Š Mary ellen mark Falkland road, Mumbai
Acknowledgements While having born in india has contributed by means of inheriting my ways of life and imbibing its subtleties. my journey of unlocking and interpreting the numerous folds of social existence and spatial conguration in this land of immensity and extremities has been an intense tour through time and space. The seeds of the enquiry were sown during the discussions with Ar. Preeti Pansare on “space psychology and notions of social perception”. She has been associated with project all along as a Guide and Friend. Ar. Sonam Ambe and Ar. Minal Modak joined in, and their questioning and reasoning helped generate debate and conviction of ideas. I ns i ghts of p res ent d a y s c ena ri o b y Rescue
foundation - Kandivali , Navjeevan Center Kalyan and Prerna - Turbhe help with data organization as well as administrative aspects brought about the physicality of the project. I would take this oppurtunity to thank my Parents, my Sister, my aunt Shabeena Shaikh and Imran Khan for their support and help without which nothing would have been possible. I specially thank my friends, Rajat Nair,Aniket Sakre, Nirali Gilbile, Omkar Satam, Shahrukh Tandel, Sharukh Shaikh, Sadhana Phulore, Asmita Beloche and Shayan Bamne for their help, support and persistence
Over view of Thesis Accounts and descriptions of the sex trade may be divided into two groups. For some, sex trafcking and prostitution are conated into one issue. This group argues that all sex for sale is exploitation against women regardless of ‘choice’ and thus should be illegal. In opposition, others separate sex trafcking from prostitution. This group condemns sex trafcking and other forms of forced sex work, yet at the same time accepts prostitution as an acceptable form of labour that should be legalized and regulated. While addressing this debate is beyond the scope of this paper, it should be understood that whether sex trafcking and prostitution are conated or separated,they propagate the sex trade. Furthermore, regardless of how a woman, man, or child is incorporated into the sex trade, the majority of sex providers experience similar forms of violence and exploitation. It is also important to note a rise in male sex workers. However, the sex trade is overwhelmingly sustained through male purchases of sexual services provided by women and children. Consequently, the sex industry is characterized by the violence and exploitation experienced by women and children as sex providers. The objective of Thesis is to furnish help through rehabilitation centre and out reach centre by employing tools of architecture at hand. Accounts of doubt have been raised over and again in past years that ‘rehabilitation centre dedicated only for sex workers will further more stigmatized the inmates’. This thesis explore the stated premise as an opportunity learn socio-spatial conguration of existing facilities and device better establishment based on the guide lines Ministry women and child, Govt. of India provide against supreme court judgement (Buddhadev kamaskar vs state of west bengal,2012-13).
Contents
Š Zana Briski Born into Brothels, Kolkata
Synopsis Hypothesis: - Architecture can De-stigmatized marooned. Among huge envelope of India's poor, extreme poverty and the low premium traditionally placed on female lives sees thousands of girls, most of them more children than women, sold into unmitigated hell by family members and acquaintances. For ages, the commercial sex trade has been the chief destination for trafď€ cked girls. According to a report by the Ministry United Nations Centre for Development and Population Activities indicates that approximately 200 girls and women in India enter sex work every day. More than 160 are forced into it. In 2013, The Rescue foundation rescued over 1000 girls across Mumbai, Thane, Panvel and Pune. These girls require special attention and care not just limited to their medication but providing them intricate psycho-social counselling at every stage and an overall positive attitude. Because of their traumatic depression coupled with their HIV status, they develop suicidal tendencies. Hence, their wellbeing depends on the environment in which they stay.
Aim .: Aim of this thesis is to study and de-stigmatized the spatial-cultural conď€ guration of the sex workers (CSW, Children of CSW and VHT) and subsequently devises means to assist their rehabilitation through the provision of a shelter wherein they can learn skills for legal, gainful employment and a healthy livelihood.
Objective .: The rehabilitation centre will serve as temporary house for the rescued sex worker to learn to lead to a danger and disease free life style by providing them with skills or capital to earn their livelihood or set up a business and a support system for them and their children and thus giving them a new lease of life.
