STUDIO: AIR
ARCHITECTURAL JOURNAL
Semster 1, 2014
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 6-13 14-23 24-33 34 35 36-37 38-39
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Self-introduction Part A.1 Design Futuring Part A.2 Design Computation Part A.3 Composition/Generation Part A.4 Conclusion Part A.5 Learning Outcomes Part A.6 Appendix Part A Reference
‘About ME’ My name is Zhiheng Yang, come from Shanghai, China. I have been studing in Melbourne for four years. Eventually, this is my third year of university study. I did not know much of architecture until I choosed the major of architecture in Melbourne University. I had dreamed to be a teacher or a n excellent cook. However, my dream is to be an outstanding architect now. To be honest, I am not interested in architecture at all at first. However, after finished the first design by myself, I found it produces people senses of achievement. This is really encourging me for the further studies. I hope I can design my own house in the near future. I went back China last hoilday and found an internship work in an Chinese architectural design company. It is totally different ‘worlf ’ compare to the study in Australia. Most of my collegue does not use Rhino. Indeed, it will be a very good opportunity to learn
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I have learned some of the software from the subject called visual communication in the second year. It includes Photoshop, AutoCad and InDesign. Nevertheless, I am not quite familiar with using Rhino. I know it will be a tough task for me to learn how to use grasshopper well. This semester will be the most difficult one for me, i will try my best to learn and finish every task step by step. I always believe that no pains, no gains. People can learn much more after they meet many difficulties.
PART A CONCEPTUALISATION
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A01 Design Futuring
“Collectively, across all our difference, we human beings have reached a critical moment in our existence. It has always been recognized that individuals, communities, races and even nations can be fated or made to disappear but we are now at a point when it can no longer be assumed that we, en masse, have a future.”_ Tony Fry
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Sustainability is nowadays become significant in every area of our life. Design futuring systematically presents ideas and methods for design as an expanded ethical and professional practice. According to Fry (2008), to against the condition of unsustainability, kinds of technologies have created. The material limitation issue can cause serious problems. Therefore, design futuring is trying to save the use of resource which is not renewable for our future generations. ‘Sustain-ability aims suggest a more materially grounded objective and agency”.(1) Frank Gehry’s work may become the example which does not achieve the purpose of sustainability in design. The vast of materials are used in building this concert hall. The use of material is not efficient compare to many other new buildings. In the future discuss, Frank Gehry’s project will be further discussed. Indeed, as the spread of design futuring ideas, people begin to understand the importance of it. The new design theory is needed to able to deal with human beings making ever greater demands on the environments of their dependence. ‘Design intelligence’ need to be developed.(2)
Sustainability may include local, national and globe in considering the effects of it. For designing a building, it is the same. To consider whether it is resource use efficiency is for globe awareness of the short of resource. However, locally, what does this building contribute to the site and their inhabitants are also another aspect to consider it as sustainable. For example, a building uses certain technique to minimize the use of material, however, seldom people use it and it contribute little to its site. It will still be described as unsustainable. Therefore, the design futuring capability is qualified from four perspectives: the self, community, culture and ethics.(3)
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Parametric design can be the new technology to achieve the purpose of sustainability. It is hard for human beings to create new renewable resource and materials. The use of parametric design can at least help designer with saving the cost of materials, because people can calculate exactly amounts of materials they are going to use by using computer. In addition, parametric design also provides more possibilities on designing practice. The more possibilities on design lead to more innovative ideas of the designer. Indeed, parametric design is a new method to meet the needs of design futuring theory. The ideas of design futuring provide people different theory of architecture. The following two precedents will explain the ideas of design futuring through the observations and analysis of them.
A01 Design Futuring
A01 Precedent : Eco-Sustainable Housing Federico Rossi
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This project focuses on the development of new housing typology in Oman, generated through the accumulation of independent variables into a system of relationships, where the interdependencies generate a variation of possibilities that is able to adapt to local conditions.
