RESEARCH METHODS Tutor: Prof. Dr. Ing. Andrea Haase
Barcelona Infusion
A thesis proposal presented to the DIA by ZHOU Yongkai under the supervision of Prof. Matias del Campo
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Abstract “La linea recta es del hombre , la curva pertenece a Dios. ” ---by Antoni Gaudi “This whole architectural concept ignores the intricate local behaviors of matter and their contribution to the composition of bodies. An attention to the matters out of which bodies are composed suggests a reformulation of the concept of the whole.” ---by Greg Lynn.
The idea of the thesis is “Gaudi’s city ”,Try to use the spirit of Gaudi’s language, different expression technique to meet the function of the construction and its own aesthetic. The skin also responds to existing site conditions as they relate to the parameters of the system. The formal qualities of the skin were used to inform interior spatial conditions which, in turn, helped to develop a range of programmatic spaces throughout the tower. Surface Grammar explores the opportunities present in the morphologies of ornamentations as point of departure for the design of architectural conditions. Inherent qualities such as space articulation, components, organization, structure and circulation form the ground for a variety of speculations on spatial conditions. The sensorial and spatial experiences co-notated with the manifold qualities of contemporary, algorithm driven ornaments, from their topological qualities to the distribution of components and patterns forming the structural body, are scrutinized for their architectural qualities and incorporated in a project.
Introduction Barcelona is Gaudi’s city . Barcelona is a historical nice , beautiful
city which is always giving people energy both mentally and physically. There are lots of Baroque and Gothic style building in the centre. The deep decorate always bring different feeling to people. The concept of Barcelona Infusion embracing “Gaudi’s city ” which is means preserving this identity but also transforming it into a contemporary space. Integrate the simplicity of modern and the deep decorate together. Keen to combine technology and traditional handicraft together under one roof, creating a comprehensive and inspiring journey into the fascinating fabric. On the one hand, the structure could be deep decoration, on the other hand, It also can be shading at the same time daylight for the building. In other words, the surface of the building not only to be the façade of the building, but also could be a functional part of the whole building. The building surface is a transition from internal space to external space.
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Future Tower
·5 star Hotel ·Organic Tower ·Wires Logic research
·Gaudi’s spirit’s research First of all, I will research the city of Barcelona and Gaudi’s theory of architecture during the break and build the 3D model of the site .And from the research of the demand of the city ,why barcelona has so few skyscraper, and the necessity of the project. Then Analysis the site,(shadows ,etc.) The idea of the project is to follow the Gaudi’s theory ,find the most wanted of the citizian of Barcelona. VIEW will be my start point of the design, the view from different orientations and different floors to each urban spot of the city part around. Scripting it,(Rhino scripting or processing, or maya fluid) to get a basic form of the building, then though the research of the SOLAR ANALISIS from Ecotect ,and the WIND ANALYSIS from FLUENT, develop the form of the building Then from that basic form ,use the knowledge from last semester to refine the project , AND, the function of the HOTEL will be Considered during the whole design process
Study from Wire Logic
A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, string of metal. Wires are used to bear mechanical loads and to carry electricity andtelecommunications signals. Wire is commonly formed by drawing the metal through a hole in a die or draw plate. Standard sizes are determined by various wire gauges. The term wire is also used more loosely to refer to a bundle of such strands, as in 'multistranded wire', which is more correctly termed a wire rope in mechanics, or a cable in electricity. In antiquity, jewellery often contains, in the form of chains and applied decoration, large amounts of wire that is accurately made and which must have been produced by some efficient, if not technically advanced, means. In some cases, strips cut from metal sheet were made into wire by pulling them through perforations in stone beads. This causes the strips to fold round on themselves to form thin tubes. This strip drawing technique was in use in Egypt by the 2nd Dynasty. From the middle of the 2nd millennium BC most of the gold wires in jewellery are characterised by seam lines that follow a spiral path along the wire. Such twisted strips can be converted into solid round wires by rolling them between flat surfaces or the strip wire drawing method. The strip twist wire manufacturing method was superseded by drawing in the ancient Old World sometime between about the 8th and 10th centuries AD. There is some evidence for the use of drawing further East prior to this period.
