Milwaukee County Zoo 2013 Annual Report by Zoological Society of Milwaukee

Vision The Milwaukee County Zoo will be a zoo of renown with a reputation as a leader in animal management, conservation, research and education within a wholesome recreational environment enjoying the admiration of the citizens of Milwaukee County as well as all zoo guests and other zoos of the world.

Mission Statement The Milwaukee County Zoo will inspire public understanding, support and participation in global conservation of animal species and their environment by creating a unifying bond between our visitors and the living earth and provide an environment for personal renewal and enjoyment for our guests by: • Contributing to worldwide animal management, conservation and research efforts; • Fostering sound physical, psychological and social development for the animal groups in our care; • Sharing our knowledge with the intent to reinforce the human-animal-earth bond; • Improving the quality of our professional development, administration and operating environment; • Striving for the financial self-sufficiency of the organization; • Continuing the public-private partnership with the Zoological Society of Milwaukee.

Table of Contents Address from the County Executive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Letter from the Director. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Milwaukee County Zoo History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2013 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2013 Animal Management and Health Division. . . . . . . . . 8 Zoo Staff Conservation and Research Projects . . . . . . . 18 Additional Conservation Efforts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Cooperative Animal Management Programs . . . . . . . . . . 24 Administration and Finance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Public Affairs and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Operating Expenses (Financials) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 The Milwaukee County Zoo and the Zoological Society of Milwaukee. . . . . . . . . . . 38 Cownose rays and bonnethead sharks

County Executive and Board of Supervisors . . . . . . . . . . 41

Dear Friends, For the Milwaukee County Zoo, 2013 was marked by successful conservation programs in the form of noteworthy animal births and varied additions to the collection. A significant undertaking also took place this year as the Zoo positioned itself to continue as a zoological leader, with the next 20-year master plan proposal coming to fruition. A milestone was reached in the Zoo’s master plan process, with the initial proposal for the 20-year plan being finalized. This plan addresses all aspects of the Zoo, including animal exhibits, dining, merchandise sales, and service and infrastructure improvements. Also in 2013, the Zoo was granted continuing accreditation status from the Association of Zoos & Aquariums (AZA). Accreditation takes place every five years, and involves a rigorous process of on-site inspection, self-evaluation and peer review. Congratulations to the Zoo for its accreditation, another example of its commitment to high zoological standards, conservation and exceptional animal care. Zoo conservation efforts came in many forms this year, but one of the most significant was the births of four bonobos (pygmy chimpanzee). These births not only mark the propagation of a highly endangered species, but also show the Zoo’s continuing commitment to conservation initiatives within its animal collection. While the Zoo Interchange Project moved forward, the Zoo continued to work in tandem with the Department of Transportation (DOT), keeping apprised of the major developments as they impact the Zoo and its visitors. This substantial project continues through 2018. I thank the staff of the Milwaukee County Zoo for its continued dedication and hard work. It is because of your efforts that the Zoo is able to grow and thrive. I would also like to acknowledge the relationship between the Zoo and the Zoological Society of Milwaukee. Each year, this public-private partnership helps strengthen the Zoo’s projects and overall initiatives.

Chris Abele Milwaukee County Executive

Letter from the Director A variety of exciting events occurred throughout the year, ranging from new animal births and arrivals to our continued accreditation by the AZA and the completion of the Zoo’s next 20-year master plan proposal. Of significant note in 2013, the Zoo was granted continued accreditation status by the AZA. Accreditation is granted for five years, at the end of which the institution must undergo the rigorous investigation again to ensure it meets rising industry standards in collection care, veterinary programs, conservation, education and safety, among other areas. In the summer, the Zoo welcomed back a popular live-animal exhibit, Sting Ray & Shark Bay, sponsored by Sendik’s Food Markets. Visitors could get up close with harmless species of both sting rays and sharks in a 14,000-gallon touch pool. The display again proved to be a must-see attraction. We were proud to announce the births of four bonobos who joined our troop during the year. The first two bonobos were born in May and June, and the last two in November and December, bringing our total number to 20. This is a significant accomplishment for conservation efforts of this endangered species whose numbers are rapidly diminishing in the wild.

Zoo Director Charles Wikenhauser

In the fall, we suffered a great loss in our animal collection with the death of polar bear Wilhelm (Willie). Here for a temporary stay from the North Carolina Zoo, Willie became a visitor favorite. He’ll be missed both by guests and staff alike.

Two reticulated giraffes were added to the collection, bringing our number to four. Females Ziggy and Marlee arrived from Disney’s Animal Kingdom and Zoo Miami, respectively, and proved to be excellent companions to our existing herd of one female and one male. We hope our future herd will now include calves!

During 2013, a job analysis and evaluation project was initiated by the Milwaukee County Department of Human Resources for all county employees. Zoo employees completed job evaluation questionnaires (JEQs) pertaining to their overall job duties. These JEQs will be used to standardize job descriptions and possibly realign job classifications and salary ranges. We once again extend a thank you to the county executive, the county board and the Zoological Society and their partners for their continued support. A number of our initiatives, renovations and special exhibits are possible because of their assistance.

Dwarf mongoose

Please read on as each division shares highlights from the year.

Charles Wikenhauser Zoo Director

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The Milwaukee County Zoo Home to more than 2,700 mammals, birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles, we’re proud our Zoo continues to be recognized as one of the finest in the country.

Our history at a glance

1892-2004

Washington Park

Photo by unknown

1892

The Milwaukee County Zoo (MCZ) started as a miniature mammal and bird display in Milwaukee’s downtown Washington Park

1902

MCZ expanded to 23 acres; now home to 800 animals

1910

The Zoological Society was founded, lending financial support to the Zoo

1934

MCZ became an entity of the Milwaukee County Park Commission, which helped provide resources to expand the Zoo

1958

MCZ moved to its present location on 200 acres of parkland

Late 1960s

Completion of: the Primate Building, Monkey Island, Winter Quarters, Polar and Brown Bear Dens and the Feline, Pachyderm, Giraffe, Bird, Small Mammal, Aquarium & Reptile and Australian Buildings

1970s

MCZ added the Children’s Zoo, Train Shed, Zoo Hospital, Dall Sheep Exhibit and the Gift Shop. The Zoological Society’s volunteer organization, Zoo Pride, was established. The Zoological Society develops education programs at the Zoo.

1978

The Milwaukee County Zoo was one of only 22 institutions in North America accredited by the American Association of Zoological Parks & Aquariums, now named the Association of Zoos & Aquariums.

1980s

Initiated a $26 million capital improvement plan, representing a significant partnership venture between the Zoo, Milwaukee County and the Zoological Society. Completion of: Wolf Woods, underwater viewing in the Polar Bear and Sea Lion Exhibits, Oceans of Fun, the Dairy Complex, Humboldt Penguins and the Peck Welcome Center

1988

Hosted the Association of Zoos & Aquariums Annual Conference

Early 1990s

An extensive renovation of the Aviary and Primates of the World, and the completion of a new Apes of Africa Exhibit

1995

Renovation of the Aquarium and Reptile Center; renamed the Aquatic and Reptile Center

1998

Completed remodeling of the Small Mammals Building

1999

Initiated a $30 million capital improvement plan, representing a significant partnership venture between the Zoo, Milwaukee County and the Zoological Society

2002

Macaque Renovation and modernization of Lakeview Place restaurant monkey Redesign of the Ice Cream Palace and Karibu Gift Shop Groundbreaking for the new Animal Health Center Major renovation (both indoor and outdoor quarters) to our landmark exhibit, Monkey Island; renamed Macaque Island

2003

Completion of the Animal Health Center Initiated design phase of renovation to the Feline Building; animals relocated Began initial renovations to the Stackner Heritage Farm and construction of the Karen Peck Katz Conservation Education Center

2004

Completion of the Karen Peck Katz Conservation Education Center Began demolition and finalized designs for Northwestern Mutual Family Farm Continued construction of the new $7.2 million Florence Mila Borchert Big Cat Country

Our history at a glance

Northwestern Mutual Family Farm

2005-2013

2005

Completion of the Florence Mila Borchert Big Cat Country Completion of the Northwestern Mutual Family Farm Completion of the redesign and renovation of the Safari Train Station

2006

Completion of the MillerCoors Giraffe Experience Began initial design phase for the new U.S. Bank Gathering Place

2007

Began construction for the new U.S. Bank Gathering Place, and the new Idabel Wilmot Borchert Flamingo Exhibit and Overlook

2008

Completion of the U.S. Bank Gathering Place Completion of the Idabel Wilmot Borchert Flamingo Exhibit and Overlook Received accreditation by the Association of Zoos & Aquariums Hosted the AZA Annual Conference

2009

Completion of the Dohmen Family Foundation Hippo Home Completed renovation of the Taylor Family Humboldt Penguin Exhibit Began upgrades for storm water management program

2010

Installed solar panels at admission gates Installed permanent poetry exhibition The Language of Conservation, located throughout the Zoo

2011

Completion of the new outdoor Bonobo Exhibit, and new interpretive graphics and interactive displays to the indoor Bonobo Exhibit Opened new permanent visitor activities with SkyTrail® Wisconsin Adventure Zone Added Kohl’s Wild Theater programming to Zoo’s Northwestern Mutual Family Farm, made possible by donation to the Zoological Society

Taylor Family Humboldt Penguin Exhibit

The Language of Conservation

2012

Completion of the first planning phase of a new 20-year Zoo master plan, addressing improvements in animal exhibits, visitor attractions and amenities, service facilities and operations Completed the renovated entrance to the Northwestern Mutual Family Farm Completion of the first phase of Black Bear Exhibit improvements, made possible by a donation from MillerCoors

2013

Completion of the master plan proposal by Peckham Guyton Albers & Viets, Inc. (PGAV); will serve as a guide for the Zoo for the next 20 years Installed a new emergency broadcast system on Zoo grounds Completed design phase for the new west entrance and adjacent parking lots Continued improvements to the Black Bear Exhibit with focus on water conservation

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Black Bear Exhibit

2013 Highlights Here are some of the 2013 highlights and accomplishments in greater detail:

AZA Accreditation

Zoo Master Planning

In September 2013, the Milwaukee County Zoo was again awarded accreditation by the AZA. Institutions belonging to the AZA are fully evaluated once every five years by a team of inspectors and by the AZA Accreditation Commission to ensure AZA standards and policies continue to be met.

The proposal for the Zoo’s next master plan was finalized during the year. The national firm of PGAV was contracted for the project. The proposal includes eight new or redeveloped animal exhibits, three non-animal attractions and five revenue-generating centers.

Less than 10 percent of the more than 2,000 licensed animal exhibitors in the United States have achieved AZA accreditation. Standards are frequently re-evaluated and raised to ensure animals in AZA institutions are receiving the best possible care from highly qualified staff in modern facilities that represent the best practices in our profession.

This new master plan will serve as a guide for the park for the next 20 years and beyond, and address all aspects of the Zoo, including animal exhibits, dining, merchandise sales, and additional service and infrastructure improvements. The goals of the master plan were to: • Become financially sustainable • Become one of the top fun, family-oriented, educational regional attractions and destination choices in the Midwest • Enhance and continue to be recognized for wildlife and conservation efforts • Continue excellence in animal care

Zoos and aquariums accredited by the AZA are expected to be leaders in the field and embrace the highest quality facilities, programs and staff available. Animals must be well cared for and housed in appropriate settings that provide an educational experience for visitors, and meet the animals’ physical, psychological and social needs.

The strategies of the plan were defined as:

Animals must be managed as appropriate for long-term genetic viability of the species, which means careful planning of resource allocation, ex-situ breeding, and ex-situ/in-situ conservation and research.

• • • • • •

The AZA standards refer to all aspects of zoological institution operations, including: • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Animal care, welfare and management Veterinary care Conservation Education and interpretation Research Governing authority Staff Support organization Finance Physical facilities Safety/security Guest services Other programs and activities

Refocusing the brand Strengthening the guest experience Increasing revenues Increasing operational efficiency Strengthening animal collection core Focusing on conservation

The impact of the Zoo Interchange Project also will be addressed. This major freeway project will impact the Zoo in a number of ways, most significant of which is the loss of approximately 700 visitor parking spaces. Zoo staff continue to meet regularly with the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (DOT) on the project and its impact on the Zoo.

The Zoo has maintained AZA-accredited status since it was first inspected in 1978. The next AZA accreditation evaluation of the Zoo is scheduled for 2018.

Bonobo Photo by Suvi S. Tory

All county departments, which include the Zoo, were asked to complete JEQs for each job title. The JEQ documents the duties, responsibilities and minimum qualifications of a job, and serves as the fundamental document used in the job analysis and evaluation process to formally write job descriptions.

Zoo Interchange Project The Milwaukee County Zoo sits along a substantial stretch of freeway—to the west of downtown Milwaukee—appropriately named the Zoo Interchange. The reconstruction of the Zoo Interchange began in 2012, with major undertakings occurring in 2013. The entire project addresses this nine-mile freeway corridor leading to and through the actual interchange. As Wisconsin’s oldest and busiest interchange, it fully opened to traffic in 1963 and has since deteriorated with age.

The project was accomplished within a four-phase approach, of which the Zoo complied, and included four process steps: • Submit 2013 department organizational chart • Complete and submit JEQ for each active job • Compensation Division conducts formal analysis and evaluation of each active job • Compensation Division shares findings and recommendations with department heads/directors

Several significant freeway ramp and bridge closures during the year affected how visitors arrived at the Zoo. Alternate routes and signage were implemented so as not to deter guests from visiting. The closures detoured visitors to longer routes and longer drive times.

