>hfZrgyy jZ[hlZ ih jmkkdhfm yaudm aZ deZkk
d mq_[gbdm ŠJmkkdbc yaud mq_[gbd ^ey deZkkZ h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evguo mqj_`^_gbcª F F JZamfh\kdZy b ^j ² F >jhnZ mq_[gh ijZdlbq_kdh_ ihkh[b_
LZcgu q_eh\_q_kdh]h yaudZ Yaud ^_eZ_l q_eh\_dZ q_eh\_dhf ;_a yaudZ h[s_kl\h ex^_c g_ fh]eh [u kms_kl\h\Zlv FZm]eb ?keb j_[_ghd jZkl_l g_ k ex^vfb Z \ klZ_ `b\hlguo lh hg gbdh]^Z g_ gZmqblky ]h\hjblv JZat_^bgy_l ² _^bgkl\h _^bguc h[t_^bgy_l kh_^bg_gb_ ijbkh_^bgblv _^bghebqguc _^bghh[jZagh m_^bg_gguc gZ_^b g_ hlkh_^bgylvky <eZ^_lv ² \eZ^_gb_ a_fe_\eZ^_gb_ \eZ^_e_p aZ\eZ^_lv kh\eZ^_lv h\eZ^_\Zlv jZ[h\eZ^_e_p M^b\bl_evgh_ ² ^b\h ^b\guc ^b\blvky ih^b\blvky m^b\ e_gguc m^b\eylv ij_^b\guc ij_m^b\bl_evguc HlebqZxlky ² hlebqb_ hlebqbl_evguc hlebqguc g_hl ebqbfuc <klj_qZxlky ² \klj_qZ \klj_qguc gZ\klj_qm ih\klj_qZlv HljZ`Z_lky ² hljZ`Zl_ev hljZ`_gguc hljZ`_gb_ g_hljZ abfuc MklgZy j_qv ihy\beZkv jZgvr_ ibkvf_gghc MklgZy j_qv khklhbl ba a\mdh\ dhlhju_ \ hij_^_e_gghf ihjy^d_ kdeZ^u \Zxlky \ keh\Z ;md\u bah[j_l_gu ^ey aZdj_ie_gby ibkvf_gghc j_qb gZ [mfZ]_ FZ]gblhnhggu_ aZibkb aZdj_ieyxl mklgmx j_qv Hj]ZgZfb kemoZ \hkijbgbfZxl mklgmx j_qv Z hj]ZgZfb aj_gby ² ibkvf_ggmx Ql_gb_ \kemo ² wlh \hkijhba\_^_gb_ ibkvf_gghc j_qb Ibkvf_ggZy j_qv \hagbdeZ kjZ\gbl_evgh g_ ^Z\gh dZd mkeh\gh_ hljZ`_gb_ mklghc j_qb gh g_ gZh[hjhl Nhg_lbdZ l_e_nhg fZ]gblhnhg nhgh]jZffZ nhgh]jZn nhghl_dZ MklgZy j_qv ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc ihlhd a\mdh\ A\mdb j_qb bamqZxlky \ hkh[hf jZa^_e_ yaudhagZgby ² nhg_lbd_ A\mdb j_ qb kem`Zl ^ey jZaebq_gby kfukeZ keh\ emd ² exd f_e ² f_ev jy^ ² jZ^ >dhf@ ² >khf@ ² >lhf@ ² >^hf@ ² >ehf@ ² >jhf@
=em[hdbc ijm^ ² ]b[dbc ijml \Zj_guc emd ² p\_lmsbc em] h[b`Zlv fZeurZ ² h[_`Zlv \hdjm] ^hfZ nml[hevgu_ fyqb ² [meZlgu_ f_qb ;>Z@evrhc ² [hevrhc l>bw@`_euc ² ly`_euc ih[>bw@eblv ² ih[_eblv aZi>Z@o ² aZiZo h[f>Z@gmlv ² h[fZ gmlv ]j>Z@`^Zgkdbc ² ]jZ`^Zgkdbc m^>b@\eylvky ² m^b\eylv ky khag>Z@\Zlv ² khagZ\Zlv � � � � � � <h^ygbkluc ² \h^u g_^Ze_dh ² ^Zev ihahehlZ ² aheh � � � � � lh [hjhlvky ² [hj_lky dhexqbc ² dhe_lky klZjhfh^guc ² � � ² \a]ey^ � ² jh^kl\_ggbd � jh^ghc � klZjuc ]ey^_lv aZlhiblv ² � � � lhibl hl^Ze_gguc ² ^Zev jZa^Z\Zlvky ² jZa^Zklky ]h^h\Zeuc � � � ² ]h^ jZa]Z^Zlv ² aZ]Z^dZ m]h^blv ² m]h^eb\uc
JZa^_e yaudhagZgby bamqZxsbc a\mdb j_qb gZau\Z_lky nhg_lbdZ < jheb hj]Zgh\ j_qb \uklmiZxl ]hjlZgv k ]hehkh\ufb k\yadZfb jhlh\Zy b ghkh\Zy ihehklb yaud ]m[u am[u gz[h A\mdb j_qb ^_eylky gZ ]eZkgu_ b kh]eZkgu_ =eZkgu_ khklhyl lhevdh ba ]hehkZ Kh]eZkgu_ khklhyl ba ]hehkZ b rmfZ beb lhevdh ba rmfZ Ju`bd ² >ju`ud@ >u@ ² ]eZkguc a\md >j@ >`@ >d@ ² kh ]eZkgu_ a\mdb Ljm^ ² >ljml@ >m@ ² ]eZkguc a\md >l@ >j@ ² kh]eZkgu_ a\m db Fhkd\Z ² >fZkd\Z@ >Z@ ² ]eZkguc a\md >f@ >k@ >d@ >\@ ² kh]eZkgu_ a\mdb K[hj ² >a[hj@ >h@ ² ]eZkguc a\md >a@ >[@ >j@ ² kh]eZkgu_ a\mdb Dem[ ² >demi@ >m@ ² ]eZkguc a\md >d@ >e@ >i@ ² kh]eZk gu_ a\mdb Kfhe_gkd ² >kfZeœwgkd@ >Z@ >w@ ² ]eZkgu_ a\mdb >k@ >f@ >eœ@ >g@ >d@ ² kh]eZkgu_ a\mdb Lj_ev ² >ljœweœ@ >w@ ² ]eZkguc a\md >l@ >jœ@ >eœ@ ² kh]eZk gu_ a\mdb A\md >iœ@ ² kh]eZkguc fy]dbc iZjguc ]emohc iZjguc A\md >`@ ² kh]eZkguc l\_j^uc g_iZjguc a\hgdbc iZjguc
A\md >]@ ² kh]eZkguc l\_j^uc iZjguc a\hgdbc iZjguc A\md >qœ@ ² kh]eZkguc fy]dbc g_iZjguc ]emohc g_iZjguc A\md >p@ ² kh]eZkguc l\_j^uc g_iZjguc ]emohc g_iZjguc A\md >\@ ² kh]eZkguc l\_j^uc iZjguc a\hgdbc iZjguc A\md >n@ ² kh]eZkguc l\_j^uc iZjguc ]emohc iZjguc D\ZjlZeu >e@ ² kh]eZkguc a\hgdbc l\_j^uc Rhnzj >nœ@ ² kh]eZkguc ]emohc fy]dbc Bg`_g_ju >`@ ² kh]eZkguc a\hgdbc l\_j^uc :^j_kZ >Z@ ² ]eZkguc [_am^Zjguc >jœ@ ² kh]eZkguc a\hg dbc fy]dbc Iehlu >Z@ ² ]eZkguc [_am^Zjguc Ijbgye >gœ@ ² kh]eZkguc a\hgdbc fy]dbc SZ\_ev >sœ@ ² kh]eZkguc ]emohc fy]dbc >bw@ ² ]eZkguc [_am^Zjguc Ih\lhjbl >n@ ² kh]eZkguc ]emohc l\_j^uc >b@ ² ]eZkguc m^Zjguc >h djhl dhl dhjf k_eh ^_j_\h B]eu _eb ² mrdh b]eu kl_gu ^hfZ ² klhbl hdheh kl_gu \aylv \ jmdb ² gZibkZlv hl jmdb [uklju_ gh]b ² kgylv k gh]b hd_Zgkdb_ \h^u ² klZdZg \h^u ^Zevgb_ a_feb ² ih^gylv k a_f eb [_eu_ dhau ² dhjf ^ey dhau ]em[hdb_ j_db ² jmkeh j_db jh\gu_ ^hkdb ² kl_j_lv k ^hkdb h]jhfgu_ \hegu ² mclb hl \hegu � � jZagh\b^ JZaghf_klghklv m^Zj_gby [hevrhc � oe_[guc � ghklv ihgye � ² \ ]hjm � � � Ih^\b`ghklv m^Zj_gby gZqZe ² gZqZeZ ]hjZ ih � � � � ehkZ ² ihehku fg q iheh`m ² iheh`bl � � � Ljm^guc ^bZeh] agZqbfZy qZklv keh\Z deZeZ gZ klhe ih � � eh`blv \ rdZn rhn_j lZdkb � � � � � � lhjlu ijbgylv djZgu gZ Dmohgguc djZkb\__ aZ\b^gh � � � � � � qZlv [Zeh\Zlv a\hgbl \dexqbl k\_deZ ih\lhjbl >hki_o ² mki_o kg_] ² [_] \jZ] ² kly] \ h[eZdZo ² \ jmdZo ^mo ² kemo ^jm] ² djm] i_lmo ² fmo em] ² iem] ihjh]
² ibjh] \a^ho ² ;h] hqZ] ² juqZ] ie_qZo ² \ j_qZo ^jm]bo ² ]emobo fb] ² djbd Ilbp_eh\Z `Ze_y L_e_\babhggZy Zg>l@_ggZ jZ[hlZlv \ Z>l@_ev_ hlijZ\blvky \ >^œ@_ih ihk_eblvky \ bg>l@_jgZl_ \aylv bg>l@_j\vx [eb`Zcr__ dZ>n@_ mxlgh_ dm>i@_ f]gh\_ggZy eh>l@_j_y fh>^@_ev kZfhe_lZ wdaZf_gZpbhggZy >kœwkœkœ@by [ukljuc >l@_fi rbjhdh_ >rhkw@ k\_`bc fZch>g@_a ^\b]Zl_ev ijh]>jœ@_kkZ khe^ZlkdZy rb>gœ@_ev \dmkguc [m>l@_j[jh^ ieZ\Zl_evguc [Z>kœ@_cg keb\hqguc d>jœ@_f gZmqguc >lœ@_jfbg kh\j_f_gguc dhfivx>l@_j >^œ@_nbkgh_ gZibkZgb_ ihklZ\blv lb>j@_ Bevbgb>rg@Z dhg_>rg@h gZjh>rg@h kdm>rg@h >rl@h[u >r@lh Z Lhevdh l\_j^u_ kh]eZkgu_ kdZaZe klhe hohlZ k[hj [
lhevdh fy]db_ kh]eZkgu_ mqbl_ev ^_eblv \ l\_j^u_ b fy]db_ kh]eZkgu_ l_ljZ^v koh^b f_^\_^b Hev]Z klheiblvky aZ\b^gh y]h^Z ] lhevdh a\hgdb_ kh]eZkgu_ f_^\_^b Hev]Z aZ\b^gh k[hj y]h^Z ^ lhevdh ]emob_ kh]eZkgu_ hohlZ _ a\hgdb_ b ]em ob_ kh]eZkgu_ mqbl_ev kdZaZe l_ljZ^v klhe koh^b ^_eblv klheiblvky i ² >i@ k ² >a@ [ ² >[@ k ² >k@ l ² >l@ h ² >Z@ ^ ² >^@ j ² >j@ h ² >h@ l ² >l@ Z ² >Z@ h ² >h@ e ² >e@ j ² >j@ l ² >lœ@ k ² >kœ@ [ ² >i@ Z ² >Z@ v ² g_l a\mdZ v ² g_l a\mdZ l ² >lœ@ v ² g_l a\mdZ d ² >d@ g ² >g@ ` ² >`@ k ² >k@ Z ² >Z@ h ² >h@ b ² >u@ l ² >l@ r ² >r@ ` ² >r@ a ² >aœ@ h ² >h@ Z ² >Z@ g ² >gœ@ ] ² >d@ v ² g_l a\mdZ
:a[mdZ [ukljhlZ \heZg ]_j[Zjbc ^hf _ev z` `bagv aZ\ljZd b]eZ ch^ dZrlZg ebeh\uc fZebgh\uc gZklmjpby h\Ze i_j_f_gZ jhah\uc kbj_g_\uc lZ[ebpZ mebpZ nbhe_lh \uc oZjZdl_jbklbdZ pbnjZ qbklhlZ rmfguc szldZ wlZ`_jdZ x[be_c yglZjguc ihgjZ\blvky ² >iZgjZ\œbpZ@ ihe ² >ihe@ Zj[ma ² >Zj[mk@ ghk ² >ghk@ jh] ² >jhd@ Zbkl ² >Zbkl@ \ba] ² >\œbkd@ b]jZ ² >b]jZ@ pZiey ² >pZieœZ@ Zdlzj ² >Zdlœhj@ Hjnhwiby ² jZa^_e gZmdb h jmkkdhf yaud_ bamqZxsbc ijZ\bevgh_ ijhbaghr_gb_ a\mdh\ keh\ b m^Zj_gb_ \ keh\Zo nh g_lbdZ ² jZa^_e gZmdb h yaud_ bamqZxsbc a\mdb j_qb ljZgk djbipby ² i_j_^ZqZ a\mdh\ j_qb keh\Z gZ ibkvf_ a\md a\mdZ a\mdZ a\mdZ e_gv _oZlv ih_a^dZ kt_a^ kZexl x`guc j_rZxl \vx]Z \i_jz^ z`bd ihzl jm`vz fylv YelZ ijbylguc h[ty\bl i_lv _ev [hxkv \vxg iylzjdZ ydhjv jhyev [vzrv exd x[dZ ijh_a^ h[t_^bgblv Z ;md\ [hevr_ q_f a\mdh\ gZkeZ`^Zlvky k\_jdZlv k\b^_ l_ev ]hj_lv [ A\mdh\ [hevr_ q_f [md\ `_eZgb_ xguc bgnhjfZpby md jZr_gb_ � � � � � � � <_alb ^bZeh] ^m`dZ >`œ@xjb aZ\b^gh a\hgbrv e_kgbd � � � � � k^_eZlv � � ex[h\v fy>oœdœ@bc ihjlj_l klhjh` l_ljZ^v pu]Zg � � q_j_kqmj yb>rg@bpZ DZi_evdb hk_gg_]h lmfZgZ kl_dZeb k [_j_a � ghqœMœm � � � � b^m it ]emohfm eœwkm@ >MœZ� Z^œbg � >eœhoœ²dœbMœ@ ² keh]Z kh]e a\hgd fy]d >eœ@ ²
]eZkg m^Zjg >h@ ² kh]e ]emo fy]d >oœ@ ² kh]e ]emo fy]d >dœ@ ² ]eZkg [_am^ >b@ ² kh]e a\hgd fy]d >Mœ@ ² a\mdh\ Ez]dbc ² [md\ Ez>oœdœ@bc >Zc ² a\ [ klZe ² a\ [ klZev ² a\ [ Švª a\mdZ g_ h[hagZqZ_l ^Zevgbc ² a\ [ Švª a\mdZ g_ h[hagZ qZ_l kdZfvy ² a\ [ Švª ² a\mdZ g_ h[hagZqZ_l Šyª h[h agZqZ_l a\mdZ l\hc ² a\ [ `bagv ² a\ [ Švª a\mdZ g_ h[hagZqZ_l ih_klv ² a\ [ Š_ª h[hagZqZ_l a\mdZ Švª g_ h[hagZqZ_l a\mdZ ihy\e_gb_ ² a\ [ Šyª Š_ª h[hagZ qZxl ih a\mdZ E_k iZog_l ^m[hf b khkghc � >kZk ghMœ@ ² keh]Z kh]e ]emo l\ >k@ ² ]eZkg [_am^ >Z@ ² kh]e ]emo l\ >k@ ² kh]e a\hgd l\ >g@ ² ]eZkg m^Zjg >h@ ² kh]e a\hgd fy]d >Mœ@ ² a\mdh\ Khkghc ² [md\ [_a hjnh]jZffu k hjnh]jZffhc ihe_ \h^Z djZc [_`Zlv lhf ]hjZ ehf fhy lZcgZ jmdZ
G_ mkeh\guf a\mdZf lhevdh mqblky j_[_ghd bamqZy jh^ ghc yaud gh iv_l ^moh\gmx `bagv b kbem ba jh^bfhc ]jm^b jh^ gh]h keh\Z
Gb\u k`Zlu jhsb ]heu
>j_fe_l \ajulZy ^hjh]Z
Dhe_khf aZ kbgb ]hju
Qlh kh\k_f ² kh\k_f g_fgh]h
Hl \h^u lmfZg b kujhklv Khegp_ lboh_ kdZlbehkv
?c k_]h^gy ijbf_qlZehkv
@^Zlv abfu k_^hc hklZehkv
K`Zlu kujhklv hklZehkv K ijh\_j ]eZkgufb K g_ijh\_j ]eZkgufb \ha\jZsZlvky ² \ha\jZl ebfhgu ba e_kZ ² e_k dZgbdmeu mf_gvrZ_lky ² f_gvr_ fhjdh\gu_ \a]eygmlv ² \a]ey^ dhle_lu ^h`^eb\uc ² ^h`^v jy[bgu k\_lysbcky ² k\_l q_eh\_d a_e_g_xsbc ² a_e_gv ² a_ aZyp e_guc q_eh\_d m\e_dZl_evgZy ² m\e_qvky agZf_gbluc m^b\bl_evguc ² ^b\h mgb\_jkbl_l aZf_qZl_evguc ² aZf_lblv \ujZabl_evgZy ij_ih^Z\Zl_ev ² ^Zlv g_ij_h^hebfh_ ij_iylkl\b_ Hk_ggyy jhaZ HkuiZe e_k k\hb \_jrbgu KZ^ h[gZ`be k\h_ q_eh >hogme k_gly[jv b ]_hj]bgu >uoZgv_f ghqb h[h`]eh Gh \ ^mgh\_gbb fhjhaZ F_`^m ih]b[rbfb h^gZ Ebrv lu h^gZ pZjbpZ ² jhaZ ;eZ]hmoZggZ b iurgZ GZaeh `_klhdbf bkiulZgvyf B aeh[_ ]Zkgms_]h ^gy
Lu hq_jlZgv_f b ^uoZgv_f <_kghx \__rv gZ f_gy ;_am^Zjgu_ ]eZkgu_ dhjgy
ijh\_jy_fu_ g_ijh\_jy_fu_ ba^Ze_dZ [ZgZgu \[ebab Zi_evkbgu fbjblvky dZjlhn_ev ihdZaZlvky dZimklZ jZa\_\Zlvky [bghdev ^_j_\ygguc i_jbeZ jZa]Z^Zlv fZg^Zjbgu \h^ygbkluc yaudh\hc hlebqblvky q_eh\_q_kdbc l_q_gb_ =h\hjbf _kl_kl\_ggh _^bf q_eh\_q_kdbc yaud y\ey_l ky \jh`^_gguf K ^Z\gbo ihj klZe q_eh\_d keh\Zjv aZ^mfu\Zlvky gZ^ Â? l_f qlh `_ ij_^klZ\ey_l ij_^klZ\v kh[hc yaud dZd hg mkljh_g Â? q_f hlebqZ_lky hlebqb_ _]h jh^ghc yaud hl yaudh\ ^jm]bo gZ jh^h\ keh\Zjv q_f hlebqZ_lky yaud ex^_c hl kb]gZevguo keh Â? \Zjv djbdh\ a\_j_c a\_jv q_f hlebqZ_lky gZr jZa]h\hjguc ]h\hj yaud hl ^jm]bo kj_^kl\ k\yab q_eh\_q_kdh]h keh\Zjv
� h[s_kl\Z � � LZd klZeZ jh`^Zlvky jh^u ebg]\bklbdZ Šebg]\Zª ² yaud
² gZmdZ h aZdhgZo keh\Zjv yaudZ � � � � g_fgh]hkeh\b_ ij_^bkeh\b_ Keh\Zjv ² keh\h aehkeh\blv keh\_kguc keh\Zjguc [_kkeh\_kguc AZoe_klgmeZ ² aZoe_klu\Zlv ]hem[dZ ² ]hem[mrdZ \_ldm ² \_lhqdm k_lv ² k_lb
ih^ihea ² ih^ihea_l
AZoe>bw@klgmeZ >M¶bw@]h g>bw@keZ m\b^>bw@eZ lhg>bw@l >M¶bw@fm me>bw@l_eZ Eh^dZ ² eh^hqdZ gbadh gbadbf ² gbahd h[e_]q_gb_f e_]dbf ² e_]hd khegp_ ² khegurdh kd\hav ² kd\habl [_k_^dZ ² [_k_^hqdZ dhehggZfb keh\Zjv \^jm] keh\Zjv kqZkleb\mx ² kqZklv_ a\md ² a\mdb H[e_]q_gb_f ² e_]dbc \bk_eZ ² \bkg_l ba^Ze_dZ hl^Ze_g guc ² ^Zev Z =emob_ b a\hgdb_ kh]eZkgu_ \dmkguc ieh^ ieh^u ^_j_\ygguc iehl iehlu gZclb ]jb[ ]jb[u ]em[hdbc ijm^ ijm^u lhgdbc ijml ijmlbd Fh]mqbc ^m[ ^m[u ljm^ ljm ^u kljhbl_ey [ M^\h_ggu_ kh]eZkgu_ ijbclb \ deZkk dZjbdZlmjZ gZ h^gh deZkkgbdZ l_jjblhjby rdheu E_lgyy l_jjZkZ bgl_j_kgZy ijh n_kkby \ G_ijhbaghkbfu_ kh]eZkgu_ iha^gbc ² hiha^Zlv ijZa^ gbqguc keh\Zjv g_q_klguc ² q_kl_g Ij_e_klgh_ ij_e_klv
^bly fhb k\_jklgbdb keh\Zjv Kh]eZkguc g_ ijhbaghkblky Z [md\Z ibr_lky kljZklgh_ `_eZgb_ ² kljZklv ba\_klguc Zjlbkl ² ba\_klb_
a^jZ\kl\mc ² a^hjh\Zlvky ]jhfdh k\bklgmlv ² k\bkl mqZklgbd n_klb\Zey ² mqZklb_
Kh]eZkguc g_ ijhbaghkblky b khhl\_lkl\mxsZy [md\Z g_
ibr_lky hl\_kgZy kdZeZ ² hl\_k hiZkguc kimkd ² hiZk_g qm^_kgZy dgb]Z ² qm^_k_g \dmkguc aZ\ljZd ² \dmk_g >_^mrdZ ?]hj ² bkdmkguc j_aqbd ih ^_j_\m
©Hg ijhklh bkdmkgbd ª ² \hkobsZeZkv Hev]Z jZ[hlhc ihjlgh]h
Fgh]b_ j_[ylZ gZr_]h deZkkZ f_qlZxl h\eZ^_lv ih\Zjkdbf
bkdmkkl\hf
Kl_gu ijhklhjgh]h oheeZ [ueb mdjZr_gu bkdmkkl\_ggufb
p\_lZfb
� ² kibrm k ^hkdb Ki rm Ki_rm \ rdhem ki_rdZ � kibr_l � H[`Zlv H[b`Zlv feZ^rbo h[b^Z ² h[_`Zlv \hdjm] ^hfZ � [_] � � <u` lv <u`Zlv ihehl_gp_ `Zlv ² \u`blv \ [hx `blv � � Jh a k ;ukljh jhk jhkeb ² [md_l jha jhau � � E_ k a O\hcguc e_k e_kZ ² e_a gZ djurm e_am � JZa\ \Zlvky Klj_fbl_evgh jZa\b\Zlvky jZa\blb_ ² jZa\_ � \Zlvky gZ \_ljm \__l � JZaj ^blv JZajy^blv jm`v_ jZajy^dZ ² jZaj_^blv fhjdh\v � j_^dbc >j_fmqZy qZsZ qmldbc lh\Zjbs ghqgZy lbrv `b\b l_evguc jh^gbd `b\hibkgZy f_klghklv `bag_jZ^hklguc oZjZd l_j `bjgZy smdZ qZjmxsb_ a\mdb g_h[tylgZy rbjv b]jmr_q guc `bjZn sZ^blv khi_jgbdZ qm\kl\h\Zlv kljZo smieuc iZjgbrdZ qZcguc k_j\ba hkljhmfgZy qZklmrdZ qZoeh_ jZkl_ gb_ smiZevpZ hkvfbgh]Z rbdZjguc gZjy^ khe^ZlkdZy rbg_ev f_klguc `bl_ev qmfZauc fZeur ]b]Zglkdh_ qm^h\bs_ hqZjh \Zl_evgZy f_eh^by sZ\_e_\uc kmi \ujZs_gguc sZ\_ev h[ud gh\_ggh_ qm^h qm^_kguc ijZa^gbd @_\Zlv `z\Zguc r_ilZlv rzihl `Ze_lv `Zehklv r_e_kl_lv r_e_kl `_klhdbc `_klygdZ `_klv Dhg_p ² dhgqbd il_g_p ² il_gqbd ghqv ² ghqgbd Zj fZlmjZ ² ZjfZlmjsbd k\Zjblv ² k\Zjsbd dZf_gv ² dZf_gsbd gygy ² gygqblv fhsv ² fhsguc kh[bjZlv ² k[hjsbd kde kde kde ba aZ lmq ihkljhcdZ ^Zq
hkljuc f_q i_jhqbgguc gh` fgh]h mqbebs
k_jZy furv kihkh[gZy fheh^_`v q_jgZy lmrv mlj_ggyy lbrv dhehkbklZy jh`v
G_k_rvky kdhevabrv \afu\Z_rv [jhkZ_rvky bkke_^m _rv bkiulu\Z_rv
M\e_dZl_evgh ² m\e_qvky kdhevabrv ² kdhevadh gZijy`_ gby ² gZijyqvky ^_jaZcl_ ² ^_jahklv Bf_gZ kms_kl\bl_evgu_ =eZ]heu kde kde kde [_a ky l_ k ky l_ fgh]h aZ^Zq ba m^bebs ba aZ lmq k ie_q k djmq fyq
jhkdhrv [jhrv ^hqv
jbkm_rv g_ ieZqv kl_j_qv
mfu\Z_rvky ieZqvl_ kljbqvky
Ba ^Zevg_c dhfgZlu [ue keur_g ]jhfdbc ieZq kms ©G_ ieZqv ]eZ] ih`ZemcklZ KZrZª ² mijZrb\ZeZ fZfZ < dhgp_ keh\ jmkkdh]h yaudZ qZklh \klj_qZxlky rbiysb_ GZijbf_j j_qv f_q hl ^Zq ih_rv djZkm_rvky Ihke_ rbiysbo bgh]^Z ibr_lky V bgh]^Z g_ ibr_lky < bf_gZo kms_kl\bl_evguo V ibr_lky lhevdh \ keh\Zo kdehg_gby GZijbf_j kmrv ]emrv j_qv jh`v ihfhsv < kms_ kl\bl_evguo b kdehg_gby V g_ ibr_lky GZijbf_j ieZs iexr aZ^Zq [_a djZ` < ]eZ]heZo ihke_ rbiysbo V ibr_lky \k_]^Z \dexqZy nhjfu k ky l_ GZijbf_j [_j_qv [_j_qvky gjZ\brvky kt_rvl_ b^_rv >bdlZgl Jhkdhrv ba mqbebs jbkm_rv ih^t_a`Z_rv kljbqvky ieZs ihfhsv k[hjgbd aZ^Zq \jZq djZkm_rvky kf__rvky mfgh`vl_ kijyqvl_ dexq kbygv_ k\_q T V ih^t_a^ ivx h[ty\e_gb_
\vx]Z
h[t_^bgblv
h[_avygZ
kt_`blvky kt_oZlv
k_jv_aguc ebkvb
;mjvyg h[ty\blv kt_klv [Zjv_j jZat_^bgblv k\bgvb \hjh[vb ebkvb hlt_a^ h[tykgblv Ktz`brvky jZat_a^ ij_^ty\eylv ij_^tx[be_cguc Rvx fmjZ\vb \vzrv jvygh iv_^_klZe H[t_dlb\ghklv h[t_^bg_gb_ jmqvb ih^tzf dhehkvy \vxg jZatyj_gguc \vx]Z ih^t_a^ ilbqvb K\_jofhsguc q_luj_owlZ`guc \k_h[t_fexsbc kwdh ghfblv [_ah[eZqguc Ebkv_]h o\hklZ \heqv_]h Zii_lblZ aZyqv_c dZimklu f_^\_`v_c [_jeh]b kh[Zqv_c dhgmju [Zjkmqv_c ghju djhebqv _c de_ldb dhrZqv_c fbkdb JZat_a^ hlt_a`Zlv kt_a^ \t_a^ bat_a^blv h[t_a^blv ih^t_a^ JZat_^Zlv hlt_^Zlvky kt_^h[guc \t_^eb\hklv bat_^_gguc h[t_^Zgb_ ih^t_^Zlv Hlty\eylvky baty\eylv h[ty\eylvky ij_^ty\eylv Fhkd\Z ² iheblbq_kdbc bg^mkljbZevguc gZmqguc b dmevlmjguc p_glj gZr_c kljZgu Wlh \Z`g_crbc `_e_agh^h jh`guc \ha^mrguc \h^guc b Z\lhfh[bevguc ma_e k\yau\Zx sbc __ g_h[tylgu_ ijhklhju Hdj_klghklb Fhkd\u gZ j_^dhklv `b\hibkgu ;_kdjZcgb_ ^Zeb [uklju_ \vxsb_ky ih ^hebgZf j_qdb ijb\_leb\u_ k\_l eu_ e_kZ Ih F Bevbgm
Dheurmlky `_el_xsb_ gb\u >bkd khegpZ ahehlhc aZ jhs_x bkq_a B ]Zkgml m` aZjb \_q_jg_c i_j_eb\u
Â? ;jhkZy lbobc k\_l gZ [e_^guc k\h^ g_[_k G =j_dh\