The idea of improving the light conditions and creating different micro climate areas inside the unit was solved with the use of local materials (limestone) and simple manufacturing techniques. Cutting the stone in different sizes that respond to the variation of solar radiation along a surface is possible thanks to The development of inhabitable units will be complex geometries, such as the arch. dependent on environmental variables and eco-sustainable principles to achieve new To make it more sustainable, the control spatial and per formative configurations. of form based on the internal pressure, wind velocity and light conditions. It Through the control of the width, length, makes this building contibute to the site and thickness of the surface it is possible to surroundings and inhabitants. (Show in create a responsive inhabitable unit that the image 4) increases the wall thickness in high temperatures and deforms the rhomboid framework according to internal pressure and wind velocity. 8
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To create a two bedroom unit only eight cubic meters of limestone are necessary; the waste cut will be used to create mixed concrete for the foundation. This shows how parametric design help with calculating the exact amount of material use in the design. The designer will not waste the material which is very sustainable. In my opinion, this design will continue to be appreciated because of the reasonable design methods and each reason for how it formed. There is no one can argue with the outcomes from correct data. To design a building more sustainable, this is a good example by using parametric design methods. Image 4
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A01 Design Futuring A01 Precedent : Music Pavilion For Salzburg Biennale By Soma 2011
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A01 Design Futuring
A01 Precedent : Music Pavilion For Salzburg Biennale By Soma 2011 This project is a temporary music pavilion for the Salzburg Biennale by Soma in Austria. To evolve the structure, a parametric model was built in grasshopper which allows a multiplicity of solutions. Each variation ensures by its definition the first aesthetical criteria. Because of the using of new methods in designing, this building is sustainable on material use. Design futuring closely relates to parametric design.
This is quite similar to the precedent 1: Eco-Sustainable Housing project. They both follow the light conditions to control the form of the design. From the research of this design, it used the tool called Karamba. Karamba allows the assembly and calculation of parametric spatial framework structures inside of Grasshopper. This way a decisive criterion for the performance is obtained: the maximum deflection of Based on rule and variation, a theme that is each individual. Karamba was combined inherent to both architecture and music, the with a genetic algorithm to extensively structure features simple repetitious elements search the solution space. that provoke curiosity and entices visitors to enter a mass of single sticks merge into a singular, permeable structure that changes in its appearance throughout the day, according to the different light conditions.(See the Image 10)
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Image 7
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Furthermore, as the image 6 shows, the form of the surface actually controls the view from outside, the arrangement of the structure provide different views from distance. This is also because of the parametric design use. Image 7 shows the joints in the building which also can be designed in grasshopper to make it easier for fabrications. This also calculated the exact amounts of materials would be used, which is very sustainable and meets with design futuring ideas. This design has the distribution to its inhabitants and site which is holding a musical festival. As a music pavilion, it follows its original purpose indeed. This is a good example show the ideas of design futuring by using parametric design techniques. 13
Image 10
A02 Design Computation Computation/Computerisation The use of new technologies became common in the architectural world, especially in recent years. There are many new software were developed to enable the architects design building by using an easier way than traditional ways. The digital architecture can be defined as the application of digital media in any phase of design concept and development in architecture. It is obviously that using computer programs has many advantages in architectural processes. It is more accuracy and time efficiency. Those design work can be easily done in the software by using automating ability of it. The digital architecture programs provide greater flexibility in terms of modifying and experimenting with designs. Computation is a design method which refined the practice of architecture. It is information gathering with calculation by technical machines such as computer. However, different from ‘computerisation’, computation extends the architects’ abilities more on dealing with complex issues. The term ‘computerisation’ or ‘computering’ only means people use software to achieve the design they have had already. For example, computer is the tool for them to edit, copy and increasing the precision of drawings.(4) 14
According to Kalay, computation is logical and it will not make mistakes. For example, if an architect wants to design the opening of the building, the statistics of sunlight, the control of views and the wind direction can be input to the software to create a certain shape of opening.(5) To achieve this, algorithm is very necessary. An algorithm is a recipe, method, or technique for doing something.(6) The designers generate and explore the architectural spaces and concepts through the writing and modifying of algorithms. Because there is always a reason to do the design by using computation, people can not doubt the reason why architect do this. This helps computation with making no mistakes. In addition, according to Peters, ‘the development of computational simulation tools can create more responsive designs’.(7) This provides more design options to the architects to analyze architectural decisions. Indeed, computation is the logic of architecture and creates a new environment for architects. It helps with building the most of largest projects in the world now. Computation is leading
However, computation also has some disadvantages. Computation may limit people’s creation by using the same digital programs. It may also stop the development of hand drawing skills of architects. Moreover, the software is still developing, so there are limitations to achieve all what architects want. Therefore, although there are some limitations of computation, it is still developing with this era. Computation will bring totally different aesthetic value to people and make the design fit the culture and surrounding environment better.