This project will continue into 2014, and the overall results will include:

Also during the year, a new off-ramp from Highway 45 opened to Wisconsin Avenue, forcing traffic to be rerouted onto 97th street. Traffic lights were installed at the intersection of 97th street and Bluemound Road, immediately outside the Zoo’s entrance and exit drives. This new traffic pattern continues to impact traffic entering and exiting the Zoo, as well as to and from the Zoofari Conference Center. ily Farm Fam

There are major electrical utilities running along the south side of the Zoo. The planned reconstruction of the Zoo Interchange requires that these utilities be relocated or buried. The only access to them is from the Zoo property. During the year, we had hundreds of cement and dump trucks, and scores of semitrailers and cranes entering and leaving the Zoo. We were required to relocate phone, data and electrical lines in order to link the north side of the Zoo with service areas south of Interstate 94.

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As the project moves forward, a major impact of the reconstruction will involve the loss of approximately 700 visitor parking spaces. Discussions late in the year included the construction of an auxiliary Zoo entrance on an eightacre parcel of Zoo-owned land, located on the northwest corner of the Zoo footprint. The new entrance includes a parking lot, able to accommodate 700 parking spaces.

• FLSA/EEO compliance • Appropriate classifications (job groups/titling) • New standardized job descriptions • Equitable/competitive pay system Weekend

In 2013, the Zoo installed a new emergency broadcast system that alerts guests of an emergency situation or severe weather alert. In the past, visitors were made aware of such situations through on-site deputies from the sheriff’s department and Zoo employees. Visitors are now alerted through a series of chimes followed by the specific emergency announcement.

Other Highlights

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Throughout the year, the Zoo continued to host temporary exhibits and special events. Highlights included displaying the summer exhibit Sting Ray & Shark Bay, sponsored by Sendik’s Food Markets. Renovations continued in our Black Bear Exhibit and construction of a special shade structure in our outdoor Elephant Exhibit.

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The attraction and special event lineup included: Oceans of Fun Seal and Sea Lion Show sponsored by Supercuts; SkyTrail® Explorer Ropes Course; Zip Line & SkyTykes Ropes Course, sponsored by Tri City National Bank; Egg Day sponsored by Welch’s and Pick ’n Save; and Family Farm Weekend sponsored by the Wisconsin Milk Marketing Board.

This project will continue to require significant staff time; on average in 2013, there were at least four DOT meetings per week that Zoo staff attended.

Job Evaluation Questionnaires (JEQs) As previously mentioned, during the 2013 fiscal year, the county’s Department of Human Resources conducted a job analysis and evaluation project for each county job title.

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Emergency Broadcast System

featured in the exhibit, which presented a sharp contrast to the sting rays and sharks.

2013 Special Exhibit Sting Ray & Shark Bay Sponsored by Sendikâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Food Markets

Guests learned the best way to attract both the sting rays and sharks was to keep their hands still, and let the animals approach on their own. Food for the sting rays was available for purchase, allowing for an enticing way to attract these docile animals.

During the summer, visitors were able to experience a unique interactive exhibit that put sting rays and sharks at their fingertips! Displayed in our Otto Borchert Family Special Exhibits Building, the aquatic display ran May 25 through Sept. 2.

Sting Ray & Shark Bay cost $2 per person and offered an appealing way to meet sting rays and sharks without traveling to the tropics!

A 14,000-gallon touch pool served as the centerpiece of the exhibit and featured cownose and southern sting rays, as well as bamboo and bonnethead sharks, all of which were nonaggressive and harmless to touch. A number of horseshoe crabs also were

2013 Sting Ray & Shark Bay Special Exhibit

Cownose rays and bonnethead sharks

2013 Animal Management and Health Division The Animal Management and Health Division is responsible for the management, health, husbandry, propagation and exhibition of a large and diverse collection of animals; the design and operation of the associated facilities and exhibits; the support of and participation in conservation and research programs at the Zoo and around the world; and the enhancement of the public’s knowledge and appreciation of animals. The division includes five major animal care areas: Reptiles and Aquaria, Primates and Small Mammals, Birds and Family Farm, Large Mammals, and Animal Health and Nutrition. In addition to the full-time animal care staff assigned to these areas, there are rovers—zookeepers trained in many animal areas that fill in as needed, and also night operations animal care staff. Staff also coordinate division operations, maintain detailed records and permits, and manage the Zoo library.

Animal Division Collections The animal collections serve to enhance visitors’ knowledge and appreciation of animals, and to contribute to animal species conservation. Our front-line animal care staff devote more than 100,000 hours each year toward the care of our animals.

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) lists 25 of the species in our collection as endangered and five as threatened. Several of these species are critically endangered (on the brink of extinction in the wild) such as Amur tiger, Sumatran/Bornean hybrid orangutan, southern black rhinoceros, cotton-top tamarin and western lowland gorilla.

On Dec. 31, 2013, the Zoo animal collection included:

On Zoo Grounds

Species

Specimens

369

Birds

326

Reptiles

Amphibians

Fish

134

1,172

Invertebrates

725

372

2,724

Mammals

TOTAL

In addition, Wisconsin lists one of our species as endangered in the state, and one species as threatened. Our collection also includes Guam kingfishers, which are extinct in the wild. With such a large and diverse animal collection, there are a significant number of births, transfers and deaths every year. The life expectancy of animals at our Zoo may greatly exceed the life expectancy of animals in the wild. These life expectancies vary dramatically with species— small rodents and the giant Pacific octopus are old in two years, while swans can live for decades. Female lions are ancient at 20 years of age, but our giant Amazon River turtle may be 100 years old. Animals are subject to the same types of health conditions as humans, which may result in earlier deaths.

The animal collection owned by the Zoo and on loan to other zoological institutions included:

Out on Loan

Species

Specimens

Mammals

Birds

Reptiles

Amphibians, Fish and Invertebrates

TOTAL

Staff members devote much thought and time toward enriching the lives of the Zoo animals. They provide mental and physical stimulation to the animals by varying their social structure, mixing compatible species together, changing habitats, offering interesting scents, providing manipulation devices, engaging them in positive reinforcement training, distributing food treats for foraging opportunities, and supplying toys and problem-solving reward devices.

Plumed basilisk Photo by Suvi S. Tory

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Many of these offspring have been distributed throughout the country and are already with new mates.

REPTILES AND AQUARIA Aquatic and Reptile Center In 2013, there were four significant changes to the Aquatic and Reptile Center animal collection.

We continued to participate in avian conservation initiatives by supporting zookeepers’ travel to Michigan to aid in the Great Lakes Piping Plover Recovery Program, and to Maryland to help with captive whooping crane rearing.

In February, we acquired a young Oustalet’s chameleon. They are known as the “yard-long chameleon,” as they can grow to be almost three feet long—the longest chameleon species in the world.

Our in-house migratory bird monitoring, feeding and banding program also continued. We tested many different avian collisionabatement products throughout the park in an effort to find the most effective, cost-friendly and aesthetically pleasing methods of reducing bird/window strikes in the Zoo. The winning applications will be displayed during the upcoming year as we move toward the next level of reducing bird mortalities.

In May, we transferred our male leopard shark to another institution, as he was approaching maturity, and we didn’t want him to breed with the females. Roti Island snake-necked turtles are one of 19 species of turtles included in the AZA Species Survival Plan® Programs. We acquired a breeding group of these turtles during the year, and shortly afterward, one of the females laid eggs, and one of those eggs successfully hatched after a 120-day incubation period. This turtle species has unfortunately been collected extensively for the pet trade, as they command high prices due to their status as a distinct, restricted-range endemic species. The species is now considered commercially extinct by Indonesian traders. In December, our ancient king cobra Hannah died. She was 19 years and 6 months old at the time—one of the oldest king cobras on record. Because adult king cobras are difficult to find, we acquired a small juvenile for the collection. Too large for the juvenile, the Cobra Exhibit became the temporary home for a troop of black tree monitors. These arboreal cousins of the Komodo dragon put on quite a show for visitors at feeding time.

BIRDS AND FAMILY FARM Aviary The Aviary welcomed five new species in 2013, including chestnut teal and masked lapwing. Red-billed leiothrix (known as Pekin robins) from Asia and Luzon bleeding heart dove from the Philippines joined the red-crested cardinal that hails from South America. These birds are all part of captive breeding programs in North American zoos and we’re excited for the possibilities of breeding them here as well. We also welcomed some additional animals of species we already display. Scarlet ibis, Inca terns, hottentot and marbled teal, Micronesian kingfisher, tawny frogmouths, Humboldt penguins, cape thick-knee, violaceous turaco, green-naped pheasant pigeon, and an oystercatcher all came to Milwaukee from other zoos throughout the country. Our proudest additions are the chicks we raised this year: Gentoo penguins, crested wood partridges, Humboldt penguins, boatbilled herons, green-naped pheasant pigeons, red-billed hornbills and bearded barbets. All were successfully raised, some by their parents, and some by zookeepers, in our ongoing commitment to help secure these populations in North American zoos.

Kookaburra

Black and white Holstein calf

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Northwestern Mutual Family Farm This was a big year for our cows at the farm, with six newcomers. Our three bull calves, Rocky the Jersey, Prince Alexander the Ayrshire, and Sir Todd Charles the milking shorthorn joined the three heifers, Maddie the red and white Holstein, Darcy the black and white Holstein and Ruby the Ayrshire from first-time mom Pearl. We also received another Superior Quality Award from Foremost Farms, USA. The award is given for superior quality milk produced during the year.

Photo by Suvi S. Tory

In addition to the cows, we added a new mini Rex rabbit, Houdini, and an Arabian horse, Gypsy, to our collection. Both of these animals are used in our educational programming. We continued efforts to complement the farm entrance with antique farm implements under the façade, visible to the public in spring 2014. We’re also working on the inside and outside of the Raptory Theater, making these areas more attractive and enjoyable for visitors. These areas are shared with the Kohl’s Wild Theater troupe and the World Bird Sanctuary Birds of Prey Show. Finally, we said goodbye to a longtime Zoo resident, Helga, our 15-year-old Scottish highland beef cow.

Our jaguars, Zean and B’alam

North America/Australia Our female Matschie’s tree kangaroo, Kiama, gave birth to her sixth offspring in December. If all goes well, the youngster will be seen in the Australia Exhibit peeking out of Kiama’s pouch in spring 2014. Kiama is one of the most prolific of her species in North America.

LARGE MAMMALS The Large Mammal Sections of the Zoo include: Big Cat Country, North America/Australia, Pachyderm/Giraffe, and African/South American Hoofstock/Camels. In all of these areas, staff continue to manage an extensive animal collection with a progressive training program using operant conditioning. Training the animals to cooperate willingly for health exams, sample collections and husbandry procedures allows for an enriching and stress-free environment. Samples collected under these conditions are used to determine normal biological parameters in exotic species, and also to monitor the overall animal health and reproductive status.

Wolf Awareness Day in October provided fun activities such as the annual howling contest, and opportunities for visitors to learn about the history and recovery of Wisconsin’s timber wolf population. The only change to the North America collection in 2013 was the unfortunate loss of Willie the polar bear. Willie was on temporary loan from the North Carolina Zoo, but passed away in October after a brief illness. He was 28 years old.

Big Cat Country

Pachyderm/Giraffe

The highlight of the year in Big Cat Country was the exhibit debut of jaguar cubs B’alam and Zean. Parents Pat and Stella have been reintroduced for breeding, and although the cubs had reached adult size by December, they were still spending most of their time with Stella.

The big news in pachyderms in 2013 was the arrival of two young female giraffes. Ziggy (born 2010) arrived in May from Disney’s Animal Kingdom, and Marlee (born 2012) arrived in October from Zoo Miami. When they are older, they’ll be potential breeding partners for our adult male, Bahatika.

The Snow Leopard Exhibit also has a new resident. Our newest snow leopard, Genghis, was introduced to female, Tomiris, in January. The pair bonded very quickly and remain together. There were three dispositions in the area this year. In January, Njeri, the last of three lion cubs from 2011 to be shipped out, moved to the Caldwell Zoo in Tyler, Texas, where she was paired with a young male lion to form a new pride. Damara the cheetah was humanely euthanized in April, followed by our elderly tiger, Kajmak, in May. Kajmak was born here, and lived to be almost 18 years old.

There were two losses in the area this year: Boris, the oldest warthog in Milwaukee County Zoo history, passed away in July at the age of 16; and Puddles, our 37-year-old hippo, died in August. Elephant staff finished collecting data and completing husbandry surveys for a research project titled Using Science to Understand Zoo Elephant Welfare. This was a comprehensive nationwide study to determine the environmental and husbandry factors most important to elephant welfare. Results will be published in several reports in 2014.

African elephants

Red panda Photo by Suvi S. Tory

The fourth annual Elephant Awareness Day was a great success, providing visitors with activities and information about elephants and raising funds for wild elephant conservation.

African and South American Hoofstock/Camels Several births occurred in the hoofstock areas this year, starting in January with two female impala calves. The second calf, Ginger, was not properly cared for by her mother and was hand-raised by Zoo staff. She returned to the herd in time for the spring exhibit season. In July, a male greater kudu, Sam, was born to first-time parents Barudi and Noeli. In August, we welcomed two healthy female alpaca crias, Sarita and Arica. Both will be staying with the herd indefinitely. Another addition to the area was a young male red panda, Dash, who arrived in October. Dash came from the Granby Zoo in Quebec and will alternate exhibit time with our older male, Genghis. If they seem to be compatible, we’ll attempt to exhibit them together.

her challenges, she remained a vital component of our troop by providing comfort and solace to those temporarily pushed out of their group for some social infraction and by remaining a solid role model and mentor to the other bonobos. Although we may have lost Kitty, overall we gained in our bonobo collection. In February, we received a 9-year-old female, Lola, from the Columbus Zoo for breeding purposes. A few months later in May, we welcomed our first bonobo birth of the year. It is the first offspring born to 13-year-old Elikia, who also is here on loan from the Columbus Zoo. Another on loan from the Columbus Zoo is 16-year-old Tamia, who produced her second infant in June. After a lapse of a couple of months, we welcomed two more healthy infants, one in November and one in December. Ten-year-old Deidre gave birth to her first infant in November and 14-year-old Zomi presented her second youngster to us in December.

