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oD&d"r速maomurif;MuD; \
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oD&d"r速maomurif;MuD; \
aemufqkH;jzpf&yf rSwfwrf;vTm
v,fwDt&Sifauvmo(ygVdyg&*l) pDpOfwifjyonf/
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ed'geuxm rwlnDaomb0vrf;c&D; ,aeYtcsdefxd vlUavmu þurÇmMuD;ü jzpfaeMu&onfh usm;r r[l vlrSef orQwkdY\b0a&vrf;c&D;wGif wpfb0twGif;üyif wlnDrI r&SdMuacs/ a&pD;udkqef avjyefESifhvnf; awGUMu&onf/ a&om avomudkvnf; ckdcJh&onf/ b0wpfauGU wGif aumif;qkd;zkHzkH £|m&kH ted|m&kHwkdYESifhvnf; trsKd;rsKd; tjyeftvSef awGUMuKHMu& avonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif avtm; puftm; wuftm; aumif;aumif;ESifha&aMumif; rSefrSefwGif qefwufae&aomtcgrlum; b0ifacGUum tMudKufawGUaeolyrm b0 vrf;aMumif; ajzmifhjzL;om,mvsuf ESpfouf0rf;ajrmufcJh&onfhtcgvnf; &Sd\/
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onfwkdYwGif pkd;&drfylaqG; idka<u;rqkH; tylvkH;xum ukd,fa&mpdwfyg qif;&Jjcif;odkY a&mufMu&avonf/ þonfum; avmuwHxGm ykxkZOfwkdY\"r®wmaywnf;/
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xkdtaMumif;udk om;awmf e&olodavvQif ]]crnf;awmfrif;MuD; tem a&m*gaysmufjidrf;cJhaomf igonf ysufpD;jcif;okdYa&muf&vwåHU}}[k ESvkH;jyKvsuf rif; MuD;udk t0wfykqkd;wkdYjzifh zdowfí ewf&GmpHapcJhonf/ tbdnmOf&onfh&[EÅmt&Sif jrwfwkdY r&dSíom rif;MuD;\vm;&m*wdudk rodEkdifcJhMuay/ vm;&m*wd aumif;Ekdif zG,fum; &Sdrnfrxifacs/
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v,fwDt&Sifauvmo(ygVdyg&*l) r[mv,fwDwkduf ? rkH&GmjrdKU/
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od&D"r®maomurif;MuD;\ aemufqkH;jzpf&yfrSwfwrf;vTm earm ua&mrd Ak'¨ó ? earm ua&mrd "r®ó ? earm ua&mrd oHCó ?
0dok'¨dr*ft|uxm\tqkdtrdefY 1/
0dok'¨dr*ft|uxmyXrtkyf r&Pówduxm ESm(244)ü-ouvH ar'ðed bkwGm ? 'wGm aum#dowH okcD/ t¹kmrvurwåó ? taEÅ £ó&wH *awm/
-awae0 a'[AaE¨e ? yknrSd c,rm*aw/ r&Pbdrkacg aomyd ? taomaum aomurm*awm/
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ocD-'dAÁo'doabm* tm"dyaw,s-[laom csrf;omokcESifhjynfhpkHaom? t aomaum – pkd;&drfaMumifhMu uif;onf[lí taomuwHqdyf emrHcHaom rif;{u &mZfonf? ouvHar'ðed – ZrÁLuRef;cGif ajrtjyiftvkH;udk? bkwGm – okH;aqmifcHpm; jyD;í? aum#dowH – uka#t&mOpömpkudk? 'wGm – ay;vSLí? taEÅ – tqkH;ü? t¹km rvurwåó – oQpfoQm;(qD;jzL)oD;wpfjcrf;rQudkom? £ó&wH – tpkd;&onf\ tjzpfodkY? *awm – a&muf&&Smav\/
