HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE THE NEW URBAN VILLAGE - SHENZHEN, CHINA -
Project Background: In this chapter it sets out the general background of the project, the area of interest and the opportunities. The project is within the time interval of 2013 - 2050, and to explore what kind of innovation can improve the living condition of the future.
01
Shen Zhen: the heart of China’s manufacture industry, especially on high-tech products for global corporations such as Apple, Nokia etc.
Rising Sea Level: The height of sea water is gradually increasing every year at a very concerning rate. Because of global warming the sea level along the coast of Guangdong Province in south China is rising at 1 cm each year. It could rise 30 cm by 2030 and pose a threat to flood the region and islands covering an area of 1000-square kilometers strong in the Pearl River Delta, from which many as millions of people may need to be emigrated for resettlement. According to calculation from the National Marine Data and Information Service (NMDIS), when the sea level rises 30 cm, it could inundate an area of 1154 square kilometers of costal regions and islands at its highest tidemark. This will cause a direct economic loss high as 133.2 billion yuan, forcing a population of 996.4 thousand to relocate. If the sea level rises one meter the feared flooded area could be as large as 6520 square kilometers, part of the region may face the danger of being completely wiped out by the ocean and disappearing forever from the map.
Guangdong has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa inland, Cwa along the coast), though nearing a tropical climate in the far south. Winters are short, mild, and relatively dry, while summers are long, hot, and very wet. Average daily highs in Guangzhou in January and July are 18 ˚C (64 ˚F) and 33 ˚C (91 ˚F) respectively, although the humidity makes it feel much hotter in summer.
More than 41 percent of people in the Pearl River Delta have felt sick or uncomfortable this year because of the region’s heavy pollution, a recent survey found. Most suffer from diseases like cough, sore throat and upper respiratory infections, or feel agitated, depressed or can’t sleep. The Pearl River, the second largest in flow capacity in China, has been seriously polluted by industrial discharges along the river. More than one-fourth of the residents do not dare to drink local tap water. Air pollution is also a serious concern for residents. Cities in Guangdong experienced an average of more than 75 hazy days last year, a record high since 1949. Guangzhou experienced more than 110 hazy days last year. Haze is usually caused by suspended particles in the air that reduce visibility. It is often a mixture of aerosols and photochemical smog.
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE CLIMATE CONDITIONS AND THE FORESEEN CRISIS
As one of the major industry in Guangzhou, high-tech manufacture generates large portion of the local GDP. One of the largest, Foxconn is a Taiwanese multinational electronics contract manufacturing company headquartered in Tucheng, New Taipei, Taiwan. It is the world’s largest electronics contract manufacturer measured by revenues. Foxconn is primarily an original design manufacturer and its clients include major American, European, and Japanese electronics and information technology companies. Notable products that the company manufactures include the iPad, iPhone, iPod, Kindle, PlayStation 3, and Wii U. The big controversy for such corporate manufacturer is how the employees are treated. To gain the competitive edge against other companies, the income of the worker sometime much lower than the legal minimum income standard. In addition workers have to work overtime and live in below standard accommondations. In 2010, at least 18 Foxconn employee attempted suiside for being treated unethically. The landscape of China’s manufacture industry is also started to change. Compared to some countries, the labour cost of China is losing its advantage, factories are moving to Brazil, Mexico, South-east Asia or India. Once these factories moved out, it will be a major challenge to tackle the abondoned industrial site, and to reallocate the workers who came to work in the city from their rural hometowns.
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE MANUFACTURE INDUSTRY AND ITS CONTROVERSY
There has been a long tradition of converting unused industrial site into something else by introducing new programme into the existing spatial planning. Most commonly the industrial site were transformed into art district, because the spacious nature of the factory/warehouse architecture can really compliment with the art work. However the spaces of industrial sites are very flexible to host various programmes.
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE THE POSSIBILITY OF REUSING INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE THE NEW URBAN VILLAGE - SHENZHEN, CHINA -
Hypothesis + Narrative: In this chapter it creates the vision of what the House for the Future would be like and how this new type of architecture will be integrated into the city of the future. The narrative will indicate the characters for the project and imagine how it will solve the problems within the context for the future.
02
1. 1. For the past 3 decades, people have been migrating from rural to cities to seek work opportunities. They created this unique community that co-exist yet different from the city. They played a crucial role for the rapid developments of Chinese cities. However as the development reaching a more saturated state, The requirement for cheap labours is slowly decreasing. If this issues are not addressed with consideration, migrated workers can be an unstable part of the society.
2.
2. For future 2013 - 2050, the cities faces enormous challenges, such as pollution, food shortage and sea level rising. The mode of urban environment must come up with innovations to tackle these crisis and improve standard of living. As the farmer workers helped constructing the cities, they can also be inspiring for the new future living. City should learn from the philosophy of rural living, to be more self sustainable, and co-exist with nature rather than exploiting it. The farmer worker community can once again be the protagonist of innovation.