Apes of Africa, Primates of the World and Macaque Island

Due to our animal care staff members’ diligent work over the years using positive reinforcement training techniques with our primates, we’ve been able to document fetal development by use of ultrasonography on freely cooperating pregnant females. Four bonobo pregnancies in 2013 provided the opportunity for Dr. Barbara Drews, from the Max Planck Institute in Germany, to ultrasound the expectant mothers and gather vital information for her research protocol titled “Fetal Brain Development in Bonobos and Humans: an Ultrasonography Study.” Preliminary results of Dr. Drews’ research have shown some interesting correlations and differences between these two species.

As with all years, 2013 brought both the bitter and the sweet to the Primate Section. In April, we lost our oldest bonobo, a female named Kitty. Having been obtained in the wild in Africa, she was one of the two oldest bonobos in captivity at an estimated age of between 60 and 65 years. In her later years, Kitty was not only blind and almost totally deaf, but was prone to seizures. Despite

Besides developmental research, the Zoo and the bonobos hosted two other sets of researchers focusing on bonobos’ cognitive capacities and brain usage. Over the years, our bonobos have presented themselves willingly for numerous noninvasive research projects.

Unfortunately, there were losses in the area as well. The adult male camel, Moses, passed away in January, as did one of our older impalas. Our female eland, Mavis, died in February. The only other disposition was the transfer of our year-old alpaca male, Gustavo, to a new home in Michigan.

PRIMATES AND SMALL MAMMALS

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Cotton-top tamarin

Orangutan, Thomas O Photo by Suvi S. Tory

Training also has allowed the continued volunteer participation of the bonobos, gorillas and orangutans in ongoing ultrasound studies and monitoring of heart health status.

Nieve, arrived from the Brandywine Zoo in Wilmington, Delaware, and was well received by Nino. We have not been successful in finding a new mate for our female douroucouli, as the species is relatively rare in zoos. We will continue to seek companionship of some sort for her until a male is available.

Our Primates of the World building was relatively quiet in 2013, with no births, no deaths and no transfers in or out. But there was quite a significant and remarkable phenomenon that is still unfolding—the emergence of our adult male orangutan, Thomas O, from his introverted and skeptical shell. By year’s end, he had become much more trusting and significantly more social with our female, MJ. This transformation has been due in large part to the efforts of volunteer Scott Engel and his use of iPads®. By working with Thomas O and MJ on a regular basis, showing them videos of themselves, other orangutans and a multitude of other subjects, Engel was able to learn their interests, and to enrich and enliven their lives. The change in Thomas O has been dramatic, and we’re extremely appreciative of Engel’s efforts.

With the weather warming in May, we were able to send two female cotton-top tamarins to the Abilene Zoo in Texas. August brought a couple of significant losses—Oscar, a 22-year-old red-ruffed lemur and Mumbi, a 16-year-old springhaas. Captive longevity for red-ruffed lemurs is 19 to 20 years and for springhaas 15 to 17 years. We feel both lived a good life and they are missed. August also saw the transfer of a young male golden lion tamarin to the Lincoln Children’s Zoo in Nebraska. September brought additional animal shipments, both sending and receiving, all on the same day. First, members of our staff drove to the Henson Robinson Zoo in Springfield, Illinois, where they met Dickerson Park Zoo staff from Springfield, Missouri, to receive two female sugar gliders, destined to be companions for our lone female sugar glider. At the same time, other members of our staff were shipping a young male golden lion tamarin by air to the Panama City Beach Zoo in Florida, to be paired with a female for breeding.

On Macaque Island, two of our aged Japanese macaques died, which reduced our current population down to six. With few Japanese macaques available in the United States, we have started the groundwork for acquiring an additional group from Japan—two males would come from one zoo and four females from another.

October was a busy month as well. First, we traded female threebanded armadillos with the Cleveland Zoo for breeding purposes. This was followed by the arrival of a female dwarf mongoose, Annie, to be a companion for our female. She came to us from the National Zoo in Washington, D.C. Unbeknownst to us at the time, she is a sister of our female, Oakley. This may partially explain why they seem to be so compatible with each other. At the end of the month, we sent our two hand-raised fennec fox brothers to the Wildlife Conservation Society/Bronx Zoo in New York, for breeding and educational programs.

Small Mammals The Small Mammal Section was quite busy with transfers in, transfers out, and unfortunately, deaths. January began on a somber note with the deaths of two monkeys. The first was our male douroucouli, or owl monkey, Jim How, at age 22 years of kidney disease. Our second loss was Esperanza, an 8-year-old female Callimico, or Goeldi’s monkey, due to congestive heart failure. Responding quickly, the Callimico SSP® identified a new female to be paired with Esperanza’s mate, Nino. In July, the new female,

In October, we lost our beloved 4-year-old black-footed cat, Josie, to kidney disease. It seems that this disease is more prevalent in some genetic lineages of this cat species than in others, and some die at a relatively young age. November saw the death of our female two-toed sloth, Sweet Pea. She was estimated to be 35 years old, came to the Zoo in 1982, proved herself to be a good mother, and was a special individual to all who worked with her. The year ended with the death of another dear friend, Starbuck, a straw-colored fruit bat. He was born here in 1996, hand-raised after being abandoned by his mother, and lived with his companion, Apollo. Starbuck helped educate our guests about the true nature and benefits of bats.

ANIMAL HEALTH & NUTRITION Animal Health Center The veterinary staff at the Animal Health Center manages the medical care, preventive health programs and the nutrition programs of the Zoo’s entire animal collection.

On average, each day of the year there were nine animals in the Animal Health Center. Many were those kept in quarantine before releasing them to the main zoological collection. These included a new male red panda, a female bonobo, two Humboldt penguins, two tawny frogmouths, four chestnut teals, an Oustalet’s chameleon, a royal ball python, and a Roti Island snake-necked turtle. During the quarantine exam, we found the turtle had formed eggs. It later laid the eggs, one of which hatched. Other hospital residents were being treated for a variety of illnesses, or held for shipment or management purposes. We also provided quarantine space for a new sea lion pup owned by Oceans of Fun. The sea lion pup used our special cold room with a pool. This enabled it to stay acclimated to cooler temperatures and practice swimming. Once acclimated to its new trainers, Oceans of Fun introduced a companion sea lion of about the same age, and the two resided in one of the hospital’s wards with a pool that easily accommodated both animals. The Animal Health Center is a renowned zoo veterinary medicine teaching hospital. Programs include two clinical zoo medicine residencies and a zoo pathology fellowship program funded by the Zoological Society. Both are conducted in collaboration with the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine. The three-year clinical residency program provides specialty training in zoo and exotic animal medicine. The residents alternate their time at the Zoo, and the program has expanded the time residents spend at the Zoo from four months a year to six months. This increases the amount of training they receive in a zoological

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The pathology fellowship is a three-year program that offers specialized training to pathologists interested specifically in zoo and exotic animal pathology, and provides us with information crucial to managing our collection. Our sixth pathology fellow, since the program’s 1997 inception, began in July following two years in a general pathology residency program at the University of Tennessee. The veterinary staff also conduct a Zoological Medicine Extern Program for veterinary students, spending between four to eight weeks at the Zoo. Three veterinary students completed the externship in 2013. Externs from the past 10 years are now serving as veterinarians at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Lincoln Park Zoo, Lowry Park Zoo and the Seattle Aquarium.

Animal Commissary

Some of the procedures performed in 2013 included: 402 anesthetic procedures; 616 blood samples collected for a variety of analyses; 1,171 parasite exams run on 583 samples; 1,809 written prescriptions; 276 radiographic procedures, including 6 CT scans; and 3,071 medical record entries for 553 individual animals representing 217 species.

setting. In 2013, we had two residents, one in her third and final year, and one that began her first year in July.

Almost the entire Animal Division participates in providing nutritional and appropriate feedings to our large and diverse animal collection. This ranges from tons of hay for our elephants each year to sips of microscopic brine-shrimp soup for our jellyfish. Most of these foodstuffs pass through the Animal Commissary, where the incoming items are tested and checked for quality, temporarily stored, and then distributed throughout the Zoo. Each animal or animal group requires a specific menu of items prepared and presented at appropriate locations and times of day. For example, in the Aviary kitchen more than 100 separate diet-mixture dishes are prepared daily for the birds. In 2013, more than 200 types of food were purchased with an annual food budget of $580,000. A few examples include: 225 tons of hay, 31,000 crickets, 5 tons of carrots, 4 tons of frozen herring, 10 tons of bananas, 6 tons of bear-diet pellets, almost 11 tons of beef feline-diet mix and more than 7,000 eggs.

SUPPORT OPERATIONS Animal Records Records have been kept for the tens of thousands of individual animals that have been managed in our collection since the Milwaukee County Zoo opened in 1892. Today, AZA-accredited zoos keep very detailed up-to-date records for each animal, telling its life story from birth to death. Identifying characteristics or marks, all background information, measurements, behavior, breeding management, enclosure information, behavioral enrichment, training, diet/feeding, development, and medical notes and procedures are included in the animal’s record. All of the information that the animal care staff observe is reported daily to the registrar, who records the information electronically in a database called Zoological Inventory Management System (ZIMS). In 2013, the Zoo added 15,101 entries into this database.

The Milwaukee County Zoo Library and Archive

The Zoological Inventory Management System is the largest global animal management network in the world. The central database contains information on 2.8 million animals—more than 10,000 species—held in more than 800 institutions in 80 countries, as well as some animals in the wild that are participants in release and relocation projects. More than 20,000 zoo, aquarium and conservation professionals worldwide use the information contained in ZIMS for conservation programs.

The library collection includes books and academic/scientific periodicals in the following subject areas: zoological science; animal husbandry; management of animals in captivity; animal behavior; animal nutrition; veterinary medicine; wildlife conservation; birds; fishes; invertebrates; mammals; reptiles and amphibians; aquarium management; aquatic life; horticulture; zoological gardens; history of zoological science; zoo administration; and zoo, aquarium and museum exhibits.

Animal medical information is vital to the care of the animal collection. The Medical Animal Records Keeping System, known as MedARKS, is used to create a detailed medical record for each animal, and includes clinical notes and information regarding prescriptions, treatments, cryo-preservation records and necropsy details.

Our Zoo has the largest collection of zoo ephemera in the United States. The library collects ephemeral materials from U.S. and foreign zoos and aquariums. The library also has a number of animal-themed artworks, including prints, sculptures and paintings.

Regulatory Agencies The Zoo partners with the USFWS, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the Milwaukee Area Domestic Animal Control Center and other agencies. We provide these agencies with expertise and assistance toward the conservation and protection of animals in the wild and in captivity.

The library archive preserves materials crucial to the history of the Milwaukee County Zoo and of zoos in the United States. These materials are housed in a climate-controlled environment for preservation purposes. The collection includes photos, slides, DVDs, VHS cassettes, 16mm films, historic postcards, personal papers, veterinary records and Zoo historical records on paper and microfiche.

2013 highlights:

The Zoo complies with regulations and permit requirements of international treaties, and national and state laws regarding animal conservation, management, care, health and safety. Examples of permits received by the Zoo in 2013 include:

• Completion of the campaign to professionally repair and conserve Ernest Untermann’s “African Waterhole” painting. From 1935 to 1940, Untermann was the director of our Zoo, located at the time in Washington Park. This painting is the only remaining example of Untermann’s artwork on Zoo grounds. Funds to conserve the painting included a grant from the Wisconsin Federation of Museums and private donations. The library displays this restored painting.

International: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species import permit (CITES) National: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Captive Bred Wildlife permit Migratory Bird Special Purpose permit Depredation permit Native Endangered Species Recovery permit U.S. Department of Agriculture Exhibitor permit Plant Pests, Noxious Weed, Soil Movement permit U.S. Department of the Interior Marine Mammal Protection Act permit

• Provided research assistance to students from Carroll University’s Behavioral Ecology course and hosted the poster session at which students shared the results of their research with staff and volunteers.

Conservation, Research and Propagation Programs In 2013, the Zoo managed and/or contributed to diverse conservation, research and propagation programs at local, regional, national and international levels. The senior animal staff, including specialty curators, staff veterinarians and the deputy Zoo director, develop, implement and manage these programs. Front-line staff also actively manage and participate in many of these programs. Collaborative efforts with other conservation-oriented institutions and agencies are essential to the effectiveness of these efforts.

State of Wisconsin: DNR Depredation permit (Canada goose and eggs) DATCP Johne’s Disease-Free Herd classification DATCP Chronic Wasting Disease-Free Herd classification

Library and Archive The Milwaukee County Zoo Library and Archive is a research library that provides information resources to staff of the Milwaukee County Zoo, the Zoological Society of Milwaukee, Zoo Pride volunteers and to the public. A professional librarian manages the library with assistance from a team of 15 Zoo Pride volunteers.

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In addition to the commitment of Zoo resources and the resources of collaborating institutions, significant funding came from Zoo trust funds and the Zoological Society.

