DESIGN HISTORY ESSAY WORKBOOK
Design&Context APTDF2109DSM
ZoeTan TP065368
Lecturer: Mr LiewYongKian
DE STIJL
Neoplasticism,oftenknownasDeStijl,wasanimportantartmovementthatoriginatedin theNetherlandsattheturnofthe20thcentury TheovanDoesburgandPietMondrian establisheditin1917withthemainobjectiveofdevelopingauniversalvisuallanguage thatwouldcutacrossnationalboundaries Focusingonsimplicityandpurityofform, usingstraightlines,rightangles,andbasiccolourstocreateapleasingequilibrium,wasat thecoreoftheDeStijlmovement Oneofthemovement'sleadinglights,PietMondrian, rosetofameforhisclassic"grid"paintings,whichfeaturedblacklinescrossingsquaresof red,blue,andyellow Themovement'sinfluencewentbeyondart,havingalong-lasting effectontypography,design,andarchitecture DeStijlhascementeditspositionasa pivotalturningpointinthehistoryofmodernartwithitsemphasisonabstractionand universality,whichhascontinuedtoinfluenceartistsanddesigners
MY THOUGHTS:
DeStijl'suniqueaestheticapproachiswhatmakesitalluring.Themovement's commitmenttominimalismandabstractionreflectstheauthor'saesthetic preferences.Theartistsbreakdowncomplexideasintogeometricelements, demonstratingtheeffectivenessofminimalism.DeStijl'sworkengagestheeyeand mindwithitsuseofprimarycolors,clearlines,andcarefullyconsidered compositions.Theseamlessintegrationofart,architecture,anddesignbyDeStijl goesbeyondestablishedlimits,demonstratingtheinterconnectivityofcreative realms.Theauthor'sadmirationforDeStijlreflectstheirownartisticjourneyand guidingprinciples.Themovement'semphasisonclarity,abstraction,integration,and historicalresonancealignswiththeauthor'sviewofart'scrucialrolein communicatingtimelessconceptsandfosteringaprofoundunderstandingofour environment.
Design&Context
APTDF2109DSM
DE STIJL TABLE
DESCRIPTION:
AfterthelectureaboutDeStijl,weweregivenatasktodrawwhatwethinkthe famous"SidetablebyGerritRietveld"lookedlike.Icameupwiththetable illustrationaboveanditwasinspiredbytheRietveldSchröderhuishouse.Ididnot makethetabletobesupersquare-ishsincethehouseitselfhasacoolstructure.That waswhyImadethetabletolooksdifferentwhenitisseenfromdifferentangles.The threeprimarycolorswerealsousedinthetabledesign.AsIaccidentallyusedthe yellowlinetodraw,thewhitecolorthatwasusedtocolorthetableactuallyindicates yellowinreallife.
Design&Context APTDF2109DSM
ARTS & CRAFT MOVEMENT
TheArtsandCraftsMovementemergedinthelate 19thandearly20thcenturiesasaresponseto industrializationandmassproduction.Ledby notablefigureslikeWilliamMorris,itaimedto revivecraftsmanshipandartisanalskills,promoting thebeautyofhandmadeitems.Artistsdrew inspirationfrommediaevalandfolkart,focusing onnatureandsimplicity.Themovementalso promotedfairpayandbetterworkingconditions forartisans,promotingaccessibilitytoartanda holisticapproachtothecreativeprocess This movementleftalastingimpactonvariousart forms,architecture,anddesign
MY THOUGHTS:
Duetotheinherentbeautyfoundinitemsproducedwithloveandcareful consideration,themovement'scelebrationofauthenticitycaptivates.Extensive patterns,motifsinfluencedbynature,andwarm,earthycoloursusedinartworks generateasenseofconnectiontoculturalhistory.TheArtsandCraftsMovement's supportforequalpayandbetterworkingconditionsforartisansresonatestoday.The commitmenttoprotectingcraftspeople'rightsexemplifieshowartcanspurbeneficial societalchange.Underscoringthetransformativepowerofartisthemovement's wide-ranginginfluenceonvariousartisticmediums,architecturalparadigms,and cutting-edgedesignconcepts.Thisimpactactsasaconstantreminderthatarthasthe powertosimultaneouslyadvancesocialjusticeandelevateaestheticsensibilities. TheappreciationfortheArtsandCraftsMovementstemsfromitsemphasison authenticity,supportofartisans'rights,andcapacitytouniteartandsocietal advancement.Itsongoingimpactisproofofthesignificantinfluenceartcanhavein creatingamorebeautifulandjustworld.
