Zhiyu zhu 825885 final journal by Zoe Zhu

STUDIO AIR 2017, SEMESTER 1, Mehrnoush Zhiyu Zhu_825885

Table of Contents PartA: Conceptualisation A0. Self Introduction A1. Design Futuring A2. Design Computation A3.Composition/Generation A4.Conclustion A5.Learning Outcomes A6.Appendix Algorithmics Sketches Part B: Critieria Design B1. Research Field B2. Case Study 1.0 B3. Case Study 2.0 B4. Technique: Development B5. Technique: Prototypes B6. Technique: Prosal B7. Learning Objectives and Outcomes B8. Algorithmic Sketches Part C: Detailed Design C1. Design concept C2. Tectonic Elements and Prototypes C3. Final Detail Model C4. Learning Objectives and Outcomes

Part A. Conceptualisation

CONCEPTUALISATION

A0. Self Intro My name is Zhiyu Zhu and my preferred name is Zoe. Currently, I am a second year architecture student within the Bachelor of Environments at the university of Melbourne. I was born in Shanghai, China and came to Melbourne when I was 17. When I was in high school, I studied a subject named Visualization Communication Design which initially gave me concept of architecture studying by doing a series researches and sketching. I enjoyed all of the design theories and I love drawing since I was little. I did not realize the importance of the digital technology until I studied Digital Fabrication Design last semester. The digital tools allow architecture students explore further modellings through the imagination and they make many drawing easier and detailed. The subject also taught me about the importance of communication with all the team members. It is very crucial to support each other during the partnership. Fortunately, we developed our model from digital to physical and experienced many fabrication processes. Even I am still at primary level of digital design. I still looking forward to developing my skills and the understanding of the computation more through the Studio Air. CONCEPTUALISATION

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A1 DESIGN FUTURING Currently, the Earth’s renewable resource are consumed up at 25% faster than they can be renewable. Nature cannot sustain human’s demand forever. (Fry Tony,2008) The world is experiencing a rapid increasing of population and it will be overload by the pressure. Architecture is also a language of communication. It is important for architects to think about the city future for the whole society and the resources problem. The ongoing communication is a response to environment and humanity. Thus, computation technology is used during the design processes for designers to explore their imagination easily and efficiently and avoiding many unnecessary waste. Meanwhile, the way of design should be changed for a more sustain living environment in the long shaft term future.

CONCEPTUALISATION

CASE STUDY 01

Architecture studio Penda designed the Bamboo city for interlocking a city of 200,000 people. This is a city The bamboo city has the regular horizontal and vertical structure to build the infrastructure of an entire city. According to the architecture studio, the system will be able to grow a habit of 20 families and keep growing in the future. All the natural materials can help the future city reduce lots of air pollution and enhance the life quantities by influencing all citizens’ feelings. This city demonstrates the understanding of designing city future of creation and rebirth. It is the idea about saving people from destruction. Also, it is a good example of autopoietic system. The designers have a good understanding of the system of communication and future city design. The recursive network is the outcome of human intelligence and form of professional knowledge.

CONCEPTUALISATION

SOHO China is currently China’s largest prime office developer and they focus on develo China. Architect Zaha Hadid designed the Galaxy SOHO in the center of Beijing which ha flowing and elegent. Five continous parts are linked throungh skretched bridges like wate

Zaha’s innovative design significently created the sense of city future and it is also very s the demand of offices assemblems in a rapidly developing modern city. Every levels of th places and resterants. Thus, the design of space and materials are very sustainable an future deisgning.

CONCEPTUALISATION

CASE STUDY 02

oping properties modern cities’s center business districts in as 330000m2 area of offices. The outlayers of the project is er flows.

speculative. The project like Galaxy SOHO perfectly satisfies he building have different functions like public facilities, work nd well reponsed to the whole circumstence with a sense of

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A2 DESIGN COMPUTATION According to the reading, architectural design is an activity which is able to deal designs in equal measures with externally imposed constrains. (Kalay, 2004) Computation technology is the parametric modelling tool to help designers to explore their imagination logically and efficiently. They can take care of large or small repeated jobs accurately and dynamically. Along the way, computation is now providing the most intelligent services for all designers. Furthermore, parametric systems enable the algorithm procedures for developing the various forms of architects in different scales. (Oxman,2014) The computation also provides a series of materials systems for architects to work out with their project. All of the technology systems helps the design process to the last fabrication step while it reducing time and material waste successfully.

