wmyg? usefwJholawGudkawmh emrnfvdrfpm ,l+yD;jyefv$wfay;vdkufygw,f? &JausmfpGmu Adkvfwaxmiftxu(2)u ausmif;om;wpfOD;yg? Adkvfwaxmif+rdK@e,fu tajccHynm ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f wpfOD;vnf; jzpfygw,f? ol@tudkjzpfol udkbb}uD;(c) udkrif;atmif[m 1988ckESpf ta&;tcif;umvu a':atmifqef;pk=unf&Jh vHkjcHKa&;udk,l&wJh oHk;a&mifjc,fausmif;om;tzGJ@u jzpfygw,f? 88 ta&;tcif;rSm wufwufºuGºuG vSkyf&Sm;cJh vdk@ e0wppfaxmufvSrf;a&;&Jh zrf;qD;rSkudkcHcJh&ygw,f? tif;pdef/ om,m0wDtusOf;axmifawGuae jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvm+yD; r=umcifrSmyJ olwdk@&Jh rdbawGu &JausmfpGmwdk@ nDtudkESpfa,mufudk omoemhabmifudk0ifapcJhygw,f? olwdk@ nDtudk(2)a,muf oCFef;pnf;omoemhabmif0ifwkef; tpnf;ta0;wpfckrSm Adkvfwaxmif+rdK@e,fu ausmif;om;awGeJ@om awG@&+yD; +rdK@e,fwm0efcHeJ@ rawG@awmh &JausmfpGmta=umif; ar;=unfhcJhygw,f? oloCFef;0wfaewmudk od&awmh usaemf&,f/ w&kwf}uD;(c)wifa&$&,f ESpfa,mufom;ol&SdwJhbkef; }uD;ausmif;udkvdkufoGm;cJhygw,f? +yD;awmh “&JausmfpGm? rif;r&Sdvdk@wdkif;eJ@ rif;wdk@+rdK@e,f tquftoG,fjywf aew,f? vSkyf&Sm;rSkawG&Sdvdk@ rif;wdk@ +rdK@e,frSm rif;r&Sdvdk@ rjzpfbl;”ponfjzifh usaemfwdk@&Jh wdkufwGef;rSka=umifh &JausmfpGm wpfa,muf &ufraphcifrSmyJ oCFef;csGwfcJhygw,f? vl@abmifudk ul;ajymif;+yD; aemufwae@ ylyal EG;aEG;rSmyJ usaemfeJ@twl tzrf;chJ&wmyg? (&JausmdpGm[m 1990ckESpfrSm usaemfwdk@eJ@ twlwlaxmifuscJh+yD;/ 1993 ckESpfrSm vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifheJ@ jyefvnf vGwfajrmufoGm;cJhygw,f? jyifyrSm q,fwef; pmar;yGJudk 0ifa&mufajzqdkcJh+yD;/ &efukefpufr_ wuUodkvfudk wufcGifh&cJhygw,f? 'gayr,fh &JausmfpGm[m 1996ckESpf 'DZifbm ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; vSkyf&Sm;rSkrSm wufwufºuGºuG yg0ifcJhwma=umifh axmufvSrf;a&;&Jh zrf;qD;r_ udkjyefvnfcHcJh&+yD; axmif'%f(19)ESpf csrSwf cHcJh&ygw,f?)

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a,mufzudk=uufOwdkufjcif; (i) usaemfwdk@ tajccHynmausmif;om;or*~(&efukefwdkif;)uae+yD; e0w&Jh vl@tcGifhta&; csdK;azmuf wJhudpPwpfckeJ@ yufoufvdk@ a=ujimcsuf wpfapmifxkwfjyefum jynfoltrsm;odapzdk@twGuf jzef@a0cJh ygao;w,f? tJ'D a=ujimcsufxJrSm &efukef+rdK@/ =unfhjrifwdki+f rdK@e,frSm&SdwJh ordkif;0if vGwfvyfa&;&yfuGufzsuf odrf;cH&a=umif;/ vGwfvyfa&;&yfuGuf[m ArmjynfvGwfvyfa&; r&cif 1347ckESpfwkef;u AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;eJ@tzGJ@ t*FvefEdkifiHrSm vGwfvyfa&;&r,fvdk@ yxOD;qHk;ajymqdkcJhwJh tcsdefrSm jynfol trsm;u vGwfvyfa&;&Jh a&Shajy;erdwfwcktjzpfeJ@ vGwfvyfa&;&yfuGufvdk@ uifyGef;wyfcJhwJh ordkif;0if&yfuGuf wpfckjzpfa=umif;/ 'gayr,fh e0w&JhppfwyfrS ordkif;0ifvGwfvGyfa&;uGufudk twif;t"rR tiftm;oHk;+yD; &yfuGufvHk;usGwf tpkvdkuftjyHKvdkuf ajymif;a&$haea=umif;/ xdkjynfolrsm;udk+rdK@opfrsm;okd@ t"rRydk@aqmifae a=umif; azmfjyxm;ygw,f? tJ'Da=ujimcsufpmapmifudk axmufvSrf;a&;awGu &&SdoGm;ygw,f? tJ'Dpm&Gufudk axmufvSrf;a&;u aoaocsmcsmzwf&_@+yD; “rif;wdk@u ordkif;0if&yfuGufav;/ bmav;eJ@/ b,fae&mzsufzsuf/ b,fae&mydk@ydk@ rif;wdk@tyl bmygvJ” avoHrmrmeJ@ajymygw,f? pmapmif&Jh atmufzufydkif;ku rdwWLudk EdkifiHjcm;oH&Hk;rsm;tm;vHk; (xdkif;EdkifiHrSty)ESifh EdkifiHjcm;owif;Xmetm;vHk;(vkyfom;jynfol@ ae@pOfowif;pmrSty) vdk@a&;om;xm; wmudk awG@oGm;awmh pm;yGJcHkudk ol@&Jhvuf0g;eJ@&dkuf+yD; “a[haumif/ vkyfom;jynfol@ ae@pOfowif;pmuaum owif;Xmewpfck r[kwfbl;vm;? rif;wdk@yaxG;awGudk tm;udk;w,f [kwfvm;”qdk+yD; usaemfh&ifbwfudkvufoD;eJ@ wpfcsuf ypfxdk;vdkufygw,f? “rif;em;vnfatmifajymvdkufr,f/ igwdk@zmom b,f&yfuGuaf &$@a&$@ rif;tylrygbl;/ rif;eJ@ bmqdkif vdk@vJ/ taeom}uD;uG/ 'gEdkifiHawmft}uD;tuJawG&Jh apwem/ tJ'Dapwemudk apmfum;w,f vlujzifh wrdkufavmufyJ&Sdao;w,f/ vlyg;0vdk@/ rif;ub,favmuf em;vnfvdk@vJ” “.........” “rif;wdk@yaxG;awG toHv$ifhXmeu ajymwmawGudk t[kwf}uD;xif+yD; odyf,HkraeeJ@? rif;acgif;xJrSm +rJ+rJrSwfxm;/ rif;odxm;zdk@u tckwdkif;jynfudktkyfcsKyfaewJh ol[m b,folvJ” “.........” “a&ajr@ocifuG/ rif;... uG? rif;}um;zl;vm;” “=um;zl;ygw,f” “at;/ 'DEdkifiH&Jh a&/ ajrawGudk ydkifqdkifwJh ocifuG/ b,fajrrqdkydkifw,f/ oltkyfcsKyfwJhtcsdefrSm olvkyfcsifovdk vkyfvdk@&w,f” “.........” “rif;udk&Sif;&Sif;bJajymr,f/ ocsFdKif;ukef;uajrutp rif;rdef@/ rif;tm%meJ@ a&G@vdk@&w,f?ukefukef ajymr,fuGm/ rif;wdk@ taztaraewJh ae&mawGudkawmif tckz,f/ zsufqdk csufcsif;zsufypf&r,f/ em;vnfvm;” wif;wif;aphxm;wJh usaemfhtHoGm;awGudk zd}udwfxm;vdkufw,f? ausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_ owif;awGudk oH&Hk;awGudkay;ydk@cJ@wmeJ@ yufouf+yD;awmh axmufvSrf;a&;uquf+yD;ar; ygw,f?


“rif; oH&Hk;awGudk b,fvkdyHkpHeJ@ owif;ay;wmvJ” “oH&Hk;u owif;Xmeudk 'Dtwdkif;yJoGm;ay;ygw,f” “olwdk@u 'Dtwdkif;yJvufcHovm;” “[kwfuJh/ vufcHygw,f” “bmowif;awGrif;ydk@cJhovJ” “ausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_ owif;rSefor#ydk@ cJhygw,f” “b,fESpf}udrfavmufydk@jzpfvnf;” “usaemfta&twGuf aoaocsmcsm rrSwfrdygbl;” “'gqdk trsm;}uD;jzpfrSmaygh” “usaemfc%c% roGm;&Jygbl;/ oH&Hk;tjyifzufrSm axmufvSrf;a&;awG &Sdaew,fqdkvdk@yg” “tJ'Dvdk rif;u oH&Hk;awGudk owif;ay;awmh oH&Hk;awGu rif;udkbmjyefay;vJ” “bmrSjyefray;bl;” “a[haumif ayghayghqq rajzeJ@/ oGm;usdK;oGm;r,f/ igajymwm oH&Hk;urif;udk OyrmuGm tar&duef a':vmrsdK;/ 'gr[kwfrodrom rif;udkowif;ay;vdk@ jyefay;wJhyHkpHrsdK; r[kwfyJ rif;twGufvufaqmif vdkaxmufyHhwmrsdK; bmay;zl;vJ” “usGefawmfbmrSr&ygbl;/ usaemfu0g'jzef@ &HkoufoufygyJ/ bmtaxmuftyHhrSr&ygbl;/ urBmudk odatmif 0g'jzef@ wmwckwnf;ygyJ” “bmvdk@urBmudkawmfawmftm;udk;ae&wmvJ/ rif;wdk@u qlqlylyljzpfatmifvkyf/ igwdk@u rjzpfoifhwmawG rjzpfatmif udkifwG,f&if rif;wdk@u r[kwfrrSefwmawG owif;ay;/ urBmuigwdk@udk todtrSwf rjyKatmifvkyf/ [kwfvm;/&w,f/ igwdk@ubmrSrjzpfbl;/ rif;wdk@yJ'kuQa&mufrSm/ urBmu tqufjzwfawmhvJ bmjzpfvJ/ a[haumif 26ESpfvHk;vHk; b,fol@taxmuftyHhrS r,lyJaecJhwmuG/ 8888 aemufwcg jzpfawmhaum 0efxrf;awG&Sdor#/ aumfydka&;&Sif;&Sdor# tukeftukef oydwfarSmuftHk;/ wdk@rSm wyf&Sdw,f/ 'dk@wyfrawmfrSm q&m0efawG&Sdw,f/ tif*sifeD,mawG/ todynm&Sif twwfynm&Sif wyfrawmf om;awG&dSw,f/ tpdk;&,EW&m; &yfoGm;r,frxifeJ@/ wufwufpifvGJoGm;r,f/ aemufigwdk@ tpdk;&vl}uD;awG tkyfcsKyfwkef; 8888vdkyHkpHrsKd ; xyfrjzpfap&bl;/ rSwfxm;?” “.........” “rif;wdk@ a':atmifqef;pk=unf qdkwmuvnf; wdkif;jynftwGuf bmwpfckvkyfay;cJhwm&SdvJ/ rif; pOf;pm;=unfh/ ol@tazt&SdefeJ@/ AdkvfcsKyfqdkwmuGm rif;wdk@u pmtkyfav;zwf/ tmZmenfae@a&mufrS tav;jyKzl;wmyg? igwdk@wyfrawmfxJrSm ae@wdkif; tav;jyKopPmqdkaewmuG/ rif;wdk@xufydkcspfw,f/ wdkif;jynftwGuf bmwpfckrS tepfemcHcJhwm r&SdyJeJ@ ol@taraeraumif;wmvm&if; zsm0ifcif;wm/ ay:wif}uD; yguGm” a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@ yufouf+yD; pmeJ@a&;jyzdk@ roifhawmfaom pum;vHk;rsm;jzifh quf+yD; ajym qdkygw,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk yk*d~Kvfa&;t& ykwfcwf+yD; atmufwef;usaom toHk;tE_ef; rsm;jzifh apmfum; ajymjyefygw,f? tm;&atmif ajymqdk+yD;rS usaemfhudk ppfaq;aewm jyefpygw,f? “rif;oH&Hk;awGudk owif;ydk@awmh oH&Hk;urif;udk owif;wyk'f b,favmufay;vJ” “usGefawmfwpfjym;rSr&ygbl;” “rif;vdrfaewm” qdk+yD; 'Dar;cGef;udkyJ xyfwvJvJ jyefar;ygw,f? usaemfuvnf; jyefjiif;ygw,f? (2)}udrfavmuf jiif;+yD;wJhtcgusawmh aemufwa,mufu usaemfhyg;udk bmrajym/ nmrajymeJ@ 0if&dkuf ygawmhw,f? usaemfvnf; &kwfw&uf}uD; cHvdkuf&wmrdk@ rsufvHk;awG jymqif;oGm;ygw,f?


acsG;ap;awGjyefvm+yD; touf&_usyfvmygw,f? &dkufESufr_[m c%av;yJ =umw,fqdkayr,fh 0dkif;+yD; xdk;ESuf=uwma=umifh aysmhacGoGm;ovdk jzpfoGm;ygw,f? xdk;ESufr_u wpfa,mufwnf; r[kwfwmuawmh usdef;aoygw,f? “oH&Hk;urif;udk b,favmufay;vJ” “wpfjym;rSray;ygbl;” usaemfqDu tajzjyef&awmh usaemfhvufESpfzufudk aemufjyefypf+yD; rsufESmudk tkwfeH&HeJ@ jym;aeatmif uyfcdkif;ygw,f? rif;udkuyfcdkif;wm tJ'DvdkyHkpHr[kwfbl;uG vdk@qdk+yD; usaemfhcE<mudk,fudk aemufuae wtm;aqmifh+yD; zdvdkufygw,f? usaemfhrsufESmudk tkwfeH&HeJ@ awhqdkifxm;+yD; qHyifudk aemufuae aqmifhqGJ xm;vdkufw,f “rif;rSefrSefajzrvm;/ rajzbl;vm;” “igwdk@udk a'goxGufatmif vmrprf;eJ@/ rif;udkoH&Hk;u bmjyefay;vJ” “wu,f bmrSray;ygbl;” usaemfh toHawG wkef&Daewmudk owdxm;&if;uyJ jyefajzvdkufygw,f? usaemfh qHyifudk qGJxm;&if;u tkwfeH&eH J@ wpfcsufaqmifhcHvdkuf&ygw,f? “a[haumif/ acgif;rrmeJ@” “usaemftom;temcH+yD; ayuyfuyfvdrfaewm r[kwfygbl;/ um,uH&SifawGtodqHk;yJ/ wu,fudk wpfjym;qdk wpfjym;rSr&bl;/ olwdk@uvnf; usaemfhudkray;zl;bl;/ cifAsm;wdk@ auseyfatmifvdrf +yD;xGufqdk ay;&rSmvm;/ 'gqdk cifAsm;wdk@u oH&Hk;uusGefawmfudk bmawGay;w,fvdk@ xGufqdkapcsifvJ/ usaemfajymr,f” tJ'DrSm eH&HrSmuyfxm;wJholu usaemfhcE<mudk,fudk jyefcGm+yD; ppfaq;zdk@ taetxm;twdkif; 'l;auG;/ ajccGJ/ vufajrSmufcdkif;ygw,f? awmfawmfeJ@ rppfaq;ao;ygbl;/ aemufrS “a[haumif/ tarausmf a'G;awmf vGrf;w,fqdkwJh pum;vHk;udkem;vnfvm;” “[kwfuJh/ em;vnfygw,f” “-D; em;vnfwmvm;/ rif;em;vnf&if 'Dudka&mufvmp&m ta=umif;r&Sdbl;/ igwdk@vnf;rif;udk ppfaq;p&mr&Sdbl;/ rif;wdk@udk tcsdefawGukef/ vlawGukefeJ@ rjzpfoifhwmawG rjzpf&atmif zrf;&/ qD;&/ xdef;odrf;&eJ@ vl}uD;awGu tem*gwf EdkifiHawmfwnfaqmufwJh tvkyfawGudk vkyfaewmuG/ rif;wdk@vdk zsufqD;wJh aumifawG&Sdvdk@ wdk;wufa&;vkyfief;awG aESmifhaES;ae&wm/ uJajymprf;ygOD;/ tar ausmfa'G;awmf vGrf;w,f qdkwmudkrif;od&if” “rdcift&if;udk ausmf+yD; rdaxG;udk wrf;wwmudk ajymwmyg?” “at;/ rif;wdk@u tJ'gxufawmifqdk;ao;w,f/” “a,mufzudk =uufOwdkufwJhaumifawG/” “a,mufzudk =uufOwdkufw,fqdkwm rif;odvm;/ a,mufzudk =uufOwdkufawmh rif;nDryJ emrSmaygh?” “.........” “rif;rSmnDr&Sdvm;” “r&Sdygbl;” “tr&Sdvm;” “r&Sdygbl;” “tarawmh&Sdw,fr[kwfvm;” “&Sdygw,f” “.........” “at;/ rif;tarae&mrSm rdaxG;xm;=unfhprf;/ rif;vufcHrvm;”