taomaum – taomu wHqdyfemrHcHaom? aomyd&mZm – xkdrif;{u&mZf onfvnf;? awae0 a'[AaE¨e – xkdukd,fjzifhyifvQif? (a'[AaE¨emwd o&Da&e #Dum)yknrSd – aumif;rIt[kefonf? c,H – ukefjcif;odkY? tm*awm – a&mufonf&Sd aomf? r&Pmbdrkacg – aojcif;odkY a&S;&Ionfjzpfí? aomuH – pdk;&drfylaqG;jcif;odkY? tm*awm – a&muf&&SmavjyD/ (þonfum; t|uxmvm *gxmygXfteufwnf;/)
0dok'¨dr*fedó,q&m\rSwfcsuf 2/ jrefrmEkdifiH Ak'¨omoemtzGJU ykHESdyfwkdufü omoem 2509? aumZm 1327? c&pf-1965-ckESpfwGif &kdufESdyfonfh 0dok'¨r*¾t|uxmedó, 'kwd,wGJ ESm-111 rS edó,q&m\atmufajcrSwfcsuf-
qD;jzLudkyif oQpfoQm;[kac:onf/ &ckdifwkdif;ü ,ckxufwkdif ¤if;udk oQpfoQm; [líyifac:\/ taomurif;w&m;\aemufqkH;tcsdefumvtaMumif;t&mudk rlum*sD\ t aomupmtkyf(ESm-430)ü atmufygtwkdif; awGU&\/ 'dAsm0'geusrf;(ESm-430)wGif taomu\aemufqkH;&ufrsm;taMumif;udk þ odkYjyxm;\/
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taomurif;MuD;onf touft&G,f MuD;vmaomtcg om;awmfukPmv \om;jzpfí rdrd\ajr;awmfjzpfaom orÜwdukd rdrd\t&dkuft&mqufcHap&ef a&T; cs,fcsD;ajr§mufawmfrlavonf/
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jzifh (aumif;rIpdkufysKd;&m v,fajraumif;wGif rm;rm;pGifhpGifh MuD;jrifhvSpGm pkdufysKd; onfhtaetm;jzifh)vSL'gef;vkdaomqE´ jzpfay:vmavonf/
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xkdYtjyif OD;ukvm;\r[m&mZ0ifawmfMuD; yxrtkyf rsufESmeHygwf 100 rS 106txd txufygtaMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í ygVd*gxmrsm;ESifhwuG jyqkd xm;onfudk awGU&\/ ¤if;rSm jrefrmpmtkyfjzpfí Munfh&I&ef vG,fulaomaMumifh þü xkwfrjyawmhjyD/ (q-oH-aom) 0dok'¨dr*ft|uxm edó,q&m\ atmufajcrSwfcsuf jyD;jyD/
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OD;ukvm;r[m&mZ0ifMuD;\ tqdktrdefY
3/ 0dok'¨dr*¾|uxmedó,q&m\atmufajcrSwfcsuf om"ujzpfaom OD;uk vm;&mZ0ifac: r[m&mZ0ifMuD; yxrtkyf pmrsufESm 100 rS 106txdwGif yg aom pum;&yfrsm;um;-
oD&d"r®maomurif;MuD;onf &Sifr[marm*¾vdykwåwdóax&ftm; awmif;yef awmfrlí o*Fg,emwifjyD;aom taqGawmfjzpfaom odef;CkduRef;udk tpkd;&aom a'0geHyd,wdórif;odkY omoemawmfudk om;awmf &Sifr[dE´tpjyKí ydkYaqmifawmf rljyD;vQif bk&m;&SifyGifhawmfrlaom r[maAm"d'u©dPomcg tp&Sdaom rsm;pGmaom omoemawmf\tpD;tyGm;udk jzpfapí twkdif;rodatmifaom qkdcJhjyD;aomaumif; rIwkdYudk qnf;yl;awmfrlí eef;wufrif;pnf;pdrf okH;q,fhckepfESpf(37)? omoemawmf ouú&mZf 255-ck a&mufaomtcg jrifhjrJpGm qnf;yl;awmfrlaom ukokdvfuHonf ukefjcif;odkY a&mufí aojcif;odkY a&S;&Ivwfaomf aq;tvkdYiSm rdrdvufüxm;aom oQpfoQm;oD;udkomvQif tpkd;&onfjzpfí jyif;pGmaom pkd;&drfjcif;odkYa&mufawmfrl\/