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“A computational design tool was developed based on synchronous physical and computational studies and the related encoding of material characteristics and system behavior.� (Menges, 2012)
A02 Design Computation
Computerisation A02 Precedent : Guggenheim Museum Bilbao Frank Gehry
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A02 Design Computation
Computerisation A02 Precedent : Guggenheim Museum Bilbao Frank Gehry The museum is set on the edge of the Nervión River in Bilbao, Spain. It is a fusion of complex, swirling forms and captivating materiality that responds to an intricate program and an industrial urban context. In fact, the phenomenon of a city’s transformation following the construction of a significant piece of architecture is now referred to as the “Bilbao Effect.” Twenty years on, the Museum continues to challenge assumptions about the connections between art and architecture today.
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However, the museum was design 20 years ago. The parametric design did not developed from that period. Gehry uses a 3D design software called CATIA, which allows for complex designs and calculations that would not have been possible a few years age. Nevertheless, the calculation of the model is only the numbers not algorithm. For example, the CATIA calculates the number of bars required in each location and the titanium coating on the surface. (Image13) In addition, it is also not quite material efficiency in this design. The software only digitizes points on the edges, surfaces, and intersections of Gehry’s hand-built (image 12) models to construct on-screen models that can then be manipulated in the manner of animated cartoons. As it mentioned before, this building begin to use computer to help with designing, which is a very good start. But it is computerization rather than computation, it only use computer to achieve the final model which architect had already designed on the paper. To compare with the 20 years ago project, a newer building using computational methods are necessary to be discussed.
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A02 Design Computation Computation A02 Precedent : The Museo Soumaya Fernando Romero
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A02 Design Computation Computation A02 Precedent : The Museo Soumaya Fernando Romero The Museo Soumaya is a private museum in Mexico City with free admission. It is owned by the Carlos Slim Foundation and contains the extensive art, religious relics, historical documents, and coin collection of Carlos Slim and his late wife Soumaya, after whom the museum was named. The Museo Soumaya was conceived as a sculptural building with the diversity of its collection reflected in the diversity of the plans - each level has its own dimension. Spread over six levels the 60,000 ft2 structure is constructed with 28 steel distinct curved columns, connected by diagonal rings giving the isometric figure.
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The Soumaya Museum’s complex geometry and sculptural shape results from the integration of 28 unique curved steel columns of varying size and shape into the building shell. The museum uses computation method to achieve its form. This is totally different from the previous example. The form of the design can not been discovered before the computer driving the designer to the final form. Therefore, the form of Soumaya Museum has its specific reason why it looks like this. The concave part may reflect to the spacing of interiors. As the image 15 shows, the solid circle cited as custom. They have their own reason why each panel of the surface care differ from sizes. This computation design is very material efficiency, because the computer would calculate the exact amounts of materials and minimize the waste of resources.