“.........” “rat-dk;ykqdef&dk;awG/ a[haumif rif;wdk@'Davmufawmif oH&Hk;awGudk tm;udk;+yD; owif;awG[dkydk@/ 'Dydk@vkyfaewm rif;wdk@tusdK;tjrwfwpfckckawmh&vdk@jzpf&r,f? bmawG&vJ/ rSefrSefajzprf;/” “usaemfwu,fajymwmyg/ bmrSr&ygbl;” “-D;bmrSr&yJ 'Dtvkyfudkvkyfrvm;uG/ apmuft"dy`g,fr&SdwmawG vmajymraeeJ@/ a[haumif 'DaumifawG rif;wdk@udkbmawGckdif;ao;vJ” “bmrSrcdkif;ygbl;” “a[haumif/ apmufwvGJawG ajymraeeJ@/ rif;tar/ rif;ESrawGudk 'Dukvm;jzLawGeJ@ qufqH&rSmudk rif;wdk@u vdkvm;w,faygh/ rif;udkigwdk@ tckv$wfay;vdkuf&ifvnf; rif;yaxG;awGqDudk oGm;+yD; &ifzGifhOD;r,f r[kwfvm;/ ajymprf;ygOD;” “rajymygbl;” “at;/ rif;rajymvJ/ v$wfray;bl;/ rif;wdk@awGu wdkif;jynfudk zsufqD;aewJh aumifawGyJ/ rif;wdk@udk,fcsif;rpmwJhaumifawG/ rif;wdk@t&G,f oli,fcsif;awGxJrSm at;at;csrf;csrf; ynmoif=um;csif=u wJh olawG&Sdw,f? rif;wdk@awG tckvdkt"dy`g,fr&Sd av#mufvkyfvdk@ olwdk@av;awG trsm;}uD;xdcdkufw,f? qefukefajrav;awG/ vrf;ray:rSm t"dy`g,fr&Sd [kdygwDvl}uD;ucdkif;/ [dkoH&Hk;ucdkif;eJ@ rif;wdk@t[kwf}uD; atmufarh+yD; av#mufvkyf/ tzrf;cH&awmh rif;wdk@yJ t&ifqHk; tzrf;cH&wm/rif;wdk@udk cdkif;wJhvl}uD;awGurygovdk/ rqdkifovdk ESyfae=uwm/ rif;wdk@u bmrSrodwJh ajrZmyifawG/ cdkif;or# av#mufvkyf/ igwdk@utay:uae tukefjrifw,f/ odw,f/rif;wdk@aemufrSm bmawG&Sdw,fqdkwmodw,f” “aumif;+yD/ rif;wdk@ atmfcsif&if atmfvdk@&atmif/ awmif;csifwmawmifvdk@ &atmif/ rif;wdk@eJ@oifhawmfwJh ae&mydk@ay;r,f/ tJ'Dae&ma&mufrS rif;wdk@ vdkcsifwmtukefawmif;/ =um;vm;” zufqpfwyfrawmf&Jh aumif;rGefr_awGudk csD;rGrf;cef;zGifh+yD;(7)&ufajrmufwJhae@rSm usaemfhacgif;u rsufESmzHk;udk csGwfcdkif;ygw,f? +yD;awmh usaemfh&Jh xGufqdkcsufawGudk vufESdyfpufeJ@ &dkufxm;wJh pm&GufawGrSm vufrSwfxdk;cdkif;ygw,f? tJ'Dpm&GufxJrSm bmawGygw,f/ bmawGa&;xm;w,fqdkwm jyefvnfzwfcGifhray;yJ vufrw S fudkyJ xdk;cdkif;wmyg? olwdk@a&;xm;wJh pm&GufawGay:rSm vufrSwfxdk;aepOf olwdk@&JhrsufESmawGudk usaemfrjrif&atmif usaemfhacgif;udk pm;yGJcHkeJ@ eD;eD;uyfuyf iHk@cdkif;xm;ygw,f? usaemfhudk ppfaq;wJh axmufvSrf;a&;wpfa,muf olzwfzdk@,lvmwJh r*~Zif;pmtkyfudk usaemfvSrf;=unfhrdygw,f? tJ'Dr*~Zif;pmtkyfausmzHk;u a&$ykZGefudwfrkef@ a=umfjimay:rSm pnf;wHqdyf wpfckudk awG@&vkd@ trSwfrxif =unfhvdkufawmh “trSwf(7)wyfrawmfaxmufvSrf;a&;wyf/ pm=unfhwdkuf” qdkwm udkawG@ &ygw,f? tr_wGJawGe@J twl tcsKyfodk@ (p) naexrif;udk jrefjrefpm;cdkif;aeuwnf;u usaemfhudk axmifudk ydk@awmhr,fqdkwm &dyfrdvdkufygw,f? jrefjrefvkyf/ ydwfoGm;OD;r,f qdk+yD; olwdk@tcsif;csif; ajymqdkaeoHawG cyfwdk;wdk; =um;ae&ygw,f? 'Daxmuf vSrf;a&;pcef;uae vGwfajrmuf+yD; axmifudkoGm;&awmhrSmrdk@ pdwfxJrSm usdwf+yD; 0rf;omaerdygw,f? axmufvSrf;a&;pcef;&Jh nSif;yrf; ESdyfpufr_awGudk usaemfwkefv_yfrdygw,f? axmufvSrf;a&;i&Jcef; uaevGwfajrmufawmhrSmrdk@ axmifudkom jrefjrefydk@ygawmhvdk@ qkawmif;aerdygw,f? axmufvSrf;a&;qDrSm (1)&ufae&wm touf(1)ESpfwdkoGm;ovdk cHpm;&wma=umifhrdk@yg? &Jarmfxl;tcef;qDrS tpfudk/ xrif;


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(p) &ref,jl yef+yD;

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ac:oGm;ygw,f? txl;ppfcHk&Hk;udka&mufawmh usaemfywf0ef;usifudk a0h0J=unfhvdkufygw,f? w&m;&Hk;&Jh tv,fwnfhwnfhrSm EdkifiHawmfwHqdyfudk csdwfxm;ygw,f? wHqdyf&Jh b,fzufrSmawmh trsdK;om;acgif;aqmif}uD; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;&Jh "gwfyHkudk csdwfxm;ygw,f? "gwfyHkxJrSm AdkvfcsKyfu usaemfudk tm;ay;aewJh t+yHK;eJ@awG@&w,fvdk@ pdwfxJrSm cHpm;rdw,f? usaemf&ifxJ tenf;i,f+idrfoufoGm;ygw,f? nmzuftjcrf;rSmawmh EdkifiH&Jhvlowfaumifae0if; ppf,leDazmif;0wfxm;+yD; +yHK;aewJht+yHK;[m usaemfwdk@udk avSmif&,faeovm; atmufarh&ygw,f? olt+yHK;udk awG@&awmh cg;oufoGm;ygw,f? eH&HeJh uyf&yfpifjrifhrSm pm;yGJcHkwvHk;eJ@ xdkifcHk(3)vHk;csxm;ygw,f? pm;yGJcHkrSmawmh uvyfwpfckeJ@ uwWDygtkyfxm;wJh pmtkyfawGudkawG@&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@udk trdef@cscgeD;awmh ppfwyfAdkvfr_}uD;(3)a,muf cHkay:rSm ae&m,lygw,f? +yD;awmh yef;bJwef;+rdK@e,fu &Jpcef;r_;u axmufvSrf;a&;awGa&;ay;xm;wJh rw&m;vkyf}uHcsufawGudk zwfjyygw,f? pGJcsufawGudkzwfjy+yD;awmh w&m;ol}uD;vkyfwJh Adkvfr_;}uD;(3)a,mufu “bmwifjyp&m&Sdao;vJ” qdk+yD; usaemfwdk@udk ar;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@uvnf; bmrS wifjyp&mr&Sdbl;vdk@ jyefajymvdkufawmh &efukefwdkif;ppfXmecsKyf/ ukef;jrifhom,mu usaemfwdk@wpfOD;csif;pD&Jh emrnfawGeJh ay;vdkufwJh pmtdyfawGudk azmufygawmhw,f? tJ'D pmtdwfxJrSm uscH&rJhjypf'%feJ@ tvkyf=urf; awGudk a&;xm;wm jzpfygw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm ppfcHk&Hk;u usGefaemfwdk@udk “oifwdk@rSmtjypf&Sdvm;/ r&Sdbl;vm;”vdk@xyfar;ygw,f? olwdk@tJ'Dvdk ar;wJhtcgrSm tjypfr&Sda=umif; jiif;qdk&if ppfcHk&Hk;rSmyJ jypf'%fxyfwdk;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@a&S@rSmxdkifaewJh Adkvfr_;awG xyfwdk;wJhtcgolwdk@ vkyfcsifovdk vkyfydkifcGifh&Sd+yD;/ jypf'%favsmhaygh tcgusawmh vkyfydkifcGifh r&Sdbl;vdk@ od&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@ tr_awGudk atmufygtwdkif; jypf'%fcsrSwfvdkufygw,f// (1)?udkatmifxGef;-&efukefpufr_wuUodkvfausmif;om; (1950jynfhESpfta&;ay:pDrHcsuf tufOya' yk'fr 5(n)t& tvkyf=urf;eJ@ axmif'%f(5)ESpf) (2)? udknDaxG;cdkif- oHk;a&mifjc,f ausmif;om;tzGJ@ (1950jynfhESpfta&;ay:pDrHcsuf tufOya' 5(n)t& tvkyf=urf;ESifhaxmif'%f(4)ESpf) (3)?udkom;nGef@OD;- aq;wuUodkvfausmif;om; (1950jynfhESpfta&;ay:pDrHcsuf tufOya'yk'fr 5(n) tvkyf=urf;ESifhaxmif'%f(5)ESpf) (4)?udk&Jarmfxl;(tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm;or*~) &efukefwdkif; (1950jynfhESpfta&;ay: pDrHcsuftufOya'yk'fr 5(n)t& tvkyf}urf;ESifhaxmif'%f(4)ESpf) (5)?udk&JausmfpGm-(tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm;o*~) &efukefwdkif;(1950jynfhESpfta&;ay:pDrHcsuf tufOya' yk'fr 5(n)t& tvkyf=urf;ESifhaxmif'%f(3)ESpf) (6)? udkaevif;-(tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm;or*~)&efukefwdkif; (1950jynfhESpfta&;ay:pDrHcsuf tufOya' yk'fr 5(n)t& tvkyf=urf;ESifhaxmif'%f(5)ESpf) usaemfwdk@ tr_wGJawG&Jh tdrfawGtoD;oD;u tif;pdefaxmifAl;0rSmwpfokwf/ bm;vrf;(pwD;0yf)tcsKyfrSmeJ@ +rdK@e,fw&m;&Hk;rSmwpfokwf vlpkcGJ+yD; apmifhae=uygw,f? usaemfwdk@&Jhowif;udk em;pGifh&mrS usaemfwdk@udk tif;pdefaxmifAl;0rSm &Hk;xkwf+yD;ppfcHk&Hk;rSm trdef@cs vdkufwJhta=umif;udk axmifAl;0rSmapmifhaewJh wpfokwfuawG@oGm;+yD; usefwJhtdrftoD;oD;udk csufcsif; ta=umif;=um; vdkufwma=umifh trdef@cst+yD;rSm usaemfwdk@awG tdrfeJ@acwWawG@&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@&Jhjypf'%f awGudk=um;vdkuf&wJh tdrfawGtoD;oD;u vlawGu idkawmhr,fhrsufESmawG/ 0rfenf;a=uuGJaewJh rsufESm awGeJ@awG@&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@&Jh tr_wGJawGtm;vHk;[m usaemfwdk@&Jh,Hk=unfcsufa=umifh e0w&Jhtjypf'%fudk&ifqdkifzdk@ wufºuGwJhrsufESmrsdK;awGeJ@ &Sdaeygw,f? usaemfwdk@awG rdbawGeJ@ pum;ajymaecsdefrSm usaemfwdk@udk trdef@cscJhwJh ppfcHk&Hk;u Adkvfr_;}uD;aw Gvm=unfhygw,f? tJ'DrSm usaemfwdk@xJu rdom;pkwpfpku


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tcef;(4) (u) tyfxnftvkyfcH&jcif; usaemfwdk@awG axmifus+yD;jzpfvdk@ oD;oef@axmifrSm&SdwJh tcsKyfcef;uae axmifusaqmifu taqmif(1)udk ajymif;ae&ygw,f? axmifus+yD; wpfywfavmuftxdawmh oD;oef@rSm ae&ygao;w,f? aemufrS jrefrmjynfaxmifawGxJu emrnf}uD; “tif;pdefA[dk pHjy tusOf;axmif”udkusaemfwdk@ tr_wGJawG tm;vHk;ajymif;a&$@ &ygw,f? tif;pdefaxmif&Jh A[dkcsufrjzpfwJh rdef;a*s;vfudka&mufawmh usGefawmfwdk@ tr_wGJawGudk taqmifwpfaqmifpD cGJ+yD;ydk@ vdkufygawmhw,f? usaemfuawmh trSwf(4) tdyfaqmifudk a&mufoGm;ygw,f? usaemfae&wJh taqmifuaxmifr_; atmif}uD; vdk@ac:ygw,f? usaemf a&mufa&mufcsif; axmifpnf;urf;awGeJ@ yufouf+yD; =o0g'ydk@csvdkufwm tenf;qHk;(5) em&D avmuf=umoGm;ygw,f? ae@cif;xJu axmifxJrSm b,fvdkae&r,f pwmawGudk r+yD;qHk;Edkifatmifudk ajymaewm axmifydwfwJh tcsdefxdyJjzpfygw,f? odyfr=umcifrSmyJ awmifOuUvmyu yef;csD/ &kyfjy/ umwGef;q&m udkbdkbdkxGef;[m 5(n)eJ@ usaemfwdk@&Jh taqmifudk a&mufvmygawmhw,f? olvnf; axmifr_;atmif}uD;&Jh =o0g'awGudk em&Daygif;rsm; pGm cHvdkuf&ygao;w,f? tif;pdefaxmifr}uD;udk a&muf+yD; wpfywfavmuft=umrSm axmifydkifu ac:cdkif;w,fqdk+yD; usaemfhudk vmac:ygw,f? usaemfvnf;bkrod brodeJ@ rdef;a*s;udkxGu+f yD; axmifydkifOD;vS=unfe@J awG&ygw,f? axmifydkifOD;vS=unfu usaemfhudk aoaocsmcsm pdkuf=unfh+yD; “rif;udk txufvl}uD;awGu ighudktyfxm;w,f” qdk+yD; axmifwGif;vHk+cHKa&;udpPawGrSm olwdk@tusOf;OD;pD;Xme(t/ u/ p)u vl}uD;awGeJ@ yl;aygif;+yD; owif;ay;(informer)vkyfzdk@ wdkufwGef;ygawmhw,f? aemuf+yD; usaemfaewJhtaqmifu axmifr_; atmif}uD; udkac:+yD; “'Daumifhudk=unfhxm;vdkuf” vdk@ajymvdkufygw,f? usaemftaqmifudk jyefa&mufawmh tvkyfwm0efawG toD;oD;udk axmifus tusOf;om;awGudk csygw,f? tJ'DrSmusGefawmfu tjcm; 5(n)awGenf;wl awmif,mrvkyf&yJ oufomwJh yef;+cH qdkwJh bkwfudkcsay;ygw,f? usaemfvnf; axmifuswm bmrSr=umao;awmh tajctaeawG tm;vHk;udk aoaocsmcsmrodao;vdk@ taqmifu 5(n)awGudk tusdK;ta=umif; ar;=unfh&ygw,f?