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE LEARNING FROM THE RURAL - CITY IN THE FUTURE
EXCHANGE
EDUCATION
ECOLOGY
CHANGE OF VALUE
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE LEARNING FROM THE RURAL - CITY IN THE FUTURE
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE LEARNING FROM THE RURAL - CITY IN THE FUTURE
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE LEARNING FROM THE RURAL - CITY IN THE FUTURE
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
Desk space
Fruiting/Propagation
Herbs
Lavatory Kitchen
Chickens
Micro greens/Cafe
Mushroom/Storage
Aquaponics/Cafe
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE THE NEW URBAN VILLAGE - SHENZHEN, CHINA -
User + Community: In this chapter it analyses the current living conditions of the targeted community and indicates what will be the role of the user in this project, and how they fit in to the larger community.
03
* Dark spots indicates the current urban village distributions within Shenzhen
1986
10,161 SQUARE KM 151% INCREASE IN 16 YEARS
2002
25,973 SQUARE KM Source: China Statistics, 2003
3 Types of Urban Villages
70%
55%
Urban Built ratio: 70% Agri. activity: few Rent income: >80%
Transformed Built ratio: 55% Agri. activity: some Rent income: >40 - 80%
30%
Urban Fringe Built ratio: 30% Agri. activity: frequent Rent income: <50%
Major Conditions of Urban Village
Sanitation
Building Quality
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
Infrastructure
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
AGE BREAK DOWN
41 years and older 31 - 40 years
243 million by 2025
19%
26 - 30 years
25%
16 - 25 years
18% 48%
CHINA 1.3 billion
Guangdong 104 million
Migrant workers 103 million
UK 82 million
AVERAGE WAGE
100 USD$
58% of Urban workers
DISTRIBUTION BY INDUSTRY
CHILDREN
31%
brought to cities with parents
22%
11%
Other
Commerce
Social Service
Construction
Manufacturing
20 million children
7%
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
58 million children left behind
1st quarter: slow steady growth 2nd quarter: maximum leaf growth 3rd quarter: maximum root growth 4th quarter: rest period Here we are concerned with the Moon, which passes quickly in front of all 12 zodiac constellations in just 27.3 days. Because the zodiac constellations are of different sizes, the Moon stands in front of each for a shorter or longer time, approx. between 1-1/2 to 3-1/2 days. Rudolf Steiner taught that every zodiac constellation radiates certain favourable conditions to the plants, which the Moon will focus as it passes in front of each constellation. The influences of the constellations are passed on, reflected by the Moon, through the 4 classical elements of nature - warmth/ fire, light/air, water and earth in the following groupings.
lunar gravity
lunar light
1st quarter
2nd quarter
3rd quarter
5.0
12
fruit days
4.5
4th quarter
root days
11
4.0
10
3.5
9
3.0
8
2.5 21.
25.
APRIL
30.
MAY
5.
10.
19.
14.
Ulf Abele’s barley trial 1970
25. APRIL
1.
MAY5
.
AY
5.
10.
14.
Ulf Abele’s carrot trial 1972
6.5
36
fruit days
6.0
root days
32
5.5
28
5.0
24
4.5
20
4.0 31.1.
5.
Ulf Abele’s oat trial 1971
10.
APRIL
15.
20.
25.
18.
APRILM
25.
Ulf Abele’s raddish trial 1974
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
30.
10.
14.
0.35%
floating population 12 million employee from Foxconn 0.3 million estimated family relatives 0.2 million
The Farmer Market:
Festival Celebrations:
China has been suffering for the lack of food safety. The existing mode of food distribution is cooperate supermarket buys crops from farmers with a very low price and sell them to the cities. However there is a lack of quality control, it was reported on the news that some products were but back to sale after the expiry date, and excessive residue pesticides on vegetables. According to cnfood.gov, there are currently at least 55 types of food products that harmful to the human body on the market. In the future the new city farmers could act as the distributors of farming goods. At the markets in the urban village fresh products will be sold. The expertise knowledge of the new city farmers can ensure the food is safe and hygienic for consumers.
Now
Future
Farmer
Farmer
Supermarkets
Urban Village
Customers
Customers
permanent population 2.46 million
The start phase of the urban village from 2013 to 2050 would be base on the employees of Foxconn Shenzhen factory and the families they brought to the city, which is estimated 0.5 million people.
Education:
Almost every festival in the country is related to the agrigultural activities. The spirit of the Chinese festivals is to appreciate the resources that nature provided to the human beings. In recent years the festivals has been linked to commercial activities and their true meaning has lost.
Another function of the urban village is to raise the awareness of ecological urbanism, providing an educational ground for people to learn the advantages of the rural way of living, and how combing the rural strategy with cities can benefits its future development.
In contrast looking at the rural part of the country the spirit of the festivals is still kept, people still look back to the history and respect the heritage. In the future the new city farmers can bring the true meaning of these festival back to the cities.
It is a centre for knowledge transfer, not only city people can learn from the farmers, farmers can also benefit from applying the advanced methodology and science to their tranditional farming techniques.