Image 15
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A03 Composition/Generation Compositional design is the composition of components and elements of a design as it literally says. Compare to this, generative design is defined as the practice of design and it allows for complexity within design because of the extended analytical abilities in use of computers. Therefore, the generative design will has much more potential to provide possibilities than compositional design. Compositional design has a very direct relationship between the architect and his design. The designer would have his design intention first which differ from generative design. Through using generative design, the production of form is defined by the modification of the certain rules. This means the final form is not simply set by the designer by compositing different components to achieve what they required. (8)
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To enable the generative design, it is necessary to use algorithmic and computational techniques. As it discussed in previous part, the computational methods are driving people to a new era. The design becomes the thinking of architectural through the logic of the algorithm. The Recognition and engagement with computational processes shift the possibility of design. Moreover, generative design can process with a greater level of accuracy than compositional methods.(9) However, there are also limitations of generative design. If people do not have the knowledge of computational methods, it would be useless. The understanding of every result which people generates is significant. Algorithm methods produce a result by generate by coding to help with understanding algorithm thinking.
The architectural world was largely divided by the appearance of generative design. The shift from compositional design to generative design leads the way for design innovations by using computation methods. Therefore, the generative design enables to produce the ‘unknown� and the development of complex solutions to design paradigms. Parametric modelling enables learners to think and create in three dimensions with sophisticated design software typically used by manufacturers. Integrating it into technological subjects will inspire more students to become the innovators of tomorrow by choosing careers in product design, engineering and technology. The integration of parametric modelling into the technological subjects will give these subjects a great future and make them even more relevant to the needs of society. It will modernise these subjects and bring excitement, interest, and vibrancy to them and facilitate the realisation of their potential.
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A03 Composition/Generation A03 Precedent : Beijing National Stadium Herzog & de Meuron
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A03 Composition/Generation A03 Precedent : Beijing National Stadium Herzog & de Meuron Beijing National Stadium is located at north 4th ring of Beijing city, on the south part of the Beijing Olympic Green. It was designed by the Pritzer-Prize-winning Swiss architects Jacques Herzog and Piere de Meuron, with artist consultant Ai Weiwei. It is commonly known as the Bird’s Nest. To achieve the design of this stadium, architect can only use powerful software. Those kinds of huge designs need computation methods to solve the complex issues. Designers can quickly generate the initial form of a stadium within defined parameters such as geometric constraints, environmental criteria, and the limitations of construction materials. Having produced the initial concept, the architect can quickly explore and test options by adjusting variables such as the height of a row of seats through using computation. Therefore, to generate such complex design, computation is very necessary rather than composition. Composition is hard to create such innovative design and also let it be resource use efficiency.
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The Architects used their own specialist parametric modelling software to develop a bowl geometry optimised for Olympic athletics that would also work well for soccer in legacy mode. The team produced 33 versions of the design to fine-tune the form of the bowl. They decided that this landmark stadium should have the same distinctive external form in both Olympic and legacy modes, and so the temporary additional seating needed to be accommodated within the main envelope. The temporary seats, which are mainly to the rear of the top tier, have the least-favourable views and are located in zones that can be converted to other revenue- generating use in the legacy mode. From this, people can find how significant to use computation to generate the space of interiors. In addition, the outside surface has specific grid which determined by the interior space as well. (Image 17) Every grid size are designed by certain algorithm to achieve its own purpose. Indeed, generation is a good way by using computation to generate complex situations. In contrast, composition can not do such complex work as this.
A03 Composition/Generation A03 Precedent : Shanghai Tower Gensler
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A03 Composition/Generation A03 Precedent : Shanghai Tower Gensler Shanghai Tower is designed by Gensler in 2008 in the Pudong district of Shanghai, China. The building will be the most sustainable one among the high-rise building once it completes. The elegant structure spirals up to the sky, and once it is completed in 2014. It will become the second tallest tower in the world. The tower will take the form of nine cylindrical buildings stacked atop each other, enclosed by layers of glass, and hosting public space for visitors.(Image 19)
As a result, the taper and rotation of the tower was optimized to reduce wind loading on the building facade thereby reducing the amount of structure in the tower by 24%. This was a substantial savings in construction materials and costs. The material use efficiency and data from wind to shape the form can only achieve with computation methods here. It shows the importance of computation to generate such huge high-rise’s form.
