B science 2 project 2 report by zijianmesasuredrawing

Building Science 2 Project 2 Integration Sentul Community Library Final Report & Calculation

Turot: Mr.Edwin Tan Zi Jian 0318291

Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................. 3 1.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Project Description .................................................................................................. 3

2.0 Lighting .................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Daylighting (Terrace Reading Room) ........................................................................ 4 2.2 Daylighting (Story Telling Room) .............................................................................. 7 2.3 Artificial Lighting (Quite Reading Room) ................................................................ 10 2.4 Artificial Lighting (E-space)..................................................................................... 13 2.5 PSALI (Terrace Reading Room) ............................................................................... 16 2.6 PSALI (Story Telling Room) ..................................................................................... 20

3.0 Acoustic ................................................................................................. 24 3.1 Noise Criteria of Each Space ................................................................................... 24 3.2 External Noise Sound Pressure Level (Quite Reading Room) ................................... 27 3.3 External Noise Sound Pressure (Open Cafeteria) .................................................... 30 3.4 Reverberation Time, RT (E-space) .......................................................................... 33 3.5 Reverberation Time, RT (Admin Office) .................................................................. 36 3.6 Transmission loss (Multifunction Room) ................................................................ 39 3.7 Transmission loss (Library Collection Room)........................................................... 41

4.0 Reference ............................................................................................... 43

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1Objectives This project aims to integrate the understanding of lighting and acoustic principles in the context of the Design Studio 5 final design. It enables student to solve the design problems in relation to sustainability issues (natural lighting, site analysis). Student must design spaces that incorporate lighting and acoustic, thus, it encompasses advanced day lighting systems and the integration of electrical lighting, strategies for noise management and room acoustics.

1.2Project Description A large amount of people are walking around the site during the day but the ambient presented is dead. The site itself is calling out of a space to pull the people together. Therefore, a community library designed in this context must evolve to a new stage that require more community spaces and activities. This community library is inviting and attracting people to gather at a same space, increasing the chance of interaction within themselves and the site context to achieve the goal of making the site more happening by strengthening the bond within the people on site.

2.0 Lighting 2.1Daylighting (Terrace Reading Room) According to MS 1525, Daylight Factor distribution as below: Daylight Factor, DF DF, % >6 3-6 1-3 0

Distribution Very bright with thermal & glare problem Bright Average Dark

The selected area, terrace reading area has a double volume height of 5.9m and a big window which allow a large amount of light penetration is applied in this room. Due to this space is highly exposed to daylight, artificial lighting is only required during night time.

Daylight Factor Calculation Floor Area Area of façade that exposed to sunlight Area of skylight Exposed façade & Skylight Area to Floor Area Ration/ Daylight, DF

5.7m x 11.6m = 66.12m² 3.9m x 11.1m = 43.29m² 0 (Area of façade that exposed to sunlight + Area of skylight)/ Floor Area = (43.29m² + 0m²) / 66.12m² x 100% = 6.5% Daylight Factor = 6.5%

Natural Illumination Calculation Illuminance 120,000 lux 110,000 lux 20,000 lux 1000-2000 lux <200 lux 400 lux 40 lux <1 lux

Example Brightest sunlight Bright sunlight Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky Typical overcast day, midday Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday Sunrise or sunset on clear day Fully overcast, sunset/ sunrise Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset/ sunrise

E external = 20000 lux Df

= E internal/ E external x 100

6.5

= E internal/ 20000 x 100

E internal = 6.5 x 20000/ 100 = 1300 lux

Daylight Contour Diagram

Time Orientation Daylight Factor Daylighting Levels

12.00 p.m. North-East 0 – 6.5% 0 – 500 lux

Conclusion From daylight factor and natural illumination calculation, the terrace reading area is known to have a daylight factor of 6.5% and natural illumination od 1300 lux when daylight first enter this room through the windows without any shading devices. This will result in a serious thermal and glare problem. However, the light contour diagram generated (by Autodesk ECOtect software) has proven that with the aid of sun hood, the maximum lighting level is lowered down to 500 lux in the area close to the window. The daylight factor has gradually become a minimum value of 3.90% and the minimum lighting level in the area far away from the window is 300lux which exactly falls within the recommended illumination level of a reading area – 300-500lux.