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure7

Figure8 Figure 7-8.Rose Etherington, "Lou Ruvo Center For Brain Health By Frank Gehry | Dezeen", Dezeen, 2017 <https://www.dezeen. com/2010/06/17/lou-ruvo-center-for-brain-health-by-frank-gehry/>.

CONCEPTUALISATION

CASE STUDY 01

Luo Ruvo Center for Brain Health designed by Frank Gehry located in Las Vegas. The research center is divided to two separate parts which are connected by a large courtyard. The house is under stainless steel canopy by a unique outlook and the building is illuminated by 199 windows which saves optimized energy and healthy. The twisted structure has special response with human emotions. These stunning structures and imagination are the successful outcome of computation technology. The bending interior design also creates strong memorable stories. As the designer hoped that to make the space memorable, he explains, “The mantra is Keep Memory Alive. I’m trying to make a building that people will want to visit, remember, talk about, and enjoy, and ultimately will want to partner with us at the Center to help cure some of the neurodegenerative diseases.”

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure9

Figure10

Figure11 Figure9-11. "Swoosh Pavilion | The Architectural Association - Arch2o.Com", Arch2o.Com, 2017 <http://www.arch2o.com/swoosh-pavilion-architectural-association/> 16

CONCEPTUALISATION

CASE STUDY 02 This project is named Swoosh Pavilion at London Festival of Architects in 2008. It is not easy to simply think about idea and do it in reality straightly. Therefore, the computation became a very crucial process between them. Students engaged in the geometrical 3-demensional design and generated the ideas together. The computation modelling helps them to arrange all the ideas and components together. Furthermore, fabrication plays an important role during the design process as well. In this case, the computation technology allows the designer to fully fabricated his imagination in an efficient way. It allows the designer to create a model quickly and repeatedly. The pavilion was made of wooden panels with futuristic look by contorting and twisting out layers. The rapid patterns keep flowing from one point to the end fluently.

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure12

"Ghscripts", Pinterest, 2017 <https://au.pinterest.com/ pin/469781804871028937/>

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A3 COMPOSITION GENERATION “When architects have a significant understanding of algorithmic concepts, when we no longer need to discuss the digital as something different, then computation can become a true method of design for architecture.”

Through the history, design tools are always playing an important role during the designing process, they can determine the quality of the outcome in some aspects. Nowadays, algorithm has become more common which can satisfy the designers when their expertise goes beyond their tasks. Algorithm is the method of setting series of rules in the system and simple to follow. (Algorithm definition, 2000) Computation helps designers to explore the space and generates ideas flexibly. Thus, generation design can complex forms and easily produced. Generative parametric model becomes critically high efficiency with generating data and gives relative solutions. It has full potential to modelling big projects.

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure13

CASE STUDY 01 The National Aquatics Centre is designed by PTW architects which is also well known as Water cube and it is designed for 2008 Olympics Game in Beijing. As the name of the building, the inspiration of the appearance is from water bubbles, the irregular arrangement of the water cubes is unique and organic. Water cube is also the world’s largest ETFE clad structural which reduces 30%of energy cost due to the well penetration performance.

CONCEPTUALISATION

Figure15

Figure16 Figure15-16. Definition of ‘Algorithm’ in Wilson, Robert A. and Frank C. Keil, eds (1999). The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (London: MIT Press) Etherington, Rose, "Lou Ruvo Center For Brain Health By Frank Gehry | Dezeen", Dezeen, 2017 <https://www.dezeen. com/2010/06/17/lou-ruvo-center-for-brain-health-by-frank-gehry/>

CONCEPTUALISATION

CASE STUDY 01 Olympic Fish Pavilion designed by Frank Gehry is designed in 1992 in Spain. It is huge sculpture with monumental golden steel mesh appearance and well designed for illuminated most of the day by natural light. Frank is intelligent with the use of soft wares, he used three dimensional aeronautical design soft ware for this model. The impressive spectacular outcome is the celebration of great parametric technology.