Conservation and Research Program Collaborative Support The Zoo provides funding and/or staff support to selected conservation initiatives and research projects. Highlights for support in 2013 include: IUCN Conservation Breeding Specialist Group

Global

Panamanian Golden Frog SSP

Panama

Turtle Survival Program

Global

Whooping Crane Recovery Project

National

Polar Bears International

Pan-Arctic

AZA Elephant Welfare Project

National

International Elephant Foundation

Africa and Asia

Piping Plover Recovery Project

Great Lakes

International Rhino Foundation

Africa and Asia

Ornate Box Turtle Headstart Program

Wisconsin

Ape TAG Conservation Initiative

Africa and Asia

Butler’s Garter Snake Ecology

Wisconsin

Great Ape Survival Partnership

Africa and Asia

Herp Fund – WIDNR

Wisconsin

Phoenix Fund Amur Tiger Project

Russia

Migratory and Resident Avifauna Study

Zoo

International Snow Leopard Trust

Nepal

Starhead Topminnow Spawning Research

Zoo

Tree Kangaroo Conservation Program

Papua New Guinea

Mississippi Gopher Frog Management

Zoo

Orangutan Outreach

Borneo and Sumatra

Great Ape Heart Project

International

Hornbill Nestbox Adoption

Thailand

Milwaukee Ape Heart Project

Zoo

Fennec Fox Conservation Project

North Africa

Great Ape Cardiovascular Disease Study

Zoo

Bonobo and Congo Biodiversity Initiative

Democratic Republic of Congo

Great Ape Ultrasound Studies

Zoo

Lola Ya Bonobo – Bonobo sanctuary

Democratic Republic of Congo

Bonobo Cardiovascular Database

Zoo

Virunga Park Protection Project

Democratic Republic of Congo

Great Ape Cognition Studies

Zoo

Tarangire Elephant Project

Tanzania

Kibale Fuel Wood Project

Uganda

Berggorilla and Regenwald Direkthilfe Gorilla Project

Rwanda

Adopt an Ostrich Program/Sahara Conservation Fund

Niger

Elephants for Africa

Botswana

Cheetah Conservation

Botswana

Egyptian Vulture Migration Study

Djibouti

Great Apes Taxon Advisory Group

Madagascar Fauna Group

Madagascar

Great Apes Survival Partnership

Grenada Frog Study

Grenada

Grenada Bank Treeboa Study

Grenada

Grenada Coral Reef Study

Grenada

Leatherback Turtle Study – Ocean Spirits

Grenada

Rock Iguana Conservation

Jamaica

Rock Iguana Conservation

Grand Cayman

The Zoo also provides funding for collaborative conservation and research initiatives, including: Avian Scientific Advisory Group Penguin Taxon Advisory Group

International Species Inventory System AZA Wildlife Contraception Center Partners in Reptile and Amphibian Conservation

Black rhinoceros

Zoo Staff Conservation and Research Projects Zoo staff participate in wildlife conservation and research projects at local, regional and international levels. Many of the Zoo staff projects listed below were made possible with funding from the Zoological Society of Milwaukee.

Grenada Coral Reef Study In 2009, our research efforts in the Caribbean expanded to the surrounding ocean, as we joined the Wisconsin Lutheran College’s reef monitoring program in Grenada. The purpose of this project is to compare the long-term health of the coral reefs found in Grenada’s marine protected areas with other areas that receive no protection. We hope to demonstrate the economic benefits of protected areas to the tourist industry and fishing communities of Grenada. In June of 2013, data from the first four years of this project were presented by Wisconsin Lutheran College students at the meeting of the Association of Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean in Jamaica. This is the sixth year for this ongoing study. Fishermen have reported the fish caught just outside of the protected area’s boundary are larger and more numerous than in the past.

Grenada Frog Study The Grenada frog was once widespread on the island nation of Grenada. During the late 1880s, a related frog species, Johnstone’s frog, was introduced. Since that time, Johnstone’s frog has spread throughout the island and the Grenada frog has retreated to small isolated pockets (seven square miles) in the mountain rainforests. In 2004, the Zoo, the Milwaukee Public Museum, and the Grenada Forestry and National Parks Department initiated a field study to determine if these two species can successfully coexist. In February of 2009, we noted the numbers of frogs observed had dropped for a third consecutive year. As a result, frogs were sampled to determine if they were carrying the deadly frog-killing fungus called chytrid. Unfortunately, the fungus was found at all of the sampling sites. Chytrid could lead to the extinction of the Grenada frog. The Zoo and its collaborators began to develop a Conservation Action Plan for the frog in 2010. In 2011, it appeared that the frog populations in Grenada had stabilized and in 2012 they seemed to be rebounding. Data from 2013, however, seem to indicate that both frog species may be experiencing a second wave of decline. Continued monitoring is necessary to verify this observation.

Rock Iguana Conservation Projects The Zoo and the Zoological Society have supported rock iguana conservation in the genus Cyclura since 1995. In 2003, this support increased with the addition of fieldwork studies of the Grand Cayman blue iguana and Jamaican iguana.

number more than 200. The Jamaican iguana, once thought to be extinct in the wild, is still very much in peril. The Zoo has participated in the Grenada Bank treeboa fieldwork for these collaborative Photo by Craig Berg efforts, resulting in successful releases of captive-hatched, raised-and-released iguanas back into the wilds of Grand Cayman and Jamaica. Also, through observations and radio tracking, data have been collected for the first time on the habits of these rare species from both raised-and-released iguanas and free-ranging wild individuals. In 2013, the Zoo sent a zookeeper to survey blue iguanas on one of the Grand Cayman Islands. Additionally, a veterinary technician was sent to assist in the health screening of the iguanas. She has been assisting the veterinary staff of the Wildlife Conservation Society with iguana health screenings since 2009. More fieldwork is scheduled, and we’ll be sending additional staff to assist fieldworkers with nest monitoring and protection, health screenings, and radio tracking. Staff also assist with the maintenance of iguana raise-and-release facilities. Zoo personnel have been involved with Jamaican iguana conservation since 2002. During the nesting season, usually early June, wild iguanas are monitored at known nest sites. Nesting females are observed and individually identified. Once they have laid their clutch, the iguanas are captured for health screening. In early September, 95 days after nesting, the hatching season begins. Each newly hatched iguana is weighed, measured, sexed, transpondered, has blood collected, and is released or taken to Jamaica’s Hope Zoo for headstarting. In 2013, more than 300 hatchlings were processed, an increase of 30 percent from 2012.

Grenada Bank Treeboa Study Since 2004, the Zoo has been working with Bob Henderson (Milwaukee Public Museum Curator Emeritus) on a Grenada Bank treeboa demographics project. In 2010 we also began collaboration with E. Marie Rush, DVM, and St. George’s University, Grenada. Her project encompasses demographics, ecto- and endoparasite identification, and baseline blood parameters. Future studies also will include DNA analysis of pooled blood samples to identify subpopulations of the species.

Mississippi Gopher Frog Holding

Blue iguanas are one of the most endangered lizard species in the world. A 2003 census indicated there might have been as few as 12 Grand Cayman blue iguanas in the wild. Because of the efforts of several zoos, including ours, the population is now estimated to

The Mississippi gopher frog is the most endangered frog species in the country, only found in one pond. Population estimates range from 100 to 200 individuals. The Mississippi Gopher Frog SSP group sent out a plea for zoos to take and hold 20 to 25 frogs in

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order to make room for additional founders by SSP participants who breed the frogs. There were surpluses by the SSP and USFWS because one lab found the collection was riddled with a fungal disease (dermomycoides). Since that time, three other labs have found no indications of the disease. However, the positive result renders the animals, and their progeny, unfit for reintroduction.

Starhead Topminnow Breeding Starhead topminnows are an endangered fish species in Wisconsin. Although there have been a few cases of successful captive reproduction in the private sector, there are no reports of breeding in zoos or aquariums. Several pairs were collected in July 2007 with the intent of developing spawning techniques that could be used by the Wisconsin DNR should a captive breeding program become a necessity. One or two pairs have been collected each year since in order to maintain the genetic diversity of the Zoo’s captive population. Fishes from this program have been sent to the UEC and other aquariums and nature centers for display.

The SSP requested that institutions take on 20 to 25 frogs and hold them for six to 12 months until new homes were found. Because they are surplus to the program, these animals do not need to be kept in biosecure holding areas and could be exhibited or adopted by the receiving institution.

Piping Plover Recovery Project

These frogs were housed and cared for in quarantine in the Primates of the World building to ensure these animals were healthy before introducing them to our collection. Unfortunately, mycobacteria were discovered in the group here, so the remaining animals were euthanized.

Each year, our Zoo sends Aviary staff members to assist USFWS biologists in Michigan with the monitoring of active nests and the rearing of abandoned piping plover eggs and chicks. These eggs and chicks are brought in to the University of Michigan Biological Field Station and are hatched for re-release into the wild. These activities support the long-term commitment by the Zoo concerning the conservation of the piping plover.

Ornate Box Turtle Headstart Program In 2013, the Zoo raised 24 endangered ornate box turtles to be released into a wild prairie remnant in southcentral Wisconsin. In 1996 and 1997, the Zoo developed raise-and-release procedures for this highly successful program of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. During a single winter at the Zoo, these turtles may grow from a one-third ounce hatchling to as much as five ounces. In the wild, it may take as long as seven years to reach this size, at which time they are practically predator-proof.

The Great Lakes population of the piping plover was listed as endangered in 1986 with only 17 nesting pairs. Its decline is attributed to habitat loss and degradation due to the encroachment of humans on its nesting environment: beaches, inland lakes and rivers. Nest disturbance and predation, largely due to the presence of humans, also has contributed to the population’s steady decline. Zoo staff has participated in the development of captive husbandry protocols and designated research projects to benefit wild populations of the species.

The Racine Zoo also participates in this program, and the Nature Conservancy has adopted its protocols to help increase ornate box turtle populations in its Wisconsin reserves. As of June 2013, more than 1,000 turtles were released. Of these, our Zoo raised 336 turtles. This completes the last year for this program as DNR support is no longer available.

Butler’s Garter Snake Ecology Studies The Butler’s garter snake is a species restricted to southeastern Wisconsin, the most heavily developed portion of the state. In 2007, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources brought together developers, landowners, the Zoo and other conservation organizations to develop a management plan for this species. As a result of this plan and several years of intensive study, the Butler’s garter snake is slated for down listing from its status as a threatened species. However, the plan identified numerous gaps in our knowledge. As a result, the Zoo joined with Milwaukee’s Urban Ecology Center (UEC) at Riverside Park to seek answers to several questions. What is the dispersal distance of the snakes? What is the population density of the snakes in Riverside Park? How fast do they grow? These studies involve tracking, finding and capturing snakes and marking them for individual identification. Hundreds of hours were spent on this research in 2013. The Curator of Reptiles and Aquaria continues involvement in the program as scientific adviser for the UEC.

Piping plover

In 2010, there were more than 60 pairs of nesting plovers that produced 93 fledged wild chicks, and an additional 14 chicks were reared and released. In 2011, there were 58 nests that were occupied by 55 pairs of birds that fledged 71 chicks. There also were 16 chicks captive-raised and released from 30 eggs brought to the station and an additional six chicks that were assisted to fledging. In 2012, 64 nests were recorded, 58 breeding pairs (four more than 2011) that produced 193 chicks that hatched in the wild. Of these, 103 had fledged as of the last report, with another 25 still pending. Six chicks were captive-reared and released as well. In 2013, there were 76 nests, 66 breeding pairs that produced 223 eggs and 112 fledged chicks at last update, with 18 more potentially due to fledge. Also, nine chicks were captive-reared and released.

Migratory and Resident Avifauna Study Since 2001, Zoo staff and volunteers have continued to mist-net and leg-band wild birds on Zoo grounds to determine the numbers and species that use our grounds as a stopover site during migration. To date, the team has identified 181 species of native migratory birds. Of these identified species, 44 are listed as rare, threatened or of special concern in Wisconsin, and 45 have been identified as nesting on Zoo grounds. Because of these remarkable findings, the Wisconsin DNR has designated the Zoo as a recognized migratory bird stopover habitat. In addition, bird-banding demonstrations are conducted each year during the Zooâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s special conservation event, Party for the Planet, in which visitors can observe the banding process and actually release birds. In 2013, a hummingbird study began with hummingbird feeders being installed on the grounds.

Wild Bird Collision Abatement Zoo and Society staff plus volunteers are involved with minimizing the amount of injury and mortality associated with bird-window collisions by actively modifying existing structures to mitigate strikes. By applying stencils, striping, silhouettes and decals, as well as using netting and better planting practices, the number of birdrelated mortalities as a result of window collisions has decreased. In 2013, various materials were applied on selected windows at the Zoo to allow us to evaluate the appearance, effectiveness and durability of window-collision prevention measures.

Migratory Bird Support The Zoo and Society also are committed to educating the community about migratory birds by placing several different types of feeders throughout the Zoo, and planting native species of plants that provide cover and food for migratory birds. Bird feeders placed next to the Dall Sheep Exhibit, as well as next to the Peck Welcome Center boardwalk serve as examples of what people can do to help migratory birds in their own backyards. Nest boxes are placed around Lake Evinrude for bluebird, chickadee, house wren and tree swallow nesting. Chickadees and tree swallows have fledged from these boxes.

Whooping Crane Conservation The Zoo assists the International Crane Foundation (ICF) and USFWS with whooping crane recovery by acting as a medical care location for injured whooping cranes that were part of the release program. The Whooping Crane Recovery Program is responsible for bringing the number of wild cranes back from a low of 16 individuals in the 1940s, to a total of more than 500 individuals collectively in captivity and in the wild. The ICF uses donated funds to aid in the captive-rearing, release and management of wild cranes as well as developing new release techniques to bolster the existing population. The ICF also presents outreach programs to educate the public on the plight of the cranes as well as conducts studies on nontoxic alternatives to controlling sandhill crane depredation on crops. In 2006, a juvenile whooping crane with a broken wing had been deemed unreleasable by the USFWS. The crane, Torch, was received by the Zoo for veterinary care and display. An exhibit was created for Torch at our Wong Family Pheasantry to house this bird after the injury healed. Zoo patrons can learn his story as well as get the full history of the Crane Recovery Program through signage near his exhibit. In 2008, a juvenile female whooping crane, Tiki, was brought to the Zoo as a companion for Torch. Tiki hatched from an egg laid in the wild but artificially incubated. She was raised in Patuxent, Maryland, before traveling back to Necedah, Wisconsin, to be part of the Autumn Release Program. Injuries sustained from another crane during flight training rendered Tiki unreleasable. Tiki and Torch have been successfully introduced to each other, and we hope the pair may someday contribute to the captive breeding program either by breeding or serving as surrogate parents.