;_am^Zjguc ijh\_jy_fuc ]eZkguc \ dhjg_ keh\Z `_el_xsb_ ahehlhc \_q_jg_c [jhkZy g_[_k
Ijh\_jy_fuc ]emohc a\hgdbc kh]eZkguc \ dhjg_ keh\Z ^bkd bkq_a k\_l k\h^ G_ijhbaghkbfuc kh]eZkguc \ dhjg_ keh\Z khegpZ Q_j_^h\Zgb_ ]eZkguo \ dhjg_ aZjb H[ty\e_gb_ rvxl rZfibgvhg Z^txlZgl ij_^tx[be_c guc fmjZ\vb Meu[Z_rvky kl_j_qv i_qv ieZqvl_ mfgh`vl_ ihfhsv jhkdhrv ^hqv [jhrv J_qdZ j_qghc gygqblv `_gsbgZ [ZjZ[Zgsbd dZeZgqZ ghqghc ^hqdZ @blh iZ`b e_`b fZeurb rbeh fZrbgZ qZcgbd qZ klguc ih^ZqZ imsZ ijhsZc qZsZ qm^guc qmedb qm`hc rm qm hlimsm smiZevp_ ijhsm Keblgh JZa^_evgh g_gZ\b^_lv g_a^hjh\blky g_\heblv g_k^h[jh\Zlv g_^hex[eb\Z_l g_^hmf_\Z_l
g_ fh] g_ ihr_e g_ ohl_e g_ ihqm\kl\h\Ze g_ kdjbibl g_ ohq_l
g_ ex[brv g_ ij_ih^g_k_l g_ ij_ke_^m_l g_ h[t_^bgylv g_ kt_a`Zlv g_ ev_rv g_ [ue g_ `be g_ ^Ze
Gbdlh g_ g_\hebe __ \ha\jZsZlvky Hgb g_\aex[beb wlhl imklujv k i_j\h]h \a]ey^Z G_k^h[jh\Zlv k_]h^gy gZr_fm dhlm <Zkvd_ <k_ g_^hmf_\Zeb ih ih\h^m kemqb\r_]hky < e_km fu j_rbeb g_ m^Zeylvky ^jm] hl ^jm]Z E_cl_gZgl j_rbe g_ ij_ke_ ^h\Zlv gZjmrbl_ey Z khh[sblv h g_f ih jZpbb gZ [eb`Zcrbc fbebp_ckdbc ihkl ?fm \h\k_ g_ ohl_ehkv h]hjqZlv jh^bl_e_c k\hbf ih\_^_gb_f Hg g_ fh] m^_j`Zlvky hl jZkkijhkh\ g_ iZ^Zcl_ ^mohf g_ hl\_j]Zcl_ fh_]h ij_^eh`_gby g_ jZah[jZ\rbkv \ ^_e_ g_ ihqm\kl\mx \bgu g_evay g_ hl[eZ]h^Zjblv aZ ihfhsv g_ kt_
`b\Zcky hl oheh^Z g_ ihaZ\b^m_rv lhfm dlh \ [_^_ g_\aex[blv k i_j\h]h \a]ey^Z g_ [eZ]h^Zjbl_ f_gy g_^hmf_\Zlv ih dZ`^hfm ih\h^m lh\Zjbsm g_a^hjh\behkv _fm g_k^h[jh\Zlv Z ihqm\kl\mx [ hl[eZ]h^Zjblv \ g_k^h[jh\Zlv B pZjbpZ ohohlZlv b ie_qZfb ih`bfZlv b ih^fb]b\Zlv ]eZaZfb b ijbs_edb\Zlv i_jklZfb b \_jl_lvky ih^[hqZkv ]hj^h \ a_jdZevp_ ]ey^ykv Dj_idh k\yaZgu _c ehdlb ihiZ^_lky a\_jx \ dh]lb DZd ly]Zlvky _c kh fghx" Y \ g_c ^mjv lh mkihdhx Dhjhe_\bq ?ebk_c ihfheykv mk_j^gh ;h]m hlijZ\ey_lky \ ^h jh]m ;v_lky e_[_^v kj_^v au[_c dhjrmg ghkblky gZ^ g_c DhjZ[_evsbdb ^b\ylky gZ dhjZ[ebd_ lheiylky gZ agZdhfhf hkljh\m qm^h \b^yl gZy\m Dgyav ij_^ g_x klZe [h`blvky qlh ihjZ _fm `_gblvky Fhj_ \a^m_lky [mjeb\h aZdbibl ih^uf_l \hc oeug_l gZ [_j_] imklhc jZkie_kg_lky \ kdhjhf [_]_ b hqmlyl ky gZ [j_]_ \ q_rm_ dZd `Zj ]hjy ljb^pZlv ljb [h]Zlujy Ba kdZahd : ImrdbgZ
DjZkb\uc ² ij_djZkguc fbeh\b^guc ohjhr_gvdbc fb e_gvdbc ij_e_klguc h[\hjh`bl_evguc kbfiZlbqguc fbeuc hqZjh\Zl_evguc ijb]h`bc ijb\e_dZl_evguc ie_gbl_evguc Fbehk_j^b_ ² khkljZ^Zgb_ qmldh_ hlghr_gb_ d dhfm eb [h =h\hjblv ² kdZaZlv aZf_lblv hlha\Zlvky hldebdgmlvky ih\lhjblv fhe\blv ^h[Z\blv \hkdebdgmlv aZy\blv ^hihegblv hl\_lblv ijhbag_klb h[tykgblv \_sZlv \klZ\eylv fhehlv jZa] g_klb jZa] ie_klb jZa] baj_dZlv GZ gZk kfhljbl kbfiZlbqgh_ fbeh_ ebph ^_\mrdb ?_ em dZ\Zy obljZy meu[dZ kf_xsb_ky \_k_eu_ ]eZaZ aZklZ\eyxl b gZk meu[gmlvky b ihjZ^h\Zlvky __ kqZklvx @bag_jZ^hklgh_ [h^jh_ gZkljh_gb_ i_j_^Z_lky gZf b gZ\_jgh_ ihwlhfm lZd ijbylgh hl jZ^gh kfhlj_lv gZ wlm ^_\mrdm ex[h\Zlvky __ h^_`^hc IeZlv_ ^_\mrdb ba ijhajZqgh]h ijhk\_qb\Zxs_]hky fZl_ jbZeZ Hgh ih^q_jdb\Z_l g_`ghklv b fheh^hklv :jk_gv_\hc __ baukdZgguc lhgdbc \dmk
Hsms_gb_ jZ^hklb ijZa^gbdZ hklZ_lky hl wlhc dZjlbgu OjZgbebs_ ² wlh ihf_s_gb_ ^ey ojZg_gby dZf_gbkluc ² kh^_j`Zsbc dZfgb `bebs_ ² wlh ihf_s_gb_ \ dhlhjhf `b\ml h[s_`blb_ ² wlh ihf_s_gb_ ^ey kh\f_klgh]h ijh`b\Z gby klm^_glh\ beb jZ[hqbo aZkl_deblv ² \klZ\blv dm^Z gb[m^v kl_deZ jZihjlh\Zlv ² ij_^klZ\blv jZihjl ba\_klblv ² khh[ sblv ba\_klb_ kdjbimqbc ² ba^Zxsbc kdjbi ojZ[j_p ² ojZ[ juc q_eh\_d AgZq_gb_ keh\Z H^ghdhj_ggu_ Keh\h kbghgbfu
keh\Z djZldbc
djhldbc
Keh\h
mfZeylv mfheylv mfbeylv f_evqblv
g_^he]bc dhjhldbc kfbjguc ihdhjguc
AgZq_gb_ keh\Z kbghgbfu
mf_gvrZlv mijZrb\Zlv ljh]Zlv ^jh[blv
djZldhklv khdjZlblv djhlhklv mdjhlblv
H^ghdhj_ggh_ ijh\_jhqgh_ keh\h
fZeuc fhebl fbeuc f_edbc
< kmf_jdZo ihf_jdeh f_jpZeb Kbghgbfu H^ghdhj_ggu_ keh\Z fZe_gvdbc
djhohlguc g_[hevrhc fbgbZlxjguc
fZeuc mfZeylv fZeur
=hjyqZy \h^Z ² oheh^gZy \h^Z ]jhfZ^guc ^hf ² fZ e_gvdbc ^hf jZa]h\hjqb\uc q_eh\_d ² fheqZeb\uc q_eh\_d dZ`^h^g_\guc ljm^ ² \ugm`^_ggh_ [_a^_ev_ ]jhfdh ju^Zlv ² ]jhfdh kf_ylvky Keh\h g_ \hjh[_c \hjh[ur_d \ue_lbl ² g_ ihcfZ _rv Dhgy dhgb gZ \h``Zo \h``b g_ m^_j`brv Z keh\Z k yaudZ g_ \hjhlbrv K_j^_qgh_ k_j^p_ keh\h ^h k_j^pZ ^hoh
^bl FZeh_ keh\h [hevrmx [hevr_ h[b^m l\hjbl DjZkgh djZkguc ihe_ ir_ghf ir_gguc Z j_qv ² kemrZgv_f Keh]b Fhjn_fu Ijhe_lbrv ijh e_ lbrv ijhe_l brv Kfueb i_j_l_jeb hlfueb aZkl_debeb
Ijb_oZlv \t_oZlv m_oZlv i_j__oZlv kt_oZlv M ² m^Zeblvky mfqZlvky mieulv me_l_lv mkbeblv m\_ebqblv m[ukljblv m^ebgblv l_ev ² ebph ijhn_kkby kljhbl_ev \hkiblZl_ev jZ[hlh ^Zl_ev ij_^f_l \uijyfbl_ev ijhy\bl_ev \udexqZl_ev ©GZqZlv ^_ckl\b_ª ©AZdhgqblv ^_ckl\b_ª aZiheuoZeh hl]j_f_eb aZdjbqZeZ hlk\_jdZeb aZ\a^uoZeZ hlk\bkl_eb aZdjm`beZkv hliZoZeb hldhkbeb hlfhehlbeb < lmg^j_
< lZcfujkdhc lmg^j_ ]jb[u gbdh]^Z g_ [u\Zxl q_j\b\ufb q_j\v Ijb_a`Zcl_ _oZlv \ lmg^jm aZ ]jb[Zfb Hgb ihoh`b gZ ih^hkbgh\bdb lhevdh ]hjZa^h lhes_ fykbkl__ fykh b reyidZ reyiZ m gbo hdjZr_gZ dm^Z yjq_ q_f m x`guo : jZklml hgb \hae_ kl_exsboky ih a_fe_ qZoeuo dmklbdh\ [_j_au <u fh`_l_ gZ[jZlv \ lmg^j_ kdhevdh m]h^gh b f_edbo k_juo ih^[_j_ah\bdh\ b djmiguo lhevdh djmigu_ ih^[_j_ah\bdb gZ au\Zxl gZ^[_j_ah\bdZfb ihlhfm qlh hgb jZklml \ur_ k_\_jguo [_j_ahd Ih I Kb]mgh\m
Gb`_ q_]h gb[m^v ih^a_f_ev_ ih^ehdhlgbd ih^[hjh ^hd ih^^hg ih^]eZagbd ih^dhi ih^r_jklhd
<ur_ q_]h gb[m^v gZ^[jh\v_ gZ^\h^guc gZ^a_fguc gZ^ kljhcdZ gZ^kljhqguc gZ^dhe_gguc Kb^_lv gZ klmevqbd_ Keh\h gZ klmevqbd_ ² kms_kl\bl_evgh_ <u^_ey_f hdhg qZgb_ _ dhlhjh_ mdZau\Z_l gZ nhjfm kms_kl\bl_evgh]h kde _^ q I i Kms_kl\bl_evgh_ klmevqbd h[hagZqZ_l ŠfZe_gvdbc klmeª AgZq_gb_ ŠfZe_gvdbcª ijb^Z_l keh\m kmnnbdk qbd ^b\Zgqbd ² ŠfZe_gvdbc ^b\Zgª fhlhjqbd ² ŠfZe_gvdbc fhlhjª H[hagZqZ _f kmnnbdk qbd
Dhj_gv klme gZoh^bf \ jh^kl\_gguo keh\Zo klme klmeh\hc
klmevqZd H[hagZqZ_f dhj_gv klme
BlZd \ keh\_ ljb fhjn_fu gZ klmevqbd _
Moh^yl ba ^hfZ Keh\h moh^yl ² ]eZ]he <u^_ey_f hdhgqZgb_ yl dhlhjh_ mdZau\Z_l gZ nhjfm ]eZ]heZ ]h ebpZ fg q =eZ]he moh^yl h[hagZqZ_l Šb^y m^Zeyxlkyª AgZq_gb_ Šm^Z eyxlkyª ijb^Z_l keh\m ijbklZ\dZ m me_l_lv ² Še_ly m^Zeblv kyª mieulv ² Šieu\y m^Zeblvkyª H[hagZqZ_f ijbklZ\dm m
Dhj_gv oh^ gZoh^bf \ jh^kl\_gguo keh\Zo oh^v[Z i_j_oh
^blv \uoh^ H[hagZqZ_f dhj_gv oh^
BlZd \ keh\_ ljb fhjn_fu moh^ yl
Ex[h\Zlvky dhl_gdhf Keh\h dhl_gdhf ² kms_kl\bl_evgh_ <u^_ey_f hdhgqZgb_ hf dhlhjh_ mdZau\Z_l gZ nhjfm kms_kl\bl_evgh]h kde _^ q L i Kms_kl\bl_evgh_ dhl_ghd h[hagZqZ_l Š^_l_gur dhrdbª AgZq_gb_ Š^_l_gurª ijb^Z_l keh\m kmnnbdk _ghd ebk_ghd ² Š^_l_gur ebkuª \hjhg_ghd ² Š^_l_gur \hjhguª H[hagZqZ_f kmnnbdk _gd h ² [_]euc ]eZkguc
Dhj_gv Âądhl gZoh^bf \ jh^kl\_gguo keh\Zo dhl dhlylZ dh
lbd H[hagZqZ_f dhj_gv Âądhl
BlZd \ keh\_ ljb fhjn_fu dhl_gd hf
>hkfhljyl nbevf Keh\h ^hkfhljyl ² ]eZ]he <u^_ey_f hdhgqZgb_ yl dhlh jh_ mdZau\Z_l gZ nhjfm ]eZ]heZ ]h ebpZ fg q =eZ]he ^hkfhljyl h[hagZqZ_l ©ihkfhljyl ^h dhgpZª AgZq_ gb_ ©^h dhgpZª ijb^Z_l keh\m ijbklZ\dZ ^h ^h^_eZlv ² ©k^_ eZlv ^h dhgpZª ^hqblZlv ² ©ijhqblZlv ^h dhgpZª H[hagZqZ_f ijbklZ\dm ^h Dhj_gv kfhlj gZoh^bf \ jh^kl\_gguo keh\Zo hkfhlj_lv
kfhlj ijbkfhlj_lv H[hagZqZ_f dhj_gv kfhlj
BlZd \ keh\_ ljb fhjn_fu ^hkfhlj yl B^_ZevgZy qbklhlZ qbkluc ² qZklhlZ qZkluc dhe_[Z gbc aZi_\Zxl i_lv ohjhf ² aZib\Zxl iblv e_dZjkl\h ijb f_jy_rv f_jblv dhklxf ² ijbfbjy_rv fbj khi_jgbdh\ >Zev ² \b^g__lky \^Zeb ijb_oZlv ba^Ze_dZ fheqZ m^Z eblvky >he ² ^hebgZ jha rbjhdh_ jZa^hev_ Ih ]hjZf ih ^heZf ^he oh^bl rm[Z ^Z dZnlZg GZ^ j_dhc ih\bkeh djZr_gh_ dhjhfukeh JZ^m]Z
DjZkgZy ^_\bpZ kb^bl \ l_fgbp_ Z dhkZ gZ mebp_ Fhjdh\v
Kms_kl\bl_evgh_ kde qZk gme_\h_ hdhgqZgb_ mdZau\Z_l gZ kde bf beb < i _^ q ijboh^be gme_\h_ hdhgqZgb_ mdZau\Z_l gZ ijhr \j _^ q f j lmq gme_\h_ hdhgqZgb_ mdZau\Z_l gZ kde fg q J i furv gme_\h_ hdhgqZgb_ mdZau\Z_l gZ kde bf beb < i _^ q Bfy Bfy =eZ]he kms_kl\bl_evgh_ ijbeZ]Zl_evgh_ dlh" dZdhc" dZdZy" qlh ^_eZlv" qlh" dZdh_" qlh k^_eZlv" fZ]Zabg
kihjlb\guc
[_`Zlv
Bfy kms_kl\bl_evgh_ dlh" qlh"
kheh\_c dZe_g^Zjv a_feygbdZ dZimklZ ]Za_lZ dhkl_j dhl_ghd
Bfy ijbeZ]Zl_evgh_ dZdhc" dZdZy" dZdh_"
a\hgdh]hehkuc djZkb\uc ^mrbkluc p\_lghc \_k_euc
=eZ]he
qlh ^_eZlv" qlh k^_eZlv"
kfhlj_lv ijhqblZlv ih^hclb klhylv
;_]ml dZd" [ukljh kfhljbl dZd" \_k_eh klhylv ]^_" \i_ j_^b \ d k ² ij_^eh]b FqZeky dZd" klj_fbl_evgh ihkfhlj_e dm^Z" \i_j_^ gZibr_f dh]^Z" \_q_jhf kf_yeky dZd" ]jhfdh m_oZe dm^Z"
dm^Z lh keurblky ]^_" kijZ\Z ijbe_l_e hldm^Z" ba^Ze_dZ oehigme aZq_f" gZaeh gZqg_lky dh]^Z" \_kghc ih\lhjblv kdhevdh jZa" ljb`^u l_ieuc dZd" ih \_k_gg_fm ;m^m kem`blv dZd" keZ\gh dZd" mk_j^gh dZd" bk ijZ\gh klZeh dZd" g_\fhqv bkihegbe dZd" lhqv \ lhqv bk ijZ\gh gZkdhevdh" hq_gv >\b]Zeky dZd" [ukljh f_^e_ggh _e_ _e_ g_lhjhieb\h HklZgh\beky ]^_" \^Zeb kaZ^b a^_kv g_\^Ze_d_ Kfhljbl dm^Z" \^Zev \\_jo lm^Z gZijZ\h Ijbe_lbl dh]^Z" \_kghc aZ\ljZ \_q_jhf k_cqZk jZgh Kf_ yeky dZd" ]jhfdh a\hgdh aZeb\bklh =h\hjblv dZd" r_ihlhf ih Zg]ebckdb ijZ\bevgh ]jZfhl gh bgl_j_kgh K^_eZeZ aZq_f" gZaeh gZjhqgh ki_pbZevgh gZ kf_o JZ[hlZe kdhevdh" fgh]h fZeh qmlv qmlv g_fgh]h dlh" dZdhc" qlh ^_eZlv" dZd" dm^Z" qlh" dZdZy" b l ^ qlh k^_eZlv" hldm^Z" dh]^Z" bfy kms_kl bfy ijbeZ]Z ]eZ]he gZj_qb_ \bl_evgh_ l_evgh_ iZjmk
kbj_g_\uc
mqblvky
[ukljh
dlh" qlh" bfy kms_kl \bl_evgh_
kqZklv_ ]hjh^ hdgh dhfivxl_j [_]hlgy [hjv[Z rbjbgZ
dZdhc" dZdZy" b l ^ bfy ijbeZ]Z l_evgh_
^h[juc k_jv_aguc [e_klysbc kbevguc \bkyqbc iheamqbc
qlh ^_eZlv" dZd" dm^Z" qlh k^_eZlv" hldm^Z" dh]^Z" ]eZ]he gZj_qb_
meu[gmlvky m\y^Zlv k\bkl_lv jZ[hlZlv
baysgh f]gh\_ggh gZijZ\h \\_jo \i_j_^ ba^Ze_dZ
Bfy kms_kl\bl_evgh_ ² wlh qZklv j_qb dhlhjZy bf__l agZq_gb_ ij_^f_lZ b hl\_qZ_l gZ \hijhku dlh" qlh" Bfy ijbeZ]Zl_evgh_ ² wlh qZklv j_qb dhlhjZy bf__l agZq_ gb_ ijbagZdZ ij_^f_lZ b hl\_qZ_l gZ \hijhku dZdhc" dZdZy" dZdh_" dZdb_" =eZ]he ² wlh qZklv j_qb dhlhjZy bf__l agZq_gb_ ^_ckl\by b hl\_qZ_l gZ \hijhku qlh ^_eZlv" qlh k^_eZlv" GZj_qb_ ² wlh qZklv j_qb dhlhjZy bf__l agZq_gb_ ijbagZdZ ^_ckl\by b hl\_qZ_l gZ \hijhku ]^_" dm^Z" dZd" dh]^Z" aZq_f" b ^j QZklv j_qb ² wlh lZdZy ]jmiiZ keh\ dhlhjZy bf__l h[s__ ]jZffZlbq_kdh_ agZq_gb_ Kms_kl\bl_evgu_ YrdZ jm[ZrdZ ^b\h ^hfhf ^hjh`db ihe e_i_rdb ieh^ kl_g_ hdg_ kl_deh IjbeZ]Zl_evgu_ [_eZy gh\hc djm]ehf =eZ]heu ijbr_e ijh[_]Z_l mklbeZ_l r_e \b^_e ih\bkeh p\_l_l ^Z_l m\y^Z_l mfbjZ_l GZj_qby dh\jhf fbfh \_kghc e_lhf hk_gvx abfhc ^g_f aZ ghqv R_klv q_eh\_d h^bggZ^pZlv y[ehd iylgZ^pZlv mq_gb dh\ ^\Z^pZlv iylv dbehf_ljh\ r_klv^_kyl k_fv e_l ^_\yghklh kZglbf_ljh\ ljbklZ k_fv^_kyl iylv kljZgbp lukyqZ ajbl_e_c fbeebhg [he_evsbdh\
AZyp \ e_k [_`Ze ih em]m Y ba e_km r_e ^hfhc ;_^guc aZyp k i_j_im]m LZd b k_e i_j_^h fghc LZd b h[f_j [_klhedh\uc Gh dhg_qgh \ lhl `_ fb] IhkdZdZe \ e_khd khkgh\uc KeurZ fhc \_k_euc djbd
B _s_ gZ\_jgh ^he]h K \_qghc ^jh`vx \ lbrbg_ >mfZe ]^_ gb[m^v ih^ _edhc H k_[_ b h[h fg_ >mfZe ]hj_klgh \a^uoZy Qlh ^jma_c lh m g_]h Ihke_ ^_^mrdb FZaZy G_ hklZehkv gbdh]h G Jm[ph\
K i_j_im]m ]^_ gb[m^v ² gZj_qby ;jxoh djZkgh_ i_kqZgh]h f_edh\h^vy aZ[hleb\uc hl_p iehlguc dhf iheguc rZj Kx^Z ijbieu\ml a^_kv \u\_^ml kgZqZeZ jh_l fZeh ihfZem h[jZam_lky Ij_djZkguc nbevf ij_djZkgZy dgb]Z ij_djZkgh_ ebph B ij_djZkgZy dgb]Z J ij_djZkghc dgb]b > ij_djZkghc dgb]_ < ij_djZkgmx dgb]m L ij_djZkghc dgb]hc I h ij_djZkghc dgb]_ Kdehg_gb_ _ _ _ oh^v[Z ]em[bgZ
kf_jq ieZq
fheh^_`v `Zehklv
_
[_]hlgy ijh[_`dZ q_jghlZ iyl_jdZ [_ebagZ qbklhlZ ih^jm`dZ
_
\_k_ev_ [Zeh\kl\h lZeZgl
fm^jhklv aZ\bklv
_
[eZ]hjh^kl\h \_ebdh^mrb_ ^jm]
\_`eb\hklv q_klghklv ykghklv
kljhx ]meyx kljhbrv ]mey_rv kljhbl ]mey_l
kljhbf ]mey_f kljhbl_ ]mey_l_ kljhyl ]meyxl
Qlh ^_eZlv" ² kfhlj_lv meu[Zlvky ijhbaghkblv de_ blv Qlh k^_eZlv" ² j_rblv hlijZ\blv meu[gmlvky ijh\_ jblv _^ q fg q e e e
EZa_j ² bfy kms fm` j _^ q B iZ^ < dhfgZl_ ² bfy kms `_g j _^ q I i Hdheh ]hjh^Z ² bfy kms fm` j _^ q J i Kljhbl ² gZkl \j _^ q _ e >mfZ_rv ² gZkl \j _^ q _ e Ihkljhbe ² ijhr \j _^ q f j @_elZy ebkl\Z ² bfy ijbeZ] _^ q `_g j B iZ^ DjZkb\hfm q_eh\_dm ² bfy ijbeZ] _^ q fm` j > i <_k_euo ^_\hq_d ² bfy ijbeZ] fg q J beb < i <_jgmeky ba ^_j_\gb J i [ue gZ ijh]med_ I i jZ[h lZ_l gZ n_jf_ I i `b\_l \ ]hjh^_ I i kjZ`Zlvky \ \ha^mo_ I i [_`bl ih himrd_ > i r_e ih mebp_ > i ^hfbd gZ \afhjv_ I i gZdehgbeky d g_fm > i [jhkbeky d g_fm > i ijb[Z\blv d iylb > i hlgylv hl r_klb J i
Qlh ijZ\bevgh" =j_qdZ \ i_qd_ =j_qdZ \ \Ze_gd_ <Ze_gdb gZ aZ\Zebgd_" I_qdZ gZ aZ\Zebgd_" <Ze_gdb \ i_qd_ <Ze_gdb \ ]j_qd_
GZ aZ\Zebgd_ ]j_qdZ" AZ\ZebgdZ \ i_qd_" KZih]b fhb ² kdjbi ^Z kdjbi ih^ [_j_ahx kZih]b fhb ² kdjbi ^Z kdjbi ih^ hkbghx B ih^ dZ`^hc [_j_ahc ² ]jb[ ih^[_j_ah\bd b ih^ dZ`^hc hkbghc ² ]jb[ ih^hkbgh\bd G Jm[ph\
Khegp_ kijylZehkv aZ [hj Qvb ]eZaZ k\_jdZxl" Dhl aZ[jZeky gZ aZ[hj ² I_j_^ kghf ]mey_l
Lbeb [hf lbeb [hf AZ]hj_eky dhrdbg ^hf Ih dZdhfm ih\h^m Dhl ihfqZeky ih \h^m" Y Dhaeh\kdbc
JZ[hlZxl gZ aZ\h^_ ijb\_alb ijb\_a ba fZ]ZabgZ ijb_oZlv k MdjZbgu ijb_^_f k MjZeZ \u]eygme \a]ey^ ba aZ m]eZ e_dZjkl\h hl ]heh\ghc ]heh\u ]heh\mrdZ [heb mdZaZlv gZ g_^hklZldb ]h\hjblv ]h\hj h ^_e_ AZieZlblv aZ [be_l ij_^hkl_j_qv hl hiZkghklb hlau\ h dgb]_ hlqblu\Zlvky h jZ[hl_ e_dZjkl\h ^ey k_j^pZ h[tykgblv aZ^Zqb
;_edZ i_k_gdb ih_l b hj_rdb \k_ ]jua_l Dlh lh l_j_f ijb[bjZe ^Z ohay_\ ih^`b^Ze <_l_j ih fhjx ]mey_l
b dhjZ[ebd ih^]hgy_l I_j_^ gbf fhe\Z [_`ZeZ [uev b g_
[uev jZa]eZrZeZ ;_ehqdZ ijb \k_o ahehlhc ]jua_l hj_o
bamfjm^_p \ugbfZ_l Z kdhjemidb kh[bjZ_l : ldZqboZ k ;Z
[Zjbohc ^Z k djb\hx ih\Zjbohc hdheh pZjy kb^yl IjZ\^m [Zxl beb e]ml ^b\Z y g_ \b`m lml
: Imrdbg
< jZ^hklb agZc f_jm \ [_^_ \_ju g_ l_jyc ]eZ] G_ [m^v ]eZ] mijyf Z [m^v ijyf Iehohc ^jm] dZd l_gv \ kheg_qguc ^_gv [_]b ² g_ m[_`brv ]eZ] \ iZkfmjguc ^_gv bsb ² g_ kus_rv ]eZ] Aehc q_eh\_d b kZfh]h k_[y g_gZ\b ^bl [_a G? g_ mihlj =hem[mrdZ dZd ohjhrZ Gm qlh aZ r_cdZ qlh aZ ]eZadb B Djueh\ KdZ`b dZ ^y^y \_^v g_^Zjhf Fhkd \Z kiZe_ggZy ih`Zjhf njZgpmam hl^ZgZ" F E_jfhglh\
IjZ\^m fhe\blv fheh^bpZ m` b \ijyfv [ueZ pZjbpZ : Imrdbg <hl pZjbpZ gZjy`Zykv i_j_^ a_jdZevp_f k\h bf i_j_fhe\beZky k gbf : Imrdbg DZd pZjbpZ hliju] g_l ^Z dZd jmqdm aZfZog_l ^Z ih a_jdZevpm dZd oehig_l : Imrdbg
G_m`_eb lu _fm \_jbrv" kms
]eZ]
Mljh lboh Ahehlblky \ emqZo e_lg_]h khegpZ ]eZ^v j_db Ju[Zdb ijbkljhbebkv gZ [_j_]m `^ml meh\Z Kh\j_f_ggZy fmaudZ hk_ggbc e_k djhdh^beh\u ke_au dmklu kbj_gb kh[jZlv ]_j[Zjbc K_j_[jygZy p_ihqdZ k_j_[jbkluc k\_l klZjuc q_eh\_d klZjbggZy mkZ^v[Z [e_kl_lv gZ khegp_ kbylv hl kqZklvy k\_ lblvky hl jZ^hklb Â? Â? Â? Â? Â? agZqbfuc >lÂś@_jfbg \dexqbl rh>nÂśh@j K>\Âśh@deZ w Â? Â? Â? Â? Â? x>g@h>kÂślÂś@ >sÂśb @\_ev keh\hkhq_lZgb_ kbglZdkbk ih\lhjb>r@ Â? Â? img>d@lmZ>pu@y >r@lh d q_fm"
> i
ijbklZg b \ qzf" Ijb[eb`Z_rvky d d q_fm" I i > i ih\hjZqb\Zlvky d ^hf m mqZkl\m_rv \ `xj b q_f" gZ^ d_f" L i
L i
r_nkl\m_rv gZ^ fZeur Zfb ihjZ`Zlvky djZkhl hc q_f"
L i
dZdZy"
B i