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A4 CONCLUSION There is unlimited capacity of architecture design and Part A introduced the development of computation and technology to me. No doubt that the computation has already become the mainstream of the design process. Thus, it is important for architects to have the understanding of algorithm and generation design also apply them efficiently to their own design. I need to study more about using series of input parameter to create my parametric modelling concept. Part A also innovated me about the future design. When we are designing, it is necessary to consider about the circumstance’s changes. We have to be responsible to the environment and society since the architecture design should be optimized all the time. For the following task I am interested in the part of the natural system: creek which can be innovated by the flowing curves and smooth structure. I want to design the project with the parametric technology and algorithm knowledge to influence my clients’ feeling.

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A5 LEARNING OUTCOMES Algorithm is a generative design process, to be familiar with the plug in softer ware for rhino, I need to practice more to understand the how the commands can be generated. At this stage, I am still learning how to use grasshopper by following the online tutorials. It is still challenging for me to design something by my own. H o w eve r, p a r t A i s a b e g i n n i n g o f p a r a m e t r i c computation study. I will keeping learning and explore the potential of the computation technology.

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A6 SKETCHING

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Part B. Criteria Design

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RESERCH FIELD “The power of patterning to endure goes beyond explicitly self-replicating system, such as organisms and self-replicating technology. It is the persistence and power of pattern that support life and intelligence.” -Ray Kurzweil, The Singularity is Near, 2005, p 478

Patterning is regarded as a fundamental ontological design we apply to our intelligence and technology. It is a traditional and classic technique; however, they can be developed all the time since the beginning of designing area started. We can always find some new ways to design with the pattern and apply for all areas of designing. The powder of pattern designing is inestimable which can be recreated and extended again and again. (Garcia, 2009) It is enjoyable to create the possibilities beyond the shapes or arrangement simply. The characters and the form and all be the expression of the patterning design. The outcomes of the patterning design can be traditional or futuristic. Patterning is one of the most common technologies designers explored in the architectural surfaces designing. For architectural design, patterning can be far beyond then the decorations, they can be very usual with designing facades or shadings. And nowadays, parametric patterning has been used a lot as a new and powerful component. (Schumacher, 2009)

CONCEPTUALISATION

This is a futuristic parametric patterning design. The regular facade component is modulated in adaptation to the gradually changing sunlight exposure. The designer built the patterni opputation on the surface which can change the whole surface differentiation. The multiple data set up process must be sophisticated and accurated. The structure is fluent and smoothy.

CONCEPTUALISATION

Polish Pavilion for Shanghai Expo 2010 is design by WWA Architects from Poland. The external layer is built by CNC- cut plywood and internal layer is built by PC panels. The way how the patterns performance with the sun lights and shades are very eye-catching. The patterns also symbolised cultural background of the country of origin. The rendering patterns are the language are the language of the architects which are designed to be he motif of folk-art paper. This also gives visitors a memorable experience when they are walking inside the building. The way how the sun lights affect the indoor area is intereasting. The experience of visiting the pavilion will be a great visual journey for knowing the Polish. The folding envelope is also a great fusion of the raditional concepts with the patterning design.

CONCEPTUALISATION

B2.

FOREIGN OFFICE ARCHITECTS-SPANISH PAVILION CASE STUDY 1.0 I chose the Spanish Pavilion at the 2005 Word Expo in Archi, Japan as my case study 1.0 project. The envelope of the pavilion was designed by enclosing a series of interconnected hexagons with irregular edges. The traditional lattice elements reflected the fusion between Christian and Islamic architectures. The combination of geometric hexagon shapes and colour resulted on the façade is dynamitic and interesting. (Farshidmoussavi.com, 2017)

CONCEPTUALISATION

ITERATION

a. 1-8

b. 1-8

c. 1-8

ITERATION Group d 1-4 is made by extruding the offsets component on the hexagon surface. And 5-9 is developed by lofting two sets of data and change some number slides.

d. 1-8

d. 5-9

CONCEPTUALISATION

SUCCESSFUL SPECICES

This pattern is created by scaling the voronoi middle area. This pattern is similar to the Spanish Pavilion but with different shapes and totally irregular polygons.