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Great Ape Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease The most common cause of mortality in captive great apes is enlargement of the left ventricle of the heart due to replacement of the normal heart muscle with fibrotic scar tissue. In humans, this change is most often related to hypertension, also known as high blood pressure. For years, the Zoo has been working at training bonobos for voluntary participation in allowing indirect blood pressure measurements to be collected from awake animals. Currently, several bonobos are allowing blood pressure measurements to be collected using finger cuffs. Our Zoo is the first to document hypertension in an awake animal and to prove that treatment with oral blood pressure medications results in lowering of blood pressure and lessening of heart enlargement. Our Zoo has been performing ultrasonic heart examinations on apes for more than 20 years and pioneered the use of ultrasonic heart examination in voluntarily participating apes. We performed the first awake echocardiograms in bonobos and have championed this technique, sharing videos with other zoos to encourage training bonobos under their care. Voluntary participation with the echocardiograms by the bonobos allows for earlier detection of heart disease, since animals don’t need to be anesthetized for the procedure. It also allows for better follow-up of bonobos with heart disease, and of those who are receiving medication as treatment.

Party for the Planet (left and right)

In 2012 and 2013, the Zoo and the Zoological Society provided funds for a zookeeper to learn more about the handling, restraint, hand-rearing and general husbandry practices used by a USFWS facility in Patuxent, Maryland; the world’s most successful breeder of whooping cranes.

The Bonobo Cardiovascular Database is housed at the Zoo and is an integral partner of the Great Ape Heart Project. The staff of the Bonobo Cardiovascular Database review and report on all bonobo echocardiograms performed in North America, and in 2013 received requests to review heart examinations from bonobos housed in Europe.

Humboldt Penguin Conservation and Research The Zoo has a long and storied history with the conservation of Humboldt penguins in their native range, which is restricted to the coasts of Peru and Chile. In 1994, the Zoo initiated a long-term research program to study a breeding colony of Humboldt penguins in Algarrobo, Chile. Several journal articles and publications related to this study and the captive management of penguins were completed in 2013.

Great Ape Research For many years, the Zoo has provided researchers with access to our great apes. Positive-reinforcement training by Zoo staff has resulted in the willing participation of our bonobos, gorillas and orangutans in groundbreaking studies regarding health, cognition, tool use and behavior. The apes can leave the research area whenever they wish, but almost always respond positively to attention, praise and the challenge of solving puzzles. In 2013, great ape research was conducted in collaboration with researchers from:

Milwaukee Ape Heart Project: Gene Analysis for ARVC in Bonobos Ape heart pathology studies conducted in 2013 identified arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) in a bonobo. In humans, ARVC can be inheritable and causes replacement of the normal heart muscle with fatty tissue in the right ventricle, leading to heart disease, fatal arrhythmias and early death. We are working with Dr. Matteo Vatta, Director of the Cardiovascular Genetics Section of the Molecular Genetics Diagnostic Laboratory at Indiana University, to search this bonobo’s DNA for potential genetic mutations known to cause this heart condition in humans and other animals. Genetic analysis is currently under way. If genetic mutations are identified in this bonobo, a genetic founder of the captive population, its offspring and other founders also will be screened for these genes.

• University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin • Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany • Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium • University of St. Andrews, Scotland, UK • Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany • Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana • Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia • Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia • Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

Additional Conservation Efforts There are numerous examples of Zoo staff, Zoological Society staff, Zoo Pride volunteers and other associates working outside their normal duties to voluntarily support conservation efforts around the world. A few examples from 2013:

Animal Awareness Days – Wolf and Elephant

Orangutan Conservation Fundraiser

Two zookeeper-driven events were held at the Zoo in 2013 to showcase their species and educate the public on captive care as well as conservation needs in the wild. Zoo staff and Zoo Pride volunteers helped with the events. Elephant Awareness Day was held Sept. 15 and Wolf Awareness Day on Oct. 13. Both events included activities and opportunities for behind-the-scene tours of the facilities, zookeeper talks and the distribution of materials on related conservation organizations. Visitors were encouraged to conserve these species, and to learn about the other species and the ecosystems that are important to sustain wild populations. Funds raised at Elephant Awareness Day were donated to the International Elephant Foundation and Elephants for Africa.

In 2013, two Zoo events, public donations and the Zoo conservation fund all contributed to support orangutan conservation. Missing Orangutan Mothers (MOM) is a very popular annual event held in the Primates of the World building that focuses on the plight of orangutans in the wild. These funds for orangutan conservation were donated to Orangutan Outreach.

In-house Luncheon Fundraisers – Rhino and Gorilla In 2013, there were two Zoo-wide luncheon fundraisers—Cinco de Rhino and Grillin’ for Gorillas. Staff and volunteers donated food items for these in-house luncheons. Tickets were sold to staff and volunteers, and funds raised by the luncheons were matched by Zoo conservation funds, and all proceeds were donated to the International Rhino Foundation and the Virunga Park Protection Project.

Polar Bears International Arctic Ambassador Since 2008, the Zoo has been an Arctic Ambassador Center for Polar Bears International (PBI). In 2013, Zoo employees were involved in several greenhouse gas reduction programs to help save “the great white bear” from extinction. As winners of the nationwide Bike Commute Challenge, eight staff members rode their bikes nearly 450 miles over the course of the summer. Zoo employees and volunteers raised funds for PBI’s Trees for You and Me program. Additionally, 200 new trees were planted by volunteers and visitors on the grounds as part of PBI’s Acres for the Atmosphere project and the Zoo cohosted the second annual Cycle for Change bike ride from Chicago to Milwaukee. In October, one of our zookeepers spent two weeks in Churchill, Canada, as a PBI In-Field Ambassador to educate tourists about reducing their carbon footprint.

American Association of Zookeepers/Milwaukee Chapter The mission of the American Association of Zookeepers (AAZK) is to advance excellence in the animal-keeping profession, foster effective communication beneficial to animal care, support deserving conservation projects and promote the preservation of our natural resources and animal life. Zookeepers at the Zoo established the Milwaukee AAZK Chapter (MAAZK) in 1975. Currently the MAAZK chapter includes members from both the Milwaukee County Zoo and the Racine Zoo. Officers and members volunteer time to oversee fundraising events, many of which take place on Zoo grounds. In addition, the MAAZK chapter hosts the Zoo’s in-house Lunchtime Lecture series. In 2013, the MAAZK chapter conducted several fundraising events and donated the monies raised to conservation projects and organizations, including: • • • • • • •

Timber wolf

Jamaica Iguana Foundation Trees for You and Me Cycle for Change Bike Ride Conservation Canine Program Lewa Conservancy Actions for Cheetahs International Rhino Foundation

Photo by Richard Brodzeller

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Other Research and Studies The Zoo assists in many scientific studies and collaborative research projects by providing facilities, staff expertise, data and an environment conducive to animal studies. The Zoo Research Committee reviews all research proposals to ensure the welfare of the animals is protected. Studies that the Zoo conducted, collaborated with, participated in or that were published in 2013 include: • Grenada frog observations in the field and captivity: conservation implications • Gene analysis in a bonobo with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy • Cognition in bonobos as it relates to human cognition • Measurements of hormone levels for reproductive management of hippos • Fetal brain development in bonobos and humans: an ultrasonographic study • Age-related changes in thyroid hormone levels of bonobos • Evidence of philopatry and natal dispersal in Humboldt penguins • Using science to understand zoo elephant welfare • Metacestode infection in a juvenile Bornean orangutan • Laterality in noncommunicative behaviors in captive bonobos • Nutrient loading from hippos and their effect on river ecosystem function • Comparing chimpanzee and bonobo communication and neurobiology • Conservation genetics of African and Asian rhinoceroses • Immunocontraception of female ovids and caprids • Differentiating notch marks made on bones by hyenas from those made by humans • Compressive myelopathy and bladder atony in a male snow leopard • Artificial burrows to improve the breeding success of Humboldt penguins in Chile • Evaluating the conservation value of worldwide zoological institutions • Histological evaluation of tree kangaroo reproductive tissues The Zoo also maintains a storage library of frozen or preserved blood, biopsy tissue and necropsy tissue samples, all of which are available for approved research projects upon request.

Presentations/Publications The Animal Division staff deliver more than 1,000 formal presentations and innumerable informal presentations to the visiting public every year. In addition, Zoo staff develop programs, publish articles and research papers, and deliver presentations locally, regionally and internationally to contribute to conservation efforts.

Western lowland gorilla

Cooperative Animal Management Programs The Zoo cooperates with all members of the AZA to enhance the survival of endangered species in our collections and in the wild. This is done through SSP Programs. Groups of scientists and collaborating experts develop breeding plans to help protect the genetic variations of each of these species. Collaborative programs also are developed with range countries to assist in conservation of these animals and their habitats in the wild. The Zoo also participates in AZA Species Studbooks to manage the propagation and reduce the inbreeding of zoo animal populations, and AZA Taxon Advisory Groups (TAGs) to develop strategies for the long-term management of animal groups. The Zoo collaborates with all of the Species Studbooks, SSPs and TAGs appropriate for our animal collection, which include:

Species Studbooks Barbet, Bearded Boa, Virgin Islands (Caya Diablo) Boa, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas) Cichlid, Lake Victoria – Ishameli Cichlid, Lake Victoria – Melanopterus

Hornbill, Great Iguana, Grand Cayman Blue Iguana, Jamaican Monkey, Diana Moose

Peafowl, Congo Penguin, Long-Crested Rockhopper Tapir, Baird’s (Central American) Tapir, Malayan (Asian)

Species Survival Plan Programs Alligator, Chinese Aracari, Green Bat, Straw-Colored Fruit Bear, Polar Bluebird, Fairy Bongo, Eastern Bonobo Callimico Cat, Black-Footed Cheetah Cichlid, Lake Victoria Colobus, Angolan Colobus, Guereza Dikkop, Spotted Dove, Black-Naped Fruit Eland, Common Elephant Flamingo, Caribbean Fox, Fennec Frogmouth, Tawny Gazelle, Addra Giraffe, Reticulated & Rothschild Gorilla, Western Lowland Heron, Boat-Billed Hippopotamus Hornbill, Rhinoceros Hyena, Spotted Ibis, Scarlet Ibis, Waldrapp Jaguar Jay, Plush Crested

Kangaroo, Red Kingfisher, Micronesian Kookaburra, Laughing Kudu, Greater Laughing Thrush, White-Crested Lemur, Black and White Ruffed Lemur, Mongoose Lemur, Red Ruffed Lemur, Ring-Tailed Leopard, Snow Lion Macaque, Japanese Mandrill Monkey, DeBrazza’s Moose Motmot, Blue Crowned Mynah, Bali Orangutan, Bornean Orangutan, Sumatran Panda, Red Penguin, Gentoo Penguin, Humboldt Penguin, Short-Crested Rockhopper Pigeon, Green-Naped Pheasant Pigeon, Nicobar Pigeon, Victoria-Crowned Rail, Guam Rattlesnake, Aruba Island Rattlesnake, Eastern Massasauga Rhea, Greater Rhinoceros, Eastern Black

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Roller, Blue-Bellied Screamer, Crested Sea Lion, California Seal, Harbor Siamang Spider Monkey, Central American Spider Monkey, Robust Black Spoonbill, African Starling, Golden-Breasted Stilt, Black-Necked Stork, Abdim’s (White-Bellied) Stork, Marabou Sunbittern Tamarin, Cotton-Top Tamarin, Golden Lion Tamarin, Golden-Headed Lion Tanager, Turquoise Teal, Marbled Tern, Inca Tiger, Amur Tiger, Generic Tiger, Malayan Tiger, Sumatran Toad, Puerto Rican Crested Tree Kangaroo, Matschie’s Turaco, Violaceous Vulture, King Warthog Weaver, White-Headed Buffalo Zebra, Grevy’s Zebra, Plains

Taxon Advisory Groups Amphibian Antelope and Giraffe Ape Aquatic Invertebrate Bat Bear Bison, Buffalo, Cattle Canid and Hyaenid Caprinae Charadriiformes Chelonian Ciconiiformes Phoenicopteriformes Columbiformes Coraciiformes Crocodilian

Deer (Cervid/Tragulid) Elephant Equid Felid Freshwater Fishes Galliformes Gruiformes Lizard Marine Fishes Marine Mammal Marsupial and Monotreme New World Primate Old World Monkey PACCT (Passerines) Pangolin, Aardvark, Xenarthra Parrot

Penguin Piciformes Prosimian Raptor Ratite and Tinamiformes Rhinoceros Rodent, Insectivore, Lagomorph Small Carnivore Snake Tapir Terrestrial Invertebrate Turaco and Cuckoo Wild Pig, Peccary and Hippo

Hippopotamus

• Reviewer – Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Diseases • Behavioral Husbandry Committee – American Association of Zookeepers • Executive Committee – Association of Zoo Veterinary Technicians • Research Advisory Committee – Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake • Education Committee – Elephant Managers Association • Enrichment Committee – Elephant Managers Association • Ethics Committee – Association of Zoo Veterinary Technicians • Grants Committee – Association of Zoo Veterinary Technicians, National American Association of Zookeepers • Conservation Committee – National American Association of Zookeepers • Animal Welfare Committee – Liaison between National AAZK and AZA • Outreach Coordinator – Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake SSP • Partner – Seafood Watch Program

Professional Program Management Zoo staff members hold management positions in national and international programs through the AZA and other conservation entities. These management positions include: • President – Academy of Veterinary Zoological Medicine Technicians • Director – Milwaukee Ape Heart Project • Manager – Bonobo Cardiovascular Database • Board of Directors – International Rhino Keeper Association • Chair & Co-chair – Humboldt Penguin SSP • Veterinary Adviser – Bonobo SSP, Ape TAG, Humboldt penguin SSP, Penguin TAG • Academy of Veterinary Zoological Medicine Technicians Examination Committee • Vice-chair – AZA Annual Conference Program Committee • Management Group – Bonobo SSP • Steering Committee – Institution Data Management Adviser Group, Freshwater Fish TAG, Lake Victoria Cichlid SSP, Great Ape Heart Project, Ape TAG, Penguin TAG • SSP Coordinator/Studbook Keeper/Point Person – Red Kangaroo, Yellow-Backed Duiker, Short-Crested Rockhopper, Long-Crested Rockhopper, Tayra, Striped Skunk, Canada Lynx • Zookeeper Adviser – Bonobo SSP • Scientific Advisory Board – Urban Ecology Center • Animal Care Manual Team – Bonobo • Accreditation Inspectors – Association of Zoos and Aquariums • Program Manager – American College of Zoological Medicine Residency Program • Co-editor – American Association of Zookeepers Animal Keeper Forum

In addition, members of the Zoo staff are officers of the Milwaukee Chapter of the AAZK.