Scope.: The Design would be to focus on the exibility of rehabilitation Centre in accordance with desired requirement. While the study and research will be done in order to better understand the requirements and de-stigmatization of the social lives of these people.The design will deal with the spatial, program and functional aspects of the Centre. Zeeshan Suhelaziz
Introduction The design dissertation provide social infrastructure for various Red Light areas by developing site speciď€ c interventions in the form of a programmatic module which spatially and functionally facilitate the decade long positive initiative that were undertaken by speciď€ c government organizations for the various red light areas.
Š Mary ellen mark Falkland road, Mumbai
Narratives Duality of Existence present as the living part WHAT IS SEX WORK? Sex work is the act of providing sexual services in exchange for money, goods or favours. This term has replaced the word prostitution, which is marked by years of social stigma. The term sex work and, in turn, sex worker, better describes the work and the adults engaging in it. It separates the economic activity from a personal identity and recognizes that sex workers, like all people, have identities beyond their occupation. SEX WORKER’S PERCEPTION “We are sex workers. We practice act of providing sexual services in exchange for money. We are workers who use our brains and our skill to earn an income. We are proud to support ourselves and our extended families. We look after each other at work; we fought for safe and fair standards in our industry and equal rights within society. Most of us are tricked into the profession against our will. I tried to escape but was tortured, recaptured and rejected by every sect of society. We are actively discussed on every issue…politics, economics, environment, laws, rights etc. citizens see us as problem makers but noone offers a solution, all we want is to try and found the space in society to stand up and be heard.”
Illustration .: Level of stigmatization in social group against the parameter of : Family and Relatives Society Law Enforcement Medical Care
Sex work in India Why does one enter sex trade ? There are various reasons how they end up in sex trade, many people think women become sex workers because they are immoral or too lazy to nd other work. But most women do so because they need money and have no other way to earn it. These women need money for food and shelter, to support their children and families, to pay debts, or to buy drugs. This desperate need often arises in situations a woman cannot control: for example, her husband dies, or she gets divorced, or her husband or family abandons her. Or she may be raped or have an unplanned pregnancy and nd that no one will marry her. If she has no job skills or ways to get money, she sells the only thing she has—her body—in order to survive. Other women are forced into sex work. Often women are tricked into thinking they are going to get jobs or rich husbands in other countries and are sold into sex work instead. Then it is almost impossible to stop selling sex.
Illustration .: furnishes facts and the causes why one enter sex trade and classies the cause into user group viz. commercial sex worker, children of sex worker and victim of human trafcking.
Sex work in India Violence and Exploitation within the sex trade. Many women and children often voluntarily migrate to obtain sex related work or to follow false promises for employment in order to escape abusive relationships at home, either from their families, husbands, or boyfriends. In Kolkatta, since the year 2000, seven of every ten sex trafcking victims assisted by the NGO, reported domestic violence including rape, beatings, and psychological abuse by their husbands,uncles, or fathers as the primary factor in their decision to accept work afar. In Kerala, India the Foundation for Integrated Research in Mental Health (FIRM) found that more than fty percent of sex workers were previously married and “experienced domestic violence, desertion by their husbands, being sold by their husbands or having their property seized by their husbands and later divorced”(Jayasree, 2004). Since these women had been economically dependent on their husbands and were not employed, they went in search for work. However, in India, as in many other countries, there are few economic opportunities available for poor women. Furthermore, when they found employment they earned minimal wages and were often sexually exploited by their male employers. In the end, many women resorted to sex work for payment as a means of survival. Irrespective of how individuals were integrated into the sex trade, women and children continue to experience extreme and often sustained forms of violence and exploitation while working in it. They experience various forms of emotional, physical,and sexual abuse. Such experiences before, during, and after the sex trade occasion avariety of short and long term personal problems which can be divided into three main categories: physical, psychological, and behavioural effects. While each individual undergoes and internalizes their involvement in the sex trade differently, several studies of children, youth, and adults who had previously been engaged in the industry offer broadly similar conclusions.