This is made by lofting the two final component and the hexagon scale are all different on the surface. And the arrangement of the sizes are opposite to the opposite series of data.

CONCEPTUALISATION

This is the mesh box surfaces. I love the smooth edges. Except the irregular shapes, this model also looks like a bit biomimicry.

This is a actually an error outcome because the number slider has exceed the range. But I like the curves and the circles. They look dynamic and interesting.

CONCEPTUALISATION

B3.

AL BAHAR TOWER CASE STUDY 2.0

FIG.2

The Al Bahr Towers were built as the world’s largest computerised dynamic facade. The buildings are located in Abu Dhabi. Aedas architects designed buildings which can highly approached with the environment. I chose the towers’ shading system as my reverse engineer. Architects used parametric description for the facade panels which are operated as curtain wall of the buildings. Each triangle is coated with fiberglass and programmed ro respond to the movement of the sun as a way to refuce solar gain and glare. in the evening, all of the screens will close.

CONCEPTUALISATION

FIG6-7. AL BARHAR TOWER HTTP://WWW.ARCHDAILY.COM/270592/AL-BAHAR-TOWERS-RESPONSIVE-FACADE-AEDAS

CONCEPTUALISATION

43 13

REVERSE ENGINEER

To start with, build a polygon and changed the number slider to the integer numbers with the range 1-6, then changed the number to 3 to make the basic triangular shape.

CONCEPTUALISATION

After exploded the curves, use the cull index node to reduce 4 points to 3 by setting the integer to -1. Then using the average command to find the centre point. Use the average component again to find the middle points of the lines and connect them together.

To match the data st used join curve comp Brep join can help to model to a solid piec

tructure, ponent.

Use the negative compoent to fix the problem of uncompleted coverd surface.

make the e of geometry.

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Algorithm

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ITERATION

a. 1-5

a. 6-10

b. 1-5

b. 6-10

CONCEPTUALISATION

Triangle Panels B

Triangle Panels A

Diamond Panels

Quad Panels

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ITERATION

c. 1-5

d. 6-10

e. 1-5

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f. 1-5

f. 6-10

E Group is changed by applying the components on different cures or multiple lines.

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TECHNIQUE PROTOTYPES

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PROTOTYPE 1.0 The material is wood mountborad with the size of 590mmx890mm which is a flexible material which has strong ductility and great tension. For the first prototype, it is only 1mm thick. This material will not be broken easily so we can bend it easily and made the arc perfectly. When we are testing this material, we found the shadows of the patterns are really attractive. However, this prototype didnot provide enough shadow we need.

CONCEPTUALISATION

For the second prototype, we tried the medium density fibreboard which are thicker than the first one. This time, we out three layers together, they created enougn shading and also interesting shadows refected ont he floor and the wall.

57 CONCEPTUALISATION

PROTOTYPE 2.0 The material of this model is white mount bord which is light and has a certain thinkness. We used nails as the joining tool and between the nail heads and the background, there is a gap which allows the pieces to move by the wind. This the first time we try to test the wind veil. This model can be successfully moved by the wind. However, to achieve a final model, the joining system must to improve. We need to figure out a possible wind veil in the reality. And also improve the visual quality of model.

CONCEPTUALISATION

TECHNIQUE PROPOSAL

The site is the Melbourne University’s Law Building. Located at 185 Pelham Street. Our clients are the students studying in the law building. The issue is the facade facing North doesnot cover with enough shadings. The indoor study area may get too many sun lights during summer. And a good Shading can also reduce the temperature.

60 60

CONCEPTUALISATION

61 31

B7. LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES

Through the journey of studing Grasshopper, it is a process for me to think about designs more and more parametric. And also understand more about the importance about the computation design. To start with watching videos and then try to change some components, It was a great experience to surprise with how different the outcomes can be. And in the end, I can finally understand how the data flow work together and affect each other. The data structure helps me to develope my parametric thinking a lot. And opened my eyes as a designer. However, I didnot link my B3 with my prototype design together very well. We didnot spent enough time on the B5, and the prototype making didnot prodeced very well. So, for the Part C, it will be a chance to rethink about all the designs and improve them more.