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“rif;udk b,folu tvkyfwm0ef ay;xm;ao;vdk@vJ/ rae@wae@urS axmifusvm+yD; &ufydkif;awmif r&Sdao;bl;/ bmvJ/ rif;wdk@&JabmfawGeJ@ twlwlvdkufcsifvdk@vm;/ &w,f/ aemuf vdkufcsifao;wJh aumif&Sd&ifajymOD;aemf” ae@vnfydkif;rSm &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfu aZmf&J0if;eJ@ pdk;cwdk@u jzpfcJ@wJhjy\em tajctae tao;pdwfudk axmifydkif vS=unfqD oGm;wifjyygw,f? axmifr_;atmif}uD;[m 5(n)EdkifiHa&; tusOf; om;rsm;udk wrifjy\em vdkuf&Smae+yD; jy\emtao;tzGJ udktus,fcsJ@um axmifydkifxH taumuf}uH+yD; vdrfvnfwifjy wmjzpfa=umif;/ 5(n)awGtay: tjrifr=unfvifwJh axmifr_; tkyfcsKyfa&;ae&mrSm jy\em wpfckr[kwfwpfckjzpf aerSmjzpfa=umif;/ 'gha=umifh axmifr_; atmif}uD; udk taqmif(4)uae z,f&Sm;ay;zdk@/ 'grSr[kwf&if taqmif(4)u EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;rsm;udk tjcm; taqmif wpfckckudkajymif;a&$hay;zdk@ axmifydkifudk wifjy=uygw,f? rdef;a*s;vfrSm&SdwJh axmiftm%mydkifawGuvJ olwdk@0efxrf; axmifr_;atmif}uD; ajymor#udkom vufcHxm;+yD; 5(n)awG&Jh wifjycsufawGudk tom;av;rSdef;+yD; em;axmifaeygw,f? +yD;awmh taqmifrSm &SdwJh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;(60)cef@udkac:+yD; “rif;wdk@ tvkyfrvkyf&ifawmh taqmifrSm rae&bl;/ uGm(av#mh&uf)vJtjzwfcH&r,f/ 'Dawmh rif;wdk@awG wdkufxJrSm oGm;ae&r,f” vdk@ajymygw,f? wdkufxJoGm;ae&r,f qdk+yD; EdkifiHa&; tusOf;orm;awGudk xm;wJhwdkufcef;awGudk rydk@yJ txl;wdkuftaemufzufu tvkyf0if;}uD;xJrSm&SdwJh ppfacG;wdkufudk usaemftygt0if EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;5(n)awG 60ausmfudk ydk@vdkufygawmhw,f? (*) ppfacG;wdkufu i&Jcef; usaemfwdk@tm;vHk; ppfacG;wdkufudka&mufawmh ajcusif;awG a'gufawG pcwfcH&ygw,f? a'gufeJ@ ajcusif; pcwfcHvdkuf&wJh tcsdeu f p+yD; tusOf;OD;pD;Xme/ &efukefwdkif;axmiftkyfpk n$ef=um;a&;r_; 'kwd, Adkvfr_;}uD; cifarmifvwfu tvkyfrvkyfwJh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om; tm;vHk;udk wdkufydwfa'gufcwf jypf'%f(1)vtjzpf trdef@pm xkwfjyefvdkufygw,f? ppfacG;axmifrSm tcef;aygif;(10)cef;wdwd &Sd+yD; usaemfwdk@awGudk (6)a,mufwpfokwfcGJ+yD; tcef;wpf cef;pDrmS xnfhxm;um aomhcwfvdkufygw,f? usaemfuawmh tcef;(9)rSmae&ygw,f? c%=um awmh “(1)cef;xGuf”qdk+yD; wdkufyHkp Harmif;ygawmhw,f? wdkufyHkpHu usaemfwdk@awG axmifuscgp u oifjy xm;wJ@ yHkpHawGr[kwfawmhyJ ppfacG;wdkuf(jypf'%fwdkuf)&Jh yHkpHudkxyf+yD;oifygw,f? tJ'Dvdkoif wJhtcgrSm axmif0efxrf;awG ta,muf(20)avmuf 0dkif;+yD;wpftkef;tkef;eJ@ p+yD; &dkufygawmhw,f? tkwfeH&HawGxJu [def;xGufvmwJh &dkufoHawG/ atmf[pfoHawG[m urBmysufrwwf qlxGufvmygw,f? “ajzmif;² ² ²ajzmif;” “'kwf” “tm;” “tara& ² ² ² aoyg+yD;As” “'kwf² ² ² 'kwf” “cGyf” “tm;”


i,foHygatmif atmfaewJhtoHawG=um;rS jrif;vHk;wkwf(opfom;wkwf)/ *ef;ydkuf(yvwfpwpfydkufxJ rSm}udrfxnfhxm;wJ@wkwf)awG&Jh &dkufESufoHwbkef;bkef;u rSefrSef}uD;xGuaf y:aeygw,f? rsufpdudkpHkrSdwf xm; vdkufcsdefrSm usaemfwpfudk,fvHk; wqwfqwfwkefaewm udkawG@&ygw,f? usaemfu tcef;(9)rSmuswmqdkawmh tcef;(1)uae(8)xd&dkufESufoHawG/ usaemfwdk@ 5(n)awG&Jh rcsdrqef@ atmf[pfoHawG a=umufrufzG,f aumif;avmufatmif =um;ae&ygw,f? “tm;” “'kwf” “cGyf” “ajzmif;” ausmxJ pdrf@ueJ at;oGm;ygw,f? usaemfhab;u bdkbdkxGef;crsm tom;awG/ E_wfcrf;awGu wqwfqwfwkefaewmudk awG@&awmh usaemfvSrf;+yD;tm;ay;vdkufygw,f? tjcm;cef;awGu &dkufESufr_a=umifh tom;pawG zwfueJ/zwfueJ usaemfwdk@tcef;em; udkvmpifygw,f? tJ'D tom;pawGudkjrif+yD; bdkbdkxGef;u qwfueJ xatmfvdkufygw,f? [m² ² r[kwfygbl;/ 'gopfom;pawGyg/ 'DaumifawG tkwfeH&HawGudk &dkufaewmyg qdk+yD; bdkbdkxGef; udktm;ay; &ygw,f? usaemf tm;ay;vdkufovdk opfom;pawGyJjzpfygapvdk@ qkawmif;+yD; wkefv_yfaewJh usaemfh&Jhpdwfudk jyef+yD; ajzav#mhaeygw,f? atmf[pfoHawG/ &dkufESufaewJhtoHawGu wjznf;jznf; usaemfwdk@tcef;em; udka&mufvmygw,f? toHawGu wjznf;jznf; eD;uyfvmaeygw,f? ppfacG;wdkufrSm emrnfqdk;eJ@ emrnf}uD;aewJh 0efxrf;uawmh wifarmifvGifqdkwJh wpfa,mufygyJ? usaemfwdk@vdk 5(n)EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGu ol@udk&GH&Smrkef;wD;vGef;vdk@ (csOfaygifyif)vdk@ emrnfzsuf ay;xm; ygw,f? rsufESmrSm ausmufaygufrmawG tazG;om;eJ@ ol@rsufESm 0dkif;0dkif;av;udk rsufrSefwyfxm;ao;wJh 'kwyf=uyf csOfaygifyif[m usaemfhwoufrSm vlpdwftifrwef uif;rJ@+yD; &ufpufwJh ae&mrSmvnf; emrnf }uD;vSwJholvdk@ vlrsdK;udk rawG@zl;ao;ygbl;? rsufESmrSm bDvl;jyHK;+yHK;+yD; ol@vufxJuwkwfeJ@ tusOf;om;awGudk aovkarsmyg; &dkufwwfygw,f? ppfacG;udk wm0efcHtkyfcsKyfwJh wyf=uyf}uD;OD;uefjrifh(bdkuH)u csOfaygifyif xufawmfao; w,fqdk ayr,f h “5(n) om; pm;&cJw,fuG” qdk+yD; &dkufESufwJhae&mrSm vufoHajymifwJhol wpfOD;yJjzpfygw,f? axmifxJrSm ydefydefoG,foG,feJ@ rsufrSefwyfwJh axmifr_; aemufwpfa,muf &Sdygao;w,f? wpfcgwkef;u tusOf;om;wpfa,mufudk &dkufESufqHk;rwm vufvGefoGm;+yD; tusOf;om;&Jh rsufvHk;wpfvHk; usGwfxGufoGm;zl;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh t&m&Sd axmifr_;u 'DtD;0if+yD;(6)vt=umrSm axmifr_;}uD; &mxl;ay;vdkufygw,f? axmifwpfckvHk;u emZD vufxufu emrnf}uD;vlowfaumif&Jh emrnfudk ol@udkay;vdkufygw,f? “*pfpwmydk”wJh? ol@udk *pfpwmydk vdk@yJ od=uygw,f? atmfoHawG &dkufESufoHawG acwWwdwfqdwfoGm;+yD; r=umcifrSm ppfacG;wdkuf0efxrf;awG usaemfwdk@ tcef;a&SŒ a&mufvmygawmhw,f? usaemfwdk@udk tcef;jyifudkxw k f+yD; yHkpHarmif;&r,fhae&mudk ac:oGm;ygw,f? a&mufa&mufcsif; “acG;rom;/ tvkyfrvkyfcsifwJhaumifawG” qdk+yD; bmrajym/ nmrajymeJ@p+yD; &dkufESufygawmhw,f? usaemfhausmay: opfom;wkwfwpfck jyKwfus vmygw,f? “'kwf” “tifh”


ausmukef;wpfckvHk;pyf zsOf;zsOf; jzpfoGm;+yD; wkwfawGtqufrjywf ausmay: a&mufvmygw,f? cg;u aumhueJjzpfoGm;+yD; aemufxyf tqufrjywfwkwfawG ae&mtESHh0ifvmygw,f? acgif;udkrxdrdatmif umxm;wJh usaemfwdk@&Jh vufawGudk jzwf&dkufvdkufygw,f? vufawGu rusdK;,Hkwr,fjzpfoGm;+yD; a0'emudk ododomom cHpm;vdkuf&ygw,f? acgif;udkvufe@J rum&JawmhyJ wwfEdkifoa&GŒ atmufudkom iHk@xm; vdkuf ygw,f? “'kwf . . .'kwf . . . 'kwf” “ajzmif;” “t. . .” usaemfwdk@tcef;u(6)a,mufpvHk;udk tm;yg;w& &dkufESuf+yD;rS wdkufyHkpHudk parmif;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@ ajcaxmufawGrSm a'gufawG/ ajcusif;awG cwfxm;wma=umifh vGwfvGwfvyfvyf v_yf&Sm;vdk@r&ygbl;? 'gudk tcGifhaumif;,l+yD; “acG;rom;awG/ aES;w,f/ jrefjrefvkyf”qdk+yD;atmfajymygw,f? ajcusif;awG/ a'gufawGeJ@ 5(n)awG[m om;ydkufaumifawGvdk ckefqGckefqG jzpfaeawmh 'gudk=unfh+yD; ppfacG;0efxrf;awG uoabmus+yD; &,f=uyg w,f? yHkpH/ yHkpH}uD;/ wdkufyHkpH awGudk rrSm; rSm;atmif tjrefvkyfcdkif;+yD; enf;enf;av;rSm;wmeJ@ xyf&dkufjyefygw,f? wpfcef;xJu vlawGeJ@ tcef;csif;nSd+yD; nDatmifvkyfcdkif;/ rnD&ifxyf&dkuf/ aES;&if vnf;&dkufjyefygw,f? wpfcgwpfcg olwdk@cdkif;wJhyHkpHu t&rf;jrefwma=umifh usaemfwdk@ ajcaxmufawGrSm cwfxm;wJ@ ajcusif;eJ@ a'gufawGu vdrfoGm;+yD; vlu0kef;ueJ+ydKvJusygw,f? ajcusif;awG/ a'gufawGwpfckvHk;eJ@ wpfck &_yfaxG;oGm;&if; yHkpH}uD;xdkifvdk@ r&jzpfoGm;ygw,f? tJ'Dtcgusjyefawmh yHkpHrusbl;qdk+yD; xyf&dkufjyefygw,f? awmif,mtvkyfudpPjzpfwJh usaemfwdk@vltkyfu (60)ausmf&Sdygw,f? usaemfhcE<mudk,fay:rSm usa&mufcJhwJh wkwfta&twGuf[m rSwfrSwf&&(64)csuf&Sdygw,f? 'D&dkufESufr_rsdK;udk reufrdk;vif;uwnf;uae naeaxmifydwfwJhtxd ppfacG;wdkufjypf'%fuswJh (1)vtxd ae@pOf&dkufESufcH&ae&ygw,f? wpfae@vHk; &dkufESufcH&+yD; naewdkufxJ jyefa&mufawmh wifyg;eJ@ ausmjyif wpfckvHk;udk acG;&dkuf/ EGm;&dkuf/ t&dkufcH&wma=umifh ndKrnf;+yD;ykwfaeygw,f? wdkufyHkpH}uD;xdkif&wJhtcg (10)rdepfavmuf =umvm+yDqdk&if ajcaxmufawGaumif;aumif;&yfvdk@ r&awmhygbl;? ajcawG/ vufawG wqwfqwfwkefvm+yD; wpfudk,fvHk; rcHr&yfEdkifavmufatmifudk emusOfvmygw,f?'Dvdkjzpfaewmudk ppfacG; 0efxrf;awGu tcGifhaumif;,l+yD; “at;/ cg;uav;udk'Dvdkaumhxm;/ [kwf+yD/ at; . . . 'Dvdk av,mOfysHaeovdkjzpf&r,f” “'kwf” “tifh” olwdk@vufxJrSmtoifhudkifxm;wJh wkwfeJ@ taetxm; rSm;,Gif;aewmudk jyifay;ygw,f? (t/ u/ p)0efxrf;awG[m ociftm;& usGefyg;0jzpfae+yD; 5(n)EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGudk vlrqefpGm &dkufESuf =ujyefygw,f? bdkbdkxGef;qdk&if tom;jzLwma=umifh ol@wifyg;eJ@ ausmukef;rSm ta&jym;awGpkwf+yD; vefae ygw,f? ol@cENmukd,fay:u t&_d;&mawGay:rSm aoG;awGpkd@wufaeygw,f? 'DacG;rom;awG igwdk@udk rw&m; vkyfwm axmif0ifpmvm&if wdkifr,fqdk+yD; pDpOf=uygao;w,f?'gayr,fh ratmifjrifygbl;? usaemfwdk@5(n)jypf'%f orm;awGudk wdkufydwfwpfveJ@ axmif0ifpmyg ydwfvdkufwmjzpfygw,f? ppfacG;wdkufuae axmifusaqmifqDudk jyefoGm;zdk@ &ufaphawmh usaemfwdk@ wpfOD;csif;pD&Jh wpfudk,fu '%f&mawGudk aoao csmcsm ppfaq;+yD; aq;xnfhay;ygw,f? '%f&mawGtm;vHk; cE<mudk,fuae aysmufoavmuf&SdrS wdkufuae usaemfwdk@udk xkwfygw,f? usaemfwdk@tm;vHk; ppfacG;wdkufuae jyefxGufawmh t&_d;&mawG wa,mufrS rusefawmhygbl;? 'gayr,fh