The urban village then becomes a place for celebration, it not only preserved the cultural value to the new generation, but also generate income for the residence in the urban village.
This educational ground also provides an alternative route for children who finished their middle school, instead of going to universities which are already over saturated, they can become a part of the new city farmer community that contribute to the future urban transformation.
â&#x20AC;˘Fresher product â&#x20AC;˘Better quality control â&#x20AC;˘Fairer price for both parties
* As an tourist attraction and educational facility, Eden Project is one of the major employer in Cornwall and has over 750 employees.
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE THE NEW URBAN VILLAGE - SHENZHEN, CHINA -
Design Driver: In this chapter it sets out the principle of design for the project. The methodology for design is guided by the design driver, by having a system it ensures the different elements of design will connect as a whole.
04
24 SPRING
315°
330°
345°
24 24 Solar Terms
24 Suitable Products
24 Architectural Implications
24 Descriptions
《立春》 Spring Commences (03 - 05/Feb):
《雨水》 Spring Showers (18 - 20/Feb):
《惊蛰》 Insects Waken (05 - 07/March):
Marks the begining of the spring. Spring crops start to grow faster, it is the time to increase the field work. Also people should be aware of the lung related diseases, especially buildings need more ventilation.
The day gets warmer and rain water increased, however as the crops grow faster, it is important to collect and store the precious rain water. Also the beaver start to hunt and wild goose return to the north.
Animals and insects wake from the winter sleep, due to the spring thunder. Farmer should be aware of animal disease and insects, and apply fertilizers as the crops growing faster.
0°
15°
30°
24 24 Solar Terms
24 Suitable Products
24 Architectural Implications
24 Descriptions
《春分》 Vernal Equinox (20 - 22/March):
《清明》 Bright and Clear (04 - 06/April):
《谷雨》 Corn Rain (19 - 21/April):
The middle point of spring, both the day and night last 12 hours. Swallows will come to houses, and it tells the best time to increase the intensity of farming works. Rice will start to grow at the Vernal Equinox.
Day to visit the family members that passed away, also a day to celebrate by doing exercise and field trips. An important festival and traditionally people will not lit fire and only eat cold food.
Days become milder, rice will start to grow faster, also the time to plant cotton. Cuckoo bird will come to remind farmer to grow. Willow catkin will spread in the air and cause allergy. Also its the best time to drink tea.
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
24 SPRING
45°
60°
75°
24 24 Solar Terms
24 Suitable Products
24 Architectural Implications
24 Descriptions
《立夏》 Summer Commences (05 - 06/May):
《小满》 Corn Forms (20 - 22/May):
《芒种》 Corn on Ear (05 - 07/June):
The start of summer. It is the time crop grow really fast, and the key date to plant rice into the field. Farmer should also be careful about pests. The rain start to increase, it is the time of year when heart related diseases increase.
On Corn Forms a lot of crops start to fruit, however it is not the time to harvest them yet. The air becomes try and during this period skin related disease is going to increase, thus it is important to keep the skin moist.
The field will turn back to green during this period and it would be unique and beautiful landscape. Some area of the country will enter rain season and it is important to protect people and crops against the rain.
90°
105°
120°
24 24 Solar Terms
24 Suitable Products
24 Architectural Implications
24 Descriptions
《夏至》 Summer Solstice (21 - 22/June):
《小暑》 Moderate Heat (06 - 08/July):
《大暑》 Great Heat (22 - 24/July):
The period of the year where the day time is the longest. It is the day when people celebrate the sun, an important festival for the Chinese people.
Day that marks the heat of summer, even crickets will hide in the shadow. It is important to store water for the crops. Also farmers should trim the dead leafs from plants.
The hottest time of the year, also the time to harvest the first phase of rice. It is the time when fireflies will be reproducing and become a beautiful scene in the summer nights.
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
24 SPRING
135°
150°
165°
24 24 Solar Terms
24 Suitable Products
24 Architectural Implications
24 Descriptions
《立秋》 Autumn Commences (07 - 09/Aug):
《处暑》 End of Heat (22 - 24/Aug):
《白露》 White Dew (07 - 09/Sept):
The beginning of autumn, however the heat of the summer is not completely gone. Autumn is the most important season for harvest, easpecially collecting rain water.
Finally the heat is gone, and at the same time crops become mature. With each autumn rain the weather will get colder, thus its important to prevent diseases. People are likely to get tired so internal plants will help to increase indoor oxygen.
In this time of the year, the temperature difference is the greatest for the whole year, thus dew water becomes significantly greater than other times. Also a time to store water.
180°
195°
210°
24 24 Solar Terms
24 Suitable Products
24 Architectural Implications
24 Descriptions
《秋分》 Autumnal Equinox (22 - 24/Sept):
《寒露》 Cold Dew (08 - 09/Oct):
《霜降》 Frost (23 - 24/Oct):
The middle point of Autumn. The day and night will be equally 12 hours, this period is seen as the best time of the year, where the plants and crops turns all red and gold. Also a time to celebrate autumn.