Square and hexagonal wires were possibly made using a swaging technique. In this method a metal rod was struck between grooved metal blocks, or between a grooved punch and a grooved metal anvil. Swaging is of great antiquity, possibly dating to the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC in Egypt and in the Bronze and Iron Ages in Europe for torches andfibulae. Twisted square section wires are a very common filigree decoration in early Etruscan jewellery. In about the middle of the 2nd millennium BC a new category of decorative tube was introduced which imitated a line of granules. True beaded wire, produced by mechanically distorting a round-section wire, appeared in the Eastern Mediterranean and Italy in the seventh century BC, perhaps disseminated by the Phoenicians. Beaded wire continued to be used in jewellery into modern times, although it largely fell out of favour in about the tenth century AD when two drawn round wires, twisted together to form what are termed 'ropes', provided a simpler-to-make alternative. A forerunner to beaded wire may be the notched strips and wires which first occur from around 2000 BC in Anatolia. Wire was drawn in England from the medieval period. The wire was used to make wool cards and pins, manufactured goods whose import was prohibited by Edward IV in 1463. The first wire mill in Great Britain was established at Tintern in about 1568 by the founders of the Company of Mineral and Battery Works, who had a monopoly on this. Apart from their second wire mill at nearby Whitebrook, there were no other wire mills before the second half of the 17th century. Despite the existence of mills, the drawing of wire down to fine sizes continued to be done manually.
Wire is usually drawn of cylindrical form; but it may be made of any desired section by varying the outline of the holes in the draw-plate through which it is passed in the process of manufacture. The drawplate or die is a piece of hard cast-iron or hard steel, or for fine work it may be a diamond or a ruby. The object of utilising precious stones is to enable the dies to be used for a considerable period without losing their size, and so producing wire of incorrect diameter. Diamond dies must be rebored when they have lost their original diameter of hole, but the metal dies are brought down to size again by hammering up the hole and then drifting it out to correct diameter with a punch Wire has many uses. It forms the raw material of many important manufacturers, such as the wire-net industry, wire-cloth making and wire-rope spinning, in which it occupies a place analogous to a textile fiber. Wire-cloth of all degrees of strength and fineness of mesh is used for sifting and screening machinery, for draining paper pulp, for window screens, and for many other purposes. Vast quantities of aluminium, copper, nickel and steel wire are employed for telephone and data wires and cables, and as conductors inelectric power transmission, and heating. It is in no less demand for fencing, and much is consumed in the construction of suspension bridges, and cages, etc. In the manufacture of stringed musical instruments and scientific instruments wire is again largely used. Among its other sources of consumption it is sufficient to mention pin and hair-pin making, the needle and fish-hook industries, nail, peg and rivet making, and carding machinery; indeed there are few industries into which it does not enter.
Not all metals and metallic alloys possess the physical properties necessary to make useful wire. The metals must in the first place be ductile and strong in tension, the quality on which the utility of wire principally depends. The metals suitable for wire, possessing almost equal ductility, are platinum, silver, iron, copper, aluminium andgold; and it is only from these and certain of their alloys with other metals, principally brass and bronze, that wire is prepared. By careful treatment extremely thin wire can be produced. Special purpose wire is however made from other metals (e.g. tungsten wire for light bulb and vacuum tube filaments, because of its high melting temperature). Copper wires are also plated with other metals, such as tin, nickel, and silver to handle different temperatures, provide lubrication, provide easier stripping of rubber from copper. Electrical wires are usually covered with insulating materials, such as plastic, rubber-like polymers, or varnish. Insulating and jacketing of wires and cables is nowadays done by passing them through an extruder. Formerly, materials used for insulation included treated cloth or paper, and various oil-based products. Since the mid-1960s, plastic and polymers exhibiting properties similar to rubber have predominated. Two or more wires may be wrapped concentrically, separated by insulation, to form coaxial cable. The wire or cable may be further protected with substances like paraffin, some kind of preservative compound, bitumen, lead, or aluminium sheathing, or steel taping. Stranding or covering machines wind material onto wire which passes through quickly. Some of the smallest machines for cotton covering have a large drum, which grips the wire and moves it through toothed gears; the wire passes through the centre of disks mounted above a long bed, and the disks carry each a number of bobbins varying from six to twelve or more in different machines. A supply of covering material is wound on each bobbin, and the end is led on to the wire, which occupies a central position relatively to the bobbins; the latter being revolved at a suitable speed bodily with their disks, the cotton is consequently served on to the wire, winding in spiral fashion so as to overlap. If a large number of strands are required the disks are duplicated, so that as many as sixty spools may be carried, the second set of strands being laid over the first.