Design&Context APTDF2109DSM
ART NOUVEAU
TheArtNouveaumovementemergedinthelate19th andearly20thcenturies,focusingonelaboratemotifs, organicforms,andaseamlessfusionofartandcraft.It rejectedacademicpaintingrulesandembracedafresh aestheticthatvaluednature,invention,andpersonal expression.Inspiredbynaturalformslikeplants, flowers,andvines,themovementinfluencedvarious fields,includingjewellery,decorativearts,visualarts, architecture,andmore.Theemphasisonartisanal craftsmanshipandthedesiretoincorporateartinto dailylifeledtothedevelopmentofaesthetically pleasingandusefulstructuresandobjects.Today's artisticanddesignmovementscontinuetodraw inspirationfromArtNouveau,demonstratingitslasting impactonartperceptionandcreation.
MY THOUGHTS:
Concernsaboutthisartistictrendstemfromitsinclinationforgrandioseandbaroque designconceptsthatfrequentlyleanonthesideofexcess.Theelaborate,flowinglines andnature-inspiredmotifsthatdistinguishArtNouveaucanbeoverpoweringandrisk underminingthepurityandsimplicitythatareprizedinart.Themovement'sgreat emphasisondecorativecomponentscouldobscuredeeperthematicmeaningor socio-culturalcommentary,therebymaskingtheunderlyingmessageandgiving viewersasenseofaestheticshallowness.Furthermore,ithasbeennotedthatthe elaborateandstylizedshapesofArtNouveaumayobscuretheworkmanshipessential toartisticcreation.Riskingtheunderappreciationofthehumanelementofartistic endeavour,theemphasisonextravagantdecorationsmaymaskthepreciselabour andattentionputbyartistsintheircreations.Inconclusion,concernsaboutArt Nouveauarerootedinitspropensityforostentation,theriskofthemeovershadowing, andthepossibilityofhidingtheintrinsiccraftsmanship.
Design&Context APTDF2109DSM
ARTS DECO
ArtDeco,anartisticmovementthatemergedinthe 1920sand1930s,isknownforitsglitzy,edgyaesthetic thatcombineselementsofluxuryandindustrial.It's streamlinedandsymmetricalstyleisinfluencedby historiccivilizations,moderntechnological developments,andtheaviationindustry.Itfeatures innovativematerialslikechrome,glass,andmirror surfaces,oftencontrastingwithluxuriousmaterialslike marbleandexoticwoods.Themovementrepresents aneraofprogressandextravagance,influencingthe architectureofbigtheaters,thestylingofopulent oceanliners,andthestyleoftheGreatGatsbyera.Art Deco'slastinginfluencecontinuestofascinateand inspirepeopletoday,showcasingavisuallyarresting fusionofmodernismandluxury.
MY THOUGHTS:
Theappealofthemovementismostlyfoundinitsappreciationofrefinementand grandeur.Theuseofsleeklines,geometricshapes,andpriceymaterialsinArtDeco conveysasenseofrefinementthatistimelessandisappealingtoindividualswithan eyeforexcellentaesthetics.ArtDeco'sabilitytocombineformandfunctionisalso fascinating.Itscapacitytoimbueusefulproductswithartisticflareandexquisite detailingisanexampleofthemovement'sdedicationtoraisingtheordinarytothe levelofartistry.Themovement'shistoricalandculturalrelevance,notablyduringthe interwaryears,alsoemphasisesitspopularity.Arichbackgroundforappreciationis providedbyArtDeco,whichcapturesthevibrancyandoptimismofatime characterisedbysocietalchangeandculturalinnovation.ArtDeco'shistorical importance,celebrationofeleganceandopulence,andintegrationofformand functionarethefoundationsofthisadoration.Thosewhovaluehowartisticexpression andculturalrelevancearecombinedareenthralledbyitspersistentallure.