The Dew water become cold as well as the temperature. It is also the season for oysters and other shell fish. People usually drink soup to prevent cold and other diseases.
Leaf starts to fall, and animals start to go to winter sleep. Crops needed to be protected from frost in this time of the year. Traditionally farmers use smoke to create micro-climate area to protect crops.
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
24 SPRING
225°
240°
255°
24 24 Solar Terms
24 Suitable Products
24 Architectural Implications
24 Descriptions
《立冬》 Winter Commences (07 - 09/Nov):
《小雪》 Light Snow (22 - 23/Nov):
《惊蛰》 Heavy Snow (06 - 08/Dec):
The start of winter. The temperature start of drop, people should adjust the diet to copr with the cold weather. Also it is the time to start preparing for the winter, for example put things in the storage.
It is a good time for fishing, in some area will be light snow. People also should be careful for the mental health, as its a dangerous period for depression.
The rain fall will greatly decrease, but occasionally there will be heavy snowand birds stopped squawking. The snow can be a protective layer for the crops and it could be melted to water.
270°
285°
300°
24 24 Solar Terms
24 Suitable Products
24 Architectural Implications
24 Descriptions
《冬至》 Winter Solstice (21 - 23/Dec):
《小寒》 Moderate Cold (05 - 07/Jan):
《大寒》 Severe Cold (20 - 21/Jan):
The day with the shortest day time and longest night. People will go home to visit their family grave and treat elderly. A time for celebration, because after this day positive power will be back to earth. People will eat lamb and dog meat on this day.
It is the beginning of the cold period in winter. The important thing is to keep warm. Magpies start to nest, which seen as a warning of cold weather, farmers will use straw layer to protect the crops.
The coldest time of the year, with the least rain fall. People would stay indoor to keep warm, also dumplings will be the main food because it is believe to protect people from diseases.
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
Frburary Sun
Mon
March Tue
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat
Sun
Mon
Tue
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat
01 Spring Commences 03 04
02
05
Spring 09 Festival 10
11
16
Spring Showers 19 18
17
23
24
06
12
25
26
07
08
01 02
03
04
05
13
14
15
09
10
11
Planting Day 12
20
21
22
16
17
18
19
27
28
23
24
30
31
25
26
Insects Waken 06 13
07
08
14
15
Vernal Equinox 20 21 27
28
22 Earth Hour 29
April Sun
Mon
Tue
Wed
Thu
Fri
01
02
03
Sat
Bright and Clear 04 05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
21
22
23
24
25
26
28
29
30
Corn Rain 20 27
Special occasions
Weekend markets
Festivals
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE THE NEW URBAN VILLAGE - SHENZHEN, CHINA -
Site: In this chapter it looks at the site for the project. It also looks at the principle of local vernacular architecture (Lingnan style), as the heritage of traditional architecture plays an important role in this project.
05
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
*
Metro station
Connection to Hong Kong
0 50
200
500m
Scale 1:10,000
1 Hotel Residential towers Government building
Court house
Primary school
2
3
Government buildings Residential towers
Middle school Residential towers
3PNF 1JB[[B /BWPOB
4
%VCSPWOJL 1MBDB
5
Hospital
5SJFTUF $BOBM (SBOEF
Scale 1:5,000
Total population 28640 people, local Shenzhen population 3310 people, temporary population 25150 people.
7FSPOB 1JB[[B EFMMF &SCF
1. Bird eye view of the selected urban village 2. Figure ground drawing of plazza navona, Rome 3. Figure ground drawing of Dubrovnik 4. Figure ground drawing of canal grande, Trieste 5. Figure ground drawing of plazza delle erbe, Verona. 18
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
Area = 910,000 sqm
Population: Total population 10834 people, local Shenzhen population 1011 people, temporary population 9823 people.
=100 persons
Permanent User Currently the migrant worker in the urban village are the temporary residence, which means they have less sense of belonging and less benefit from the city. In the future new urban village, the people with agricultural background will be the permanent residence and run the community. They will carry out activities such as farming, running the market, managing festival celebrations etc.
Urban villagers
=100 persons
Temporary User
more visitors during festivals
The residence from the city will be the temporary user of the urban village. This does not mean they have less right compare to permanent users, but they stay here for shorter period of time to experience, learn and celebrate festivals. They will have space to live in and this will bring the two communities that were seperated together.
City residence
=
According to GOV.UK on the farming animal welfare section and data from DairyCo, for the condition such as the urban village, there are a number of animal according to the number of residence. Also the size of animal shed must be regulated to ensure the comfort of the animals.