For heavier cables, used for electric light and power, and submarine cables, the machines are somewhat different in construction. The wire is still carried through a hollow shaft, but the bobbins or spools of covering material are set with their spindles at right angles to the axis of the wire, and they lie in a circular cage which rotates on rollers below. The various strands coming from the spools at various parts of the circumference of the cage all lead to a disk at the end of the hollow shaft. This disk has perforations through which each of the strands pass, thence being immediately wrapped on the cable, which slides through a bearing at this point. Toothed gears having certain definite ratios are used to cause the winding drum for the cable and the cage for the spools to rotate at suitable relative speeds which do not vary. The cages are multiplied for stranding with a large number of tapes or strands, so that a machine may have six bobbins on one cage and twelve on the other. Stranded wire is more flexible than solid wire of the same total crosssectional area. Solid wire is cheaper to manufacture than stranded wire and is used where there is little need for flexibility in the wire. Solid wire also provides mechanical ruggedness; and, because it has relatively less surface area which is exposed to attack by corrosives, protection against the environment. Stranded wire is used whenever ease of bending or repeated bending are required. Such situations include connections between circuit boards in multi-printed-circuit-board devices, where the rigidity of solid wire would produce too much stress as a result of movement during assembly or servicing; A.C. line cords for appliances; musical instrument cables; computer mouse cables; welding electrode cables; control cables connecting moving machine parts; mining machine cables; trailing machine cables; and numerous others.
Study from Gaudi
Gaudi’s city
CASA VICENS (1883-1888)
LA SAGRADA FAMILIA (1882?)
Gaudi’s work
PALAU GUELL (1886-1889) PARK GUELL
(1900-1914)
CASA BATLLO
(1904-1906)
CASA MILA
(1906-1912)
LA COLONIA GUELL (1908-1917)
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Gaudi’s spirit of Architecture
He was a Spanish architect who worked during the Modernisme (Art Nouveau) period but became famous for his unique and highly individualistic designs regarded as beyond the scope of Modernisme Antoni Gaudíwas born in the province of Tarragona in southern Catalonia, Spain on 25 June 1852. While there is some dispute as to his birthplace – official documents state that he was born in the town of Reus, whereas others claim he was born in Riudoms, a small village 3 miles (5 km) from Reus, – it is certain that he was baptized in Reus a day after his birth. The artist's parents, Francesc GaudíSerra and Antònia Cornet Bertran, both came from families of coppersmiths. During his youth, Gaudísuffered many times from the rheumatic fevers that were common at the time. This illness caused him to spend much time in isolation, and it also allowed him to spend lots of time alone with nature. It was this exposure to nature at an early age which is thought to have inspired him to incorporate natural shapes and themes into his later work
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Gaudíwas a devout Catholic, to the point that in his later years he abandoned secular work and devoted his life to Catholicism and his Sagrada Família. He designed it to have 18 towers, 12 for the 12 apostles, 4 for the 4 evangelists, one for Mary and one for Jesus. One of his closest family members – his niece Rosa Egea – died in 1912, only to be followed by a "faithful collaborator", Francesc Berenguer Mestres, two years later. After these tragedies, Barcelona fell on hard times economically. The construction of La Sagrada Família slowed; the construction of La Colonia Güell ceased altogether. Four years later in 1918, Eusebi Güell, his patron, died.Perhaps it was because of this unfortunate sequence of events that Gaudíchanged. He became reluctant to talk with reporters or have his picture taken and solely concentrated on his masterpiece, La Sagrada Família.He spent the last few years of his life living in the crypt of the "Sagrada Familia". On 7 June 1926 Gaudíwas hit by a tram. Because of his ragged attire and empty pockets, many cab drivers refused to pick him up for fear that he would be unable to pay the fare. He was eventually taken to a paupers' hospital in Barcelona. Nobody recognized the injured artist until his friends found him the next day. When they tried to move him into a nicer hospital, Gaudírefused, reportedly saying "I belong here among the poor." He died three days later on 10 June 1926, at age 73, and was interred at La Sagrada Família.
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Although Gaudíwas constantly changing his mind and recreating his blueprints, the only existing copy of his last recorded blueprints was destroyed by the anarchists in 1938 during the Spanish Civil War — complicating the completion of his design. Completion of the Sagrada Familía is planned for 2026, the centennial of Gaudí's death, with controversy over the proposed route of a high-speed rail tunnel passing approximately thirty meters below its site. Supporters of the tunnel point to many successful tunneling projects under city centers. Detractors cite a metro tunnel in Barcelona’s Carmel district that collapsed and destroyed an entire city block on February 1, 2005. The route passes near some of Gaudí's other works, Casa Batlló and Casa Milà, although deep underground. In November 2010 Pope Benedict XVI consecrated Sagrada Familia and the interior of the church is open and accessible giving a spectacular view of the expansive forest like interior. The use of external light through the stain glass windows and the 'Glory of God' window in the roof is ever changing and dynamic. The elevators that take you up to the various viewing points in the spires give access to a multitude of view points that provide unique vistas of the Cathedral and Barcelona.
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Artistic style Gaudí's first works were designed in the style of gothic architecture and traditional Catalan architectural modes, but he soon developed his own distinct sculptural style. French architect Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, who promoted an evolved form of gothic architecture, proved a major influence on Gaudí. The student went on to contrive highly original designs – irregular and fantastically intricate. Some of his greatest works, most notably La Sagrada Família, have an almost hallucinatory power. He once said on the subject of gothic architecture: Gothic art is imperfect, it means to solve; it is the style of the compass, the formula of industrial repetition. Its stability is based on the permanent propping of abutments: it is a defective body that holds with support... gothic works produce maximum emotion when they are mutilated, covered with ivy and illuminated by the moon.