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(C) ppfacG;wdkufrSm ae@pOf

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axmiftm%mydkifawGu r&dyfrdwm&,f/ pdk;vGif wm0efausyGefwm&,fa=umfifh 'DudpPu +yD;oGm;cJhygw,f? r=umcifrSmyJ tukodkvfawG twHk;vdkuf twpfvdkuf 0ifvmygawmhw,f? pdk;vGifwdk@udpP+yD;oGm;ayr,fh (4)aqmifu tajccHausmif;om;wpf,muf jzpfwJhrESJav;u axmifajryHkudk aoaocsmcsma&;qGJ+yD; tjyifudkxkwfzdk@ }udK;pm;aewJh tcsdefrSmyJ axmifwGif; wvmpDwJhtcgrSm rdoGm;ygawmhw,f? axmifajryHkudkjrifawmh axmiftm%mydkifawG rsufvHk;jyL;oGm;ygw,f? axmifajryHk[m pau;udkuf+yD; aoaooyfoyf a&;qGJxm;um tao;pdwf azmfjyxm;wma=umifh a=umufvef@oGm;ygw,f? csufcsif; axmifwGif; &SmazGa&;awG qufwdkuf0ifygawmhw,f? axmifajryHkcdk;xkwfwJh rESJav;udkawmh a'gufeJ@jypf'%fwyf+yD; oD;oef@wdkufudkydk@vdkuf+yD; 5(n)awG&Jh v_yf&Sm;r_rSefor#udk rsufvHk;a'gufaxmuf =unfhaeygawmhw,f? usaemfwdk@vnf; axmifwGif;tajctae at;csrf;atmif apmifh=unfhae&if; &moDaumif;vm+yD; tenf;i,f om,mvmcsdefrSmawmh (4)aqmifu ausmf0ÀxHudk pm&if;oGif;,lzdk@ rwfoD;udk v$wfvdkufygw,f? ausmf0Àuvnf; axmifajryHkudpPa=umifh taqmifwGif;pm&Guf/ abmvfyif=uyfwnf; aevdk@ pm&if;jyKpkvdk@r+yD;ao;wma=umifh c%aezdk@ ajymygw,f? 'ga=umifh (5)aqmifu nDaxG;cdkifxH ta=umif;=um;awmh tacsmowfaevdk@ (1)&ufapmifhygvdk@ apmifhaepOf rwfoD;u azmufjyef vmygawmhw,f? jzpfyHku rwfoD;[m axmif0ifpmtcef;rSm q&morm;wpfqlvdk pm;csifwdkif;pm;/ aomufcsifwdkif; aomuf+yD; atmufajcvGwfvmygw,f? aemuf rl;,pfaq;oHk;ygao;w,f? axmif0ifpmrSm wm0efuspOf rwfoD;aq;oHk;wmudk axmifr_;}uD;vSjrifhawG@oGm;+yD; taqmifjyify rxGuf&qdk+yD; a'gufcwfjypf'%f ay;vdkufygw,f? tJ'DrSm rwfoD;u Zmwd&kyfjyvmygw,f? ol@&Jhajcaxmufu a'gufeJ@jypf'%fvGwfzdk@ vGwfajrmuf&mvrf;twGuf usaemfwdk@zufudk jrm;OD; csdefvmygawmhw,f? usaemfwdk@uvnf; rwfoD;tajctae rlrrSefwma=umifh udpP/ 0dpPawGtm;vHk; azsmufzsufzdk@ owday;vdkufcsdefrSmawmh (5)aqmifyJ tcsdefrSDvdkuf+yD;(4)aqmifu ausmf0À&Jh EdkifiHa&;orm; pm&Gufpmwrf;[m rwfoD;&JhvufxJ a&muf&SdaeESifh+yD; jzpfygawmhw,f? 1991 ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv 'kwd,tywfxJrSm jy\emu pwifygawmhw,f? rwfoD;u ol@&Jha'gufcwfjypf'%f vGwfvdkvGwfjim; rdef;a*s;&Hk;rSm usaemfwdk@udpPwdkifwef;+yD; ausmf0Àu usaemfhudkay;vdkufwJh pm&if;pm&Gufudk oufaotjzpfeJ@ &Hk;wifvdkufygw,f? xifxm;wJhtwdkif; usaemfhemrnfeJ@ axmifusyk'frudk &Gwf+yD; rdef;a*s;vfwm0efus wyfom; 0if;jrifhu vmac:ygw,f? rdef;a*s;vfa&mufawmh &Hk;cef;xJrSm xdkifcdkif;+yD; axmifr_;}uD;vSjrifhu par;ygw,f? “rif;wdk@ axmifxJrSm aumif;aumif;rGefrGef raebl;? [dkwdkif/ 'DwdkifeJ@ Z,m;vm¶_yfaew,f? rif;bmawGvkyfaevJ ighudkajymprf;” usaemfu bmrSrvkyfygbl;? axmifucdkif;wJh awmif,mudk vkyfaeygw,f? usaemfaxmifxJrSm aumif;aumif;rGefrGefaewm tusOf;om;wdkif; odygw,f vdk@jyefajymvdkufygw,f? “rif;uom axmifxJrSm aumif;aumif;rGefrGef aexdkifaew,fav;/ bmav;eJ@? axmifxJrSm rif;bmawGvkyfaew,fqdkwm 'dk@odvdk@ rif;udk apmifh=unfhaewm =um+yD? 'grif;odvm;” “rodygbl;” “rif;pm&Gufpmwrf;awGpk/ [dktaqmif 'Dtaqmifu 5(n)pm&if;awGawmif;/ axmiftjyifxkwf+yD; ra&mufoifh/ ra&mufxdkufwJhae&mawGudkydk@zdk@ }udK;pm;aew,fqdk&if rif;bmjiif;rvJ” “usaemfaxmifr_;}uD; ajymwmawG bmrSem;rvnfbl;” “rif;udk &Sif;&Sif;yJajymr,f? rif;rwfoD;udk tultnDawmif;+yD; 5(n)taqmifu pm&if;awGjyKpk+yD; axmiftjyifxkwfzdk@eJ@ owif;pm zwf¶_ŒcGifh&atmif pnf;&Hk;cJhw,fqdk” “'gvHk;0r[kwfygbl;? wrifvkyf}uH+yD; usaemfhudk remvdkwJh acsmufwGef;csifwJholawGu jyKvkyfwmyg”


“bmwrifvkyf}uHrSmvJ? rif;udk,fwdkif rwfoD;udk tJ'DtultnDawG rawmif;cJhbl;vm;” “rawmif;cJhzl;ygbl;” “'gqdk ausmf0Àu rif;qDudkydk@vdkufwJh 5(n)pm&if;pm&Guf/ a[m'DrSm (pm&Gufwpfckudk usaemfhudk jyygw,f? tJ'Dpm&Gufu ausmf0ÀusaemhqD rwfoD;uwqifhydk@vdkufwJhpm&Gufyg) rif;u axmiftjyif xkwfzdk@ awmif;vdk@ ausmf0Àua&;+yD; rwfoD;uaewqifh ydk@cdkif;wmqdk&ifaum rif;bm jiif;OD;rvJ” “usaemf 'DudpPawG vHk;0rodbl;? tckaxmifr_;}uD; ajymrS tHh=ordygw,f? ausmf0ÀeJ@ usaemf tquftoG,fr&Sdygbl;” “ausmf0ÀeJ@ rif;eJ@tr_wGJvm;” “r[kwfygbl;” “rif;a&SŒrSm oufaocHypPnf;awGe@J wuG rdaewm rif;bmjiif;rSmvJ” “usaemfhvufxJrSm rdwmr[kwfygbl;? 'DudpPudk usaemfvHk;0rodygbl;? usaemfhudk remvdkwJhol wpfOD;OD;u vkyf}uHZmwfcif;+yD; ajymwmjzpfygw,f” “aumif;+yD? rwfoD;udkoGm;ac:prf;? (rdef;a*s;vf0efxrf; wpfOD;udk (3)aqmifrSm a'gufcwfjypf'%feJ@ aeaewJh rwfoD;udkoGm;ac:cdkif;ygw,f? +yD;awmh usaemfhzufvSnfh+yD;) axmifxJrSm aumif;aumif;rGefrGef raecsifbl;? [kwfvm;” c%t=umrSm a'gufwyfxm;wJh rwfoD; rdef;a*s;vf&Hk;cef;a&SŒ a&mufvmygw,f? axmifr_;}uD; vSjrifhu “rwfoD;? aevif;u rif;udkbmajymovJ” rwffoD;u rsufESmxm;rmrmeJ@ usaemhudk 5(n)pm&if; axmiftjyif xkwfay;zdk@eJ@ owif;pm zwf¶_ŒcGifh&&ef owif;pm awmif;ygw,fvdk@ ajymvdkufygw,f? axmifr_;vSjrifhu“at; . . . rif;jyefvdk@&+yD” qdk+yD;rwfoD;udk “taqmifjyefydk@vdkuf”vdk@ cdkif;vdkufygw,f? +yD;awmh usaemfhzufvSnfh+yD; “uJJ . . . rif;bmjiif;rSmvJ” “rif;rSm pm&if;pm&GufawG&Sd&if xkwfay;? tom;temrcHeJ@? rwfoD;uvnf;xGuf qdk+yD;+yD? a[m'DrSmvnf; ausmf0Àuay;vdkufwJh 5(n)pm&if;” “'DudpPudk usaemfvHk;0rodygbl;? rwfoD;ajymoGm;wJhpum;u b,fvdkrSrjzpfEdkifygbl;? jypf'%feJ@ tusOf;om;wpfa,muf&Jh xGufqdkcsufu &mcdkifE_ef;jynfhrSefuef Edkifyghrvm;qdkwm axmifr_;}uD; pOf;pm;=unfhyg? tck rwfoD;[m axmifxJrSmpnf;urf;azmufvdk@ ol@udka'gufcwf jypf'%fay;xm;wmudk olvGwf&mvGwfa=umif;&SmwJh taeeJ@ usaemfhtay: tuGufqif+yD; 5(n)pm&if;ygwJhpm&GufeJ@ &Hk;rSm vmwdkifwef;wm rjzpfEdkifbl;vm;cifAsm? tckavmavmq,frSm rwfoD;[m jypf'%fjzpfaewJh tusOf;om; jzpfae+yD; usaemfu omreftusOf;om; jzpfaeygw,f? b,fpum; rSefEdkifw,fqdkwm axmifr_;}uD; pOf;pm; =unfhyg” “rif;vHk;0 rodbl;vm;” “rodygbl;” “nDaxG;cdkifudkaum rif;odvm;” “odygw,f” “b,fvdkywfoufovJ” “usaemfhwdk@ tr_wGJawGyg” “tquftoG,f&Sdvm;” “usaemfeJ@ axmifusuwnf;u uGJoGm;wm tquftoG,f r&Sdawmhygbl;” “at;/ aumif;+yD? vdktyfvdk@ xyfppfaq;p&m&Sd&if ac:vdkufr,f”


“a[h? ol@udkrdef;a*s;vfu zdk0dkif;xJrSm xnfhxm;vdkuf”vdk@ajym+yD; zdk0dkif;xJrSm usaemfhudk wpfa,mufwnf; xm;vdkufygw,f? rdef;a*s;vfu usaemfeJ@ odwJhbp aZmfvGifudkac:+yD; rwfoD;csGefvdkufvdk@ usaemfjy\em wufae+yDvdk@ owif;ydk@ vdkufygw,f? pdwfxJuvnf; bmyJjzpfjzpf usaemfhvufxJrSm rrdwJhtwGuf jiif;&rSmyJjzpfw,fvdk@ qHk;jzwfygw,f? aemufqHk; ausmf0ÀeJ@ usaemfhudk rsufESmcsif;qdkif qHkay;vnf; jiif;&rSmyJvdk@ awG;+yD; taqmifuae ppfacG;vm;/ wdkufvm;/ oD;oef@vm;/ wpfckckawmhajymif;cH&zdk@ apmifhaevdkufygw,f? aemufawmh(4)aqmifu ausmf0Àudkac:ppfygw,f? ausmf0ÀuvJ axmifr_;}uD;vufxJu pm&Guf[m olrwfoD;udkay;wJh pm&Gufr[kwfa=umif;/ pm&Gufay:u vufa&;[mvnf; ol@vufa&;r[kwfa=umif;/ rwfoD;acsmufcswmjzpfa=umif;/ usaemfeJ@vnf; tquftoG,fr&Sda=umif; xGufqdkoGm;ygw,f? aemufxyfwpfcg(5)aqmifu nDaxG;cdkifudk zdk0dkif;xJrSm ppfaq;r_+yD;wJhtcsdefxd xm;ygw,f? usaemftaqmifudk jyefa&mufawmh taqmifu 5(n)awGeJ@ &mZ0wftusOf;om;awG tm;vHk; usaemf taqmifjyefa&mufvmwmudk tHh=oae=uygw,f? rwfoD;csGefvdkufwJhudpP owif;jyef@aeygw,f? taqmifrSm rwfoD;eJ@jyefawG@awm@ axmifr_;}uD;a&SŒrSmajymwJh rsufEmS rsdK;r[kwfawmhyJ rsufESmcsdK vmaoG;ygw,f? usaemfuvnf; 'Dtr_udpP tjcm;taqmifuppfaewm r+yD;jywfao;vdk@ tjypf'%fray;ao;wmvdk@ pdwfxJrSm xifrdygw,f? 'grSr[kwf tjcm;tpDtpOfawG&Sdvdk@vm;/ naeaxmifydwfrS ppfacG;/ 'grSr[kwf oD;oef@ wpfckckudkydk@ rvm;qdk+yD; awG;um taqmifu &JabmfawGudk E_wfquf+yD; usaemfhtdyf,mvdyfudk jyifqifapmifhqdkif;aevdkufygw,f? axmifwHcg;ydwfwJhtcsdefxd usaemfhudkvmac:wmrawG@&vdk@ usaemfeJ@ usaemfh&JabmfawG xGufqdkcsufuyJ aumif;vdk@vm;/ oufaocHpm&Gufu usaemfwdk@ vuf0,fr&Sdvdk@vm;/ owif;ay; w&m;pGJwJholku jypf'%fjzpftusOf;om;jzpfaevdk@vm;eJ@ vm;aygif;rsm;pGmawG;rdygw,f? 'gr[kwfvJ usaemfwdk@udk ta&;,l&if 0efxrf;awGyg yg0ifyufoufaewmrdk@ axmufvSrf;a&;0ifppfrSmudk a=umufvdk@yJvm;? bmyJjzpfjzpf usaemfwdk@a&SŒrSmpdk;vGifwdk@/ Om%f0if;wdk@udk 5(n)pm&if; axmiftjyifxkwfzdk@ }uHpnfr_eJ@ oD;oef@axmi fajymif;a&GŒcHxm;&wJh om"uu ylylaEG;aEG;av;&Sdaeygw,f? usaemfwdk@u olwdk@xufom+yD; oufaocHypPnf; awmif;rdaewmyg? usaemfwdk@udk bma=umifh ta&;r,lwmvJqdkwJh tajzu aemufrS odvm&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@ tm;vHk;udk 1991 ckESpfEdk0ifbmv (24)&ufae@rSm axmifajymif;a&GŒvdkufygw,f? axmifajymif;tpDtpOf&Sdvdk@ ta&;r,lcJhwm jzpfygw,f? 'grSr[kwf&if aemufr_uyfrvm;/ a'gufeJ@ wdkufvm; wpfckckygyJ?

tcef;(10) (u) axmifajymif;+yD tif;pdefaxmifxJudk 1991 ckESpf bdkuav;wdkufyGJt+yD; axmifusvmolawGa=umifh tif;pdefaxmif twGif; EdkifiHa&;r_awG tqrwef rsm;jym;vm+yD; taqmifwpfaqmifudk tusOf;om;(100)ausmfavmuf &Sdvmygw,f? 'DDvdk EdkifiHa&;r_awG rsm;vmwma=umifh axmifajymif;a&GŒ r,fqdkwJhowif;awG ay:xGufaecJh wmvnf; =umvS+yDjzpfygw,f? b,fae@ajymif;&r,f/ b,fawmha&GŒ&r,f/ b,faxmifudk ajymif;r,f pwm awGudk b,folrS twdtus rodEdkifygbl;? 'geJ@usaemfwdk@vnf; 'DudpPudk rodvdkufzmomae vdkufygw,f? 'gayr,fh usaemfwdk@tm;vHk; txifrSwfwJhtcsdef / tm;vHk; owdrxm;rd=uwJh 1991ckESpf Edk0ifbmv (24)&ufreuftapm}uD;rSm axmifajymif;a&GŒzdk@ jzpfvmygw,f?