Physical and Psychological Effects There is much academic debate over the notion of free choice – whether individuals enter prostitution voluntarily or are coerced by unequal power. However it is the effect of prostitution on those involved. Most psychologists believe the long term psychological harm resulting from prostitution is comparable to that from rape or domestic violence. Almost 76% of those involved in prostitution experience some form of Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The core experience of violence and psychological trauma associated with prostitution are disembowelment and disconnection with others. Internally these experiences often cause a split among mind, body and soul. Individuals involved in prostitution often develop complex coping mechanism and rituals to minimize their pain and loneliness .: Ÿ Dissociative disorders (eg: disconnection, distancing) Ÿ Self-harm Ÿ Anxiety disorders (eg: xation, memory loss, panic attacks, ash backs) Ÿ Eating disorders Ÿ Substance abuse (leading to long term addiction and mental illness) Ÿ Obsessive compulsive behaviours Ÿ Sleeping disorders (oversleeping, insomnia) Ÿ Paranoia
Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ
Spiritual disruption Fatalism and rage Dual diagnosis Self-care issues
Social Stigmatization Those in prostitution inevitably become social outsiders by the fact that their own sexual objectication is traded for money. It is a form of social death. The stigma and shame of prostitution forces women to live secret separate lives that have to be hidden and lied about. They may be ostracized, humiliated, unable to share their lives with others, isolated, and afraid to speak openly about their experiences and their difculties. They are reluctant to seek help and report crimes against them fearing judgment, prejudice and further stigmatization Our wider, surrounding culture marginalise, stereotypes and stigmatizes these women and these attitudes are inevitably internalized by the women themselves, reinforcing already poor levels of self-esteem and self-worth. There can be great difculty, therefore, because of this stigmatization, degradation and shame in even imagining, not to say taking steps to move to, an alternative lifestyle. This experience of stigmatization and embarrassment and shame is reported in countries such as the Netherlands and Germany and states in Australia where prostitution is legalized and regulated. Proponents of regulation have always argued that regulation and legalization would diminish the stigmatization but reports show that underground and illegal prostitution has increased in these countries because many women would rather work illegally than register and ofcially name themselves as working in prostitution Because they agree to sell their sexuality as a commodity, women in prostitution are held to have placed themselves outside the remit of the socially agreed rules that govern sexual life. The sanctions that protect other women are felt by women and their customers not to apply. The rape, even the murder, of women in prostitution does not evoke the same degree of popular outrage as the rape or murder of others.
© Mary ellen mark Falkland road, Mumbai
Sex work in India Prevalence of sex trade. In India, prostitution (the exchange of sexual services for money) is legal, but a number of related activities, including soliciting in a public place, kerb crawling, owning or managing a brothel, prostitution in a hotel, child prostitution, pimping and pandering, are crimes. Prostitution is legal only if carried out in private residence of a prostitute or others. But many brothels illegally operate in many Indian cities including Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata.
WORLD HUMAN TRAFFICKING INDEX
Indian prostitution is the Chukri System, whereby a female is coerced into prostitution to pay off debts, as a form of bonded labour. In this system, the prostitute generally works without pay for one year or longer to repay a supposed debt to the brothel owner for food, clothes, make-up and living expenses. In India, the Government's "central sponsored scheme" provides ď€ nancial or inkind grants to released bonded labourers and their family members, the report noted, adding over 2,850,000 people have beneď€ ted to date. Almost 5,000 prosecutions have been recorded so far under the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act of 1976.
SOURCE : WWW. UNICEF.COM
1200
1000
800
600
400
REG. CASES INDIAN FOREIGNER
200
0
SOURCE : RESCUE FOUNDATION, MINISTRY OF WOMEN WELFARE AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT
POPULAR CULTURE AND PRINT MEDIA Prostitution, has been a theme in Indian literature and arts for centuries, Mrichakatika a ten-act Sanskrit play, written in the 2nd century BC. It entails the story of a courtesan. Tawaif, or the courtesan in the Mughal era, has been a theme of a number of lms including Pakeezah (1972), Umrao Jaan (1981) etc. These lms deals with the harsh realities of human trafcking and child prostitution, which continue behind closed curtains in rural areas of India. However, Born into Brothels by Zana Briski , a 2004 documentary lm about the children of prostitutes in Sonagachi, Kolkata. Briski, a documentary photographer, went to Kolkata to photograph prostitutes. While there, she offered to teach the children photography so they could learn photography and possibly improve their lives. Their photographs depicted a life in the red light district through the eyes of children typically overlooked and sworn off to do chores around the house until they were able to contribute more substantially to the family welfare. Much of their work was used in the lm, and the lmmakers recorded the classes as well as daily life in the red light district. The children's work was exhibited, and one boy was even sent to a photography conference in Amsterdam. Briski also recorded her efforts to place the children in boarding schools although many of the children did not end up staying very long in the schools they were placed in. Others, such as Avijit and Kochi not only went on to continue their education, but were graded well. ‘Jogwa’ (2009), a Marathi movie entails life hardship and cult cruel laws in the DEVDASI tradition in southern Maharashtra & Karnataka . ‘Sold’ by Patricia McCormick, captures the lifes tory of a nepali girl trafcked into prostitution in mumbai to rescue and to repartition issues involved in a novel.