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B8 REFERENCES

1.Garcia, Mark, “Prologue For A History, Theory And Future Of Patterns Of Architecture And Spatial Design”, Architectural Design, 79 (2009), 6-17 <https://doi.org/10.1002/ad.974> 2.Schumacher, Patrik, “Parametric Patterns”, Architectural Design, 79 (2009), 28-41 <https://doi.org/10.1002/ad.976> 3.”Spanish Pavilion At The 2005 World Expo, Aichi, Japan | Farshid Moussavi”, Farshidmoussavi.Com, 2017 <http://www.farshidmoussavi.com/node/27> .

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B9 Sketches

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Part C. Detailed Design

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C 1.1 Design Proposal We finalised our site to the Zen apartment which is located at 27 Therry Street, Melbourne. It is one Zen’s name has the meaning of serene enclave, it is like a shelter on from the hustle. We want to design a shading façade for this shelter to reduce the sun radiance since the top foor is facing north. and work as a wind veil at the same time. Melbourne has very changeable weather and a temperate ocranic climate. Therefore, the wind veil will work really well in the city. Furthermore, we aim to create a patterning inspired from the nature world to responce to the wind. We want to name our project “ the city of wind” to remind people of energy conservation and sense of comfort. As an interface between outer and inner environments, the facade plays an important role, except the artistic view affect, which also aims to reduce building operating costs and improve energy efficiency. The idea of energy conservation is very important for the futuristic design when the world is experiencing The Global Warming effect. This project allows enough natural light to enhance the connection between people and their surroundings and to reduce the running costs of artificial lighting; enough free heating to slow down the consumption of commercial energy.

CONCEPTUALISATION

C 1.2 Design Concept From the interim presentation feedback. Our model has many areas to improve. Basically, we are going to improve our work from the following aspects: different depth, kinematic design, the patterning and the model making technique.

Different depth.

Kinematic design.

Different depth is created in this project, which is to bring different amount of sun light for the building. Panels that are farther from the building allow more light into the building while panels that are closer allow less light into the building.

Different components move relative to the each other following certain constraints to produce the desired motion. Kinematic analysis is of prime importance in design of mechanisms and machines.

Besides, different depth creates a sense of diversity, which makes the project more dynamic and less static. We found that creating regular distribution and same depth for all panels brought the project to a stage where the characteristic of being changeable less attractive.

CONCEPTUALISATION

To emphasize the studio theme, responsive skin, the project is designed to be reactive with wind. This parametrically kinematic design which looks like wind veil becomes more responsive and changeable with the technique.

Patterning This time we added some biomimicry elements in our design because we want to add some natural elements. Therefore, biomimicry plays an important role in our form finding. We used to use panels in square shape or hexagons, but when we discovered the pattern of leave, we found it more natural to use irregular shapes such as voronoi. Voronoi is a pattern really closed to the leaf vein. Then we improved our pattern to the voronoi whic provides natural connection between panels and achieves theme of bringing urban environment and natural environment together.

CONCEPTUALISATION

C 1.3 Design Process

From the iteration design of B2, we used to make a voronoi surface. After boundarying the surface, we get the pattern which is very closed to the leaf vein.

Weaver for topo transfo rhino. B to make more sm used ca smooth at this s comma make th

The back board is made by boudarying the rectangular and connect with the circles as joining points.

CONCEPTUALISATION

Then there is a series of commands to located the point on the panels, they can be adjust to different directions by the move command. The line helps to connect the points which can be seen as the joining bolts. The remap numbers command helps to create different depth between the panels to the background.

r bird is a plug in ological ormations in Basically, it helps e the pattern moothing. (We atmull-clark hing command stage.) This and helps us to he edges softer.

The final step is merging all data resources together to create a completed structure work as a wind veil.