The same expressive power of Gaudí's monumental works exists in his oddly graceful chairs and tables. Gaudí's architecture is a total integration of materials, processes and poetics. His approach to furniture design exceeded structural expression and continued with the overall architectural idea
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Interests
GaudĂ, throughout his life, studied nature's angles and curves and incorporated them into his designs and mosaics. Instead of relying on geometric shapes, he mimicked the way men stand upright. The hyperboloids and paraboloids he borrowed from nature were easily reinforced by steel rods and allowed his designs to resemble elements from the environment. GaudĂwas so inspired by nature, he says, because:
Those who look for the laws of Nature as a support for their new works collaborate with the Creator. Because of his rheumatism, the artist observed a strict vegetarian diet, used homeopathic drug therapy, underwent water therapy, and hiked regularly. Long walks, besides suppressing his rheumatism, further allowed him to experience nature.
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Social and political influences The opportunities afforded by Catalonia's socioeconomic and political influences were endless. Catalans such as Antoni Gaudíoften showcased the country's diverse art techniques in their works. By mimicking nature, such artists symbolically pushed back the ever-increasing industrial society.
Gaudí, among others, promoted the Catalan movement for regaining sovereignty from Spain by incorporating elements of Catalan culture in his designs.Gaudíwas involved in politics since he supported the Catalanist political party Regionalist League. For example, in 1924 Spanish authorities (ruled by the dictator Primo de Rivera) closed Barcelona's churches in order to prevent a nationalist celebration (11 September, National Day of Catalonia), Gaudíattended to Saints Justus and Pastor's church and was arrested by the Spanish police for answering in Catalan.
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In popular culture The Alan Parsons Project released Gaudi, an album based on the life of Antoni Gaudí, in 1987. Eric Woolfson in 1993 re-engineered the album as a musical, Gaudi. U.S. ambient musician Robert Rich released an album, also named Gaudí, in 1991. In the Barcelona level of the game Tony Hawk's Underground, a miniaturized Park Guell is present, containing the famous mosaic dragon and bench. The player can skate off the head of the dragon as a gap. Mentioned in an episode of How I Met Your Mother by main character Ted Mosby in an architecture class about La Sagrada Familia.
Popularity and legacy Gaudí's originality was at first ridiculed by his peers. Indeed, he was first only supported by the rich industrialist Eusebi Güell. His fellow citizens referred to the Casa Milà as La Pedrera ("the quarry"), and George Orwell, who stayed in Barcelona during the Spanish Civil War, admittedly loathed his work. As time passed, though, his work became more famous. He stands as one of history's most original architects.
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Study from Project
By Steven MA
From the project last semester,got the method to create architecture with the component developing process.From the inspiration from last semester’s project and Excessive STUDIO (by Steven MA),and the STUDIO Greg Lynn,try to create a skyscraper(beach hotel) in Barcelona.
First of all, I will reseach the city of Barcelona and Gaudi’s theory of architecture during the break and build the 3D model of the site.And from the research of the demand of the city ,why barcelona has so few skyscraper, and the necessity of the project.Then Analysis the site,(shadows,etc.) The idea of the project is to follow the Gaudi’s theory ,find the most wanted of the citizan of Barcelona. VIEW will be my startpoint of the design,the view from different orientations and different floors to each urbanspot of the city part around.Scripting it,(Rhino scripting or processing,or maya fluid) to get a basic form of the building, then though the research of the SOLAR ANALISIS from Ecotect,and the WIND ANALYSIS from FLUENT,develop the form of the building Then from that basic form ,use the knowledge from last semester to refine the project,AND, the function of the HOTEL will be Considered during the whole design process
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Design Method inspiration
Via “Excessive”_Steven MA
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SITE
The site located in Barcelona,between Parc Esportiu de la Mar Bella and Avirguda Litoral. The south side is the beach,with a habor in.The whole site is face to the sea,have quite nice view ,and northeast side is a soccer field.Near Passeig de Calvell.Around the site is a park (Parc del Poble Nou). The project will design as a HOTEL.
References -Body Matters, Greg lynn -Lace, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lace -Lunar outpost, New Orleans Louisianna, http://www.suckerpunchdaily.com/2010/07/05/2040-lunar-outpost-a/ - Edgar street towers, NY, http://www.suckerpunchdaily.com/2010/06/14/edgar-street-towers/ -Mixed use High-Rise tower W52.st NY , http://www.williamweckenmann.com/
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