Chicken Coop
minimal space: 0.4 sqm per chicken
=
Pig shed
=
Cow shed
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
minimal space: 1.0 sqm per pig
minimal space: 7.4 sqm per cow
24 MINIMAL LIVING AREA - <CHINESE HOUSING REGULATION>
Chicken Coop
Kitchen
Bedroom for One
0.4m²
4m²
6m²
Pig House
1m²
Bathroom Bedroom for Two
10m²
3m²
Cow House
7.4m²
Living Room
12m² SCALE 1:100
24 RIBA - <HOMEWISE: HOUSING STANDARD>
SCALE 1:100
3 Bedroom for 4 person
74m²
1 Bedroom for 1 person
37m²
2 Bedroom for 3 person
4 Bedroom for 5 person
60m²
90m² average per person
20m²
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
24 Site total area: 910,000m² Existing building area: 137,000m² Buildable area:
773,000m²
Housing for urban villagers
196,000m²
Chicken coop
Housing for city residence
2,680m²
20,000m²
Pig house
4,000m² Cow house
7,400m²
24 SCALE 1:5000
Buildable area:
Planned area:
773,000m² - 230,080m² Potential planted area:
= 542,920m²
Different types of the crops require different methods of planting and also require certain amount of space to grow. Thus the distribution of the planted area will be arranged according to the desired crops at the time of the year.
Poaceae
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
Rosaceae
Nymphaeaceae
Chenopodiaceae
Fungi
Cucurbitaceae
Solanaceae
HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE THE NEW URBAN VILLAGE - SHENZHEN, CHINA -
Design Proposal: In this chapter it represents the design outcomes based on the study and research.
06
24 INNOVATION
S
Architectural innovations to improve people’s life according to the 24 solar terms.
Swallow house in spring to indicate rice planting time and the nest can be harvested after swallows move south in autumn.
24 ARCHITECTURE
M
Four seasons house that harvest nature and connected to the Chinese agricultural heritage.
Spring House
24 URBANISM
Tea house in spring as it’s the best time to drink tea, also creates solar chimney effect to enhance ventilation.
Summer House
Autumn House
Winter House
L
The new urban village that break the isolation between city residence and migrant worker.
Site satellite image showing the existing urban village surrounded by high rise buildings
Proposed urban vision of the new urban village
24 METHODOLOGY The project is looking at different scale, from detail level of certain architectural elements to a building and then the masterplanning of the site. To avoid the project to become too vague, the methodology is to focus on certain parts instead of spreading the attention to all of them. The project will be using an experimental approach, to analyse and explore the 24 solar terms, which is a traditional system that built through generations, with thorough observation and experience. The 24 solar terms act as a guide to people’s
living and working, responding to the change in nature.
a larger focus through models and drawings in the second term.
The architectural elements in this project are trying to translate the science behind the 24 solar terms and could make the living space perform better.
Since the performance of detail will be studied further, the urban aspect would be more visionary. Afterall the brief of the project <House for the Future> allows the innovations to be not limited to a specific location or time.
These investigation at detail level will then be integrated into the building, which will then put into the masterplan according to context. The design process will constantly move between these three scales, however the innovation aspect of it will have
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
BIRD EYE VIEW OF THE FOUR SEASON HOUSES
SPRING HOUSE
SUMMER HOUSE
AUTUMN HOUSE
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
WINTER HOUSE
TEMPLES
1
2
4
3
1
2
3
4
The Alter:
The Silo:
The Animal House:
The Path Temple:
The top part of the temple, where the celebration of the season will happen. Each season has a different alter to situate different activities.
The middle part of the temple, where the crops of the season will be stored. During farmer market time, the goods will be moved to the market stall to be sold.
The bottom part of the temple, where animals are kept.
A part of the temple, using narrow space to let people to understand and celebrate cultural heritage while moving through the space.
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
Spring temple - Memorial
Autumn temple - Harvest celebration
Summer temple - Sun temple
Winter temple - Giant soup jar
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
SPRING HOUSE
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
SUMMER HOUSE
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
AUTUMN HOUSE
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
WINTER HOUSE
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
24 INNOVATIONS:
24 FOLDING FACADE/CANOPY
24
• market place • solar shading
• rice planting indicator • harvest nest
24 OYSTER SHELL ROOF
24RAIN WATER COLLECTION
24
• insulation • collect/filter water
• channel rain water
• for spring tea drinking • solar chimney
One concept that is crucial to the house for the future would be innovations. The idea is to use architectural elements in an innovative way to improve the standard of living.
SWALLOW HOUSE
In the new urban village the innovations will be derived from the 24 solar terms, which is a method to record 24 anchor dates of the year, and use them as a guide for life style in respond to nature and climate. These innovations will be further developed and materialised in the second and third term as the project evolves more.