2.2 Daylighting (Story Telling Room) According to MS 1525, Daylight Factor distribution as below: Daylight Factor, DF DF, % Distribution >6 Very bright with thermal & glare problem 3-6 Bright 1-3 Average 0 Dark The selected area, terrace reading area has a double volume height of 3.5m and a big window which allow a large amount of light penetration is applied in this room. Due to this space is highly exposed to daylight, artificial lighting is only required during night time.

Daylight Factor Calculation Floor Area Area of façade that exposed to sunlight Area of skylight Exposed façade & Skylight Area to Floor Area Ration/ Daylight, DF

4.8m x 5m =24m² (2m+ 2.9m + 2.9m) x 1.5m = 11.7m² 0 (Area of façade that exposed to sunlight + Area of skylight)/ Floor Area = (24m² + 0m²) / 11.7m² x 100% = 20.5% Daylight Factor = 20.5%

Natural Illumination Calculation Illuminance 120,000 lux 110,000 lux 20,000 lux 1000-2000 lux <200 lux 400 lux 40 lux <1 lux

E external = 20000 lux DF

= E internal/ E external x 100

20.5% = E internal/ 20000 x 100 E internal = 20.5 x 20000/ 100 = 4100 lux

Daylight Contour Diagram

Time Orientation Daylight Factor Daylighting Levels

12.00 p.m. North-East 0 – 5.2% 0 – 500 lux

Conclusion From daylight factor and natural illumination calculation, the story telling area is known to have a daylight factor of 20.5% and natural illumination od 4100 lux when daylight first enter this room through the windows without any shading devices. This will result in a serious thermal and glare problem. However, the light contour diagram generated (by Autodesk ECOtect software) has proven that with the shading effect provided by the green façade and the upper floor slab, the maximum lighting level is lowered down to 500 lux in the area close to the window. The daylight factor has gradually change decrease from 5.2% to a minimum value of 3.12% and the minimum lighting level in the area far away from the window is 300lux which exactly falls within the recommended illumination level of a teaching area – 300-500lux.

2.3 Artificial Lighting (Quite Reading Room)

According to MS1525, the minimum lighting level required for a computer room is 200 lux. Type of luminaire used as showed below: Type of fixture Type of light bulb

LED Downlight

Material of fixture Product Brand & Code Nominal life (hours) Wattage Range (W) CRI Colour Temperature, K Colour Designation Lumens

Aluminium ST422B 50,000 40 80 3000 Warm White 5000 10

Room Illumination Level

General Building Areas Reading Area Computer Rooms Teaching/ Story Telling Area

IES Standards Illumination Level (MS 1525) 300 300 300

MS 1525 Recommendation 300-500 300-400 300

Lumen Method Calculation Location Dimension

Floor Area (A) Lumen of lighting fixture F (Lux) Height of Luminaire (m) Mounting height (Hm) Reflection Factors

Room Index/ RI (K)

Utilisation Factor (UF) Maintenance Factor (MF) Standard Illuminance by MS1525 Number of light required

Spacing to Height Ratio

Fitting Layout by approximately (m)

Reference Collection room Width = 9.25m Length = 11.2m Height = 5.3m 9.25m x 11.2m = 103.6mÂ˛ 5000 Lm 4.8m 4.6m Ceiling: (0.7) Wall: (0.5) Floor: (0.2) 9.25 x 11.2 . (9.25 + 11.2) x 4.6 = 1.10 0.5 0.8 300 N= ExA . F x UF x MF N= 300 x 103.6 . 5000 x 0.5 x 0.8 N = 15.54 N = 16 SHR = 1/Hm x A/N = 1/ 2.8 x 103.6/16 = 0.91 S = 2.8 x 0.91 = 2.55m Fittings required along 11.2wall 9.25/ 2.55 = 3.63 =4 rows Therefore 4 x 4 layout is appropriate for the room Space along 11.2m wall will be 11.2/ 4 = 2.8m 11

Electrical Lighting Diagram

According to MS1525 (Lux Level â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Room Illumination Level), a reading area should have an illumination level of 300 lux. Within the sufficient level of illumination and evenly spread of the light, the user can read inside the space comfortably with the aid of 16 LED Downlight arranged in the layout of 4x4 grid.