© Zana Briski Born into brothels.
Laws, Strategies and Regulaion The Hon'ble Supreme Court in its Order dated 14/02/2011 delivered in Criminal Appeal No. 135 of 2010, between Budhadev Karmaskar versus State of West Bengal directed the State Governments to prepare scheme for giving technical/vocational training to sex workers and sexually abused women to enable them to earn for their livelihood by such vocational training and skill. State government across India framed schemes in-order to meet the said purpose. whereby, Government of Goa framed the most concise schemes which is as follows:1. Objectives of the Scheme :The objective of this Scheme is to provide technical/vocational training to sex workers and sexually abused women to enable them to earn for their livelihood by such technical/vocational training and skill. 2. Implementing Department:The Department of Women and Child Development, Government of Goa shall implement this Scheme. The Department will take the assistance of members of reputed NGOs/Trust/Society/professionals/expert bodies, who are involved in rehabilitation of sex workers. 3. Eligibility Criteria:A victim of commercial sexual exploitation is eligible to apply for the benets under this Scheme. 4.
Manner of making application :-
Ÿ Application for availing the benets under this Scheme shall
be made to the Probation Ofcer.
Ÿ The Probation Ofcer shall place the application before the
Monitoring Committee who shall recommend on releasing immediate relief, if required, appointment of Mentor, technical/vocational training, admission in educational institution, etc. of sex workers. 5. Immediate relief :A victim of commercial sexual exploitation (excluding victims housed in Protective Home) will be provided a stipend of Rs. 2500/- per month, after rescue or exit from commercial sexual exploitation. The stipend will be paid for a period of three months or till she joins a livelihood programme, whichever is earlier.
6. Technical/Vocational Training: The Mentor/Probation Ofcer shall assess about literacy, skills, interest, etc. of sex workers and help them to join technical/vocational training programme. Emphasis shall be given to the training programmes which has opportunities for jobs or setting up own enterprise, such as, repair of home appliance, mobile repair, beauty treatment, tailoring, bakery, catering, etc. The said training will be provided by the Government or NonGovernment institutes. The Government will bear the fees, travel and other miscellaneous expenses through the corpus fund created under clause 17 of the scheme. 7. Education :A victim of commercial sexual exploitation, if she is interested in pursuing her education then she will be
supported for her education till Standard XII. All the expenses related to her education, boarding, travel, fees, books, toiletries, etc. may be paid through the corpus fund created under clause 17 of the scheme subject to the recommendations of the Monitoring Committee. 8. Ÿ
Ÿ
Ÿ
Ÿ
Monitoring Committee:There shall be a Monitoring Committee to monitor implementation of this Scheme and to perform the duties assigned under the Scheme. The Monitoring Committee shall be headed by Director of Women and Child Development, who shall be its Chairperson and consist of following other members. (a) Two social workers, especially members of NGOs or expert bodies involved in rehabilitation of sex workers to be nominated by Government. (b) An Ofcial from Police Department preferably, incharge of the Integrated Anti Human Trafcking Unit as nominated by Government. (c) A qualied doctor having experience in mental health as nominated by Government. (d) A person having experience in business enterprise (preferably representative of Chamber of Commerce and Industry) as nominated by Government. (e) Two other members preferably victims of commercial sexual exploitation as per nomination by Government. (f) Probation Ofcer, who shall be Member Secretary of the Monitoring Committee. The Committee shall meet as often as deemed t by Chairperson; but shall meet within a week from the date of receipt of application to give its recommendation. During the meeting, the monitoring team shall look into the progress in each case supported under this Scheme.