reuftapm}uD; taqmifawGudk 0efxrf;awGa&mufvm+yD; pm&if;rSm emrnfygwJholawGudk udk,fh ypPnf;awG,l+yD; tjyifudk xGufcdkif;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@(3)aqmiftjyif (4)aqmif/ (5)aqmifeJ@wdkufcef;/ oD;oef@aqmifawGu 5(n)EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm; ta,muf(20)pDeJ@ pkpkaygif; 5(n) wpf&mausmfudk ac:xkwf oGm;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@ ta,muf(100)ausmfudk tjyifudkxkwf+yD; rdef;a*s;vfvrf;r}uD; twdkif; ac:oGm;ygw,f? rdef;a*s;vfvrf;r}uD;udk a&mufawmh usaemfwdk@tm;vHk;&Jh qHyifawGudk av;uGuf=um; !Syfypfygw,f? qHyif!Syfw,fvdk@ ajym&ayr,fh wu,fwrf;=uawmh qHyifudk yHkysufqif;ysufjzpfatmif pufuyfaus; xdk;cs wmyJjzpfygw,f? qHyif!Syf+yD;wmeJ@ csufcsif; ajcusif;&dkufygw,f? +yD;awmh axmifAl;0rSm wef;pDcdkif;ygw,f? wef;pDaecsdefrSm bJO(2)vHk;/ iydenf;enf;ygwJh xrif;xkyfawG wpfa,mufwpfxkyf a0ay;ygw,f? aemuf tup uaewqifh &Jvufudk tyfvdkufygw,f? &J0efxrf;awGu usaemfwdk@5(n)awG ta,muf(100)ausmfudk tif;pdefAl;0udkac:oGm;+yD; axmifAl;0rSm tqifoifh&SdaewJh wDtD;(11)um;ESpfpD;qDudk ac:oGm;ygw,f? tJ'Dum;ay:udk usaemfwdk@ tm;vHk;udk wifaqmif+yD; um;u tif;pdefblwmudk OD;wnfarmif;ESifoGm;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@awGaxmifjyifudk a&mufwmeJ@ rjrif&wm =um+yDjzpfwJh jyify urBm&Jh edpP"l0 v_yf&Sm;r_awGudk wtHhw=o}uD; ai;pdkuf=unfhaerdw,f? 'gayr,fh usaemfhajcaxmufu oHajcusif;udk jyefiHk@=unfhvdkufawmh &ifxJrSmqwfueJ emusifoGm;ygw,f? jyifyu yHk&dyfawGudk tirf;r& ai;=unfhaerdygw,f? axmifxJrSm ae@pOf ¶_¶_dufae&wJh aveJh axmif&Jhjyifyuavu twlwljzpf&ufom;eJ@ tjyifuavuydk+yD; vwfqwfoef@&Sif;w,fvdk@ xifrdygw,f? aocsmwmuawmh 'g[m axmifuvGwfao;wm r[kwfygbl;? usaemfwdk@awG tif;pdefaxmifu ajymif;a&GŒcJh&wJh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG&Jh pm&if;udk azmfjy vdkygw,f? 1991 ckESpf Edk0ifbmv (23)&ufae@wGif &efukeftif;pdef A[dk pHjy tusOf;axmifrSm o&uftusOf; axmifodk@ ajymif;a&GŒ cH&onfh pm&if; trnf axmifusESpf (1)r*~ifq&mawmf(OD;a&$omat;) ( & )ESpf r*~ifausmif;wdkuf/ ouFef;usGef;+rdK@e,f (2)OD;yÀ0Ho (OD;jynfausmf)

( & )ESpf owdyXmefausmif;wdkuf/ wmarG+rdK@e,f

(3)OD;tmpm& (axmifwGif;YysHvGefawmfrl)

( & )ESpf o&ufawmem&Dpifausmif;wdkuf/ vrf;rawmf+rdK@e,f

(4)OD;tdEdNu

( 5 )ESpf qm;vif;ausmif;wdkuf/ ykZGefawmif+rdK@e,f

(5)OD;ynm'Dy

( 5 )ESpf odrfawmf}uD;ausmif;wdkuf/ yef;yJwef;+rdK@e,f

(6)OD;eaENmbmo (OD;EdkifxGef;a&$)

( 5 )ESpf rGefausmif;wdkuf/A[ef;+rdK@e,f

(7)udk&if ausmfwifh

( & )ESpf ara';eDausmif;wdkuf/ ausmufukef;/ &efuif;+rdK@e,f

(8)udk&if xl;at;

( 4 )ESpf ok0Àomrausmif;wdkuf/ prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,f

(9)OD;rJarmif

( 7 )ESpf


(10)OD;cifarmif}uD;

( 7 ) ESpf

pvif;+rdK@/ rauG;wdkif;

(11)udk+idrf;csrf;(pma&;q&m nDykav;)

( 10 )ESpf

vlxkwdkuf/ rEWav;+rdK@

(12)udk&J(c)udkodef;atmif

( 10 ) ESpf,if;rmaw;oHoGif;/ ausmufwHwm;+rdK@e,f

(13)udkaZmfrif;(c)AHkwdk

(5)

(14)udk+zdK;a00if;

ESpftxufwef;ausmif;om;/ tkwfzdk/ yJcl;wdkif;

(5)ESpfwwd,ESpf(&lyaA')&efukefwuUodkvfewWvif;+rdK@/ yJcl;wdkif;

(15)udkEdkifvGifcsdK (16)udkapmvGif

(10) ESpf acsmif;acgif;&Gm/ aygufacgif;+rdK@/ yJcl;wdkif; ( 5 )ESpf a&SŒae/ zqyv (A[dk/ rlvtzGJ@csKyf)&efukef

(17)udkausmfrif;Edkif(c)udkeD

( 7 )ESpfaemufqHk;ESpf/ pufr_wuUodkvf(+rdK@jy)/ a&eHacsmif;+rdK@/

(18)a'gufwm cifxGef;

( 3 )ESpfxGef;aq;cef;/ "rRm&Hkausmif;vrf;/ 6rdkifcGJ/ vSdkif+rdK@e,f

(19)udkjrifhOD;

( 5 )ESpf aygif+rdK@/ rGefjynfe,f

(20)udktdkufudk (axmifwGif;aoqHk;)

( 8 )ESpfvkyfom;aumvdyf/ wwd,ESpf(jrefrmpm)/ &efukef+rdK@

(21)udkausmfrif;Edkif

( 4 )ESpf tajccHynmausmif;om;or*~(&efukefwdkif;)/ Adkvfwaxmif+rdK@e,f?

(22)udkcspfudkudk (c) udkatmif'if

( 4 )ESpfaemufqHk;ESpf/ pufr_wuUodkvf (pufr_)/ awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f?

(23)OD;aZmfrsdK;0if;

( 7 )ESpf A[dkw&m;&Hk;a&SŒae/ &efukef+rdK@

(24)OD;atmifjrifh0if;

( 7 )ESpf Xmer_;/ trSwf(1)pufr_0ef}uD;Xme/ vrf;eDav;/ &efukef+rdK@

(25)udkaX;atmif

( 3 )ESpf wwd,ESpf (jrefrmpm)/ &efukefwuUodkvf/ vSnf;wef;/ urm&Gwf+rdK@e,f

(26)udkaX;atmif

( 6 )ESpf yxrESpf('\eduaA')/ ta0;oifwuUodkvf/ urm&Gwf+rdK@e,f

(27)udkvSaX;

( 4 )ESpfaemufqHk;ESpf ("gwkaA')/ &efukefwuUodkvf/ r*Fvmawmif!Gef@+rdK@e,f

(28)udkcspfnDnD(c) udka&$bkef;vl

( 5 )ESpf 'kwd,ESpf(t*Fvdyfpm)/ &efukefwuUodkvf

(29) udkpdefv_dif (c)udkjynfh

( 3 )ESpf urm&Gwf+rdK@e,f?

(30)udkausmfpdk;(ykÀm;)

( 3 )ESpf wwd,ESpf (a&eH)/ pufr_wuUodkvf


(31)udkpnfolxGwf

( 3 )ESpf 'kwd,ESpf/ pufr_wuUodkvf/ r*Fvmawmif!Gef@+rdK@e,f

(32) udkxGef;xGef;

( 3 )ESpf aemufqHk;ESpf (ocsFm)/ &efukefwuUodkvf? a'gyHk+rdK@e,f

(33)udkaxG;armf

( 3 )ESpf aemufq;Hk ESpf(jrefrmpm)/ &efukefwuUodkvf

(34)udknDaxG;cdkif(c) udk&uQD;

( 4 )ESpf aemufqHk;ESpf ("gwkaA')/ &efukefwuUodkvf/ prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,f

(35)udkwdwfEdkif

( 3 )ESpf xm;0,f+rdK@/ weoFm&Dwdkif;

(36) udkwdk;wdk;xGef;

( 5 )ESpf wwd,ESpf(¶_yaA')/ ykodrf'D*&Daumvdyf/ ajrmif;jr+rdK@/

(37)udk&JvGifpdk;(c)udk&J

( 5 )ESpf tvkyform;or*~/ v_difom,m+rdK@e,f/ &efukef

(38)udkvSa0

( 3 )ESpf usL&Sifq&m/ urm&Gwf+rdK@e,f

(39)udkarmifarmifjrifh

( 5 )ESpf 'kwd,ESpf (ocsFm)/ &efukefwuUodkvf/ awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f

(40)udk0if;EdkifOD;

( 3 )ESpf aemufqHk;ESpf/ &efukefpufr_wuUodkvf

(41)udkarmifarmifoef;

( 5 )ESpf jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;b%f (ykZGefawmifb%fcGJ)

(42)udkvSrsdK;aemif(c) rSef}uD;

( 5 )ESpf yxrESpf(Oya')/ &efukefwuUodkvf/ ausmufyef;awmif;+rdK@/

(43)udkatmifydkif

( 4 )ESpf =u,fpdrf;vli,ftzGJ@/ ykZGefawmif+rdK@e,f/ &efukefwdkif;

(44) udkausmf0À

( 3 )ESpf yxrESpf/ pufr_wuUodkvf/ 'gyHk+rdK@e,f/ &efukefwdkif;

(45)udkausmf0À

( 3 )ESpf txufwef;ausmif;om;/ yJcl;+rdK@/ yJcl;wdkif;

(46)udkausmfausmfodef;

( 4 )ESpf 'kwd,ESpf/*k%fxl;wef;(ocsFm)/&efukefwuUodkvf/ Adkvfwaxmif+rdK@e,f

(47)udkvS0if;

( 20 )ESpf

(48) udkom;!Gef@OD;

( 5 )ESpf yxrESpf/ aq;wuUodkvf(1)/ &efukef/ ausmufwHwm;+rdK@e,f

bdkuav;+rdK@/ {&m0wDwdkif;

(49)udkaevif;(pma&;ol) ( 5 )ESpf tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm; or*~ (&efukefwdkif;)/ ykZGefawmif+rdK@e,f/ (50) udk&Jarmfxl; vrf;rawmf+rdK@e,f (51) udk&JausmfpGm

( 4 )ESpftajccJynm ausmif;om;rsm;or*~( &efukefwdkif;)/ vrf;opf&dyfom/ ( 3 )ESpf


tajccHynm ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ (&efukefwdkif;)/ Adkvfwaxmif+rdK@e,f (52) udkjrifhpdk; (c)udka*smfeD trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyf(A[dk)/ vli,f/ vrf;opf&dyfom/ vrf;rawmf+rdK@e,f (53)udkjrifhqef; ajrmufOuUvmy+rdK@e,f/ &efukefwdkif; (54)udk0if;a&$ enf;jy(t*Fvdyfpm)/ vkyfom;aumvdyf/ wmarG+rdK@e,f (55) udkomjrwfausmf aemufqHk;ESpf/ tydkif;(u)/ aq;wuUodkvf(1) (56) udkat;vGif wwd,ESpf(ocsFm)/ ta0;oifwuUodkvf/ arSmfbD+rdK@e,f (57) udkaZmf0if;xGËf txufwef;ausmif;om;/ omauw+rdK@ (58)udkaZmf0if;xGef; txufwef;ausmif;om;/ 'v+rdK@e,f (59) udkodef;xGef;OD; tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm; or*~/ awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f (60) OD;aomif;xGef; yJcl;+rdK@ (61)udkrsdK;jrifh aemufqHk;ESpf (ocsFm)/ &efukefwuUodkvf/ omauw+rdK@e,f (62) udkatmifausmfrdk; (c)udkbdkawmuf vl@abmifopf 'Drdku&ufwpfygwD/ anmifav;yif+rdK@e,f/ yJcl;wdkif; (63) udkpdk;Edkif wwd,ESpf (ordkif;)/ ykodrf'D*&Daumvdyf (64)udkpdk;Edkif yef;yJwef;+rdK@e,f/ &efukef+rdK@ (65)udkEdkif0if; tajccHynmausmif;om;rsm;or*~/ awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f (66) udkaZmfaZmfv_dif vl@abmifopf 'Drdku&ufwpfygwD/ omauw+rdK@e,f (67) udkrsdK;wifhatmif aemufqHk;ESpf/ pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvf (68) udkausmfaxG; ta0;ajy;Xme/ qufoG,fa&;/ pmwdkufESifha=u;eef;0ef}uD;Xme/ r*Fvmawmif!Gef@+rdK@e,f (69) udkpnfol0if; omauw+rdK@e,f (70) udkpdk;jrifh(c) aygifrkef@ 'v+rdK@e,f/ &efukef+rdK@ (71) udkvGifOD; c&rf;+rdK@e,f/ &efukef+rdK@

( 17 )ESpf ( 5 )ESpf ( 3 )ESpf ( 4 )ESpf ( 15 )ESpf ( 20 )ESpf ( 3 )ESpf ( 5 )ESpf ( 7 )ESpf ( 5 )ESpf ( 3 )ESpf ( 3 )ESpf ( 5 )ESpf ( 3 )ESpf ( 3 )ESpf ( 3 )ESpf ( 3 )ESpf ( 5 )ESpf ( 11 )ESpf ( 7 )ESpf


(72) udk=unf0if; c&rf;+rdK@e,f/ &efukef+rdK@ ( 73 ) udkcifaZmf a0bm*D/ ajrmufOuUvmy +rdK@e,f/ &efukef+rdK@ ( 74 ) udkeDwGwfausmf txufwef;ausmif;om;/ awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f ( 75 ) udkod*么atmif txufwef;ausmif;om; ( 76 ) udkuHjrifh tvHk+rdK@e,f/ ( 77 ) udkrsdK;atmif=unf ( c ) rsdK;rsdK; ( 78 ) udkxGef;jrifhatmif 'kwd,ESpf/ *k%fxl;wef; ( yx0D )/ &efukefwuUodkvf/ ewfpifvrf;/ =unfhjrifwdkif+rdK@e,f ( 79 ) udkeDudkOD; txufwef;ausmif;om;/ wmarG+rdK@e,f ( 80 ) udkcifarmifxGef; ( c ) udku|d/ 5 ( C ) 'kwd,ESpf/ &efukefwuUodkvf/ }udK@ukef;/ tif;pdef+rdK@e,f/ &efukef+rdK@e,f/ ( 81) udkrsdK;atmif 'kwd,ESpf/ ta0;oifwuUodkvf ( 82 ) udkarmifarmifat; tvkyform;or*~ ( 83 ) udkrdk;atmif usL&Sifq&m/ prf;acsmif;+rdK@e,f/ &efukef+rdK@ ( 84 ) udkapmausmf+idrf; tvHk+rdK@e,f/ &efukef+rdK@ ( 85 ) udkaomif;aiG txufwef;ausmif;om;/ r*Fvm'Hk+rdK@e,f ( 86 ) udkEdkifrGef enf;jy/ '\eduaA'/ &efukefwuUodkvf/ rGefjynfe,f ( 87 ) udkbdkbdkxGef; ( bdkbdkxGef;- &kyfjy ) awmifOuUvmy+rdK@e,f ( 88 ) udk&JrGef txufwef;ausmif;om;/ urm&Gwf+rdK@e,f ( 89 ) udkxdef0if;atmif ae0if;ESif;qD pmtkyfqdkif/ tif;pdef+rdK@e,f ( 90 ) udkpdk;jrwf tvHk+rdK@e,f/ &efukefwdkif; ( 91 ) OD;avmt,f ( EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_ ) u&iftrsdK;om; tpnf;t&Hk; ( autef,l ) ( 92 ) OD;bifqif ( EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_ ) u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk; ( autef,l )

( 7 )ESpf ( 6 )ESpf ( 9 )ESpf ( 11 )ESpf ( 6 )ESpf ( 7 )ESpf ( 4 )ESpf ( 4 )ESpf ( 5 )ESpf ( 3 )ESpf ( 6 )ESpf ( 6 )ESpf ( 5 )ESpf ( 3 )ESpf ( 5 )ESpf ( 4 )ESpf ( 3 )ESpf ( 4 )ESpf ( 13 )ESpf woufwu|ef; woufwu|ef;


( 93) udkxl;*G,f ( EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_ ) u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk;/ (autef,l ) ( 94 ) udkaus;awm ( EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_ ) u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk; ( autef,l ) ( 95 ) udkcsdKav; ( EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_) u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk; ( autef,l ) ( 96 ) OD;z'dk oef;vS ( Adkvf}uD; ) ( EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_ ) u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk; ( autef,l ) ( 97 ) OD;aomrwfpf ( EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_ ) u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk; ( autef,l ) ( 98 ) OD;ref;!Gef@ ( EdkifiHawmf ykefuefr_ ) u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk; ( autef,l ) ( 99 ) qmxl;apm ( EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_ ) u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk; ( autef,l ) ( 100 ) udkwifjrifh ( EdkifiHawmfykefuefr_ ) u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t&Hk; ( autef,l )

woufwu|ef; woufwu|ef; woufwu|ef; woufwu|ef; woufwu|ef; woufwu|ef; woufwu|ef; woufwu|ef;