2.4 Artificial Lighting (E-space)

According to MS1525, the minimum lighting level required for a computer room is 200 lux. Type of luminaire used as showed below: Type of fixture Type of light bulb

Compact Fluorescent Light

Material of fixture Product Brand & Code Nominal life (hours) Wattage Range (W) CRI Colour Temperature, K Colour Designation Lumens

Alzo 45 RE80 8000 45 91 5500 Pure White 2750 13

Room Illumination Level

General Building Areas Reading Area Computer Rooms Teaching/ Story Telling Area

IES Standards Illumination Level (MS 1525) 300 300 300

MS 1525 Recommendation 300-500 300-400 300

Lumen Method Calculation Location Dimension

Floor Area (A) Lumen of lighting fixture F (Lux) Height of Luminaire (m) Mounting height (Hm) Reflection Factors

Room Index/ RI (K)

Utilisation Factor (UF) Maintenance Factor (MF) Standard Illuminance by MS1525 Number of light required

Spacing to Height Ratio

Fitting Layout by approximately (m)

Reference Collection room Width = 4.8m Length = 12m Height = 4m 4.8m x 12m = 57.6mÂ˛ 2750 3.5m 3.2m Ceiling: (0.7) Wall: (0.5) Floor: (0.2) 4.8 x 12 . (4.8 + 12) x 3.2 = 1.07 0.5 0.8 300 N= ExA . F x UF x MF N= 300 x 57.6 . 2750 x 0.5 x 0.8 N = 15.71 N = 16 SHR = 1/Hm x A/N = 1/ 3.2 x 57.6/16 = 0.59 S = 3.2 x 0.59 = 1.89m Fittings required along 12m wall 4.8/1.89 = 2.53 = 3 rows Therefore 6x3 layout is appropriate for the room Space along 12m wall will be 12/ 6 = 2m

Electrical Lighting Diagram

According to MS1525 (Lux Level â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Room Illumination Level), a computer training area should have an illumination level of 300 lux. Within the sufficient level of illumination and evenly spread of the light, the user can read inside the space comfortably with the aid of 18 Compact Fluorescent Light arranged in the layout of 6x3 grid. 15

2.5 PSALI (Terrace Reading Room)

According to MS1525, the minimum lighting level required for a computer room is 200 lux. Type of luminaire used as showed below: Type of fixture Type of light bulb

LED Downlight

Material of fixture Product Brand & Code Nominal life (hours) Wattage Range (W) CRI Colour Temperature, K Colour Designation Lumens

Aluminium ST422B 50,000 40 80 3000 Warm White 5000 16

Room Illumination Level

General Building Areas Reading Area Computer Rooms Teaching/ Story Telling Area

IES Standards Illumination Level (MS 1525) 300 300 300

MS 1525 Recommendation 300-500 300-400 300

Lumen Method Calculation Location Dimension

Floor Area (A) Lumen of lighting fixture F (Lux) Height of Luminaire (m) Mounting height (Hm) Reflection Factors

Room Index/ RI (K)

Utilisation Factor (UF) Maintenance Factor (MF) Standard Illuminance by MS1525 Number of light required

Spacing to Height Ratio

Fitting Layout by approximately (m)

Reference Collection room Width = 11.6m Length = 5.7m Height = 5.7m 11.6m x 5.7m = 66.12mÂ˛ 5000 Lm 5.2m 4.4m Ceiling: (0.7) Wall: (0.5) Floor: (0.2) 11.6 x 5.7 . (11.6 + 5.7) x 4.4 = 0.87 0.5 0.8 300 N= ExA . F x UF x MF N= 300 x 66.12 . 5000 x 0.5 x 0.8 N = 9.918 N = 10 SHR = 1/Hm x A/N = 1/ 2.8 x 66.12/10 = 0.92 S = 4.4 x 0.92 = 4.05m Fittings required along 5.7wall 5.7m/4.05m = 1.41 = 2rows Therefore 5 x 2 layout is appropriate for the room Space along 11.6m wall will be 11.6/ 5 = 2.32m 17

Electrical Lighting Diagram

According to MS1525 (Lux Level – Room Illumination Level), a reading area should have an illumination level of 300 lux. Within the sufficient level of illumination and evenly spread of the light, the user can read inside the space comfortably with the aid of 10 LED Downlight arranged in the layout of 5x2 grid.

Daylight Contour Diagram

Time Orientation Daylight Factor Daylighting Levels

12.00 p.m. North-East 0 – 6.5% 0 – 500 lux

The light contour diagram of terrace reading area is showing that this space is separated into two zone of daylight level. Therefore the circuit should be apply according to daylight contour diagram as shown below in order to reduce energy wastage.