Facilities and Improvements A considerable number of animal area infrastructure projects was completed in 2013. Most of these are not noticed by the public, but are critical for the continued operation of the Zoo and the well-being of the animal collection. The projects included: animal life-support systems, heating, ventilating, electrical and plumbing upgrades, roof replacements and other behind-the-scenes renovations.

Amur tiger Photo by Richard Brodzeller

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Administration and Finance quarters of 2013 to improve language consistency and accountability. Internal controls continue to be strengthened as processes are reviewed and enhancements are implemented.

Background and 2013 Review This division oversees the following: Cash Management, Financial and Capital Project Planning, Accounts Payable and Receivable, General Office Services (including coordination of security, emergency medical support, reception and switchboard, radio dispatch and clerical support), Information Technology, Program and Audience Evaluation and Research Services, the Zoo’s Green and Guest Experience committees, Zoo-wide Performance Measures, Human Resources, and Employee Safety and Training.

Accounting (Accounts Payable and Receivable) Accounts Payable and Receivable processed contracts, purchasing requisitions and receipts; monitored the credit card system; reviewed sales documentation; prepared invoices; tracked accounts receivable; and entered financial transactions into the general ledger. During the year, significant effort continued toward improving utilization of the automated purchasing function in the point-of-sale system. Accounting staff have been instrumental in identifying discrepancies and assisting with problem resolution. Effective coordination of travel requests and expenditures continue to help the Zoo control these costs. The Fiscal Assistant 1 position was filled in 2013 to improve monitoring of inventory transactions and values.

The Zoo ended the year with a total operating budget of $23,682,505 of which 74% or $17,617,439 was generated from revenues and 26% or $6,065,066 from property tax levy support. Although overall revenues were behind budget by $2,700,031, revenues from parking fees, rental income and catering increased a total of $150,000 over budget and expenditure savings were $1,579,059 for a net shortfall of $1,120,972. The Zoo’s trust funds ended with an increase of $27,071 to the fund balances. New for 2013, two hurricane machines were added to help raise additional funds for conservation. A total of $5,272 was received net of fees and recorded in the Zoo’s trust fund, which will be earmarked to match staff efforts for conservation projects.

General Office Services The Zoo operates a two-channel ultra-high frequency (UHF) system on the Zoo grounds used by staff for communications and coordination. This system helps Zoo personnel coordinate operations, maintenance and animal care. The system has its own backup power supply to provide continued communications in the event of power failure. All Zoo-wide radios are programmed to operate on the system’s primary channels, and on the fall-back channels and the state and national interoperability repeater channels (as defined by Homeland Security) in the event of a system loss. In 2013, all radio equipment was narrow banded or replaced to meet Federal Communication Commission (FCC) requirements for very high frequency (VHF) and UHF licenses.

Cash Management This section’s responsibilities include reconciliation of cash receipts to our point-of-sale system; preparation of the bank deposits; preparation of cash register starting banks and daily support of the cashiers for change and deposits of funds; processing of contract ride revenues; and imPo lar bea proved monitoring of cashier discrepancies. Since r September, our Fiscal Assistant 1 in the Cash Room has temporarily taken over for our lead staff person until the position is filled in 2014. The Zoo’s Accountant 2 also assisted with coverage for the Cash Room.

Financial and Capital Project Planning and Control This section involves coordination of the budget process. Balancing the budget is challenging when funding is limited, while service, as well as entertainment values, are expected to be maintained, and new revenue sources are explored and priorities re-evaluated. Financial reporting and analysis continued to be performed on a daily, monthly and annual basis, with comparisons to the 2013 budget as well as to previous years. Revenue-sharing contracts were improved to enhance vendor accountability. The review of the Zoo’s revenue contracts started in 2012 through the first two

Also in 2013, a new emergency broadcast system was installed for the purpose of informing the public and employees of severe weather and Zoo emergencies.

Information Technology (IT) Information Technology functions were provided by Zoo staff, Milwaukee County’s Department of Administration—Information Management Services Division (IMSD) and outside consultants. The Zoo IT Support position reports through IMSD but directly supports the Zoo. The Zoo has continued to partner with a variety

of IMSD technical staff resources to assist primarily with connectivity, the point-of-sale, inventory and event management systems. Personnel from IMSD helped control the Zoo’s expenses by troubleshooting most register issues for the system on-site, rather than contracting with an outside vendor.

The GEC is coordinated by the Zoo’s Program/Audience Evaluation Specialist and consists of staff from each Zoo division working in concert with staff of the Zoological Society—allowing the GEC to think cross-institutionally about the features and impacts of the issues addressed.

The Zoo IT Support position has allowed for continued improvement in preparation, usage and monitoring of financial information through point-of-sale and Milwaukee County financial systems. Usage of the Internet Supply Store was enhanced for the Commissary, and inventory modifications continue for the Stockroom and resale items.

Using feedback from guests and input from staff, the committee determines what barriers negatively affect a Zoo visit and how they can be mitigated. It also identifies factors of an impactful Zoo experience and considers ways to include those factors in everyday operations.

Staff attended the annual point-of-sale conference during the fall, allowing for both networking opportunities as well as a greater understanding of the system.

Program/Audience Evaluation and Research Services This section consists of the Program/ Audience Evaluation Specialist; a position created in the 2013 fiscal year and filled in April 2013. The main focus is to investigate Zoo visitors’ experiences via research studies. This includes designing studies, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting results for studies researching aspects of a Zoo visit. These entail exhibit content, programming and special events. It also encompasses ongoing annual research such as the exit poll, and other studies as requested from all Zoo divisions.

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Green Committee The Zoo has implemented recycling programs and conservation-minded projects for many years. Recycling efforts include cell phones, printer cartridges, aluminum cans, light bulbs, food and motor oils, scrap metals, restaurant cups, plastic bottles, paper and coffee grinds. The Zoo’s energy-savings program of upgraded electrical, natural gas, water and sewer infrastructure continues to produce savings in utilities. The Zoo also has used green-friendly practices in building construction and other projects. The Green Committee members consist of staff from each division to allow for input and collaboration with all Zoo areas.

This section also works to collect information from guests and staff as Ph necessary for the master planning process, ot o by and other studies with internal stakeholders Su vi S . To ry such as Zoo staff, Zoological Society staff and volunteers. The Program/Audience Evaluation Specialist coordinates the Guest Experience Committee (GEC) and assists in collecting and reporting performance measures set for the divisions.

Human Resources

Findings are shared both internally and externally where appropriate, including compiling and submitting information to grantors/ funders. This position also connects with researchers at other institutions to ensure that the Zoo aligns with other free-choice learning institutions (zoos, museums, science centers).

The goal of the GEC is to improve the overall experience of the Zoo visit. This encompasses topics, such as customer service, interdepartmental communication, amenities and offered experiences.

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The Human Resources Section consists of the Human Resources Coordinator, Administrative Specialist and a seasonal assistant. Responsibilities include coordinating and performing a variety of technical and professional personnel-related tasks. General duties performed entail managing the payroll and human resources function to include grievance handling, recruitment, promotion, training, disciplinary actions, transfers, employee benefits and departmental diversity issues. Also, the Human Resources Coordinator represents the Zoo as part of committees, appeal boards and meetings, and hearings related to various personnel issues.

Guest Experience Committee (GEC)

In 2013, the committee initiated an employee recognition program titled the Sharing Thanks and Rewards (STAR) program. This program allowed department supervisors to highlight instances in which a staff member exceeded expectations to enhance the experience of Zoo guests. Between Memorial Day and Labor Day weekends, 118 Zoo staff members were recognized through the program, with a total of 181 STAR cards awarded.

Highlights from 2013 include:

Diversity Committee The Diversity Committee is a group formed within the parameters of the Human Resources Section with a primary function of providing opportunities for better understanding of civil rights by Zoo personnel.

• Participated in Milwaukee County job fairs to ensure a diverse workforce • Worked with the Milwaukee County Department of Human Resources to process applications and hire zooworkers and family farm attendants

The committee consists of seven representatives from various divisions who annually make recommendations concerning equal opportunities for all employees regardless of race, color, sex, sexual orientation, religion, national origin, age, handicap and other nonmerit factors.

• Worked with the Milwaukee County Department of Human Resources to enable the Zoo to advertise current “hot jobs” on the county website • Assisted in hiring seven individuals for full-time Zoo employment

The committee acts as a resource for all Zoo staff by providing information and addressing particular concerns or complaints. Members attend quarterly training sessions that emphasize diversity-related issues in the workplace. Committee members also provide outreach through activities that promote diversity in the workplace.

• Worked with the Milwaukee County Department of Human Resources to inform, train and provide guidance to Zoo employees regarding Milwaukee County’s time and attendance, payroll, benefits and recruitment system

Safety and Training The Safety and Training Section is comprised of the Safety and Training Specialist and a seasonal training assistant. This section is responsible for instructing Zoo employees in regulatory compliance, customer service, security, and emergency response programming and training. The section also is responsible for maintaining first aid kits, fire extinguishers and emergency chemical exposure stations. In addition, assessing workplace hazards, developing safe work practices and assigning proper personal protective equipment are tasks assigned to this section. This section also coordinates and provides identification badges and distributes employee uniforms, and conducts annual seasonal orientations, informing Zoo seasonal staff of workplace policies and procedures. The section performs routine hazardous waste removal and storage, and identification audits to ensure compliance with state and federal regulations. Material safety data sheets (MSDS) management, pesticide usage reports and annual Tier II reports are processed and completed by this section. The Safety and Training Specialist and the assistant are responsible for accident investigation and on-site security system maintenance, along with Zoo access control and surveillance programming. State and federal compliance regulations mandate the annual safety training programming conducted by this section. In addition to required programming, the Safety and Training Section continues to promote the annual Employee Safety and Health Fair. The following topics were presented at the 2013 fair: Emergency Response and Drills, Hazardous Communication, Confined Space Awareness, Live Fire Extinguisher Training, Electrical Safety, Zoonosis, Cutting Safety, Power Tool Safety, Blood Borne Pathogens, Active Shooter Drill, Risk Management/Accident Statistics, Stress Reduction, Self Defense and Golf Cart Training. Spider monkey Photo by Suvi S. Tory

Public Affairs and Services The Public Affairs and Services Division consists of four sections: Group Sales, Public Relations, Special Events and Special Programs. In addition to these areas, the division is responsible for the overall marketing, promotion and advertising of the Zoo. The staff includes a division director, four coordinators, four full-time staff and approximately 50 seasonal zooworkers.

for guests 55 and over. Wheaton Franciscan Senior Health helps to sponsor the event and presents many health and wellness screenings, all with the needs of seniors in mind. Guests also enjoyed complimentary ice cream, talks by master gardeners and a special fun walk coordinated by the Wisconsin Senior Olympics. Attendance: 9,751

Group Sales The Zoo’s Group Sales Section manages more than 600 events annually. These events include a mix of corporate, nonprofit and private events held throughout Zoo grounds. Groups can enjoy the entire Zoo grounds when the park is rented exclusively for an after-hours event.

Family Farm Weekend – Sept. 7-8 Each year, the Zoo comes alive with fall fun as we highlight Wisconsin’s rich farming heritage at Family Farm Weekend, sponsored in part by the Wisconsin Milk Marketing Board. The weekend’s highlight is the children’s pedal tractor-pull contest, taking place with other harvest activities in the Zoo’s Northwestern Mutual Family Farm. New this year, the event featured a very popular milk chugging contest and a special craft fair featuring wares by our very own Zoo Pride volunteers. Attendance: 5,872

Events can be held during any month of the year, and may include a building rental such as the Peck Welcome Center or Zoofari Conference Center, which are ideal for the corporate daytime meeting, after-hours party or wedding reception. An outdoor picnic site can host groups of 50 to 5,000, and offers a unique scenic backdrop within our park-like setting. The Zoo’s Group Sales Section also is responsible for children’s birthday parties, group tours and advanced consignment ticket sales that are sold and distributed throughout Wisconsin. These events and ticket sales continue to have a positive financial impact on the Zoo’s fiscal revenue and attendance budget.