CONCEPTUALISATION

Algorithm

Surface

Boundary Surface Rectangular

Map to Surface

Boundary Box

Populate Geometry Voronoi

Scale

Map to Surface

Dispatch Move

Area Unit Y Bounds

Remap

Negative

Unit Y

CONCEPTUALISATION

Boundary Area

Construct Domain

Surface split

Curve

Debrep

List item

Surface

Mesh

Weavier’s catmull-clark subdivision

Weavier’s mesh thicken

Project

Move

XZ Plane

Circle

Pull point

Region Differnce

Boundary

Boundary Fillet

Brep Area

Merge

Line

CONCEPTUALISATION

C2. Prototypes 1.0 About this prototype, it is made for testing another joining system. Firstly, the panels are cut by laser and the we glued the aluminium pipe in the middle of the plane for let the wire goes through. Then two bolts are used to fix the two layers plane. However, the rubber washer has too much friction with the Perspex panels and failed to spin smoothly. The polypropylene is too soft to be the frame of panels, they are easily bend when there are more loads carried on.

CONCEPTUALISATION

C2. Prototypes 2.0

The Area covered by panels can be different in terms of different functional zones, for example, more light in library but less light in meeting room since projection system may be operated. At this stage the curve used to create the pattern looks like a “s“ shape, which is without meaning in terms of connection between real site and way too simple in terms of creating pattern. To improve: Think possible connection in real life, consider size of joints and the Visual quality needs to be improved in terms of presenting the project. To be specific, quality of joints, model, and documentation of presentation. CONCEPTUALISATION

C2. Prototypes 3.0

CONCEPTUALISATION

This model’s material is also made by white perspex and laser cut. The joining tool for this model is screws. For improving after the interim feedback., All the planels are rearranged, this time they have the sense of overlapping. When we begain to think about the reality, the possible connection. We went bunnings to look for other joints. For the next stage, we want to try with the bolts and nuts to create a better visual quality. And also try to redefine the shapes of the model.

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C2. Fabrication Process

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There are three parts of the final model: Voronoi Panels, Background and the joining bolts. Firstly, we chose the white perspex as our material for the panels and the wood mountboard as the background. All the curve edges and the holes for bolts are cut by laser. So, the curve edges are smooth and tidy. The laser cut helpes to improve the model quality a lot. We tried with a series joining systems before, such as the wire, screws and etc. However, we chose the bolts with 7.5mm and 6mm length as the final joining tools. they have beatiful heads and little nuts on the body whic are perfectly suitable for our model. The square nuts on the bolts are helping to locate the different depth of the little panels. They are not locked deadly, we left some space to allow the panels move slightly to create the wind veil.

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C3. The City of Wind

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C4.Learning Outcomes

Through the whole semester, i really learnt a lot from the stuio Air. It was really a great experience to study it. Firstly, I learnt how to use the grasshopper which is a really powerful parametric design tool which allows me to design patterns much easier than simply use rhino. The grasshopper shows me more possibility of the futuristic architecture designing. And then the fabrication of the model is also really interesting. Lots of trips to Bunnings and material stores, to study about the kinematic facade which let me gain many knowledges about the energy conservation designs. From the end the Part B it was all group work, at the middle of the progress of the model design, I had some argument with my group member by holding different ideas. However, we understand each other in the end and finish the Part C together. We all need to learn how to discuss with group member properly and improve our skills together. i believe it is one of the most important things in the studio Air.

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Appendix

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REFERENCING Definition of ‘Algorithm’ in Wilson, Robert A. and Frank C. Keil, eds (1999). The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (London: MIT Press) Etherington, Rose, "Lou Ruvo Center For Brain Health By Frank Gehry | Dezeen", Dezeen, 2017 <https://www.dezeen.com/2010/06/17/lou-ruvocenter-for-brain-health-by-frank-gehry/> Etherington, Rose, "Watercube By PTW Architects", Dezeen, 2017 https://www. dezeen.com/2008/02/06/watercube-by-chris-bosse/ Frearson, Amy, "Penda Unveils Vision For Modular Bamboo City", Dezeen, 2017 https://www.dezeen.com/2015/10/19/penda-future-vision-for-bamboo-cityinterlocking-modular-components/ Fry, Tony, Design Futuring (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2014) "Galaxy Soho / Zaha Hadid Architects", Archdaily, 2017 http://www.archdaily. com/287571/galaxy-soho-zaha-hadid-architects Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge) Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design Sokol, David, and Nick Mafi, "29 Spectacular Buildings Designed By Frank Gehry | Architectural Digest", Architectural Digest, 2017 <http://www. architecturaldigest.com/gallery/best-of-frank-gehry-slideshow>

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