24
COLLING SYSTEM
• powered by summer rain • introduce indoor ventilation
24
PILLOW FACADE
• extra insulation for winter
TEA HOUSE
24COLLING SYSTEM/FIRE FLY LAMP
24 DEW WATER COOLECTION
• powered by wind • introduce green lighting in summer nights
• collect dew water
24ANIMAL HOUSE/HEATING
24
• animal provide heat for winter
• store energy provided by animals
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
GAS STORAGE
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
SHENZHEN TEMPERATURE INFORMATION (1951 - 2010)
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
EXTREME HIGH TEMP ˚C
29.1
30.3
32.0
34.0
35.8
36.9
38.7
37.1
36.9
35.2
33.1
29.0
AVERAGE HIGH TEMP ˚C
19.8
20.2
22.7
26.3
29.5
31.1
32.2
32.2
31.3
29.2
25.4
21.2
AVERAGE TEMP ˚C
15.0
16.3
19.0
22.7
26.0
28.0
28.9
28.7
27.7
25.3
21.2
17.0
AVERAGE LOW TEMP ˚C
12.5
13.8
16.5
20.3
23.6
25.6
26.3
26.1
25.0
22.5
18.2
13.1
EXTREME LOW TEMP ˚C
0.9
0.2
3.1
5.7
14.8
19.0
20.0
20.1
16.9
9.3
4.9
1.7
AUTUMN: Mid September to mid December
Four Seasons Shift in Shenzhen:
WINTER: Mid December to March Beijing Four Seasons
However, according to the data, it is likely that the winter will get longer and the summer will be shorter in the future.
Shanghai Four Seasons
Shenzhen Four Seasons
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In contrast, spring is the shortest season, from March to mid May, only last for 2 and a half month.
SPRING: March to mid May
SUMMER: Mid May to mid September
Currently in Shenzhen, the longest season would be summer, from mid May to mid September, which lasts more than 4 month.
2
Predictions for the future climate: 1. Global warming will cause hotter summer, however it is possible that the summer will get shorter. 2. Recent years there were a number of extraordinary cold winters in the southern part of China. Temperature riched 0 degree and snow caused serious problems. As the trend suggest, the summer will get shorter and hotter, the winter will get longer and colder. It can be predicted that the climate condition in Shenzhen will have more distinctive seasons.
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
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The Four Season Houses: The community of the four season houses are arranged in circles. These provide accommondations for the urban villagers. They slightly different in sizes to suit different needs, in the centre of the four season houses, there is a temple to stock food, animals, and provide spaces to celebrate the festivals.
2
The Elevated Platforms: Elevated from the ground level, there are a number of platforms, providing public spaces to the urban villagers and visitors, especially when there will be events or weekmarkets. Also there are circular walkways to connect different four season house communities.
3
Green Houses and Barns: In between the fields, there are green houses inserted in a calculated grid. These green houses will grow off season crops in harsh weather conditions. The barn is connected to the near by underground station, when food is transported here, the barn act as a temporary interchange.
4
Farming Fields: The fields are rationally arranged to follow the water canal, providing not only fresh food but also let people in the city to experience the farming process.
5
Existing Surrounding Buildings: The surrounding context provides a buffer zone to protect the urban village. Some of the surrounding building can be intergrated when urban village develops. For example here the facades of some tall residential buildings are transformed to vertical gardens, using water collected by the urban village.
6
Transformation of the Site: The site will be transformed to fit the need of the urban village. Especially the inner city canal will be introduced into the site, to link with the water reservoir, because the four season houses also collect water, it will become a circulation. Watermills here are used to make flour and water towers will store clean water.
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
Energy Harvest: The innovation in this project will utilise passive energy, and in a urban scale relief the burden for the community.
Water Collection: The project has a number of ways to harvest and store water, and it will be linked to the existing canal system of the city, benefiting a larger scale.
Festivals: The new urban village will be in charge of the festival celebrations. This will stimulate related industries (props, fireworks etc) and generate culture and tourism.
Food: Fresh and sustainable food will be produced here, also the urban village will be linked to farms outside the city, acting as a transition station for fresh and safe food.
Job Opportunities:
Infrastructures:
Tax:
The urban village will provide jobs for the migrant workers, with their experience in agriculture it will be perfect fit. When the project further expands, it will provide more employment.
The new urban village will upgrade the infrastructure of the site, which is below standard. This will connect better with the existing urban infrastructure and eliminate problems such as building safety and hygiene.
The new urban village will create new business and industries to this area, also attracting tourism. In return it will generate more tax income to improve further in this district.
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
original four season house configuration.
Possible Expansion: The houses are arranged in a circular organisation, and when the population of the urban villages grow, it is possible to expand outwards and upwards to accommondate more people.
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
when the seasons change their duration or population changes, the houses can be expanded.
water channel
water tower
vertical garden
existing canal
field
watermill
when water flow through, it generate power for the watermill to make flour
Water Circulation: Water plays crucial part in the master plan. Using the inner city canal as water source, the site draws water in and created water reservoirs. Fields and green houses are benefited from the water, and also water collected by the buildings will be stored.
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
reservoir
vertical green facade using the existing high rise residential tower.
The elevated platforms is the public spaces for urban villages and visitors, to accommondate programmes such as square, exhibition or garden. Also these platforms can be used for events and festivals. They are elevated from ground level so that they wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t interfre with the fields on the ground level.