m\e_dZ_rvky kihjl hf emggZy ghqv h qzf"
I i
]^_"
jZa]h\hj h dgb] _ \b^g__lky \i_j_^b
dhfm"
Ihfh]Zlv ^jm] ² ihfh]Zlv ^jm]m > h qzf" ihijhkblv ihfhsv ² ihijhkblv h ihfhsb I \ qzf"
mqZkl\h\Zlv ihoh^ ² mqZkl\h\Zlv \ ihoh^_ I q_f"
\hkobsZlvky ih^\b] ² \hkobsZlvky ih^\b]hf L k d_f"
ihagZdhfblvky khk_^ ² ihagZdhfblvky k khk_^hf L qlh" ^hibkZlv ibkvfh ² ^hibkZlv ibkvfh < qlh" ihdjZkblv kl_gZ ² ihdjZkblv kl_gm < dZd"
hlau\Zlvky iho\ZeZ ² hlau\Zlvky k iho\Zehc L dZd"
qblZlv ]jhfdh ² ]jhfdh gZj_qb_ qblZlv d q_fm"
k d_f"
=h\hjblv k ^jm]hf klj_fblvky d ih[_^_ k q_f" q_]h" h[jZsZlvky k ijhkv[hc `_eZlv a^hjh\vy h qzf" kijZ\eylvky kijZ\blvky h[ mki_oZo qlh"
\h qlh"
hl^Z\Zlv ^Zlv dgb]m h[t_^bgylvky _^bguc \ ]jmiiu dm^Z "
hlhclb \e_\h
dZd "
QblZlv ]jhfdh ² qblZlv ]jhfdh dZd" lj_gbjh\Zlvky ihklhyggh ² ihklhyggh lj_gbjh\Zlvky dZd"
jZkkfZljb\Zlv \gbfZl_evgh ² \gbfZl_evgh jZkkfZljb
\Zlv =jZffZlbq_kdb_ kj_^kl\Z k\yab \ keh\hkhq_lZgbb K ihfhsvx K ihfhsvx hdhg Lhevdh hdhgqZgby qZgby b ij_^eh]Z ih kfukem dm^Z"
dZdh_"
jZ^hklgh_ gZkljh_gb_
kimklblvky \ ^hebgm
q_f"
dZd"
h qzf"
\hkobsZlvky ijbjh^hc
]h\hjblv h q_klghklb ZddmjZlgh gZibkZlv dm^Z" dZdh_" m^b\bl_evgh_ iml_r_kl\b_ mklj_fblvky d [_j_]m dh]h"
ih`Ze_lv fZfm
JZ^hklgh_ ² jZ^hklv m^b\bl_evgh_ ² ^b\h q_klghklv ² q_kl_g o o o @_elmx ebkl\m ih ofmjhfm g_[m kbg_]h ieZldZ gZ ^Zevg_c o
o
o
klZgpbb aZ [_j_ah\hc jhs_c aZ ebeh\uf lmfZghf k\h[h^guf o
o
o
o
ihe_lhf k\_`bf oe_[hf aZ [eb`gbf e_khf ^h[jh]h kh\_lZ
>jm`bgZ k ^jm`bghc ojZ[jZy ^jm`bgZ ^jm`bgZ ih [_`^Z_l QblZe qblZe b kemrZe qblZe [jhrxjm qblZe \gbfZl_ev gh hq_gv \gbfZl_evgh mq_gbd qblZe Mki_o ² rmfguc mki_o =Za_lu khh[sbeb h rmfghf mki_o_ gh\h]h ki_dlZdey ijh\bgpbZevgh]h l_ZljZ Qm\kl\h ² r_klh_ qm\kl\h M g_]h [ueh ohjhrh jZa\blh r_klh_ qm\kl\h AgZgb_ ² ohjhrb_ agZgby GZ wdaZf_g_ mq_gbd ihdZaZe oh jhrb_ agZgby Yjdbc ² yjdbc p\_l HebgZ x[dZ hq_gv yjdh]h p\_lZ Moh^bl ² moh^bl gZ jZ[hlm IZiZ moh^bl gZ jZ[hlm hq_gv jZ gh Rmf_eZ iheghqgZy \vx]Z \ e_kghc b ]emohc klhjhg_ o o o IheghqgZy \vx]Z rmf_eZ \ klhjhg_ \ e_kghc klhjhg_ \ ]emohc o klhjhg_ < ihemfjZd_ ijhajZqguc \v_lky h]hg_d o o IjhajZqguc h]hg_d \v_lky \ ihemfjZd_ K ]hju [_`bl ihlhd ijh\hjguc o o ;_`bl k ]hju ijh\hjguc ihlhd Yjdbc k\_l kbye \ ^hebg_ o o Yjdbc k\_l kbye \ ^hebg_ AZklZe gZk eb\_gv ^Ze_dh hl ^hfZ o o AZklZe gZk aZklZe ^Ze_dh hl ^hfZ < l_fghf g_[_ \kiuogmeZ b ijhdZlbeZkv a\_a^Z o o < l_fghf g_[_ \kiuogmeZ \ g_[_ V \vx]Z \v_lky T h[tykg_gb_ h[t_a^ kms o
kms o
K_jv_agh_ m\e_q_gb_ bf_g kihjlb\gu_ khklyaZgby ]eZ] o
kms o
bf_g m^Zeblvky hl e_kZ ]eZ] ijb[eb`_gb_ rmfZ bf_g ijb ]eZ] o
]eZ] o
]eZ] o
]eZkblv ]hkl_c ]eZ] bamqZ_rv ]jZffZlbdm ]eZ] jZkkijhkblv kms o
]eZ] o
lh\ZjbsZ ]eZ] hkljhmfgh_ \ujZ`_gb_ bf_g hl^Z\Zlv dgb]m kms o
]eZ] o
]eZ] \klj_qZ k ijbyl_e_f bf_g ^h]h\hjbeky k gbf ]eZ]
M\e_q_gb_ ² m\e_qvky m^Zeblvky ² ^Zevgbc ijb[eb`_gb_ ² [ebadbc hl^Z\Zlv ² hl^Zlv <b^u keh\hkhq_lZgbc Bf_ggu_ o
o
jZatyj_ggh]h a\_jy ijbq kms
o o kljZklgh_ `_eZgb_ ijbe kms
o o mqZklgbd \hcgu kms kms
o o hdj_klghklb Fhkd\u kms kms
o o \yadZy ljykbgZ ijbe kms
o o qm^_kZ ijbjh^u kms kms
o
=eZ]hevgu_
h[t_^bgblv mkbeby o ]eZ] kms
o kdhevablv ih ev^m o ]eZ] kms k ij
o ]jhfdh k\bklgmlv o gZj_q ]eZ]
Bf_ggu_ keh\hkhq_lZgby I_j_f_gm ih]h^u kms kms i_j_e_lguo kljZggbdh\ ijbeZ] kms [_a[j_`gh]h fh jy ijbeZ] kms \g_aZiguc mjZ]Zg ijbeZ] kms \ ^Zev g_f ihe_l_ ijbeZ] kms =eZ]hevgu_ keh\hkhq_lZgby aZ^he]h ij_^m]Z^u\Zxl gZj_q ]eZ] \^jm] aZklb]g_l gZj_q ]eZ] mlhfbebkv \ ihe_l_ ]eZ] kms \klj_lyl km^gh ]eZ] kms kimkdZxlky gZ iZem [m ]eZ] kms IhdZaZeky ² ihdZ`_lky ihlygmeky ² ihlyg_lky ljyo gme ² \kljyob\Z_l H[eZdZ g_ih^\b`gu_ imoh\u_ ijbqm^eb\u_ k_^u_ LmqZ k\bgph\Zy fjZqgZy ]jhagZy <_l_j j_adbc ihju\bkluc \_k_euc Ih mljZf KZr_gvdZ ex[beZ kfhlj_lv gZ ijbqm^eb\u_ h[eZdZ dhlhju_ f_^e_ggh ijhieu\Zeb gZ^ __ ^Zqguf ^hfbdhf FjZqgZy lmqZ ijb[eb`ZeZkv \k_ [eb`_ baj_^dZ hk\_sZykv \kiurdZfb fhegbc Ih^me j_adbc ihju\bkluc \_l_j ih^gbfZy k a_feb ijhreh ]h^gxx ebkl\m QZoeZy jy[bgZ [heleb\u_ \h^u k_^hc lmfZg \ ykghc \urbg_ e_gb\hc q_j_^hc \_k_eh]h khegpZ fjZqgmx i_kgx qm^guc f_kyp
<Zj_gv_ ba \brgb ² \brg_\h_ \Zj_gv_ dhgn_lZ ba rh dheZ^Z ² rhdheZ^gZy dhgn_lZ [_j_] fhjy ² fhjkdhc [_j_] a_feygbdZ ba e_kZ ² e_kgZy a_feygbdZ dhkugdZ ba r_edZ ² r_edh\Zy dhkugdZ FZe_gvdbc ju[Zpdbc ^hfbd klhye gZ kZfhf [_j_]m fhjy D qZx ih^Zeb \brg_\h_ \Zj_gv_ rhdheZ^gu_ dhgn_lu b y[ ehqguc ibjh] P\_l kZeZlZ ² kZeZlh\uc p\_l p\_l g_aZ[m^db ² g_aZ [m^dh\uc p\_l p\_l fZebgu ² fZebgh\uc p\_l p\_l i_kdZ ² i_khqguc p\_l p\_l [bjxau ² [bjxah\uc p\_l p\_l [jmkgbdb ² [jmkgbqguc p\_l p\_l kbj_gb ² kbj_g_\uc p\_l p\_l nbZe db ² nbZedh\uc nbhe_lh\uc p\_l ;Z[mrdZ k\yaZeZ k_[_ fZebgh\uc [_j_l <Zkbebc \u[jZe k_[_ dhklxf [jmkgbqgh]h p\_lZ Z ;hjbk ² kbj_g_\h]h o o o < h]jhfghf aZeb\_ ijbe kms mkljhbeb aZih\_^gbd o o o o ]eZ] kms mkljhbeb \ aZeb\_ ]eZ] kms aZih\_^gbd ^ey o ilbp kms kms o o o H[hkgh\Zebkv k_cqZk ]eZ] gZj_q h[hkgh\Zebkv \ g_f o o o ]eZ] f_kl i_jgZlu_ ]hklb ijbe kms o o o Ijbe kms a_e_guc ]hjh^ gZ rbjhdbo mebpZo \ukh o o o db_ lhihey l_gbklu_ dZrlZgu yjdb_ p\_lgbdb o o o =eZ] kms \ dhk\ iZ^ jhkeb gZ mebpZo jZkdbgmebkv gZ o o iehsZ^yo iZ^Zeb gZ ie_qb ]jhfha^bebkv gZ ]hj_ DZrlZgu ² l_fgh dZrlZgh\uc dZrlZgh\uc NhglZgu ² nhglZgguc nhglZgbjh\Zlv Lhihey ² lhihebguc lhihe_\uc lhihe_\b^guc K\_jdZxsb_ ² k\_jdZlv k\_jdZgb_ =jhfha^bebkv ² ]jhfha^dbc gZ]jhfh`^_gb_ aZ]jhfha^blv Dlh agZ_l j_qdm Bimlv" Qm^_kgZy j_qdZ : qlh aZ [_j_]Z IeZdmqb_ b\u jZa\_kbeb gZ^ j_dhc k\hb \_l\b GZ djmlhf [_j_]m Bimlb klhbl k_eh < _]h hdj_klghklyo af_cdZfb \vxlky r_klv j_q_d Ohjhrb_ j_qdb Gh emqr_ \k_o Bimlv
Qm^_kgZy ² qm^_kZ hdj_klghklyo ² hdj_kl <vxlky [v_lky \vx]Z =eZ] gZj_q \_k_eh ijh[bjZlvky lboh [vxl djbqZl djm]hf \ukhdh e_i_qml =eZ] kms \ dhk\ iZ^ ijh[bjZlvky ih ^hjh`d_ > [vxl ih ebpm > p_ieyxlky aZ gh]b < Hk_ggyy kdZadZ <a]eygb \a]ey^ \ hdgh H^bghdbc ebkl djm`blky qlh ^_eZ _l" gZ \_ld_ Dh]^Z lh hg [ue a_e_guc B lh]^Z hg kb^_e kb^y gZ \_ld_ Jy^hf k jmfyghc <br_gdhc Hg ex[be __ \k_f k_j^p_f k_j^_q guc <_l_j qZklh a\Ze _]h ih[jh^blv [jh^bl ih k\_lm Gh Ebk lbd g_ kh]eZrZeky kh]eZkb_ <_^v jy^hf k gbf [ueZ kZfZy ij_ djZkgZy <br_gdZ : ihlhf kqZklv_ _]h h[hj\Zehkv h[hj\Zlvky ² <br_gdZ \^jm] ijhiZeZ KlhyeZ g_gZklgZy g_gZklv_ hk_ggyy ihjZ <k_ ebklvy k ^_ j_\v_\ m`_ h[e_l_eb ihe_l Lhevdh h^bg ih`_el_\rbc `_e luc hl ]hjy Ebklbd hklZ\Zeky hklZeky gZ k\h_c \_ld_ o o o Kihc i_kgx [_j_]bl_ A_fex ihah\b k_klj_gdm G_ qZ\dZc g_ ijbqfhdb\Zc g_ ^mc g_ klhgb g_ ba^Z\Zc g_ kf_lv g_ hldmku\Zc g_ jZa]h\Zjb\Zc g_ ijboe_[u\Zc g_ klmqb � � >klZjZMœkœZ MœwFœlœ [œbaa\mqœgZ@ � G_ djbqb lZd `Zeh[gh dmdmrdZ Ih[m^ <^hev ih mebp_ ih madhc qbkluc fqblky \_l_jhd Ih\_kl\ A\_gb a\_gb e_]hg_qdh fhc dhehdhe lj_a\hgv Ih[m^ RZ]Zc rZ]Zc lbohg_qdh fhc ^h[juc klZjuc dhgv Ih[m^ E_lyl `mjZ\eb \ukhdh ih^ dmihehf k\_leuo g_[_k Ih\_kl\ JZa \_ \ wlhf dlh lh \bgh\Zl qlh k ^_j_\v_\ ebklvy me_l_eb" <hij Dm^Z hl [mjb hl g_ih]h^u k_[y y kijyqm" <hij
<b^u ij_^eh`_gbc ih p_eb \ukdZau\Zgby
Ij_^eh`_gby ih p_eb \ukdZau\Zgby
Ih\_kl\h\Zl_evgu_ <hijhkbl_evgu_ Ih[m^bl_evgu_
Ijbf_ju
GZdhg_p gZklmibeb dZgbdmeu DZdbo dZfg_c g_l \ fhj_" GZibrbl_ khqbg_gb_ d ihg_^_evgbdm
H[b`Zlv ² h[b^Z h[b^_lv h[b`_gguc Ohjhrh \ e_km jZgg_c \_kghc Ih\_kl\ \hkdebp < ihe^_gv b^_rv ih ljhibgd_ ljhidZ f_`^m aZa_e_g_\rbo a_ e_gv ^_j_\v_\ Ih\_kl\ g_\hkde Gh qlh wlh" <hij g_\hkde
E_k h]eZrZ_lky ilbqvbf ]hfhghf Ih\_kl\ g_\hkde Wlh i_j gZlu_ i_jvy ki_rZl ki_rdZ mkljhblv ihgZ^_`g__ k\hb `beb sZ `blv Ih\_kl\ g_\hkde
;_j_]bl_ [_j_qv ilbp Ih[m^ \hkdebp G_ jZahjycl_ jZ ahj e_kZ b ]g_a^Z Ih[m^ \hkdebp
I_jgZluc ² ihdjuluc i_jvyfb GZ klZjhc ebi_ hklZebkv _s_ jZaghp\_lgu_ ebklvy ² GZ klZjhc ebi_ hklZebkv _s_ jZaghp\_lgu_ ebklvy ² GZ klZjhc ebi_ _s_ hklZebkv jZaghp\_lgu_ ebklvy" Kd\hav h[eZdZ kheg p_ ijh[b\Z_l k_[_ imlv ² Kd\hav h[eZdZ khegp_ ijh[b\Z_l k_[_ imlv ² Kd\hav h[eZdZ khegp_ ijh[b\Z_l k_[_ imlv" Ghqvx [ueh ihoheh^Zgb_ ² Ghqvx [ueh ihoheh^Zgb_ ² Ghqvx [ueh ihoheh^Zgb_" Mljh l_ieh_ ² Mljh l_ieh_ ² Mljh l_ieh_" YglZj_f ² yglZjguc a\_gyl ² a\_gysbc d\Zjlbju ² d\Zjlbjguc Hk_gv ² hk_ggbc h]eygbkv ² \a]ey^ \hdjm] ² djm]hf ijh lygme ² lyg_l k\hx ² k\hc aZf_qZe ² aZf_lblv ^m[ ² ^m[hd ^_j_\v_\ ² ^_j_\h ih^^Z_lky ² ih^^Zlvky ^Z\gh ² ^Z\gbc ihdjZkg_eb ² djZkguc ahehlufb ² ahehlh ihahehq_gguc a_ e_g ² a_e_guc JZaghp\_lguc ohjh\h^ ]eZ]
kms
]eZ]
kms
]eZ]
GZklmibeZ iha^gyy hk_gv Klhbl g_gZklgZy ih]h^Z <q_jZ ih^me kms
]eZ]
kms
j_adbc \_l_j Djm`Zlky \ \ha^mo_ jZaghp\_lgu_ hk_ggb_ ebklvy
f_kl kms
]eZ]
kms
Y ex[ex ebklhiZ^ GZ ^hjh`d_ e_`Zl djZkgu_ ebklvy hkbg ]eZ]
kms
qbke kms
]eZ]
db rmjrZl ih^ gh]Zfb [mju_ ebklvy hevob >\Z ebklbdZ ijbeb ieb d fhbf kZih]Zf MibjZxlky e_kZ \ kZfu_ g_[_kZ < FZydh\kdbc
Fu ijhgbdZ_f \ lZcgbdb ijbjh^u G Jue_gdh\ A\_jheh \u [jh^beb p_euc ^_gv ih e_km >\_ dZieb [juagmeb \ kl_deh : N_l
<oh^yl k_fv [h]Zluj_c : Imrdbg
;b^_gdh b <Zgy m^h[gh mkljhbebkv m kZfhc dZ[bgu \h^bl_ey < DZlZ_\
M djhfdb \h^u kb^_eb ^\Z f_^\_`hgdZ Wibl_lu oheh^gZy f]eZ g_\_jguc emgguc k\_l lbobc ^hf Q_jg__l ^hjh]Z Klh m`_c rbiyl Ljb dZieb miZ eb Y m\b^_e Qlh lh miZeh Ljb \hjhgu ijh[ueb Ljb [_ehqdb ih^[_]Zeb Z Fgh]h jZaguo ilbp mgbqlh`be obsgbd aZ wlh \j_fy [ >\Z mq_gbdZ gZr_]h deZkkZ [m^ml mqZkl\h\Zlv \ ]hjh^kdhc hebfibZ^_ ih jmkkdhfm yaudm \ K_]h^gy gbdlh g_ ijbg_k mq_[ gbd ih ]_h]jZnbb o =eZ] gZj_q kdZlu\Zxlky lhjhieb\h ih_l f_eh^bqgh lbdZ_l a\hgdh o Ijbe kms jZaju\qZlhc kljmcdhc k_j_[jygu_ rZjbdb k_j_[jyguc dhehdhevqbd KdZlu\Zxlky ² ^he`gu kdZlu\Zlvky i_j_a\Zgb\Zxlky ² gZqgml i_j_a\Zgb\Zlvky jZa[b\Zxlky ² klZgml jZa[b\Zlvky aZ eb\Zxlky ² [m^ml aZeb\Zlvky ijbe
kms
kms
ijbe
LboZ mdjZbgkdZy ghqv : Imrdbg <ha^mo e_]hd b
ijbe
]eZ]
kms
ijbe
ijbe
qbkl b aZf_jaeZ j_dZ B Gbdblbg Rbjhd b `_el \_q_jgbc kms
ijbe
kms
kms
ijbe
k\_l : :ofZlh\Z G_`gZ Zij_evkdZy ijhoeZ^Z Ghqv k\_l ijbe
eZy b fhjhagZy
kms ijbe
ijbe
kms
]eZ]
Mljh yjdh_ kheg_qgh_ H[bevgZy jhkZ ihdju\ZeZ a_fex f_kl kms ]eZ] ljZ\m ebklvy dmklu Djhohlgu_ dZi_evdb ih\bkZeb \kx^m Hgb
kms
ijbe
]eZ]
i_j_eb\Zebkv gZ khegp_ E_k hke_ibl_evgh k\_jdZe \ emqZo kms
]eZ]
]eZ]
khegpZ < dZ`^hc jhkbgd_ hljZ`Zehkv khegp_ Bgh]^Z gZ[_]Ze kms
f_kl
]eZ]
\_l_jhd Hg ke_]dZ dheuoZe \_ldb ^_j_\v_\ Ih F Ijbr\bgm
JhkZ ² jhku ih\bkZeb ² \bkgmlv hke_ibl_evgh ² hke_i khegpZ ² kheg_qguc gZ[_]Ze ² [_] ijbe
ijbe
kms
DjZkb\ b i_qZe_g jmkkdbc e_k \ jZggb_ hk_ggb_ ^gb GZ kms ]eZ] ahehlhf nhg_ ih`_el_\r_c ebkl\u \u^_eyxlky yjdb_ iylgZ kms
]eZ]
]eZ]
de_gh\ b hkbg R_e_klbl ih^ gh]Zfb ebkl\Z Dh_ ]^_ \b^g__lky kms
]eZ]
kms
reyidZ iha^g_]h ih^hkbgh\bdZ Lhgdh ijhk\bklbl jy[qbd < g_ kms
]eZ]
ijbe
ijbe
kms
[_ dhkydhf ijhe_lZxl `mjZ\eb IjhajZq_g b qbkl \ha^mo ;Z[vbf e_lhf gZau\Z_l gZjh^ wlh djZldh_ hk_gg__ \j_fy Kihkh[u \ujZ`_gby kdZam_fh]h
Bfy Bfy kms_kl\bl_evgh_ ijbeZ]Zl_evgh_ < wlhl ^_gv y \_jgm ;b[ebhl_dZ ² deZ^ Kb[bjkdZy abfZ km eZkv k jZ[hlu jZgh agZgbc jh\Z =eZ]he
kms B i
kms B i
kms B i
<he]Z qlh wlh lZdh_" ² \_ebdZy jmkkdZy j_dZ A_fey kms B i
kms B i
qlh wlh lZdh_" ² gZr h[sbc ^hf FmjZ\_c dlh hg lZdhc" ² kms B i
kms B i
kms B i
m^b\bl_evguc ljm`_gbd Ebg]\bklbdZ qlh wlh lZdh_" ² gZmdZ kms B i
kms B i
h yaud_ KbglZdkbk qlh wlh lZdh_" ² jZa^_e yaudhagZgby kms B i
kms B i kms B i
kms B i
E_k ² gZr_ [h]Zlkl\h E_k ² gZr_ kiZk_gb_ hl aZkmo kms B i kms B i kms B i b kmoh\__\ gZr p_ebl_ev b emqrbc gZjy^ gZr_c a_feb >yleu kms B i kms B i
kms B i
² ihlhfkl\_ggu_ iehlgbdb H[_^ ^yleZ ² \j_^bl_eb e_kZ kms B i
kms B i
kms B i
kms B i
=hem[bdZ ² wlh \blZfbgu b ihe_agu_ khdb K_f_gZ ^_j_\v kms B i
kms B i
kms B i
_\ ² \_ebdb_ iml_r_kl\_ggbdb Oe_[ ² \k_fm ]heh\Z Ih kms B i
kms B i
kms B i
kms B i
]h\hjdZ ² p\_lhq_d ihkeh\bpZ ² y]h^dZ Ql_gb_ ² \hl emqr__ mq_gb_ OhjhrZy dgb]Z ² ijZa^ gbd Dgb]Z ² wlh bklhjby gZjh^h\ a_feb Dgb]Z ² \_jguc ^jm] b kh\_lqbd
@zjgh\ ² f_evgbqguc djm] @hd_c ² ijhn_kkbhgZevguc gZ_a^gbd A_fey ² ieZg_lZ E_dlhjbc ² ihf_s_gb_ ^ey e_dpbc E_dkbdhg ² aZiZk keh\ NehjZ ² jZklbl_evguc fbj NZmgZ ² `b\hlguc fbj Abfgyy kdZadZ
H^gZ`^u abfhc fu hlijZ\bebkv \ e_k < ]mklhf khkgh\hf e_ km klhyeZ lbrbgZ <k_ ihdjuehkv [_euf hke_ibl_evguf kg_]hf < oheh^ghf k\_`_f \ha^mo_ ghkbebkv [_eu_ imrbgdb Djmigu_ \_ldb mdjZkbebkv g_`guf imrbkluf bg__f < kdZahqguc gZjy^ h[jy^beky e_k DZ`^uc dmkl ² ^bdh\bggh_ `b\hlgh_ Khkgh\hf ² khkgu hke_ibl_evguf ² ke_ibl \ oheh^ghf ² oheh^ ^bdh\bgguc Jhev \ ij_^eh`_ gbb bf_gb kms_kl Ijbf_ju \bl_evgh]h \ Bf i Ih^e_`Zs__ KdZam_fh_
Kdhjh gZklmiyl ^he]h`^Zggu_ dZgbdmeu DZdlmk ² x`gh_ jZkl_gb_ k lheklufb kl_[ eyfb ihdjulufb dhexqdZfb
Fhkd\Z ² djmig_crbc ]hjh^ fbjZ < wlhf ]h^m gZr ]h jh^ [m^_l ijZa^gh\Zlv k\hc x[be_c :g^j_c ² ohjhrbc lh\Zjbs GZ wlhc nhlh]jZnbb aZi_qZle_g fhc lh\Zjbs Keh\Zjv ² emqrbc ihfhsgbd ijb bamq_gbb bghkljZggh]h yaudZ GZdhg_p lh ijb[ue ihfhsgbd dZiblZgZ <he]Z ² ihegh\h^gZy j_dZ G_[hevrZy j_dZ ^_ebl k_eh gZ ^\_ qZklb < ihoh^ \havf_f dZjlm f_klghklb H[yaZl_evgh ijhqblZc wlm dgb]m Mljhf b^_f gZ ha_jh H[yaZl_evgh ijboh^bl_ \_q_ jhf
kms
]eZ]
JZkkdZ`b fg_ kdZadm ijh B\ZgZ pZj_\bqZ Hk_gv ]eZ] ]eZ] ]eZ] B^_rv ih e_km b ex[m_rvky _]h djZkhlhc Ijb]hlh\v \k_ kms
]eZ]
g_h[oh^bfh_ ^ey ihoh^Z Dhg_p fZy Kh[bjZ_fky \ ihoh^ AbfZ B^_f ih ^hjh]_ d e_km K ljm^hf ijh[bjZ_fky ih ljhibgd_ Ba[mrdZ e_kgbdZ ;Zjkmd ² [_ah[b^gh_ b ihe_agh_ `b\hlgh_ <uib rbl_ ba ij_^eh`_gby keh\hkhq_lZgby IhqblZc fg_ ih`Zemc klZ wlm klZlvx \kemo E_k LbrbgZ >Zc fg_ ih`ZemcklZ wlm dgb]m Khegp_ ijh[b\Z_lky kd\hav lhesm o\hb ;h[ju ² hlebqgu_ kljhbl_eb < \hkdj_k_gv_ [hevr_ \j_f_gb ijh \h^b gZ k\_`_f \ha^mo_ Mljhf h[yaZl_evgh ^_eZc aZjy^dm kms
kms
Hk_gv QZsb e_kZ kms
kms
ijbe
Ha_jh [_e_kh ijbe
kms
Fho kmobo [hehl ;e_^_g g_[hk\h^ EbklhiZ^ JZaghp\_lguc dh\_j hk_gb AhehlZy hk_gv <f_kl_ k e_]dbf e_]hd mlj_ggbf aZfhjhadhf fhjhabl qlh ^_eZ_l" mklZgZ\eb\Z_lky klZg_l ykgZy ih]h^Z < f_jl\hc lbrbg_ bg ² rbjbgZ lhesbgZ e_kZ qlh ^_eZ_l"
keurblky rmjrZgb_ hiZ^Zxsbo iZ^Zlv ebklv_\ Hgb qlh ^_ eZxl" eh`Zlky dh\jhf f_`^m ^_j_\v_\ <hl ahehlbklh djZkguc ebkl ^jh]gme b ihe_l_e ihe_l ih \ha^mom B^_rv ih jZaghp\_l ghfm dh\jm ba ebklv_\ o o o Ijbe kms ² ahehlZy hk_gv k e_]dbf aZfhjhadhf \ f_jl o o \hc lbrbg_ ih jZaghp\_lghfm dh\jm IjhreZ ghqv g_jZkij Mlbo [mcguc \_l_j jZkij
Me_]ebkv kg_]Z g_jZkij <udZlbehkv dZlblky khegp_ gZ yk guc g_[hkdehg jZkij AZb]jZeb emqb _]h gZ \hegbkluo \hegu
kg_]Zo jZkij
o o o Ijbe kms ² [mcguc \_l_j ykguc g_[hkdehg gZ \hegb o kluo kg_]Zo kms
ijbe
]eZ]
kms
kms
]eZ]
Mljh ij_djZkgh_ Ijh]eygmeh khegp_ G_[h hqbklbehkv f_kl ijbe kms ijbe kms ijbe Hgh kbg__ kbg__ B j_dZ kbgyy B dZ`^Zy em`bpZ kbgyy B ^Z`_ ]eZ]
kms
aZkbg_e fhdjuc [_j_]
GZklmibe l_ieuc k_gly[jv K mljZ g_[h qbklh_ JZagh p\_lgu_ ebklvy [_krmfgh iZ^Zxl gZ a_fex Ilbpu \gh\v me_ lZxl \ l_ieu_ djZy Kdhjh gZklmiyl i_j\u_ aZfhjhadb Ba aZ ^_j_\v_\ [e_kgmeZ ]hem[Zy \h^Z e_kgh]h ha_jZ ;e_kgmeZ