Light fittings Distribution Diagram

2.6 PSALI (Story Telling Room)

According to MS1525, the minimum lighting level required for a computer room is 200 lux. Type of luminaire used as showed below: Type of fixture Type of light bulb

Compact Fluorescent Light

Material of fixture Product Brand & Code Nominal life (hours) Wattage Range (W) CRI Colour Temperature, K Colour Designation Lumens

Alzo 45 RE80 8000 45 91 5500 Pure White 2750 20

Room Illumination Level

General Building Areas Reading Area Computer Rooms Teaching/ Story Telling Area

IES Standards Illumination Level (MS 1525) 300 300 300

MS 1525 Recommendation 300-500 300-400 300

Lumen Method Calculation Location Dimension

Floor Area (A) Lumen of lighting fixture F (Lux) Height of Luminaire (m) Mounting height (Hm) Reflection Factors

Room Index/ RI (K)

Utilisation Factor (UF) Maintenance Factor (MF) Standard Illuminance by MS1525 Number of light required

Spacing to Height Ratio

Fitting Layout by approximately (m)

Reference Collection room Width = 4.8m Length = 5m Height = 3.2m 4.8m x 5m = 24mÂ˛ 2750 2.95m 2.8m Ceiling: (0.7) Wall: (0.5) Floor: (0.2) 4.8 x 5 . (4.8 + 5) x 3.8 = 0.64 0.5 0.8 300 N= ExA . F x UF x MF N= 300 x 24 . 2750 x 0.5 x 0.8 N = 6.54 N=7 SHR = 1/Hm x A/N = 1/ 2.8 x 24/7 = 0.66 S = 3.2 x 0.66 = 2.11m Fittings required along 12m wall 4.8/2.11 = 2.27 = 3 rows Therefore 3x3 layout is appropriate for the room Space along 5 m wall will be 5/3 = 1.67m

Electrical Lighting Diagram

According to MS1525 (Lux Level – Room Illumination Level), a reading area should have an illumination level of 300 lux. Within the sufficient level of illumination and evenly spread of the light, the user can read inside the space comfortably with the aid of 9 Compact Fluorescent Light arranged in the layout of 3x3 grid.

Daylight Contour Diagram

Time Orientation Daylight Factor Daylighting Levels

12.00 p.m. North-East 0 – 5.2% 0 – 500 lux

3.0 Acoustic 3.1 Noise Criteria of each space

NC: 50 NC: 60

NC: 40

NC: 40 NC: 50

NC: 40

Outdoor noise: 80

NC: 40

NC: 40 NC: 35

NC: 35

NC: 35 NC: 35 NC: 35

NC: 30 NC: 35 NC: 35

NC: 30

NC: 35

Outdoor noise level: 65dB

NC: 30

3.2 External Noise Sound Pressure Level (Quite Reading Room)

NC: 30

i) Peak Hour (Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah) Highest reading: 60 dB Use the formula, L = 10 log(I/Io) 60 = 10 log(I/1x10−12) I = (106)(1x10−12) = 1x10−6

Lowest reading: 54 dB Use the formula, L = 10 log(I/Io) 54 = 10 log(I/1x10−12) I = (105.4)(1x10−12) = 2.51 x 10−7

Total Intensities, I = (1x10−6) + (2.51x10−7) = 1.25 x10−6

Using the formula Combined SPL = 10log (P2/Po2), where Po = 1x10−12 Combined SPL = 10log [(1.25 x10−6)/(1x10−12)] = 60.97 dB

i) Non-peak Hour (Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah) Highest reading: 43 dB Use the formula, L = 10 log(I/Io) 43 = 10 log(I/1x10−12) I = (104.3)(1x10−12) = 2x10−8

Lowest reading: 30dB Use the formula, L = 10 log(I/Io) 30 = 10 log(I/1x10−12) I = (103) (1x10−12) = 1 x 10−9

Total Intensities, I = (2x10−8) + (1x10−9) = 2.1 x10−8

Using the formula Combined SPL = 10log (P2/Po2), where Po = 1x10−12 Combined SPL = 10log [(2.1 x10−8)/(1x10−12)] = 43.22 dB

As a result. At Quiet Reading Room the average sound pressure level during Peak Hour and Non-peak Hour are 60.97dB and 43.22dB. The difference of sound pressure level between Peak Hour and Non-Peak Hour is 17.75dB.