tb,fhaMumifh pdk;&drfjcif;odkY a&mufoenf;[lrlum; rif;MuD;onf aotHhaom taMumif;udkjrifíàaMomf...bkHokH;yg;üusifvnfaom 'ku©dwowå0gtaygif;onfum; Zmwdç Z&mç Asm"dç r&Pw&m;av;yg;wkdY\wnf&mrQom jzpfbd\wum;/ ([koHa0* jzpfawmfrlavvQif)xkdw&m;av;yg;rS uif;vGwfrnfhtaMumif; edAÁmefudk awmifhwaomtm;jzifh tqkH;pGefaom tvSLudk ay;vkdaomiSm b@mpdk;udk ac:í þodkYrdefYawmfrl\/ àtcsif; b@mpkd; - ig\pJhusDwkdufMuwdkYrS a&TaiGpaom rsm;pGmaomOpömwkdYudkvnf; aumif;ç acgrwkdif; umodwkdif;wkdYrSjzpfaom ydk;csnf ykqkd;wkdYudkvnf;aumif;ç xkdrSw
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yg; odrfarGUpGmaom 0gcsnfykqkd;wkdYudkvnf;aumif;ç xkdrSwyg; rsm;pGmaomtokH;t aqmif taqmuftODwkdYudkvnf;aumif; aqmif,lacsí ig\a&SUü ykHpkxm;bdavmh? ,aeYvQif tqkH;pGefaom tvSLMuD;ay;í igaotHh/ [krdefYawmfrl\/ rif;MuD;rdefYawmfrlonfudk b@mpdk;Mum;avaomf aMuuGJaomESvkH; jzifh ikdí þodkYem;awmfavQmuf\/
rif;MuD;\b@musDMuwdkYudk ydwfxm;aMumif;ESifh b@mpdk; avQmufxm;jcif;taMumif; aum|m*g&Oö aumoOö ? ,OönH tw¬d aw "eH/ oAÁH okvOödwH a'0 ? {0H Zmem[d cwåd,/
cwåd, - ajrMuD;udk tpkd;&aom? a'0 – rif;MuD;? aw – t&Sifrif;MuD;\? aum|m*g&Oö – usDudkvnf;aumif;? aumoOö – Muudkvnf;aumif;? tnH – wpfyg; aom? ,H "eH – tMuifOpömonf? tw¬d - &Sd\/ oAÁH – tvkH;pkHaom? aw – oifrif; MuD;\? wH "eH – xkdOpömudk? okvOödwH – aumif;pGm wHqdyfcwfavjyD? {0H – þodkY? Zmem[d – odawmfrlavm/
,ck tpkd;&awmfrrljyD[lí b@mpdk;avQmufaompum;ukd rif;MuD;Mum;awmfrl vQif b@mpkd;ukd þodkYrdefYawmfrljyef\/
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aum|m*g&Oö aumoOö? ,OönH tw¬d ar "eH/ aue okvOödwH oAÁH? wGH ar tu©m[d ykpädawm/
or® - tcsif;b@mpkd;? ar – ig\? aum|m*g&Oö – usDudkvnf;aumif;? aum oOö – Muudkvnf;aumif;? tnH – wpfyg;aom? ,H "eH – tMuifOpömonf? tw¬d &Sd\/ oAÁH – cyfodrf;aom? wH"eH – xkdOpömudk? aue – tb,folonfvQif? okvOöd wH – wHqdyfcwfavoenf;? wH – xdkcwfavaomoludk? ykpädawm – ar;tyfaom? wGH – oifonf? ar – ightm;? tu©m[d – Mum;bdavm/
þodkYrif;MuD; ar;awmfrlaompum;ukd b@mpdk; þodkYem;awmfavQmuf\/
aum|m*g&Oö aumoOö? ,OönH tw¬d aw "eH/ a'0ó 'kAÁvH 'doGm? trapö[d okvOödwH/