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“ 5 ESpfyg ” “ rif;wdk@rdb/ aqGrsdK;awGxJrSm EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;wJh ol&Sdovm; ” “ r&Sdygbl; ” “rif;axmifxJrSm jypf'%fjzpfzl;vm; ” “ tif;pdefaxmifrSmawmh axmifuscgpu jypf'%f (1)cg jzpfzl;ygw,f? ” “ r[kwfbl;/ 'Do&ufaxmifrSm ” “rjzpfzl;ygbl; ” “ t&dkufcH&zl;vm; ” “ t&dkufrcH&ygbl; ” usaemfeJ@ axmifydkifOD;jrifhodef;wdk@ tar;tajzawGudk wpfyk'fcsif;tvdkuf jynfaxmifr_;u rSwfwrf; wifaeygw,f? OD;jrifhodef;uquf+yD; “ 'gyJaygh/ axmifxJrSmjypf'%frjzpf&if t&dkufrcH&bl;/ jypf'%fjzpf&if t&dkufcH&r,f? rif;tJ'gudk vufcHovm; ” 'Dar;cGef;[m us,fjyef@ygw,f? jypf'%fjzpf&if &dkufw,fqdkayr,fh jypf'%frjzpfjzpfatmif axmif0ef xrf;awG/ axmiftm%mydkifawGu wrifoufouf zefwD;,laewmawG trsm;}uD;&Sdygw,f? usaemfu 'Dtcsufudk aoaocsmcsm&Sif;jyrvdk@ ab;bDudk =unfhvdkufawmh usaemfhrsufESmudk =unfhaewJh OD;at;v_difudk awG@&ygw,f? ajymqdkzdk@ rvGwfrvyfjzpfoGm;ygw,f? OD;jrifhodef;&JŒar;cGef;udk trSeftwdkif;ajzzdk@ usaemftcuftcJ jzpfaewJhtcsdefrSm usaemfwdk@&Jabmf aZmf0if;xËfeJ@ tjcm;&JabmfawGudk axmiftm%mydkifawG acG;vdk/ EGm;vdk &dkufESufwJhjrifuGif;awG jyefjrif a,mif vmygw,f? ajymcsvdkufzdk@ usaemftm;,lvdkufygw,f? 'DtcsdefrSm 'DtcGifhta&;udk toHk;csvdkuf&if axmifrSL;/ axmifydkifawG&J@ acG;&dkuf/ EGm;&dkufudk r&_rvS cH&rSm aocsmygw,f? b,fvdkajz&if aumif;rvJvdk@ usaemfpOf;pm;aecsdefrSm OD;jrifhodef;u “ a[haumif/ igar;wmajzavuGm/ bmawGpOf;pm;aewmvnf; ” usaemfvnf; awGa0raeawmhyJ qHk;jzwfcsuf csvdkufygw,f? 'Dar;cGef;udk rajzcif tcGifhta&;wpfck awmif;qdkvdkufygw,f? “ axmifydkif}uD;cifAsm;/ ckeuajymcJhovdk rSefuefwJhtajzrsdK; vdkcsifygw,fqdk&if tckvdk taetxm;rsdK;rSm usaemfrajzqdkEkdifygbl;? bmjzpfvdk@vJqdkawmh o&ufaxmifu axmifrSL;OD;at;v_dif &Sdaevdk@ygyJ? o&ufaxmifu axmiftm%mydkifawG &SdaewJhae&mrSm usaemfrajzqdkEdkifygbl;? ppfaq;a&; tzGJ@udk trSeftwdkif;ajymzdk@ 0efrav;ayr,fh o&ufaxmiftm%mydkifawGxJu wpfa,mufa,mufa&S@rSm usaemftrSeftwdkif; xGufqdkygu trsufa'goxGuf+yD; ppfaq;a&;tzGJh jyefoGm;wJhtcg=u&if usaemfhtay: tjidK;taw;xm; &efjyKEdkifygw,f? usaemfh&J@ vHkjcHKa&;pdwfcs&atmif vsKd@0ufpGmjyKvkyfzdk@eJ@ tzGJ@eJhtppfcH&ol oufoufcsnf; ppfaq;aewJh tcef;rSm xm;&Sday;ygvdk@ awmif;qdkygw,f? 'grS xGufqdkcsufawGu rSefuefr_ &SdEdkifrSm jzpfygw,f? ” o&ufaxmifrSL; OD;at;v_dkif&J@ rsufESmcsufcsif; rnf;wufoGm;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh [efrysuf&atmif pm;yGJay:u a&aEG;cGufudk,l+yD; r_wfaomufaevdkufygw,f? t&yftarmif;axmifaxmifarmif;armif;eJ@ OD;jrifhodef;u usaemfhudk aoaocsmcsm pdkuf=unfhygw,f? “ rSefuefwJh xGufqdkr_qdkwm b,fae&mrSmrqdk b,folyJ&Sdaeae xGufqdk&J&rSmaygh? trSefw&m; qdkwm zHk;uG,fvdk@r&bl;? [dkvl&Sdvdk@ rajymEdkif/ 'Dvl&Sdvdk@ rajymEkdifbl;qdkwm rrSerf uefxGufqdkzdk@ }udK;pm;wJh olawGvkyfwmyJ? rSefrSefuefuefxGufqdkwJhol[m b,fol@a&S@rmS yJjzpfjzpf xGufqdk&J&r,f? rif;&JŒvHkjcHKa&;udk igwm0ef,lw,f? axmifxJrSmavmuf vHkjcHKwm 'Dwpfae&myJ &Sdw,f? rif;wpfa,mufxJrajymeJ@ tusOf;om; tm;vHk;&Jh vHkjcHKa&;udk 'dk@tup 0efxrf;awGu wm0ef,lxm;wm? uJæajym ”


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tpDtpOftwdkif; Oya'abmiftwGif;u wifjy&if b,ftusOf;om;rqdk &w,f? +yD;pvG,f/ vufvGwfpy,f tm%mydkifawGu rvkyfbl;? vmrajymeJ@? rif;ajymovdkqdkrSjzifh axmifydkifwef;pDqdkwm axmifxJrSm vkyfp&mawmif rvdkawmhbl;? tusOf;om;awGaezdk@/ xdkifzdk@/ pm;zdk@udpPawGudk wpfywfwpfcg tcuftcJawGudk ajz&Sifay;zdk@ xm;wm? bmrS vkyfray;Edkifbl;qdk&ifuGm . . igajymovdk axmifydkifu wpfywfwpfcg vSnfh=unfh p&mawmif rvdkawmhbl;? rif;wdk@vnf; at;at;aq;aq;ae/ igwdk@vnf; udk,fhtcef;xJudk,fae+yD; tcsdefwef vpm,l&HkyJ? rif;wdk@ tusOf;om;tcsif;csif; vlowfr_yJjzpfjzpf/ tEdkifusifhr_yJjzpfjzpf 'dk@eJ@rqdkifbl;? aevdk@&w,f? r[kwfwmawG vmrajymeJ@ ” “ tckvdkajymwm/ jzpfcJhwmawG[m vdrfwmr[kwfygbl;/ trSefawGyg? tjcm;tcef;u tusOf;om; awGvnf; odygw,f” “awmfyg/ rif;wdk@tcsif;csif; 'Dvdkajymr,fqdk+yD; !Sdxm;=urSmaygh/ 'dk@vmwm odaerSmyJ r[kwfvm; ” tJ'DrSm usaemfhudk ppfaq;aewkef; tcef;xJudk o&ufaxmifydkif OD;aomif;!Gef@ t&yf0wft&yfpm;eJ@ 0ifvmygw,f? +yD;awmh ol@&Hk;cef;xJu rD;cHaowWmudk zGifh+yD; [dk[m&Sm/ 'D[m&Smvkyfaeygw,f? wpfcsuf wpfcsuf usaemfhudkvnf; rsufapmif;xdk;+yD; tuJcwfvdkufygao;w,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm OD;jrifhodef;u “[if;aumif;vdk@ xrif;awmif;wm/ 'D[if;udk zsuf+yD;csufvdk@ b,foluajymwmvJ ” “axmifydkifu ajymwmyg ” “axmifydkifqdkwm axmifydkif}uD;vm;/ axmifydkifav;vm;? udk,f@axmifu axmifydkifemrnfudkawmif rodbl;vm; ” “axmifydkif Adkvf}uD;aomif;!Gef@yg ” tJ'DtcsdefrSm axmifydkifpm;yGJrSm &SdaewJh o&ufaxmifydkifaomif;!Gef@u usaemfhudk =unfh+yD; wpfcsuf +yHK;vdkufygw,f? ol@t+yHK;uat;puf+yD; aumufuspf,kwfrmr_awG tjynfhygygw,f? usaemfh ausmxJ pdrfhueJat;oGm;ygw,f? “rif;wdk@axmifxJrSm xrif;awGtydkawmif;/ +yD;&iftjcm;tusO;fom;awGudk aq;vdyfeJ@ vJvS,f w,fqdk ” “r[kwfygbl;/ b,folrS xrif;tydkr&ygbl;? xrif;pm;&wmr0vdk@ axmif0ifpmuaewqifh tdrfawG udkrkef@qef;rSm+yD; pm;&wmawG&Sdygw,f? axmifxJrSm0efxrf;awGom xrif;udk tdrfawGudk,loGm;wm &Sdygw,f ” “ a[haumif/ rif;jrifvdk@vm;/ rjrifyJeJ@ xifa=u;awGeJ@ 0efxrf;awGudk vmrajymeJ@/ udk,fh ta=umif;udkajym/ rif;udkar;wJh ta=umif;yJajz/ udk,feJ@rqdkifwJhudpPudk rajymeJ@/ =um;vm; ” “ [kwfuJh ” “ rif;wdk@ xrif;awGtydkawmif;+yD; rukefvdk@ yef;uefaq;bkwfrSm xrif;usefawGoGefypfxm;wJh tdk;awG jynfhaewmyJqdk/ 'grsdK;vkyfzdk@ raumif;bl;? axmifxJrSm tJ'Dvdk v$ifhjypfawmh tvum;oufoufrJh EdkifiHawmfydkufqHudk jzKef;wD;&m usw,f? +yD;awmh tJ'Dvdk pnf;urf;r&Sd xrif;usefawG v$ifhypfawmh ºuGwf vmr,f/ jcif/ ,if/vmr,f? +yD;&ifaxmifxJrSm ul;pufa&m*gjzpfr,f? rif;wdk@twGuf wpfudk,fa& oef@&Sif;a&; vn;f xdcdkufw,f ” “ usaemfwdk@awG xrif;usefawG v$ifhypfwm/ pGef@ypfxm;wJh ykef;awGrSm jynfhv#H+yD; trsm;}uD;jzpf aew,fqdkwm r[kwfygbl;? wcgwav axmifuau|;wJh xrif;awGxJrSm oJawG/ cJawG trsm;}uD;ygvdk@ bmrSrpm;Edkifvdk@ xrif;udk v$ifhypf&wmyg? usaemfwdk@awG[m xrif;udk t"dutpm;tpmtjzpf pm;&+yD; tvkyfvkyf&wmyg? aemuf v$ifhypfxm;wJh xrif;usefawGudkvnf; axmifrSmarG;xm;wJh 0ufawGtwGuf ae@wdkif;0ufbkwfu vm,laevdk@ wdkif;jynfaiGudk jzKef;ypfw,fvdk@ rqdkEdkifygbl; ” “ uJ...aumif;+yD? 'gqdk&if rif;wdk@udk tck xrif;00au|;+yD r[kwfvm; ” “ [kwfuJh au|;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh a&&Snfau|;r,f/ rau|;bl;qdkwm rajymwwfygbl; ”


“ au|;rSmyg? tckrif;wdk@udk 00au|;w,f r[kwfvm;? igwdk@&SdaewJh ypPKy`efudkyJ ajymyg? igwdk@awG rif;wdk@ axmifydkifeJ@ axmifrSL;awGudka&m tckvdkxrif;00au|;zdk@ rSmcJhr,f? [kwfvm;? tckawmh rif;u axmifxJrSm xrif;00vifvif pm;&ygw,f? 'Dtwdkif;yJ xGufqdkaygh ” “ usaemf't D csufudk jiif;ygw,f? rajzqdkEdkifygbl;? axmifxJrSm xrif;00vifvif pm;&wmrS (1)&uf/ (2)&ufyJ &Sdygao;w,f? xrif;00vifvif pm;&ygw,fvdk@ vdrfvnf+yD; rxGufqdkEkdifygbl;? usaemf wifjywJh tcsufawGu trSefcsnf;yJ jzpfygw,f? tcktwdkif;yJ xGufqdkEkdifygw,f? ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@u rSmcJh ygw,fqdkwJh pum;vHk;eJ@ jyefoGm;rSmyg? axmifxJrSm usefcJhrSmu usaemfwdk@ tusOf;om;awGe@J axmifydkifawGyJ usefcJhrSmyg? a&&SnfrSm au|;w,f/ rau|;bl;qdkwm rodao;ygbl;? 'gha=umifh ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@u xGufqdkcdkif;wJhtwdkif; usaemfrxGufqdkEkdifygbl; ” tJ'DtcgusrS ppfaq;a&;tzGJ@awG acgif;csif;qdkifvdkuf=uygw,f? +yD;rS usaemfajymwJhtwkdif; vufESdyfpuf &dkufzdk@ jynfaxmifrSL;udk OD;jrifhodef;u trdef@ay;vdkufygw,f? “ rif;axmifrSm xrif;00vifvif pm;&ovm; ” “ rpm;&ygbl; ” “ axmifydkifudka&m wifjyta=umif;=um;zl;vm; ” “ [kwfuJh wifjyzl;ygw,f? 'gayrJh axmiftm%mydkifu vdkufavsmr_r&SdcJhyg ” ( 'Dae&mrSm OD;jrifhodef;u “ axmifydkifu [if;aumif;vdk@ xrif;awmif;wm/ [if;udkzsufypf ” qdkwJh pum;vHk;udk jzKwfay;zdk@ arwWm&yfcw H ma=umifh rxnfhoGif;EdkifcJhyg? ) “ rif;'Davmufqdk auseyfw,f r[kwfvm; ” “ 'Davmufqdk vufcHygw,f ” “ axmifxJrSm rif;a&qGJzl;ovm; ” 'Dta=umif;udk olwdk@rar;cifrwnf;u usaemfajzcsifwm ,m;aeygw,f? “ qGJcJhzl;ygw,f ” “ wpf&ufudk b,favmufqGJ&ovJ ” “ wpf&ufudk a&yHk; ( 900 ) avmufqGJ&ygw,f ” “ b,ft&G,ftpm; avmufyHk;rsdK;vJ/ w*gvHykH;t&G,fvm; ” “ r[kwfygbl;? a&yHk;u tawmf}uD;ygw,f? ayyguwW&mcGHeJh vkyfxm;wJh oHxnfjzpfygw,f? yHk;&Jh tom;wif tav;csdefwif awmfawmfav;ygw,f? a&*gvH ( 20 )cef@ qef@ygw,f? vl ( 5 )a,muf/ ( 6 ) a,mufavmufrS qGJwifEdkifrSmyg? a&yHk;udk=unfhr,fqdk&if usaemfwdk@ taqmifrSm&Sdygw,f? vdkuf=unfh vdk@&ygw,f ” OD;jrifhodef;eJ@ axmifrSL;awGu olwdk@tcsif;csif; wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf =unfhvdkuf=uygw,f? tHh=ow}uD; jzpfaewJh rsufEmS eJ@ =unfh+yD;rS OD;jrifhodef;u pum;jyefpygw,f? “ a[h...[kwf&J@vm;uGm/ =unfhvJvkyfygOD;/ 'dk@udkvmvdrfraeeJ@/ rif;av#muf+yD; yg;pyfxJ awG@u&m awG rajymeJ@? rif;udk tJ'Davmufrcdkif;ygbl; ” OD;jrifhodef;u ol@a&S@pm;yGJ cHkay:u pm&Gufwpf&Gufudk ,lvdkufygw,f? +yD;awmh usaemfhudk axmifjy ygw,f? “ a[haumif/ rif;oli,fcsif;awG 0if;EkdifOD;wdk@/ aZmf0if;xËf/ vS0if;wdk@ rif;odw,fr[kwfvm; ” “ odygw,f ” “ at;/ olwdk@ajymawmh rif;vdkr[kwfbl;/ rif;ajymwJh a&yHk;ta&twGufeJ@ wjcm;pDyJ? rif;igwdk@udk vmvdrrf aeeJ@? a&yHk; ( 900 )qdkwm b,fvdkenf;eJ@rS rjzpfEdkifbl;? [dkaumifawGajymawmh ( 400 ) vm;/ ( 500 )vm;/ 'DavmufyJ? rif;usrSydkqdk;aew,f? aeprf;ygOD;/ rif;a&aum qGJ&vdk@vm;? yHk; ( 900 )qGJ&w,fvdk@ rif;b,fvdkajymEkdifvJ/ rif;udk,fwdkif a&wGufxm;wmvm; ”