However, according to the Acoustic Standard ANSI, a library quite reading room is required to have an acoustic tolerance level of between 30dB to 35dB. The combined SPL of external noises of the selected room does not lies within the recommended acoustic noise level range.

Hence, here are some solution provided to tackle this problem:

i) ii) iii) iv)

Quite reading room is located at the top floor to minimize the noise coming from the main road (Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah) in front of the building. Public activities and program are located at the lower floors, private and spaces which are more quite are located at the upper floors. Large amount of trees are planted inside of the building in order to filter the noise created from the lower floors. The most efficient and direct way to solve the acoustic problem is to apply the acoustic tile in the library to lower down the acoustic value of the quite reading room to the optimum standard.

3.3 External Noise Sound Pressure Level (Open Cafeteria)

NC: 50

i) Peak Hour Highest reading: 65 dB Use the formula, L = 10 log(I/Io) 65 = 10 log(I/1x10−12) I = (106.5)(1x10−12) = 3.16x10−6

Lowest reading: 54dB Use the formula, L = 10 log(I/Io) 54 = 10 log(I/1x10−12) I = (105.4)(1x10−12) = 2.51 x 10−7

Total Intensities, I = (3.16x10−6) + (2.51x10−7) = 3.411 x10−6

Using the formula Combined SPL = 10log (P2/Po2), where Po = 1x10−12 Combined SPL = 10log [(3.411 x10−6)/(1x10−12)] = 65.32 dB

i) Non-peak Hour Highest reading: 45 dB Use the formula, L = 10 log(I/Io) 45 = 10 log(I/1x10−12) I = (104.5)(1x10−12) = 3.16x10−8 Lowest reading: 37 dB 31

Use the formula, L = 10 log(I/Io) 37 = 10 log(I/1x10−12) I = (103.7) (1x10−12) = 5.01 x 10−9

Total Intensities, I = (3.16x10−8) + (5.01x10−9) = 3.67 x10−8

Using the formula Combined SPL = 10log (P2/Po2), where Po = 1x10−12 Combined SPL = 10log [(3.67 x10−8)/(1x10−12)] = 45.65 dB

As a result. At Quiet Reading Room the average sound pressure level during Peak Hour and Non-peak Hour are 65.32dB and 45.65dB. The difference of sound pressure level between Peak Hour and Non-Peak Hour is 19.67dB.

However, according to the Acoustic Standard ANSI, an open cafeteria is required to have an acoustic tolerance level of between 50dB to 55dB. The combined SPL of external noises of the selected area during peak hour does not lies within the recommended acoustic noise level range.

Hence, here are some solution provided to tackle this problem:

i) ii)

The cafeteria is located just next to the courtyard to maximize the benefit of trees filtering the sound. Make use of the acceptable masking sound created by the fans in the surrounding spaces to fade the noise

3.4 Reverberation Time, RT (E-space)

NC: 35

Absorption Coefficient (Acoustic) Building Material Component Window Glass Wall Brick wall Floor Carpet on Concrete Door Plywood Ceiling Plaster Finish Furniture Timber table with glass top People (peak) Acoustic Fiberglass Ceiling Tiles Curtain Fabric

125Hz 250Hz 500Hz

1000Hz

2000Hz 4000Hz

0.35 0.01 0.10

0.25 0.01 0.15

0.18 0.02 0.25

0.12 0.02 0.30

0.07 0.02 0.30

0.04 0.03 0.30

0.30 0.013 0.01

0.25 0.015 0.03

0.17 0.02 0.04

0.10 0.03 0.04

0.10 0.04 0.05

0.07 0.05 0.06

0.25

0.35

0.46

0.5

0.56

0.05

0.22

0.52

0.56

0.45

0.32

0.60

0.74

0.88

0.96

0.93

0.85 33

Space volume, V = 4.8m x 12m x 3.2m = 184.32m3 Material absorption coefficient in 500 Hz with 16 people in this room Building Component Window

Material

Area, S/ m²

Glass

Wall

Brick wall

Floor Door

Carpet on Concrete Plywood

Ceiling

Plaster Finish

0.95m x 3.2m = 3.04m² (4.8m +4.8m +12m +12m) x 3.2m – (3.23 m² + 0.9m x 2.1m) = 102.4m² 4.8m x 12m = 57.6m² .9m x 2.1m =1.89m² 4.8m x 12m = 57.6m² 16