ol&eywd – ewfvlwkdY\ocifjzpfawmfrlaom? omrd – t&Sifrif;MuD;? aum|m *g&Oö – usDudkvnf;aumif;? aumoOö – Muudkvnf;aumif;? aw – oifrif;MuD;\? tnH – wpfyg;aom? ,H "eH – tMuifOpömonf? tw¬d - &Sd\/ wH"eH – xkdOpömudk? a'0ó – oifrif;MuD;\? 'kAÁvH – tm;enf;onfaomtjzpfudk? 'doGm – jrifí? tr apö[d – trwfwkdYonf? okvOödwH – aumif;pGm wHqdyfcwfavownf;/
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àþZrÁL'DyguRef;tjyifü wnfukefaom þjynfwkdif;wkdYum; tb,folonfvQif t pdk;&avoenf;/ [kar;awmfrljyef\/ àþZrÁL'DyguRef;tjyifü wnfukefaom jynfwkdif;um;wkdYudkum; t&Sifrif;MuD;rSwpf yg; þjynfwkdif;um;udk tpkd;&aomol r&Sd/ [ktrwfwkdY em;awmfavQmufukef\/ xkdodkY trwftaygif;wkdY em;awmfavQmufaompum;udk rif;MuD;Mum;awmfrl aomfàZrÁL'DyguRef;tjyifü wnfukefaom tvkH;pkHaom jynfwkdif;um;wkdYudk igom tpkd;& wkHvsuf ,ck tqkH;pGefaomtvSLudk ay;vkdírQ ray;yg&? ig\usDMub@mwkdYudk t b,folonfvQif wHqdyfcwfavoenf;/ [kESvkH;romjzpfí jyif;pGmaom y#dCmwpdwfjzifh jcdrf;\/ trwftaygif;wkdYvnf; pum;wkHYrqkdbJ qdwfqdwfvQif aebd\/ xkdodkY pum;wkHYr&aomf rif;MuD;\udk,f awmftvkH; wkefvIyfvsufàaMomf...igodkYaom rif;onfrQ aocgeD;umvokdY a&mufvwfaomf ig\vuf wGifukdifaom oQpfoQm;oD; xuf0ufukdom tpkd;&bd\wum;[lí aMuuGJylavmifaom pum;jzifh rdefYawmfrl\/
&Oövm0w orÜwåd? 0dZÆKrmvD0 oAÁrSd/ r[m"erÜd orÜawåm? 'ku©dwH yke rm*awm/
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orÜwåd – pnf;pdrfcsrf;om[lonfum;? &Oövm0w – tvGef,kwfpGwum;? oAÁH – tvkH;pkHaompnf;pdrfcsrf;omonf? 0dZÆKrmvD0 – vQyfppfEG,fuJhodkY? trSD0w – jzpf\wum;? r[m"eH – rsm;jrwfaom Opöm&Sdonf\tjzpfodkY? orÜawåmyd – a&muf ygvsufvnf;? yke – wpfzef? 'ku©dwH – qif;&JpGmaom tjzpfodkY? tm*awm0w – a&muf&acsonfwum;/
àaMomf...cyfodrf;aomvlewfwkdY\pnf;pdrf[lonfum; wpfcPrQom jzpfí aysmufjyef\wum;? om,mpGmaom umvonfvnf; t[kwfvQif enf;pGwum;? iguJhodkYaom ZrÁL'DyguRef;tvkH;udk tpkd;&aom olcyfodrf;wkdYtm; ay;urf;axmufr rQwjcif;iSm pGrf;Ekdifaom twkdif;rodaomOpöm a&TaiGtaxGaxGaom b@m&wem &Sifjzpfygvsuf wpfcsifwpfa&T;aomOpömudkrQ tpkd;r&í tvGefvQif qif;&Jjcif;odkY a&muf&acsonfwum;/
,'g p 'gwkumarmo®d? 'gwAÁH ew¬d ar "eH/ cDPH yknro®d yawåm? orÜawåm rpöKaem rkcH/
,'g p – tMuiftcgüvnf;? t[H – igonf? 'geH – tvSLudk? 'gwkumarm – ay;vdkonf? to®d – jzpf\? w'g – xdktcgü? ar – ightm;? 'gwAÁH "eH – ay;tyf aomOpömonf? ew¬d – r&Sd? cDPH – ukefaom? yknH – ukodkvfokdY? yawåm – a&muf onf? to®d – jzpfjyD? 'ged £'ged - ,cktcgü? rpöKaem – aorif;\? rkcH – cHwGif;odkY ? orÜawåm – a&mufonf? to®d0w – jzpfjyDwum;/