ba aZ ^_j_\v_\
]hem[Zy
\h^Z
;_euc iZj ih em]Zf jZkklbeZ_lky IZj
ha_jZ
e_kgh]h
jZkklbeZ_lky
[_euc ih em]Zf Lmjbklu jZkiheh`bebkv \ [_j_ah\hc jhs_ Lmjbklu
jZkiheh`bebkv \ jhs_
[_j_ah\hc AZlygmeky lyg_lky j`Z\hc lbghc ijm^ rbjhdbc h[ f_e_e f_ev < emq_ emgu e_lbl ihe_l [hevrZy ilbpZ GZ^ lj_i_sms_c lj_i_l hkbghc e_]dbc f_kyp aZ[e_kl_e q_ j_^h\Zgb_ ? B \ dhjg_ [e_kl ² [ebkl GZklmiZ_l ^he]h`^ZggZy abfZ < \ha^mo_ aZdjm`bebkv i_j\u_ kg_`bgdb D \_q_jm oehivyfb ih\Zebe fy]dbc kg_] < i
:e_rbgh ebph ihdju\Zeb \_kgmrdb >_\hqdZ ^_j < i < i < i > i gmeZ _]h aZ ib^`Zd NbevdZ ijhlygme oe_[ ehrZ^b Kl_iZ ihemqbe ibkvfh hl ^jm]Z XggZlu ih^]hlh \beb d \_kg_ kd\hj_qgbdb ^ey ilbp J_[ylZ \ayeb ^hkdb m fZk l_jZ b ijbgyebkv aZ jZ[hlm Dh fg_ ijbr_e ^jm] b jZkkdZaZe h ihoh^_ kms
kms
Emgguc k\_l aZeb\Ze iheygm Lmqb kdjueb hklZldb kms kms emggh]h ^bkdZ A\_a^u mk_yeb \k_ g_[h <k_ jZkkfZljb\Zeb kms
ijbqm^eb\u_ mahju � >iZ eœZ gm@ ² keh]Z >i@ ² kh]e ]emo l\
>Z@ ² ]eZk [_am^ >eœ@ ² kh]e a\hg fy]d >Z@ ² ]eZk m^ >g@ ² kh]e a\hg l\ >m@ ² ]eZk [_am^ a\mdh\ Iheygm ² [md\
kms < i
kms < i
Ijbf_lu hk_gb \h \k_f \klj_qZ_l \ahj =hjh^ md kms < i kms < i jZrZ_l [mev\Zj :ev[hf \aye wlhl fZevqbd Dm^jb [_j_a kms < i
jZkq_ku\Z_l \_l_j DZi_evdb jhku \ ljZ\_ aZ`b]Zxl i_j\u_ kms < i f_kl > i
emqb khegpZ AZf_qZl_evguc ih^Zjhd fg_ ijbkeZe ih ihql_ kms < i
kms < i
[jZl Dbjibqb ghkbeb dZf_gsbdb >hdeZ^ fu ihjmqbeb kms > i
I_l_ <klj_qZ_l ² \klj_qZ mdjZrZ_l ² djZkbl kms
kms
f_kl ]eZ]
f_kl f_kl
]eZ]
KdZau ;Z`h\Z y ijhqblZe Fg_ hgb ihgjZ\bebkv ]eZ]
f_kl
kms
kms
]eZ]
kms
kms
]eZ]
JZkkdZ`bl_ fg_ kdZadm Iuev ijbg_k \_l_j >m[ kehfZe kms
kms
]eZ]
kms
kms
kms ]eZ]
ijbe
mjZ]Zg ;ZjdZk \u[jhkbeb gZ [_j_] \hegu E_k hdmlZe ]mk kms
kms
]eZ]
kms
lhc lmfZg GZijZ\e_gb_ mdZau\Z_l dhfiZk FZfZ ihemqbeZ l_e_]jZffm hl [Z[mrdb D He_ ijbreb ]hklb Jhev bf_gb kms_kl\b Ijbf_ju l_evgh]h \ ij_^eh`_gbb Ih^e_`Zs__ KdZam_fh_ >hiheg_gb_
GZqZehkv m^b\bl_evgh_ ijbdexq_gb_ <ZjrZ\Z ² klhebpZ Ihevrb Y [ukljh j_rbe aZ^Zqm
Ijb[eb`ZeZkv ^h\hevgh kdmqgZy ihjZ : Imrdbg HkuiZ_lky \_kv gZr [_^guc kZ^ : Lheklhc F_evdZ_l `_eluc ebkl gZ a_e_gb ^_j_\ G =j_dh\ M^b\bl_evgZy dZj lbgZ hldjueZkv fhbf ]eZaZf >kdmrgZMÂśZ@ Y \k_]^Z ex[be kfhlj_lv gZ lboh_ iZ^_gb_ iZ^Zlv kg_ ]Z Qlh[u \iheg_ gZkeZ^blvky keZ^hklv wlhc dZjlbghc y \ur_e
\ ihe_ b qm^gh_ aj_ebs_ ij_^klZ\behkv ]eZaZf fhbf \k_ [_a ]jZgbqgh_ ijhkljZgkl\h \hdjm] f_gy ij_^klZ\eyeh ij_^klZ\blv
\b^ kg_`gh]h ihlhdZ [m^lh g_[_kZ jZa\_jaebkv jZkkuiZebkv kg_`guf imohf b gZihegbeb \_kv \ha^mo ^\b`_gb_f b ihjZab l_evghc lbrbghc H^gZ`^u abfhc fu hlijZ\bebkv \ e_k < ]mklhf hkbgh \hf [hjm [ueh lboh <k_ [ueh ihdjulh [_euf hke_ibl_evguf kg_]hf < oheh^ghf k\_`_f \ha^mo_ ghkbebkv f_edb_ [_eu_ im rbgdb Dm^jy\u_ \_ldb mdjZkbebkv g_`guf imrbkluf bg__f < wlhf kdZahqghf abfg_f gZjy^_ dZ`^Zy \_ldZ dZaZeZkv m^b\b l_evghc Ih B Dhjg__\m
I_\qbc ^jha^ ² g_[hevrZy k_jZy ilbqdZ Kg_]bjv ² jmkkdZy gZrZ ilbqdZ HeyidZ ² hklhjh`gZy b qmldZy ilbq dZ B Khdheh\ Fbdblh\
IjbreZ hk_ggyy ihjZ Khegurdh ihdZau\Z_lky j_^dh Ih^me oheh^guc j_adbc \_l_j Hg k^m\Z_l ihke_^gb_ ebklvy b jZaghkbl bo ih iheyf ih jhsZf Am[Zkluc a\_j_d ]jua_l k \ba]hf ^m[hd kms
>hiheg_gb_ ² ]jua_l qlh" ^m[hd < i ijbe
Hij_^_e_gb_ ² a\_j_d dZdhc" am[Zkluc ijbe
kms
E_kgmx lbrbgm gZjmrZxl ]hehkZ ilbp K ihe_c ijbe ijbe ijbe ^me lbobc \_l_jhd ;_eu_ jmqdb qm`b_ ljm^u ex[yl Ihkeh
\bpZ
J_[ylZ k_]h^gy oh^beb \ ihoh^ b hq_gv mklZeb Gh \_q_ jhf hgb \uoh^yl ba iZeZlhd b kh[bjZxlky m dhkljZ Ihlj_kdb \Zxl yjdh kmob_ kmqvy AZ^hjgh a\mqZl i_kgb Hj_e ]jhfdh aZdjbqZe djbd jZkijZ\be djuevy b ly`_eh ly`_klv ihe_l_e ihe_l d fhjx Hg \_jgmeky lhevdh iha^gh \_q_jhf Hg e_l_e lboh b gbadh gZ^ a_fe_c < dh]lyo m g_]h [ueZ [hevrZy ju[Z
Hg ih^e_l_e ihe_l d ^_j_\m h]eygmeky \a]ey^ [ukljh keh`be djuevy b k_e gZ djZx ]g_a^Z HjeylZ ih^gyeb ]heh\u b jZabgmeb jlu Ih E Lheklhfm
K dhgpZ Z\]mklZ oheh^__l oheh^ oheh^guc K\_`_klv aZf_qZ_lky aZf_lblv hkh[_ggh ih mljZf Z \ k_gly[j_ ihy\ey xlky bgh]^Z e_]db_ fhjhau IjhkuiZ_rvky ih mljZf b \b^brv dZd ih[_e_eZ [_euc ljZ\Z beb djurZ khk_^g_]h ^hfZ Ih ghqZf aZf_jaZxl f_jagmlv em`b F_edb_ hk_ggb_ ^h`^b b^ml [_kij_ju\gh <_l_j ^m_l [_a mklZeb b ^Ze_dh ^Zev jZagh kbl khaj_\rb_ k_f_gZ ^_j_\v_\ b ljZ\u Ha_jh [ueh ihegh \kydhc ju[u H]jhfgu_ smdb \ukdZ kms
kms
gZj_q
db\Zeb ba \h^u < \h^_ [_kij_klZggh f_lZeZkv f_edZy ju[Z kms
kms
kms
F_klZfb hdheh [_j_]h\ b ljZ\ jy[beZ \h^Z hl ju[vbo klZc Hgb kms
kms
l_kgbebkv gZ f_ev b ^Z`_ \ukdZdb\Zeb gZ [_j_]h\mx ljZ\m < kms
ha_j_ \h^bebkv hdmgb b e_sb
Ih K :dkZdh\m
;_krmfgh lj_i_lZeb gZ hkbgd_ jZaghp\_lgu_ ebklhqdb Z Hij_^_e_gb_ ² ebklhqdb dZdb_" jZaghp\_lgu_ [ H[klhyl_evkl\h ² lj_i_lZeb ]^_" gZ hkbgd_ \ H[klhyl_evkl\h ² lj_i_lZeb dZd" [_krmfgh JZkl\hjbebkv \ l_fghl_ l_fguc jhsb kZ^u ihey L_deZ l_qv ba\b\ZeZkv \blvky [e_kl_eZ j_dZ K FZjrZd
Kg_] eh`beky gZ ihey gZ dmklu gZ ^_j_\vy EmgZ hk\_sZeZ k\_l kZ^ ^hjh`db [_k_^dm Ih^Zjbl y[ehgvdZ ex^yf djmi gu_ khqgu_ ieh^u Ko_fu
]eZ]
]eZ]
]eZ]
GZ ha_j_ j_[ylZ dmiZebkv aZ]hjZeb eh\beb ju[m gZj_q
gZj_q
gZj_q
Hljy^ r_e [h^jh kf_eh \_k_eh kms
kms
Khegp_ hk\_lbeh em] < i b j_qdm < i kms
kms
kms
K x]Z ijbe_l_eb ]jZqb B i kd\hjpu B i ^jha^u
B i
]eZ]
]eZ]
Kheg_qguc aZcqbd ijh[_`Ze ih kl_gZf b aZf_j gZ ihlhed_ Ko_fu
b
b
A\hgdh lhgdh `mjq bl \ jmqv_ \hegZ : ;ehd
Hohlgbd g_ ihr_e \ e_k Z k\_jgme d ha_jm F Ijbr\bg
<klZ xl i_j_^h fghx ^_j_\gb ihey b e_kZ F BkZdh\kdbc
A\_a^u lmkdg_ xl b lZ xl \ kbg_f g_[_ > Am_\
Fbly gujgme \ \h^m ]em[hdh gh ^gZ g_ ^hklZe Ih ke_^gb_ ebklvy iZ^Zxl k ^_j_\v_\ b f_^e_ggh djm`Zlky \ \ha^m o_ MjZ]Zg ijhg_kky gZ^ ]hjh^hf gh [_^ k_jv_aguo g_ ijbg_k < kbevgu_ fhjhau [_edZ kibl \ ]g_a^_ beb \ ^mie_ Z \ keZ[u_ ² iju]Z_l k \_ldb gZ \_ldm [_]Z_l ih kg_]m
gh
b
Z
gh
>jha^ jy[bggbd
>jha^ ² [hevrhc ex[bl_ev jy[bgu Hk_gvx ly`_eu_ ly`_klv ]jha^vy jy[bgu ihdju\Zxl ^_j_\pZ ^_j_\h ]gml bo
\_ldb < lZdb_ ]h^u jy[bggbd g_ me_lZ_l ihe_l gZ abfm k ^jm]bfb ^jha^Zfb Z hklZ_lky gZ k\h_c k\hc k_\_jghc jh^bg_ >jha^u ih_^Zxl _klv jy[bgm fh``_\_evgbd b q_jgbdm @b\ml hgb \ [_j_ah\uo jhsZo b \ e_km Ih = Kdj_[bpdhfm
Z
b
b
AbfZ
Ih^meZ abfZ oheh^hf khj\ZeZ ebklvy k ^_j_\v_\ b jZaf_lZeZ bo ih ^hjh]_ Kh[jZebkv ilbpu ihdjbqZeb b ihe_l_eb aZ \ukh db_ ]hju \ l_ieu_ djZy HklZebkv lhevdh \hjh[vb \hjhgu ]Zedb qb`b b kbgbqdb GZdbgmeZkv abfZ gZ a\_j_c aZihjhrbeZ kg_]hf ihey aZ\ZebeZ km]jh[Zfb e_kZ b ihkueZ_l fhjha aZ fhjhahf Fhjhau [hcdh [_ ]ml k_j^blh fhehldZfb ihklmdb\Zxl ih ha_jZf ijm^Zf j_dZf b fhjyf fhklu kljhyl Ebklvy ih[e_deb ihlmkdg_eb ih`moeb <_l_j kju \Z_l bo djm`bl \ \ha^mo_ [jhkZ_l gZ a_fex >h`^v klmqbl ih djur_ [ZjZ[Zgbl \ hdhrdh re_iZ_l ih em`Zf Fhegbb q_j lyl g_[h hke_ibl_evgh k\_jdZxl gZ^ ]hjbahglhf MjZ]Zg aZg_k ^hfbd \ kljZgm g_h[uqZcghc djZkhlu <hdjm] jZkklbeZeky a_e_guc em] ih djZyf jhkeb ^_j_\vy ^_ j_\h kh ki_eufb ieh^Zfb ieh^ ijbe
ijbe
GZ iheygZo \b^g_ebkv \b^gh demf[u jhah\uo [_euo b
ijbe
kms
]hem[uo p\_lh\ p\_l < \ha^mo_ ihjoZeb djhr_qgu_ ilbqdb kps
]eZ]
jZaghp\_lgu_ [Z[hqdb GZ \_l\yo ^_j_\v_\ ^_j_\h kb^_eb ijbe
ijbe
]eZ]
kb^y djZkgh]jm^u_ b ahehlbklh a_e_gu_ ihim]Zb b djbqZeb djbd kljZggufb ]hehkZfb ]hehk kms AZ ieh^h\ufb ieh^ ^_j_\vyfb \b^g_ebkv \b^gh fm`qb kms gu b `_gsbgu
Ko_fu
b
b
b
b H^ghjh^gu_ ih^e_`Zsb_ A^_kv h[blZxl im]eb\ u_ aZcpu oblj u_ ebkbpu djh\h`Z^ g u_ \hedb H^ghjh^gu_ kdZam_fu_ Ihkfhljbrv gZ g_]h b aZex[m_rvky \_ebq_kl\_gg uf ^m[hf dm^jy\ hc [_j_ahc ^mrbkl hc ebihc lj_i_lg hc hkbghc AZyp i_j_kdhqbe q_j_a ^hjh]m ih^hr_e d k\h_c ghj_ \u[jZe f_kl_q dh ih\ur_ jZkdhiZe kg_] e_] \ gh\ mx ghjdm meh`be gZ kibg_ mrb b aZkgme k hldjul ufb ]eZaZfb H^ghjh^gu_ \lhjhkl_i_ggu_ qe_gu ij_^eh`_gby Ihkfhljbrv gZ g_]h b aZex[m_rvky \_ebq_kl\_gg uf ^m[hf dm^jy\ hc [_j_ahc ^mrbkl hc ebihc lj_i_lg hc hkbghc ]eZ]
]eZ]
D kZfhfm [hevrhfm ebklm ih^ieueZ `Z[Z b ihklZ\beZ ]eZ] lm^Z hj_oh\mx kdhjemim k ^_\hqdhc Ju[db klheibebkv m ]eZ]
kl_[ey b `b\h i_j_]juaeb _]h k\hbfb am[dZfb <k_ Zf[Zju kms
kms
furv aZ[beZ oe_[gufb a_jgZfb \k_\hafh`gufb ijbiZkZfb ]eZ]
]eZ]
>xcfh\hqdZ gZ]gmeZkv gZ^ ilbp_c jZa^\bgmeZ i_jurdb b ]eZ]
]eZ]
ihp_eh\ZeZ __ ijyfh \ aZdjulu_ ]eZadb EZklhqdZ \a\beZkv ]eZ]
kms
kms
klj_ehc b ihe_l_eZ gZ^ l_fgufb e_kZfb gZ^ kbgbfb fhjyfb b kms
\ukhdbfb ]hjZfb Ko_fu
b
b
= O :g^_jk_g
b
b b <_l_j aZg_k k_f_gZ \ lhidh_ [hehlh Z Hij_^_e_gb_ ² \ [hehlh dZdh_" lhidh_ [ H[klhyl_evkl\h ² aZg_k dm^Z" \ [hehlh \ >hiheg_gb_ ² aZg_k qlh" k_f_gZ < j_d_ j_[ylZ eh\beb ju[m iehl\m hdmg_c smd < emdhrd_ e_`Zeb ]jb[u kujh_`db ebkbqdb ih^[_j_ah\bdb b [_eu_ Hg ih[u\Ze \ jZaguo ]hjh^Zo \h Ev\h\_ \ Jb]_ \ H^_kk_ b \ Db_\_ < gZrm rdhem ijb_a`Zeb dhkfhgZ\lu =j_qdh E_hgh\ >`Zgb[_dh\ Ko_fu
b
b
< kZ^m m klZjmrdb jhkeb p\_lu ]\ha^bdb ebebb lxeviZgu J_[ylZ ihex[beb ]_jh_\ kdZadb Weeb >jh\hk_dZ KljZrb em < ahhiZjd_ `b\ml jZagu_ a\_jb lb]ju ev\u kehgu GZ klhe_ e_`Zeb bgkljmf_glu fhehlhd klZf_kdZ sbipu Ko_fu
< ijbjh^_ kf_gyxl ^jm] ^jm]Z q_luj_ \j_f_gb ]h^Z ab fZ \_kgZ e_lh hk_gv G_h[oh^bfh [_j_qv \k_ jZkl_gby ^_j_\vy dmklZjgbdb p\_lu b ijhklh ljZ\bgdb < ^_lkdhc wgpbdehi_^bb jZkkdZau\Z_lky h fgh]bo ibkZl_eyo Imrdbg_ =h]he_ Lmj]_g_ \_ =jbg_ IZmklh\kdhf GZ dZjl_ e_]dh fh`gh gZclb jZagu_ kh a\_a^by ;hevrmx b FZemx F_^\_^bpu Hjbhg E_[_^v
Mljh JhkZ _s_ g_ h[khoeZ Djhr_qgu_ \h^ygu_ dZieb ih\bkeb \kx^m gZ ebklvyo p\_lZo gZ kl_[eyo ljZ\u Ba aZ \_jrbg ^_j_\v_\ \u]eygmeh khegp_ b \ lhl `_ fb] \ dZ`^hc dZie_ jhku aZ`_]ky hke_ibl_evgh yjdbc nhgZjbd Hgb [ueb \k_ jZagu_ kbgb_ jhah\u_ b ]hem[u_ <_kv e_k kbye jhah \uf k\_lhf Ko_fu Djhr_qgu_ \h^ygu_ dZieb ih\bkeb \kx^m gZ ebklvyo p\_ lZo gZ kl_[eyo ljZ\u Hgb [ueb \k_ jZagu_ kbgb_ jhah\u_ b ]hem[u_
Ko_fu
b
b
b
Z
b
b
b <ulygme ² lyg_l jZaehfbe ² jZaehfbl ihkhebe ² khev ijhlygme ² lyg_l kb^bl ² kb^y lj_sbl ² lj_kd H^bggZ^pZlv e_[_^_c e_l_eb ihe_l h^bg aZ ^jm]bf Fhj_ [behkv h[ ml_k b hdZlu\Zeh [jZlv_\ ^h`^_f [jua] GZ aZj_ m ^\hjph\uo \hjhl ihy\bebkv ihy\ylky h^bggZ^pZlv [jZlv _\ H^gZ ba nj_cebg gZ^_eZ ^_j_\yggu_ [ZrfZdb b ihreZ gZ aZ^gbc ^\hj <k_ ]gZeb [_^gy`dm kh ^\hjZ Hgb bkimklbeb dZdhc lh kljZgguc djbd \afZogmeb \afZo [hevrbfb djuevyfb b ihe_l_eb ihe_l k oheh^guo em]h\ \ l_ieu_ djZy ;hevrb_ ieZ\Zeb \hdjm] g_]h b eZkdZeb eZkdZ _]h ]eZ^beb dex\Zfb Ihy\bebkv ihy\blky ^\h_ kem] \ayeb _edm b \g_keb g_k __ \
h]jhfguc aZe FeZ^rbc ih\_kbe k_[_ gZ ]jm^v a\_a^m Jmq gZy \hjhgZ kb^_eZ kb^y gZ \hjhlZo b oehiZeZ djuevyfb Ba kdZahd = O :g^_jk_gZ
Dgb]Z ² gZr kh\_lqbd b ^jm] Ba dgb] fu magZ_f fgh]h bgl_j_kgh]h GZ^ kha^Zgb_f bo ljm^ylky ibkZl_eb om^h`gbdb i_qZlgbdb Ljm^ bo \Z`_g b ihq_l_g Ihfgb h[ wlhf b [_j_]b dgb]b MfgZy dgb]Z gZmqbl l_[y fgh]hfm ^h[jhl_ q_klghklb kijZ \_^eb\hklb KlZjZcky qblZlv jZagu_ dgb]b nZglZklbdm ijbdex q_gq_kdmx ebl_jZlmjm dgb]b h iml_r_kl\byo b hldjulbyo Ko_fu
h
b
Y \Zf ^jmavy hldjhx \k_ lZcgu a^_rgbo f_kl <u h gZk hq_gv gZim]Zeb k\hbf \ha^mrguf rZjhf ;jZlpu qlh hg h
ijh f_gy khqbgy_l" P\_lbd klZgh\bkv gZ [hqdm b qblZc k\hb klbob
G Ghkh\
FZrZ qblZ_l dgb]m h iml_r_kl\byo ² FZrZ qblZc dgb]m h iml_r_kl\byo KlZjr_deZkkgbdb kh[bjZxlky ijbgylv mqZklb_ \ eu`guo khj_\gh\Zgbyo ² KlZjr_deZkkgbdb ijbfbl_ mqZklb_ \ eu`guo khj_\gh\Zgbyo Xgu_ gZlmjZebklu g_ ^Zxl \ h[b^m i_jgZluo ^jma_c ² Xgu_ gZlmjZebklu G_ ^Z\Zcl_ \ h[b^m i_jgZluo ^jma_c Rdhevgbdb iml_r_kl\mxl ih jh^gh fm djZx ² Rdhevgbdb iml_r_kl\mcl_ ih jh^ghfm djZx MqZsb_ky Zdlb\gh aZgbfZxlky kihjlhf ² MqZsb_ky Zdlb\ gh aZgbfZcl_kv kihjlhf Fhc ^jm] kdhjh \_jg_lky ^hfhc Xguc fhc ^jm] QblZc [hevr_ qblZc dZ`^uc ^_gv Fhkd\Z ² djmig_crbc ]hjh^ fbjZ Fhkd\Z Y ]hj`mkv lh[hc AZ hdghf [_j_ahgvdZ \_lhqdZfb fZr_l FbeZy [_j_ahgvdZ dZd djZkb\Z lu Jh^bgZ ]hj^blky k\hbfb kugZfb H[_sZx kem`blv l_[_ Jh ^bgZ q_klgh
>hjh]b_ qblZl_eb g_ aZ[u\Zcl_ qlh dgb]Z ² \Zr ih fhsgbd \ mq_[_ J_[ylZ [_j_]bl_ dgb]b Xgu_ gZlmjZebklu ijhqblZcl_ dgb]m = Kdj_[bpdh]h ŠE_kgu_ i_j_k_e_gpuª G_ rmfb lu jh`v ki_euf dhehkhf Lu g_ ihc dh kZjv ijh rbjhdm kl_iv : Dhevph\ Dm^Z lu k\_leuc jmq__d klj_fbrvky" : N_l Kihc k\_lbd g_ klu^bkv B Djueh\
>jmavy d q_fm \_kv wlhl rmf" B Djueh\ DZd fbeuc i_ lmrhd ih_rv lu ]jhfdh \Z`gh B Djueh\
Y ex[ex l_[y Jhkkby F Gh`dbg <klZgv aZ kib ghc fh_c Jhkkby \ k\h_c jZkk\_lghc qbklhl_ L Dmah\e_\Z
Kuiv lu q_j_fmoZ kg_]hf ihcl_ \u ilZob \ e_km K ?k_ gbg IjhsZc jh^gZy imsZ K ?k_gbg K_j_[jbklZy ^hjh]Z lu ah\_rv f_gy dm^Z" K ?k_gbg <b`m \Zk jh^gu_ kl_ib : N_l GZibrbl_ ih`ZemcklZ fg_ ibkvfh J_[ylZ ;_ `bf gZ j_qdm Jhev bf_gb kms_kl\b Ijbf_ju l_evgh]h \ ij_^eh`_gbb GZqZehkv m^b\bl_evgh_ ijbdexq_gb_ <ZjrZ\Z ² klhebpZ Ihevrb Y [ukljh j_rbe aZ^Zqm AZ\ljZ fu ihc^_f \ e_k Ex^b ;_j_]bl_ ijbjh^m
Ih^e_`Zs__ KdZam_fh_ >hiheg_gb_ H[klhyl_evkl\h H[jZs_gb_
@_elufb ebklvyfb hk_gv s_^jh \ukleZeZ ^hjh]b b ihey kms
ijbe
]eZ]
ijbe
kms
Ahehlhc f_l_evx fqblky `_eluc ebkl ]eZ] kms kms kms f_kl ?ev jmdZ\hf ljhibgdm fg_ aZ\_kbeZ ijbe
ijbe
kms
]eZ] gZj_q gZj_q
;Z]jygZy i_qZevgZy emgZ \bkbl _s_ \^Zeb Bf_ggu_ keh\hkhq_lZgby ahehlhc f_l_evx `_eluc ebkl [Z]jygZy emgZ i_qZevgZy emgZ =eZ]hevgu_ keh\hkhq_lZgby aZ\_kbeZ ljhibgdm aZ\_kbeZ fg_ aZ\_kbeZ jmdZ\hf \bkbl \^Zeb kms
]eZ]
kms
]eZ]
kms
kms
F_l_ebpZ ijb\yaZe ehrZ^v \ah[jZeky gZ m]he kjm[Z
f_kl
gZj_q
]eZ]
]eZ]
kms
kms
Hg gZijy`_ggh \]ey^u\Zeky b \kemrb\Zeky \ rhjhob ghqb f_kl
b
]eZ]
kms
Hg ih^gyeky gZ [m]hj gZj_q ]eZ]
ijbe
kms
kms
Ke_\Z reZ q_jgZy ]jy^Z khihd kms
]eZ]
kms
M e_kZ rmf_eZ j_dZ gZj_q
]eZ]
ijbe
kms
kms
>Zevr_ lygmebkv `_elu_ h]gb ^_j_\gb Imrbkluc ju`bc o\hkl kh\k_f ijbdjue kibgm Z ]eZ aZ \ibebkv \ kljZrgh]h a\_jy O\hkl ijbdjue Z ]eZaZ \ibebkv Keh`gh_ Hg m\b^Ze qlh ]eZaZ jukb iehlgh aZdjuebkv Hg m\b^Ze qlh ]eZaZ aZdjuebkv Keh`gh_ JZa^Zeky rhjho k lh]h f_klZ ]^_ e_`Zeb \_sb JZa^Zeky rhjho ]^_ e_`Zeb \_sb Keh`gh_ Kheg_qguf mljhf gZeZ`b\Z_l k\hx g_obljmx i_k_gdm \_k_eZy kbgbpZ imklbl a\hgdmx ^jh[v ih lZc]_ ^yl_e GZeZ`b\Z_l i_k_gdm kbgbpZ imklbl ^jh[v ^yl_e Keh` gh_ Y ijhkgmeky b m\b^_e qlh emggZy ghqv _s_ [he__ ih [_e_eZ [_euc hl fhjhaZ E_k klhbl klhy lbobc b fheqZeb \uc ihlhfm qlh ]eZ\gu_ i_\pu i_lv me_l_eb ihe_l Dh]^Z lmfZg jZkk_b\Zeky gZ \hklhd_ ihy\eyeky ihy\blky jh\guc [_ j_] J_dZ jZaebeZkv jZaeblvky b aZlhibeZ aZlhibl [_j_]Z [_j_] Khegp_ \u]eygmeh \u]ey^u\Zlv ba aZ lmq b ihe_ hk \_lbehkv k\_l yjdbf k\_lhf >g_f kg_] lZye gZ khegurd_ Z ghqvx fhjha ^hoh^be ^h k_fb ]jZ^mkh\ <^jm] ih^me l_ieuc \_l_j gZ^\bgmebkv lmqb AZ a_e_g_eZ ljZ\dZ gZ^mebkv ihqdb dZebgu b ebidhc [_j_au aZ]m ^_eb iq_eu AZebebkv `Z\hjhgdb \ g_[_ b ijhe_l_eb k \_k_euf ]h]hlZgv_f `mjZ\eb b ]mkb Bkq_aZxl ihke_^gb_ dehqdb kg_]Z b gZ k\_l ihy\ey_l ky i_j\Zy ljZ\dZ < ^jm]hc dhkl_j ^_^ iheh`be kmob_ ihe_gvy qlh[u hgb ]hj_eb \kx ghqv Kbgbpu \bk_eb \gba ]heh\hc b