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trSefwu,fawmh ,ckvuf&Sd usaemfwdk@EdkifiHu tusOf;axmifawGrSm toHk;jyKaewJh tusOf; axmifvufpGJ Oya'(Burma jail manual) [m udkvdkeDtpdk;& vufxufuwnf;u t*FvdyfawG jyXmef;xm;wJh Oya'jzpfygw,f? +Adwdo#tpdk;&vufxufuwnf;u a&;qGJxm;wJhaxmifOya'udk jrefrm tpdk;&tqufqufu jyifqifwnf;jzwf+yD; jrefrmh[ef axmifOya'vufpGJjyKvkyfxm;wmjzpfygw,f? pmtkyfvHk;udk t*Fvdyfvdk a&;om;xm;wmjzpf+yD; jyifqifwnf;jzwfwJhtydkif;rSm Oyrmtm;jzifh udkvdkeD vufxufu tusOf;axmifawGxJrSm EdkifiHa&;yk'freJ@ axmifusaeolrsm;udk tqifhcGJ+yD; tcGifhta&; owfrSwf ay;xm;ygw,f? tJ'DtcGifhta&;awGu pmtkyfpmwrf;/ owif;pmzwf&_cGifheJ@/ pma&;om;cGifh pwm awGjzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh rqvvufxufrSm EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;awG&Jh &ydkifcGifhawGudk zsufodrf;cJhygw,f? ) tckvnf; usaemfutusOf;om;axmifvufpGJ Oya'(Burma jail manual) ywfouf+yD; ppfaq;a&; tzGJ@udk ar;jref;cJhygw,f? “ axmifydkif}uD;cifAsm/ tusOf;axmifvufpGJOya'(Burma jail manual) eJ@ywfouf+yD; r&Sif;vif;wJh tcsufawGudk ar;cGifhjyKyg? tusOf;axmifvufpGJOya'(Burma jail manual) pmtkyf[m wtkyfvHk;udk t*Fvdyfvdka&;om;xm;vdk@ od&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@ tusOf;om;awGvdkufem&r,fh tydkif;eJ@ jypf'%fay;r_tydkif;awGudk 1991 ckESpftwGif;rSm &efukeftif;pdefaxmifu axmiftm%mydkifrsm;u wpfyk'f csif;pD bmomjyef+yD; pm&Gufpmwrf;awG a0iS+yD; taqmifwdkif;u tusOf;om;awGem;vnfatmif ae@wdkif; &Sif;vif; zwf=um;wmawG vkyf=uygw,f? 'DudpPudk usaemfha&SŒrSm&SdaewJh &efukeftif;pdefaxmifu axmifrSL;}uD; OD;jrifhOD;udk,fwkdifod&Sdr,fvdk@ xifygw,f? tusOf;axmifvufpGJ Oya'(Burma jail manual) rSm tusOf; om;awGae@pOf vdkufem&r,fh Oya'trdef@(45)ckeJ@ 0efxrf;rsm;vdkufem&r,fh Oya'trdef@ (54)ckwdk@&Sdygw,f? tusOf;om;awGvdkufem&r,fh tydk'fxJrSmyg0ifwJh tcsufawGu axmifwGif;ae@pOfaexdkif/ pm;aomufr_/ oGm;vmr_/ vkyfudkifr_awGeJ@ywfouf+yD; aqmif&ef/ a&Smif&efawGudk tJ'DOya' tydk'fawGrSm tus,fw0ifh azmfjyxm;ygw,f? tJ'Dtyk'f t+yD;rSm aqmif&efa&Smif&efawGudk rvdkufemwJh tusOf;om;awGudk tjypfay;wJh tpD tpOfawGyg&SdwJh Oya'tydkif;udkvnf; azmfjyxm;ygw,f? jypf'%fudk tqifhvdkufazmfjyxm;+yD; tJ'Dtqifh awGuawmh yxrtqifhtaeeJ@ (1)axmif0ifpmydwfr,f (2)ajcusif;cwfr,f (3)a'gufwyfr,f (4)wdkufydwfjypf'%fay;r,fvdk@ yg&Sdygw,f? em&Dydkif;aumfpm;jypf'%fay;jcif;eJ@ tjrifhqHk;jypf'%ftjzpf tusOf;om;udk xrif;rau|;yJ aumfpm;jypf'%f(48)em&D jyKvkyfjcif;awG jzpfygw,f? 'DtusOf;om;rsm; vdkufemr,fh jypf'%fay;r_tydkif;udk tif;pdefaxmifrSm w&m;0ifjzef@a0xm;vdk@ usaemfodcJh&ygw,f? usaemfr &Sif; wJh[mu tusOf;om;wpfOD;udk jypf'%fay;wJhtcgrSm aumfpm;jypf'%fyJ jzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh vdkufem &r,fhtcsufxJu rvdkufemoludk }udrf'%fb,favmuf&dkuf&r,f/ av;zufaxmufoGm;cdkif+yD; }udrf'%f udk }udKufoavmuf&dkufEdkifw,fvdk@ azmfjyxm;wJh[mudk tusOf;om;jypf'%fay;a&; tydkif;rSm rawG@&ygb;l ? usaemfwdk@EdkifiHrSm vGwfvyfa&;&wJh 1947 ckESpfuwnf;u w&m;&Hk;awGrSm }udrf'%fay;jcif;udk y,fzsuf xm;w,fvdk@ od&ygw,f? tu,fvdk@ }udrf'%fay;wm[m w&m;0ifjcif;r&Sdawmh&if tusOf;om;awGeJ@ 0efxrf;awG odomap&ef xkwfjyefa=ujim ay;apvdkygw,f? }udrf'%fay;wm[m touf0if aeao;w,f qdk&ifvnf; od&Sdatmif &Sif;vif; ajymqdkay;apvdkygw,f ” OD;jrifhodef;u usaemfhudkaoaocsmcsm pdkuf=unfh+yD; “rif;wdk@ 5(n)awGu axmifxJrSm awmfawmf }uD;}uD;us,fus,fOya' pum;ajymwJh aumifawGyJ? pum;ajymvdkuf&if(BJM)u rcsawmhbl;? rif;udk&Sif;&Sif;yJajymr,f/ raorcsif;rSwfxm;? rif;wdk@tusOf;om;awGudk }udrf'%ftjypfay;wmudk vmrajymeJ@? axmifu Al;pifawGrSm&SdwJh aoewfawGu rif;wdk@udk ypfvdk@&w,f? Al;0awGrSm aoewf udkif0efxrf;awGudk tvum;xm;wm r[kwfbl;? rif;wdk@wpfckckvkyf&if ypfzdk@yJ? rif;wdk@u owfrSwfxm;wJh Oya'udk vdkufem+yD; aexdkif&ifawmh b,folurS jy\em&Sm+yD; aoewfeJ@ rypfbl;? axmifqlr,f/


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(c) tnmc&D; r=umcifrSm usaemfwdk@ axmifajymif;ta,muf(100)xJu EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;(5)a,muf axmifajymif; cHvdkuf&ygw,f? axmifajymif;cHvdkuf&wJh olawGuawmh udkjrifhqef; 5(n)/ 17(1) rEWav;axmif udkom;!Gef@OD; 5(n) rHk&Gmaxmif udkaZmfrif;(AHkwdk) 5(n) yckuULaxmif udkarmifarmifjrifh 5(n) a&$bdkaxmif udkEdkifrGef 5(n)/ 17(1) rdwWDvmaxmif wdk@yjJ zpfygw,f? tJ'DxJu rHk&Gmaxmifudk ajymif;a&$ŒcHvdkuf&wJholwpfOD; jzpfwJh udkom;!Gef@OD; udk,fwdkifwifJjyxm;wJh ol@&JhaxmiftawG@t}uHK udk rl&if;twdkif;azmfjyvdkufygw,f? om;!Gef@OD; yxrESpf aq;wuUodkvf (1) 1988rSm aq;wuUodkvf ausmif;om;or*~eJ@twl wufwufºuGºuG v_yf&Sm;cJhw,f? 1988puf wifbmvY ppfwyfrS tm%modrf;csdefwGif autef,l vGwfajrmufe,fajrodk@ awmcdkcJhw,f? 1988 'DZifbm vwGif &efukefodk@wm0efjzifhvnf; a&mufvmcJhonf? xdk@aemufAuorsm; tzGJ@csKyfwGif yg0ifaqmif &GufcJhonf? 1989 azazmf0g&DvwGif tif;pdeftusOf;axmifY wpfvcef@ xdef;odrf;cH&+yD; jyefvGwfajrmufvm onfhaemuf Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;a&;aumfrwDY wm0ef,lcJhonf? 1990 {+yDvwGif Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf (atmufArmjynf)udk zGJ@pnf;&mwGif OD;aqmifyg0ifcJhonf? 1990atmufwdkbmvwGif yk'fr 5(n)jzifhppftpdk;&. zrf;qD;r_udkcHcJh&+yD; axmif'%f (5)ESpfcsrSwf jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1991 Edk0ifbmv(24) &ufwGif tif;pdefaxmifrS o&ufodk@ ajymif;a&GŒjcif;cH&um 1992 'DZif bmvY rHk&Gmaxmifodk@ xyfrHajymif;a&GŒ cHcJh&onf? 1994 'DZifbmvY axmifrS jyefvGwfajrmuf+yD; Auorsm;tzGJ@csKyf A[dkpnf;&Hk;a&;aumfrwDwGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? 1996 'DZifbmausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_wGif OD;aqmifyg0ifcJhojzifh ppftpdk;&. vdkufvHzrf;qD;r_a=umifh 1997 Zefe0g&DwGif xdkif;-jrefrm e,fpyfodk@ xGufajy;wdrf;a&SmifcJhonf? vl@abmifopf 'Drdku&ufwpfygwDwGif A[dkaumfrwD0iftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf? xdk@aemuf 1988 =o*kwfvwGif Auorsm;tzG@JcsKyf EdkifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwDtm; pwifzGJ@&mYyg0ifcJh+yD; vuf&Sdwm0efxrf; aqmif aeqJjzpfonf? 1999'DZifbmvwGif EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; ulnDapmifha&Smufa&;toif; (jrefrmEdkifiH) wGif EdkifiHa&;tusOf;orm;a[mif;taejzifh yg0ifv_yf&Sm;qJ jzpfonf? tcef;axmifhrSm [if;cdk;csufwkef; “yHkpH” qdkwJhtoHa=umifh usaemfbmvkyf&awmhrSef; rodbl; jzpfoGm;w,f? tem;rSm tqifoifhvkyfxm;wJh oJawGudk yvwfpwpfcGHawG&_dŒxm;wJh rD;yHkay: oGefcsvdkuf w,f?


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+idrf;csrf;a&; » » » urBmvlrSefor# » » » ESpfjzmwl}uHq » » » trSefy » » » yef=um;rSm » » » ppfqdkonfrSm » » »tE_wfvuQ%m » » » +idrf;csrf;a&;om taygif;vuQ%m» » » a&yrm » » » avyrm » » » vGwfvGwfvyfvyf cHpm;vdk=u&Sm » » » tJ'g+idrf;csrf;a&; t&om » » » +idrf;csrf;a&;om taygif;vuQ%m » »» vlom;EG,ftm; » » » qdwfokOf;apr,fh » » »t%kjrLtEW&m,fudk umuG,fyg » » » tiftm;jzifhvnf; » » » tEdkifusifhr_udk » » » tqHk;owfapcsifwm » » » EkdifiHtcsif;csif; yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;om» » » raES;um » » » ay;ygenf;vrf;&SmazGyg » » » *sdK;jzL » » » *sdK;jzL » » » tqifhqifhulvdk@ » » » ( 0Jum » » » 0Jum )4 » » » urBmvlrSefor# » » » &efrc&Sm » » » ta&;qdkzefcg » » » aw;qdkwHwsm » » » t%kjrLAHk;ydwfypfyg » » » t%kjrLAHk;ydwfypfyg » » » ppfudkrvdkyg » » » ppfudkrvdkyg » » » +idrf;csrf;a&;om » » » taygif;vuQ%m » »»


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tcef; ( 18 )

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OD;tkef;jrifh ( ociftkef;jrifh/ wdk;wufa&; )

OD;tkef;jrifhqdkwm jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&; }udK;yrf;v_yf&Sm;cJholrsm;xJrSm xif&Sm;ausmf=um; vSwJh ociftkef;jrifh (c) wdk;wufa&; OD;tkef;jrifh jzpfygw,f? touf (85)ausmfavmuf&Sdr,fvdk@ cef@rSef;&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@uawmh av;pm;aoma=umifh tbvdk@yJ ac:ygw,f? tbOD;tkef;jrifh[m 1991 ckESpfxJrSm tif;pdefaxmif wdkufxJuae+yD; usaemfwdk@trSwf (3)tdyfaqmifudk a&muf&Sdvmygw,f? tbOD;tkef;jrifh[m tom;a& jzLazG;vS+yD; ydefydefyg;yg;eJ@ oGufvufwJh toGif&Sdygw,f? tbOD;tkef;jrifh[m a':=unf=unf (vGif-rqvmpuf) eJ@ yufouf+yD; axmif ( 5 )ESpfusvmol jzpfygw,f? axmifxJrSm reufrdk;vif;+yDqdkwmeJ@ bm,mwef;rSm a&aomufvdkuf/ vrf;av#mufvdkufeJ@ t+rJvdk awG@&ygw,f? 'Dvdk a&aomuf/ vrf;av#mufwm ae@pOfvdkvdk jyKvkyfwmjzpfygw,f? usaemfvnf; oleJ@twlvrf;av#muf&if; pum;pjrnf ajymjzpfcJh=uw,f? trSeftwdkif; 0efcH&&if tJ'Dtcsdeftxd tbOD;tkef;jrifhqdkwm b,fvdkvlrSef; usaemf rodcJhao;yg? tb&J@ ajymjycsufawGt& tb[m vGwfvyfa&;Adokum}uD; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;&J@ tifrwef&if;ESD;vSwJ@ vkyfazmfudkifzuf wpfa,mufqdkwm od&ygw,f? tbudk usaemfwdk@ ydkav;pm; cspfcifrdoGm;ygw,f? tb[m vGwfvyfa&; }udK;yrf;pOfumvu AdkvfcsKyfeJ@twl v_yf&Sm;aqmif&GufcJhwmawG/ jrpf0u|ef;ay:oGm;c&D;pOfeJ@ ykodrfrSm usif;ywJh ( Auo ) uGefz&ifh ta=umif;awG ajymjyygw,f? tb[m usrf;rma&;vdkufpm;+yD; vrf;av#mufwJhtcgrSm zsufvwfoGufvufvSwJh twGuf vli,fav;wpfa,mufeJ@ tvm;o他efwlygw,f? tb&J@ajymjycsufeJ@ usaemfhxifjrifcsuft& tb[m *sif;abmif;bDudk ESpf+cdKufwuf+yD; tjrJvdk 0wfqifwwfwm awG@&ygw,f? tbudk ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;u vmzrf;pOfwkef;u *sif;abmif;bDeJ@ jzpf+yD; acgif;pGyfpGyfum ppfa=uma&; pcef;rSmxm;ygw,f? aemuf&ufusawmh tbudkppfaq;r,fh axmufvSrf;a&;u *sif;abmif;bD0wf+yD; acgif;pGyfpGyfxm;cH&wJhtbudk vli,fxifrSwf+yD; qJqdk }udrf;armif;&dkufESufygw,f? +yD;rS acgif;pGyfc|wfvdkufwJh tcgrSm acgif;wpfckvHk; qHyifawGjzLazG;aewJh touf (80)ausmf tbdk;}uD;jzpfaewma=umifh axmufvSrf;a&;awG tHhtm;oifh oGm;=uygw,f?