Design&Context APTDF2109DSM
RIVER OF LIFE TOUR
InKualaLumpur,werecently investigatedtheintriguingRiverof Life Iwasabletousethischance tocombinemyacademic understandingwithon-the-ground observationsandshedlightonthe complexinteractionsbetween architectureandurbanrenewal Thetripwasafascinating experiencethatbroughttolight the significantinfluencethat architecturaldecisionshaveon urbansettings Mywritingisto capturetheseamlessblendingof contemporaryarchitectural featureswiththecity'shistorical setting.Theharmonious coexistenceoftheancientand new alongtheriverbanksisillustratedbythisintegration,whichoffersagrippingtale ofKualaLumpur'sdevelopment.Duringthetourtalks,mylecturer'sviewshelpedme gainagreaterknowledgeofsustainabledesignprinciplesandthecarefulplanningthat architectsgothrough.
Design&Context APTDF2109DSM
RIVER OF LIFE: BRUTALISM
Themid-20thcenturysawtheemergence ofthedistinctivearchitecturalstyleknown asbrutalism,whichisdistinguishedbyits brashandunpolishedappearance.This designstrategyplacesapremiumon materials'honestyandutility,frequently showcasingrawconcretesurfaces The word"brutalism"isderivedfromthe French"bétonbrut,"whichmeans"raw concrete,"andcapturestheemphasisof themovementontheplainandpractical natureofconcrete AfterWorldWarII,the demandforfunctionalandeconomical buildingsledtotheriseofbrutalistdesign. Thisdesignwasadoptedbyarchitectsto producestructuresthatwerebothpractical andbeautiful.Inordertoconveyasenseof monumentality,thedesignfrequentlyuses large,angularshapes,repetitivepatterns, andgeometricforms
Design&Context APTDF2109DSM
RIVER OF LIFE: BRUTALISM
InKualaLumpur,Malaysia,theAgrobankbuildinghasBrutalistdesignelements The harsh,efficientstyleofbrutalismiswell-knownforfrequentlyincorporatinggeometric forms,exposedconcrete,andaconcentrationonfunctionality Herearesometraitsthat couldbeseenintheAgrobankbuildinginKualaLumpur:
EXPOSED CONCRETE:
TheAgrobankbuildinginKuala Lumpurmayhaveafacadeand structuralcomponentsbuiltof concretethatisleftuntreatedor justminimallyfinished,asis typicalofbrutalistarchitecture.
GEOMETRIC SHAPES:
Brutaliststructuresfrequently usestrikinggeometricforms andshapes Sharpangles, straightlines,andrepeating patternsmaybeseeninthe Agrobankbuilding,whichadds toitsoveralldesign.
Design&Context APTDF2109DSM
RIVER OF LIFE: BRUTALISM
ThisAgrobankbuildingnotonlyhasBruatalismbutisacombinationwithstreamline The sidepartofthebuildinghascurvedelementswhichisfeaturedinstreamlinewhereasthe restofthebuildingisinageometricshape
MINIMAL ORNAMENTATION:
Brutalismplacesagreater emphasisonfunctionalitythan onornamentation.Withafocus onthestructure'sfunction,the Agrobankbuildingcanappear simpleandunadorned.