Ÿ The Committee may interact with the victim to know about
her progress. Ÿ The Committee shall transact such other business and follow
such rules of procedure in transacting business as deemed t by the Chairperson. 9. Shelter: A victim of commercial sexual exploitation, if in need of shelter, shall be admitted in a shelter home/Protective Home being managed by non-Government organization or Government organization or organization receiving grants from the State/Central Government. 10. Psycho-Social Services:A victim of commercial sexual exploitation will be provided counselling by Probation Ofcer or by a person appointed as “Mentor” or by a professional counsellor or psychiatrist working in a Government or non Government organization. Expenses incurred for fees, travel, medicine, etc. will be met through the corpus fund created under clause 17 of the scheme. 11. Health: The victim shall be provided health services for all kinds of ailments at the Government hospital. Victims suffering with HIV or Tuberculosis will be connected to ART and DOTS schemes. In cases where the victim is suffering from AIDS and requires institutional care, she shall be admitted to one of the care centres meant for people with HIV/AIDS, for a period of six months. 12. Reintegration: The Probation Ofcer or “Mentor” shall help the victim in reintegrating with her family and community by
Laws, Strategies and Regulaion report, providing counselling to the family members and if necessary to the members of the community. 13. Children:The children of the trafcked victim shall be provided counselling and assistance for admission in the school by the Probation Ofcer or by a person appointed as “Mentor”. All the expenses related to the education of the children, such as boarding, travel, fees, books, toiletries, etc. upto Std. XII shall be met through the corpus fund created under clause 17 of the scheme. 14. Protection :The Probation Ofcer or “Mentor” shall take the assistance of the family members, community members, religious leader, local police and Integrated Anti-human Trafcking Unit of Goa police in ensuring that the victim is not harassed by the trafckers.The Probation Ofcer or Mentor may also make a written complaint to the Chairperson of the Goa State Commission for Women, for victims protection and the Commission shall take necessary action to protect the victim. 15. Livelihood: (a) The Probation Ofcer or “Mentor” shall assist the victim in nding a job, based on the interests and skills of the victim. In case the victim is unable to get a job or is not interested in a job, then the Probation Ofcer or “Mentor” based on the interest, skill and the viability of a business shall help her in setting up a business enterprise. (b) Those victims who have successfully completed the vocational training may be provided all the support by the Probation Ofcer/Mentor for preparation of project
availing loan from nancial institutions etc. The Department of Women and Child Development may provide such nancial assistance to the victim through the corpus fund created under clause 17 of the scheme for setting up business enterprises as may be decided by the Government from time to time. 16. Funds :A corpus will be created in the name of “Sex Workers Rehabilitation Fund”. Government will provide funds for corpus in the form of annual grants for the implementation of the scheme and will accept voluntary contributions from Individuals, Organizations, Trusts, Companies and Institutions etc. Director & Ex-Ofcio Jt. Secretary, Women and Child Development
Study of red light area across Mumbai region DEVELOPMENT OF RED LIGHT AREA When the British left India, the Indian sex workers took over. In recent decades, large numbers of Nepalese women and girls have also been trafcked into the district as sex workers. Over the years the sex industry in red light area across Mumbai continued to ourish, and trafcking brought women from different parts of the country here. Since, most of the sex workers come from other Indian states. There is little interaction between areas, which makes it harder for social organizations to organize them into a movement or union. Further, lack of public opinion, political leadership or social activism which is empathetic towards them means a tough time forming unions. There are at best 13 red light areas within the vicinity of Mumbai, Thane and Navi Mumbai. They vary in program, size and typology. They consist of Brothel based sex workers, Floating sex workers and home based sex workers.
RED LIGHT AREAS ACROSS MUMBAI OVER 2 DECADES
Module Development The research consciously chooses to fulll the needs of the sex workers and their children in these red light area. Life within these areas is incredibly difcult. Poverty, drug and alcohol addiction, gambling & violence are an everyday reality. To overcome the dark image casted upon by the ‘socially rejected’ occupation .an architectural interventions cursoring their basic needs is beckoned and extremely important for one to lead a dignied life.
Š Mary ellen mark Falkland road, Mumbai
Module development
Module development STEP -3 ANALYSING REHABILITATION AND REINTEGRATION STRATEGIES Rehabilitation and reintegration programs and strategies targeting individuals recovering from violence and exploitation within the sex trade require multifaceted approaches involving a variety of actors. Recovery efforts must simultaneously address the physical, psychological, behavioral, social, and economic issues encountered by these individuals. Moreover, successful recovery must include service coordination by governments, international organizations, NGOs, local agencies, surrounding communities, and families.