As Gensler said, the dramatic twisting form of the Shanghai Tower was not just inspired but shaped through careful study of how wind forces will move around the tower. Iterative study was made possible only with advanced BIM systems to adjust and update the whole tower shape according to CFM (computational fluid modeling) and wind tunnel feedback.
The whole building is very complex, which requires more than one advanced software. Parametric 3D software programs should be used to visualize the complex geometries and reconcile them. The parametric modeling becomes important in designing this huge building. The design of spaces, structural connections shafts, ducts etc. must require the use of computation methods. In contrast, for such a huge and complex design, composition can never finish it with material use efficiency. Therefore, computation can generate the complex situation for architect to finish a huge work as Shanghai Tower. The new era of architecture is coming.
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A04 Conclusion After Part A Conceptualization, I have got more understanding on what computation and algorithm are. The first part of design futuring idea is actually let people be aware of the importance of sustainability. The design futuring ideas can help people with minimize the use of unrenewable resources and provide ‘design intelligence’. However, to achieve the ideas of design futuring, computation is the best way in doing this nowadays. Computation can provide much more possibilities and has very excellent ability to deal with complex issues. This new design method can bring more innovative thinking by using algorithm. Algorithm is such as a recipe which drives the designer to his final form of design. To generate the complex situations, computation is the better way rather than computerization or composition. The data such as sunlight, wind and interior pressure can be the consideration data to create our design. From using algorithm, the design will be always has a reason to performed in a certain form. Therefore, other people can not doubt what you have designed within using computation methods.
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Our tutorial has discussed the part B material system. Our group intended to choose patterning for our case study. We hope to use specific algorithm to minimize the use of material and produce an energy efficiency design. Thus, in the future studies, our group will consider more on limited resource and energy through our designing.
A05 Learning Outcomes From the study of Rhnio and grasshopper, I found it becomes increasingly interesting. Especially the understanding of data tree is very significant for us to find out the mistakes and understand what the components exactly do for. Different from the previous software, grasshopper really provides much more possibilities and innovative ideas to us. I begin to know the difference between computation and computerization. The traditional way such as composition has some limitations and disadvantages compare to generational design. We used to only use computer as a tool which computerize my design. Through using grasshopper, there are some unimaginary forms can be created. This encourages me to learn more of this software. However, sometimes, problems and difficulties happen to us. The only thing we need to do is to tackle them. In the future studies, grasshopper will become very significant to present our intentions and ideas of the project. The arrangement of space, patterning of surface can be designed through the using of grasshopper.
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A06 Appendix-Algorithmic Sketches From using the grasshopper, I found it become interesting with using different algorithmic to create amazing forms. Following the video tutorial, the tasks are become tougher. This is the week 3 task which tries to provide the grids through connecting the points on three surfaces. The example mode is the shell grid one. We change the order of the points which lead to a new connection of each point on each circle. After follow the work as the video tutorial did, I use other tools to change the grids between those points and add pipe onto the lines. Although the last two outcomes are a bit massy, but it prove the ability of grasshopper to deal with complexity. I will focus on the patterning more, because I found it is interesting to create the pattern onto the surface. In the following weeks, I will develop my skill and try to provide excellent design by using this computation method.