à,cktcgü jyif;aomtemonf jzpfí tvSLwkdYukd ay;vkdírQ ray;&ygwum;? ig \b@musDMuponfwkdYukd trwftaygif;wkdYonf wHqdyfcwfí xm;ukefjyD? ,ck
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wpfcsifa&T;aom OpömudkrQ igtpkd;r&acsjyDwum;? oHo&mu jrifhjrJ&SnfMumumv ywfvkH; qnf;yl;cJhaom ig\ukokdvfuHvnf; ,aeYvQif ukefcJhjyDwum;? ,aeYvQif aorif;\cHwGif;odkY qif;&vwåHYonfwum;/ [kriff;MuD; rdefYawmfrl\/
tyg;wGif&Sdaom aq;q&monf oHa0*ESifh,SOfaompum;udk qkdjcif; xkdokdYrif;MuD; trdefYawmf&Sdaompum;awmfudk tyg;wGifaeaom aq;orm; awmfonf Mum;í xdwfvefYjcif;odkY a&mufonfjzpfí þodkYqkd\/
"D&w¬K0w ,H &ZÆ redpö&lyH blZ*/ Zd0Sm Zem ooEÅum? "D&w¬K0w ZD0dw/ rm,kOóm AdE¨L0? wdP*¾v*¾ ryÜuH/
,H &ZÆH – tMuifrif;\tjzpfonfum;? blZ*Zd0Sm – a>r\vQmuJhodkY? tedpöH&lyH – rjrJaomoabm&Sd\? wH &ZÆH – xkdrif;tjzpfonfum;? "D&w¬K0w – pufqkyfzG,f&Sd pGwum;? Zem – vlomrefwkdYaomfrS ooEÅum – udk,fydkifOpöm&SdMuukefao;\? tm ,k – touf[kqdktyfaom? ,H ZD0dwH – tMuifZD0dwda`E´onf? wdP*¾v*¾H – jruf
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zsm;üuyfjidaom? Oóm0AdE¨L0 – qD;ESif;aygufuJhodkY? tyÜuH – enf;pGm\? tm,k – touf[kqkdtyfaom? wH ZD0dwH – xdkZD0dwda`E´onf? "D&w¬K0w – pufqkyfzG,f&SdpG wum;/ r['¨aem e&daE´m p? taomaum &mZukOÆa&m/ ZrÁL'Dydóa&m [kwGm? t¹kmrvu £óa&m/
r['¨aem – rsm;pGmaomOpömvnf;&Sdxaom? e&daE´m – olwumwkdYudk tpkd;& aom? taomaum – taomutrnf&Sdaom? &mZukOÆa&m – jrwfaomrif;MuD; onf? ZrÁL'Dydóa&m – ZrÁL'Dygaomif;cGif ajrtjyifudk tpkd;&onf? [kwGmyd – jzpf ygvsufvnf;? taEÅ – tqkH;ü? t¹kmrvu£óa&m – xuf0ufaomoQpfoQm;oD; ukdom tpdk;&awmfrlonf? Zmawm0w – jzpfcJh\wum;/
àZrÁL'Dygaomif;cGif ajrtjyifü wpfa,mufwnf;aomrif;tjzpfudk &í tHhzG,fo&J aomrif;pnf;pdrfESifhjynfhpkHygvsuf þodkYysufpD;qif;&JaMuuGjcif;odkY a&mufbd\w um;/ àa>r\vQmuJhodkY tjrJr&Sdaom rif;\tjzpf[lonfum; trSefvQifpufqkyfzG,f &SdpG wum;/ àtuka#okH;aqmifí rukefEkdifatmif rsm;aomOpöm&Sdaom vlESifhwuG ewfwdkYudk tpkd;&aomoD&d"r®maomu trnf&Sdaom cwåd,r[momvrif;jzpfvsuf tqkH;pGef pkawcgeD;ü xuf0ufaomoQpfoQm;oD;udkom tpkd;&bd\wum;/ àtenf;i,frQaom pnf;pdrfESifh,SOfaom olwkdYonfum; tb,frSm qkdzG,f&m&SdtHh enf;/ [krif;MuD;tyg;wGif aeaom aq;orm;onf xdwfvefYaomESvkH;odkY a&mufonfjzpf íqkd\/