Shelters & Drop-in Centres
Many women and children recovering from the sex trade require temporary housing. Such individuals were more than likely trafď€ cked into the sex trade and are unable to return to their communities due to distance, danger from criminal networks, or community rejection. Recovering sex slaves may also require extensive psychological counselling and long term care (Chatterjee et al, 2006; Crawford and Kaufman, 2008). Other women and children entered the sex trade near their own homes and therefore require local facilities in which they can access services. Some of these individuals mayalso remain active in the industry and seek services to improve their experiences such as condom distribution, safe-sex training, health clinics, sleeping and bathing facilities, childcare, and security (Jayasree, 2004). Because of the extensive psychological and behavioural effects arising from involvement in the sex trade, counselling services are imperative. Recovery centre should be able to employ staff counsellors of their own or at least partner with private care facilities and public social workers in order to offer counselling services. Individuals participating in counselling are better able to identify with someone who has undergone similar experiences or suffered similar ethnic or cultural discrimination. Additionally, group therapy sessions and family integration should also be encouraged in counselling programs (Chatterjee et al, 2006). Overall, counselling services should be developed to accommodate each individual as appropriate.
MEDICAL CARE
Most shelters or drop�in centers are only capable of providing basic health services such as nutrition, hygiene, and primary care. Similar to counselling services, medical care should be provided largely by owned or public healthcare providers. Doctors or nurses should furnish continuos monitoring of survivor or individuals must be taken to clinics or hospitals
The incorporation of women and children into the sex trade is often attributed to a lack of educational and economic opportunities. Thus, education and employment play a large role in their rehabilitation and reintegration. Because each community has unique cultures and industries, education and employment training must be locally applicable. For example, an organization in Nepal focuses on providing education and skills such as driving, hotel cooking, community heath, and micro credit opportunities (Crawford and Kaufman, 2008).The NGO also provides loans to support small businesses such as a stationery shop and a grocery shop (Shakti Samuha, 2007). Because many women and children were often denied access to school and educational opportunities, it is important for them to learn to read and write. Rehabilitation centres seek to provide literacy programs. While the rehabilitation and reintegration process depend on a variety of services, developing increased selfesteem and a sense of empowerment among recovering women is perceived as the most important element for recovery from violence and exploitation. Empowerment programs often include leadership training, education, employment skills, and legal support (Crawford and Kaufman, 2008). Ultimately, shelters and drop‐in centers for individuals recovering from involvement in the sex trade seek to reintegrate their clients into society, preferably in their home communities. However, reintegration is often one of the greatest challenges for individuals because of the stigma attached to the sex trade regardless of how they were involved. Without the support of their families or the possibility of marriage, many women and children require marketable skills to be self-sufcient, a large challenge in economically poor areas. Nonetheless, despite the difculties inherent in reintegration, many NGOs report that successful strategies include family visits during rehabilitation, gradual reintroduction into the community, job training, and seed money to establish a selfsufcient livelihood (Chatterjee et al, 2006; Crawford and Kaufman, 2008). Most aid organizations advocate that the recovery process not end once reintegration into society has been achieved. Women and children recovering from the sex trade need consistent and reliable access to counselling, medical care, and training. Most importantly, they continuously need to feel empowered in order to confront the many obstacles they will encounter. In other words, the rehabilitation process should continue far into the future and potentially may never end.
Module development
STEP 4 : ESTABLISHING PERIMETER
PRERNA CENTER [SITE A] NGO BASED IN TURBHE RED LIGHT AREA PROPOSAL : OUT-REACH CENTER FOR COMMERCIAL SEX WORKER
TURBHE RAILWAY STATION
TURBHE RED LIGHT AREA MIDC INDUSTRIAL ESTATE THANE - BELAPUR ROAD
NAUNIHAL GIRLS SHELTER NGO PRERNA’S GIRLS SHELTER
SEAWOOD RAILWAY STATION KARAVE -SEAWOOD [SITE B] RAILWAY
PROPOSAL : REHAB FOR VHT, CHILDREN OF SEX WORKER NERUL,SECTOR 26,30,36,38 PALM BEACH ROAD ROAD
BUS ROUTE
PANVEL RAILWAY STATION
Primary cause of prostitution is money. a sex worker can choose to leave prostitution only if her nances are met. So vocational courses offered should be classied according to user group
AGE < 30 > 30
16000
7000 20000
14000
14000
AVERAGE MONTHLY INCOME COMMERCIALLY EXPLOITED SEX WORKER
12000
10000
9000
Commercially exploited sex worker:utilizing her 3-5 hours of day time
8000
8000
7000
jewellery 5000
6000
6000
6000
6000
5000
4000
Ex-Sex Worker & victim of Human Trafcking :Professional courses generating similar income to that of an active sex worker Children of sex worker > 14 :Certicate/Diploma courses
mean monthly income
STEP 5 : PROGRAM ECONOMICS
2000
jewellery food making preservation
block printing handicraft tailoring
hospitality nurse
food stall
ward asistant
source : WIT center; panvel
STEP 6 : SITE INFERENCES AND OPPORTUNITIES SITE A : INDIRA NAGAR SLUM,TURBHE
AREA OF 1200 SQ.M.