aZ]ey^u\Zeb \ hdgZ Hg ihqm\kl\h\Ze qlh fZevqbd ko\Zlbe _]h aZ jmdm Dh]^Z ]j_[pu ]j_[eb ^jm`gh eh^dZ [ukljh g_keZkv ih j_d_ Dhkl_j ² dhkljbs_ dhkljh\hc ihqm\kl\h\Ze ² qm\kl\h qm\kl\bl_evguc Fhj_ ]emoh jhilZeh b [behkv h [_j_] ² Fhj_ ]emoh jhilZeh b \hegu [bebkv h [_j_] Ghqvx m^Zjbe fhjha b aZfh jhabe p\_lu ² Ghqvx m^Zjbe fhjha b p\_lu d mljm aZf_jaeb KZ^ lbohgvdh aZrmf_e ebkl\hc b aZf_j ² KZ^ lbohgvdh aZ rmf_e b ebkl\Z aZr_\_ebeZkv Ghqv ijhreZ ih^ [hevrhc qbklhc emghc b d mljm e_] i_j\uc fhjha F Ijbr\bg GZ himrd_ e_kZ y hlukdb\Zx [hevrmx dmqm hk_ggbo ebklv_\ b gZ[b\Zx bfb iheguc f_rhd D IZmklh\kdbc Ijbky^m gZ dZf_gv b kemrZx b\he]b ieZq > D_^jbg Kheg_qguc k\_l miZe \ \h^m b y m\b^_e ih^ \h^hc yjdbc [jhgah\uc k\_l K_\_jguc \_l_j ijbg_k k\bgph\u_ h[eZdZ b \kdhj_ \ \ha^mo_ ihy\bebkv [_eu_ kg_`bgdb
b
b Ijhklu_ ij_^eh`_gby AbfZ _s_ oehihq_l b gZ \_kgm \hjqbl <g_aZigh gZe_l_e \_l_j b ih^gye iuev ih ^hjh]_ Keh`gu_ ij_^eh`_gby GZ ^g_ ha_jZ lhekluf keh_f e_`Zeb bkle_\rb_ ebklvy b \ \h^_ ieZ\Zeb dhjy]b JZ[hlm dhgqbe k_ji gZ gb\Zo ahehluo b ihdjZkg_e \^Zeb dh\_j em]h\ <_l_j j\Zgme kh \k_c kbehc b jZahf ke_l_eb \k_ ebklvy
Khegp_ k\_lbeh yjdh b kg_] [ukljh jZklZye <h^Z ih^gyeZkv b aZlhibeZ [h[jh\mx oZldm ;h[ju i_j_lZsbeb [h[jyl gZ kmob_ ebklvy gh \h^Z ih^h[jZeZkv _s_ \ur_ ;h[ jylZ hdZaZebkv \ \h^_ b ihieueb \ jZagu_ klhjhgu KZfuc fZe_gvdbc [h[j_ghd \u[beky ba kbe b klZe lhgmlv
Y aZf_lbe wlh \ulZsbe _]h ba \h^u b ijbg_k d k_[_ ^hfhc Mljhf \h^Z kiZeZ b y ihkZ^be [h[j_gdZ \ f_rhd b ihkdhj__ hlg_k d j_d_ H^ghdhj_ggu_ keh\Z [h[ju [h[jh\Zy [h[jylZ [h[j_ghd Nhjfu keh\Z [h[jyl [h[jylZ [h[j_ghd [h[j_gdZ Ko_fu
Z
b
b b
b
b
b
Y qm\kl\h\Ze qlh ]hjh^ hklZeky m gZk kijZ\Z
Dh]^Z fu moh^beb s_ghd kdmebe hdheh ^\_jb AZ[hj aZlj_sZe ihlhfm qlh fu gZ\Zebebkv gZ g_]h \k_ kjZam
Hg ihjZ`Zeky lhfm dZd [ukljh \yaZeZ fZfZ gZ kibpZo
qlh"
dh]^Z"
ihq_fm" q_fm"
LjZ\Z ihy\eyeZkv lZf ]^_ kbevg__ ijb]j_\Zeh khegp_ Y ihijhkbe _]h qlh[u hg ijbg_k fg_ dgb]m
?keb g_hklhjh`gh khj\_rv ebklbd k jhkbgdhc
]^_"
h qzf"
ijb dZdhf mkeh\bb"
dZi_evdZ kdZlblky \gba Qlh dh]^Z ihlhfm qlh dZd ]^_ qlh[u _keb AZlj_sZe ² lj_kd gZ\Zebebkv ² gZ\Zeblky ihy\eyeZkv ² ihy\blky ijb]j_\Zeh ² ijb]j_lv ihijhkbe ² ihijhkbl Fu m\b^_eb qlh \heqbpZ ijhe_aeZ \f_kl_ k \heqZlZfb \ ghjm Dh]^Z fu ijb[eb`Zebkv d ljhibgd_ a\hg dhehdhevqb dZ m^Zeyeky ^Zev <kx ghqv abfZ \yaZeZ \y`_l djm`_\gu_ mahju qlh[u ijbgZjy^bebkv ^_j_\vy AZp\_eb p\_l kZ^u b \ky a_fey \ kZ^m ih[_e_eZ [_euc hl e_i_kldh\ y[ehgv <_l_j aZrmf_e b kdhjh aZlbo ?keb \_ldZ dZqg_lky k g__ miZ^_l kg_]
Ko_fu
qlh"
aZq_f"
dh]^Z"
b
b
b
Y \k_]^Z m^b\eyeky ^b\h dZd baf_gy_l aZf_gZ ijbjh ^m kg_] Qlh[u \iheg_ gZkeZ^blvky keZ^hklv wlhc dZjlbghc y \ur_e \ ihe_ GZklmiZeb abfgb_ kmf_jdb b [_euc fjZd h^_\Ze h^_lv a_fex G_[_kZ jZkkuiZebkv kg_`guf imohf b gZihegbeb __ ihjZab l_evghc lbrbghc Y \hjhlbeky ^hfhc b k gZkeZ`^_gb_f keZ^hklv oh^be oh^
ih ^hjh`dZf kZ^Z AZk\_lbebkv k\_l h]hgvdb \ ba[Zo b [e_^guc emq e_] ihi_j_d mebpu Ko_fu ijb dZdhf mkeh\bb"
qlh"
dm^Z"
b
dh]^Z"
Jy[qbdb ih^imkdZxl d k_[_ [ebadh
iha^g_c hk_gvx dh]^Z ih^f_jaZ_l
L_i_jv y ihgye qlh ]^_ lh ih^ a_fe_c
Kj_^b l_fguo ^_j_\v_\ y gZr_e iheygm
KlhyeZ lbrbgZ b a\_g_eb ]^_ lh g_\b^bfu_ `mdb
ih_l fZe_gvdbc jmq__d
]^_ khrebkv [_eu_ [_j_adb
dh]^Z" qlh" dZdmx"
b
Hl jh^bfhc \_ldb hlhj\Zeky
J_[ylZ ihreb q_j_a fhkl ihlhfm qlh
b ihe_l_e ahehlhc ebkl
b
ihq_fm"
e_^ gZ j_d_ _s_ g_ hdj_i Hk_gv jmfygbl dbklb jy[bg b \ e_km aZ]hjZxlky yjdb_ nhgZjbdb
Fu k g_l_ji_gb_f `^Zeb dh]^Z d gZf \ kZ^ hiylv ijbe_ lyl kd\hjpu Y ex[ex kemrZlv kd\hjpZ jZggbf mljhf dh]^Z i_j\uc jhah\uc k\_l aZjb hdjZkbl ^_j_\vy Y \b^_e h^gZ`^u dZd kd\hjpu hl]hgyeb hl ]g_a^Z ]Zehd Ijhoh^bl \j_fy Z \u g_ aZf_qZ_l_ qlh fZe_gvdb_ kd\hjpu \ujhkeb < gZr_f kZ^m jZkp\_eb lxeviZgu b gZjpbkku GZ klmibeb dZgbdmeu b j_[ylZ jZat_oZebkv ba ]hjh^Z Y \ayeZ \ [b[ebhl_d_ dgb]m dhlhjmx fg_ ihkh\_lh\ZeZ fZfZ LboZy ghqv himklbeZkv gZ^ ]hjh^hf LboZy ghqv himklbeZkv gZ^ ]hjh^hf dh]^Z gZr kZfhe_l ijb[eb`Zeky d a_fe_ FZfZ ij_^mij_^beZ ŠG_ aZ[m^v \aylv dexqbª FZevqbd bkim]Zggh ijhr_ilZe ŠY [hxkvª ŠAZ\ljZ y moh`m \ ihoh^ª ² g_h`b^Zggh h[ty\be <h\dZ ŠKdhevdh k_cqZk \j_f_gb"ª ² kijhkbe g_agZdhf_p : ŠIª ŠI"ª ² Z >_`mjguc kdZaZe ŠDeZkk d mjhdm ]hlh\ª : ŠIª Š< ihoh^ ihc^_f \k_ ª ² aZy\beb j_[ylZ ŠI ª ² Z >ZrZ gZibkZeZ aZibkdm fZf_ ŠFZfZ y aZ^_j`mkv \ ]bfgZ abbª : ŠIª ŠJZa\_ kljZmk g_ e_lZ_l"ª ² m^b\beZkv ^_\hqdZ ŠI"ª ² Z
Š: Kg_`gZy dhjhe_\Z g_ fh`_l \hj\Zlvky kx^Z"ª ² kijhkbeZ jZa ^_\hqdZ ŠImklv lhevdh ihijh[m_l ª ² kdZaZe fZevqbd <^jm] fZevqbd \hkdebdgme ŠF_gy dhevgmeh ijyfh \ k_j^p_ ª ŠDZc qlh lu ^_eZ_rv"ª ² \kdjbdgmeZ ^_\hqdZ Hg djbdgme =_j^_ \ kZfh_ moh ŠFg_ iha\hebeb ihdZlZlvky gZ [hevrhc iehsZ^b k ^jm]bfb fZevqbdZfbª = O :g^_jk_g
M <Zjb [ue qb` Qb` `be \ de_ld_ b gb jZam g_ i_e <Zjy kdZaZeZ qb`m ŠIhjZ qb` i_lvª Qb` hl\_lbe ŠImklb f_ gy gZ \hex GZ \he_ y [m^m \_kv ^_gv i_lvª GZ mebp_ \ lhei_ aZ[em^beZkv fZe_gvdZy ^_\hqdZ ;_]Z_l djbqbl bs_l k\hx fZlv GZjh^ kijZrb\Z_l m g__ ŠDZdZy `_ l\hy fZfZ"ª : ^_\hqdZ kd\hav ke_au ]h\hjbl ŠJZa\_ \u g_ agZ_ l_" Fhy fZfZ emqr_ \k_oª KlZjbd kZ`Ze y[ehgb ?fm kdZaZeb ŠAZq_f l_[_ y[ehgb" >he]h `^Zlv hl wlbo y[ehgv ieh^Z b lu g_ kt_rv bo y[ehqdZª KlZjbd kdZaZe ŠY g_ kt_f ^jm]b_ kt_^yl Fg_ kiZkb[h kdZ`mlª E Lheklhc
;ukljh jZklZye ih^ emqZfb yjdh]h khegpZ kg_] Oh jhrb e_lhf ]eZaZklu_ jhfZrdb B^_rv \ lbrbg_ b moZ dhk g_lky ljm[guc a\md Ko_fu > @ > @ > @ b > @ EbkZ ih^iheaeZ d iheugv_ ]^_ ieZ\ZeZ K_jZy R_cdZ E_lhf [m^_l \ukhdbc mjh`Zc ljZ\ _keb \ Zij_e_ gZ aZeb\guo em]Zo klhbl \h^Z Dh]^Z \ahreh khegp_ h`be dZ`^uc dmklbd I_j \ufb ljhgmebkv gZ x] [hehlgu_ ilbpu ihlhfm qlh [hehlZ m`_ gZqbgZeb aZf_jaZlv Dh]^Z khegp_ ih^gyehkv \ky hdj_klghklv haZjbeZkv k\_lhf G_[h aZ\hehdeh lmqZfb b gZqZeZkv ]jhaZ Himklbebkv e_]db_ kg_`bgdb gZ ljhibgdb
Himklbebkv e_]db_ kg_`bgdb gZ ljhibgdb b ih[_e_eh \k_ \hdjm] Himklbebkv e_]db_ kg_`bgdb gZ ljhibgdb ih dhlh juf lhevdh qlh ijhr_e gZr hljy^ Khegp_ hk\_lbeh ihey b kh]j_eh a_fex Ih^me kbevguc \_l_j b gZqZeky ebklhiZ^ Fu ih^hreb d ha_jm \ dhlhjhf ieZ\Zeb qm^_kgu_ ilbpu >bdlhj khh[sbe ŠAZ\ljZ h`b^Zxlky ^h`^bª ŠHey dmib ih`ZemcklZ fhehdZª ² ih ijhkbeZ fZfZ
Kljhcgu_ dhkydb `mjZ\e_c ihlygmebkv \ ^Ze_db_ kljZ gu Ihdjm`bebkv hgb gZ^ iheyfb e_kZfb ]hjh^Zfb GZ hl^uo hklZgh\bebkv \ e_km Gh \hl ihdZaZeZkv jZggyy ahjvdZ b `mjZ\eb hiylv hlijZ\eyxlky \ imlv K g_[Z keurbf bo ijhsZevgu_ ]h ehkZ >h k\b^Zgby `mjZ\eb Ijhr_e kbevguc ^h`^v gh kZ^h\Zy ^hjh`dZ [ukljh \ukhoeZ G_[h gZofmjbehkv b kdhjh ihebe ^h`^v ;Z[mrdZ \^hogh\_ggh i_eZ b ieykZeZ \_kv \_q_j ;hjbk ihemqbe kjhq gmx l_e_]jZffm hl jh^bl_e_c dhlhju_ `beb \ ^_j_\g_ Ijb reZ \_kgZ aZa\_g_eZ dZi_ev KZrZ ijhr_ilZeZ ŠY kijyqmkv aZ lh ^_j_\hª Dhj_gv keh\Z dhj_gv ^_j_\Z dhj_gv am[Z dhj_gv \hehkZ fZl_fZlbq_kdbc dhj_gv dhj_gv aeZ � � � � � =h\hjyl ² ]h\hj ih]h\hjdZ qZku ² qZk klhyl ² klhy � � � � � � � � ki_rZl ² ki_rdZ hlklZxl ² hlklZlv kfhlj_eb ² kfhljbl � � \bkyl ² \bkgmlv >h`^v mkgme Hl khegpZ `_ ih^gyeZkv km_lZ \_ljZ \at_ jhrbebkv ^_j_\vy aZ[hjfhlZeb ljZ\u b dmklZjgbdb B ^Z`_ kZf ^h`^v kgh\Z \klZ\Ze gZ gh]b jZa[m`_gguc s_dhqms_c l_iehlhc b kh[bjZe k\h_ l_eh \ h[eZdZ Ih : IeZlhgh\m
<k_ e_lh ebklvy ih^klZ\eyeb khegpm k\hb eZ^hrdb b
s_qdb kibgdb b `b\hlbdb B ^h lh]h gZebebkv b ijhiblZebkv khegp_f qlh d hk_gb klZeb ahehlufb
AZrmf_e \ e_km ahehlhc ^h`^v DZiey ih ebklbdm s_edg_l b
khj\_lky ebkl Kbgbpu gZ \_ld_ aZ\haylky b [juagml ebklvy ih
klhjhgZf <_l_j gZe_lbl b aZdjm`blky i_kljuc kf_jq Ih dhe_ gh \ ebklvyo ^_j_\vy klhyl Ebklvy rmjrZl kdj_[mlky ehihqml kdZqml dZqZxlky gZ iZmlbgdZo
Rmfbl ahehlhc ^h`^v F_lZnhjZ dhkl_j jy[bgu djZkghc ^mrb kbj_g_\mx p\_lv g_ h[]hjyl jy[bgh\u_ dbklb Hebp_l\hj_gb_ hl]h\hjbeZ jhsZ ahehlZy g_ ijhiZ^_l ljZ\Z `mjZ\eb g_ `Ze_xl [hevr_ gb h dhf Wibl_l \_k_euf yaudhf jhsZ ahehlZy [_j_ah\uf yaudhf ;_j_ah\ uc jy[bgh\ uc ]jmklg uc
Ahehl Zy \_k_e uf djZkg hc K kbghgbfZfb \djb\v b \dhkv i_j_eb\Zlv ba imklh]h \ ih jh`g__ ^h ihju ^h \j_f_gb gb dhgpZ gb djZx p_e b g_\j_^bf mf aZ jZamf aZoh^bl ba h]gy ^Z \ iheufy p_ebdhf b iheghklvx K ZglhgbfZfb k [hevghc ]heh\u gZ a^hjh\mx agZlv \k_ oh^u b \uoh^u hl fZeZ ^h \_ebdZ gb ^Zlv gb \aylv gb `b\ gb f_jl\ jZgh beb iha^gh \^hev b ihi_j_d b klZj b feZ^ g_ gZ `bagv Z gZ kf_jlv Gb klZlv gb k_klv gb ijZ\ gb \bgh\Zl b gZrbf b \Zrbf b ^m rhc b l_ehf \ h]hgv b \h^m dZd g_[h b a_fey gb l_ieh gb oheh^gh Oh^u ² \uoh^u Ohjh\h^u \h^blv \h^blv dhfiZgbx \h^blv aZ ghk
Kuluc ]heh^gh]h g_ jZamf_ _l @b\h_ keh\h ^hjh `_ f_jl\hc [md\u G_ fm^j_gh gZqZ lv ² fm^j_gh dhgqb lv FZe_gvdh_ ^_eh emqr_ iehoh]h [_a^_evy Ih h^_`d_
\klj_qZ xl ² ih mfm ijh\h`Z xl F_gvr_ ]h\hjb ² [hev r_ ^_eZc GZ kf_eh]h kh[ZdZ eZ _l Z ljmkZ dmkZ _l <ujZklb \ ]eZaZo klj_eylv ]eZadZfb e_alv \ ]eZaZ _klv ]eZaZfb fhaheblv ]eZaZ imkdZlv iuev \ ]eZaZ oehiZlv ]eZaZfb ]eZa gZf_lZg kf_jblv ]eZaZfb k ]eZa ^hehc
=h\hjblv aZ ]eZaZ ]eZaZ gZ eh[ e_aml ]eZaZ jZa[_]Zxlky ]eZaZ jZa]hj_ebkv ^_eZlv [hevrb_ ]eZaZ ^ey hl\h^Z ]eZa aZdju\Zlv ]eZaZ gZ qlh eb[h gZ ]eZa ]eZa g_ hlhj\Zlv g_ ihiZ^Zlvky gZ ]eZaZ ijylZlv ]eZaZ \ y[ehdZo dhgv \bk_lv gZ o\hkl_ aZldgmlv aZ ihyk \ue_ l_lv \ ljm[m \hehku ^u[hf aZf_lZlv ke_^u >j_\gyy e_]_g^Z ba[bjZl_evguc [xee_l_gv fhgZr_kdZy d_evy Z^fbgbkljZpby ]hklbgbpu i_j\uc wlZ` ojmklZevguc ]jZnbg kljh]Zy ^b_lZ Zjf_ckdbc dZjZme kem`blv \ Z\bZpbb Bkdhggh jmkkdb_ AZbfkl\h\Zggu_ i_j_ju\ ZgljZdl jZa[hj ZgZeba klhe_lgbd Zehw ih[_^bl_ev q_fibhg \hckdh Zjfby k_[yex[b_ w]hbaf jmdhie_kdZgb_ Zieh^bkf_glu ;hjha^Z ² [jZa^u [j_^ ² [_j_^blv ]eZ\Z ² ]heh\Z \hehqblv ² \eZqblv djZldbc ² dhjhldbc fhehqguc ² fe_q guc ohjhgblv ² ojZgblv kljZgZ ² klhjhgZ ^jZ]hp_gguc ²
^hjh]hc ijhoeZ^guc ² oheh^guc kj_^Z ² k_j_^bgZ \ha]eZk ²
]hehk =jZ^ ² ]hjh^ [j_] ² [_j_] aeZlhc ² ahehlhc ojZgblv ² ohjhgblv kljZ`b ² klhjh` GZ qm`hc klhjhgmrd_ jZ^ k\h_c \hjhgmrd_ M dh]h dhehk m lh]h b ]hehk Fhehl ohlv b fheh^ ^Z [v_l klZjh KqZklv_ ^hjh`_ ahehlZ ;md\ Z Zjv ² [md\Zjv [_j_a Z h\ uc ² [_j_ah\uc ohjhr bc g_ ² g_ohjhrbc aZ[hj qbd ² aZ[hjqbd ]jb[ g hc ² ]jb[ghc
]hjh^ ijb ² ijb]hjh^
kuj hc h\Zl uc ² kujh\Zluc
[_e uc bag Z ² [_ebagZ KlZdZg qbd ² klZdZgqbd dZjfZg qbd ² dZjfZgqbd I_j_\hablv qbd ² i_j_\haqbd ^hdeZ^u\Zlv qbd
² ^hdeZ^qbd i_j_ie_lZlv qbd ² i_j_ie_lqbd Kmi ba ]hjhoZ ² ]hjhoh\uc ieZlv_ ba r_edZ ² r_edh\h_ iZevlh ba iexrZ ² iexr_\h_ Ke_]dZ k_juc ² k_jh\Zluc qmlv qmlv keZ^dbc ²
keZ^dh\Zluc g_fgh]h dbkeuc ² dbkeh\Zluc
Ba[Z ba [j_\_g ² [j_\_gqZlZy dhe_kh k am[vyfb ² am[qZlh_
IbZgbgh ² ibZgbkl Zddhj^_hg ² Zddhj^_hgbkl \bh
ehgq_ev ² \bhehgq_ebkl ]blZjZ ² ]blZjbkl [Zyg ² [Zygbkl kdjbidZ ² kdjbiZq ljm[Z ² ljm[Zq [ZjZ[Zg ² [ZjZ[Zgsbd
Ba[mrdZ [Z[mrdZ klZjmrdZ rZemgbrdZf j_[ylbrdZf JZa]h\hjblv ih]h\hjblv hl]h\hjblv aZ]h\hjblv m]h\h jblv i_j_]h\hjblv ijb]h\hjblv h[]h\hjblv ^h]h\hjblv gZ]h \hjblv ih^]h\hjblv \u]h\hjblv Lb]jbp u rZofZlbkld Zfb i_j_e_a ml ex[bl_e _c h hl hlh G_l ijbklZ\db
hlph\kdbc hrb[dZ hkgh\Zlv hlh[jZablv
hlhsZlv hlhiblv
hll_i_ev hlukdZlv hl\Zjblv hl\hjblv hlju\Zlv hljZ[hlZlv hl^_eZlv hlk_eblv hliZjblv
hlhj\Zlv hlh^\bgmlv
Ke_abgdZ ke_aZlv h[h[sZlv h[h[jZlv h[h]Zlblv ih^h `^Zlv h[h^jblv h[hqbgZ ih^hjh`gbd ih^hdhggbd ih^hoh^ guc ih^hblv ih^hkbgh\bd ih^h^_yevgbd ih^mqblv ih^_j`Zlv ih^h``_gguc gZ^hblv gZ^hj\Zlv
bkl uc [ZjoZlbkluc \hegbkluc ]hehkbkluc
^mrbkluc a_jgbkluc dhehkbkluc ie_qbkluc iylgbkluc
bkl [Zygbkl ]blZjbkl `mjgZebkl fZrbgbkl nb]mjbkl g uc [_k dhjukl g uc [_k kh\_kl g uc [_k [_k rmf g uc [_k ihdhc g uc zj ebnl zj klZ` zj ^bjb` zj moZ` zj yl Zfb kehg yl Zfb \_j[ex` Zl Zfb lb]j yl Zfb ey]mr Zl Zfb \u gm lv \u kdheva gm lv \u guj gm lv \u iju] gm lv \u lhed gm lv
:il_dZjv \jZlZjv ]eZ\Zjv \bgh]jZ^Zjv ^bdZjv iZ oZjv kmoZjv Keh\Zjv [md\Zjv kmoZjv
;_j_ad Z ² [_j_a Z [hjh^d Z ² [hjh^ Z ]heh\d Z ² ]heh\ Z im]h\d Z ² im]h\bp Z y]h^d Z ² y]h^ Z
Dhkv[ Z ² dhkb lv ijhkv[ Z ² ijhkb lv j_av[ Z ²
j_aZ lv oh^v[ Z ² oh^b lv fhehlv[ Z ² fhehlb lv I_r dhf _ oh^ blv ² i_r_oh^ we_dlj bq_kl\h h \ha blv ² we_dljh\ha k_dmg^ Z h f_j blv ² k_dmg^hf_j `b\hlg h_ h \h^ blv ² `b\hlgh\h^ ]Za h ijh\h^ blv ² ]Zahijh\h^ kZf h k\Ze blv ² kZfhk\Ze e_^ h dhe hlv ² e_^hdhe kg_] h hqbkl blv l_ev ² kg_]hhqbklbl_ev kl_de h h j_a Zlv ² kl_dehj_a
\h^ Z h ijh\h^ blv ² \h^hijh\h^ kZf h \Zj blv ² kZfh\Zj kZ^ h \h^ blv ² kZ^h\h^ ]eZa h f_j blv ² ]eZahf_j dhgv _ \h^ blv ² dhg_\h^
Kihjblv hkiZjb\Zlv H[eZdh h[eZqguc Fhjhablv
fhjh`_gh_ <hiev \hiblv H]mj_p h]mj_qguc DZaZd dZaZqbc
dZaZpdbc <ha^mo \ha^mrguc Dgyav dgy]bgy dgy`_kdbc A^jZ\kl\mc ² a^hjh\v_ ojZgblv ² ohjhgblv feZ^hc ² fheh^hc \jZlZjv ² \hjhlZ ]eZkguc ² ]hehk kj_^Z ² k_j_^b gZ \e_dhfuc ² \hehqblv Q_j_^h\Zgb_ ? b H k gme_f a\mdZ < ijbklZ\d_
ih^ju\Zlv ih^hj\Zlv ih^kueZlv ih^hkeZlv kju\Zlv khj\Zlv
< dhjg_
[Zkgy [Zk_gguc [Zrgy [Zr_gguc q_j_rgy q_j_r_gdZ m]eZ m]he m]ey m]hev e[u eh[ ev^Z e_^
< kmnnbdk_
neZ`dZ neZ`hd dehqdZ dehqhd kugdZ kughd dZ\dZa_p dZ\dZapZ ]hjh^hd ]hjh^dZ
;Z]jh\uc aZdZl hjZg`_\h_ khegp_ ebeh\Zy ^Zev kbj_ g_\uc ieZs nbhe_lh\uc rZjnbd � � � � M^b\bl_evguc ² ^b\h hqZjh\Zl_evguc ² qZju
� � ij_e_klguc ² ij_e_klv kh[eZagbl_evguc ² kh[eZag � �
� � m\e_dZl_evguc ² m\e_qvky JZkiheh`_gb_ eZ]_jy iheZ]Zlvky gZ ^jm]Z ij_^eh `blv ihfhsv ibr_rv baeh`_gb_ bamqZ_rv ijbeZ]Zl_ev gh_ iheh`_gb_ ljm^gh_ i_j_eZ]Zlv klbob k\hbfb keh\Zfb
Ij_^iheh`_gb_ \haeh`blv keh`_gb_ hleh`blv
i_j_eh`blv ij_^eh`_gb_
Ij_^iheZ]Zlv \haeZ]Zlv keZ]Z_fh_ ij_^eZ]Zlv h[eZ]Zlv
jZaeZ]Zlvky
>_j_\vy [ukljh \ujhkeb [h]ZlZy jZklbl_evghklv \ajZs_gguc p\_lhd ^_lb aZ e_lh ih^jhkeb ih^jZklZ_l k\_`Zy ljZ\Z \ujZs_ggu_ \ hjZg`_j__ jhau
Jhkeb ² \ujhkeb aZjhkeb \jhkeb \ajhke_lv jZajhkebkv ih^jhkeb JZklb ² \ujZklb aZjZklb \jZklb \ajZklblv jZajZklZ_lky
ih^jZklZlv JZkl_gb_ jZkl_gb_\h^ jZklmsbc ^bdhjZklmsbc hl jZkev hljZke_\hc \hajZklghc \ujZklZlv jhklhd gZjZsb\Zgb_ ijhbajZklZgb_ \ujZsb\Zlv ih^jZsb\Zlv ihjhkev jZajZklZlv ky jZklbl_evghy^guc aZjhkev ih^jZklZxsbc <b^u hjnh]jZff \ dhjg_ Ijh\_jy_fu_ G_ijh\_jy_fu_ =eZkgu_ K q_j_^h\Z ijhbaghr_gb ijhbaghr_gb_f ihke_ rbiy gb_f _f ]eZkgu_ ]eZkgu_ b kh sbo qm sm ]eZkguo b kh]eZkgu_
]eZkgu_
qZ sZ `b rb
ljhibgdZ m]Z^Zlv agZdhfuc em] h\jZ] e_kgZy klhjh`dZ
^hjh]m hkhdhc h\jZ] iheygZ a^_kv qm\kl\mcl_ k_[y ihqlb
aZjhkeZ rbjhdbc aZjZklZxsbc qm^_kgZy jZkiheZ]Zc qm\kl\mcl_ l_kv
LjhibgdZ ihqlb aZjhkeZ b k ljm^hf fh`gh [ueh m]Z^Zlv ^hjh]m
>Zevr_ rbjhdbc h\jZ] Z gZijZ\h
b Z
qm^_kgZy iheygZ JZajZklZxsb_ky dmklu dju`h\gbdZ jZkkhjlbjh\Zggu_ ih \_ebqbg_ `zem^b `_em^z\uc jZks_iblv ^hkdm gZ `zj^hqdb `_j^v hlhjhq_gguc f_ohf dZixrhg ^_rz\uc [be_l \ l_Zlj ^_r_\e_ qhihjguc `_kl Bki_qzgg uc [_j_`hd k aZ``zgg hc k\_q hc � JZks_iblv ² s_idZ
Rhjho qzjguc `zeluc j_rzldZ qzedZ rh\ JZk lheqzgguc i_q zrv e` zrv g_k zrv ky aZ``zgguc ihrze Szedgme \udexqZl_ev aZ`z]ky k\_l b hdgh klZeh qzj guf Bkq_aeb hq_jlZgby ^_j_\v_\ keurZeky lhevdh rmf b^m sbo ih rhkk_ fZrbg Gh kdhjh b hg klbog_l Himklblky ghqv k _z hklhjh`gufb rhjhoZfb b g_\gylguf rzihlhf Keh\Z hfhgbfu dhlhju_ jZaebqZxlky agZq_gb_f agZq_gb_f agZq_gb_f b ijhbaghr_gb_f b gZibkZgb_f � lhiblv ^jh\Zfb ² ojmidbc f_ehd ² kibrb keh\Z ² � lhiblv \ \h^_ wlhl ijm^ f_ehd ki_rb ^hfhc � ohqm _klv ² ki_rblv gZ jZ[hlm ² kt_^h[guc ]jb[ ² � m f_gy _klv [be_l ki_rblv dhgy \bjmkguc ]jbii jm[dZ e_kZ ² jm[dZ j_adbc oehihd ² � gZ iZem[_ dhjZ[ey [_euc oehihd �
h[b`Zlv ^jm]Z ² h[_`Zlv \hdjm] ^_j_\Z
Keh\Z hfhgbfu dhlhju_ jZaebqZxlky agZq_gb_f agZq_gb_f agZq_gb_f b ijhbaghr_gb_f b gZibkZgb_f � ebkbqdb ² `b\hlgu_ bjbk ² dhgn_lZ � ebkbqdb ² ]jb[u bjbk ² p\_lhd
Keh\Z hfhgbfu dhlhju_ jZaebqZxlky agZq_gb_f agZq_gb_f agZq_gb_f b ijhbaghr_gb_f b gZibkZgb_f � dhkbl dhk_p ² � aZcqbrdZ dhkbl � ljmkbl ljmkbrdZ ² � hkebd ljmkbl Ih ]hjbahglZeb E_dkbdZ Kbghgbfu Ih \_jlbdZeb Hfhgbfu :glhgbfu FZfZ <Zkb Ex[bfh\Z qZklh mihlj_[ey_l keh\Z bgt_dpby rijbp gZjdha Zfimlbjh\Zlv j_ZgbfZpby HgZ jZ[hlZ_l \ [hevgbp_ Hl_p <Zkb om^h`gbd _]h j_qv ihegZ keh\Zfb l_fi_ jZ hojZ ohekl dbgh\Zjv ih^jZfgbd ;Z[mrdZ jZ[hlZ_l \ lbih ]jZnbb Z ihlhfm qZklh bkihevam_l keh\Z rjbnl j_^Zdlhj dhjj_dlhj nhjaZp dgb]b i_j_ie_l : \ j_qb ^_^mrdb g_j_^dh f_evdZxl keh\Z Zeb[b Zfgbklby km^_[guc wdki_jl bkl_p h[ `Zeh\Zgb_ ihlhfm qlh hg fgh]h e_l jZ[hlZ_l km^v_c A_e_gy habfv ² a_e_guc fhehly]Z ijbkihkh[e_gb_ ^ey fhehlv[u ]hjhoZ ² fhehlblv dmjgbd ibjh] k dmjbguf fy khf ² dmjbpZ ihjh`gbd ibjh] [_a gZqbgdb ² ihjh`gbc \urdZ q_j^Zd ² \ukv i_\mg i_lmo ² i_\qbc mlbjZevgbd ihehl_gp_ ² \ulbjZlv djml_gv f_l_ev \vx]Z ² djmlblv jZghd mljh i_j\Zy iheh\bgZ ^gy ² jZggbc hk_ggbpZ g_gZkl gZy ih]h^Z ² hk_ggbc S_db ² eZgblu iZe_p ² i_jkl r_y ² \uy gZijZkgh ² \k_ ^hqv ² ^s_jv hq_gv ² a_eh qlh[u ² ^Z[u lh _klv ² kbj_qv ihlhfm qlh ² ihg_`_ ih[_^Z ² \bdlhjby iZjmk ² \_ljbeh e_\Zy jmdZ ² rmcpZ dhlhjuc ² b`_ ]eZagu_ \_db ² \_`^u ihdZ ² ^hdhev ^_\hqdZ ih^jhklhd ² hljhdh\bpZ \hj ² lZlv k\b^_l_ev ² ihkemo dj_klvygbg ² kf_j^ qbgh\gbd ² lbmg obljhklv ² dexdZ i_qZev ² lm]Z jZ[ugy ² qZ]Z dhgv ² dhfhgv ]jyav ² [jm^ fhegby ² [ebklZ\bpZ kdhl ² ]h\y^ i_lmo ² dmj \kZ^gbd ² _a^_p kijZ\Z ² h^_kgmx
Ba^Z\gZ ² ^Z\gbc hlf_qZeky ² hlf_lblv `bevy ² `blv ijhgbdZeh ² ijhgbdgmlv klZjrbgkl\m ² klZjrbc i_qgh_ ² i_qv ijb]hlh\e_gb_f kiZeZ ² kiZlv kljyighc ² kljyiZlv ^\_jghc ² ^\_jv ^Z\Zlv ² ^Zlv gZagZq_gb_ ² gZagZqblv � � � � Ijh\_jy_fu_ ² p\_lms_fm p\_l jhkbgd_ jhku G_ijh\_jy_fu_ ² hljZ`_ggu_ jhfZrdb Q_j_^h\Zgb_ ² \ujhkrb_ I_j_^Zlv ho\Zlu\Z_l \ujhkrb_
HdhgqZgb_ hlt_oZlv h[ty\e_gb_ \eh`blv k[jhkblv ^h^_eZlv ihfulv ih^\_alb ij_^eh`blv i_j_kljhcdZ ijhoeZ^Z gZ\_k gZ^klZ\blv aZagZcdZ >k@ kiho\Zlblvky knhlh]jZnbjh\Zlvky k\_alb
k >a@
k[blvky k^_j`b\Zlvky
>`@ k`bfZlv k`_\Zlv k`mevgbqZlv
GZ^ibkv ih^o\Zlblv h[klZ\blv hl^ZqZ hl[hc hla\md k^_eZlv
<h^blv ² jZa\h^blv ba\h^blv \ha\h^blv o\Zeblv ² jZko\Zeblv p_gguc ² [_kp_gguc ]jZ[blv ² jZa]jZ[blv
dbgmlv ² jZkdbgmlv oh^blv ² \hkoh^blv gbkoh^blv ihe_aguc ² [_kihe_aguc \Zjblv ² jZa\Zjblv ]hgylv ² jZa]hgylv ba]hgylv [_^guc ² [_a[_^guc
;_a]jZgbqguc bajZkoh^h\Zlv [_klhedh\uc \ha^_eu
\Zlv jZkp_eh\Zlv gba\_j]Zlvky \h^hiZ^ \a[m^hjZ`blv jZa]g_ \Zlv
K[b\Zlv k]b[Zlv k^_eZlv k]hj_lv k[jblv k^_j`Zlv
>\_jp u ijh^Z\sbp u [mn_lqbp u hlebqgbp u
>_fhgkljZpby ² ^_fhgkljZpbhgguc ZdZpby ² ZdZpb_\uc ^_abgn_dpby ² ^_abgn_dpbhgguc pbjd ² pbjdh\hc j_i_lbpby ² j_i_lbpbhgguc klZgpby ² klZgpbhgguc ;_kdjh\gZy j_\hexpby ijZa^gbqgZy ^_fhgkljZpby bg l_j_kgZy e_dpby eh\dbc pu]Zg q_jlblv pbjdme_f \ujbkh\u\Zlv pbnju Fbebpby ihebpby bglhdkbdZpby bgn_dpby bgkljmd pby Z]blZpby dhee_dlb\baZpby dhee_dpby dhgkljmdpby Z\bZ pby Zll_klZpby dhehgbaZpby dhgdmj_gpby beexfbgZpby be exkljZpby � � � � P_ebgZ ² p_euc p_gZ ² p_gguc J_hj]ZgbaZpby Zjfbb ^_fhgkljZpby fh^ ijZa^gbqgu_ mebpu pu]Zgkdb_ lZgpu [hevrb_ pbnju iZjZ^gu_ e_klgbpu djZkhqgu_ kljZgbpu p\_lmsb_ ZdZpbb K \_jg uf lh\Zjbs_f ² gZqZevgZy nhjfZ ² \_jguc bfy ijbeZ] fm` j _^ q L i Ih^]hgy _l ² gZqZevgZy nhjfZ ² ih^]hgylv ]eZ]he _^ q gZkl \j _ e Fbfh ]hjh^ Z ² gZqZevgZy nhjfZ ² ]hjh^ bfy kms f j _ kde J i ;hevr h]h dhjZ[ey ² gZqZevgZy nhjfZ ² [hevrhc bfy ijbeZ] f j _^ q J i ;_j_] ml ² gZqZevgZy nhjfZ ² [_j_qv ]eZ]he fg q gZkl \j _ e K ijbklZg b ² gZqZevgZy nhjfZ ² ijbklZgv bfy kms ` j _ kde J i Kl_deygguc rZj kl_deyggh]h rZjZ kl_deygghfm rZjm kl_deygguc rZj kl_deygguf rZjhf h kl_deygghf rZj_ =jhfdh kihjblv ]jhfdh kihjx ² ]jhfdh kihjbf ]jhfdh kihjbrv ² ]jhfdh kihjbl_ ]jhfdh kihjbl ² ]jhfdh kihjyl kms kms
ijbe
]eZ]
Z JZ[hl Z jZ[hq b_ jmdb jZ[hlZ lv jZ[hlgbp Z kms aZjZ[hlhd [ JZ[hlZlv jZ[hlZ_f jZ[hlZ_rv jZ[hlZxl jZ[hlZx
Ljm^gZy jZ[hlZ bgl_j_kgZy jZ[hlZ x\_ebjgZy jZ[hlZ kjhq gZy jZ[hlZ kh\f_klgZy jZ[hlZ Eh\dh jZ[hlZlv x\_ebjgh jZ[hlZlv ohjhrh jZ[hlZlv iehoh jZ[hlZlv [ukljh jZ[hlZlv =eZ]he _ e _^ q hl\_qZ_rv ieZq_rv kljhbrv gZi_ \Z_rv ohohq_rv =eZ]he kij fg q _ e kfhljbf g_gZ\b^bf kljhbf ib ebf Bfy kms _ kde _^ q I i \ [_jeh]_ h xghr_ \ dgb]_ \ ^_j_\g_ Bfy kms _ kde _^ q J i g_l kf_ehklb ojZ[jhklb ^h[ e_klb fm^jhklb Bfy kms _ kde ly]Zq \jZq dZeZq kf_jq G_ [ue ]eZ]he \ Db_\_ kms kde I i h Jh^bg_ kms kde I i hdheh jhsb kms kde J i beb hdheh jhs kms kde ieZs kms kde g_ ohqm ]eZ]he ihfhsv kms kde dZeZq kms kde g_l f_ehqb kms kde \ jhs_ kms kde I i \ h[eZklb kms kde l_ieuf ijbe _^ q L i [_j_qv ]eZ]he g n fh`_rv ]eZ]he e _^ q kijyqvky ]eZ]he ih\ gZde o o aZ\ljZdZ_l dh]^Z" mljhf ibr_l dZd" g_ZddmjZlgh o
o
`b\_l ]^_" g_^Ze_dh ieZq_l aZq_f" ihgZijZkgm o
o
ih\hjZqb\Z_l dm^Z" gZe_\h \b^bl ]^_" kijZ\Z o
o
jZa^Z_lky hldm^Z" ba^Zeb _^_l hldm^Z" hldm^Z lh o
_^_l gZkdhevdh" gZ\k_]^Z J i fh_]h deZkkZ fh_c l_ljZ^b fh_]h baeh`_gby > i fh_fm deZkkm fh_c l_ljZ^b fh_fm baeh`_gbx I i h fh_f deZkk_ h fh_c l_ljZ^b h fh_f baeh`_gbb Fhc ² f_klhbf_gb_ Hj_e klj_fbl_evgh \afue \\ukv b bkq_a \ g_[_kZo F_^\_^v e_a gZijhehf g_ jZa[bjZy ^hjh]b
AZyp klj_fbl_evgh fqZeky hl hohlgbqv_c kh[Zdb EbkZ hklhjh`gh ih^djZ^u\ZeZkv d k\h_c ^h[uq_ Lb]j k\bj_ih juqZe h[gZ`Zy k\hb deudb
>h[ju_ \_klb g_ e_` Zl gZ f_kl_ >_eh fZkl_jZ [h bl ky JZ[hqb_ jmdb g_ agZ xl kdmdb G_ kjZam Fhkd\Z kljh
be Z kv <b^ bl hdh ^Ze_dh Z mf _s_ ^Zevr_ Fbj hk\_sZ _l
ky khegp_f Z q_eh\_d ² agZgb_f <hjhg_ khdhehf g_ [u lv Ih]h\hjdb
Hklhjh`gh aZf_lblv aZy\blv f_`^m ijhqbf jZ^hklgh \hkdebdgmlv aZy\blv g_ij_dehggh ijhbaghkblv aZ^mfqb\h h[t ykgylv l_ji_eb\h IZoZlv [hjhgblv k_ylv dhkblv fhehlblv RlmdZ lmjblv [_lhgbjh\Zlv djZkblv hebnblv <Zjblv i_qv \yaZlv rblv `Zjblv ]hlh\blv Fh`_l [mevdZlv ² \h^Z kmi fh]ml lbdZlv ² qZku fh`_l `mjqZlv ² jmq_c ]hehkhd fh`_l r_e_kl_lv ² kljZ gbpu dgb]b ebkl\Z fh`_l `m``Zlv ² fmoZ iq_eZ imey fh`_l ]jhohlZlv ² ih_a^ ]jhf f_[_ev h[m\v
G_ jZkiheZ]Z_rv g_ fh`_rv g_ hleh`brv g_ ohq_rv g_ [m^_rv g_ qm\kl\m_rv g_ e_lZ_rv g_ ]h\hjbrv ?fm g_a^hjh\blky g_gZ\b^brv ljmkhklv g_]h^h\Zlv ijhlb\ g_kijZ\_^eb\hklb g_^hmf_\Zx ba aZ hlf_gu ki_dlZdey kbevgh g_^hfh]Z_l _c g_^hklZ_l agZgbc g_`brvky gZ khegurd_ g_^h ex[eb\Z_rv khk_^_c EZkdh\h_ keh\h kZfhfm gbq_]h g_ klhbl Z ^jm]hfm fgh]h ^Z_l G_ [m^v h\phc lZd b \hed g_ kt_kl G_ i_jhf ibrml Z mfhf G_ \ k\hb kZgb g_ kZ^bkv Qlh gZibkZgh i_ jhf g_ \ujm[brv lhihjhf ;_a ljm^Z g_ \ulZsbrv b ju[dm ba ijm^Z G_ qm\kl\m_rv g_ hiZkZ_rvky g_^hfh]Z_rv g_gZ\b ^brv g_ ijyqvky g_ [ue g_ fh] g_ jZaebqZ_rv g_a^hjh\blky g_ hklZgZ\eb\Z_rvky g_ hl\Z`b\Z_rvky
?oZlv ² ijb_oZlv m_oZlv `Zlv ² k`Zlv jZa`Zlv \_alb ² ijb\_alb hl\_alb kuiZlv ² ih^kuiZlv hlkuiZlv
Ih^ihealb d jZg_ghfm \uihealb ba mdjulby ^hihealb
^h hdhiZ ijbihealb gZ i_j_^h\mx i_j_ihealb q_j_a jmq_c kihealb k i_qdb
AZp\_lZ _l ^he_lZ _l aZghqm _l
Ih[_^b lv ijbdZaZ lv j_rb lv ihiulZ lv ky hrb[b lv ky kfmlb lv aZbgl_j_kh\Z lv ky jZkihjy^b lv ky h[b^_ lv
qlh ^_eZe"
qlh ^_eZe"
;ukljh [ukljh djmlbeky kijZ\Z gZe_\h kdjmqb\Zeky qlh ^_eZe" qlh ^_eZe" qlh ^_eZe" \ae_lZe \\_jo kgh\Z re_iZe hiylv \ae_lZe QZk qlh k^_eZe" gZklmibe qlh k^_eZeh" ih\e_deh jy^ Z\ lhfh[bev qlh k^_eZe" nujdgme ]m^hd qlh k^_eZe" ^hg_kky nhjlhqdZ qlh k^_eZeZ" oehigmeZ k \ g \ k \ g \ DZkZlvky ² dhkgmlvky rZ]Zlv ² rZ]gmlv k \ k \ g \ g \ fZoZlv ²fZogmlv k\_jdZlv ² k\_jdgmlv k \ g \ k \ g \ lhedZlv ² lhedgmlv ]ehlZlv ² ]ehlgmlv g \ k \ djbqZlv ² djbdgmlv Ke_]dZ dhkgmlvky hlqZyggh fZogmlv j_rbl_evgh rZ]gmlv g_h`b^Zggh djbdgmlv Hg hlqZyggh fZogme jmdhc ihlhfm qlh m g_]h hiylv gbq_]h g_ ihemqbehkv >h[jh\hevpu j_rbl_evgh rZ]gmeb \i_j_^ Hev]Z g_h`b^Zggh djbdgmeZ \ke_^ moh^ys_fm ih_a^m g \ g \ k \ k \ � � � Ihkfhlj_lv ² ihkfZljb\Zlv ih]ey^_lv ² ih]ey^u\Zlv � k \
g \
k \
g \
� � � \u[jhkblv ² \u[jZku\Zlv kjbkh\Zlv ² kjbkh\u\Zlv � g \ g \ k \ k \ � � � � jZkkfhlj_lv ² jZkkfZljb\Zlv aZdhehlv ² aZdZeu\Zlv g \ k \ g \ k \ � � � � kibkZlv ² kibku\Zlv \ulZsblv ² \ulZkdb\Zlv g \
Y _`_^g_\gh ih qZkm aZgbfZxkv nbadmevlmjhc D k \
g \
k \
gZf g_h`b^Zggh ijb_oZe h[_^Zlv gZr ^jm] OeugmeZ \^jm] g \
]hjyqZy \h^Z >h`^v ebe p_euc ^_gv Hg k dZ`^uf ^g_f
g \
g \
\ajhke__l Hg ^he]h j_rZe wlm aZ^Zqm Y \j_fy hl \j_f_gb g \
i_j_qblu\Zx wlm dgb]m Ko_fZ ij
b
AZf_j_lv hlibjZlv aZfbjZlv jZkl_j_lv [e_kl_lv jZkklbeZlv kh[bjZlv hli_j_lv jZkkl_eblv
Kh[_j_rv ² kh[bjZlv \uq_e ² \uqblZlv m^_j_rv ² m^bjZlv aZ`_] ² aZ`b]Zlv
[e_klbrv ² [ebklZlv \uf_j ² \ufbjZlv
aZi_j ² aZibjZlv jZkkl_eblv ² jZkklbeZlv
<hdjm] jZkklbeZxlky [_kdjZcgb_ ihey GZ^h [ueh kh[bjZlv kmqvy b jZa`b]Zlv dhkl_j Ilbp g_ [ueh [m^lh hgb \uf_jeb GZ g_[_ [ebklZxl a\_a^u >jmavy [ukljh ijbfbjbebkv Gbdhfm g_ ohl_ehkv mfbjZlv [_kp_evgh g \ k \ j_rZ lv j_rZe j_rb lv j_rbe gZoh^b lv gZoh^be Z m\e_dZ lv m\e_dZe b g_kh\ \b^
gZc lb gZre Z
m\e_qv m\e_de b
g_kh\ \b^
<b^ bl ² \b^_ lv eZ _l ² eZy lv kh\ \b^ g_kh\ \b^ keur bl ² keurZ lv \u[jhr m ² \u[jhkb lv kh\ \b^
g_kh\ \b^
\ue_l bl ² \ue_l_ lv g_gZ\b^ bl ² g_gZ\b^_ lv kh\ \b^
g_kh\ \b^
g_kh\ \b^
kde_be ² kde_b lv _a` m ² _a^b lv _^ m ² _oZ lv kh\ \b^
kh\ \b^
Ijb\_ae b ² ijb\_a lb ijb\_e b ² ijb\_k lb kh\ \b^
g_kh\ \b^
ijhre b ² ijhc lb ]j_[ m ² ]j_k lb g_kh\ \b^
g_kh\ \b^
ihea _l ² ihea lb ie_l _l ² ie_k lb g_kh\ \b^
kh\ \b^
[j_^ m ² [j_k lb aZp\_e ² aZp\_k lb g_kh\ \b^
g_kh\ \b^
Kljh yl ky ² kljhb lv ky kljb` _l ky ² kljbqv ky g_kh\ \b^
g_kh\ \b^
g_k ml ky ² g_k lb kv fh] m ² fhqv g_kh\ \b^
kh\ \b^
[m^ _rv ² [u lv hklZgh\be ky ² hklZgh\b lv ky
kh\ \b^
h[`_] ky ² h[`_qv ky ;_`Zlv \h \_kv ^mo ² fqZlvky \ue_l_lv \ ljm[m ² ijh ]hj_lv kfhlj_lv kd\hav iZevpu ² g_ aZf_qZlv \h^blv aZ ghk ² h[fZgu\Zlv oh^blv gZ aZ^gbo eZidZo ² ijbkem`b\Zlvky [_ kblvky k `bjm ² ijb\_j_^gbqZlv Fbj qlh ^_eZ_l" hk\_sZ_lky agZgb_f Dlh g_ mf__l qlh ^_eZlv" ih\bgh\Zlvky lhl g_ mf__l ih\_e_\Zlv >jm] aZ ^jm`dm qlh ^_eZlv" ^_j`Zlvky ² gbq_]h qlh ^_eZlv" g_ [hylv ky =jZfhl_ qlh ^_eZlv" mqblvky \k_]^Z qlh k^_eZ_l" ijb]h ^blky Dlh ex[bl ljm^ lhfm [_a ^_eZ qlh ^_eZ_l" g_ kb^blky Ex[brv qlh ^_eZlv" dZlZlvky ² ex[b b kZghqdb \hablv >_\hqdZ qlh ^_eZ_l" ijbq_ku\Z_lky mfu\Z_lky \ulb jZ_lky h^_\Z_lky meu[Z_lky kf__lky klZjZ_lky dZlZ_lky Ohq_lky qlh k^_eZlv" jZkkf_ylvky meu[gmlvky ihdZlZlvky bkdmiZlvky knhlh]jZnbjh\Zlvky kh[jZlvky gZmqblvky >he`_g qlh ^_eZlv" kljbqvky [_j_qvky mqblvky klZjZlvky ^_j`Zlvky ijbkemrb\Zlvky \_k_eblvky A_fey f_gyeZkv jZgvr_ A_fey [m^_l f_gylvky ihlhf b ijhklh g_\_jhylgh ij_^iheh`blv qlh hgZ g_ f_gy_lky k_cqZk Jh`^Zxlky b ]b[gml hkljh\Z ba\_j]Zxlky \medZgu kf_sZ_l ky f_klZfb dhjZ G_ hklZ_lky \ ihdh_ hd_Zgkdh_ ^gh i_j_f_sZ _lky f_klZfb b kmrZ Dh_ ]^_ hgZ ih^gbfZ_lky b m dhglbg_glh\ ihy\eyxlky gh\u_ d\Z^jZlgu_ dbehf_lju A_fey ^\b`_lky b k_cqZk Ih ; Eyimgh\m
Hkljh\Z ² hkljh\ghc hkljh\db hd_Zgkdh_ ² hd_Zg ihdhc ² [_kihdhcguc dhglbg_glh\ ² dhglbg_glZevguc d\Z^jZlgu_ ² d\Z^jZl dbehf_lj ² dbehf_ljh\uc Ij_^iheh`blv ² ij_^iheZ]Zlv Hl kbevgh]h \_ljZ m DZlb qlh ^_eZxl" ke_aylky ]eZaZ <hdjm] l_ZljZ qlh ^_eZ_l" lheiblky gZjh^ GZ n_klb\Zev ^he` gu qlh k^_eZlv" kt_oZlvky ij_^klZ\bl_eb klZ ]hjh^h\ MadZy ljhibgdZ qlh ^_eZ_l" \v_lky f_`^m kdZeZfb Kg_] fy]dh qlh
^_eZ_l" eh`blky gZ a_fex ŠGbq_]h qlh k^_eZ_l" kl_jiblkyª ² m]h\Zjb\Ze mqbl_ev kms
]eZ]
GZ^ ihe_f `Z\hjhghd \v_lky ]eZ]
kms
<h j`b kbg_xl \Zkbevdb kms
]eZ]
B khegp_ \_k_eh kf__lky
> ²
< ijhajZqghf a_jdZe_ j_db D NhnZgh\
kms
@ >
² @ b > ²
@
]eZ]
LZf \_q_jZ k]msZxlky kms
ijbe
ijbe
<ha^mo \eZ`_g b ^mrbkl ]eZ]
B jhkhx mfu\Z_lky > ² kms
@ > ²
b
@ b >
² @
GZ ^_j_\vyo dZ`^uc ebkl K >jh``bg
� \v_lky ² >\œMœhpZ@ ?keb [u ^Z dZ[u \ujhkeb khkeZ] \h jlm ]jb[u lh b [ue [u khkeZ] g_ jhl Z h]hjh^ < jZ^hklb agZc ih\ f_jm \ [_^_ \_ju g_ l_jyc ih\ Aehc q_eh\_d b kZfh]h k_[y g_gZ\b ^bl baty\ G_ [m^v ih\ mijyf Z [m^v ih\ ijyf Q_f [u ^bly gb l_rbehkv khkeZ] ebrv [u g_ ieZdZeh khkeZ] Dlh ex[bl baty\ ljm^blvky g n lhfm [_a ^_eZ g_ kb^blky baty\ IjZ\^Z \ \h^_ g_ lhg_l baty\ \ h]g_ g_ ]hjbl bat y\ G_ ]hj^bkv ih\ a\Zgb_f Z ]hj^bkv ih\ agZgb_f >h[ju_ mfbjZxl baty\ Z ^_eZ bo g_ ijhiZ^Zxl baty\ B g_ ibe [u b g_ _e ² \k_ [u kemrZe ^Z ]ey^_e : Imrdbg ŠDZ[u y [ueZ pZjbpZ ² ]h\hjbl __ k_kljbpZ ² lh gZ \_kv [u fbj h^gZ gZldZeZ [u ihehlgZª : Imrdbg Ho e_lh djZkgh_ Ex[be [u y l_[y dh]^Z [ g_ aghc ^Z iuev ^Z dh fZju ^Z fmob : Imrdbg Ohlv [u f_kyp wlZd \ rmldm d gZf ijh]eygme gZ fbgmldm \k_ [u e_]q_ I ?jrh\
=ey^_e [u y p_euc ^_gv \ l_e_\bahj _keb [u g_ fZfZ ?keb [u g_ [ueh lZd ljm^gh y ex[be [u fZl_fZlbdm ?keb [u fZfZ iha\hebeZ lh y [u ihr_e \ ihoh^ ?keb [u \k_ ex^b [ueb \gbfZl_evgu ^jm] d ^jm]m lh klZeh
[u f_gvr_ aeZ gZ a_fe_ DZd [u y [ue kqZkleb\ _keb [u ijb_oZeZ fZfZ ?keb [u fhc ^jm] g_ ex[be `b\hlguo lh y g_ ih^Zjbe [u _fm ohfyqdZ ?keb [u m f_gy [ueZ kh[ZdZ lh y [u moZ`b\Ze aZ g_c ;ulv ² [m^v ² [m^v l_ _klv ² _rv ² _rv l_ [_`Zlv ² [_]b ² [_]b l_ \_alb ² \_ab ² \_ab l_
\hablv ² \hab ² \hab l_ j_aZlv ² j_`v ² j_`v l_ `Zjblv ² `Zjv ² `Zjv l_ fhqv ih\ g_ mihlj ohl_lv ih\ g_ mihlj \b^_lv ih\ g_ mihlj
ieZdZlv ² ieZqv ² ieZqv l_ rblv ² r_c ² r_c l_ ih\
K_c h\_k dh]^Z [_j_ah\uc ebkl klZg_l baty\ jZkimk ih\ dZlvky g n Yqf_gv k_c dh]^Z p\_l_l baty\ dZebgZ ih\
?\k_c ?\k_c fmdm ijhk_c baty\
: ijhk__rv fmdm ² ih\
Bki_db \ i_qb dZeZqb ih\
>Z f_qb gZ klhe ]hjyqb ih\
>h`^bd e_c e_c e_c GZ f_gy b gZ ex^_c GZ ex^_c ih eh`d_ GZ f_gy ih djhrd_ : gZ ;Z[m Y]m ² ih\
E_c ih p_ehfm \_^jm OjZgb h]hgv jh^gh]h hqZ]Z B g_ ihaZjvky gZ dhklju qm`b_ ² LZdbf aZdhghf gZrb ij_^db `beb B aZ\_sZeb gZf q_j_a \_dZ OjZgb h]hgv jh^gh]h hqZ]Z H NhdbgZ
>Z\Zc G_ gZ^h fmqblvky AZihfgb wlh gZ\k_]^Z < k_[y ih\_jblv \Z`gh Ihijh[mc B ihemqblky G_ khfg_\Zcky gbdh]^Z : _keb g_ ihemqblky
G_ [hcky [ulv hl\Z`guf
Ihijh[m_rv hiylv = Hkl_j
K^_eZc l_ fZd_l iZjdZ Imklv k^_eZxl wlh mijZ`g_gb_ >Z\Zc l_ k^_eZ_f af_y \f_kl_
>_\hqdb ihklZjZcl_kv g_ hiha^Zlv Imklv hg ihklZjZ_lky kde_blv \Zam >Z\Zc l_ ihklZjZ_fky g_ kkhjblky
Ihfh]b l_ fg_ ih`ZemcklZ ih^gylvky Imklv _fm ihfh]ml klZjrb_ >Z\Zc l_ ihfh`_f [jZlvyf gZrbf f_gvrbf Fh]e Z ² qlh ^_eZeZ" G n ² fhqv g_kh\ \b^ bat y\ gZde ijhr \j _^ q ` j Ijb\_a ² qlh k^_eZe" G n ² ijb\_alb kh\ \b^ bat y\ gZde ijhr \j _^ q f j Ijhre h ² qlh k^_eZeh" G n ² ijhclb kh\ \b^ bat y\ gZde ijhr \j _^ q kj j Ijb\_a _l ² qlh k^_eZ_l" G n ² ijb\_alb kh\ \b^ bat y\ gZde [m^ \j e _^ q K[_j_] m ² qlh k^_eZx" G n ² k[_j_qv kh\ \b^ bat y\ gZde [m^ \j e _^ q Kljh brv ky ² qlh ^_eZ_rv" G n ² kljhblvky g_kh\ \b^ baty\ gZde gZkl \j e _^ q Kljb` _l ky ² qlh ^_eZ_l" G n ² kljbqvky g_kh\ \b^ bat y\ gZde gZkl \j e _^ q ;_`Z lv ² qlh ^_eZlv" G n g_kh\ \b^ Ihim]Zc \ur_e ijhr gZ iheygdm b m\b^_e ijhr