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oD&d"r®maomurif;MuD; tedpöa&mufjcif;taMumif; rif;MuD;onf aq;orm;qkdaompum;udk Mum;awmfrlaomf jyif;pGmaomtem ESdyfpufonfjzpfí xGufouf0ifouf csKyfcJh&um; xkdudk,f\tjzpfrS pkawcJhaomf y#dCmwpdwfESifh,SOfaomtm;jzifh tpD&0wDtrnf&Sdaomjrpfem;ü avSvkH;xGif;cefY twkdif;t&Snf&Sdaom Oyygwfukd,fxif pyg;MuD;a>r jzpfí a&aeowå0g aus;ae owå0gwkdYudk pm;vsuf ae\/
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xkdtcg r[dE´trnf&Sdaom rif;MuD;om;awmfonf psmef\csrf;omudk cHpm;í xkdpsmefrSxawmfrljyD;aomf ]]igonf þodkYaomcsrf;omudk &onfum; tb,frnf aomoludk rSDí&oenf;}}[k ESvkH;awmfoGif;jyD;rS crnf;awmfonf tb,fbkHüjzpf avoenf;[lí 'dAÁpu©KÓPfawmfjzifh Munfhawmfrljyefaomf ,kwfrmpGmaom pyg; MuD;jzpfonfukd jrifawmfrlav\/
xkdokYd crnf;awmf jydwåmjzpf&mt&yfodkY uyfawmfrljyD;aomf crnf;awmftm; jrwfaomw&m;udk a[mawmfrl&m o&P*kHESifhwuGaom yOöoDvü aumif;pGmwnf ay\/
xkdpyg;MuD;jydwåmvnf; om;awmft&Sifr[dE´ a[mawmfrlaomw&m;awmfukd Mum;onfhaeYrSpí tvGefpifMu,fpGmaom oDwif;ukdokH;vsuf touf&Sdaomowå0g
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[lorQudk rpm;bJ ckepf&ufwkdifwkdif apmifhpnf;vsuf w&m;udk tm&kHjyKí tm[m& jywfap\/
xkdodkY o&P*kH yOöoDv ukokdvfapwemtusKd;tm;jzifh pyg;MuD;a>rtjzpfrS pkawcJhaomf wm0wðomewfjynfü wefckd;MuD;aom ewfom;jzpfav\/
oD&d"r®maomurif;MuD;\taqGawmfjzpfaom vuFm'Dyodef;CkduRef;ukd tpkdk; &aom a'0geHyd,wdórif;MuD;vnf; wm0wðomewfjynfü wefckd;MuD;rm;aomewf om;jzpfav\/
xdkewfESpfyg;wkdYonf ewfwkdY\touftwkdif; ewfjynfürae? odMum;awmif; yeftyfonfjzpfí odef;CkduRef;ü o'¨gwdórif;vufxuf oD&d"r®maomurif;MuD; tavmif;awmfum; urÁKvolaX;MuD;om; jzpfvm\/ a'0geHyd,wdórif;MuD; t avmif;awmf ewfom;um; Asu©omvolaX;r 0rf;ü jzpfvm\/
ckepfESpft&G,fodkYa&mufMuvQif &[ef;jyKí y#dorÇD'gav;yg;ESifhwuG &[EÅm tjzpfodkYa&mufawmfrlukef\/ oD&d"r®maomurif;MuD;tavmif;awmfudk uk@v wdó[lí wGif\/ a'0geHyd,wdórif;MuD;tavmif;awmfudk Asu©ax&f[lí wGif \/
xkdrax&fESpfyg;um; zGm;aomtcgvnf; twlzGm;awmfrlMuonf/ &[ef;jyK aomtcgvnf;twl&[ef;jyKawmfrlMuí usrf;*eftwloifawmfrlMuonf/ y&dedAÁmef jyKawmfrlaomtcgvnf; odef;CkduRef;tvkH;wGif MuD;pGmaomjym#d[mudk jyawmfrlMu í twlyif y&dedAÁmefjyKawmfrlMuonf/
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r[m&mZ0ifMuD;rS atmufajcrSwfcsuf/ àoD&d"r®maomurif;MuD; y#dCmwpdwfESifh,SOfí pkawpdwfusaomaMumifh ckepf&uf pyg;MuD;a>rjydwåmjzpfjyD;rS om;awmf &Sifr[dE´a[mMum;í pkawjyD;vQif wm0wðom ewfü jzpfaMumif; ponfwkdYum; ]]oD[V0w¬K}}üvm&Sdonfudk þ&mZ0ifMuD;q&m oGif;í qkdawmfrlonf/ r[m&mZ0ifMuD;vm pum;&yfpkjyD;jyD/