Exhibition 3500 sqm/ 1200 ppl
Square 2550 sqm/ 1200 ppl
Square 2000 sqm/ 1000 ppl
Garden 1800 sqm/ 900 ppl
Exhibition 5000 sqm/ 2000 ppl
Square 5300 sqm/ 3200 ppl
Garden 2000 sqm/ 1000 ppl Exhibition 3200 sqm/ 1600 ppl
THE HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE FARMER WORKERS AND URBAN VILLAGE COMMUNITY
HOUSE FOR THE FUTURE THE NEW URBAN VILLAGE - SHENZHEN, CHINA -
Chiang Mai Worshop: This chapter is a collection of outcomes from the Chiang Mai Future-Natural workshop. The workshop is focused on design and fabrication, using traditional materials with innovative approach.
07
Workshop Objectives: The seven days workshop is a collaborative project between Bartlett unit 22 and Chiang Mai University students, it is a seven day long project to build four 1:1 installations within the Architecture Department building of Chiang Mai university. The students were split into groups and my project theme is Canopy. To be more specific the site is on the ramp of the building which lead people from the courtyard up to higher levels of the building. The Architecture building is situated within a very well planted, lush environment, and it has very strong connection to nature, also the courtyard is one of the focal point of the building as it is a place for people to meet and a lot of activities being held here, for example at the time of the workshop there was a nicely produced school play with bamboo built stage in the courtyard, right above our site. With the characters of the site, the initial concept is to connect the Canopy with the natural suroundings and the vibrant human activities, and to create this interaction between human and nature.
FUTURE NATURAL CHIANG MAI DESIGN AND FABRICATION WORKSHOP
FACMU International Workshop Series Presents:
FACMU x BARTLETT UNIT 22 INTERNATIONAL DESIGN & FABRICATION WORKSHOP EXHIBITION In Association With: UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, FACMU
UNIT 22 BARTLETT SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, UCL
[
02.12 - 07.12.2013
[
FUTURENATURAL
Group 2- Canopy Flamed Seed Catcher h ua T ho m s Jo
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Concept: Group 2 is looking at bees and their nests as an inspiration, both structurally and conceptually. The structure unfolds into a honey comb shape to give it strengthen for making a cantilever canopy, together with the idea that it will help to protect nature like Bees help flowers to pollinate, therefore maybe there will be some seed deposits within the canopy where birds can feed on and help with protect and make nature grow. Function: Solar shading, protecting falling seed, feeding birds.
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How it Protects Nature: Protect the falling seed from the tree and allow the seed to grow, at the same time allow bird to feed on the seed and further help nature to grow. How it reconnect us with Nature: This canopy allows us to get closer to nature, so provide new chances for man to grow more trees.
The Faculty of Architecture, Chiang Mai University,Chiang Mai 50200 Tel +66 5394 2806 Fax +66 5322 1448 l www.arc.cmu.ac.th
FUTURE NATURAL CHIANG MAI DESIGN AND FABRICATION WORKSHOP
The Site Conditions: The site of choice sits on the ramp between the second and third floor of the building, as one of the main features of the building, it not only creates a passage for between, out also a place of interaction that links between the indoor and the semi-outdoor (courtyard). After studying the site, there are a number of factors came to our attention. The courtyard is a very lively place, not only for people to gather, but also it attracts a lot of nature. There are a lot of birds inside the courtyard, they are attracted by food and also nest on trees and man made structures. In addtion, bees and wasps also favor to build their hive here onto the structure, being protected. Furthermore, the trees within the courtyard are a very specific species call Flame Tree, this kind of tree has very beautiful red and purple flowers during winter which will attract butterflies, and after autumn, they has this very big and rigid seed pots that shape like beans. The natural elements inside the courtyard are very rich already, so we imagine the canopy can bring people closer to experience nature, and also it can help the natural elements to be connected better, for example the seed pots need to be exposed to sunlight to open, but the bottom of the courtyard has little sunlight for that to happen. To help the natural process, the canopy will catch the seed when they drop from the tree and then birds will eat the seed, later the seed will be spread by the bird for them to grow into new trees, because the courtyard is paved with hard surface and the seed will not germinate. During the natural interaction happens above the canopy, people can observe when they pass under.
FUTURE NATURAL CHIANG MAI DESIGN AND FABRICATION WORKSHOP
The pot provide protection to the seeds before they are matured. The seed pot of the flaming tree will open by itself when its dry under the sunlight.
Without the help of the bird, it is very difficult for the seeds to become new trees.
When the seeds are broken out of the pots, birds will eat them as food.
To encourage the bird to encrete on a certain area,
col-
our red
will be the colour of choice. Because according to research red is more easily targeted by birds, red
700% more likely to catch bird fieces compared
cars are to other cars.