MASSIVE AND MONUMENTAL:
ThevastmajorityofBrutalist structuresareenormousand imposing.TheAgrobank building'ssizeandscalemight haveasignificantaesthetic impact,makingitanotable landmarkinthecity
Design&Context APTDF2109DSM
RIVER OF LIFE: BRUTALISM
InKualaLumpur,Malaysia,theAgrobankbuildinghasB harsh,efficientstyleofbrutalismiswell-knownforfrequ forms,exposedconcrete,andaconcentrationonfunctio couldbeseenintheAgrobankbuildinginKualaLumpur
UNIQUE TEXTURE:
Distinguishedbyitstexture, whichisthatofexposed concrete Possiblerough, texturedsurfacesonthe Agrobankbuildingcouldgive thearchitecturedepthand personality.
UTILITARIAN DESIGN:
Brutalistarchitectureoften prioritizesthefunctionalaspects ofabuilding TheAgrobank building'sdesignmightreflect thebank'sneedforefficient workspaceandserviceareas
Design&Context APTDF2109DSM
RIVER OF LIFE: BRUTALISM
MY THOUGHTS:
Thosewhovaluebravadoandtheunapologeticallyexpressedformandmaterialare drawntobrutalism'srawandunabashedarchitecturalstyle,whichcommands admiration.Theattractivenessofthemovementisrootedinitsutilitarianattitudeand focusonusability.Brutalistbuildings,distinguishedbyitsuseofexposedconcrete andstronggeometries,exhibitanarchitecturalsinceritythattranscendsstylistic flourishesandresonateswithadmirersofbareauthenticity.Themovement'sappeal isincreasedbyitsabilitytoarousepowerfulemotionalreactions.Theinternaleffect ofbrutalistconstructionscreatesaspecialandlong-lastingrelationshipwithviewers byfrequentlyinspiringsentimentsofaweandintrospection.Thecombinationof towering,somewhataustereexteriorswithdelicateinternalspacesgivesbuildings theiremotivenature,makingforarichandfrequentlyunexpectedarchitectural experience.Thehistoricalimportanceofbrutalityalsoaddstoitsattractiveness.It wascreatedinthemiddleofthe20thcentury,atimeofsocialupheavalandcultural transformation,anditoffersadistinctiveperspectiveonhowarchitectureofthetime respondedtothesedevelopments.Asaresult,theattractionofbrutalismliesinits unapologeticaesthetics,utilitarianethos,capacitytoelicitstrongemotional reactions,andhistoricalimportance.Thosewhovalueitsunwaveringcommitmentto architecturalauthenticityremainenthralledbyitsongoingpresence.
Design&Context APTDF2109DSM
REFERENCES:
Graf,S.(2023).Anintroductiontotheartsandcraftsmovement.TheCollector.
https://www thecollector com/introduction-arts-and-crafts-movement/
TheArts&CraftsMovementOverview (n d ) TheArtStory https://www.theartstory.org/movement/arts-and-crafts/
Bravic,L.(2023).AlphonseMucha:Bio&ArtNouveauPosters.ArtlandMagazine.
https://magazine artland com/alphonse-mucha-bio-art-nouveau-posters/
Waldek,S.(2016,November24).5oftheBestArtDecoBuildingsinNYC.Architectural Digest https://www architecturaldigest com/gallery/art-deco-buildings-nyc
TheEditorsofEncyclopaediaBritannica (1998,July20) ArtNouveau|History, characteristics,artists,&Facts.EncyclopediaBritannica.
https://www britannica com/art/Art-Nouveau
Maganga,M (2023) Color,Composition,andScale:AnalyzingBrutalistphotography ArchDaily.https://www.archdaily.com/994163/colour-composition-and-scaleanalysing-brutalist-photography
WhatisArtDeco?EverythingYouNeedToKnowAbouttheMostPopularEarly20th CenturyDecorativeStyle|Widewalls.(n.d.).https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/whatis-art-deco-decorative-style
AgrobanknamesKhadijahIskandarascoveringpresidentandCEO (n d ) TheEdge Malaysia https://theedgemalaysia com/article/agrobank-names-khadijah-iskandarcovering-president-and-ceo
Hohenadel,K.(2022).Whatisbrutalism?TheSpruce.
https://www thespruce com/what-is-brutalism-4796578
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