aemufqkH;jzpf&yfrSwfwrf;vTm\ aemufqufwGJ oD&d"r®maomurif;MuD;\aemufqkH;jzpf&yfukdà0dok'¨dr*ft|uxmrS vmaompum;? à0dok'¨dr*ft|uxmedó,q&m\atmufajcrSwfcsufpum;? àr[m&mZ0ifMuD;rSvmaompum;? þokH;csufwkdYjzifh yk*¾v"d|mefriJhbJ "r®"d|mefusus okH;oyfa0zefMunfh&vQifàtvGefoem;pzG,fvnf; aumif;ayonf/ àtvGefowdjyKzG,fvnf; vkdtyfayonf/ àtvGefoHa0*jzpfzG,fvnf; &Sdayonf/
oem;pzG,f oD&d"r®maomurif;MuD;[kqkdvQif Ak'¨bmom0ifrSeforQ rodol r&SdMu/ xkdrif; MuD;ESifhpyfvsOf;aom "r®a'oemawGudk ra[mzl;onfh&[ef;awmf[lí r&Sdoavmuf yif xif&Sm;ayonf/
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rif;MuD;\b0oufwrf; b0Zmwfvrf; wpfavQmufwGif olrwlatmif xif &Sm;ausmfMum;cJhayonf/ bmoma&;,kHMunfcsufrSmvnf; xdyfwef;rS wnfaeoljzpf ayonf/ omoemawmfudk csD;ajr§mufrIrSmvnf; twkr&Sdatmif a&SUwef;u ajy;ae ayonf/
vl&Siftrsm; od&SdMujyD;onfhtwkdif; r[mapwDudkvnf; wnfxm;udk;uG,f onf/ taomum&mrausmif;wkdufMuD;udkvnf; wnfaqmufvSL'gef;cJhonf/ ZrÁL'dyf uRef;ESifhtESHY apwDaygif; &Spfaomif;av;axmif? a&uefaygif; &Spfaomif;av;axmif a&wGif;awmfaygif; &Spfaomif;av;axmifwkdYudkvnf; wnfaqmufvSL'gef;awmfrlcJh onf/
rif;MuD;onf ajcmufaomif;aom &[ef;awmfwkdYtm; qGrf;0wfrjywf wnf cif;vSL'gef;awmfrlcJhonf/ om;awmfr[dE´ESifhorD;awmfoCFrdwåmwkdYtm; omoemh abmifoGwfoGif; csD;ajr§mufí omoe'g,'ç omoem'g,ZÆ omoemhtarGudk cH,l cJhonf ponfjzihf b0wpfoufwmywfvkH; ukodkvftmpdPÖuH txkHoefonfhyk*¾Kdvf xl;MuD;jzpfayonf/
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vrf;pOfwpfavQmufvkH; wufa&;wufcsufç avSmfa&;avSmfuGuf aumif;cJhyg vsuf rkef;0ifí yef;qGwfcgeD;rS tvGJvGJtrSm;rSm; jzpf&onfhtvm; ur®edrdwftxif rSm;cJh&onfrSm tvGefoem;pzG,f aumif;aypG/
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touf&SifpOf tcsdefumvMumjrifhpGm t&Sifr[marm*¾vdykwåwdó paom &[EÅmt&SifjrwfawGESifhtjrJrjywf oyÜK&dolyedó,=olawmfaumif;udk qnf;uyf cGifh&cJhaomfvnf; aocgeD;umvrS trwf,kwf trwfrkduf 0efMuD;,kwf 0efMuD;rkduf wkdYESifhawGUcJh&jyD; Amvlyedó,=vlrkdufESifh,SOfwGJ awGUqkHcJh&onfhtwGuf vGJcsufemcJh &onf/ oem;pzG,f aumif;aypG/
owdjyKzG,f b0wpfoufwm wpfavQmufvkH;wGif aocgeD;umvonf tvGefta&;MuD; aomtcsdeftcgjzpfayonf/ aemifjzpf&vwåHYaom b0Zmwfvrf;aumif;rI raumif; rIudk tqkH;tjzwfay;rnfh tcsdeftcg b0Zmwfvrf; zefwD;ay;&rnfhtcsdeftcg jzpf ayonf/ xkdtcsdeftcgwGif qnf;uyfrSD0J&rnfhol twlwuGaygif;oif;aexkdif&rnfh olwdkYudk txl;owdjyKzG,f vkdayonf/ aygif;oif;aexkdifrIonfàoyÜK&dolyedó,=olawmfaumif;wkdYESifhaygif;oif; aexkdifrIrsKd;? àAmvlyedó,=vlrkduf vl,kwfrmwkdYESifhaygif;oif;aexkdifrIrsKd;? [lí ESpfrsKd;&Sdayonf/