fZjlurdm FZjlurdZ dZjZ[dZeZkv ijhr gZ \ukhdmx nbgbdh \mx iZevfm HgZ ^he_aZeZ ijhr ^h k_j_^bgu kl\heZ b hq_gv [ukljh kt_a`ZeZ ijhr \gba ² DZlZ_rvky" gZkl ² kijhkbe ijhr ihim]Zc fZjlur dm ² E_am gZkl ² hl\_lbeZ ijhr fZjlurdZ
² ?keb lu e_a_rv gZkl ihq_fm `_ lu dZlZ_rvky gZkl " ² ihbgl_j_kh\Zeky ijhr ihim]Zc ² KZfZ g_ ihgbfZx gZkl ² m^b\beZkv ijhr fZjlurdZ ² Fg_ ohq_lky gZkl nbgbdh\ b y e_am gZkl \\_jo : ihemqZ _lky gZkl ² \````bd ² \gba ² LZd²lZd ² aZ^mfZeky ijhr ihim]Zc ² : gm ihdZ`b ih\ fmkdmeu FZjlurdZ kh]gmeZ ijhr k\hb lhg_gvdb_ jmqdb b ihdZaZeZ ijhr k\hb smie_gvdb_ fmkdmeu ² <k_ ykgh ² ijhbag_k ijhr ihim]Zc ² Fmkdmeu gbdm ^Z g_ ]h^ylky gZkl KeZ[u_ ² : m f_gy ² kdZaZeZ ijhr fZjlurdZ ² ^jm]bo g_l Lhevdh wlb ² Qm`b_ fmkdmeu l_[_ g_ ihfh]ml [m^ ² h[ty\be ijhr
ihim]Zc ² GZ^h mdj_ieylv g n k\hb Gm`gu kihjlb\gu_ mi jZ`g_gby AZjy^dZ = Hkl_j
DZlblvky ² dZlbe Z kv
@blv ² `be b iblv ² ibe b fulv ² fue b ieZlblv ² ieZlbe b
Ih^`Zlv ² ih^`Ze Z ih[_`Zlv ² ih[_`Ze Z
hdZaZlvky ² hdZaZe Z kv JZa ^\Z ljb q_luj_ `beb furdb gZ d\Zjlbj_ qZc ibeb qZrdb fueb ih ljb ^_g_`db ieZlbeb
G n g_klb \_alb ljyklb i_qv `_qv fhqv b^lb
F j g_k \_a ljyk i_d `_] fh] r_e
@ j g_keZ \_aeZ ljykeZ i_deZ `]eZ fh]eZ reZ
mf_j_lv mf_j mf_jeZ aZi_j_lv aZi_j aZi_jeZ ]j_klb ]j_[ ]j_[eZ kdj_klb kdj_[ kdj_[eZ jZklb jhk jhkeZ <ujh\gylv ² \ujh\gyeZ \uieulv ² \uieueZ g_gZ\b ^_lv ² g_gZ\b^_eZ gZ^_ylvky ² gZ^_yeZkv aZ\bk_lv ² aZ\bk_ eZ \ue_l_lv ² \ue_l_eZ f_jblv ² f_jbeZ de_blv ² de_beZ � � � � IhdjZkg_e ihiheg_e ihom^_e ih[e_^g_e Khogme ² kho khoeZ khoeh khoeb ijhfhdgmlv ² ijh fhd ijhfhdeZ ijhfhdeh ijhfhdeb aZf_jagmlv ² aZf_ja aZ f_jaeZ aZf_jaeh aZf_jaeb bkq_agmlv ² bkq_a bkq_aeZ bkq_aeh bkq_aeb ]Zkgmlv ² ]Zk ]ZkeZ ]Zkeh ]Zkeb kibogmlv ² kibogme kibogmeZ kibogmeh kibogmeb hdj_igmlv ² hdj_i hdj_ieZ hd j_ieh hdj_ieb kfhedgmlv ² kfhed kfhedeZ kfhedeh kfhedeb \hkdj_kgmlv ² \hkdj_k \hkdj_keZ \hkdj_keh \hkdj_keb ^hk lb]gmlv ² ^hklb] ^hklb]eZ ^hklb]eh ^hklb]eb \hagbdgmlv ² \hagbd \hagbdeZ \hagbdeh \hagbdeb <h_l k\bklbl K gh] \k_o k[b\Z_l <_ldb ehfZ_l Keurbrv _]h Iuev ih^gbfZ_l >Z g_ \b^brv _]h M gZr_c :gxldb F_gy j_`ml ² ljml A\_jv \ ZleZkghc rm[d_ Dhehlyl ² [vxl <hae_ i_qb ]j__lky : y \k_ l_jiex ² ;_a \h^bqdb fh_lky Ex^yf ^h[jhf ieZqm ;_j_qv ² [_j_]m [_j_`_rv g_kh\ \b^ [jua]Zlv ² [jua]Zx [jua]Z_rv g_kh\ \b^ \ua^hjh\_lv ² \ua^hjh\_x \ua^hjh\__rv kh\ \b^ _a^blv ² _a`m _a^brv g_kh\ \b^ a\hgblv ² a\hgx a\hgbrv g_kh\ \b^ gZ]b[Zlv ² gZ]b[Zx gZ]b[Z_rv g_kh\ \b^ [_`Zlv ² [_]m [_`brv g_kh\ \b^ ohl_lv ² ohqm ohq_rv g_kh\ \b^ ieZlblv ² ieZqm ieZ lbrv g_kh\ \b^ ih^gbfZlv ² ih^gbfZx ih^gbfZ_rv g_ kh\ \b^ iheh`blv ² iheh`m iheh`brv kh\ \b^ ih[_^blv ² ih[_^brv kh\ \b^ h[e_]qblv ² h[e_]qm h[e_]qbrv kh\ \b^
Khh[sbl gh\hklv m\_^hfbl h[ hlt_a^_ o\Zebl mq_gbdZ \hkobsZ_lky \uklmie_gb_f h[\bgy_l \h e`b hkm`^Z_l aZ ij_^Z l_evkl\h ihcf_l aZ^Zqm \gbdg_l \ ijh[e_fm ^h^mfZ_lky ^h j_ r_gby ohq_l fhjh`_gh]h klj_fblky d ih[_^_ ^h[b\Z_lky p_eb Khegp_ \hkoh^bl aZoh^bl iZebl k\_lbl ]j__l hk\_sZ _l EmgZ ihy\ey_lky `_el__l hk\_sZ_l IeZfy iheuoZ_l dheu r_lky k\_lbl RZ]Zxl khe^Zlu [h^juf fZjr_f KlZjbd f_^e_ggh [j_^_l Kg_] iZ^Z_l p_euc ^_gv >h`^v ev_l p_euc ^_gv Y [m^m jbkdh\Zlv ?c hq_gv d ebpm wlh ieZlv_ < wlhf ]h ^m :e_rZ [m^_l mqblvky \ bgklblml_ RZ]Z rv Zlv _rv ex[l_ blv bl_ gZih fbgZl Zlv _l ^_j` f Zlv bkde bf \uau\Zrv Zlv _rv l_jirv _lv bkde brv Dj_idmx ^jm`[m b lhihjhf g_ jZajm[brv gZ blv KkhjZ ^h ^h[jZ g_ ^h\h^bl gZ blv B kbeZ mfm mklmiZ_l gZ Zlv FmjZ\_c g_\_ebd Z ]hju dhiZ_l gZ Zlv Qlh ihk__rv gZ ylv lh b ih`g_rv gZ Zlv Fhjha e_gb\h]h aZ ghk o\ZlZ_l gZ Zlv i_j_^ ijh \hjguf rZidm kgbfZ_l gZ Zlv B \ ihe^_gv em`b ih^ hdghf LZd jZaeb\Z xl ky b [e_s ml Qlh yjdbf kheg_qguf iylghf Ih aZem ŠaZcqbdbª lj_i_s ml F_` djm]euo juoeuo h[eZdh\ G_\bggh g_[h ]hem[_ _l B khegp_ eZkdh\h_ ]j_ _l < aZlbrv_ ]mf_g b ^\hjh\ <_kgZ \_kgZ B \kz _c jZ^h DZd \ aZ[ulvb dZdhf klhbrv B keur brv k\_`bc aZiZo kZ^Z B l_ieuc aZiZo lZeuo djur B ;mgbg
b
<Zf oheh^gh g_fgh`dh \u aZdju\Z_l_ ebph \hjhlgb gZkl \j
dhf rbg_eb \Zf ^j_fe_lky B Lmj]_g_\ IeZq_l ]^_ lh b\he gZkl \j
]Z kohjhgykv \ ^mieh lhevdh fg_ g_ ieZq_lky ² gZ ^mr_ k\_leh gZkl \j
K ?k_gbg <hl \_q_j__l khegp_ \ lmqdm k_eh B ;mgbg
ijhr \j
<hl kf_jdehkv ;ueb \k_ ]hlh\u aZmljZ [hc aZl_ylv gh\uc b ^h
dhgpZ klhylv F E_jfhglh\ K\h^ g_[_kguc l_f_g \ ihe gZkl \j
gZkl \j
ghqv dZd \ ghqb g_ kb^blky \ oZl_ l_kghc g_ e_`blky gZ i_qb G G_djZkh\
JZkk\_lZ_l ?]h agh[bl Kbevgh ihoheh^Zeh ?z ebohjZ^bl <_kv ^_gv \vx`bl Ba aZ kljZrghc ]jhau bf g_ kiZehkv Fh_c kh[Zd_ ijb \b^_ dhklhqdb g_ kb^blky gZ f_kl_ GZ ^he]hf k\h_f imlb k\_jom \gba jmq_c fgh]h \b^bl g_kh\ \b^ baty\ gZde ² \_^v \ g_f \k_ hljZ`Z_lky g_kh\ \b^ baty\ gZde Fgh]h_ magZ_l g_kh\ \b^ baty\ gZde ² fgh]h \k_]h \ g_]h ihiZ^Z_l g_kh\ \b^ baty\ gZde B \h \k_o ]hjguo kh[ulbyo jmq_c ijbgbfZ_l g_kh\ \b^ baty\ gZde kZfh_ [mjgh_ mqZklb_ jZklhiey_l g_kh\ \b^ baty\ gZde kg_]Z rebnm_l g_ kh\ \b^ baty\ gZde kdZeu i_j_dZlu\Z_l g_kh\ \b^ bat y\ gZde dZfgb jmrbl g_kh\ \b^ baty\ gZde ^_j_\vy \hjhqZ _l g_kh\ \b^ baty\ gZde [j_\gZ =hjguc jmq_c [heleb\ Ky^v kh\ \b^ ih\ gZde gZ _]h [_j_ ]m b hg jZa[helZ_l kh\ \b^ baty\ gZde \k_ qlh \b^_e g_ kh\ \b^ baty\ gZde b keurZe g_kh\ \b^ baty\ gZde \ukhdh \ ]hjZo Hq_gv m^h[gh Ih < ;_eh\m
I_j_dZlu\Z_l jmq_c qlh ^_eZ_l" ² i_j_dZlu\Z_l I_j_dZlu\Z_l ² ]eZ]he h[hagZqZ_l ^_ckl\b_ G n ² i_j_dZlu\Zlv G_\ha\j g_kh\ \ kij
Mihlj_[e_g \ nhjf_ baty\bl gZde gZkl \j _^ q ]h e < ij_^eh`_gbb y\ey_lky ijhkluf kdZam_fuf JZa[helZ_l hg qlh k^_eZ_l" ² jZa[helZ_l JZa[helZ_l ² ]eZ]he h[hagZqZ_l ^_ckl\b_ G n ² jZa[helZlv G_\ha\j kh\ \b^ kij Mihlj_[e_g \ nhjf_ baty\ gZde [m^ \j _^ q ]h e < ij_^eh`_gbb y\ey_lky ijhkluf kdZam_fuf <b^_e hg qlh ^_eZe" ² \b^_e <b^_e ² ]eZ]he h[hagZqZ_l ^_ckl\b_ G n ² \b^_lv G_\ha\j g_kh\ \b^ kij Mihlj_[e_g \ nhjf_ baty\ gZde ijhr \j _^ q f j < ij_^eh`_gbb y\ey_lky ijhkluf kdZam_fuf MreZ ijhr kh\ bafhjbeZkv ijhr kh\ \dhg_p ih \_j`_ggZy Zij_e_f abfZ <hl \ lj_\h`ghc l_f_gb jh^behkv ijhr kh\ b ^\bgmehkv ijhr kh\ lm]h_ iehlgh_ l_ieh >jh]gmeb ijhr kh\ ]hlh\u_ jZkimklblvky kh\ ^_j_\Z G_ yjdZy \_rgyy fhegby kb]ZgmeZ ijhr kh\ \ e_kgmx l_iemx f]em b i_j\uc lj_kdmqbc ]jhf qbklh b kf_eh ijhdZlbeky ijhr kh\ gZ^ fbjhf >h`^v ijhrbi_e ijhr kh\ \ ghqb h[bevgh b dhjhldh Mljhf klhe[u bkiZj_gbc ih^gbfZxlky gZkl g_kh\ \ e_k guo ijh]ZebgZo keh\gh ^h[ju_ ijbajZdb Khegp_ \uoh^bl gZkl g_kh\ hq_gv [ukljh Ilbpu ihxl gZkl g_kh\ \aZo e_[ a_fey ijh^he`Z_l gZkl g_kh\ khi_lv g_kh\ b ihibkdb \Zlv g_kh\ \k_ ihfbgmlgh f_gy_l gZkl g_kh\ k\hc h[jZa <_a^_ \ fbj_ `bagv b k\h[h^Z >Z g_ [m^_l [m^ g_kh\ dhgpZ k\h[h^_ b jZ^hklb Ih < ;_eh\m
Jh^behkv l_ieh qlh k^_eZeh" ² jh^behkv jh^behkv ² ]eZ]he h[hagZqZ_l ^_ckl\b_
G n ² jh^blvky <ha\j kh\ \b^ kij Mihlj_[e_g \ nhjf_ baty\ gZde ijhr \j _^ q kj j < ij_^eh`_gbb y\ey_lky ijhkluf kdZam_fuf Ih^gbfZxlky klhe[u qlh ^_eZxl" ² ih^gbfZxlky Ih^gbfZxlky ² ]eZ]he h[hagZqZ_l ^_ckl\b_ G n ² ih^gbfZlvky <ha\j g_kh\ \b^ kij Mihlj_[e_g \ nhjf_ baty\ gZde gZkl \j fg q ]h e < ij_^eh`_gbb y\ey_lky ijhkluf kdZam_fuf kms
kms
kms
kms
DZiey dZf_gv ^he[bl Ba i_kgb keh\Z g_ \udbg_rv kms
kms
kms
Ih h^_`d_ \klj_qZxl ih mfm ijh\h`Zxl >jmavy ihagZxl kms
kms
kms
kms
ky \ [_^_ Dgb]Z \ kqZklv_ mdjZrZ_l Z \ g_kqZklv_ ml_rZ_l kms
kms
kms
kms
kms
:a[mdZ ² d fm^jhklb klmi_gvdZ DjZldhklv ² k_kljZ lZ kms
kms
kms
kms
eZglZ IjZ\^Z \ \h^_ g_ lhg_l \ h]g_ g_ ]hjbl Â? Â? Â? Â? ;_euc L_fguc @Zedh Oh^bl Bfy kms_kl\bl_evgh_ =eZ]he [_ebag Z [_ebe Z aZyp [_eyd
[_e_ _l ih[_e_e Z aZ[_ebe b
ihoh`^_gb y oh^v[ Z oh^hd b
ih`Ze_e b oh^b lv aZoh^be b
l_fghl Z aZl_fg_gb _ kh`Ze_gb _ oh^me b
l_fg_ _l ihl_fg_e h `Ze_ lv
Dhf_lZ ieZg_lZ aZlf_gb_ ² dhkfbq_kdb_ l_eZ b y\e_ gby Hd_Zg jh^gbd jZ\gbgZ \h^hiZ^ ij_^]hjv_ j_dZ ^hjh]Z ² a_fey b __ g_^jZ Ir_gbpZ ² jZkl_gb_ F_^\_^v \hjhgZ af_y ² `b\hlgu_ MjZ]Zg fhjha jZkk\_l \_l_j bg_c f_l_ev kf_jq ² y\e_gby ijbjh^u @_e_ah ahehlh fhehdh f_lZee ² \_s_kl\Z IjZa^gbd dZgbdmeu hebfibZ^Z ² nZdlu kh[ulby Kf_ehklv q_jgbe Z q_jghl Z kbg_\ Z kbgv lhedhlg y [_]hlg y [_]kl\ h ijh[_`d Z j_r_gb _ j_rbfhklv Z =heh\Z reyiZ jmdZ [ Db\hd ih^gylb_ \afZo jmdhih`Zlb_ ihdehg
>j_\gbc h[jy^ jmdhih`Zlby ihdZau\Ze iZjlg_jm qlh d g_fm h[jZsZ_lky q_eh\_d [_a hjm`by \ jmd_ \ ijZ\hc gZb[he__ ŠjZ [hq_cª b kbevghc jmd_ Q_j_^h\Z lv ² q_j_^h\Zgb_ kdehg ylv ² kdehg_gb_ kijy] Zlv ² kijy`_gb_ gZdZaZ lv ² gZdZaZgb_ l_ji _lv ² l_ji_gb_ kljb` _l ² kljb`dZ
iju] Zlv ² iju`hd hk\_s Zlv ² hk\_s_gb_ ijhk blv ² ijhkv[Z
Kbg bc _\ ² kbg_\Z k_j uc hklv ² k_jhklv
^_r_\ uc bag ² ^_r_\bagZ
ke_i hc hl ² ke_ihlZ _gb _ baf_g_gb_ jZg_gb_ aZlf_gb_ hl Z djZkghlZ ^h[jhlZ djZkhlZ hklv [h^jhklv jZ^hklv kijZ\_^eb\hklv hd lheqhd iju`hd kdZqhd bag Z gh\bagZ [_ebagZ ^_r_\bagZ >_jahklv jh[hklv s_^jhklv dh\Zjkl\h qbklhlZ `_e lbagZ Jbkh\Zgb_ khq_lZgb_ lhedh\Zgb_ ojZg_gb_ ihk_s_gb_ [_]hlgy dhkv[Z j_av[Z
Ba[mrd Z gh\bag Z ojZ[jhklv O\Zklmg [helmg e]mg AgZcdZ djhrdZ fZeurdZ JZa^_\ZedZ q_jiZedZ ju[ZedZ =mfZgbaf fh^_jgbaf j_Zebaf Z\Zg]Zj^baf BgkljmdlZ` ibehlZ` ^m[ey` D\ZebnbdZpby w\ZdmZpby hi_jZpby =mfZgbaf ² q_eh\_qghklv \ h[s_kl\_gghc ^_yl_evgh klb \ hlghr_gbb d ex^yf Ij_ih^Z\Zl_ev kljhbl_ev mqbl_ev ;Zygbkl rZofZlbkl k\yabkl EbkhgvdZ [_j_ahgvdZ ]heh\hgvdZ
Klhe[bd ]\ha^bd dhe_kbdh :e_gmrdZ ]heh\mrdZ e_[_^mrdZ JmqbsZ lhihjbs_ [hjh^bsZ kdmqbsZ ^hfbs_ ghkbs_ H[t_a^qbd ² h[t_a^blv aZdZaqbd ² aZdZaZlv i_j_ibk qbd ² i_j_ibku\Zlv jZkkdZaqbd ² jZkkdZau\Zlv kfZaqbd ² kfZau\Zlv >hdeZ^qbd ² ^hdeZ^u\Zlv ijhoh^qbd ² ijhoh^blv ]Zah ijh\h^qbd ² ijh\h^blv H[oh^qbd h[t_a^qbd h[b^qbd aZdZaqbd ]jmaqbd n_o lh\Zevsbd abfh\sbd gZ[hjsbd Fhjh`_gsbd \j_f_gsbd kf_gsbd hp_gsbd d_jhkbg sbd [_lhgsbd Dhjb^hjqbdZ ² dhjb^hjqbd dbjibqbdZ ² dbjibqbd f_rhqdZ ² f_rhq_d ]hjhrdZ ² ]hjhr_d aZcqbdZ ² aZcqbd ihjh`dZ ² ihjh`_d [ZjZ[ZgsbdZ ² [ZjZ[Zgsbd jZ[hlgbdZ ² jZ[hlgbd dZjZg^ZrbdZ ² dZjZg^Zrbd kmqhqdZ ² kmqhq_d p\_ lhqdZ ² p\_lhq_d wdbiZ`bdZ ² wdbiZ`bd ^h`^bdZ ² ^h`^bd Fhehlhq_d jZkkdZabd Zj[mabd \gmq_d ebklhq_d qb`bd
dhaebd ]hehkhq_d ZefZabd ]\ha^bd dZf_r_d [ZjZr_d ^jm`h
q_d ysbq_d dhfhq_d hkebd p\_lhq_d G_gZklv_ ² g_gZklguc g_kqZklv_ ² g_kqZklguc G_ bfy djZkbl q_eh\_dZ Z q_eh\_d bfy Ihkeh\bpZ
Y gZ a_fe_ g_ ijZa^gbd `bagb ijZ\ex Z kdjhfgh_ ih^\b`gb q_kl\h ^gy b ihlhfm g_ [e_kd a\_a^u hklZ\ex Z lhevdh hlk\_l lboh]h h]gy ? ;eZ]bgbgZ
B \hegu b kmrZ ihdhjgu l_[_ aZ\b^m_l g_^jm] klhev ^b\ ghc km^v[_ : Imrdbg Rmfb \a\hegmcky g_ih]h^hc hg [ue h fhj_ l\hc i_\_p : Imrdbg Fg_ \ `bagb [hevr_c jZ^hklb g_ ^h\h^behkv agZlv q_f ^jZlvky k jZaghc ijZa^ghklvx k g_ijZ\^hc \h_\Zlv B Dh[a_\ <gh\v gZklmibeh g_gZklv_ h_ ij_^eh`_gb_ k h[jZs_gb_f h fhj_ Rmfbl [mglm_l g_ih]h^Z ² G_ ih]h^Z \hegh\ZeZ gZk Z hlkmlkl\b_ gm`gh]h kgZjy`_gby
Ohjhr_fm mk\h_gbx mq_[gh]h fZl_jbZeZ f_rZ_l g_\gbfZgb_ gZ mjhd_ ² G_ \gbfZgb_ Z mkb^qb\hklv b ohjhrmx ^bkpbiebgm p_gyl g_dhlhju_ e_dlhju IhiZeZ ilbqdZ \ g_\hex ² G_ \hey ihfh`_l _fm Z kbeZ jZ amfZ G_ZddmjZlghklv f_rZ_l klZlv ohjhr_c ohaycdhc ² G_ Zd dmjZlghklv \hegm_l f_gy Z ihgbfZgb_ b ijZ\bevghklv \uiheg_ gby aZ^Zgby Lu \k_]^Z ]h\hjbrv fg_ g_ijZ\^m ² < l\h_f jZkkdZa_ \k_ g_ ijZ\^Z Z eh`v GZ ke_^mxs_f i_j_\Ze_ fu klhedgmebkv k g_ijbyl_e_f ² <Zgy fg_ g_ ijbyl_ev Z gZklhysbc ^jm] >_lb fhf_glZevgh qm\kl\mxl g_kijZ\_^eb\hklv ² G_ kijZ \_^eb\hklv gm`gZ _c Z evklb\u_ h[_sZgby KlZlv g_\b^bfdhc gZ i_j\hc g_^_e_ [ulv g_^hl_ihc fZe_gvdZy g_`_gdZ g_ h[sZlvky k g_\_`_c k[_`Zeb hl g_jyob jZkkdZau\Zlv g_[uebpu k ihklhygghc g_[j_`ghklvx G_kqZklvx \_jgZy k_kljZ gZ^_`^Z \ fjZqghf ih^a_ f_ev_ jZa[m^bl [h^jhklv b \_k_ev_ : Imrdbg Lh]^Z ^m rhc [_ki_qgu_ g_\_`^u fu `beb \k_ b e_]q_ b kf_e_c : Imrdbg H djZc ^h`^_c b g_ih]h^u dhqmxsZy lbrbgZ K ?k_gbg Lh g_ \_l_j \_ldm dehgbl g_ ^m[jZ\mrdZ rmfbl I_kgy
MdjZbg_p hk_lbg \he`Zgbg k_\_jygbg iZjb`Zgbg \he]h]jZ^_p \ylbq dhkljhfbq fhkd\bq gh\]hjh^_p i_l_j [mj`_p I_qgbd lhj]h\_p ]jmaqbd k\Zjsbd e_kgbd [_ lhgsbd abfh\sbd \h^bl_ev ieh\_p F_^\_`hghd \heqh ghd [_evqhghd d_g]mj_ghd kh[ZqhgdZ AbfZ ih_l ZmdZ_l [ZxdZ_l <vx]Z klmqbl aeblky >hjh]Z ^j_fe_l _c ijbf_qlZehkv ;_j_adb meu[gmebkv jZklj_iZeb dhku k_j_`db r_e_ klyl jhku ]hjyl DjZib\Z h[jy^beZkv r_iq_l
H[jy^beZkv djZib\Z qlh k^_eZeZ" ² h[jy^beZkv H[jy^beZkv ² ]eZ]he h[hagZqZ_l ^_ckl\b_ G n ² h[jy^blvky <ha\j kh\ \b^ kij Mihlj_[e_g \ nhjf_ baty\ gZde ijhr \j _^ q ` j < ij_^eh`_gbb y\ey_lky ijhkluf kdZam_fuf R_iq_l djZib\Z qlh ^_eZ_l" ² r_iq_l R_iq_l ² ]eZ]he h[hagZqZ_l ^_ckl\b_ G n ² r_ilZlv G_\ha\j g_kh\ \b^ kij Mihlj_[e_g \ nhjf_ baty\ gZde gZkl \j _^ q ]h e < ij_^eh`_gbb y\ey_lky ijhkluf kdZam_fuf Ko_fu
Z [ b Fhkd\Z Q_jgh_ fhj_ ?\jhiZ ;ZcdZe Wev[jmk F B =ebgdZ B K Lmj]_g_\ B J_ibg > B F_g^_e_ _\ D W Pbhedh\kdbc Dmebdh\kdZy [bl\Z E_^h\h_ ih[hbs_ <_ebdZy Hl_q_ kl\_ggZy \hcgZ Klhe_lgyy \hcgZ <_ebdh_ i_j_k_e_gb_ Š<hcgZ b fbjª ŠKh\j_f_ggbdª ŠGh\uc fbjª Š: ah jb a^_kv lbob_ª Š?\]_gbc Hg_]bgª ;_euc e_[_^v k_jZy furv \dmkguc dZjlhn_ev kjhqgZy [Zg^_jhev [hevgZy fhahev djZkb\uc lxev \dmkgZy nZkhev q_j guc jhyev ZjhfZlguc rZfimgv k\_`bc h\hs : ŠI I ª <uijhkbe lu qlh k^_eZe" ² \uijhkbe <uijhkbe ² ]eZ]he h[hagZqZ_l ^_ckl\b_ G n ² \uijhkblv G_\ha\j kh\ \b^ kij Mihlj_[e_g \ nhjf_ baty\ gZde ijhr \j _^ q f j
< ij_^eh`_gbb y\ey_lky ijhkluf kdZam_fuf Ihe_a Wlhl qlh k^_eZe" ² ihe_a Ihe_a ² ]eZ]he h[hagZqZ _l ^_ckl\b_ G n ² ihe_alv G_\ha\j kh\ \b^ kij Mihlj_[e_g \ nhjf_ baty\ gZde ijhr \j _^ q f j < ij_^eh`_gbb y\ey_lky ijhkluf kdZam_fuf ;jxa]Z j_\Z jZklj_iZ ljZg`bjZ aZ^bjZ fyfey K_kljZ DZlb ² j_\Z H^ghdeZkkgbd <blb ² aZ^bjZ Fm`_kl\_gguc ]_heh] \_jgmeky ba wdki_^bpbb k fbg_jZ eZfb Fm`_kl\_gguc ]_heh] \_jgmeZkv ba wdki_^bpbb k fbg_jZeZfb Fhc iZjbdfZo_j k^_eZe fg_ mdeZ^dm Fhc iZjbdfZo_j k^_eZeZ fg_ mdeZ^dm Kheg_qguc Kmomfb l_ieuc ;Zdm bgl_j_kgh_ bgl_j\vx kbevguc d_g]mjm hl^_evgh_ dmi_ [ukljZy :jZ]\b gh\h_ ibZgb gh ]hkl_ijbbfguc Hkeh jZaghh[jZagh_ f_gx djZkb\Zy Ygpau l_ieZy AZf[_ab fgh]h\h^gZy Fbkkbkbib Hqdb \h``b gh`gbpu sbipu [jxdb \hjhlZ Dm^jb [mku ^`mg]eb ljhibdb ijhibkb >mob dhgk_j\u fZdZjhgu keb\db q_jgbeZ ^jh``b <u[hju `fmjdb i_j_]h\hju rZofZlu kZedb gZj^u DZgbdmeu kmldb [m^gb k[hju :nbgu ;_jfm^u Dmjbeu :g^u DZjiZlu Ohefh]hju Fm^jhklv djZkhlZ \hkobs_gb_ ]em[bgZ ^h[jhlZ jZ ^hklv rbjbgZ Dj_klvygkl\h ^_l\hjZ q_eh\_q_kl\h fheh^_`v klm^_gq_kl\h I_khd djmiZ `bj g_nlv fhehdh [_lhg kde kde bg\_glZjv fZ]bkljZev dZ[_ev [Zg^_jhev jhyev habfv dh\uev iheugv