Special Events Each year, the Public Affairs and Services Division coordinates more than 16 special events held on Zoo grounds, drawing more than 167,000 visitors. Here are a few highlights from the year:

Special Programs The Special Programs Section of the Zoo is responsible for overseeing these areas: Supercuts Oceans of Fun Seal and Sea Lion Show, our temporary summer special exhibits and audiovisual services. In addition, this section works directly with the Zoological Society, serving as a liaison for all society events taking place at the Zoo. Following are the 2013 highlights:

Samson Stomp & Romp – Jan. 20 This annual winter run at the Zoo attracts participants from throughout the state, and 2013 was no different. Sponsored by Amica Insurance, the Samson Stomp & Romp offered a variety of race distances from which to choose, and walkers also were welcome to participate. This year, we were proud to mark an all-time record for number of participants in the 5K run. All proceeds from the races benefited the animal collection, with an emphasis on the relatives of Samson, our western lowland gorilla who died in 1981 at the age of 32. Attendance: 2,200

• The Supercuts Oceans of Fun Seal and Sea Lion Show is a 20-minute presentation sponsored by Supercuts, which entertains and educates visitors about seals and sea lions through a live animal show. The shows generated more than $142,200 in revenue for the year, and welcomed 60,743 visitors. • Also during the summer, the Zoo hosted the exhibit Sting Ray & Shark Bay, sponsored by Sendik’s Food Markets. The popular exhibit was displayed May 25 through Sept. 2, and featured a variety of harmless sting rays and sharks that visitors could touch. More than 211,000 visitors got up close with these intriguing animals during the exhibit’s run. The Special Programs Section coordinated and supervised staff for the exhibit.

Scouting the Zoo – June 1-2 Each year during the first weekend in June, the Zoo hosts hundreds of Boy Scouts for an overnight event as a way to highlight the importance of conservation. The Milwaukee County Council of Boy Scouts participates in the event, and offers visitors a chance to see the scouts in action—demonstrating the many ways to use our resources for the good of our natural world. Attendance: 16,273

• The Special Programs Section continued its partnership with the Zoological Society, serving as a liaison to facilitate all of the society’s events that took place on Zoo grounds. This partnership serves to strengthen the overall relationship between the Zoo and the Zoological Society. • Finally, Zoo operations were enhanced by the efforts of the Audiovisual Section. Areas served included: the Animal Division, Public Relations, Group Sales and Special Events. Photos, videos and visual presentations were used for newspaper and

Senior Celebration – Aug. 30 Seniors are the stars of this popular annual event as the Zoo offers a variety of outreach activities, entertainment and presentations

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magazine articles, animal identification, Zoo website, marketing and promotional campaigns, collateral pieces and the audiovisual needs for Group Sales clients.

Media Relations In 2013, the Zoo received positive media coverage from broadcast, print and electronic media outlets. Following are a few media highlights from 2013: • We received positive media coverage for our summer exhibit Sting Ray & Shark Bay, through a variety of mediums: both broadcast and print covered the exhibit, many of these features allowed reporters and broadcasters to actually get into the exhibit pool with the animals, making for interactive and exciting segments! • The Zoo was regularly featured on many of the morning news programs, including “Real Milwaukee” on FOX6 and Channel 12 News This Morning. Topics included our two Halloween events Boo at the Zoo and Halloween Spooktacular, and both of our animal appreciation days Elephant Awareness Day and Wolf Awareness Day. • Our Oceans of Fun Seal and Sea Lion Show was involved in a unique occurrence, adopting an orphaned sea lion pup from the coast of California. Nalu, a male pup, was part of an Unusual Mortality Event, or UME, a declaration named so by the National Marine Fishery Service for an unusually high number of abandonments of a species. Traveling to Milwaukee by Fed/Ex plane, Nalu received local and national media coverage, as this was a first-time UME adoption for Oceans of Fun. • Throughout 2013, new animal additions, including the Zoo’s two male jaguar cubs, and a potto born in our Small Mammals section, were featured in the AZA magazine Connect. This monthly member publication serves the zoo and aquarium professional community. In February, we announced a special naming contest for the cubs, garnering additional media attention. • The Zoo’s new animal births, acquisitions and special events continued to be promoted on the website as well as our social media outlets, which include Facebook and Twitter. As of the year ending December 2013, the Zoo had 13,086 followers on Facebook.

Samson Stomp & Romp

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• Maintaining, training, scheduling and motivating all Merchandise employees

Operations 2013 Highlights:

Under the Merchandise Section, revenue is generated through gift shop sales, face painting, temporary tattoos, ropes courses, zip line, entrance photos, remote gift shops and online sales.

The Zoo’s Operations Department consists of the following divisions: Merchandising/Gift Shops, Visitor Services, Concessions and Catering, Grounds and Horticulture, Maintenance and Trades, Custodial, and Time and Material/Major Maintenance/Capital Project Construction Management.

2013 highlights: • Implemented an online store selling gift cards and gift shop items

Visitor Services This section meets and greets guests upon entering the Zoo, providing them with information that is essential to their visit. In 2013, the Visitor Services staff admitted more than 1.2 million Zoo visitors. This section’s responsibilities include: collecting fees for admission and parking, and operating the miniature train, carousel, zoomobile, stroller rentals, sky safari, dog kennels and the mold-a-rama machines. The Visitor Services Division is comprised of two full-time managers, two full-time engineers, one full-time engineer/welder and more than 60 seasonal employees.

• Worked with the Grand Avenue Mall for a remote Christmas location • Retained 75 percent of the workforce from 2012 • Assisted with Concessions staffing, sales and food production • Generated record sales of more than $100,000 at hat shop and sidewalk sale • Generated sales of $45,000 with addition of a retro candy shop

2013 highlights: • Added a full-time train engineer, welder and heavy equipment operator

• Assisted in record sales for entrance photos, face painting and temporary tattoos

• Constructed a ballast car, which drops gravel along the railroad tracks

• Continued to work with children and adults with cognitive disabilities, which has been beneficial to job training and motivation

• Partnered with the Grand Avenue Club, which assists individuals with special needs to enter the workforce and increases their level of self-esteem and independence

Grounds and Horticulture In 2013, this section took advantage of very little snow cover in January, removing invasive buckthorn and honeysuckle behind Lake Evinrude for future plantings of evergreen and deciduous trees. With Zoo accreditation approaching, the Primate building interior plantings received a thorough review, including washing of the large panes of glass near the waterfall to improve natural light.

• Staffed every event that occurs during regular Zoo hours or after-hours events in conjunction with Group Sales, Public Affairs and Services, Education and Zoological Society departments

Merchandising/Gift Shops

In spring, the aesthetic and visual background for the sting ray exhibit was created. Summer projects included special attention to watering following last summer’s drought, renovation of the landscaping at the outflow of the upper Aviary pond, and improving drainage, erosion controls and plantings at the giraffe and drive-in rain gardens. A plan for emerald ash borer control was instituted by the arborist and crew.

The Merchandising Section is part of the revenue-generating Operations Department of the Zoo. The section consists of one full-time manager and 40 to 60 seasonal employees. Staff are responsible for all merchandising efforts, which include: • Networking with other zoos to find items for resale that reflect our mission statement • Following trends for resale items that will not only educate but also appeal to our clientele

To complete the year, this section helped prepare the grounds for Halloween events and addressed the rush of leaf clearing amidst an early onset of winter, all while planning a new design for the Breakfast with Santa photo area, and partnering with the Milwaukee County Nursery to choose a 16-foot spruce tree for the U.S. Bank Gathering Place, the largest tree at the Zoo in our collective memory.

• Purchasing resale items, working with vendors for products, low costs and freight charges • Tracking stock from the time that it arrives at the Zoo by receiving and transferring • Accounting for all monies in stock items and sales transactions

Concessions and Catering

• Working with contractors to maximize untraditional revenue resources through revenue share contracts

The Concessions and Catering operation provides our guests with a variety of food, beverages and snacks. The diverse staff numbers

• Continuous improvements are being made regarding health and safety issues, and concerns with irreversible corrective action being implemented when a problem does arise.

upwards of 145 associates and two full-time Food Service Managers. The operation has nine permanent concession facilities, four popcorn wagons, 45 vending machines, six beverage and snack kiosks, and a fresh-squeezed lemonade stand.

• Energy conservation improvements are being implemented that truly save money, such as the numerous lighting upgrades to LED light bulbs. The annual energy savings from a traditional 70 watt halogen light bulb to a 13 watt LED bulb that produces the same amount of light, with a much-enhanced light bulb life, results in an upgrade of 40,000 hours versus 1,700 hours.

2013 highlights: • Replaced the dairy kiosk with a fresh-squeezed lemonade stand. This change directly resulted in an increase in revenue of $20,435 and lowered our operating and product cost. • Replaced the Sea Lion Concession Stand with Showstoppers Subs. The sub shop provides guests with a healthy food choice, which resulted in a revenue increase of $18,996 over 2012.

2013 construction project highlights: • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• In a continued effort to provide both additional and healthier options to our guests, the Family Farm Stand increased its menu options, adding natural and healthy products. This area also used the Zoo’s herb garden to create their menu, resulting in an increase in revenue of 8 percent or $5,286. • The Catering team worked in conjunction with Group Sales to increase the number of picnics serviced. In 2013, revenue increased by 31 percent or $49,059.

Maintenance and Trades A considerable amount of infrastructure work is completed each year by the Maintenance and Trades Division. While most projects are not noticeable to the public, they are critical to daily Zoo operations. Maintaining the buildings, grounds, exhibits and public areas are vital to overall operations. 2013 highlights: • More than 1,200 maintenance request orders were generated with a completion target to within five working days, with higher priority requests being completed the same day when possible. • Besides the scheduled 1,200 maintenance requests, there were an additional 700 call-in requests during the year, ranging from emergency action required to repairs that needed completion by the end of the day. • Due to new vendor/distributor relationships and maintenance team development that includes enhancing work skills and knowledge, fewer and fewer maintenance requested tasks/ projects are being contracted outside of the Zoo, which has been a huge cost savings for the Zoo. • The development and continuing improvement of our in-house welding/metal fabrication capabilities with additional required equipment continues to pay huge benefits to the Zoo in the areas of in-house emergency repair capabilities along with the cost savings of doing more metal fabrication projects in-house.

Asphalt walkway replacement Re-siding of cow barn Resurfaced floor in Woodland Retreat restrooms Installation of artwork on restroom partition doors Improvements to bear dens Installation of emergency broadcast system Installation of elephant shade structure Pachyderm corridor utilities protection Giraffe roof replacement Hay barn roof replacement Winter Quarters roof renovation Installation of overhead crane in train garage South End tunnel reconstruction Remodel of Lakeview restaurant restroom counter

Stockroom The Stockroom’s major responsibility is to support all of the revenue-generating operations. The operation consists of one full-time supervisor and eight seasonal associates. Main functions of the Stockroom include: ordering, shipping, receiving, delivering and monitoring of inventory controls. The employees of the Stockroom work closely with all Zoo departments in support of their daily needs. The Stockroom works directly and on a daily basis with Concessions, Catering, Group Sales, Special Events, Merchandising and the Zoological Society. The Stockroom stores food, beverage, merchandise and administrative products. The Stockroom works to ensure all health and sanitation standards are achieved, and maintains a clean and safe working environment.

Custodial The Custodial Section is responsible for keeping buildings clean for our visitors and staff. Custodians also work with the Group Sales Division as well as vendors and event managers from small companies to large corporations. The section works to ensure the event plans and preparation requests are met for each client’s function.

• The continuous improvement in truly developing working partnerships with the various Zoo contractors continues to provide outstanding benefits in cost avoidance and reductions by ensuring the proper work is completed and reasonably priced.

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Lion (opposite page) Photo by Suvi S. Tory

Operating Expenses (Financials) Zoological Department (Unaudited)

2013 Adjusted Budget

2013 Actual Year-to-Date

Variance ( ) = Deficit

Revenues Total Admissions

$6,180,139

$4,715,009

$(1,465,130)

$1,580,207

$1,001,504

$(578,703)

Net Operational Admissions

$4,599,932

$3,713,505

$(886,427)

Concessions

$4,256,353

$3,372,304

($884,049)

Catering

$151,848

$209,045

$57,197

Novelties

$1,836,065

$1,749,558

($86,507)

Parking

$3,061,447

$2,954,580

($106,867)

Special Exhibit Admissions

$399,461

$380,548

($18,913)

Sea Lion Show

$195,819

$142,251

($53,568)

Vending Machine Commissions

$339,967

$229,276

($110,691)

Strollers

$130,000

$100,652

($29,348)

Animal Rides

$48,000

$49,635

$1,635

Total Group Sales

$2,492,343

$1,768,591

($723,752)

Carousel

$221,252

$185,860

($35,392)

SkyRide

$251,722

$126,624

($125,098)

Society Memberships

$338,771

$390,309

$51,538

Donations

$187,500

$209,126

$21,626

Other Private Funding

$1,332,440

Sponsorships

$275,500

$272,892

($2,608)

Miscellaneous Revenue

$731,923

$865,185

$133,262

Sales Tax

($532,873)

($434,940)

$97,933

TOTAL REVENUES

$20,317,470

$17,617,439

($2,700,031)

Personnel Services

$8,426,249

$8,199,770

$226,398

Fringe Benefits

$4,897,974

$4,965,706

($67,651)

Contractual Services

$6,370,949

$5,327,234

$1,043,715

Commodities

$3,486,999

$3,245,798

$241,201

Depreciation

Capital Outlay

$577,627

$450,712

$126,915

Internal Service Charges

$1,555,095

$1,493,285

$61,810

Other Expenditures

($53,329)

TOTAL EXPENDITURES

$25,261,564

$23,682,505

$1,579,059

TAX LEVY

$4,944,094

$6,065,066

($1,120,972)

ATTENDANCE

1,350,000

1,232,899

(117,101)

Less Group Sales

Expenditures

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Operating Expenses Zoo Trust Funds (Unaudited)

Railroad Trust

2013 Adjusted Budget

Variance ( ) = Deficit

2013 Actual Year-to-Date

Revenues Zoomobile Revenue

$102,185

$60,719

($41,466)

Miniature Train Revenue

$660,000

$612,254

($47,746)

Earnings on Investments

$1,700

$2,364

$664

Donations and Reserve Contribution

$97,806

$6,846

($90,960)

Other Revenue

$79,867

$43,740

($36,127)

Sales Tax

($35,000)

($28,751)