aemufawmh “tbdk;}uD;u i,frljyefaeao;w,f? *sif;abmif;bDeJh bmeJ@” vdk@ajym+yD; ykqdk;vJcdkif;ygw,f? tb[m aq;vdyf/ t&ufudk vHk;0roHk;pGJyJ axmifxJrSmaepOf wpfudk,fa& usef;rma&;udk *&kpdkufygw,f? tb[m touft&G,f }uD;&ifhaeayr,fh pdwf"gwfuawmh oHr%dvdk rma=umvSygw,f? tbOD;tkef;jrifh[m AdkvfcsKyf&J@ orD;i,fjzpfwJh a':atmifqef;pk=unfudkvnf; yk*~dKvfa&;t& oHa,mZOf }uD;rm;vSygw,f? a':atmifqef;pk=unfuvnf; tbtay: rdbozG,f apmi@fa&Smufw,fvdk@ od&ygw,f? tb[m axmifxJrSm pnf;pepfeJ@ tnDaexdkifol jzpfygw,f? usaemf[m tbudk cspfcifav;pm;wma=umifh usaemfaxmif0ifpmvmwdkif; ygvmwwfwJh tvif;a&mifOD;oef;aqG tpma=uaq;udk tbudk t+rJay;avh&Sdygw,f? usaemfo&ufaxmifudkajymif;&awmh tbeJ@ a0;cJh&ygw,f? o&ufaxmifrSm usaemf&SdaepOf tdrfuaxmif0ifpmrSm tbOD;tkef;jrifhu usaemfhtwGuf tvif;a&mif OD;oef;aqG tpma=uaq;awG xnhfay;vdkuf+yD; owd&v#uf&Sda=umif;/ usaemfaxmifu jyefvGwfvmrnfh&ufudk oltjyifuae apmifhar#mfaer,fhta=umif; owif;yg;vdkufygw,f? usaemftwdkif;rod 0rf;omoGm;ygw,f? usaemfaxmifuvGwfawmh tbeJ@oGm;awG@ygw,f? tbxHu usaemfwdk@ wpfcgrSrjrifzl;/ rawG@cJhbl;wJh a&S;a[mif;ordkif;0if"gwfyHktcsdK@eJ@ pm&Gufpmwrf;tcsdK@ &&SdcJhygw,f? tbudk,fwdkifa&;om;wJh vGwfvyfa&;}udK;yrf;r_qkdif&m ordkif;tcsuftvufawG jzpfygw,f? "gwfyHkuawmh AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;/ ocifoef;xGef;/ udkA[def;eJ@ tbwdk@ wGJ&dkufxm;wJh &Sm;yg;"gwfyHk jzpfygw,f? tbeJ@ usaemf 1996 ckESpf cGJcGmcJh&+yD;aemuf 1997 ckESpfrSm tbwpfa,muf aemufwpf}udrf axmifjyefusoGm;w,fvdk@ =um;&ygw,f? tb[m jrefrmEdkifiHrSm ppftpdk;&&Sdaeor# axmifxJa&mufaeOD;rSm jzpfygw,f? 1989 ckESpfrSm tbaxmif (5) ESpfuswkef;u tbZeD;onf&J@ psmyeudk axmifxJuyJ vdkufydk@&w,f? 'Dwpfacguf tbaxmifusoGm;wm[m &Snfv#m;vSwJh axmif'%f}uD;eJ@ jzpfwma=umifh tb&J@ usrf;rma&;udk usaemfpdk;&drfrdygw,f? axmifxJrSm tbwpfa,muf usef;usef;rmrm&Sdaeygapvdk@ ta0;wpfae&mu om;wpfa,muf qkawmif;vdkufygw,f? tb usrf;rmygap. . . . (c)

OD;pdefvS ( AdkvfpdefoHr%d )

tbpdefoHr%d[mvnf; tbOD;tkef;jrifheJ@ touft&G,f rwdrf;r,drf;jzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh tbOD;tkef;jrifhavmuf usef;rma&;raumif;wJhtjyif ausmaxmufaemufcH aumif;aumif;vnf;r&SdvSyg? tbOD;pdefvS[m usaemfwdk@trSwf ( 3 )aqmifukda&mufvmawmh


tb[m cg;tenf;i,fukef;ae+yD; acsmif;tenf;i,f qfdk;aeygw,f? aq;vdyfudkvnf; }udKufESpfouf+yD; pum;ajym&if; vrf;av#muf&if; &,farmaewwfygw,f? 'gayr,fh tbOD;pdefvS[m usef;rma&;odyfraumif;vSayr,fh pdwfuawmh emrnfeJ@ vdkufatmifrmygw,f? tbOD;pdefvS[m vGwfvyfa&; }udK;yrf;pOf umvu udkvdkeD tkyfcsKyfa&;,EW&m;udk v_yfcg+cdrf;ajcmufcJhwJh ykvdyfoydwfwyfrSm OD;aqmifv_yf&Sm;cJhwJhol wpfOD; jzpfw,fvdk@ od&ygw,f? tckvnf; ae0if;rqvtpdk;&udk jywfjywfom;om; a0zefjypfwif &_wfcscJhwma=umifh tif;pdefaxmifwGif; ESpf&Snfaxmif'%fuscHae&wm jzpfygw,f? tb[m axmifxJa&mufvmwJhtcgrSm ae0if;tpdk;&&J@ ,kwfrmnpfywfr_awGudk oljzwfoef;awG@}uHK&wJ@ jzpf&yfawGeJ@ ordkif;eJ@csD+yD; oifcef;pm,l&ef 'Dae@acwfvli,fawGudk vufqifhurf;ajymjyygw,f? tbOD;pdefvS[m touft&G,fu }uD;&ifhvmwJhtjyif usrf;rma&; uvnf; ,dk,Gif;vmwma=umifh e0w&J@vufatmuf tif;pdefaxmif}uD;xJrSm oljrwfEdk;vSwJh vGwfvyfr_twGuf wdkufyGJ0if&if; uG,fvGeftedpP a&mufoGm;ygw,f? tbOD;vSpdefvdk a&S@rSD/ aemufrSdD ordkif;0ifvl}uD;awG uG,fvGeftedpPa&mufcJhwm tifrwefrS ESajrmwo jzpfvSygw,f? txl;ojzifh tbvdk av;pm;zG,faumif;wJh awmfvSefa&; ordkif;0ifyk*~dKvf}uD;awG axmifxJrSm uG,fvGefcJhwm woo ,l}uHK;r& jzpfrdygw,f? tb a&muf&mb0rSm vGwfvyf/ r#wr_udk axG;ayG@Edkifygap. . . . (*)

q&mawmf OD;a&0w

q&mawmfOD;a&0wudk usaemfp+yD;zl;awG@&wkef;u 1990 jynfhESpfESpfqef;ydkif;rSm jzpfygw,f? rEWav;+rdK@uausmif;om;§olawGeJh ykZGefawmif a&ausmf&yfrSm p+yD;zl;awG@&wm jzpfygw,f? q&mawmf[m tom;!dk+yD; ydefydefoG,foG,f o¾mef&Sdygw,f? pum;ajymqdkwJh tcgrSmvnf; at;at;aq;aq; wnfwnf+idrf+idrf ajymqkdwwfygw,f? usaemf 1989 ckESpfu rEWav;+rdK@udk t}udrf}udrfa&mufzl;ygw,f? tJ'DtcsdefumvawGrSm rpdk;&drfwdkufu q&mawmf OD;u0dEN udkrwfv (13)&uf jrefrmjynf vl@tcGifhta&;ae@ oHCmqGrf;uyfyGJ/ rEWav;wuUodkvftcrf;tem;/ 1989 ckESpf ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;or*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf nDvmcHusif;ywJh tcsdefawGrSm zl;awG@cJh &ayr,fh q&mawmf OD;a&0wudk rod/ rjrifzl;cJhyg? q&mawmfOD;u0dEN zrf;qD;cH&+yD; axmifusaecsdef (8888) v_yf&Sm;r_umvawGrSm rEWav;+rdK@ tdrfawmf&mppfa=umif;udk OD;aqmifcJhwJh q&mawmfOD;a&0w[m rEWav;+rdK@u av;jyifav;&yfrSm&SdwJh y&d,wWdpmayudk avhvmqnf;yl;ae=uwJh oHCmawmfawGudk


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jzpf&yfawGta=umif; yg0ifvmygw,f? EdkifiHwumuvnf; rEWav;+rdK@udk pdwf0ifpm;vm cJhygw,f? tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u usaemf[m &efukefrSm usaemftwGufvHkjcHKr_uif;rJhvmwma=umifh rEWav;+rdK@udk a&muf&Sdae+yD; oH&Hk;vdk@ wifpm;ac:a0:cJh=uwJh bkef;}uD;ausmif;wdkufawGrSm aexdkifcJhygw,f? bkef;}uD;ausmif;wkdufawGudk oH&kH;vdk@ac:&jcif;u ppfwyfeJ@ ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;wdk@&J@ 0ifa&mufzrf;qD;r_ab;rS ausmif;om;trsm;tjym;udk bkef;}uD;ausmif;wdkufawGrSm tumtuG,fay;xm;cJhvdk@ jzpfygw,f? 1990 jynfha&G;aumufyGJrwdkifcifrSm tar&duefoH&kH;u yxrEdkifiHa&;twGif;0ef rEWav;udk a&mufvm+yD; rEWav;+rdK@u oHCmudk,fpm;vS,fawGeJh awG@csifw,fvdk@ usaemfhudk ajymygw,f? usaemfvnf; bk&m;}uD; 'udQ%&mrausmif;wkdufrSm q&mawmfOD;a&0weJ@ awG@qHkay;cJhygw,f? +yD;aemufjrefrmEdkifiHwGif; bmoma&;tajctae qdk;&Gm;aer_awGudk tao;pdwf avhvmygw,f? 1990 jynfh =o*kwfv ( 8) &ufae@ tcrf;tem;udk &efukef+rdK@ ykZGefawmif+rdK@e,f r[manmifukef;ausmif;wkdufrSm tajccHynmausmif;om;or*~ (&efukefwdkif;)u OD;aqmifusif;ywma=umifh usaemf&efukefudkoGm;+yD; tcrf;tem;udk wufa&mufcJhygw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm rEWav;+rdK@ ppfwyfuypfcwfr_awGa=umifh oHCmhaoG;ajr usyGJjzpfcJhygw,f? 'ga=umifh usaemfvnf;rEWv;udk csufcsif;jyefwufoGm;+yD; q&mawmfOD;a&0weJ@ awG@qHkum tjzpftysufudk ar;jref;cJhygw,f? tJ'Dae@u jzpfyGm;cJhwJh aoG;ajrusr_eJ@yufouf+yD; q&mawmfu oufaocHtaxmuftxm;awG usaemfhudkjyygw,f? ppfwyfu armif;jyefaoewfawGeJ@ ypfcwfvdk@ oHCmtrsm;tjym; xdrSefaoqHk;yHk/ '%f&mjyif;xefpGm&&dSyHkeJ@ aoG;pGef;aewJh ouFef;awmfawG/ tJ'Dtjyif xl;jcm;tHh=ozG,faumif;wJh oydwfwpfvHk;ukd jyygw,f? oydwf[m oHoydwftrsdK;tpm;jzpf+yD; twGif;eJ@tjyif ESpfckpvHk;udk ppfap;okwfvdrf; xm;ygw,f? ppfwyfu ypfcwfvdkufwJh usnfqef[m oydwf&J@ tv,fydkif;azmif;&pf&Sd ppfaq;eJ@oHudk azmufxGufoGm;+yD; oydwftwGif;rSm usnfqef'kwd, rD;usnf&dkuf&m trm&Gwf}uD;}uD;/ wwd,usnf&dkuf&m trm&Gwftvwf/ pwkwWusnf&dkuf&m trm&Gwftao;eJ@ yOPrusnf&dkuf&m trm&Gwftao;av;udk jrifawG@&ygw,f? ypfcwfr_rSm&&SdwJh usnfqefudk ausmif;u udk&ifav;wpfyg;u a=umufvef@+yD; ukËD(tdrfom)xJ v$ifhypfcJhvdk@ r&Sdawmha=umif; q&mawmfuajymjyygw,f? e0w[m oHCmxkudk aoapEkdifwJhtxd csdef&G,fypfcwfcJhwm xif&Sm;a=umif;/ Ak'<&J@om;awmf &[ef;wdk@udk um,uHajrmuf usL;vGefowfjzwfwJhtjyif/ Ak'<&J@ y&dabm* apwDudkvnf; zsufqD;wJholawG jzpfwma=umifh r=umcifrSm }uD;}uD;rm;rm;ta&;,lzdk@ 'DudpPudk aqmif&GufrSm jzpfa=umif; q&mawmfu quf+yD;ajymygw,f? usaemfvnf; q&mawmfcGifhjyKcsufeJ@ rEWav;+rdK@ 84vrf;r}uD;u vlxkwdkufa&S@rSm jzpfyGm;cJhwJh jzpfpOf tao;pdwfudk rSwfom;+yD; oufaocH"gwfyHk/ oydwfawGudk ,l+yD; &efukefudk qif;vmcJhygw,f? &efukefu oHwreftodkif;t0dkif;eJh owif;XmeawGudk jyoygw,f? e0wu b,fvdkyJ


vdrfnmcJhayr,fh taemufEdkifiHppfoHr_;awGu atau 47 'grSr[kwf *sD-o&D;uJhodk@ t&Sdefjyif;xefwJh aoewftrsdK;tpm;eJ@ ypfcwfwmjzpfa=umif;/ oydwftwGif;&Sdaeaom usnfqef,rf;r_ef@ rsm;udk "gwfcGJ=unfh&mrSm olwdk@ppfaq;csuft& aoapEdkifwJh usnfrsm;eJ@ ypfcwfwm jzpfw,fvdk@ twnfjyK ajym=um;ygw,f? rEWav;+rdK@rSm q&mawmfOD;a&0wwdk@ “ywWedukZ…euHaqmif” oydwfarSmufyGJrusif;ycif usaemfvnf; ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;wdk@&J@ zrf;qD;r_udk cHvdkuf&ygw,f? tJ'Dtcsdefup+yD; q&mawmfeJ@usaemf jyefrawG@jzpf =uawmhygbl;? q&mawmfOD;a&0w[m trsdK;/ bmom/ omoemtwGuf a&S@wef;uae OD;aqmifr_ay;EdkifcJhwJh oHCmtmZmenfwpfyg; jzpfygw,f? oHCmxktrsm;&J@ =unfndKav;pm;r_udk cH&ovdk oHCmxktwGif; nD!$wfr_&apcJhwJh av;jyifav;&yfpvHk;u oHCmawmfawGudk pkpnf;EdkifcJhw,f? rEWav;+rdK@wGif; q&mawmf OD;u0dEN/ q&mawmfOD;a&0weJ@ tjcm;aom oHCmawmfawG[m t"rR0g'DawGudk atmifEdkifcJh=uw,f? q&mawmf}uD;awG[m oHCmxktwGif;rSmomru ausmif;om;xktwGif;/ or*~rsm;twGif;/ ygwDrsm;twGif; nD!$wfa&;&&Sdatmif jyKvkyfay;EdkifcJhygw,f? q&mawmfOD;a&0wu usaemfwdk@ ausmif;om;awGudk rSwfom;p&m pum;wpfcGef;ajymcJhygw,f? q&mawmftygt0if oHCmawG/ ausmif;om;awG jrefrmjynfEdkifiHa&;/ 'Drdkua&pDta&;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;aepOf q&mawmfu . . . “ igvnf; igwufEdkifwJh 0efudkxrf;r,f? igodoifhodxdkufwJh ta=umif;t&mawGyJ ighudkajym=u/ igrodoifh rodxdkufwJhudpPudk ighudkvnf;rajymeJh/ igha&S@rSmvnf; rajymeJ@? igodvdk@ wpfae@axmufvSrf;a&;u zrf;vm;qD;vm;vkyfcJh&if olwdk@uenf;trsdK;rsdK;eJ@ESdyfpuf+yD; ar;rSmyJ? igvnf;ykxkZOf jzpfwma=umifh =um=umcHEdkifrSmr[kwfovdk rkom;vnf;rqdkEdkifbl;? trSeftwdkif;ajym&rSmyJ? bmrSrodwJhudpPudk olwdk@b,favmufyJ&dkuf&dkuf/ toufom aooGm;r,f olwdk@bmrS od&rSmr[kwfbl;? 'gha=umifh igrodoifhwJhudpP/ ta=umif;t&mudk rajym=ueJh ” vdk@ajymcJhygw,f? e0w&J@ vufcsufa=umifh omoemajrawG ppfwvif;jyif jzpfcJhygw,f? bk&m;om;awmfawGudk &uf&ufpufpuf owfjzwfcJhw,f? Ak'<omoemawmf}uD; wpfckvHk; wkefv_yfajcmufjcm;apwJh jzpf&yfawG e0wuzefwD;cJhw,f? 1990 =o*kwfvwGif oHCmawmfawG owfjzwfcJhwJhjrifuGif;udk rEWav;+rdK@ol/ +rdK@om;awG ,ae@wdkifrsufvHk;xJu rxGufEdkif=uao;? rarhazsmufEkdif=uao;? +yD;awmh oHCmxkawG&Jh &J&Jawmuf uHaqmif oydwfarSmufyGJ}uD;awG . . . .? (q&mawmfOD;a&0w ysHvGefawmfrloGm;a=umif; od&wJhtwGuf oHCmhZmenfudk *k%fjyKa&;om;rdygw,f? )


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