ehkhkv eZamjv iZgpbjv fhahev lxev \mZev dbl_ev wfZev neb]_ev fhl_ev rl_fi_ev yglZjv phdhev o o o HklZgh\blvky gZ fZ]bkljZeb b]jZlv gZ jhye_ aZ[hlblvky h[ habfb kde kde kde kde kheh\_c kheh\mrdZ furv furdZ o\Zklmg o\ZklmgbrdZ aZyp aZcqbrdZ khk_^ khk_^mrdZ kd\hj_p kd\hjmrdZ B\Zg B\ZgmrdZ [jZl [jZlbrdZ fZevqbd fZevqbrdZ FbeZ \ ]hj_kl b kde g_ \ jZ^hklv gZ qm`[bg _ kde I i \yg_l gZ klhebd _ kde \ klZdZg _ kde aZgbfZ_l \ dmevlmj _ b gZmd _ kde I i km^yl h q_eh\_d _ kde nZkZ^ ]Ze_j_ b kde J i Jh^gZy a_fey b \ ]hj_klb fbeZ NZkZ^ a^Zgby \k_fb ex[bfhc Lj_lvydh\kdhc ]Ze_j_b kha ^Z\Zeky ih wkdbaZf \_ebdh]h jmkkdh]h om^h`gbdZ <bdlhjZ Fb oZceh\bqZ <Zkg_ph\Z < ]hj_klb fbeZ \ q_f" ² \ ]hj_klb < ]hj_klb ² bfy kms h[hagZqZ_l ij_^f_l G n ² ]hj_klv GZjbp g_h^mr ` j kde Mihlj_[e_gh \ nhjf_ _^ q I i < ij_^eh`_gbb y\ey_lky h[klhyl_evkl\hf
GZ qm`[bg_ g_ \ jZ^hklb gZ q_f" ² gZ qm`[bg_ GZ qm`[bg_ ² bfy kms h[hagZqZ_l ij_^f_l G n ² qm`[bgZ GZjbp g_h^mr ` j kde Mihlj_[e_gh \ nhjf_ _^ q I i < ij_^eh`_gbb y\ey_lky h[klhyl_evkl\hf Ih wkdbaZf kha^Z\Zeky ih q_fm" ² ih wkdbaZf Ih wkdbaZf ² bfy kms h[hagZqZ_l ij_^f_l G n ² wkdba GZjbp g_h^mr f j kde Mihlj_[e_gh \ nhjf_ _^ q > i < ij_^eh`_gbb y\ey_lky h[klhyl_evkl\hf Bah[jZ`_gh gZ agZf_g b kb^bl gZ \_ld _ q_j_fmob ]h \hjbl h j_rbl_evghkl b d ]hj_q b kh[jZ\rboky agZlv ih bklh jb b b]jZlv gZ em`Zcd _ h[jZlblvky d fheh^_` b m\b^_lv \ ieZf_g b klj_fblvky d k\h[h^ _
<eZ^bfbj DeZ\^b_\bq :jk_gv_\ ² agZf_gbluc jmkkdbc bkke_^h\Zl_ev >Zevg_]h <hklhdZ Hg jh^beky \ I_l_j[mj] _ K ^_lkl\Z hg f_qlZe h iml_r_kl\b b gh _fm kgZqZeZ ijb rehkv kem`blv \ I_l_j[mj]kdhf i_ohlghf mqbebs _ D kqZklvx h^bg ba ij_ih^Z\Zl_e_c [ue ba\_klguf bkke_^h \Zl_e_f Kj_^g_c :ab b b kgZ[`Ze xgh]h :jk_gv_\Z dgb]Zfb ih ]_h]jZnb b Kb[bj b b ^jm]bo l_jjblhjbc jZkkdZau\Ze h k\h_f iml_r_kl\b b ih >Zevg_fm <hklhdm Bf_ggh bamq_gbx Ijbfhjvy b Mkkmjbckdhc lZc]b hl^Ze e_l k\h_c `bag b < D :jk_gv_\ hg k^_eZe hldjulby \ h[eZkl b ]_h ]jZnb b [hlZgbd b ahheh]b b bolbheh]b b wlgh]jZnb b AgZf_gbl < D :jk_gv_\ b dZd ibkZl_ev ?]h dgb] b ŠIh Mkkm jbckdhfm djZxª Š>_jkm MaZeZª ijhgbdgmlu ex[h\vx d ijbjh ^ _ >Zevg_]h <hklhdZ d `bagb lZc] b d fm`_kl\_gguf ex^yf KlZev aZdZey_lky ]^_" \ h]g_ Z q_eh\_d ² \ ljm^_ ;_a ^_eZ `blv ² lhevdh g_[h dhilblv >jmavy ihagZxlky
dh]^Z" \ [_^_ IjZ\^Z ih \k_fm fbjm oh^bl >Zevr_ dm ^Z" \ e_k ² [hevr_ ^jh\ B ^mjZd ijZa^gbdb agZ_l ^Z [m^g_c g_ ihfgbl ^Z <ae_l ihe_l iZj_gb_ ibdbjh\Zgb_ fZg_\ju \ \ha^mo_ ihkZ^dZ Bklbggh \ha^mrgh_ `b\hlgh_ ² kljb` Kljb` ² _^bgkl \_ggZy ilbpZ dhlhjmx g_ ihcfZ_l ^Z`_ khdhe D imklhfm f_klm gZ ij_djZkgmx g_\_klm ]hjZ djmlZy kljZgZ imklZy l_fguc \oh^ Ih[_`Ze ² f j _^ q ih^gyeZkv ² ` j _^ q AbfZ ijbreZ exlm_l dhe^m_l \vx`bl klm^bl fhjhabl <_kgZ ih_l ijh[m`^Z_l \^hogh\ey_l jZ^m_l haZjy_l G_[h kbg__l \bkbl l_fg__l k\_le__l ofmjblky Jmq__d [_`bl `mjqbl l_q_l a\_gbl ijh[b\Z_lky Khegp_ k\_lbl kby_l ]j__l hk\_sZ_l \hkoh^bl kZ^blky Kmjh\Zy \vx`gZy [_ehkg_`gZy abfZ JZggyy ^jm`gZy \_kgZ Qbklh_ iZkfmjgh_ g_[h IjhajZqguc \_k_euc jmq__d @Zjdh_ yjdh_ hke_ibl_evgh_ eZkdh\h_ khegp_ � � Bf_gZ ijbeZ]Zl_evgu_ iylgbkluc iylgZ
Â? Â? Â? ijh_a^ Â? Â? Â? g_gZ\bklguc g_gZ\bklv ijh_a^ghc oh^yqbc oh^bl Â? Â? Â? Â? ^_j_\_gkdbc ^_j_\gy kt_^h[guc kt_klv Â? Â? Â? Â? [_euc Bf_gZ kms_kl\bl_evgu_ k\_leyqhd k\_l [_ebagZ
Â? Â? Â? Â? Â? Â? kbg_\Z kbgbc ihdjZkg_gb_ djZkguc aZl_fg_gb_ l_fguc Â? Â? Â? Â? q_jguc aZ]jyagblv ]jyaguc ^_j =eZ]heu ihq_jg_eb Â? Â? Â? Â? Â? ablv ^_jahklv ih[_^beb ih[_^Z ih\ajhke_e NZjnhjh\Zy ihkm^Z khehf_ggZy djurZ ^_dZ[jvkdZy f_l_ev ih^a_fguc i_j_oh^ e_q_[gZy nbadmevlmjZ \_k_ggyy hl l_i_ev \q_jZrgyy ]Za_lZ ieZ\Zl_evguc [Zkk_cg ;_`_\Zy [emadZ ^mrbklZy ]\ha^bdZ [_j_`eb\uc ohaybg ^h[jhkh\_klguc q_eh\_d g_gZklgZy ih]h^Z ^jZ]hp_gguc f_ lZee xgZy ]bfgZkldZ \_ebdhe_igh_ aj_ebs_
;_j_`eb\uc ² wdhghfguc jZqbl_evguc >h[jhkh\_klguc ² q_klguc >_\hqdZ ² hlau\qb\Zy ^h[jh^mrgZy kdjhfgZy q_klgZy S_ghd ² ihkemrguc fbeuc eZkdh\uc Mq_gbd ² ^h[jhkh\_klguc klZjZl_evguc khh[jZabl_evguc F_lZee ² ijhqguc dj_idbc ^jZ]hp_gguc Ih]h^Z ² \_ebdhe_igZy l_ieZy ykgZy bamfbl_evgZy Nml[hebkl ² gZklhcqb\uc kbevguc yjdbc Zdlb\guc JZkkdZa ² aZgbfZl_evguc bgl_j_kguc aZo\Zlu\Zxsbc JZ[hqbc ² ljm^hex[b\uc d\Zebnbpbjh\Zgguc klZjZl_ev guc DjZkguc kly] \brg_\Zy rZev imjimjguc aZdZl ZeZy aZjy [hj^h\h_ iZevlh K\_leh dhjbqg_\uc dZjZg^Zr [_`_ \uc k\bl_j dZjb_ ]eZaZ dhn_cguc hll_ghd A_e_gZy ljZ\Z bamfjm^gh_ fhj_ [bjxah\uc rZjn fZeZoblh\uc ]Zeklmd y^h \blh a_e_gZy x[dZ GZ^ gZfb jZkdbgmehkv k\bgph\h_ g_[h GZ klhe_ klhyeZ \ZahqdZ k dhgn_lZfb [ZgdZ \brg_\h]h \Zj_ gvy Z ihk_j_^bg_ jhkdhrguc \ha^mrguc ibjh] < ;bf_ f_gy ihjZabeZ g_h[udgh\_ggZy kh[Zqvy ij_^Zgghklv Om^h`gbd bah[jZabe gZ dZjlbg_ eZamjgh_ g_[h [bjxah\h_ fhj_ b bamfjm^gmx a_e_gv <brg_\Zy dhklhqdZ ² \brg_\Zy rZev ahehlZy p_ihqdZ ² ahehlu_ jmdb `_e_agZy jm^Z ² `_e_agZy \hey dZf_ggu_ ieblu ² dZf_ggh_ k_j^p_ ebkbc o\hkl ² ebkvy j_qv ijbe
ijbe
A\_a^u ykgu_ a\_a^u ij_djZkgu_ ijbe GZr_ilZeb p\_lZf kdZadb qm^gu_ ijbe
E_i_kldb meu[gmebkv ZleZkgu_ ijbe
AZ^jh`Zeb ebklu bamfjm^gu_ D NhnZgh\
M dZ`^h]h ^_j_\Z k\hc \b^ KhkgZ kljhcgZy [_j_aZ dm^ jy\Zy b\Z jZa\_kbklZy >m[ fh]mqbc hkbgZ lj_i_lgZy ?ev \_eb qZ\Zy
Gh e_k ² wlh lukyqb ^_j_\v_\ B \klj_qZxlky \ e_km ^_j_\vy m^b\bl_evgu_ gZ k\hx jh^gx g_ihoh`b_ G KeZ^dh\
d
d
Ih h[uqZyf fm^j uf fg q > i ih h[uqZyf ^j_\g bf h
d
fg q > i kj_^b jmkkd bo fg q J i jZ\gbg gZ \ukhd bo h
d
d
fg q I i ohefZo gZ i_kqZg uo ijb\hevg uo jh^g uo fg q d
d
I i [_j_]Zo fh]mq b_ fg q < i igb s_^j mx _^ q ` j
< i a_fex P\_ldb ebiu beb ebih\ uc p\_l ² h^gh ba ihimeyj g uo gZrbo e_q_[g uo kj_^kl\ GZklhc ebih\ h]h p\_lZ ihfh]Z_l ijb jZaebqg uo ijhklm^g uo aZ[he_\Zgbyo dZd ohjhr __ ihlh ]hgg h_ kj_^kl\h Ivxl _]h ]hjyq bf gZklh_f ebih\ h]h p\_lZ ihehsml ]hjeh ijb Zg]bg_ P\_lZ dZd h]h " ebih\ h]h ijb aZ[he_\Zgbyo dZd bo " jZa ebqg uo ijhklm^g uo kj_^kl\h dZdh_" ohjhr __ ihlh]hgg h_ dZd bf " ]hjyq bf <_a^_ ohjhrh ]^_ lu _s_ g_ [ue Gh emqr_ \k_]h h^gZ klhjhgZ ² dZdbf"
=^_ iZog_l k\yluf jh^bl_evkd bf oe_[hf ih^ dZdbf"
=^_ ilbpu a\_gyl ih^ mlj_gg bf g_[hf h dZdbo"
dZdh]h"
H kbg bo p\_lZo a_e_g h]h evgZ dZdZy"
E HrZgbg
dZdbfb"
<_q_jgyy aZjy i_j_eb\ZeZkv hkh[_ggh yjdbfb djZkdZfb dZdhc" dZdZy" KgZqZeZ hgZ [ueZ [e_^gZy ihlhf klZeZ bamfjm^gh a_e_ghc b ih dZdhfm"
wlhfm a_e_ghfm nhgm dZd jZkoh^ysb_ky klhe[u ih^gyebkv ba aZ dZdbo"
]hjbahglZ ^\Z k\_leh `_eluo emqZ Q_j_a g_kdhevdh fbgml emqb dZdbf"
dZdhc"
dZdbf"
ijhiZeb A_e_guc k\_l aZjb k^_eZeky hjZg`_\uf Z ihlhf djZk dZdh_"
dZdhc"
guf KZfh_ ihke_^g__ y\e_gb_ aZdexqZehkv \ lhf qlh [Z]jh\h dZdbf"
djZkguc ]hjbahgl klZe l_fguf keh\gh hl ^ufZ < kZgZlhjb b \ Zjfb b \ Zd\Zlhjb b \ khj_\gh\Zgb b DjZkg uc h\Zl uc ² djZkgh\Zluc
^uj Z y\ uc ² ^ujy\uc
r_jklv yg hc ² r_jklyghc
ij_^ \hcg Z g u_ ² ij_^\h_ggu_ hj_e bg uc ² hjebguc
g_ ohjhr bc ² g_ohjhrbc
[hehl h bkl uc ² [hehlbkluc Fhkd\ Z kd bc ² fhkdh\kdbc
\_jl _lv ey\ uc ² \_jley\uc
?`_fbgmlguc _`_]h^guc _`_^g_\guc _`_f_kyqguc _`_k_dmg^guc Khegp _ g uc ² kheg_qguc
rmf _lv eb\ u_ ² rmfeb\u_ khkg Z h\ hc ² khkgh\hc
eZkd Z h\ u_ ² eZkdh\u_
\_kg Z g _]h ² \_k_gg_]h
]h\hj blv eb\ Zy ² ]h\hjeb\Zy dmq Z _\ u_ ² dmq_\u_ k ]em[hd hc
]h\hjeb\ Zy
]eZ]
ijbe
kms
ijbe
kms
Evxlky eZkdh\u_ emqb \_k_gg_]h khegurdZ H[b^qb\uc \kiuevqb\uc ^h\_jqb\uc baf_gqb\uc K_j_[jbkluc bkdjbkluc \hegbkluc ^mrbkluc =hjvdh\Zluc `_elh\Zluc djZkgh\Zluc ly`_eh\Zluc DZ\dZakdbc njZgpmakdbc Z\lhjkdbc [he]Zjkdbc KeZ^_gvdbc fbe_gvdbc k_j_gvdbc fheh^_gvdbc >h\_jqb\uc \a]ey^ ^mrbklh_ fueh ]hjvdh\Zluc \dmk ly`_ eh\Zluc ihjln_ev njZgpmakdbc yaud fbe_gvdZy kh[ZqdZ I_evf_g b g Zy ² i_evf_ggZy mqbl_ev kd Zy ² mqbl_evkdZy
iZjbdfZo_j kd Zy ² iZjbdfZo_jkdZy
rZreud g Zy ² rZreuqgZy qZc g Zy ² qZcgZy
^bki_lq_j kd Zy ² ^bki_lq_jkdZy ^_l b kd Zy ² ^_lkdZy
[ebg g Zy ² [ebggZy
[med Z g Zy ² [mehqgZy
fZkl_j kd Zy ² fZkl_jkdZy
khkbkd b g Zy ² khkbkhqgZy
Klh]hf_lZl_ev a_jghm[hjhqguc a_jghhqbklbl_evguc kg_]hm[hjhqgZy jZkkZ^hihkZ^hqgZy fZrbgZ dZjlhn_e_kZ`Ze dZ a_jghih]jmaqbd h\hs_ojZgbebs_ dhjg_ieh^hojZgbebs_
evghk_fyhqbklbl_evguc Z]j_]Zl \j_fyij_ijh\h`^_gb_ � � � � � � Fheh^hc ² fheh^ fheh^h fheh^u fheh^Z ijyfhc ² � � � � � � ijyfh � \_k_euc � ijyf ijyfu ijyfZ ² \_k_e \_k_eh \_k_eu � � � � � � � � � \_k_eZ `b\hc ² `b\ `b\h `b\u `b\Z keZ[uc ² keZ[ keZ[h � � � � lbobc ² � � lboh � keZ[u keZ[Z lbo lbob lboZ ² l\zj^ � l\_j^uc � kf_euc � p_eh � � � � � l\zj^h l\zj^u l\_j^Z p_euc ² p_e p_eu p_eZ � � � � � � � � ² kf_e kf_eh kf_eu kf_eZ djZldbc ² djZlhd djZldh djZldb � djZldZ IjZ\^m fhe\blv fheh^bpZ M` b \ijyfv [ueZ pZjbpZ <ukhdZ kljhcgZ [_eZ B mfhf b \k_f \ayeZ Gh aZlh ]hj^Z ehfeb\Z K\h_gjZ\gZ b j_\gb\Z M` jmfygbl hk_gv de_gu : _evgbd a_e_g b l_gbkl : FZcdh\
DZd fhc kZ^bd k\_` b a_e_g JZkimklbeZkv \ g_f kbj_gv : Ie_s__\
A^_kv f_^e_ggu j_db LmfZggu ha_jZ B \k_ mkdhevaZ_l hl [_]eh]h \ahjZ G Jue_gdh\
b B g_[h k_j^blh b \_l_j k_j^bl K_j^bluc klZjbd gZ kdZf_cd_ kb^bl W Mki_gkdbc
B b Mfguc b [_a ^_g_] [h]Zl Dhj_gv mq_gby ]hj_d ^Z ieh^ keZ^hd Kdmq_g ^_gv ^h \_q_jZ dheb ^_eZlv g_q_]h KZf klZj ^Z ^mrZ fheh^Z >ey mf_ehc jmdb \k_ jZ[hlu e_] db ;_^_g g_ lhl m dh]h fZeh Z lhl dhfm fZeh G_ ^hjh] ih^Zjhd ^hjh]Z ex[h\v =hehk i_\mq ]hjqbqgbd `]mq ^m[ fh]mq fhjha lj_kdmq e_k ^j_fmq gZiblhd rbimq eZg^ur iZomq dZdlmk dhexq klZjbd gbs fZeur ijb]h` f_^\_`hghd g_mdex` V ihke_ rbiysbo gZ dhgp_ keh\ Â&#x2039; i i
QZklv j_qb b ^hiheg ]jZf fZlbq_kdbc ijbagZd
Ijbf_ju
Bfy kms_kl\bl_evgh_ kde furv ^hqv jhkdhrv ihfhsv Bfy kms_kl\bl_evgh_ beb kde emq fgh]h lmq \jZq hdheh ^Zq =eZ]he b^_rv ^hklbqv kijyqv mf gh`v kl_j_qv DjZldh_ ijbeZ]Zl_evgh_ iZomq lj_kdmq dhexq iju ]mq
L_q_gb_ m wlhc j_db kihdhcgh_ K_]h^gy j_[_ghd kihdh_g KlZjuc ^m[ \ukhd fh]mq Wlhl ^hf klZjuc Hg ahe gZ f_gy HgZ [hevgZ ]jbiihf GZrZ kljZgZ [h]Z lZ g_nlvx Kheb jZkl\hjbfu \ \h^_ AZcpu jh[db b hklh jh`gu Hg kihkh[_g d fmaud_ IjhkljZgkl\h [_kdhg_q gh
o
o
o
Kbe_g q_f" mfhf jmfyg hl q_]h" hl fhjhaZ gm`_g o o dhfm" gZjh^m ihoh` gZ dh]h" gZ iZim oheh^_g hl q_]h" hl o o kljZoZ ebihd hl q_]h" hl \Zj_gvy kihkh[_g gZ qlh" gZ ih^\b] Â? Â? Â? Â? Â? iZog_l lj_kdmqbc lj_kd dhexqbc dhe_l Â? IZomqbc Â? Â? Â? Â? Â? Â? g_nlv e_[_^bguc e_[_^v ijyfhc Â? af_bguc af_b g_nlyghc Â? Â? Â? ijyfh ebimqbc ebidbc
kj kl
Aeu_ yaudb kljZrg__ ibklhe_lZ : =jb[h_^h\
kj kl kj kl IjZ\^Z k\_le__ khegpZ >h[jZy keZ\Z ^hjh`_ [h]Zlkl\Z kj kl
kj kl
Mljh \_q_jZ fm^j_g__ FZe_gvdh_ ^_eh emqr_ [hevrh]h kj kl
[_a^_evy Kdmihc [h]Zq [_^g__ s_^jh]h [_^gydZ ;_kq_klv_ kj kl
om`_ kf_jlb
KZfu_ [hevrb_ `b\hlgu_ `b\rb_ ^h kbo ihj gZ A_f e_ ² ys_ju \_k bo ^hklb]Ze \hkvfb^_kylb lhgg GZb[he__ keh`guc yaud \ fbj _ ² dblZckdbc Z kZfZy ^ebggZy Za[mdZ
hgZ kh^_j`bl [md\u ² \ dof_jkdhf yaud_ Ba \k_o klb obcguo [_^kl\bc gZb[hevrbc ms_j[ ijbqbgyxl gZ\h^g_gby
Ih^a_fgh_ ha_jh dhlhjh_ h[gZjm`_gh gZ k_\_j _ GZfb[b b
hdZaZehkv kZfuf [hevrbf \ fbj _ Lmgg_ev dhlhjuc ijh e_]Z_l ih^ j_dhc ?\njZl y\ey _l ky gZb[he__ klZjuf lmgg_e_f \
fbj _ _]h \hajZkl hdheh q_luj_o lukyq e_l KZfu_ [hevrb_ `b\hlgu_ dZdb_" ² kZfu_ [hevrb_ KZfu_ [hev rb_ ² bfy ijbeZ] h[hagZqZ_l ijbagZd ij_^f_lZ G n ² [hevrhc DZq_kl\_ggh_ Mihlj_[e_gh \ iheghc nhjf_ \ ij_\hkoh^ghc kl_i_gb kjZ\g_gby \h fg q \ B i < ij_^eh`_gbb y\ey_lky hij_^_e_gb_f Ih^a_fgh_ ha_jh dZdh_" ² ih^a_fgh_ Ih^a_fgh_ ² bfy ijb eZ] h[hagZqZ_l ijbagZd ij_^f_lZ
G n ² ih^a_fguc Hlghkbl_evgh_ Mihlj_[e_gh \ nhjf_ _^ q kj j B i < ij_^eh`_gbb y\ey_lky hij_^_e_gb_f
� � � � � DjZkb\uc ² djZkb\__ ZddmjZlguc ² ZddmjZlg__ k\h[h^ � � � � guc ² k\h[h^g__ kihdhcguc ² kihdhcg__ fZkkh\uc ² [he__ � � � fZkkh\uc m^h[guc ² m^h[g__ � � � � � � Lm]hc ² lm`_ [ebadbc ² [eb`_ fy]dbc ² fy]q_ `Zjdbc � � � � � � � ² `Zjq_ ]eZ^dbc ² ]eZ`_ a\hgdbc ² a\hgq_ qmldbc ² qmlq_ � � � `_kldbc ² `_klq_ � � � � ;hevrhc ² [he__ [hevrhc [hevr_ ^Ze_dbc ² [he__ ^Z � � � � � � � e_dbc ^Zevr_ ^he]bc ² [he__ ^he]bc ^hevr_ iha^gbc ² [h � � � � � � � e__ iha^gbc iha`_ ]hjvdbc ² [he__ ]hjvdbc ]hjr_ � � � � Ohjhrbc ² emqr_ iehohc ² om`_ � � � � ² kZfuc qmldbc DjZkb\uc ² djZkb\_crbc qmldbc � � � � � kihkh[guc ² kihkh[g_crbc mijyfuc ² mijyf_crbc ijhqguc � � � ² ijhqg_crbc fheh^hc ² kZfuc fheh^hc � � � � � J_^dbc ² j_^qZcrbc e_]dbc ² e_]qZcrbc yjdbc ² �yj � � � � � qZcrbc jZggbc ² kZfuc jZggbc lhgdbc ² lhgqZcrbc ojmi � � � ² kZfuc [hevrhc fZe_gvdbc � dbc ² kZfuc ojmidbc [hevrhc � ² kZfuc fZe_gvdbc � � � � Iehohc ² om^rbc ohjhrbc ² emqrbc ŠA^jZ\kl\mc a_jdZevp_ ŠLu ij_djZkgZ kihjm g_l kdZ`b Gh `b\_l [_a \kydhc >Z \kx ijZ\^m ^heh`b keZ\u Y ev gZ k\_l_ \k_o fbe__ Kj_^v a_e_guy ^m[jZ\u <k_o jmfyg_c b [_e__"ª M k_fb [h]Zluj_c B _c a_jdZevp_ \ hl\_l LZ qlh \k_ ` l_[y fbe_cª
<k_o fbe__ Y ev dZdh\Z" ² \k_o fbe__ <k_o fbe__ ² ijbeZ]Z l_evgh_ h[hagZqZ_l ijbagZd ij_^f_lZ G n ² fbeuc
DZq_kl\_ggh_ Mihlj_[e_gh \ iheghc nhjf_ \ khklZ\ghc ij_\hkoh^ ghc kl_i_gb \ _^ q < ij_^eh`_gbb y\ey_lky kdZam_fuf @b\_l lZ qlh ^_eZ_l" ² `b\_l @b\_l ² ]eZ]he h[hagZqZ _l ^_ckl\b_ G n ² `blv G_\ha\j g_kh\ \b^ kij Mihlj_[e_g \ nhjf_ baty\ gZde gZkl \j _^ q e < ij_^eh`_gbb y\ey_lky kdZam_fuf ;h]Zluj_c `b\_l m dh]h" ² m [h]Zluj_c M [h]Zluj_c ² bfy kms h[hagZqZ_l ij_^f_l G n ² [h]Zlujv GZjbp h^mr f j kde Mihlj_[e_gh \ nhjf_ fg q J i < ij_^eh`_gbb y\ey_lky h[klhyl_evkl\hf Ij_^jZkk\_lgZy lbrbgZ ijbe
kms
]eZ]
< g_h[udgh\_gghc gbdh]^Z g_ keuoZgghc lbrbg_ aZjh`^Z kms
kms
]eZ]
kms
ijbe
kms
_lky jZkk\_l G_[h gZ \hklhd_ a_e_g__l =hem[uf ojmklZe_f aZ ]eZ]
kms
kms
ijbe
kms
kms
]eZ]
]hjZ_lky gZ aZj_ <_g_jZ Wlh emqr__ \j_fy kmlhd ?s_ \k_ kibl ]eZ] kms
kms
]eZ]
]eZ]
kms
kms
Kibl \h^Z kiyl dm\rbgdb kiyl mldgm\rbkv ghkZfb \ dhjy]b kms
]eZ]
kms
kms
kms
]eZ]
ju[u kiyl ilbpu b lhevdh kh\u e_lZxl hdheh dhkljZ f_^e_ggh kms
ijbe
kms
b [_krmfgh dZd dhfvy [_eh]h imoZ kms
]eZ]
]eZ]
kms
]eZ]
Dhl_ehd k_j^blky b [hjfhq_l gZ h]g_ Fu ihq_fm lh ]h\hjbf kms
]eZ]
]eZ]
kms
ijbe
kms
r_ihlhf ² [hbfky kim]gmlv jZkk\_l K `_klyguf k\bklhf ijh ]eZ]
kms
kms
]eZ]
]eZ]
kms
]eZ]
ghkylky mldb LmfZg gZqbgZ_l dem[blvky gZ^ \h^hc Fu gZ\Zeb kms
kms
kms
]eZ]
]eZ]
ijbe
\Z_f \ dhkl_j ]hju kmqv_\ b kfhljbf dZd ih^ufZ_lky h]jhfgh_ ijbe
kms
kms
ijbe
ijbe
kms
[_eh_ khegp_ ² khegp_ [_kdhg_qgh]h e_lg_]h ^gy
OjmklZe_f aZ]hjZ_lky q_f" ² ojmklZe_f OjmklZe_f ² bfy kms h[hagZqZ_l ij_^f_l G n ² ojmklZev GZjbp g_h^mr f j kde Mihlj_[e_gh \ nhjf_ _^ q L\ i < ij_^eh`_gbb y\ey_lky h[klhyl_evkl\hf Ijhghkylky mldb qlh ^_eZxl" ² ijhghkylky Ijhghkylky ² ]eZ]he h[hagZqZ_l ^_ckl\b_ ij_^f_lZ G n ² ijhghkblvky <ha\j g_kh\ \b^ kij Mihlj_[e_g \ nhjf_ baty\ gZde gZkl \j fg q e < ij_^eh`_gbb y\ey_lky kdZam_fuf ;_kdhg_qgh]h ^gy dZdh]h" ² [_kdhg_qgh]h ;_kdhg_qgh]h ² bfy ijb eZ] h[hagZqZ_l ijbagZd ij_^f_lZ G n ² [_kdhg_qguc DZq_kl\_ggh_ Mihlj_[e_gh \ iheghc nhjf_ \ _^ q J i < ij_^eh`_gbb y\ey_lky hij_^_e_gb_f Nml[hebkl m^Zjbe ih fyqm M^Zjbe agZqbl _]h gh]Z hdZaZ eZ hij_^_e_ggh_ \ha^_ckl\b_ gZ fyq b kdhjhklv fyqZ m\_eb qbeZkv Dgb`gZy j_qv
K_j_`Z gZdZlu\Z_l fyq gZ <Zgvdm b lhl ² [Zp ² g_h`b ^Zggh [v_l k oh^m Fyq kh k\bklhf e_lbl \ \hjhlZ JZa]h\hj gZy j_qv
² fgh]h ² ² fgh]h J K g h J K h h h[s_gb_ khh[s_gb_