$6,249

TOTAL REVENUES

$906,558

$697,171

($209,387)

Personnel Services

$361,358

$286,732

$74,626

Fringe Benefits

$82,240

Contractual Services

$267,951

$185,255

$82,696

Commodities

$40,441

$46,460

($6,019)

Conservation Projects

$13,000

$5,000

$8,000

Capital Outlay

$145,458

$83,731

$61,727

Internal Service Charges

$644

TOTAL EXPENDITURES

$911,092

$689,418

$221,674

NET INCOME (LOSS)

($4,534)

$7,754

$12,287

Expenditures

Fund Balance January 1, 2013

$704,547

Net Income

$7,754

Fund Balance December 31, 2013

$712,301

Pale-mandibled aracari Photos by Suvi S. Tory

2013 Adjusted Budget

Specimen Trust

2013 Actual Year-to-Date

Variance ( ) = Deficit

Revenues Earnings on Investments

$600

$1,003

$403

Animal Sales/Milk Sales

$19,709

$12,466

($7,243)

Giraffe Experience

$26,235

$24,369

($1,867)

Gifts and Donations

$1,500

($1,283)

($2,783)

Other Miscellaneous Revenue

Reserve Contribution

TOTAL REVENUE

$48,044

$36,555

($11,489)

Contractual Services

$36,229

$16,619

$19,610

Commodities

$12,000

$619

$11,381

Internal Service Charges

TOTAL EXPENDITURES

$48,229

$17,238

$30,992

NET INCOME (LOSS)

($185)

$19,318

$19,503

Expenditures

Fund Balance January 1, 2013

$209,429

Net Income

$19,318

Fund Balance December 31, 2013

$228,747

RAILROAD AND SPECIMEN TRUST FUNDS

Total Trust Revenue 2013

$733,726

Less Total Trust Expenditures 2013

($706,655)

2013 NET INCOME (LOSS)

$27,071

The Milwaukee County Zoo and the Zoological Society of Milwaukee A Public-Private Partnership The mission of the Zoological Society of Milwaukee is to participate in conserving endangered species, to educate people about the importance of wildlife and the environment, and to support the Milwaukee County Zoo. run by the Associate Board, including such events as a spring family evening at the Zoo, a Zoo summer campout, and a fall bike ride raised $226,283.

Zoological Society Support of the Milwaukee County Zoo Thanks to the Zoological Society of Milwaukee (ZSM), there are more and more ways to zoom in on favorite Milwaukee County Zoo animals, such as the jaguar cubs. In its fiscal 2012-2013 year, the ZSM installed a camera in the jaguar den so people could watch the playful cubs, born Nov. 13, 2012, before they went on exhibit indoors (where we also added a camera). The ZSM 2013 Annual Appeal raised $170,684 for cameras in the jaguars’ outdoor exhibit as well as in polar bears, elephants and brown bears and for cash support to the Zoo. Since we started a few years ago raising money for these “animal cams,” the ZSM has placed cameras focusing on orangutans, the fish of Lake Wisconsin, lions, tigers and the Zoo’s three species of penguins (Humboldts, gentoos and rockhoppers). As viewers get to know animals better, they care more about wildlife, conservation and the Zoo. Webcams are just part of the total support that the ZSM provides to the Zoo, which in 2012-2013 was $7,011,750 (including direct project costs). That was an increase of more than $1.5 million from the previous year. Here are summaries of ZSM support of the Zoo during the ZSM’s 2012-2013 fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 2013:

• Platypus Circle: Members of the ZSM’s annual-giving group donated more than $676,526 in cash or in-kind services to help the Zoo. • Publications, websites and social media: The ZSM produced publications and other materials that highlighted Zoo events, conservation programs, new exhibits and animals. These included Alive magazine, Contributors, Wild Things newsletter, and Platy Press newsletter for Platypus Circle members. In October 2012 the ZSM published an animal-photo calendar that was an immediate hit thanks to quality photos by Richard Brodzeller. The ZSM’s website averaged 32,711 visits per month in 2012-2013, an increase of 8,838 per month over the previous year. The site provides information about the Zoo and its animals, including self-guided tours, event details, and an archive of publications dating to 1951. In 2013 the ZSM developed a microsite featuring its BCBI bonobo-conservation project (go to bonoboconservation.com). The ZSM also increased posts to its Facebook page to every weekday. The ZSM YouTube channel helps promote the Zoo, as do ZSM “tweets” on the social-networking site Twitter. The ZSM also assists with maintenance of the Zoo’s website.

• Conservation and research: The ZSM spent $402,781 in 2012-2013, most of which supported the ZSM’s international bonobo-conservation project in Africa, the Bonobo & Congo Biodiversity Initiative (BCBI). That project helps the Zoo to meet its commitment to conservation. As part of the Zoo’s mission and also for accreditation with the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, the Zoo supports conservation efforts in the field to help endangered species. The ZSM provided about $22,533 in 2012-2013 to several of those projects, many involving Zoo staff. The ZSM also supports the Bonobo Species Survival Plan®, headed by the ZSM’s conservation coordinator, Dr. Gay Reinartz; that program helps manage the health and breeding success of bonobos in zoos.

• Signs, videos, interactive displays, Zoo printed materials, special projects: The ZSM’s Creative Department of five artists and a researcher provides graphics and design support to the Zoo as well as to the ZSM. In 2012-2013, the department produced 38 issues of various Zoo and ZSM publications, from full-color magazines to Zoo maps, from education class brochures to annual reports. The department also created 562 signs for ZSM and Zoo events, 156 animal-area banners and another 72 banners for events, 37 event invitations and programs, for the Zoo and ZSM, 85 animal-information signs at various exhibits, 32 animations and 9 videos that are shown in the Zoo’s entrance atrium, 55 print advertisements, 20 website updates, 10 PowerPoint presentations, and 7 interactive displays for the Zoo.

• Exhibits and buildings: The ZSM gave $211,970 in direct cash support to Zoo exhibits, including $47,941 for the 2013 special summer exhibit: Sting Ray & Shark Bay, sponsored by Sendik’s Food Markets. The ZSM helped upgrade the Northwestern Mutual Family Farm entrance ($19,904) and the Black Bear Exhibit ($1,885, thanks to a grant from MillerCoors). Also, the ZSM donated payments for maintenance contracts on various Zoo buildings ($142,240).

• Sponsors, grantors and supporters: The ZSM acquires sponsors for most of the Zoo’s major events and attractions, and ZSM 2012-2013 direct cash sponsorship support to the Zoo was $340,798. Grants supporting education and conservation programs as well as other projects brought in $761,688 last year. Additional support of $652,887 went to the ZSM’s live theater program (see Education).

• Fundraisers run by the ZSM Associate Board: The 30th anniversary Zoo Ball, sponsored by U.S. Bank, Wells Fargo and Wisconsin Energy Foundation raised $661,529. The 24th Annual Birdies and Eagles Golf Tournament, sponsored by Fiduciary Management Inc., raised $101,511. All other fundraising events

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• The ZSM’s Sponsor an Animal program raised $164,371 in the last fiscal year to support the Zoo’s animals. • Veterinary help: The ZSM provided $98,448 in funds to the Zoo’s veterinary staff by paying $43,924 for veterinary clinical residents and $54,524 for a pathology resident. All of them provided aid to the Zoo’s veterinary staff. • Volunteer help: Zoo Pride volunteers provided invaluable help with Zoo and ZSM events, education programs, Zoo tours, and more. Of 652 Zoo Pride volunteers, 446 active members donated 50,872 hours in 2012-2013. In addition, high school student volunteers contributed 3,482 hours to help ZSM professional staff with 2013 summer camps. • Additional cash support: The ZSM provided $500,000 to the Zoo in a Zoo Pass price increase. The total additional cash support that the Zoological Society provided to the Zoo was $1,261,940.

The Zoological Society’s Education Programs at the Zoo By offering extensive education programs nearly year-round, the ZSM helps the Zoo maintain national accreditation by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums. In total, ZSM conservationeducation programs served more than 288,500 people in fiscal year 2012-2013 and reached thousands more with educational messages about conservation through publications and online media. A summary:

Giraffe Photo by Richard Brodzeller

by the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction. In fiscal year 2012-2013, the ZSM served more than 12,000 people in individual child or parent-child classes, 24,099 schoolchildren through ZSM-run programs at the Zoo or presented at schools (in addition to students reached by KWT outreach shows), and an additional 84,619 schoolchildren who used the Zoo as a science laboratory on field trips and had ZSM curriculum available during self-directed tours. The ZSM’s Conservation Education Department also continued to offer programming designed specifically for scout groups.

Kohl’s Wild Theater: In July 2013 Kohl’s Cares announced a $1.5 million grant over three years to the ZSM to continue the Kohl’s Wild Theater (KWT) program at the Milwaukee County Zoo into 2016. This live, interactive, participatory theater uses drama, puppetry and songs to bring conservation messages to children and families. The funding will allow KWT to expand its show repertoire to a total of 17 unique and original shows, add new puppets for stage and exhibit performances, and make improvements to the stage and theater area at the Zoo. The KWT program was created in 2010, thanks to an initial $1 million donation from Kohl’s Cares, and has quickly grown to become the country’s largest zoo-theater program. In October 2012, KWT launched the second season of its highly successful outreach programming to schools and community organizations.

Programming for Disadvantaged Youth: 1) The Animal Ambassador program teaches schoolchildren about wildlife conservation so they can become ambassadors for animals. Thanks to sponsors for each school, ZSM Animal Ambassador and Continuum programs, which serve schools in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods, reached 614 second-graders and 679 third-graders at 12 schools, and 1,276 fourth-graders at 20 schools. Another 545 students in five schools with smaller classes experienced a modified program. 2) Summer Camps special programs allowed 421 children from seven Milwaukee-area neighborhood and community centers to attend ZSM 2013 camps, thanks to grants. 3) A partnership with Big Brothers & Big Sisters of Greater Milwaukee and a grant allowed the ZSM to plan a day’s activities at the Zoo for 318 people (paired adults and children).

Summer Camps: The ZSM’s Summer Camps, sponsored by Penzeys Spices, is one of the largest zoo- or aquarium-based camp programs in the nation. Camps are offered for ages 2-14, and some offer adult participation (with children ages 2-5). ZSM 2013 summer camps drew 11,512 participants: 8,537 children and 2,975 parents in 529 camp sessions. Summer college-student internships provided 20 students (including three college-student teaching interns) hands-on job training, thanks, in part, to grants. September-May Programs: From September through May, the ZSM offers classes for individuals ages 2-14 and programs for school groups that help students with science requirements set

Financial Summary

Zoological Society of Milwaukee (ZSM) – Year ending September 30, 2013

SUPPORT AND REVENUE MEMBERSHIP DUES From all Zoo Pass and Platypus Circle members. . . . . . $6,596,909 CONTRIBUTIONS Toward capital projects, specific programs and support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $710,727 SPECIAL EVENTS PROGRAMS/SPONSORSHIPS Including animal sponsorship, Zoo Ball, education, ZSM and Zoo special events, and sponsorships . . . . . . . $2,280,333

COST OF SUPPORT AND REVENUE (Support Services) MEMBERSHIP DUES Expense of providing benefits to all Zoo Pass and Platypus Circle members. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,666,164 SPECIAL EVENTS/PROGRAMS Expense of providing and promoting ZSM special events/programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $497,584 TOTAL COST OF SUPPORT AND REVENUE (Support Services) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,163,748

INTEREST INCOME. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $8,629

EXPENSES GRANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $761,668 TOTAL SUPPORT AND REVENUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,358,266

Receipts 64%

MEMBERSHIP DUES: 64% 22%

SPECIAL EVENTS/PROGRAMS: 22%

CONTRIBUTIONS: 7%

DIRECT PROJECT COSTS Expenses relative to capital projects and specific programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26,421 ZOO SUPPORT Direct cash and in-kind support to the Zoo; expense of providing, promoting and supporting education; graphics; special-exhibit projects; and Zoo special events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $6,985,329

GRANTS: 7%

RESEARCH/CONSERVATION Expenses relating to state, national and international programs supporting species preservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $675,617

Expenses ZOO SUPPORT, CAPITAL AND DIRECT PROJECT COSTS: 68%

GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE Expenses relating to daily ZSM operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $425,156

68%

SUPPORT SERVICES: 21%

21%

RESEARCH/CONSERVATION: 7%

TOTAL EXPENSES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $8,112,523

TOTAL COST OF SUPPORT AND EXPENSES . . . . . . . . . $10,276,271

GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE: 4%

African spurred tortoise Photo by Richard Brodzeller

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AnnReport Cover 13-14_2014 9/23/14 10:26 AM Page 4

Milwaukee County Executive Chris Abele

Milwaukee County Board Chairman Marina Dimitrijevic ..........................4th District

Vice Chair Peggy Romo West.........................12th District

Board of Supervisors Deanna Alexander .........................18th Mark A. Borkowski ..........................11th David Bowen....................................10th Gerry Broderick................................3rd David Cullen .....................................15th John Haas .........................................14th Willie Johnson, Jr. ..........................13th Patricia Jursik....................................8th Theo Lipscomb ..................................1st Khalif Rainey.....................................2nd Jim Schmitt........................................6th Anthony Staskunas ...................... 17th Russell Stamper .............................. 5th Steve Taylor .......................................9th John F. Weishan, Jr. ......................16th

District District District District District District District District District District District District District District District

The Milwaukee County Zoo offers equal opportunities for employees and visitors alike. 10001 West Bluemound Road Milwaukee, WI 53226 414.771.3040 www.milwaukeezoo.org Editor: Jennifer Diliberti-Shea Designer: Kevin de Wane Photographer: Michael Nepper (unless otherwise noted)

Photo by Richard Brodzel

AnnReport Cover 13-14_2014 9/23/14 10:24 AM Page 1

Front and back cover photos by Mark Scheuber