xkdESpfrsKd;wkdYwGif oyÜK&dolyedó,rsKd;udk &&SdolwkdYonf vljzpf&usKd;eyf\? b0 ul;aumif;\? ae0Hh ao0Hh\/ taoajzmifh taeajzmifh taoaumif; taeaumif; jzpf&\/
t&SifaomPrax&fjrwf\crnf;awmf aomPydwk&[ef;MuD;onf vlYb0u rdrdjyKcJhonfh tukokdvfuHaMumifh aocgeD;umvü ]]acG;eufMuD;awG[laom i&J a&muf&rnfh *wdedrdwfawGyif xifcJhayjyD/ olawmfaumif;jzpfonfh om;&[EÅm t&SifaomPaMumifh *wdedrdwfajymif;vJ xifjrifcJhayonf/ tyg,ab;rS uif;a0;
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cJhonf/ ewf&Gma&mufrnfh *wdedrdwf xifvmcJhayonf/ xkdYaMumifhyif oH,kwfygVd awmfü-
oAÇda&0 ormaox? oAÇdukaAÁx oE¦0H/
oAÇda&0 – olawmfaumif;wkdYESifhomvQif? ormaox – aygif;az:&m\? oAÇd – olawmfaumif;wkdYESifh? oE¦0H – aygif;az:jcif;udk? ukaAÁx – jyK&m\/ [ka[mawmfrlcJhayonf/ owdjyKoifhvSayonf/
olawmfaumif;wkdYESifhaygif;az:rda&;udk
tav;teuf
taomurif;MuD;onf aocgeD;wGif jyKcJhzl;aom olUaus;Zl;udkrQ rodwwf acszsufwwfaom]]ru©D}}yk*¾KdvfrsKd;ç tvGefaus;Zl;&Sdonfh rdwfaumif;MuD; aqGaumif; MuD;awGudk tav;*&krjyKbJ zsufqD;avh&Sdonfh]]rdwå'kAÇd}}yk*¾KdvfrsKd;- vlqkd;vlrdkuf vlU tjzKef; vlUtoGH vlUtcGH vlUtumawGESifhawGUvkduf&onfhtwGuf aomu&wuf awG ayGcJh&onf/ xkdYaMumihfyif-
tao0em p AmvmeH? a'0aw – tkdewfom;? AmvmeH – ruif;'kp&kduf oltrkdufwkdYudk? tao0em p – q&mtrSwf rdwftrSwfjzifh rqnf;uyf raygif;az:&jcif;onfvnf;aumif;? [lía[mawmfrlcJhayonf/ tvGefowdjyKzG,f aumif;vSay\/
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oHa0*,lzG,f
bkef;&Sdef uH&Sdef orÇm&SdefMuD;jr§ifhvSonfh taomurif;MuD;uJhodkYaom yk*¾KdvfwkdY onfhyifvQif uHt&Sdeft[kef usqif;vsuf tkdrif;rpGrf;aomtcsdef tema&m*gzdpD; vmaomtcsdefü ]]aMumiftkdaom <uufrav;}}jzpf&acsao;\/ igodkYaomyk*¾KdvfwkdYrl um; tb,fqkdzG,f&SdygtHhenf;[k MuD;pGmaom oHa0*,lzG,f aumif;vSayonf/
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ayonf/ "r®*a0oD okawoD vl&Sif&[ef;wkdY Munfh&IawmfrlMuyg&ef trSmpum;wpf &yfjzifh tjyD;owftyfayownf;/ v,fwDt&Sifauvmo(ygVdyg&*l) *E¦0gpuausmif; r[mv,fwDwkduf – rkH&GmjrdKU/ 1353-ckESpf? oDwif;uRwfvqef;(8)&uf 1991-ckESpf? atmufwkdbm(16)&uf/
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