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Part A Reference: Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 1–16 Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), pp. 1–10 Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25 Issa, Rajaa ‘Essential Mathematics for Computational Design’, Second Edition, Robert McNeel and associates, pp 1 - 42 Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15 Definition of ‘Algorithm’ in Wilson, Robert A. and Frank C. Keil, eds (1999). The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (London: MIT Press), pp. 11, 12
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Part A Image Reference: Source From: http://www.evolo.us/architecture/eco-sustainable-housing-parametric-design/ http://www.designboom.com/architecture/soma-music-pavilion-salzburg-biennale2011-complete/ http://www.hdwallpapers.in/walls/guggenheim_museum_bilbao_spain-wide.jpg http://www.archdaily.com/422470/ad-classics-the-guggenheim-museum-bilbao-frankgehry/ http://www.scoop.it/t/parametric-design-efforts/p/4005011160/2013/07/22/museo-soumaya-facade-design-to-fabrication http://www.archdaily.com/452226/museo-soumaya-fr-ee-fernando-romero-enterprise/ http://www.archdaily.com/452226/museo-soumaya-fr-ee-fernando-romero-enterprise/
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PART B CRITERIA DESIGN
B01 Research Field Strip & Folding
After the research of those precedents in Part A, The computational design allows people to have complex ways and techniques to create and treat the outcomes of design. Therefore, the study of the techniques will be very significant to understand the computational design. Our group decides to choose one most interesting material system to do some further research on it. In addition, to follow the brief of LAGI, it is necessary to choose a most suitable material system to achieve the purpose of generating energy for our project design. Strip & Folding is the material system which our group chooses from the list. Through the look of the examples provided of the list, strip & folding’s example provides extremely nice form which attract us at the first glance. In the design of the project, the computational technique of strips creates the structure or specific form through the connection of a multiplicity of strip pieces. The combination of a vast number of strips can create consistent forms.
However, the technique of folding allows accidental and unknown end-results for a relatively long period of the design process. The enormous numbers of possibilities makes a choice necessary. Furthermore, folding is more important for the development of techniques to create new architecture than for the development of an individual architectonic form. (1) Folding produces a language of architecture which speaks out and determines the quality of design. (2). Indeed, the strip & folding can help us with learning techniques and create much more possibilities of our design. There are some good precedents which using strip & folding in their designs, which includes Paper space, Folding Bamboo House and Mobius Strip Building.
B01 Research Field Strip & Folding Precedent 01:Paper Space Maria Fulford
B01 Research Field Strip & Folding Precedent 02:Mobius Strip Building Joe McGreen
B01 Research Field Strip & Folding Paper Space Mobius Strip Building The first precedent is called Paper Space which done by the Studio Glowacka and Maria Fulford Architects. They use 1500 meters of undulating paper strips to create a pavilion. They draped streams of white paper over a square frame to create a temporary ceiling for the Paper Space auditorium.(3) The second precedent is the Mobius Strip Building which done by Joe McGreen. It provides a unique and eye-catching form. It is a villa which built in the middle of forest. Through the observation of those two projects, it can be found that they use totally different materials. Because of the choice of material, they create different feelings to people. In my opinion, they are both good examples which show how strip design look like. It is significant for the further development of our own project.
B02 Case Study 1.0 Strip & Folding Biothing - Seroussi Pavilion
B02 Case Study 1.0 Strip & Folding Biothing - Seroussi Pavilion
Selection Criteria -Aesthetically nice form -Easy or possible in further fabrication -Show the main properties of strip & folding -Close to the brief of our project
The reason why I choose these four outcomes is mainly according to the criteria I set before. Firstly, all of them have nice form which is eye-catching at the first glance. The appearance of the forms is significant for a project. After the selections of nice forms, it is necessary to choose some forms which can be built in the real life. The structure can show whether they are easier to be built or not.
In addition, because this is the matrix from a strip & folding project, the property can not be changed. The four chosen outcomes all meet the requirement of this. Last but not least, for the further development, the brief of Lagi also can be concerned in choosing these outcomes. They should be necessary and good for regenerating energy. This is our first try of making more possibilities and doing iterations. The geometry that we created encouraged us for our further study.
B03 Case Study 2.0 FLUX: Architecture in a Parametric Landscape by CCA Architecture/MEDIAlab 2008-2009 California College of the Arts, San Francisco
B03 Case Study 2.0 1. Determine section shape Firstly sketch a section curve according to the shape of Flux. The shape can determined the following form of the whole project.