SITE B : KARAVE GAOTHAN,SEAWOODS
AREA OF 31,500 SQ.M.
OBSERVATION INFERENCES
OBSERVATION
INFERENCES
Close proximity of the red light area
Ideal for Out-Reach program
In close proximity of a gaothan.
Develop programs in order to mingle users with goathan.
Site is a existing Prerna centre
Easily accessible, Trust able
Enclosed on all sides by 10ft high wall
Opportunity to develop spaces segregation based on vulnerability
Close to railway station.
Nearby workshops & cattle shed
SITE
Easy to Commute to urban centre. Naunihal girls shelter within 5-6 km reach.
In-sourcing users for skill development.
Evening market street on east
Develop public relation/exhibit zone & program
Crematorium on south
Develop morgue for deceased users.
Govt. building on north
Generates safe due to existing security
Probable day time job.
Module development
STEP 7 : CASE STUDY : RESCUE FOUNDATION. Rescue Foundation is a non government short stay house, organization (NGO) based in Mumbai, India. It is kandivali. recognized by the government under sec 21 of the immoral trafc (prevention) Act of 1956. The site area : 1500 sq.m. main goals of the organization are combatting occupancy human trafcking of girls and children. AGE - GROUP
location
rehabilitation centre, boisar. site area : occupancy
65 acres.
AGE - GROUP
5% 35%
60% 10-18
program and function
18-30
30 and above
program and function
10-18
18-30
30 and above
Ÿ Girls in Boisar home stays for
longer period > 3 months. Ÿ Boisar home is much preferred by
Ÿ
user group : VICTIM OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING distance from red light area
Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ
the girls because of its open & green atmosphere. VOCATIONAL TRAINING • Jewelry making • Tailoring • Computer training • Beauty courses • Painting • Dancing & Theatricals AGRO-BASED TRAINING Provides Formal EDUCATION FROM STANDARD 1ST - 10TH. HEALTH /RECOVERY CARE CENTER NURSING COURSE
STEP 7 : CASE STUDY : NAVJEEVAN CENTRE. The Navjeevan Centre is an N G O initiated in out-reach centre, 1994 with the aim of reaching out to kamathipura. Commercially Sexually exploited women and their children, to motivate and support them to site area : 400 sq.m. give up their demeaning occupation and work occupancy towards integrating them into society.
rehabilitation centre, murbad. site area : occupancy
100 acres.
AGE - GROUP
location
program and function
program and function
Ÿ O U T - R E A C H
Ÿ
NETWORKING by Social Worker Ÿ Ÿ COUNSELLING of
parent & child
user group : CHILDREN OF SEX WORKER distance from red light area
Ÿ Ÿ NIGHT SHELTER Ÿ CRECHE / DAY
Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ
CARE CENTRE Ÿ Ÿ TUTORING Ÿ H E A L T H
AND
NUTRITION Ÿ ENTERTAINMENT (TV
room)
Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ
5-12
12-18
18-25
Centre’s primary focus is to help and transform the future generation hence ADOPTS CHILDREN Association with MARTHOMA CHURCH 296 students in Navjyoti school gets Formal Education upto SSC. Provision for further education on merit student VOCATIONAL TRAINING • Electrician & Electronics foreman • Welding and Fabrication • I.T. & Computer training • Fashion Designing & Handicraft • Beautician courses • Tailoring Health /Recovery Care center Nursing course Extension homes to support reintegration
STEP 8 : PROGRAM PARAMETER
Module development
OUT-REACH CENTRE
Design Development
© www.tehelka.com
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
TRANSLATING CONCEPT STEP 1: ZONING planning a rehabilitation centre for sex worker have baggage constraint based on its vulnerability and purpose. It is important to note that notion complete isolation employs zero social integration whereas, complete openness in planning amply security concerns hence sequential planning based on social involvement is necessary. Market is designed not only to sale products of hunarshala but also exhibits activities of later through perforation among spaces hence gives a scope to develop trust and honour among neighbours so as to de-stigmatize the centre.