Furniture

Timber table with glass top People (peak) Total Absorption, A

Absorption Coefficient, a 0.18

Sound Absorption, Sa 0.55

0.02

2.05

0.25

14.4

0.17

0.32

0.02

1.15

0.04

0.64

0.46

7.36 26.47

Reverberation Time = (0.16V/A) = (0.16 x 184.32) / 26.47 = 1.11s

The reverberation time for E-space at 500Hz is 1.11s. This is too high for an E-space which normally required a reverberation time of 0.8s.

Material absorption coefficient in 500 Hz with 16 people in this room (Addition=Acoustic Ceiling Tiles)

Building Component Window

Material

Area, S/ m²

Glass

Wall

Brick wall

Floor Door

Carpet on Concrete Plywood

Ceiling

Plaster Finish

0.95m x 3.2m = 3.23m² (4.8m +4.8m +12m +12m) x 3.2m – (3.23 m² + 0.9m x 2.1m) = 102.4m² 4.8m x 12m = 57.6m² .9m x 2.1m =1.89m² 4.8m x 12m– 20.67m² = 36.93 m² 16

Furniture

Timber table with glass top People (peak) Acoustic Ceiling fiberglass Tiles Total Absorption, A

16 20.67 m²

Absorption Coefficient, a 0.18

Sound Absorption, Sa 0.55

0.02

2.05

0.25

14.4

0.17

0.32

0.02

0.74

0.04

0.64

0.46 0.52

7.36 10.75 36.81

Reverberation Time = (0.16V/A) = (0.16 x 184.32) / 36.81 = 0.8s

With the aid of 20.67m² fiberglass ceiling tiles, the selected room (E-space) is able to achieve the standard required for the reverberation time which is 0.8s.

3.5 Reverberation Time, RT (admin office)

NC: 35

125Hz 250Hz 500Hz

1000Hz

2000Hz 4000Hz

0.35 0.01 0.10

0.25 0.01 0.15

0.18 0.02 0.25

0.12 0.02 0.30

0.07 0.02 0.30

0.04 0.03 0.30

0.30 0.013 0.01

0.25 0.015 0.03

0.17 0.02 0.04

0.10 0.03 0.04

0.10 0.04 0.05

0.07 0.05 0.06

0.25

0.35

0.46

0.5

0.56

0.05

0.22

0.52

0.56

0.45

0.32

0.60

0.74

0.88

0.96

0.93

0.85 36

Space volume, V = 4.8m x 6.2m x 2.8m = 83.33m3 Material absorption coefficient in 500 Hz with 5 people in this room Building Component Window

Material

Area, S/ m²

Glass

Wall

Brick wall

Floor Door

Carpet on Concrete Plywood

Ceiling

Plaster Finish

3m x 1.9m = 5.7m² (4.8m +4.8m +6.2m +6.2m) x 2.8 m – (5.7m² + 0.9m x 2.1m) = 54.01m² 4.8m x 6.2m = 29.76m² .9m x 2.1m =1.89m² 4.8m x 6.2m = 29.76m² 2

Furniture

Timber table with glass top People (peak) Total Absorption, A

Absorption Coefficient, a 0.18

Sound Absorption, Sa 1.03

0.02

1.08

0.25

7.44

0.17

0.32

0.02

0.60

0.04

0.08

0.46

2.3 12.85

Reverberation Time = (0.16V/A) = (0.16 x 83.33) / 12.85 = 1.03s

The reverberation time for admin office at 500Hz is 1.03s. This is too high for an E-space which normally required a reverberation time of 0.8s. However, due to the size of the admin office, it is hard to apply acoustic panels which will destroy the interior aesthetic value. Therefore, drapery curtains are used in this case to reduce the reverberation time.