2. Find the central line for rotation Find a central point of the curve by using ‘Area’. Then, generate a central line as the rotation center later. the basic form of Flux is to use moving multiple section shape along with X-axis.
3. Extend curve and rotation The basic form of Flux is formed after the extending of the curves. We use 3D rotation to do the second step of rotation. In addition, we apply the Grapy Mapper in the ‘Rotate 3D’ script to ensure the correct shape as Flux. After that, the twisting form can be discovered.
4. Scale two sized rotate curve Because the boundary surface of the Flux has two parts, including the rigid structure and another one inside the surface lofted among the surface.
5. Extrude created boundary and cap holes in the boundary This step can ensure the faces are scaled in same direction for the surface lofted between the structure. Furthermore, the structure part is scaled as well. Planar command is used to ensure the same direction again. Extrude, Then, holes will capped the brep.
6. Join two boundaries Finally, join these two boundaries together to create the final shape of the Flux
FLU
UX
B04 Technique: Development
Rotation center- By changing the central grid line to create new central of rotation to form new itera
ations
Dimension- By changing the linear curve graph mapper to form different geometry such as smaller b
base with large open on the top
Rotate angle- By applying different graph mapper to change the rotation form of the geometry
Base surface- By changing the base surface to effect the change of central point and shape of the boun
ndary to form new iterations
Solid- By using different 3D shape such as cone, box and cylinder to form new iterations
B04 Technique: Development This is the final iteration we choose from the 50 matrix. There are several reasons why we choose this form for our project. Our group did some research on the site, brief, energy regenerating etc before we did the iterations. The first reason why we choose this form is because of the tube shapes, which can produce the sounds we pursue in our project. In addition, it is also a aesthetically nice form. From the brief of LAGI, generating energy is quite significant in our project. Therefore, we were highly concerned on the self rotation of the form from the wind to produce some renewable energy. These concepts will be further discuss in following part of my journal.
B05 Technique: Prototype
B05 Technique: Prototype Joints & Materials
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Our group totally made three kinds of joints for the prototype. The first one is the most normal joint which use the smooth surface of metal to connect with the components. The area they touch together is the biggest among the three joints, so, the fiction of it also will be the biggest. The second joint is to using self-rotate rolls connect with components. It can reduce the fiction and help with the rotation very much. The last one use beads to reduce the fiction. It has many advantages. Through the testing of these three joints, the third one has the best performance, which is a good try of joint which may use in the final project.
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B05 Technique: Prototype Joints & Materials
1. PVC as the material. Square section of the pipe.
2. Steal as the material. C
Circle section of the pipe
3. PVC as the material. Circle section of the pipe
Joint 01 + Component 02
Joint 02 + Component 02
Joint 03 + Component 02
Joints Drawings
Rzeppa-Type CV Joint
Self-Rotate Internal Joint
B06 Technique: Proposal
Project Research Regenerating Engery Method Site Analysis
MATERIAL TUBES
TOWER
Composites:
STEEL:
• Such as glass reinforced plastic, wood-epoxy or injection molded plastic with carbon fibers
• Cheap, stiff and strong
• lightweight and high stiffness, hence composites
• must also withstand
• Reducing the weight of
and loading resulting from
the tubes = reduce the
tube rotation
loads on the tower and foundations.
enough to support the weight of the tubes.
fluctuating wind loading
The left top image shows how far the site which we collecting data from to the proposal site. The two red locations shows the distance. The bottom image shows the average wind speed in Copenhagen. It shows a higher wind speed than many other area,which means the wind energy is a good choice to be used in this site. T he following page will provide the wind rose in our site. It can determine how we locate our design and which direction should our design face to. the research on the wind and material can help our group with thinking further of our poject and let it become more convinced.