In illustration pink is for private zone (health care and residential),blue is for semi-public zone (hunarshala, administration and school) and green is for public zone (market)
STEP 2: MASSING & SEQUENTIAL MOVEMENT
POROSITY to sky, to L A Y E R I N G b e t w e e n bring in elements of z o n e s b a s e d o n nature, light and wind. vulnerability to sky, progression of spaces.
LEVELS to bring in visual interplay between terraces and courts, creating Humane scales.
illustration shows massing concepts in the school building of the rehabilitation centre
DESIGN SOLUTION
ENTRY
MASTER PLAN
H
B
H
D I
road 18 m
road 18 m
E
H
C
G
A
F
A
H
A- admin & legal cell B- health care C- primary school
road 18 m
ENTRY
ADMINISTRATION and health care centre
PRIMARY SCHOOL
HUNNARSHALA
RESIDENTIAL
massing of residential units A- residential unit B- activity otla
C- play pud D-administration
A A
A B
A
A
A en try
A
C
D
view of residential units
a a
road 18 m
a d e
I f
b
mess
G
c
planning of residential units a- bedroom for 3 b- kitchen &cleaning room c- care takerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s room
en
try
d- toilet & bathroom e- entertainment f- courtyard
view from passage
Conclusion
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION The sex trade is a multi billion dollar industry sustained by consistent demand for sexual services provided by countless women and children suffering from poverty, gender and ethnic discrimination, and social, political and economic instability. It is unclear how many women and children are involved in the sex trade. However, it is clear that sex slaves and sex workers frequently endure violence and exploitation by their clients, employers, pimps, police, and families. Rehabilitation and reintegration programs address the physical, psychological, behavioural, social, and economic issues encountered by these individuals. All survivors require a central location for support, counselling, education and skills training, medical services, and a supportive community. Programs are best implemented by organizations operating in the same precinct as sex slaves and sex workers in order to ensure cultural sensitivity. However, with reliance on numerous external resources, successful recovery programs must also assure service coordination by governments, international organizations, other NGOs, local agencies, surrounding communities, and families. The rehabilitation and reintegration of women and children recovering from the sex trade is a long and challenging process. Many women and children rely on assistance to escape and recover from the violence and exploitation they have endured. However, despite their abusive experiences, some women and children view the sex trade as the only means of survival for themselves and their families. Therefore, while the rehabilitation and reintegration of sex slaves and sex workers is imperative, governments, international organizations, and NGOs must also continue to eradicate the violent and exploitive nature of the sex trade itself.
CONCLUSION Kochi, Tapasi, Suchitra, Puja, Manik, Shanti, Avijit and Gour were a bunch of bright-eyed tweens, frolicking around in the neighborhood lanes, ying kites, pulling each other's legs. When New York-based photojournalist Zana Briski entered their lives, camera in hand, she was greeted with their eager eyes and innocent charm. But there was no ignoring the plea for help that resonated off each of these kids.
Avijit, with his infectious dimpled smile and twinkling eyes was easily the most talented of the lot. With an innate air for photography and art, he was slowly spiralling into depression after his mother's sudden demise. His trip to Amsterdam to participate in the World Press Photo Foundation as a child jury uplifted him, and motivated him to join school following Zana's relentless efforts. Schools in the area vehemently refused to admit any of these kids and the fact that the possibility of them being carriers of the HIV virus was a factor that made it even more difcult to get them enrolled. Tests were carried out and having tested negative, the kids were eventually sent to boarding schools. The documentary-makers subsequently set up a charity, Kids With Cameras, to help the kids with their education. Photography exhibitions were held in Kolkata and New York and an auction in Sotheby's raised funds.
Avijit went on to study lmmaking at New York University, and is now set to make his Hollywood debut as an assistant director.