FUTURE NATURAL CHIANG MAI DESIGN AND FABRICATION WORKSHOP
Initial Concepts: The initial concepts were developed by the Chiang Mai University students, the canopy is divided to repeated hexagon parts, not only because it symbolised the bee and wasp hives found in various locations of the site, it is also one of the most rigid shapes, also can cover the most of the surface area with least materials. Each hexagon has flexible and fixed joints, the combination of two types of joints allow the canopy to fold and unfold as a whole. within each haxagon there is a woven fabric that catches the seed pot, also when the canopy it folded the fabric becomes a basket, which provides the possibility for birds to nest in there. When we try to develop the concept further, the first thing is the canopy can be less stiff because in the original design, the canopy moves along a straight rail system. However the group thought the installation should have a more soft and fabric like performance. More types of joints where developed to achieve in certain parts it moves to a specific direction and in other parts they do something else. Also the movement is controlled by ropes instead of stiff rails. A softer installation will not only correspond to natural elements better, but also echos with the traditional Thai weaing and hand craft traditions.
FUTURE NATURAL CHIANG MAI DESIGN AND FABRICATION WORKSHOP
Selection of Materials: For the materials of choice, the main compoent will be bamboo, this material is very common in Thai and South East Asian vernacular architecture. One of the chanllenges was to really learn the performance and strength of this material, thankfully the local students were very helpful to provide such knowledge. Apart from bamboo, we decided to use ropes and other soft materials to join different elements, these material can be easily found at markets in Chiang Mai, it is very surprising that using different techniques such simple materials can achieve many tasks. In the end all the joints were tied together with different knots and performed as we imagined to be: a installation that is both hard and soft.
FUTURE NATURAL CHIANG MAI DESIGN AND FABRICATION WORKSHOP
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2
3
4
Joint of the main structure is taken inspiration from the local technique of scaffolding, using ropes and small pieces of bamboo to fix.
Primary structure is using long pieces of bamboo, fixing them to both sides of the handrails of the ramp.
Hexagon units which were prefabricated now using ropes to be tied together.
Pully/control system that connects hexagons together and then linked to the main structure, the red ropes are guides and green ropes control the canopy.
FUTURE NATURAL CHIANG MAI DESIGN AND FABRICATION WORKSHOP
1
2
3
4
Smaller piece of bamboo for guide rope to run through
Flexible joint to link 2 hexagon pieces, allow rotational movements.
Piece from hexagon no.1.
Piece from hexagon no.2.
Movable Joints: One of the main feature of the canopy is it can open or close depending on whether its function is to catch seeds or provide comfortable conditions for birds to nest on. So that the joint must allow this movement smoothly. The biggest chanllenge is to incorporate different material property (hard bamboo and soft fabrics and ropes) and make them move at the same time. This movable joint utilised the different diametres of bamboo, cutting the bigger bamboo and attach the piece reversely to create this pocket that only allow smaller bamboo to rotate but no twisting. Using string to fix the joint to allow subtle movement without being rigid. The joint is also combined with the piece to run the guide rope through. 1. Cutting the large bamboo piece 2. Attach the rope guide 3. Fixing the joint with string 4. The finished joint on the canopy
FUTURE NATURAL CHIANG MAI DESIGN AND FABRICATION WORKSHOP
THE HEXAGON
The fabrication of the hexagons started with cutting bamboo into 50cm pieces, with 120 degrees angle on both sides. Then holes were drilled for string to tie them together, depend on whether the joint is fixed or flexible, the number of holes and joint methods vary. Also there are bamboo pieces for the guide rope to run through.
THE BASKET
The baskets were woven by thin bamboo strips using traditional Thai weaving techniques. Some of the strips were soaked in red food dye. With different weaving techniques and different colours it created a variety of patterns.
FUTURE NATURAL CHIANG MAI DESIGN AND FABRICATION WORKSHOP
THE BIRD NEST
The canopy provides a lot of possible spots for birds to nest on, there are small baskets attached to the bamboo, and also when the canopy is closed, the fabric becomes pocket for nesting. Birds can find coconut fibres on the canopy as their nesting material.
FUTURE NATURAL CHIANG MAI DESIGN AND FABRICATION WORKSHOP
FUTURE NATURAL CHIANG MAI DESIGN AND FABRICATION WORKSHOP
FUTURE NATURAL CHIANG MAI DESIGN AND FABRICATION WORKSHOP
24 HEXAGON JOINTS
Colour red indicates the joints that allow movement to one direction, and the colour blue indicates the fixed joints.
When the canopy moves it only allow it to do the folding action without unwanted movements.
24 THE JOINTS WORK AS A SYSTEM
When a number of hexagons combined together, with the flexible joint and the guide rope, it becomes one system that can be controlled by pulling the rope to perform the fold/unfold action.
By pulling the control rope, the movable joint will start to fold towards the pulling force and the fixed joints maintain the shape.
24 UNFOLD AND FOLD CANOPY
FUTURE NATURAL CHIANG MAI DESIGN AND FABRICATION WORKSHOP
When the birds eat the seed, the protective memberine will be digested, and become ready to germinate.
When the seed pods rest on the canopy, the sunlight will cause them to open.
The birds will bring the seeds with them, and spread to more ideal locations for the seeds to germinate.
FUTURE NATURAL CHIANG MAI DESIGN AND FABRICATION WORKSHOP