B06 Technique: Proposal
Regenerating Engery Method
VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE (VAWT) Compare to Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines, VAWT: • have lower cut-in speeds than horizontal axis wind turbines • can be positioned lower to the ground than can HAWTs • can be located in closer proximity to each other
B06 Technique: Proposal Site Analysis
B06 Technique: Proposal Form Development
The two main concepts of our design include making sounds from the tube and self-rotate of each layer to produce energy from wind power. Beside these, we also want to apply some interesting method to determine our form of design. Our group found the sound wave’s data can be collected by using parametric software. It determines the length of a certain part of itself. This would be a new way to make our shape of design more reasonable. From the material research, site analysis. We found it is better to put more than one of our design on the site. It will create more energy and become more efficient.
B07 Learning Objectives and outcomes
Mid-term Feedbacks
1. The first question is about the sound. They doubt whether the sound will be noise or not in the real site. Therefore, they suggested us to give up the idea of making sound. We will concern this issue in following process. If the sound problem can not be solved, we will consider to focus on other concept of our design.
4. The guests suggest us to put some layers together to get more surface to receive the wind, which can make it rotate become more efficient. To up-sized the surface, there are multiple ways to do that. For example, we can make a twist shape to create more surface.
2. The guest also asked us about the human interaction, which means how people can involve in this site. We were thinking to use sound to attract people’s concern. If the sound is not work, we may use other ways to provide the human interaction in our design.
5. The sound wave to make a specific also needs to be discussed and do some research further. Which kind of music are we going to use? Why so specific this music?
3. The main question is about the wind power and directions. Will the model rotate in the real life? This is the main issue we need to figure out in following weeks. An 1:1 model and more research data support can solve this question
6. The prototype for the final presentation need to be a larger scale and show details of the joints. The bigger scale can prove it will work in the real life. Therefore, it is significant to improve our prototype in following weeks.
B07 Learning Objectives and outcomes
Learning Objectives
Through the study until now, I learned a lot from the air studio both in computational concepts, techniques or other skills required during the process of each design. My foundational understandings of computational geometry have developed. To achieve to do this project, many different programs are necessary to be used including Rhino, grasshopper, photoshop, indesign, illustrate etc. The process of learning these software can help me with understanding more about computational design and how important parametric design is. We have plenty of things to learn in designing our own project. In addition, from the case study 2.0, we begin to know how to develop our personal repertoire of computational techniques and use those techniques to do our project following with our ideas. Furthermore, the matrix part taught us how many possibilities can be produced by using computational technique. It helps us with doing more iterations and maximum the choice of our design. The better solution and design can be found in those possibilities.
Moreover, our ability of making a case for proposals also increased. Site analysis and research on related fields are the basic start to do every design. It is very important for the starting point of a design. It also can determine the ideas and concepts of one design. Last but not least, our skills on making model and prototype also become better. To make a good prototype, various materials, joints and possibilities should be tested in a certain reason. We can not do a prototype which not quite relate to our own design. The purpose to do prototype is to test the things that you believe at first of your project. Indeed, we really learn a lot from this subject. And, we hope we can do better in the final presentation.
B08 Appendix - Algorithmic Sketches
Part B Reference: Image, http://cwwang.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/img_0211.jpg Image, http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WUe201icDl0/T3IEahQkueI/AAAAAAAAAhI/UCg2pdMzDcc/s1600/MH_Mobius-band.jpg Image, http://www.evolo.us/architecture/final-act-of-computational-design-biothings-research-on-different-degrees-of-cohabitation/ Paper Space, http://www.dezeen.com/2013/09/20/paper-space-by-studio-glowacka-and-maria-fulford-architects/ Mobius Building, http://fortikur.com/amazing-mobius-architecture/mobius-strip-building-architecture/ Folding, http://issuu.com/bis_publishers/docs/folding_architecture Flux, http://ambassade-deco.blogspot.com.au/2011/08/flux-architecture-dans-un-paysage. html