Material absorption coefficient in 500 Hz with 5 people in this room (Addition: Drapery Fabric) Building Component Window

Material

Area, S/ m²

Glass

Drapery Curtain Wall

Fabric

Floor Door

Carpet on Concrete Plywood

Ceiling

Plaster Finish

3m x 1.9m = 5.7m² 3m x 1.9m = 5.7m² (4.8m +4.8m +6.2m +6.2m) x 2.8 m – (5.7m² + 0.9m x 2.1m) = 54.01m² 4.8m x 6.2m = 29.76m² .9m x 2.1m =1.89m² 4.8m x 6.2m = 29.76m² 2

Brick wall

Furniture

Timber table with glass top People (peak) Total Absorption, A

Absorption Coefficient, a 0.18

Sound Absorption, Sa 1.03

0.88

5.02

0.02

1.08

0.25

7.44

0.17

0.32

0.02

0.60

0.04

0.08

0.46

2.3 17.87

Reverberation Time = (0.16V/A) = (0.16 x 83.33) / 17.87 = 0.75s

With the aid of 20.67m² fiberglass ceiling tiles, the selected room (E-space) is able to achieve the standard required for the reverberation time which is 0.8s.

3.6 Transmission loss (multifunction room)

NC: 35dB Noise level: 60dB

Building Element Wall Window Door

Material Brick Glass Plywood

Surface Area (m²) 55.85 6.09 1.9

SRI (dB) 45 26 31

Transmission Coefficient, T 3.16 x 10-5 2.51 x 10-3 7.94 x 10-4

A) Wall – Brick SRI brick = 10log 1/ T brick 45 = 10log 1/ T brick T brick = 3.16 x 10-5

B) Window – Glass SRI glass = 10log 1/ T glass 26 = 10log 1/ T glass T brick = 2.51 x 10-3

C) Wall â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Brick SRI plywood = 10log 1/ T plywood 31 = 10log 1/ T plywood T plywood= 7.94 x 10-4

Average Transmission Coefficient of Materials Tav

= [(3.16 x 10-5 x 55.85) + (2.51 x 10-3 x 6.09) + (7.94 x 10-4 x 1.9)] / (55.85 + 6.09 + 1.9) = 1.32 x 10-3

SRIoverall = 10log 1/ Tav = 10 log 1/ 1.32 x 10-3 = 28.79 dB

The transmission loss created by the building components around multifunction space is 28.79dB. The noise level around this space is 60dB and is lower down by 28.79dB to 31.21dB. It is lower than the noise criteria of 35dB so it is able to create a suitable acoustic situation in the admin office.

3.7 Transmission loss (library-reference collection room)

NC: 30dB Noise level: 60dB

Building Element Wall Window Door

Material Brick Glass Plywood

Surface Area (m²) 381.02 29.24 1.9

SRI (dB) 45 26 31

Transmission Coefficient, T 3.16 x 10-5 2.51 x 10-3 7.94 x 10-4

A) Wall – Brick SRI brick = 10log 1/ T brick 45 = 10log 1/ T brick T brick = 3.16 x 10-5 B) Window – Glass SRI glass = 10log 1/ T glass 26 = 10log 1/ T glass T brick = 2.51 x 10-3

C) Wall â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Brick SRI plywood = 10log 1/ T plywood 31 = 10log 1/ T plywood T plywood= 7.94 x 10-4

Average Transmission Coefficient of Materials Tav 1.9)

= [(3.16 x 10-5 x 381.02) + (2.51 x 10-3 x 29.24) + (7.94 x 10-4 x 1.9)] / (381.02 + 29.24 + = 2.11 x 10-4

SRIoverall = 10log 1/ Tav = 10 log 1/ 2.11 x 10-4 = 36.76 dB

The transmission loss created by the building components around multifunction space is 36.76dB. The noise level around this space is 65dB (noise coming from the main road at lower floor and the roof garden at upper floor) and is lower down by 36.76dB to 29.24dB. It is lower than the noise criteria of 30dB so it is able to create a suitable acoustic situation in the reference collection space.

4.0 Reference

1. Long, M. (2006). Architecture acoustics. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press

2. Karien, M. & Benya, J. (2004). Lighting design basics. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

3. Stein, Benjamin & Reynolds, John S.. 2000. Mechanical & Electrical Equipment for buildings. New York. John Wiley.

4. Cavanough, William J. & Wikes, Joseph A. 1998. Architectural Acoustics: Principles and Practice. New York, Wiley and Sons.

5. Compare: LED Lights vs CFL vs Incandescent Lighting Chart. (n.d.). Retrieved November 30, 2015, from http://www.designrecyclecleinc.com/led comp chart.html

6. (n.d.). Retrieved November 30, 2015, from http://www.aainy.com/pdf/phillips_lamp_specification_catalog.pdf